PREVENTIVE

MEDICINE
INTENSIVE
BOARD REVIEW
Ma. Lorena D. Lorenzo, FPAFP
DISABILIT
Y
usually a lifelong condition

a reduction of function or the

absence of a particular body
part or organ
loss of function
a disadvantage resulting from a
disability that limits or
prevents fulfillment
Accident of soldier

Amputation of foot

Inability to walk

Unemployment as a soldier
Accident of soldier (disease)

Amputation of foot (impairment)

Inability to walk (disability)

Unemployment as a soldier
(handicap)
-not used in one-time
events like:

food poisoning
accidents

P = Incidence x duration
P = Incidence x duration

I = Prevalence/duration

D=
Prevalence/incidence
measures the amount of
disease in a population
at a given point in time

measures rate of
developing a disease

measures risk of disease

 first phase of
epidemiological
investigation
Aim:
-who are the people affected?

-where are they affected?

-when are they affected?

changes in the occurrence of
disease over a long period
of time (years, decades)

progressive increase or
decrease

Ex. Communicable vs. non

communicable disease
frequency
occurs in cycle over short
period of time

due to antigenic variation,

build-up of susceptibles,
herd immunity variation
related to environmental
conditions

due to changes in temperature,

humidity, rainfall, over-
crowding, life cycle of vectors
Types:

continuous or repeated
exposure epidemics

single exposure or point

source
epidemics
can result from :
contamination of the
environment (air, water, soil)
by industrial chemicals or
pollutants
no secondary waves

occurs within specified period

exposure to disease agent is

brief and simultaneous
usually occur in cases of
infectious disease
commonly the result of person-
to-person transmission
continuous to occur until the
number of susceptibles is
depleted or no longer exposed
rapidity of spread depends
on
herd immunity
rapidity of spread depends
on
herd immunity
opportunities for exposure
secondary attack rate
secondary waves are likely
to
occur
may occur via arthropod
vectors and animal
useful in study of rare
cases
incidence rate can be
determined

can provide relative

risk
an epidemiological
experiment

forms the basis of the

modern concept of
evidence-based
medicine

Used not only for

testing drugs but for
validating procedures