Prof.

Newa, Elsie Opiyo

USIU -AFRICA

GROUP 5:
Alisha Aminmohamed Mohamed – 664243
Ngatho Penina -662978
Charles Muhoro – 661341
Munene Kareen Murugi – 663397
Maureen Erasto Msuya – 663196
Murigu Marylynn Wambui – 664956
 01 02 03
INTRODUCTION LENSES SYSTEMATIC VIEWPOINTS
Start of the presentation Lenses in family systems Comparison of the 6 viewpoints
therapy. in family systems therapy

04 05
FACILITIES 3 GENERATION GENOGRAM
Changes in facilities Using the 3-generation genogram for
stan to explain any family issue
 Family systems therapy approaches
problem-solving through the lens of
relationships, dynamics, and patterns that
exist within family units.
E.g. It helps in identifying how a client’s
problematic behaviour may serve a
function or purpose for the family.
02

8X LENSES
An individual is made of many parts-physical, cognitive,
emotional, spiritual, and/or social. Some are self-
enhancing and some are self-destructive.
It is when parts become polarized and extreme-or needed
parts seem inaccessible-that individuals experience
internal conflict.
 2. TELEOLOGICAL LENS
Teleology refers to the study of the study of ends
or purposes. This lens enables family therapists
to develop an understanding of what motivates
behaviour. The therapist attempts to understand
the purpose or goal of behaviour by looking at
its results and asking questions.
E.g. Why a family member lied to another. This
could have been assumed to be malice but
instead it was a white lie.
 SEQUENCES:
3.
TRACKING PATTERNS & INTERACTION
Defining aspects of family life that is ordered.
Families tend to interact in patterns that repeat in
multiple forms. E.g. Adaptive sequences require
leadership that is balanced, fair, cooperative.
Maladaptive sequences require ridged and inflexible
rules. Therapists will attempt to help develop more
useful sequences
 EXAMPLES OF THE SEQUENCES
There are different levels of sequences

LEVEL 1: occur between two or more family members who

are face to face
LEVEL 2: support the functioning of the family and become
accepted as routines.
LEVEL 3 : the ebbs and flows of life- these longer sequences
account for family adjustments to outside forces or
developmental changes
LEVEL 4: transgenerational- sequences that reflect larger
system values and rules about culture or gender roles- passed
from generation to generation
4. ORGANIZATIONAL LENSE
Understands that individuals and families have some
organizing process that holds everything together and
provides a sense of unity.
Organization is manifest in family rules, routines,
rituals, and expected roles.
The therapists aids to set fair and just rules that cope
with members of different ages.
5. DEVELOPMENTAL LENS
This is cantered on the nuclear family is called "family life cycle."
The six major transitions that make up the family life cycle are as
follows:
1. A young adult who is unmarried leaves home to lead a life that is
largely autonomous.
2. People get married or start living as a pair to start a life
together.
3. The couple establishes a family and has kids.
4. The kids grow into teenagers.
5. The parents send their kids out into the world and get ready for
life without kids.
6. As a family ages, children may have to care for their parents as
well as their own children, and the parents begin to plan for their
eventual passing.
 5. DEVELOPMENTAL LENS
For instance:
In the case of Stan.
Stan is currently in stage 1 of the family life cycle since he is a
young man struggling with the transition from living at a home to
an independent life.
His parents are at stage 5, struggling with issues related to
launching Stan into the world.
 6. MULTICULTURAL LENS
A multicultural lens challenges dominant culture and introduces diversity and
complexity into our understanding of the human condition.
There are 10 areas of assessment assist family therapists in bringing a multicultural
perspective to their work:
-Membership as an immigrant in a dominant society
-Level of economic privilege or poverty
-Level of education and process of learning
-Ethnicity
-Religion
-Gender
-Age
-Race, discrimination and oppression
-Minority versus majority status
-Regional background.
 The assessment areas produce
phenomenological meaning that meaning
that may be different for each members of
a family as well as for the therapist.
In Stan’s family, the multigenerational
relationships with alcohol may be based in
particular cultural expectations about the
use and abuse of this substance.
 7. GENDER LENS
It is the oldest and most pervasive discrimination in the world
is against women in all cultures.
Family therapists are increasingly including advocacy into their
treatment plans.
Therapists must now take personal responsibility for
challenging women's mistreatment and uneven status and
cannot dismiss these issues.
Powerful concepts like leadership, connection, discourse, and
collaboration are gradually replacing terms like hierarchy,
co-dependency and unbalancing, which have long been
linked to structural-strategic approaches to families.
 8. PROCESS LENS
This approach focuses on the patterns of interaction and
communication between members of a family, rather than viewing
individual family members as the source of problems.
The Process Lens refers to the therapist's observation and
understanding of the patterns and dynamics of communication
and interaction within the family. The therapist uses this lens to
help the family understand and identify the underlying patterns
that contribute to the difficulties they are experiencing.
 03
COMPARISON OF VIEWPOINTS IN FAMILY
SYSTEMS THERAPY:
6 systematic viewpoints
6 SYSTEMATIC VIEWPOINTS IN FAMILY SYSTEMS
THERAPY
ADLERIAN MULTI- HUMAN EXPERIENTIAL/ STRUCTURAL STRATEGIC
FAMILY THERAPY GENERATIONAL - VALIDATION SYMBOLIC FAMILY THERAPY FAMILY THERAPY
FAMILY THERAPY PROCESS MODEL FAMILY THERAPY

Key figures Afred Adler, Rudolf Murray Bowen Virginia Satir Carl Whitaker Salvador Minuchin Jay Haley & Cloé
Dreikurs, Oscar Madanes
Christensen, &
Manford
Sonstegard

Time focus Present with some Present and past: Here and now Present Present and past Present and Future
reference to the family of origin;
past three generations

Therapy goals Enable parents as Differentiate the Promote growth, Promote Restructure family Eliminate
leaders; unlock self; change the self-esteem, and spontaneity, organization; presenting
mistaken goals individual within connection; help creativity, change problem; change
and inter- actional the context of the family reach autonomy, and dysfunctional dysfunctional
patterns in family; system; decrease congruent ability to play transactional patterns; interrupt
promotion of anxiety communication patterns sequence
effective parenting and interaction
 6 SYSTEMATIC VIEWPOINTS IN FAMILY SYSTEMS
THERAPY
Role and function Educator; Guide, objective Active facilitator; Family coach; "Friendly uncle"; Active director of
of the therapist motivational researcher, resource challenger; model stage manager, change; problem
investigator; teacher; monitor detective; model for change promoter of solver
collaborator of own reactivity for congruence through play change in family
structure
Process of Formation of Questions and Family is helped Awareness and Therapist joins Change occurs
change relationship based cognitive to move from seeds of change the family in a through
on mutual processes lead to status quo are planted in leadershipe role; actionoriented
respect; differentiation through chaos to therapy changes directives and
investigation of and new possibilities confrontations structure; sets paradoxical
birth order and understanding of and new boundaries interventions
mistaken goals, family of origin integrations
reeducation

Techniques and Family Genograms; Empathy; touch, Co-therapy; self- Joining & Reframing;
innovations constellation; dealing with communication; disclosure; accommodating; directives and
typical day; goal family-of-origin sculpting; role confrontation; unbalancing; paradox;
disclosure; issues; DE playing; family-life use of self as tracking boundary amplifying;
natural/logical triangulating chronology change agent making; pretending;
consequences relationships enactments enactments
 04
WHAT FACILITIES CHANGE?
6 changes
 WHAT FACILITIES CHANGE
1. EXPLORING THE BENEFITS
OF FAMILY SYSTEMS
THERAPY
2. USING GENOGRAMS TO FACILITATE
One of the goals of family systems therapy is to
CHANGE IN FAMILIES
help families to develop a greater sense of
differentiation, or the ability to balance closeness Genograms can be used to identify patterns of behavior
and individuality within the family system. and interaction within the family, as well as to explore
the impact of historical and cultural factors on the
This can involve developing clearer boundaries,
family system
promoting greater emotional awareness and
regulation, and improving communication patterns By examining the genogram and identifying areas of
within the family. strength and potential areas for improvement, therapists
can work collaboratively with the family to develop
interventions that are tailored to their unique needs.
 WHAT FACILITIES CHANGE
3. STRUCTURAL
INTERVENTIONS IN FAMILY
SYSTEMS THERAPY
4. STRATEGIC INTERVENTIONS IN
Structural interventions involve modifying the
FAMILY SYSTEMS THERAPY
boundaries, roles, and rules within the family
system in order to improve communication and Strategic interventions involve tailoring interventions to
reduce conflict. the family's unique needs and goals, and carefully
monitoring progress over time.
For example, a therapist might work with a family
to establish clear boundaries around individual One example of a strategic intervention is working
roles and responsibilities, or to create rules with a family to set specific goals around
around communication and conflict resolution. improving communication or reducing conflict.
 WHAT FACILITIES CHANGE
5. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
FAMILY SYSTEMS THERAPY
FOR FACILITATING CHANGE
6. UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF
There are a range of issues that family systems
FAMILY SYSTEMS THERAPY
therapy can be effective for such as substance
abuse, marital problems, child behavior The goal of family systems therapy is to facilitate
problems, change within the family system.
It can also help in enabling families to deal with Using genograms, structural interventions, and
major life changing transitions such as divorce, strategic interventions, therapists can work
birth of a new child and or remarriage. collaboratively with families to bring about positive
change and improve overall family functioning.
 05
EXPLAIN ANY ISSUE RELATED TO STAN
Using the 3-generation genogram
 USE THE 3 GENERATION GENOGRAM FOR STAN TO EXPLAIN ANY

FAMILY ISSUE:

A genogram is a visual representation of a family tree

that includes information about family relationships,
medical history, and other important family
dynamics. In family systems therapy, a three-
generation genogram can be used to help identify
patterns of behaviour and relationships within a
family, as well as to identify potential sources of
family issues.
USE THE 3 GENERATION GENOGRAM FOR STAN TO EXPLAIN ANY

FAMILY ISSUE:

By visually representing family information, a

genogram can help identify patterns of behaviour
and relationships that may be contributing to
current difficulties, such as
relationship problems, mental health issues, or
substance abuse in therapy, a three-generation
genogram can be used as a starting point for
exploring the individual's family history and
relationships, and can provide insight into the
family's strengths, weaknesses, and patterns of
behaviour.
In the case of Stan, a three-generation genogram might reveal patterns
of behaviour and relationships that are contributing to any family
issues he may be experiencing. For example, if Stan's parents had a
tumultuous relationship marked by conflict and stress, this may
have contributed to Stan's difficulties in forming and maintaining
healthy relationships. Additionally, if Stan's grandparents struggled
with substance abuse or mental health issues, this could also
contribute to Stan's struggles and suggest a pattern of difficulties
in the family.

By identifying these patterns, the therapist can work with Stan and his
family to understand how these patterns are affecting their
relationships and contributing to their difficulties. The therapist can
then help the family develop new strategies for dealing with these
patterns, such as improved communication and problem-solving
skills, and help them find ways to break the cycle of problematic
behaviour and improve their relationships.
Family therapy is a type of psychological counselling
(psychotherapy) that can help family members
reach certain goals by improving the
communication, solving family problems,
understanding and handling special family situations,
and creating a better functioning home
environment.
 Bowen, M. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. Jason Aronson.

https://doi.org/10.1037/0000101-007
Cherry, K. (2021, July 31). What is Structural Family Therapy? VeryWellMind. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-
structural-family-therapy-5193068
Cherry, K. (2022, February 2). What is Strategic Family Therapy? VeryWellMind. https://www.verywellmind.com/strategic-
family-therapy-definition-types-techniques-and-efficacy-
5216431#:~:text=Strategic%20family%20therapy%20is%20based,make%20up%20the%20family%20environment.
Colapinto, J. (2019). Structural family therapy. In B. H. Fiese, M. Celano, K. Deater-Deckard,
Corey, G. (2014). Theory and practice of group counselling (9th ed.). CENGAGE Learning Custom Publishing.
E. N. Jouriles, & M. A. Whisman (Eds.), APA handbook of contemporary family psychology: Family therapy and training
(pp. 107–121). American Psychological Association.
Gupta, S.(2022, July 29). What is Experiential Therapy? VeryWellMind. https://www.verywellmind.com/experiential-
therapy-definition-techniques-and-efficacy-5198815
Haley, J. (1987). Problem-solving therapy. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

McGoldrick, M., & Gerson, R. (2015). Genograms: Assessment and intervention. Routledge.

Minuchin, S. (1974). Families and family therapy. Harvard University Press.

Shadish, W. R., & Baldwin, S. A. (2003). Meta-analysis of MFT interventions. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy,
29(4), 547-570.

Szapocznik, J., Kurtines, W. M., Foote, F. H., Perez-Vidal, A., & Hervis, O. (1986). Conjoint versus one-person family
therapy: Some evidence for the effectiveness of conducting family therapy through one person with drug-abusing
adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54(3), 395-397.

Tuttle L. C. (1998). Experiential Family Therapy: An Innovative Approach to the Resolution of Family Conflict in Genetic
Counseling. Journal of genetic counselling, 7(2), 167–186. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022802006630