80 - eduction: -

Self-Perpetuation
-
continuity of species
life
11
-

factors Internal
physiology - Habitat.

Male
Reproductive System:
-
-

Men when -ene

During it month of
pregnancy,
of facture
releases testosterone - descend of testis
from abdominal into scrotum.
cavity
Why? Test'sshow spermatogenesis at
temp lower by 2-2.5as compared
to
body temperature.
·
If fails
testis to descend -
(HIDISM
3.1 The male reproductive system
in
--

· -
paired

sannawaste
Mar
·

Paired duct - Paired

* suntS
·

vasectomyS- Plate
ene
·

↳ ↑
nee

unpaired -

S
·
the
· secretes
Seminal
plasma.
-- B

Tre:- Cowpers andre Amodectomyi

·

Eric
spongiosum↳-
cavernosa
Corpora Lubricant-
Enlarge the
· -
- -

Stesile
-
Festile
Lubrication
-

of penis
->
size
ofurethral Testsremovedatagressive
 from testisdescend from
Juguinal
·
Canal -

abdominal cavity into scrotum.

Painful condition,
·

Juguinal Messia -
intestine creates
lange
pressure on
testis!
a
spermatic cord -> BV+LV+ Nerves.
 ET,
1. Tunica
-
natis: double membrane

nyaaa
·
->
-
m-

m
m ①

ee
2. Tunica
-

albugines
--
CT -

dense fibrous Vasculosa

-
BUT LV
-

-
strength -

Nerves
-
Rigidity -

·
Each Tasti'scontain dules contains
1.3 tubule.
seminiferous
 Eintestis
seminiferous tubules
~Lobule
Spea
-
-000-ntacular
--
se L

·othe
atogonia (diploid S
I
v. titial
- L
call/ddg
- cell
-

1 -A ⑨
dige

wig A
->

cel
ISSH -

Interstitial
Cell
stimulating rogen (Testosterone)
Homone! · 2o sexual characters

E
· Low pitch Beard-moustache
masculine
body
·

aggression
·

⑧ Anabolism
② SentoliCall:
nur
-. Nourishment
of sperm call

Inhibin
⑪ Inhibits
Este Section
· ->

⑦ -

· Blood -
Testis-Barrier
·
Secrete-factors -

spermogenesis
Protein-
· ABP-
Androgen Binding
Lone Testosterone.
·

AMF = inhibitformation of
uterus + Oviduct!

Formation of
Ens S PERMATOGENESIS
-

sperm
·
Puberly
-
-
- GURH,
were
LH, FSH

⑳ Spento"go nia
steur
cau *mitosis
-&
Reserved
-
⑳
spermatogonia A sparatogonia
mee
A 9200t
nee

⑭ nary spenmatoaste
A Melosis I

~ W 20
spermatocyte
A+
*
22 X
+

m
Maiosis II

x y 50%X 50%4
pics
 *spemiogenesis
conversion
of specmatid
into

E E
spermato

E zool
speems
-

22 Y 22 Y
+

22 x
+

+
22 X+

* Calculate
& 250
t he

is
no
of spore if
we have

250x7 1000.
*
permatocyte -> =

⑯ 200spermatids->
200

have 200
⑦ X-type sports if we

so spermatocyt>
2
⑳ -
s 50%
I
quJuc/23 essoryand
->
·
mnalcle- Paired
max
->

seminal
amountsecrete

plasma.
->
Fructose
n
Energy source.

·
Nate Rnd- unpaired
->

Prostagland
-
is local hormones

·
Bubourethral Cowper'sgland
me re
-
paired
Lubricant
->

A
Lubrication of
Wrethral

passage.
S EMEN
-
-
steam-plasma CAllory gland)
Access
 ·
pH 7.3-7.7
-

(basic
200-300 million
⑧
sport count -> Dejaculation
-A
- Teratozoo
80-100 million

(different oligospermin
nee
mill
un
Azoospoumia
-

mic shapes
Asthenozoospamic
nee

slow
motility
·
Quantity 905-5milejaculation
-

·
Appearance -> whitish,
sticky.

Es STRUCTURE
me
OFM: -
 innyrunwr winthe
Lipid Bilayer

aro t
m a n e r by

chondria -
sertoli cell.

fructose
25-30
=>

mitochondra
spirally arranged
->

NEBERKERN
#te -> nee

60% sperms should show normal shape &

size. Out of which 40% should show vigorous
 motility!
&
-1000 spowns then calculate the
no
of sperms
with a Normal shape & size

1000
-

⑥ "motility -
so
-

A
 of Mentive
Regulation
nee
system
lami
⑦

- in ⑦ & GURH

~
Adenohypophysil Pituitary Anterior

· Dadoping
Hest

se
⑰ c
⑰
daydig call Interstitial

combin
Cell
D
Androgen (Testosterone)
=>

A spermiogn ABP
speematogenesis
nee
 in
Abdominated
Hysterectomy
t
Removal -

--

M -

⑱
Nourishment
--
Innermost
& landular
-
Matla
~Opovidual.
u
·...
-
-
widest +
-
fertilization
Inhibin
Relaxin

& Estrogen
⑧ I -

hayer * * Progesterone
&.
-
Ostia
- ---

-> * Finger like A ↑

smooth
↳ Pick ova from

asimame
muscles Hormones
⑧ - I sex
organ-

& 2 -> Ouch

=>

paired
Removal of
ovaryI
->

⑳&
A power
painter
make

Oopherectomy
e

-
_copulation A
Non-
Devoid of
impedes the
Keratinized
-

mout of
-- land
stratified speem.
squamousRugae
 Female Reproductivesystem: -

more were wer

⑰ OVARY -Paired
Gormones
--

Isex
organ I
~

Ova
->
Removal
Oopherectomy
-

-Follicles

can -
->
8
- ->medulla

8
....
->
Tunica
①
BV +
LV Nerves
+

albuginac
-

dense fibrous
+

② Geminal Epithelium Simple -

cubolal epithelium.
⑧ Fallopian tabel Onet:
nee
· Paired
- Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
⑧
Infundibulum: -free
projection ARIAE -

A A
-funnel shaped pick
to
from
one

abominal citi
-opening- OSTIA

⑥ Ampulla
=>
widest
-> - Broadest
->
Sitefor fertilization
⑳ mus- narrow tube joining with
uterus.

③ HesteraDWb -

Removal
of Mystera Hysterectomy
·
->

Supportimplantation&
pregnancy
·

Layers
-
 ⑳ Pium -
outermost

->
protection
->
Arcolar(.> & Simple squamous Epi.
⑯
Myometrium
-
->
middle
layer
->

smooth muscles

partusition.
->

③ atrium innermost -

Glandular
->

layer
supportpregnancy.
->

④ rvix:- most
powerful sphincter muscle
cervical resistmont
fluid of
->
-

sperm.
-

cervixt
Vagina
-
Birth Canal.
⑤ Vagina
-
=>

copulationCanal
- site of insemination
->
Partially covered
hymen
Skin folds Rugae
- ->

- davoid land
of
->
Non-Keratinized stratified squamous
spithelium.
=>

Female
warn
External Genitalia) Pudenduma
ne
mer

ris,
when
ina hair
 A A
Bartholin vaginal opening
L
gland
Lubrication
of
passage.
 O⑧
Engenesis -formation
"S
Formation female

!
genesi
=>
of - of ovar

⑭licle. foetal ovary gamete

agesmi:-
ovat
supporting
te
-

a
gag ti n
cells.
=

Atthe time

bubartogram
of
Se
a.

60k-goK follicles
are
presentin each eit
ovary.
Atthe time birth, Iforlich ⑳ te
2.
of
millions of follicle, butat * starts A
sis
puberty
number reduces drastically ->
⑲ l'oocyte is

lstwood(anaetam
arrested at
degeneration process
tal Meiosis I
diplotene
-

Nohomone
-

One e)
layer of
3.
Gulosa Completion of +

division

A
Puberty hH, FSH, GURH
meiosis
unequal
⑪
⑫
layarorg
·
A theca Istpolar
new
body.
appears
6.8
Dingte
layers
·

of
88
granulosa.
2
were
follicle
E Arrested
⑪a
at se
I.
 ovulation A
A

⑳huntaries
more

·
Macosis
completed

Grescent
I

produce so conte
to

8
Ampogee 0
go
->
granulosa
in

00o degeneral
are
call
shaped-cavily

-
-

e,
Theca Interna
Aberum ->
-
These externa
·
Theca into Completion A
-

differentiated
interna & externa currulus

otmiosis
-

pos
·more
layers of Granulosa
s'oocyte-Glycoprotein elucida andpolar other
·

A syngamy
↓ -

cellular ⑳u
↳
eng
Prevents when more than

⑲ 2. Prevents
pregnancy anaemia
When
=>
implantation occurs atsite
zygote
=

other than Uterns!

 Gn follice-tangest
in
nee
size

A ovulation

"
-
The
ovary
granulosa

2
H
uteum
Tovary dine and

0 MENSTRUAL
we
CYCLE
m

Mammalian males Henkay.

->

Apes
Begin arche
*

'Quate
-

Mammalian Non-Primates >

we
-Stop
nee
-
Mpause.
00
& b
=>

-
- -

Pg Er,
+

--
* -
o
14
Uranus
-
mainterative
Secretory
e

Im
28
Rye135152-
Luteal phase

ovulation
MORMONAL
nee
RETION: -

Hypothalamus
*

GURA
& physician A

Lo FSH
-

- D
Theeal Granulosa cell
were layer Aromatary nee

-
-

A
drogen
⑯gen
a

1 Io sexual
A
characters
Adiposis in bults
20
High
&
pitch +

mammary gland
3. Regeneration of Endometrium
# Eg tre
·ult maintenance
of dus
Luteum

-
->

Progesterone
-

maintains
->
Inhibin.

endometrium trogen into

Relaxes

-
&
pregnancy
⑧

FSU
-

myometrium
·
Relaxes Cerix
D during child
GuRn, H, ASH birth.
 I.PRE-OVULATORY
nee
OVARY ERUS
-
--

⑧ Follicular phase ·
Menstruction +
Proliferative
A
A
- Ifollicle
-

90 -
3:
Breakdown
⑪

graaftan
-
of defzium
*
Regeneration
of
follicle
-

Lig form Endometrium

- Gramlosa cell scarcte

Estrogen of Blood
30-40m1.
I. OON
- ->

Rupturing of Graafian follicle

->

rge!

#
-
POST-OUULATION
OVARY
-
UERUS
Luteal phase Secretory phase.
maintain
(H -
~x Co2 When fertilization Endometrium becomes
x
is -
absent

&
agading glandular!
-

more
->

a
supportpregnancy,
-
Ezation
⑭
- S
↑
⑦

hi G (human
chorionic
maintain
Pregnancy

gonadotropin)
↓
Blastula
-
As
-
Ampulla
FATION: -

e - Hyaluronic acid

-> Oolemma

-> Lava pellucida

=> Corona radiata
20
oocyte ->
arrestent cytoplasm.
at
MetaphaseI
--
Steps
--

In nationsTransfer
o f
1. set
a
S Sig:nova B 2. Mmotaxis (chemical attraction)

⑤
-

sperm -
Antilizin
~ ova -
bein
3 capacitation:
:
Removal
of cholested
-

nee

Influxof Ca2+-motility
->
Ba Accosomal Ration: Acton
Hyaluronidase hyaluronic
-

-
- >

acid.

⑥ Corona
Penstrating anat
s
a

② AccosinAZona lysins-> act on Zop.

⑨ Disintegrin peptide- Oolema

5e Metaphase Promoting factor (MPF) ·

maintains
2oocyte
-
E
inactivated
in
Metaphase II MPF
gets
-

APC activated
CAnaphase Promoting gets
Complex.
*Maiosis I completed

⑳ a ootid
* (haploid)
 A
i
⑭ ydipo
LIZATION EVENTS: -

Cleavage
·

Morulation
·

Blastulation
·

·
Implantation
·
Gastulation

Embryonic da
·
 Fo Cleavage
>

inLampenngmainean
e

division

&celled
stage.
⑪ Longitudinal

Garrett
CD
-> ** The amount
cytoplasm,
persentin zygotic cell-morula

The in
&2 amount
of cytoplasm
-

3-called
I called= 3 celled I
stage.
stage
* Latitudinal cleavage

ji"2.panager"andene
ze
(8-16celled) a
1. Morulation ->
formation
me
-> 2op.
of morula.

·
->
8-16 called
stage
Compaction
->

- *
Outer cells Inner calls
- -

Tight Junction
-
sto Junction
-

A ↓
To prevent Communication
leakage
BATION Junclou
-

-
Formation
of Blastula
(Byst)
To
Extra-embryonic

S
last membranes
->

->
7

- Blastocoel
↑
-

ZumaMass
(2cm) ->

forms embryo.
(sticky asthe
To IATION: -

Attachment
of Blastocyst
with Endomatum
-
on T
day! post Feition
Size increases
2.
of Blastocyst

·proma
gene

To
- ION:-Danger Endoder
Ectoderm Mesoderm
Morphogenatin
mout-> which the
governs cells to
move
accordingly.
 TEST I NEWS
x
- Two red line indicati
sane ↓
-

- pregnancy.
- Antibodies
ham." YYYY
-

specific
·
to

ETRA-ENIC MANE
⑨ Chorion
forms' anta
Placenta
·
formed after 12 weeks

Endocrine
gland EstrogenthPL
progesteronet
· ->

A umbilical
>
-

-
h29 +

cord ·
Collect from foetal Blood
focus waste

in ·Provides
⑧ Bassier
of, unkition to forth
 ⑥ Amau ->
amnioticfed
secrete
-

acts
swimming
-
as
pool
-prevents desiccation.

⑥ Yolk Sac opoiesis

B
-

lood
formation
& Allantois - excretion

-
- monicdement:
Gestation
period fertilization
till
child
delivery
· -

Human-9 months.
End
- of 1stmonth ->
foetal heartformed
heartbeats ->
Stethoscope
End and himbs
-> of month -> &
digits are
formed
 End 3rd All
of month
major organs formed.
->

- are

-5th month -
first foetal movement.

Eyelids separati
a
it
month Tremendous
body growth
-

-9th mouth child

delivery.
-

SignURITION -Actof
7

child deling
the
2
- -

RISO ⑪
4Ez:A
progesterone
Ratio
Neuro-
Endocrine en
A
Reflex
hypothalamus
Posterion Pituitary
A
CIN
A
myometrium
I
child
delivery!
 Mammary glands
-
are modified sweat Gads,5-20
-

Exocrine Prolactin
glands -- milk
synthesis
~ -

-> milk
Ejection -oxytocin
-

Firstmilk
-

-
Colostrum
-

-
IgA
Low
-
on
sugar.