CHAPTER 5 DESIGN OF PRECAST AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE COMPONENTS

Table 5.8.2  Suggested simple span multipliers to be used as a guide in estimating long-term cambers and deflections for
typical prestressed components
Without compos- With composite
ite topping topping
  At erection:
5 (1) D
 eflection (downward) component—apply to the elastic deflection due to the component 1.85 1.85
weight at release of prestress
(2) C
 amber (upward) component—apply to the elastic camber due to prestress at the time of 1.80 1.80
release of prestress
Final:
(3) D
 eflection (downward) component—apply to the elastic deflection due to the component 2.70 2.40
weight at release of prestress
(4) C
 amber (upward) component—apply to the elastic camber due to prestress at the time of 2.45 2.20
release of prestress
(5) Deflection (downward)—apply to elastic deflection due to superimposed dead load only 3.00 3.00
(6) Deflection (downward)—apply to elastic deflection caused by the composite topping — 2.30

5.8.3 Bilinear Behavior 5.8.3.1 Cracked-Section Analysis

Section 9.5.4.2 of ACI 318-05 requires that for prestressed
concrete flexural components that fall into Class T or Class
C (see Section 5.2.2.2), deflection calculations be based on
transformed cracked-section analysis, and permits the use of
bilinear moment-deflection relationships. This means that
the deflection before the component has cracked is calcu-
lated using the gross (uncracked) moment of inertia Ig and
the additional deflection after cracking is calculated using the
moment of inertia of the cracked section. Examples 5.8.3.1
and 5.8.3.2 illustrate the direct application of this principle.
As an alternative, the code allows the determination of an
effective moment of inertia Ie and the deflection then calcu-
lated by substituting Ie for Ig in the deflection calculation, as
illustrated in Examples 5.8.3.3 and 5.8.3.4. Figure 5.8.1 illus-
trates the differences between the two methods.
The equation for effective moment of inertia is:
3
⎡ ⎛ M ⎞3⎤
⎛M ⎞
I e = ⎜ cr ⎟ I g + ⎢1 − ⎜ cr ⎟ ⎥ I cr (Eq. 5-76)
⎝ Ma ⎠ ⎢⎣ ⎝ M a ⎠ ⎥⎦
M cr ⎛f −f ⎞
= 1− ⎜ tot r ⎟ (Eq. 5-77)
Ma ⎝ fl ⎠
where:
ftot = final calculated total stress in the component
fl = calculated stress due to live load
For many applications, particularly Class T components,
the conservative empirical relationship:
( )
IIcrcr = nAps d p2 1 − 1.6 nρ p (Eq. 5-78)
may be used to determine the cracked moment of inertia.
Design Aid 5.14.11 gives coefficients for use in solving this
equation. Iterative procedures used for non-prestressed com-
ponents that neglect the effects of prestressing are also con-
servative, but may be adequate for Class T components.
For Class C components, however, and for other applications
where a more exact analysis may be desired, a method described
by Mast,4 summarized in Section 5.2.2.2, may be used.
5.8.4 Long-Term Camber/Deflection
ACI 318-05 provides a multiplier λ applied to initial deflec-
tion for estimating the long-term deflection of non-prestressed
reinforced concrete components (ACI 318-05 Section 9.5.2.5):
ξ
λ= (Eq. 5-79)
1 + 50 ρ'
where
 = factor related to length of time
ρ' = ratio of compressive reinforcement
(There is no corresponding ratio for prestressed concrete
in ACI 318-05.)
The determination of long-term cambers and deflections in
precast, prestressed concrete components is somewhat more
complex because of the effect of prestress. The loss of pre-
stress over time, the strength gain of concrete after release
of prestress, and the camber or deflection is important not
only at the initial and final stages but also at erection, which
occurs at some intermediate stage, usually from 30 to 60 days
after casting.
It has been customary in the design of precast, prestressed
concrete components to estimate the camber of a component

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