dimitri nadiraSvili

daibada 1961 wels. fsiqologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori. muSaobs socialur, samedicino, ganwyobis
fsiqologiaSi.
praqtikosi fsiqoTerapevti. aqvs naSromebi fsiqoanalizSi, klientze centrirebul TerapiaSi, geStalt TerapiaSi.
muSaobs d. uznaZis fsiqologiis institutSi, aris samedicino fsiqologiis ganyofilebis xelmZRvaneli.

geStalt Terapia _ fsiqoTerapiuli mimarTuleba. Camoyalibda XX saukunis II naxevarSi. masSi

akumulirebulia aRmosavluri sibrZne da dasavluri fsiqologiuri codna. popularuli gaxda, radgan
fsiqoanalizisagan gansxvavebiT sasurveli pozitiuri efeqtebi, am fsiqoTerapiuli teqnikiT drois xanmokle
intervalSia SesaZlebeli.

winamdebare wigni warmoadgens saxelmZRvanelos geStalt TerapiaSi fsiqoTerapevtebis, fsiqologebis,

eqimebis, pedagogebis, socialuri muSakebisa da am sferoTi dainteresebul pirTaTvis. igi pirveli
fundamenturi naSromia qarTul enaze, romelSic sistemurad aris gadmocemuli geStalt Terapiis Teoria,
praqtika da teqnika.

dimitri nadiraSvili

egzistencialuri
geStalt Terapia
1
 sarCevi

redaqtoris winasityvaoba 7
winasityvaoba 8
Sesavali 10

Tavi I. geStalt Terapiis safuZvlebi 13

geStalt Terapiis Camoyalibeba da ganviTareba 14
geStaltis buneba 20
geStalti, figura da foni 27
kontaqti 32
kontaqti da SegrZnebis modalobebi 37
kontaqti da mZlavri emociebi 47
kontaqtis procesi (sintaqsisi) 51
urTierTsapirispiro ZalTa erTianoba 55
drosa da sivrcesTan mimarTeba 59
pirovnebis ganviTarebis stadiebi 64

Tavi II. pirovnuli darRvevebi 71

me-s dacviTi meqanizmebi 72
introeqcia 75
proeqcia 78
retrofleqsia 81
defleqsia 84
konfluencia 87
nevrozi 91
fsiqozi 96
Tavi III. geStalt Terapiis procesi 99
2
 geStalt Terapiis mizani da mindinareoba 100
grZnobebze koncentrireba 103
urTierTsapirispiro ZalTa sinTezi 106
gacnobierebis gafarToeba 112
sizmrebze da ocnebebze muSaoba 115
sxeulze mimarTuli muSaoba 120
pasuxismgeblobis aReba 125
winaaRmdegobis gadalaxva 131
Sinagan dispoziciur ZalTa kompozicia 134
integracia 137
geStalt Terapiis teqnikuri procedurebi 143

Tavi IV. geStalt Terapiis seansi 157

jgufuri geStalTerapiuli procesi
(pirovnebis integracia) 158

literatura 172

winasityvaoba

am naSromis daweris idea karga xania rac mqonda, magram praqtikuli ganxorcieleba daviwye 2005 wlis
agvistoSi zRvis sanapiroze yofnisas gonioSi. radgan umaRles saswavlebelSi vaswavli, rogorc sxva leqtorebi,
xSirad vxvdebi problemebs, Tu ra literatura davusaxelo studentebs ZiriTad da damatebiT
saxelmZRvaneloebad fsiqologiaSi, radgan ucxouri tradiciuli da Tanamedrove fsiqologiuri literatura qarTulad
praqtikulad ar iTargmneba. dasaxelebuli literatura, gansakuTrebiT, gamoyenebiT fsiqologiaSi, Cveulebriv
rusulenovani, an gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi inglisurenovania. am mxriv qveyanaSi, romelsac fsiqologiur
mecnierebaSi udidesi tradiciebi aqvs, garda im naSromebisa, romlebic qarTulad iwereba, klasikuri
nawarmoebebi, rom aRara vTqvaT Tanamedroveebze, qarTul enaze araa naTargmni.
amas isic emateba, rom Cveni sazogadoebis socialurad cudad organizebulobis gamo gamoyenebiTi da
praqtikul fsiqologiaze araa saTanado moTxovna. amitom is cudadaa ganviTarebuli. es maSin, rodesac
fundamentaluri Teoriuli fsiqologia evropuli masStabiTac erT-erT mowinave poziciaze dgas.
rogorc sxva gamoyenebiTi fsiqologiuri mimarTulebebi fsiqoTerapiac saqarTveloSi sustadaa
ganviTarebuli. literatura fsiqoanalizSi, geStalt TerapiaSi, klientze centrirebul TerapiaSi, fsiqodramaSi,
fsiqosinTezSi, neirolingvistur programirebaSi qarTul enaze praqtikulad ar arsebobs. am mxriv, gansakuTrebuli
madloba qalbaton Tina CxeiZes fsiqoTerapiul teqstTa qarTul enaze TargmnisaTvis.
aseve araa organizebuli saswavlo dawesebulebebi zemoT CamoTvlil mimdinareobebSi maSin, rodesac
aseTi skolebi farTodaa gavrcelebuli mTels evropaSi, iqac sadac Teoriuli fsiqologia saerTod ar arsebobs.
3
miuxedavad am araorganizebulobisa, CvenTan 80-iani wlebidan popularulia fsiqoTerapiuli mimdinareobebi,
gansakuTrebiT fsiqoanalizi, amerikeli fsiqoTerapevtis karl rojersis saqarTveloSi mogzaurobis Semdeg klientze
centrirebuli Terapia da geStalt Terapia.
Cemi interesi geStalt TerapiiT ZiriTadad literaturis gacnobiTa da saqarTveloSi myofi ucxoeli
geStaltTerapevtebTan SexvedriT daiwyo. 2002 wels aSS-Si, san-franciskoSi rolo meis saxelobis kvlevisa da
swavlebis centrSi muSaobisas, b-n stenli kripneris TaosnobiT, mraval saintereso geStalt Terapiul jgufTan
momiwia TanamSromloba.
es gamocdileba vecade srulad amesaxa am wignSi.
geStalt Terapia marTlac gamoirCeva sxva fsiqoTerapiuli mimdinareobebisagan. mas Rrma da saintereso
Teoriuli bazisi aqvs; enaTesaveba ZiriTad fsiqoTerapiul modelebs, gaaCnia originaluri teqnika. rac mTavaria,
is lakonuria da efeqturi. fsiqoanalizisgan gansxvavebiT ar moiTxovs did dros, swored amis gamoa geStalt
Terapia gansakuTrebiT popularuli dasavleTSi, sadac yoveli wuTi gansazRvruli da limitirebulia.

Sesavali

yvela saxis fsiqoTerapia zegavlenaa, magram yovelgvari zegavlena ar aris fsiqoTerapia.

d. n.

geStalt Terapia mkurnalobis saSualebaa, romelic gascda samedicino sazRvrebs, mimarTulia pirovnuli
ganviTarebisa da zrdis procesze. am mxriv, is mecnierebis, medicinis, filosofiis monacemebze dgas. amasTan
geStalt Terapia xelovnebis sferos ganekuTvneba. fsiqoTerapevtis SemoqmedebiTi midgoma aucilebelia
klientis warmatebuli mkurnalobisaTvis.
am wignis meSveobiT gaecnobiT geStalt Terapiuli mkurnalobis miznebs, amocanebs, mraval niuanss, rac
axasiaTebs am midgomas. fokusSi movaqcevT problemebs, romlis dasaZlevadac momarTulia geStalt Terapia.
bevr adamians Cvens realobaSi, iseve rogorc cnobil literaturul personaJebs, mixeil javaxiSvilis Teimuraz
xevisTavs, iuri gonCarovis oblomovs, alber kamius `ucxos~ da mravals, romelTac dRevandelobasTan
kontaqtis unari ar aRmoaCndaT da Sedegad msxverplad iqcnen. maT dakarges sakuTari Tavis mTlianoba im
realobasTan mimarTebaSi, romelSiac cxovroben. geStalt Terapia momarTulia arsebul realobaSi
4
TavisTavadobis, mTlianobis misaRwevad, im mTlianobis, romelic gaaCnia yovel cocxals, romelic organulad
arsebobs samyaroSi. warmatebuli geStalt Terapiis Semdgomi pirovnuli integracia ganapirobebs sakuTar
TavTan Tavsebadobas, romelic Tandayolili aqvs bavSvs im bunebriv harmoniul garemocvaSi, romelSiac mas
uxaria arseboba. pirovnebis, anu `me~-s gaucxoveba, dakargva, daSla amis sapirispirod `me~-s
TavisTavadoba, autentoba, mTlianoba aris geStalt Terapiuli mkurnalobis mizani da ZiriTadi magistraluri xazi.
geStalt Terapiuli msoflmxedvelobis mixedviT, Tu `me~ daSlili, dakarguli da araintergrirebulia, maSin
aseTi adamianisTvis samyaro kargavs momxibvlelobas da mniSvnelobas. sapirispirod `me~-s mTlianoba _
integrirebuloba badebs samyarosadmi interessa da sicocxlis sazriss. geStalt Terapia, rogorc egzistencialuri
Terapiuli mimdinareoba adamianSi swored sicocxlis gancdas afasebs, xolo darRvevad am impulsebis mizanSi
ver amoRebasa da fokusSi ver moqcevad miiCnevs. sakuTar TavTan da gare realobasTan kontaqtSi ver myofi
adamiani izolaciaSia moqceuli, misTvis gaugebari, uintereso da umniSvneloa is, rac sasicocxlod stimulis
momcemi iqneboda, rom ara e. w. damcavi meqanizmebi, barierebi. paradoqsuli isaa, rom am fsiqologiuri
barierebis warmoqmnas gaucnobiereblad Tavad adamiani axdens, rac ukontaqtobad da gaucxoebad ubrundeba.
gaucnobierebeli daSlili araintegrirebuli `me~ sicocxlisa da sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdeg moqmedebs. geStalt
Terapiis mizania adamianma energia sakuTar Tavsa da gare realobasTan kontaqts, sakuTari Tavis
integrirebasa da pirovnul zrdas moaxmaros.
ramdenad niSandoblivi da simptomuria mTlianoba dakarguli pirovneba Cvens droSi? eqspertebis azriT da
pacientTa Civilidan gamomdinare es problema mniSvnelovania dRevandel sazogadoebaSi. pirovnebis `me~-s
gaucxovebis, daSlilobis, dakargvis simptomatika gansakuTrebulad XIX-XX saukuneebis sazogadoebis
maxasiaTebelia da XXI saukunis adamianis erT-erT umTavres satkivarsac warmoadgens.
geStalt Terapiis Camoyalibeba da ganviTareba

natura sanad, medicus curad morbos

avadmyofobas mkurnalobs eqimi, xolo gankurnavs buneba.
(eqimma Zvali Zvals unda miados, buneba Zvals Zvalze Seaxorcebs).

sityva geStalti germanuli sityvaa da aRniSnavs mTels. aseve ixmareba formis, integraciis, konfiguraciis
azriT. geStalt TerapiaSi am termins swored pirovnebis gamTlianebis mniSvneloba eniWeba.
am fsiqoTerapiul mimdinareobas safuZveli XX saukunis 40-ian wlebSi Caeyara, misi fuZemdebeli fridrix
solomon perlsia (1893-1970), romlis Teoriulma naSromebma, xolo SemdgomSi Zalze popularulma jgufur-
fsiqoTerapiulma Treningebma dasabami misces axal Terapiul models. geStalt Terapiis ganviTarebaSi, Tumca
mraval pirovnebas miuZRvis wvlili, centralur figurad mainc fridrix (fric) perlsi rCeba, misi saxeli uSualod
asocirdeba geStalt TerapiasTan.
miuxedavad imisa, rom geStalt Terapia originaluri modelia, mis CamoyalibebaSi mravalma
mimdinareobam iqonia zegavlena. maT Sorisaa fsiqoanalizi. Tavad perlsi am mimdinareobas xangrZlivi drois
ganmavlobaSi swavlobda, Semdeg ki fsiqoanalitikuri praqtikiT iyo dakavebuli, aRniSnul periodSi froidis
garda, masze didi gavlena iqonia vilhelm raixis Sexedulebebma e. w. winaaRmdegobis Teoriam,
gansakuTrebiT nevrotul procesSi sxeulis CarTulobam, aseve zogadad bioenergetikam.
perlsze didi gavlena iqonia geStalt fsiqologiam, kerZod personis mTlianobisa da figura-fonis idea swored
am germanuli zogadfsiqologiuri koncefciidanaa nasesxebi, romelic verthaimeris, keleris, goldSteinis, levinis
naSromebSia gadmocemuli. zogadfsiqologiuri gaxda idea, rom mTels axasiaTebs niSan-Tvisebebi, romlebic
mis nawilebSi ar moiZebneba; es Sexeduleba geStalt fsiqologiuri Teoriidanaa aRebuli da fsiqoTerapiaSi
realizirebuli.

5
 geStalt Terapiis Camoyalibeba-ganviTarebaze didi gavlena iqonia egzistencializmma. miuxedavad imisa,
rom am mimdinareobas bevri aqvs saerTo fsiqoanalizTan, da rig saxelmZRvaneloebSi, is fsiqoanalizis
saxesxvaobadaa moxseniebuli, adamianis bunebasa da yofierebis gancda axsnis TvalsazrisiT, awmyoze
orientaciiT; aq, axla da amJamad arsebobis realizaciiT es fsiqoTerapiuli modeli egzistencialur
mimdinareobaTa Soris ewereba.
aSkaraa naTesavoba iseTi egzistencialistebTan rogorebicaa: bosi, binsvangeri, haidegeri, maslou. perlsi
Tavis avtobiografiaSi ixsenebs kurt goldSteins, maslous, romelTa SemoqmedebaSic man yuradReba miaqcia
TviTaqtualizaciis cnebas. amasTan dakavSirebiT perlsi moixseniebs hertruda stains da mis naSroms `vardi aris
vardi~, romelSiac arsebobis da TviTrealizaciis egzistencialuri msoflmxedvelobaa warmoCenili.
Tanamedrove fsiqoTerapiaSi egzistencialuri msoflmxedvelobis sami msxvili mimarTulebaa. esenia:
geStalt Terapia, franklis-logoTerapia da binsvangeris egzistencialuri analizi. maSin, rodesac fric perlsi Tavis
fsiqoTerapiul mimarTulebas saxels arqmevda misi meuRle lora perlsi, romelic aqtiurad monawileobda am
procesSi kategoriulad uaryofda geStalt Terapiis saxels da momxre iyo dasaxelebaSi sityva `egzistencialuri~
rom yofiliyo. am sayvedurSi udaod bevria racionaluri. mravalTa azriT geStalt Terapiis kavSiri geStalt
fsiqologiasTan formaluria, da igi mTlianad egzistencializmis suliTa da paTosiTaa gaJRenTili. Tumca Tavad
perlsi geStaltis paradigmis, adamianis bunebis holisturad gagebis momxre iyo, rac Terapiuli modelis
dasaxelebaSic aisaxa.
rogorc perlsis Tanaavtorebi da kolegebi ralf heferlini da paul gudmani amboben, rom cxovrebaSi arsebobs
specifikuri `geStalturi ganwyobebi~, isini jer kidev aRmosavlur moZRvrebebSia aRwerili. geStalt Terapiis
Camoyalibebaze mniSvnelovani gavlena iqonia Zen budizmmac. adamianis bunebis srulyofa-ganviTareba,
sakuTari substanciis wvdoma da samyarosTan harmonizaciis ideebi Zveli indur-Cinuri moZRvrebidan
momdinareobs. Tavad perlsic am zemoqmedebis ZaliT berlineli saTvaliani akademiuri mecnieri, sibereSi TeTr
xalaTian indoel, wverian, momRimari moxucis garegnobis gurud gardaiqmna.
miuxedavad imisa, rom geStalt Terapiam amdeni gansxvavebuli mimarTulebis gavlena ganicada, igi
mkafio individualobis erT sistemad Sekrul fsiqoTerapiul models warmoadgens. geStalt Terapia dResac
icvleba, viTardeba. dRevandeli mimdevrebi mas Tanamedrove saxes, iers aZleven, gamoyenebis axal
horizontze gahyavT.
miuxedavad imisa, rom geStalt TerapiaSi mravali gamoCenili warmomadgenelia: ralf haferlini, paul
gudmeni, irvin da miriam polsterebi, klaudio naranho, jeri a. grinuoldi, jon b. enraiti, lora perlsi da sxvani,
romlebic mravali saintereso naSromis avtorni arian, mainc gansxvavebuli da unikaluria am fsiqoTerapiuli
modelis CamoyalibebaSi fric perlsis wvlili.
fridrix solomon perlsi daibada berlinSi 1893 wels saSualo SeZlebis ebraul ojaxSi. misi mSoblebi
germaniaSi asimilirebuli ebraelebi ar iyvnen orTodoqsi morwmune iudevelebi. fric perlsis mowodeba
Semoqmedeba da mecniereba iyo, amas ekava centraluri adgili cxovrebaSi. fricma samedicino ganaTleba
germaniaSi miiRo, da sadoqtoro disertacia frankfurtis universitetSi daicva. 1926 wels perlsi gaxda gamoCenili
geStalt fsiqologis kurt golSteinis asistenti. amave dros igi interesdeba fsiqoanaliziT. evropaSi am dros
fsiqoanalizis bumia. igi karen hornisTan, oto fenixelTan erTad vilhelm raixis xelmZRvanelobiT gadis analizis
kurss. am periodSi perlsi warmatebuli fsiqoanalitikosi praqtikosia. zigmund froidi misi erT-erTi mTavari
avtoriteti da kerpia. rogorc bunebiT skeptikoss, mas dauswreblad mudmivi Ria da faruli kamaTi aqvs froidis
moZRvrebasTan. rogorc aramorwmune ebraels perlsisave TqmiT, fsiqoanalizma masTan rwmenis funqcia da
adgili daikava. es niSandoblivi iyo ara marto misTvis, aramed evropel fsiqoanalitikosTa mTeli pleadisTvis.
30-ian wlebSi evropaSi apokalifsur-katastrofuli movlenebi xdeba. germaniaSi xelisuflebis saTaveSi nacional-
socialistebi modian. am droisTvis perlsi daojaxda, misi meuRle momavalSi cnobili geStaltTerapevti lora

6
perlsia. perlsi dadebiTad afasebda mis droul gadawyvetilebas, emigrirebis Taobaze. rogorc eTniur ebraels, mas
germaniaSi sakoncentracio banaki da sikvdili eloda. igi ojaxTan erTad avejiTa da biblioTekiT jer holandiaSi,
xolo Semdeg froidis Tanamoazrisa da biografistis ernest jonsis TaosnobiT, romelic ebrael fsiqoanalitikosebs
mzrunvelobda 1934 wels samxreT afrikaSi gadasaxlda. igi iohanesburgSi meuRlesTan erTad fsiqoanalitikuri
praqtikiT iyo dakavebuli.
1936 wels perlsma miiRo miwveva saerTaSoriso fsiqoanalitikur kongresze, romelic CexoslovakiaSi
gaimarTa. mas eswreboda froidi da mTeli fsiqoanalitikuri kohorta. perlsi anTebuli iyo JiniT ekamaTa da
daemarcxebina froidi diskusiaSi. misi TqmiT es gaRmerTebisa da Tayvaniscemidan momdinareobda, romelic
metris mimarT gaaCnda. perlsi ise iyo SemarTuli moxsenebis wasakiTxad, rom samxreT afrikidan evropaSi
saWesTan sakuTari TviTmfrinaviT apirebda Cafrenas, rogorc pirveli fsiqoanalitikosi mfrinavi. sabolood es
natvra mas ar auxda da evropaSi gemiT Cavida. perlsi imedgacruebuli darCa froidTan SexvedriTac, romelTanac
mxolod oTxi wuTi moaxerxa zereled urTierToba.
maSin, rodesac evropaSi omi iyo gaCaRebuli, perlsis samxreT afrikuli cxovreba idiliad gamoiyureboda. igi
50 wuTs pacientebTan seansebs atarebs. eufleba TviTmfrinaviT frenas da marto mogzaurobs afrikisa da indoeTis
okeaneSi. perlsma gaxsna samxreT afrikis fsiqoanalizuri instituti. feSeneblur raionSi aiSena saxli kortebiT,
auziT, momsaxure personaliT. mas yinulis sasrialo moedanic ki hqonda. es is droa, rodesac samxreT afrikaSi
apartaidis kanonebia da evropeli, Savkanianisgan yovelmxriv gancalkevebuli da privilegirebulia, maT erT saxlSi
ar sZinavT, sxvadasxva tualeti da TavSeyris adgilebi aqvT.
aqve iwereba perlsis naSromi, `ego SimSili da agresia~, romelic pirvel gamocemaSi atarebda saxels
`froidis Teoriisa da meTodis gadafaseba~, xolo meore gamocemaSi moinaTla, rogorc `geStalt Terapiis
Sesavali~.
perlsi zustad ixsenebs im moments, rodesac fsiqoanalizTan kavSiris gawyveta ganizraxa. es misi TqmiT
moxda keipthaunSi, berZeni princesa maria bonapartesTan saubrisas, romelic froidis axlobeli da Tanamoazre
iyo. masTan saubarSi perlsma gaakritika froidis libidos Teoria, romelic misi TqmiT ufro rwmenis sakiTxi iyo,
vidre mecnierebis. SemdgomSi perlsi seqsualur instinqts, geStalt TerapiaSi SimSilis instinqts Caanacvlebs.
miuxedavad amisa, perlsi oficialurad kavSirs ar wyvets fsiqoanalizur asociaciasTan.
1946 wels perlsi sacxovreblad da samuSaod SeerTebul StatebSi gadadis. is moRvaweobs niu-iorkSi, los-
anJelesSi, san-franciskoSi. ZiriTad mas yofna kaliforniaSi uwevs, izelenSi, sadac aswavlis da cxovrobs.
paralelurad mogzaurobs iaponiaSi, sadac Zenis sibrZnes eufleba. amerikaSi igi komunebSi, sakmaod
Tavisufali cxovrebiT cxovrobs, sadac jgufuri TerapiebiT da pirovnul zrdaze orientirebuli procesebiTaa
dakavebuli.
1952 wels niu-iorkSi aarsebs geStalt instituts, romelic Zalzed popularuli xdeba. Tavad perlsi aRiarebuli
fsiqoTerapevtisa da brZeni gurus reputacias ixveWs, romlisTvisac ucxo araa Tavisufali seqsi da L.S.D-s
gamoyeneba. misi cxovreba da aRiarebis periodi emTxveva amerikaSi 50-60-iani wlebis axalgazrdul
gamosvlebs, seqsualur revolucias da hipur moZraobas. amgvari foni nayofieri aRmoCnda msoflioSi misi da
geStalt Terapiis popularizaciisaTvis. perls ar uyvarda wera, mas ekuTvnis mxolod ramodenime wigni, isic
sxvebTan TanaavtorobiT am wignebs misi konsultaciiT sxvebi werdnen. amave stilSi magnitofonis firze
Canawerebidanaa Seqmnili misi avtobiografiuli romanic, saxelad `nagvis yuTis SigniT da gareT~. misi stiqia
adamianebTan, jgufTan uSualo urTierToba iyo, rac video-seansebis saxiT mravalricxovan firebzea
aRbeWdili, igi aseve gatacebuli iyo mxatvrobiT.
perlsis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis bolo adgilsamyofeli kanadis vankuvernis kunZuli britaneTis
kolumbiaSi iyo, sadac man geStaltis sazogadoeba daaarsa. perlsi iqve gardaicvala 1970 wels,
samocdaTvrameti wlis asakSi.

7
 geStaltis buneba

garemo molekulebisgan Sedgeba, magram fizikur samyaros

Cven mTliani formebis, geStaltebis
saxiT aRviqvamT.

pirovnebis Teoriisa da fsiqoTerapiuli modelis arss, gansazRvravs Tu rogor esmis mas adamianis buneba.
imis gamo, rom geStalTTerapiaze gavlena mravalma orientaciam iqonia, pirovnebis gagebis miseuli xedva
gansxvavebuli msoflmxedvelobebis anareklia, miuxedavad amisa is mainc originaluri, araekleqturi fsiqoTerapiuli
mimdinareobaa.
perlsi Riad acxadebda, rom mas naklebad ainteresebs Teoriuli Sexedulebebi, misi yuradReba gadatanilia
adamianis arsebobis uSualod wvdomaze da moqmedis gamocdilebaze. miuxedavad amisa perlsis naazrevSi,
bevri ram swored filosofiuri da msoflmxedvelobrivia mniSvnelovani kiTxva, romelsac geStalt Terapevti
adamianis qcevis gasarkvevad svams aris kiTxva, Tu rogor da ara ratom, rogorc es fsiqoanalizSia. amiT
xazgasmulia adamianis Tavisuflebis xarisxi, rom pirovnebas sakuTar potencialze dayrdnobiT SeuZlia cvlilebis
Setana realobaSi.
perls ekuTvnis TeTr leqsad dawerili devizi, xumrobebiT e. w. `geStalt Terapevtis locva~, romelSiac
gadmocemulia adamianis damokidebuleba sakuTari Tavisa da realobisadmi.

`me es me var, Sen ki Sen xar.

me Cemsas vakeTeb, Sen ki Sensas.
me imisTvis ar vcxovrob am qveyanaze,
rom Sens melodiebs Sevesatyvisebode.
Sen imitom ar cxovrob am qveyanaze,
rom Cems molodinebs Seesatyvisebode.
Sen Sena xar, me ki me var.
Tu ki moxda aseTi ram, rom
Cven vipoveT erTmaneTi _ es mSvenieria
Tu ki ara, amas verafers uSveli~.
am teqstis filosofiuri azri araerTgvarovan interpretacias moiTxovs. masSi xazgasmulia, rom pirovnebam
sakuTari Tavi TviTon unda gaacnobieros da sakuTar sicocxleze pasuxismgeblobac Tavad unda aiRos. es
erTgvari protesti da pasuxia im zewolaze, romelic xorcieldeba kulturis, religiis, sazogadoebis, politikis, masis,
ojaxis mxridan.
amave dros masSi naCvenebia urTierTobis, kontaqtis mniSvneloba da specifika. Tu ramdenad didi
cvlilebis, STabeWdilebis momtania Rrma kontaqtis mqone urTierTxedva. meore mxriv, ramdenad
damTrgunveli da damangrevelia Tavsmoxveuli, iZulebiTi damokidebulebani, romelTa mniSvnelobis
gamarTlebasac axdens totalitaruli, aratolerantuli sazogadoeba.
teqstSi naCvenebia pasuxismgeblobis mniSvneloba, sicocxlis, sakuTari Tavis, da samyarosTan
urTierTobaSi. is arsebobis sazriss badebs da pirovnuli zrdisa da ganviTarebis safuZvelia.
geStalt Terapiis koncefcia adamianis holistur gagebas eyrdnoba. misTvis miuRebelia adamianis
danawevrebiTi Seswavla rogorc gonebis-organizmis, sulis-sxeulis, grZnoba-azrovnebis, nebeloba-
moqmedebis. holisturi midgoma uaryofs rogorc dualizms, ise mTelisa da misi nawilebis meqanikuri jamis

8
tolobas. sxeuli, goneba da suli mTliani organizmis aspeqtebia. geStalt Terapia efuZneba verthaimeris
formulirebas:
`arsebobs mTeli, romlis qceva ar ganisazRvreba misi calkeuli elementebiT, aseTi mTelis nawilSi
mimdinare procesebi Tavadaa gansazRvruli mTelis Sinagani bunebiT. adamiani erTiani organizmia da is
yovelTvis funqcionirebs, rogorc mTeli. ar arsebobs me, romelsac aqvs suli, sxeuli da goneba. amis sanacvlod
arsebobs me, rogorc organizebuli mTeli. janmrTeli organizmi aris arseba, romelic grZnobs, azrovnebs,
moqmedebs. emociebs azrovnebiTi, moqmedebiTi, fiziologiuri, grZnobiTi aspeqtebi gaaCnia. mentaluri
aqtivoba mTliani pirovnebis aqtivobaa, romelic energetikis ufro dabal doneze mimdinareobs, vidre egreT
wodebuli fizikuri aqtivoba. adamianis qcevis mentaluri da fizikuri mxareebi ar warmoadgens
urTierTdamoukidebel mocemulobas, romelsac SeuZlia arseboba erTmaneTisagan an adamianisagan
mowyvetiT~.
geStalt fsiqologebma Tavis droze aRweres mravali magaliTi, romelic mTelisa da nawilis mimarTebas
gansazRvravs. wertilebi cal-calked aRebuli furcelze mxolod wertilebia, magram maT Tu garkveuli
TanmimdevrobiT ganvalagebT, isini wres Seqmnian. TavisTavad wreSi arsebuli wertili mxolod wertilia,
magram am TanmimdevrobiT ganlagebulni erT mTlian geStaltad aRiqmebian, isini wres qmnian. wres
SeiZleba Cven garkveuli wertilebis raodenoba gamovakloT, movSaloT. miuxedavad amisa darCenili
raodenoba erT mTlian wred aRiqmeba, wred, romelsac wertilebis raRac nawili aklia. am SemTxvevaSi wre
axali formaa, wertilTa erTianobis maxasiaTebelia, romelic wertilSi, rogorc nawilSi ar arsebobs. anu mTlian
wres gaaCnia is, rac mis Semadgenel nawilSi ar arsebobs. arc erT calke aRebul wertilSi, romlisganac wre
Sedgeba ar arsebobs wrisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ram.
igive SeiZleba iTqvas finjani yavisa da misi Semadgeneli nivTierebebis Sesaxeb, romelsac diliT
mivirTmevT. sasmeli romlis komponentebicaa yava, rZe da Saqari xasiaTdeba gemoTi, romelic arc yavaSia
calke, arc rZeSi da arc SaqarSi. xolo maTi sinTezis Sedegad Tvisobrivad axali ram miiReba, romelic arc erT
Semadgeneli nawilis gemoze ar daiyvaneba. am produqtebis sinTeziT miRebuli geStalti, axali mTlianobaa,
romelic metia, vidre misi nawilebi an maTi gemos meqanikuri jami.
geStalt Terapiis Camoyalibebaze gavlena iqonia perlsis Tanamedrovis filosofos zignumd fraidlanderis
naazrevma, romelic gadmocemulia naSromSi `SemoqmedebiTi indiferentoba~. zemoTxsenebul naSromSi
gadmocemulia diferencirebuli azrovnebis cneba, rac dialeqtikur, anu sapirispiroTa urTierTmimarTebaSi
azrovnebas gulisxmobs. polaruli urTierTsapirispiro elementebi iwyeben arsebobas diferencirebuli nulovani
wertilidan gamodiferencirebis saxiT. yoveli movlena ukavSirdeba nulovan wertils, romlidanac isini
urTierTsapirispiro elementebad gamodiferencirdebian. maTTvis specifikur konteqstSi es urTierTsapirispiro
elementebi erTmaneTs izidaven. Tu pirovneba centrSi yofnisas cnobierebis sifxizles SeinarCunebs,
SesaZlebelia SemoqmedebiTi unaris meSveobiT, orive sapirispiro mxaris danaxva da dausrulebeli naxevrebis
dasruleba.
am dros SesaZlebelia movlenaTa aRqmis calmxrivad xedvis daZleva da organizmis struqturis, da
funqciebis Rrmad wvdoma.
am ideas budizmSic vxvdebiT urTierTsapirispiro ZalTa _ inisa da ianis erTianobis saxiT; sapirispiro
elementebi ufro mWidro kavSirSi imyofebian erTmaneTTan, vidre sxva elementebi. dapirispirebulTa saxiT
azrovneba adamianis organizmisTvis Rrmad Canergili, bunebrivi tendenciaa. sapirispiro elementebad
diferenciacia Cveni fsiqikis arsebiTi Tvisebaa.
sapirispiroTa zogadi cnebis konkretuli SemTxveva organizmuli balansis anu homeoptazis cnebaa, romlis
mixedviTac yovel organizms wonasworobisken swrafva axasiaTebs. is, Tu romeli moTxovnileba gaxdeba
dasakmayofilebeli ganisazRvreba misi SesabamisobiT organizmis TviTSenarCunebis moTxovnilebasTan da

9
sakuTari potencialis aqtualizaciis, anu zrdis moTxovnilebiT. geStalTTerapiis mixedviT yovel cocxal individs,
cxovels Tu mcenares erTi bazisuri Tandayolili ltolva gaaCnia, esaa sakuTari Tavis aqtualizaciis, zrdis
moTxovnileba, rac sakuTari arsis Sinagani bunebis potencialis gaSlas, ganxorcielebas gulisxmobs.
homeostazis mdgomareoba da wonasworobis aRdgena ase mimdinareobs. organizmi moTxovnilebas
ganicdis, ris gamoc kontaqts amyarebs garemosTan da ikmayofilebs moTxovnilebas garemodan energiis
asimilaciis meSveobiT. jansaR organizmSi mudmivad moqmedebs Semdegi cikli: organizmSi raimes deficiti
aRZravs moTxovnilebas, moTxovnileba iwvevs uwonasworobas, uwonasworoba iwvevs deficitis Semavsebeli
sagnis gare realobaSi Ziebas, saWiro sagani realobis fonidan moTxovnilebis ZaliT figurad
gamodiferencirdeba. figurasTan agresiuli kontaqti asimilaciis gziT moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas iZleva. es
ganapirobebs wonasworobis aRdgenas. cxovreba sxva araferia Tu ara dausrulebeli situaciebis anu arasruli
geStaltebis usasrulo raodenoba. rogorc ki erTi situacia dasruldeba, maSinve axali situacia iCens Tavs. jansaRi
individi warmatebiT daasrulebs TiToeul situacias, daasrulebs TiToeul arasrul geStalts da am procesSi pirovnul
zrdas ganicdis.
perlsi, gansakuTrebiT adreul naSromebSi pirovnebis formirebaSi did yuradRebas aqcevda instinqtebis
rols. froidma Tavis TeoriaSi didi roli mianiWa seqsualur instinqts, xolo misi Teoriis ganviTarebis meore
etaspze sikvdilis instinqtebi sicocxlisa da sikvdilis instinqtis dapirispirebuli arian. froidma moaxdina
pirovnebis seqsualuri ganviTarebis klasifikacia, romlis SeferxebebiT Tu harmoniulad gavlac gansazRvravs
adamianis pirovnul saxes. perlsma gaiziara seqsualuri instinqtis aqtualoba, magram Tavis mxriv gamohyo da
mniSvnelovneba mianiWa SimSilis instinqts. SimSilis instinqti moicavs prenetalur _ dabadebamdel stadias,
ZuZumwovara bavSvis winadentalur stadias, kbilebis amosvlis stadias, rodesac viTardeba kbenis unari, da
molarul stadias, rodesac viTardeba kbeCis da ReWvis unarebi. aRniSnuli stadiebi, seqsualuri stadiebis
msgavsad, maTi bunebrivi Tu anomaliuri ganviTarebis codna informacias gvaZlevs, Tu rogoria formirebadi
pirovneba. SimSilis instinqtis stadiebi pirovnebis fsiqologiur niSnebs gansazRvravs. magaliTad, 1.
winadentaluri stadia _ mouTmenlobas; 2. kbilis amosvlis stadia _ destruqciasa da agresias; 3. molaruli stadia _
asimilacias. Sedegad, SimSilis instinqti gansazRvravs adamianis xasiaTs. geStalt TerapiaSi arsebobs specialuri
varjiSebi, romelic SimSilis instinqtis ganviTarebis stadiebSi arsebuli darRvevebis aRmosafxvreladaa
mimarTuli.
geStalt Terapia yuradRebis Tavdacvisa da agresiis procesebzea gamaxvilebuli. Tavdacva sakuTari Tavis
gadarCenisTvis ganxorcielebuli instinqturi aqtivobaa. cocxal samyaroSi Tavdacvis mravali gamovlineba
arsebobs. cxovelis niJara, javSani, Tavdacvis meqanikuri formaa. gaqceva dinamiur-motoruli formaa, gvelis
Sxami sekretuli formaa, mtris moaxloebis ynosviTi SegrZneba Tavdacvis sensoruli gamovlinebaa. Tavdacvis
msgavsad, agresiac mniSvnelovani biologiuri funqciaa. misi saSualebiT organizmi garemosTan kontaqts
amyarebs, raTa sakuTari moTxovnilebebi daikmayofilos, gadalaxos is siZneleebi, romelic am procesSi
eRobeba. janmrTeli agresiis mizani destruqcia araa, igi winaaRmdegobaTa ZalisxmeviT gadalaxvas
emsaxureba. xeze arsebuli vaSlis dasaufleblad adamianma geStalt Terapiuli TvalsazrisiT agresia unda
gamoavlinos, rom Secvalos arsebuli viTareba da nayofi SimSilis moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad moipovos,
rom ara es agresiuli aqtivoba situacia ar Seicvleba, vaSli xeze darCeba. kbilebi adamianis agresiis biologiuri
gamovlinebaa. kbeCa da ReWva oraluri agresiis saxeebia, romliTac sakvebi produqtis struqturis meqanikuri
daSla xdeba da misaRebi formiT gadamuSavdeba. es procesi SimSilis moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas
emsaxureba. geStalt Terapia Tanamedrove sazogadoebas aseT diagnozs usvams, adamianebi itanjebian erTis
mxriv, individualuri agresiis ver gamoxatvis gamo, misgan ver ganTavisufleba nevrozul problemebs iwvevs;
meores mxriv, adamianebi sxvebTan erTad koleqtiur agresiaSi arian CaTreulebi; rac aseve damTrgunvelia
maTTvis. froidis azriT, agresiis sublimacia SesaZlebelia sportSi, SemoqmedebaSi, fizikur aqtivobaSi. geStalt

10
Terapiis mixedviT dentaluri agresia ramodenime pozitiur mizans emsaxureba. am dros adamiani Tavisufldeba
nevrotuli gaRizianebisagan. ar itanjeba SimSiliTa da ugunebobiT. icis, rom raRac kargi gaakeTa Tavisi
janmrTelobisaTvis.

geStalti, figura da foni

rac ufro bnelia Rame,

miT ufro kaSkaSeben varskvlavebi.
inglisuri gamoTqma

geStalt Terapia xuT ZiriTad Teoriul postulats aerTianebs. esenia: figurisa da fonis mimarTeba, awmyos
gacnobiereba da masze koncentrireba, urTierTsapirispiroTa erTianoba, dacviTi funqciebi, momwifeba da
pasuxismgebloba. geStalt fsiqologebi Seiswavlian ra aRqmis process, mividnen daskvnamde, rom es procesi
isea struqtuirebuli da regulirebuli, rom kanons eqvemdebareba. kerZod, adamianis aRqma isea organizebuli,
rom yvelaze mniSvnelovani sensoruli informacia garkveuli mimarTulebiT iyris Tavs, rac aRqmis velSi figuras
qmnis, romelic gamoiyofa danarCeni aRqmis velisgan, e. w. fonisgan, romelic meore, ukana plans
warmoadgens. es principi erTnairad moqmedebs, vizualur, akustikur, kinesTetikuri aRqmis yvela sferoSi,
sadac mkafiod gamoiyofa erTi mxriv figura, xolo meores mxriv foni.
geStalt Terapiis mixedviT adamiani moqmedebs TviTregulaciis principiT, romelSic aqtualuri,
mniSvnelovani moTxovnilebebi aRqmis velSi figurad iqcevian, moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebis Semdeg
aRniSnuli obieqtebi, figuris statuss kargaven da fonSi eqcevian, xolo maT adgils axali aqtualuri
moTxovnilebis mqone figura ikavebs. am Teoriis mixedviT, adamiani cxovrebaSi saWiro figurebze axdens
koncentracias, romlis miRma garkveuli fonia. igi araaqtualur Sinaarsebs moicavs. maT aRmqmeli
moTxovnilebidan gamomdinare `acocxlebs~, figurad gardaqmnis. Sedegad, masTan kontaqtiT moTxovnilebas
ikmayofilebs.
rogorc ki moTxovnileba dakmayofildeba, geStalti dasruldeba, figura kargavs mimzidvelobas, igi
ubrundeba fons da adgils uTmobs axal figuras. geStaltis formirebisa da dasrulebis ritmi gansazRvravs
adamianis normalurad bunebriv funqcionirebas, TviTregulacias.
figuras, miuxedavad modalobisa romelSiac igi aRiqmeba axasiaTebs, forma, reliefuroba, romelic ipyrobs
yuradRebas. SesaZlebelia misi dakvirveba da Seswavla im sazRvrebSi, romelic gamohyofs mas fonisagan.
`figura arsebobs, aRiqmeba im farglebSi, romliTac is gamoiyofa danarCeni fonisgan. figuras,
moTxovnilebisgan gamomdinare gaaCnia garkveuli `magnitizmi~, riTac is izidavs, aRmqmels. foni am
mizidvis unariT ar gamoirCeva, is figurisgan gansxvavebiT araaqtualur pasiur Sinaarsebs Seicavs, romelic
yuradRebis fokusis miRma rCeba.
mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebeli, rac aRqmul obieqts axasiaTebs es `figuris dasrulebisken swrafva~.
aRmqmeli, rogorc aRmoCnda, astruqturebs, akoreqtirebs figuras, avsebs mis nakls. ase magaliTad, wertilebi
erTad garkveul mwkrivSi aRiqmeba wred, miuxedavad imisa, rom maTi erToblioba wres ar warmoadgens,
aRqma Tavad asrulebs am daumTavrebel geStalts.
es erTgvari aRqmis refleqsia, xSirad cxovrebis realoba ar emTxveva im dasrulebul geStalts, romelic
Cveni ganwyobebidan gamomdinare arasworad, magram dasrulebulad aRiqmeba. es efeqti geStaltis dasrulebis
kanonzomierebidan gamomdinareobs.
geStalt Terapevti fsiqoTerapiis dros did yuradRebas aqcevs klientSi figura-fonis urTierTmonacvleobis
process, rogorc problemis diagnozis, ise misi aRmofxvris TvalsazrisiT. adamianebs problemebi uCndebaT,

11
rogorc figuraze saTanadod ver koncentrirebis gamo, aseve imisda mixedviT, Tu ra foni aqvT figuris miRma.
am problemas Cven SemdgomSi ganvixilavT.
magaliTad, erTi da igive realobaSi gansxvavebuli gamocdilebis mqone adamiani sxvadasxvagvarad
moiqceva. sikeTis gamovlenas advilad SeZlebs humanuri Rirebulebis fonis mqone da Znelad adamiani,
romelsac sadisturi Sinaarsebi aqvs Tavis gamocdilebis fonSi. es imitom, rom garkveuli figura swored fonidan
SeiZleba amotivtivdes da gamoikveTos.
fons Tavis mxriv aRzrda-ganaTlebis procesSi qmnis cxovrebiseuli orientirebi, religia, filosofia, morali,
faseulobani. amiTaa gamowveuli da gamarTlebuli, rodesac aRzrdis procesSi bavSvs vaswavliT xelovnebas,
kulturas, mecnierebas, enebs, sportis saxeobebs. es yvelaferi saboloo jamSi misi pirovnebis fons gansazRvravs,
cxovrebiseul epizodebSi yoveldRiurobaSi garkveuli Sinaarsebi figurad iqceva. Tu adamians mdidari, kargad
organizebuli foni aqvs mas uadvildeba sasurveli qceva da garemosTan kontaqti, gansxvavebiT maTgan, visac
mwiri, Raribi, an araorganizebuli foni aqvs. am TvalsazrisiT, warsuli gamocdileba, anu foni gansazRvravs
`axla da aq~ garkveul figurasTan ra kontaqti ganxorcieldeba da ra vera.
aseve mniSvnelovani yuradRebamisaqcevi movlenaa daumTavrebeli geStalti. rac igive daumTavrebeli
saqmea. aRniSnul fenomenze saintereso gamokvleva aqvs Catarebuli kurt levins. am efeqts, levinis mowafis
sapativcemulod zeigarnikis efeqtsac uwodeben.
levinis es eqsperimentebi yofiT situaciebSi tardeboda, romlis Sedegebic aseTi iyo. oficiantebs
miuxedavad drois intervalis sididisa kargad axsovdaT klientis gadasaxdeli Tanxa manamde, sanam is am
Tanxas gadaixdida, xolo am faqtis moxdenis Semdeg isini veRar ixsenebdnen gadasaxdeli Tanxis odenobas.
igive xdeboda sastumros SveicarebTan. maT kargad axsovdaT klientis sacxovrebeli oTaxis nomeri, sanam
isini daqiravebul saxlSi cxovrobdnen, magram fulis gadaxdisa da oTaxis gaTavisuflebis Semdeg dakavebuli
oTaxis nomeri aviwydebodaT. geStalt Terapiis enaze rom vTqvaT adamianebs Sinaarsebi kargad axsovT,
sanam geStalti dasruldeba, xolo dasrulebis Semdeg advilad aviwydebaT, radgan maTTvis axali geStaltis
Sinaarsi gaxda aqtualuri da mniSvnelovani.
arsebobs mravali faqti, rodesac aRniSnuli efeqti adamianebs gadaulaxav problemebs uqmnis da saWiro
xdeba fsiqoTerapiuli daxmarebac ki. magaliTad, rodesac mniSvnelovani moTxovnilebebi daukmayofilebelia,
an qceva akrZalvis gamo Sua gzaSi Sewyvetilia. amis mizezia daumTavrebeli pirovnulad mniSvnelovani
geStaltia.
am dros ori mZafri problema iCens xolme Tavs. erTi gamoixateba akviatebaSi, romlis drosac erTi da
igive figura `gaCxerilia~ fonSi. ar xdeba moTxovnilebisamebr figuris fonSi dabruneba da axali figuris
warmoqmna. meore problema gare situaciebidanaa gamomdinare. xSirad garemo isea organizebuli, rom
adamians ar eZleva saSualeba daasrulos moTxovnilebidan momdinare qceva. mas sul axal-axali problemebi
xvdeba gadasalaxi, ris gamoc daumTavrebeli qcevebi problemebs aCens. magaliTad, samsaxurSi gamouxatavi
emocia SeiZleba agresiad gamovlindes ojaxSi. xelmZRvanelis mimarT arTqmuli wyena gamoixateba ojaxis
wevrTan an SemTxveviT gamvlelTan.
foni is maragi, okeanea, romelic xels uwyobs an xels uSlis figuris formirebas. adamiani Tavad
aregulirebs, akoreqtirebs, cenzuras ukeTebs fonSi arsebul Sinaarss. fsiqoanalizma damajereblad aCvena, Tu
rogor warmoqmnian gandevnil aracnobier sferos cnobierebidan represirebuli Sinaarsebi.
geStalt Terapevti xSirad problemas awydeba im mxriv, rom klienti mis fonSi arsebuli moTxovnilebis
dasaregulireblad mniSvnelovan Sinaarsebis ingorirebas, gandevnas axdens, ris gamoc SeuZlebeli xdeba
kontaqtSi Sevides, fokusSi moaqcios cxovrebisaTvis mniSvnelovani obieqtebi. foni am dros gamouyenebelia,
is e. w. `xvrelebs~ moicavs, romlsi Sinaarsic individisTvis ucnobia. am dros geStalt Terapevtis amocanaa
gaacocxlos, TeTr laqad qceuli fonis nawili, individis cnobierebas daubrunos misi dafaruli, gandevnili Sinaarsi.

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 kontaqti

kontaqti ar aris mudmivi mdgomareoba, aramed garkveuli riTmiT obieqtTan Sexebisa da

daSorebis aqtivobaa.
lora perlsi

kontaqti, geStalt Terapiis yvelaze mniSvnelovani procesia. am fsiqoTerapiul models, sxvanairad

kontaqtze orientirebul midgomadac ganixilaven, romlis amocanaa adamianis ukontaqtobis mdgomareobis
gansazRvra, diagnozi, im mizniT, rom kontaqti aRdges. kontaqti niSnavs me-sa da ara `me~-s Soris
(romelSiac igulisxmeba sxva adamiani an obieqti), mimarTeba, romlis drosac `me~ ikmayofilebs
mniSvnelovan, saWiro, aqtualur moTxovnilebebs. Sedegad, `me~ izrdeba kontaqtiT miRebuli Sinaarsis
asimilirebiT.
pirovnebaTSorisi urTierTobis doneze rom ganvixiloT adamianis meore adamianTan urTierTobas ori
ukiduresoba emuqreba. erTia izolacia, rodesac adamiani kontaqts wyvets meoresTan, ganizidavs da amis gamo
verafris asimilirebas ver axerxebs. Tu adamians sWirdeba kontaqti, is ki ganizidavs meore adamians imis
magivrad, rom miizidos, kontaqtSi Sevides masTan, aseTi qceva stagnacias, pirovnul zrdaSi Seferxebas
iwvevs. amis sapirispiro situaciaa, rodesac erTi adamiani erwymis meores. am SemTxvevaSi adamiani kargavs
Tavis sazRvrebs, amitom kontaqtis magier iTqvifeba, ikargeba sxvis sazRvrebSi ise, rom maT Soris, rogorc
erTeulebSi kontaqti ar aris. amgvari Serwyma kontaqtsaa moklebuli, Sedegad ar xdeba saWiro asimilireba da
pirovnuli zrda. am or mdgomareobisgan gansxvavebiT, rodesac individi acnobierebs sakuTar Tavs da sxvas
mis sazRvrebs, SesaZlebloba aqvs sakuTari moTxovnilebidan gamomdinare miizidos an ganizidos sxva
subieqtebi, kontaqti daamyaros moTxovnilebis damakmayofilebel obieqtTan da moaxdinos misTvis saWiro
Sinaarsebis asimilacia. ase xdeba pirovnuli zrda kontaqtis meSveobiT.
kontaqti SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mxolod damoukidebel arsebebs, erTeulebs Soris, izolacia da Serwyma
yovelTvis xafangis Semcveli movlenaa kontaqtis gzaze.
rogoria bavSvis buneba kontaqtis unaris TvalsazrisiT? sanam bavSvi dedis mucelSia, igi ar aris fizikurad
damoukidebeli arseba, is dedis sxeulis gagrZelebaa, magram dabadeba da Wiplaris gadaWra mxolod fizikur
damoukideblobas aniWebs bavSvs; fsiqologiurad man bevri ram unda iswavlos, aiTvisos rom damoukidebloba
moipovos. miuxedavad amisa, Cvil bavSvs ukve aqvs gareSe obieqtebTan kontaqtis damyarebis Tandayolili
unari, rac moTxovnilebis dasakmayofilebel obieqtTan miaxloebaSi, mizidvaSi, xolo xeliSemSlel
obieqtebisgan ganzidvaSi, ganSorebaSi gamoixateba. janmrTeli organizmi kargad anxorcielebs kontaqts, anu
mizidva-ganzidvis aqts, ris Sedegadac garemos saWiro obieqtebis asimilacias axdens. nevrotiki ver
anxorcielebs garemosTan saWiro kontaqts, rac imaSi gamoixateba, rom imis magier, rom miizidos saWiro
obieqti, igi ganzidvas axdens da piriqiT, obieqti romelic ganzidvas moiTxovs miizideba, Sedegad
moTxovnilebebi, romlebic, dakmayofilebas saWiroebs daukmayofilebelia. amis gamo adamiani pirovnulad ar
izrdeba. stagnacia regress ganicdis.
rogorc aRvniSneT, srulfasovani kontaqti adamianisgan rogorc fizikurs, aseve fsiqologiur
damoukideblobas moiTxovs. fsiqologiuri damoukideblobis ar arsebobis aRmniSvnelia is faqti, rom
magaliTad, patara gogona samyaros dedis TvaliT uyurebs. misTvis ar aris damaxasiaTebeli gamoxatos
sakuTari moTxovnilebebi, azrebi; Tu ra miaCnia sasiamovnod, kargad, an cudad; misaRebad, an miuReblad.

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misi damokidebuleba imeorebs dedis qcevebs da ar Seesabameba sakuTar Tavs, es faqti SeiZleba
garemosTvis, sociumisTvis mosawoni da misaRebi iyos, magram miuRebelia Tavad pataras organizmisTvis,
misi pirovnuli mTlianobisTvis. Sedegad amgvari bavSvi gare realobasTan saWiro kontaqts ver axorcielebs. es
problema garkveul etapze Tu ar daiZlia da qronikulad gagrZelda Sedegebi SeiZleba fsiqologiur da fizikur
travmebSi gamoixatos.
kontaqti organizmis funqciaa, romelic garkveul mimarTebas gulisxmobs. is `me~-s sazRvarze xdeba da
moiTxovs erTis mxriv sakuTari `me~-s sazRvris gacnobiereba-gancdas, meores mxriv _ kontaqtSi Sesuli
obieqtis anu ara me-s sazRvris gancda-gacnobierebas. an imis, risi asimilirebac xdeba. kontaqtis amgvari aqtis
Sedegad is rac manamde me-s ar wamoadgenda me-s nawili xdeba. me, swored kontaqtis sazRvarze
acnobierebs sakuTar Tavs, sakuTar sazRvars da sxvas, rogorc am sazRvris iqiT myofs. kontaqtis gareSe Tavad
`me~-sTvis SeuZlebelia ganicados sakuTari Tavi sakuTar sazRvrebSi.
adamianis me-s sazRvrebis individualoba gansazRvravs mis cxovrebis wess, Tu ra tipis adamianebTan, ra
saxis urTierTobebia misTvis damaxasiaTebeli. adamianebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan, erTni Caketilni,
izolirebulni arian sakuTar sazRvrebSi, gaurbian sxvis sazRvrebSi SeWras. meoreni mudmivad riskaven,
cdiloben gaafarTovon sakuTari sazRvrebi, kontaqtSi Sevidnen gare obieqtebTan. me-s sazRvris gafarToeba,
yovelTvis urTierTsapirispiro gancdasTanaa dakavSirebuli. erTis mxriv SiSTan, rom axlisken ltolvam ar
daazaralos gadaulaxavi siZneleebi ar Seuqmnas; xolo meores mxriv, me sazRvris gafarToveba acocxlebs
azarts, mxneobas aniWebs ufro Zliers, ufro metis SemZles xdis adamians, vidre is manamde iyo.
zogadad siaxle, sxvis sazRvrebTan kontaqti xSirad garemos mxardaWeras moklebulia. individis aqtivoba
da sazRvrebis gafarToeba jgufisgan, sociumisgan SeiZleba protests, ukmayofilebasac iwvevdes. amitom Tu
individi aseTi qcevisTvis garemosgan nebis darTvas elis, SesaZlebelia es man arc miiRos. pirovnuli zrda
`me~-s sazRvris gafarToeba, Tavisuflebis mopovebis process warmoadgens. is vinc fiqrobs, rom Tavisufleba
viRacam, garedan unda aCuqos, mianiWos, mwared cdeba; es procesi yovelTvis mZafr brZolasTanaa
dakavSirebuli. adamianma bolomde ar icis Tu riTi damTavrdeba procesi marcxiT Tu warmatebiT. am dros
individSi arsebuli motivacia, sakuTari Tavis rwmena udides rols TamaSobs.
srulfasovani funqcionirebisTvis, biologiuri da socialuri moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebisTvis adamians
esaWiroeba Rrma kontaqti, rogorc gare realobasTan, iseve sakuTar me-sTan. adamians ZaluZs me-s SigniT
Sinaarsebze koncentrirebis gacnobiereba. SeuZlia dakvirvebis subieqtic iyos da obieqtic. xSirad imisaTvis,
rom gare realobasTan sasurveli kontaqti damyardes, aucilebelia imis gacnobiereba, Tu ra moTxovnilebebi,
faseulobebi saWiroeben realizebas da mis safuZvelze gare realobaSi kontaqtebis Zebna.
socialuri adamiani did yuradRebas uTmobs pirovnebaTSoris kontaqtebs. cxovrebis komfortulad mowyoba,
faseuli, mniSvnelovani kontaqtebis organizebas gulisxmobs.
rogorc aRvniSneT, garemosTan kontaqti me-s sazRvarze ganicdeba da xorcieldeba. pirovneba, romelic
garkveul sazRvrebSi moiazreba SeiZleba aRvweroT, rogorc sxeulis sazRvrebi, faseulobaTa sazRvrebi, Cveuli
gamovlinebis sazRvrebi. mokled SevexoT TiToeul maTgans.
Cveni sxeulis sazRvrebi moicavs organizms kanis zedapirs, sxeulis organoebs, idealSi Cven kargad unda
vgrZnobdeT sxeulis TiToeul nawils, mis SegrZnebebs, isini unda aisaxebodnen, Cven unda vakontrolebdeT,
warvmarTavdeT sxeulis moZraobas. Cveni sxeuli garemosTan urTierTobis daxvewil instruments unda
warmoadgendes. saubedurod es yovelTvis ase ar aris. bavSvobisdroidan moyolebuli akrZalvebi, cenzura,
dasja, Tavsmoxveuli normebi, crurwmenebi, es yvelaferi aucxoebs adamians Tavis sxeulTan. individualuri
Terapiuli muSaobis dros iSviaTi araa, imis dadgena, rom sxeulis mravali nawili cxovrebiseul situaciebSi
gaucxoebulia, ar SeigrZnoba. magaliTad, interpersonaluri urTierTobis dros qali ganicdis Tavis da saxis nawils,
xolo SegrZnebebi kisers qvemoT ignorirebulia. xSirad aseTi ram emarTeba seqsualur gancdebs. gaucxoebuli

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adamiani, aracnobierad Trgunaven sxeulSi mimdinare SegrZnebis gamoxatvas, radgan ojaxi, sociumi. amis
gamovlenisTvis ama Tu im formiT sjida mas. Sedegad adamiani qcevaSi kargavs fizikur mTlianobas, igi ise
gamoiyureba, TiTqos sxeulis calkeuli nawilebi mis kontrols ar eqvemdebareba. aseT dros geStalt Terapiuli
daxmareba gulisxobs adamianma gaacnobieros sxeulis `dakarguli~ nawilebi, rom isini kvlav integrirdes erT
mTelSi. es esaWiroeba maT, vinc ver ganicdis sxeulis sazRvrebs, uWirs realobasTan adeqvaturi kontaqti,
sasurveli moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba.
adamians aqvs faseulobaTa sazRvrebi. es Rirebulebebia, romelsac igi Tavisad miiCnevs. arian axalgazrdebi,
romlebic ganaTlebiT arian dainteresebulni, maTi interesTa sfero swavla saprogramo codniT Semoifargleba; did
yuradRebas ar uTmoben sports, megobrebs, sapirispiro sqesTan urTierTobas. amis sapirispirod, arian sxva
Rirebulebis mqone axalgazrdebi, romlebic ZiriTad dros quCaSi atareben, maT interess ara swavla-ganaTleba,
aramed cxovrebiseuli siamovneba, azartuli TamaSebi da narkotikebi warmoadgens. zogadad SeiZleba gamovyoT
maRali da dabali, biologiuri socialuri, kulturuli, esTetikuri, religiuri Rirebulebebi. miuxedavad amgvari
gradaciisa SeuZlebelia standartis gansazRvra Tu ra etalons unda Seesabamebodes adamianis faseulobebi. isini
individualuri da subieqturia, Tumca sazogadoebaSi arsebobs Sefasebis kriteriumebi Tu ra iTvleba saamayod da
ra gasakicxad.
zogadad, geStalt Terapia axdens sakuTari faseulobebis sazRvris gaSla-gafarToebis, maRal Rirebulebebze
orientaciis stimulirebas. Tumca mainc yvelaferi Tavad pirovnebis unarsa da talantzea damokidebuli.
arsebobs e.w. Cveuli qceviTi sazRvrebi. gamonaTqvami: `Cveuli jojoxeTi mirCevnia, miuCvevel
samoTxes~ _ swored adamianis am mijaWvulobaze metyvelebs.
jer kidev froidi `fsiqoanalitikur etiudebSi~ aRniSnavda specifikur rolsa da SiSs siaxlisadmi. adamianebi
ise iqcevian TavianTive Semovlebul demarkaciul sazRvrebSi, rom Tavisda uneburad sakuTari Tavis tyve
xdebian. amis gamo adamianebi atareben erTi da igive stilis fexsacmels, dasasveneblad dadian erTi da igive
adgilas, miirTmeven erTi da igive yaidis sakvebs. kargad ver acnobiereben rom amas mxolod miCvevis gamo
akeTeben da srulebiT ar moswonT is, rasac ase miejaWvnen, arada SesaZlebelia orientirebis Secvla,
gafarToeba. amiT `me~ bevr rames igebs, zrdis sakuTar sazRvrebs da viTardeba.
kontaqti da SegrZnebis modalobebi

yvelaze kargi surneli mas aqvs,

visac arafris surneli ara aqvs

`civilizaciis msxverpli~

rogor xorcieldeba kontaqti? SegrZnebis organoebis meSveobiT, Cven obieqtebTan, urTierTobaSi

SevdivarT. is rac kontaqts moaqvs moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba simbolurad sulis Cabervas SeiZleba
SevadaroT, romelic acocxlebs Cvens arsebas. sityva Sexeba kargad asaxavs im efeqts, rac kontaqts Tan axlavs.
gamonaTqvamSi xelovnebasTan Sexeba, bunebasTan Sexeba, sinamdvilesTan Sexeba, igulisxmeba am
sferoebTan kontaqtSi Sesvla. kontaqtis gancda CvenSi iwvevs efeqts, rom Cven raimes vexebiT, miuxedavad
imisa, Tu am dros ra SegrZnebis organoa moqmedebaSi, mzeriT veZebT obieqts, smeniT vexebiT, Tu raime
sxva SegrZnebis organoTi. SegrZnebis organoebi, obieqtTan kontaqtis mixedviT gansxvavdebian kontaqtur da
distantur modalobebad.
magaliTad, Tvali obieqtTan kontaqtSi Sedis, distanciaze ise rom obieqts uSualod ar exeba. amaSi sinaTlis
sxivi monawileobs, aseve xdeba yuriT kontaqti, rodesac obieqti uSualod ar exeba organos, aramed misgan
gamowveuli haeris vibracia aRwevs yurs. sxvagvardaa saqme ynosvisa da Sexebisas. ynosvis organoSi

15
uSualod obieqtis nawili xvdeba. Sexebisas sxeulis garkveuli nawili aseve uSualod exeba obieqts. igive xdeba
gemos gasinjvisas obieqtis uSualod piris receftorebTan kontaqti ganapirobebs amgvar SegrZnebebs. adamians,
iseve rogorc cxovels unari aqvs kontaqtSi Sevides obieqtTan sasococxlo moTxovnileba daikmayofilos. am
mxriv adamiani rom cxovelebs SevadaroT aRmoCndeba, rom cxovelebs SegrZnebis organoebi gacilebiT
kargad aqvT ganviTarebuli, isini ufro uSualo kontaqtSi arian garemosTan. rac ufro iWreba civilizacia
cxovrebaSi, Cven garemosTan ufro naklebi uSualo kontaqtis saSualeba gveZleva. Tuki adre adamiani xnavda,
Tesavda, imkida mosavals, uSualod exeboda miwas, mcenares, nayofs, masTan kontaqtSi Zabavda kunTebs
da xarjavda energias, axla civilizebul garemoSi mas mxolod teqnikur aparatTan jdoma uxdeba da TiTis pultze
daWera.
civilizacias Tavisi pliusebic aqvs da minusebic. pliusSi udaod is unda CaiTvalos, rom adamiani gacilebiT
did saqmes energiis naklebi xarjviT asrulebs, mas meti Tavisufali dro rCeba, rac potenciurad mravali
ramisTvis SeiZleba gamoiyenos. minusia adamianis cocxal bunebasTan gaucxoeba. garemos teqnologizaciis
gamo igi veRar xarjavs saWiro energias, kargavs garemosTan saWiro mimarTebebs, rac misi SesaZlo
nevrotizaciis mizezi xdeba.
rogorc avRniSneT, cxovelisgan gansxvavebiT civilizebul adamians atrofirebuli, daClungebuli aqvs
SegrZnebis modalobebi, mxedveloba, smena, ynosva, gemos SegrZneba; am viTarebaSi adamiani rogor
axerxebs, rom ufro warmatebuli iyos sakuTari moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebaSi, vidre cxoveli? adamians
cxovelTan mimarTebaSi gaaCnia udidesi upiratesoba. mas gaaCnia cnobiereba da maRalganviTarebuli
azrovneba, romlis saSualebiTac igi kontaqtSi Sedis garemosTan, advilad igebs sxvaTa azrs, logikas, rac
misTvis warmatebis momtania. gamonaTqvamSi: `me vazrovneb, ese igi varsebob~ kargadaa gadmocemuli
gonebis Zalis mniSvneloba. mecniereba, xelovneba, adamianis samyarosTan azrovnebis meSveobiT kontaqtis
gamomxatveli sferoebia. rac ufro kargad aqvs adamians ganviTarebuli azrovneba, miT ufro Rrma kavSirSia,
kontaqtSia igi sakuTar TavTan da gare realobasTan. rodenis skulptura `moazrovne~ kargad gamoxatavs im
kontaqts, romelic azrovnebis saSualebiT adamiansa da gare samyaros Soris iqmneba. azrovneba nevrotuli
dacviTi reaqciisgan gansxvavebiT, realobasTan kontaqts, misi meSveobiT sakuTari SemecnebiTi
moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebas emsaxureba. amisgan gansxvavebiT nevrotuli qcevis dros adamiani gaurbis
realobasTan mniSvnelovan, saWiro kontaqts. amiT igi ganridebas, gaqcevas anxorcielebs. gamocdil geStalt
Terapevts unari aqvs, gaarCios Tu romel process aqvs adgili.
adamians, roca cudi mxedveloba an smena aqvs, bunebrivia, rom amis gamo garemosTan sruli kontaqti
uZneldeba. magram SegrZnebis modalobis srulyofili funqcionireba jer kidev ar niSnavs, rom is yovelTvis
kargad aRiqvams gare realobas. janmrTeli Tvali SeiZleba ver xedavdes da janmrTel yurs ar esmodes Tu ra
xdeba realobaSi.
adamianTa umravlesobisTvis wamyvani vizualuri modalobaa. uSualo kontaqtisas rodesac raimes
vuyurebT, Cven iSviaTad vacnobierebT Tu rogor moqmedebs Cveni Tvali. ra motoruli aqtivoba
mimdinareobs. arada, Cveni Tvali isea mowyobili, rom pasiur, gaxelil mdgomareobaSi masze aisaxeba da
vxedavT sivrcis farTo nawils. mas unari aqvs koncentrirdes, fokusSi moaqcios, gamokveTos garkveuli obieqti.
am dros sivrcis danarCeni nawili, bundovnad, arafokusirebul fonad aRiqmeba. am dros foni dakvirvebis
obieqti ar aris, Tumca gamoukveTavi saxiT mainc aRiqmeba. Tvals Cveni ZalisxmeviT SeuZlia sivrcis, fonis
sxva obieqti moaqcios fokusSi, gamokveTos igi. am dros, manamde figurad arsebuli obieqti fonSi gadadis.
amgvarad, adamianis Tvali figura-fonis monacvleobiT aRiqvams garemos. ori Tvalis paraleluri moqmedebiT
obieqtis fokusSi amoReba, refleqsurad, gaucnobiereblad xdeba, Tumca xolo figuris da fonis cvalebadoba
cnobierebiT warimarTeba. adamianis Tvali, rogorc organo aRWurvilia kontaqtisaTvis. maSin ra xdeba, roca
obieqtis aRma mizanmimarTuli kontaqtis meSveobiT ver, an ar xorcieldeba? am dros Cveni Tvali, misi unari

16
arafer SuaSia, Tavad Cven vakeTebT iseT rames, rac xels uSlis kontaqts. aseTi aramizanSewonili qcevis
magaliTia garkveuli adamianis mier kontaqtis procesSi obieqtisTvis Tvalis arideba.
amgvari qceva tipiuria, SiSisa da xifaTis dros, rodesac obieqti xedvis fokusSia, magram adamians ar surs
misi aRqma, radgan surs rom ganeridos. aseT situaciaSi adeqvaturi iqneba, Tuki saSiSi obieqti xedvis fokusSi
moeqceva, xolo mis mimarT qceva ganridebiTi iqneba. xSirad imis magivrad, rom qceva ganridebiTi iyos,
adamiani fokusSi ar aqcevs saSiS obieqts. aseTi qceva siraqlemas reaqcias hgavs, rodesac is saSiSroebis
situaciaSi Tavs qviSaSi rgavs, xolo misi tani ki kargad Cans. roca adamianebi cxovrebaSi siraqlemasaviT
iqcevian, anu ganridebiTi qcevis magier mzeras arideben obieqts, amiT mizanSewonil qcevas ver
anxorcieleben. xSiri gameorebis SemTxvevaSi aseTi qceva fiqsirdeba da saxezea dacviTi meqanizmi, romelic
realobasTan kontaqts ar emsaxureba. aseT dacviT meqanizms geStalt TerapiaSi difleqsia hqvia. am dros
adamianis mzera obieqtze ki ar aris koncentrirebuli, aramed mis zeviT an qveviT, ise rom igi fokusSi ver
eqceva da amis gamo masTan kontaqti ar xerxdeba.
meore damabrkolebeli qceva vizualur sferoSi, rac aZnelebs kontaqts, esaa Tvalis, mzeris erT adgilze
gaCereba-gaSeSeba. mdgomareoba, romelSic albaT yvela aRmoCenila da romelsac e. w. `gaSterebis~
epiTetiT movixseniebT. am dros miuxedavad imisa, rom adamiani obieqts uyurebs, misi mzera arabunebrivad
uZravi, moqmedebas, `sicocxles moklebulia~. am donis mzera moklebulia im SeumCnevel moZraobas,
romliTac Cveulebriv obieqti TvaliT mimoivleba ise, rom igi ar gamodis dakvirvebis sferodan. Sedegad Tvalis
obieqtze gaSeSebisas iseve ikargeba aRsaqmeli sagani, rogorc Tvalis aridebisas. am dros aRqma TiTqos
formalurad, umoqmedod mimdinareobs, rac kontaqts SeuZlebels xdis. gaSeSebuli mzeris dros blokirebulia
Tvalis kunTebi, romelic cocxali mzerisas, piriqiT, aqtiurad muSaoben. gaSeSebuli mzera im adamianSi
romliskenac isaa mimarTuli, usiamovno diskomforts iwvevs, qmnis STabeWdilebas imis msgavss, TiTqos
erTi da igive sityvas ucvlelad daJinebiT gimeoreben, ris gamoc urTierToba momabezrebeli da uazro xdeba.
amgvari mzeris mizezi aRzrdaSi daSvebuli Secdomebidan modis. xSirad ufrosebi bavSvebs maTi
cnobismoyvareobisaTvis sjian, tipiuria, bavSvisTvis iseTi obieqtebis Tvalierebis akrZalva, rac mSoblis,
maswavleblis azriT maT ar esaWiroeba. SeniSvna saiT iyurebi, ras miSterebixar, ras uyureb, xSirad
gamoiyeneba, rogorc datuqsvis forma. swored amgvari dasjisgan Tavdacvaa erTis mxriv, Tvalis arideba, xolo
meores mxriv, mzeris gaSeSeba. saboloo jamSi, orive, urTierTobaSi kontaqtis ar arsebobaze mianiSnebs,
romlis drosac obieqti ikargeba, ar Cans.
mosmena adamianis garemosTan kontaqtSi Sesvlis mniSvelovani formaa. mosmenaze, Cvens kulturaSi,
iseTi zedapiruli STabeWdilebaa Seqmnili, TiTqos is pasiuri procesi iyos, radgan amgvar qcevas
gansakuTrebuli gareganad gamoxatuli aqtivoba ar axlavs Tan. sinamdvileSi ki, es metad aqtiuri procesia. igi
specifikur koncentrirebas moiTxovs, es iqneba musikaluri koncertis aRqma, Tu leqciis mosmena. yuradRebis
specifikidan gamomdinare, doskomforts qmnis erTdroulad ori adamianis laparaki, radgan an erTs unda daugdo
yuri an meores _ orivesTan erTdroulad kontaqtis damyareba SeuZlebelia.
adamianebi erTmaneTisgan imiTac gansxvavdebian, Tu rogor usmenen. isini sxvadasxva rames aqceven
yuradRebas: xmis intonacias, tembrs, Sinaarsobriv mxares, emociur gamoxatulebas da a. S. amasTan es sruliad
araa damokidebuli Tavad yurze, mis agebulebaze, aramed pirovnebaze. rodesac adamiani laparakobs mas
aqtiur rols miaweren, xolo maSin, rodesac gaCumebulia da usmens pasiurs, es miuxedavad imisa, rom is
SeiZleba aqtiurad iyos CarTuli mosmenis procesSi. amgvari Sefaseba arasworia. Tumca arian iseTebic,
romlebsac Cveulebad aqvT: laparakSi Tavisi azrs gamoxataven, xolo pauzebSi sxvis azrs ar usmenen. tipiuri
situaciaa, rodesac gacxarebuli kamaTisas TiToeuls imdenad unda Seavsos pauza laparakiT, rom ar ucdis, ar
usmens partniors da Sedegad ori adamiani gabmulad, erTdroulad laparakobs. yvelasTvis cnobili Serlok holmsi
sxvebisgan imiT gamoirCeoda, rom ara marto kargad akvirdeboda adamianebs, aramed kargad usmenda maT.

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 Cvens kulturaSi Sexeba yvelaze kargad asocirdeba kontaqtSi SesvlasTan. Sexeba pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT
obieqtTan miaxlovebis, uSualo urTierTobis aRmniSvnelia, Tumca am sityvas gadataniTi mniSvnelobiTac
vxmarobT, rodesac vambobT _ Sevexe borotebas, sikeTes, sinamdviles an raime abstraqtul movlenas.
Sexeba pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT obieqtTan kanis receftorebiT kontaqts aRniSnavs. SexebiT Cven
SevigrZnobT sagnis temperaturas, formas, zedapiris sigluves, Semadgenlobas, simyares, Txevadobas. es
mniSvnelovani informacia garemos Sesaxeb, romelic uSualod kanis kontaqtiT miiRweva. fizikuri tkivili da
moferebiTi siamovneba, aseve kanze SexebiT gamowveuli mniSvnelovani SegrZnebebia. adamiani ramdenad
adeqvaturad iRebs Sexebis meSveobiT informacias da iyenebs Tu ara kontaqtis am formas, amazea
damokidebuli mniSvnelovani sasicocxlo procesebis mimdinareoba.
bavSvis aRzrdis procesSi xSirad xdeba SexebiT kontaqtTan dakavSirebuli akrZalva. rogorc avRniSneT
akrZalva: `nu uyureb, nu usmen~ xSirad gamoiyeneba ufrosebis mxridan. kidev ufro mkacrad kontroldeba da
isjeba bavSvis arasasurvel obieqtTan Sexeba. es SeiZleba iyos cxeli, Zvirfasi, msxvrevadi sagani, romelsac
ufrosebi ufrTxildebian. Sexebis akrZalva vrceldeba sxva adamianebze, cxovelebze, aseve sakuTari sxeulis
nawilebzec. gansakuTrebiT sxeulis intimur adgilebze, genitaliebze. roca amgvari Sexeba isjeba, fsiqikaSi is
fiqsirdeba, rogorc akrZaluli, miuRebeli qceva, ris gamoc Sexebis didi moTxovnilebac rom hqondes, adamians
asociaciurad dasjis gaxsenebisas maSinve usiamovno SegrZnebebi daeufleba. Sedegad, Sexebis survilic
iblokeba, qreba. adamianebi, romlebsac msgavsi Seferxebebi aqvT ver amyareben sxvebTan maTTvis saWiro
urTierTobebs. es gansakuTrebiT mwvaved Cans sapirispiro sqesTan mimarTebaSi. intimuri, seqsualuri
urTierToba aucileblad moiTxovs fizikur Sexebas. am mxriv, SexebasTan dakavSirebuli problemis mqone
adamianebi frigidulad moqmedeben an akrZalvis gamo sapirispirod zedmetad agznebul reaqciebs avlenen.
orive saxis qceva normisgan gadaxras warmoadgens. Sedegad, bunebrivi moTxovnileba blokirebulia; sasurveli
qceva ver xorcieldeba.
Cvengan gansxvavebiT dasavlur, kerZod amerikul kulturaSi adamianebi kidev ufro distacirebulni,
izolirebulni arian. amerikul sazogadoebaSi SexebiT kontaqti imdenad tabuirebulia, rom mamakacs qalTan,
qalis qalTan, mamakacis mamakacTan an bavSvTan SeCereba mudmivi eWvis TvaliT orazrovnad aRiqmeba.
amerikul kulturaSi distancia adamianebs Soris supermarketis rigSi, Tu ubralo saubrisas, imdenad didia,
rom SemTxveviT Sexebas gamoricxavs, xolo Tu erTi meores SemTxveviT mainc Seexo `damnaSaves~
udidesi bodiSebi aqvs mosaxdeli, sxvis sivrceSi arakanonieri SeWrisaTvis.
geStalt Terapia SexebiT kontaqtis aRdgenas did mniSvnelobas aniWebs. amgvari problemis daZlevis
Sedegad adamiani axerxebs cru kulturuli, Tavsmoxveuli Sexedulebebisgan davis daRwevas, rac
fsevdointeleqtualuri identifikaciebidan momdinareobs.
pirovnebaTSoris kontaqtis damyarebaSi umniSvnelovanesi roli eniWeba adamianis metyvelebas, xmas da
enas. xmas gaaCnia melodiuroba, gamomxatveloba, romelic urTierTobaSi bevr niuanss gadascems.
sasiamovno xmis tembriT, melodiurobiT, subieqtisadmi mimarTulebis mqone da mniSvnelovan Sinaarsebze
aqcentirebuli xma kontaqtis simebis gabmelia. maRalmxatvrulad wakiTxuli leqsi, nawarmoebi mniSvnelovani
efeqtis matarebelia. amis sapirispirod aris xma, romelic am yvelafers moklebulia, is TiTqos mkvdari, uferuli,
mSralia. aseTi metyvelebis adamiani partniors ver gadascems im Sinaarss, romelic surs, rom miawodos. xmis
melodiuroba kargad Cans ara marto laparakSi, aramed emociaTa gamovlenaSi, magaliTad, sicilSi da tirilSi.
specialuri varjiSis Sedegad SesaZlebelia xmis Sinaganad aJRereba, gamdidreba, rac pirovnuli cvlilebis
Sedegia.
urTierTobaSi, kontaqtSi, ena romliTac vmetyvelebT xelis Semwyobic SeiZleba iyos da xelis SemSlelic.
daxvewil enas zustad SeuZlia miitanos azri meore adamianamde, magram arian iseTebic, romlebsac am mxriv
problemebi aqvT. adamiani, romelic metyvelebisas xSirad iyenebs Jargons, misi meSveobiT Tavs aridebs im

18
individualur samuSaos, romelic kontaqtis gasabmeladaa saWiro. Jargoni akninebs, aucxoebs mimarTebas,
Sedegad amgvari adamiani kargavs individualur saxes. adamiani amiT masis, umralesobis fasadis ukan
imaleba da Tavs aridebs kontaqts. mravalsityvaoba aseve adamianebTan kontaqtis gawyvetis erT-erTi formaa.
albaT, TiToeul CvenTagans mousmenia tribunasTan mdgomi politikosisTvis, romelic gabmulad, gauTaveblad
laparakobs ise, rom am laparakiT gverds uvlis mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs, romlebic koncentrirebas, gadaWras
saWiroebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi, bevri laparaki saqmis keTebis iluzias qmnis, sinamdvileSi ki, swored kontaqtis
Tavis aridebaa.
arian adamianebi, romlebic Jargonis msgavsad urTierTobaSi mecnierul terminologias iyeneben, maTi
laparaki imaze ar aris mimarTuli, rom gaugon, aramed cdilobs inteleqtualis imijis Seqmnas. amgvari
urTierTobac xels uSlis kontaqts.
kontaqts aZnelebs laparakis kidev erTi forma, yoveli ambavis Tavidan bolomde moyolis taqtika, rodesac
adamiani cdilobs daiwyos Tavidan da gavides bolomde; aseT adamianebs ukvirT, rodesac amgvari
daumTavrebeli monologi msmenelSi mobezrebas iwvevs. arian iseTebi, romlebic xSirad imeoreben partnioris
naTqvam bolo sityvebs, an kiTxvaze pasuxis magivrad, kiTxviTve pasuxoben, rac aseve kontaqtis Sewyvetas
iwvevs. metyvelebis zemoT CamoTvlili formebisgan gansxvavebiT enis meSveobiT TviTgamoxatva SeiZleba
iqces WeSmariti Semoqmedebis aqtad, romelic aaxlovebs adamianebs; aRrmavebs saTqmels, mis Sinaarss.
sxeulis moZraobas, Jestikulacias, pozas, mimikas udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba kontaqtis damyarebaSi.
cxovrebaSi mravali situaciaa, roca adamianTa Soris kavSirs sxeulis ena ganapirobebs. vilhelm raixi udides
mniSvnelobas aniWebda sxeulis enas. misi azriT, fsiqo-fizikuri problemebi maSin Cndeba, rodesac adamiani
sxeulis im moZraobebis blokirebas axdens, romelic energiis ganmuxtvasTanaa dakavSirebuli. mkacri,
arahumanuri aRzrda xSirad ayalibebs qcevebs, Trgunavs mimikas, Jestebs, sxeulis Tavisufal moZraobebs. anu,
mas rac bunebrivia adamianisTvis. swored Jestebisa da moZraobebis mkacr kulturul CarCoSi Casma iwvevs
adamiansa da garemos Soris kontaqtis darRvevas. siarulisa da moZraobis garda mjdomare adamianis pozac
bevrs ambobs Tavad adamianze. rogor zis adamiani SeboWili, fexi-fexze gadadebuli, xelebi gadajaWvuli, win
mosaubrisken gadaxrili, skamis zurgsmiyrdnobili, kunTebdaWimuli Tu pasiurad moSvebuli, misi poza bevrs
metyvelebs garemosTan kontaqtsa, Tu ganridebaze.
rodesac adamiani flobs sxeuls, naTlad SeigrZnobs sakuTar aqtualur moZraobebs, saxis mimikidan
dawyebuli fexis TiTebiT damTavrebuli. aseTi adamiani grZnobs Tu ra Tavisuflebas aniWebs mas sxeuli.
garemosTan mimarTebaSi sxeulis zedmetad kontroli SeboWiloba-daTrgunulobas iwvevs. kulturuli
stereotipebis gamo, mamakaci xSirad zedmetad akontrolebs moZraobebs, magaliTad, welis areSi, qveda tanSi,
rom feminurni ar gamoCndnen.
qalebi aseve xSirad boWaven sakuTar moZraobas, imis SiSiT, rom zedmetad seqsualuri ar gamoCndnen
da amiT msubuqi yofaqcevis qalis STabeWdileba ar datovon. sxeulis moZraobaTa mudmivad amgvari
SeboWva-kontroli raixis terminologiiT `sxeulis javSnis~ Camoyalibebas iwvevs, rac xels uSlis fizikuri
energiis ganmuxtvas, rac aZnelebs garemosTan kontaqts.
ynosva da gemo SegrZnebis mniSvnelovani modalobebia, romlebic garemosTan kontaqtSi gvexmareba.
miuxedavad amisa, civilizaciam sakmaod daaknina am SegrZnebaTa sasicocxlo mniSvneloba. cxovelebs
CvenTan SedarebiT gamZafrebuli aqvT es SegrZnebebi, maTi meSveobiT isini sasicocxlo problemebs
agvareben. Tu rogor SeigrZnobs mtacebeli msxverplis suns amazea damokidebuli misi yofna-aryofna da
piriqiT, msxverpli igrZnobs Tu ara mtris suns, romelic mas epareba, amazea damokidebuli misi gadarCena.
civilizebuli adamiani raRa Tqma unda, suniT aRar eZebs sakvebs. saWmeli produqti, romelic SefuTulia,
moklebulia suns. supermarketSi sayid produqts gemos aravin usinjavs, amis magivrad, yuradRebiT
kiTxuloben informacias mis Sesaxeb. ynosva mxolod eqstremalur SemTxvevebSi Tu xdeba gamosayenebeli,

19
magaliTad, xom ar ipareba Rumelidan gazi da xom ar moiwamlebi? an agarakze moxvedrisas gansxvavebuli
haeris CasasunTqad. sxva uamrav yofiT situaciaSi kulturidan gamomdinare Cven vebrZviT bunebriv suns.
sxeulze visxamT sunamos, oTaxSi dezodorantebs vapkurebT, rom movspoT arsebuli suni. faqtiurad suni
xelisSemSleli xdeba da masTan aerozolebiT brZola mimdinareobs. kargi ynosvis unaris mqone adamianebi
Cveulebriv diskomfortSi imyofebian, radgan mudmivad Sewuxebulni arian im surneliT, romelic maT
garSemoa. adamianTa umravlesoba ar sunavs sxvas an sakuTar Tavs. amgvari kontaqti maTTvis miuRebeli da
usiamovnoa. is rac cxovelebSi normaluri da aucilebelia Cvens kulturaSi araesTetikurad iTvleba. amis gamo
ynosva da gemo sul ufro da ufro kargavs garemosTan uSualo kontaqtis funqcias.
parfiumeriis, stereotipuli surneliT sakuTari unikaluri surnelis dafarva xdeba. miuxedavad amisa,
garemosTan kargi kontaqti am modalobebis gareSe SeuZlebelia.

kontaqti da mZlavri emociebi

rodesac ori-sami saaTi masTan vzivar,

vtkbebi misi silamaziT, graciiT, Cemi gancdebi TandaTan daZabulobis mwvervals aRweven.
TvalT mibneldeba, TiTqmis aRar mesmis,
raRac Camavlebs yelSi da sasikvdilod miWers, xolo guli mtkivneuli dartymebiT cdilobs upovnos
grZnobebs gamosavali.
amiT ki, mxolod amZafrebs vnebaTaRelvas.
aseT wuTebSi aRar maxsovs Cemi Tavi.

iohan volfgang goeTe

`axalgazrda verteris vnebani~

arseboben emociuri mdgomareobebi, romlebic adamianze mZlavri zegavlenis mqonea. aseTTa rigs
miekuTvneba siyvaruli, SeSliloba da siZulvili. TiToeuli, adamianisTvis mZlavr emociur stress warmoadgens,
romelic cvlis Cveul mimarTebas absoluturad yvelaferTan. aseTi movlenebi `me~-s Cveul sazRvrebs gaqrobiT
emuqrebian. meores mxriv, isini pirovnebis Sinagan rezervTa gaaqtiurebas iwveven, rac pirovnuli zrdis,
aqtualizebis pirobad SeiZleba iqces. es faqtorebi pirovnebis ganviTarebisTvis xelSemwyobic SeiZleba
aRmoCndes da damangrevelic.
gamonaTqvami: siyvaruli an agaSenebs, an dagRupavs, naTlad gamoxatavs am faqtoris rols adamianis
realobaSi, garemosTan kontaqtSi. samive am mdgomareobaze SeiZleba iTqvas, rom isini warmoiSvnen
pirovnebaze momxdari mZlavri zemoqmedebis Sedegad. es iwvevs `me~-s deformacias, rac pirovnebis
mxridan Sesabamisad gamovlindeba. imisda mixedviT, Tu rogor gamoxatavs maT es grZnobebi
adamianisTvis xelisSemSlelic SeiZleba gaxdes da xelisSemwyobic.
siyvaruls mravali gamoxatuleba aqvs. is SeiZleba iyos megobruli, flirtis formis, seqsualuri TamaSis saxis,
romantiuli meocnebe, emociebiT savse, Slegi, erTgulebiTa da movaleobebiT aRsavse. amas garda siyvarulis
grZnobam SeiZleba gaiaros mravali formis gradacia, daiwyos interesiT, emociuri aforiaqebiT da gadavides
mijaWvulobaSi da erTgulebaSi. siyvaruli araa mimarTuli mxolod erT adamianze, sxvadasxva adamianis
mimarT is gansxvavebuli formiT SeiZleba gamomJRavndes, magaliTad, meuRlis, megobris, Svilis,
naTesavis, popularuli adamianis, fsiqoTerapevtis mimarT da a. S. rodesac siyvaruls mkveTri afeqtis
gamomwvevi forma aqvs adamianisTvis mniSvnelovania, rom SeZlos gaacnobieros ramdenad kavSirSia es

20
grZnoba sakuTar damoukideblobasTan. rogor SeuZlia Tavis Sekaveba, ra mimarTebaSia es grZnoba
seqsualobasTan. adamiani SeiZleba sakuTari CarCoebidan gamomdinare ewinaaRmdegebodes _ ebrZodes
siyvaruls, an amis sapirispirod SeiZleba sruli umoqmedoba-ukontrolobaSi vardebodes. fsiqoTerapiis dros didi
mniSvneloba eTmoba, rom adamianma sakuTar pirovnul filtrSi moaxerxos gaataros es grZnoba da igi `me~-s
srulyofa zrdis wyarod aqcios.
siZulvili mZlavri emociuri mdgomareobaa, romelic damangrevlad aisaxeba adamianis yoveldRiur
cxovrebaSi, mis qcevaSi. geStalt Terapia mas ganixilavs, rogorc gamouxatav Sinagan mdgomareobas, romelic
adamians xels uSlis garemosTan kontaqtSi.
adamians eSinia dagrovili siZulvilis Tavisuflad gamoxatvis, radgan SiSi aqvs imis, rac man SeiZleba
moitanos. rodesac fantaziaSi is warmoadgens Tu rogor avlens am grZnobas mSobelTan an sayvarel
adamianTan, mas koSmari ipyrobs.
is vinc siZulvils atarebs ormag safrTxes ganicdis. Tu is ecdeba damalos es grZnoba, maSin amgvari
maskirebisa da kontrolis gamo mudmiv diskomfortSi aRmoCndeba. amis sapirispirod, Tu gadawyvita ar
Seikavos da gamoxatos siZulvili, maSin uxeSi konfliqtis monawile xdeba, rac aranakleb usiamovnoa. amasTan
siZulvili Tavis gamovlinebebSi sxvadasxva formebs iRebs, riTac adamians aTasgvar xifaTs uqmnis. siZulvili
me-s mTlianobasac emuqreba, misi sazRvrebis dangreviT. jgufur TerapiaSi, specialuri muSaoba xdeba
siZulvilis, agresiis gamosaxatavad. ra Tqma unda, arasworia sworxazovani moTxovna, rom siZulviliT
daTrgunulma adamianma ecados cxovrebaSi gamoxatos Tavisi emocia. jgufuri Treiningis dros siZulvilis
gamoxatva specialuri muSaobis Semdeg ise unda momwifdes, rom gamoxatva kulminacias warmoadgendes,
Tan is ise unda ganxorcieldes, rom emociur ganTavisuflebas Zaladoba da msxverpli ar mohyves.
SeSlilobis SiSi adamianis bunebis siRrmeSi binadrobs. es SiSi gansakuTrebiT maT aqvT gamZafrebuli,
visi dacvis meTodebi da formebi realobaSi arsebuli viTarebis adeqvaturia. magaliTad, adamians, romelsac
halucinaciebi aqvs, yvelafers cdilobs, rom maTi realoba daamtkicos, da amiT igi sakuTari fsiqikur
janmrTelobas icavs. es problema yvelas axasiaTebs, visi me-s sazRvrebis arsebobac eWvqveS dgeba. am dros
adamians cxovrebaSi sakuTari arsebobis, ZiriTadi orientirebis mudam eWvqveS dayeneba uxdeba. yvelaferi
Tavdayira dgeba, adamiani TiTqos fexqveS.sayrden miwas kargavs. SeSlilobis gancdas adgili aqvs, rodesac
zRvargadasuli mRelvarebis dros adamiani rwmundeba sakuTar sisuleleSi, rodesac misi Sexeduleba ar
emTxveva umaRlesi avtoritetebis azrs da a. S.
adamiani Cveulebriv komfortulad grZnobs Tavs, rodesac misi sazRvrebi myaradaa daculi da misi
realobasTan kontaqti moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebas iwvevs. magram cxovrebis, bolomde
winaswarmetyveleba SeuZlebelia, yvelafris winaswar gaTvla, gaangariSeba aravis ar ZaluZs. amitom,
SeSliloba yovelTvis cudi ar aris, xolo yvelaferSi windaxeduli qceva yovelTvis ar amarTlebs. magaliTad, omis
dros riskiani operaciis Catarebas SeSlilobasTan axlo myofi adamiani ufro SeZlebs, vidre is vinc yovel nabijs
skurpulozurad Tvlis da spontanur moqmedebebs gaqanebas ar aZlevs. anu zogjer aris cxovrebiseuli situaciebi,
rodesac riski, sikvdil-sicocxlis zRvarze dayeneba gamarTlebulia. arian adamianebi, romlebic aseT riskze
wamsvlelebi arian da gadarCebian, xolo garkveul eqstremalur situaciebSi vinc ar gaswevs saTanado risks ver
gadarCeba. Cveulebriv, aseT riskian saqciels moiTxovs cxovrebis revoluciuri, eqstremaluri periodebi. ra xdeba
am dros pirovnuli TvalsazrisiT? is adamianebi, romlebic cxovrebaSi riskze ar midian, imdenad ufrTxian
TavianTi me-s sazRvrebis Secvlas, anu SeSlilobas, rom xist, mouqnel, myar CarCoSi svamen sakuTar Tavs da
amiT TavianT arsebobas boWaven. amisgan gansxvavebiT, adamiani romelic cxovrebis sirTulidan
gamomdinare ar ufrTxis SeSlilobas da situaciidan gamomdinare mzadaa Setopos am mimarTulebiT, amgvari
qceviT ifarTovebs sakuTar gamocdilebas sakuTar `me~-s sazRvrebs. misi me ufro moqnili da cxovrebasTan
adaptirebuli xdeba.

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 SeSlilobis SiSis daZlevis ZiriTadi saSualeba simamacea, romlis meSveobiTac adamians SeuZlia fokusSi
moaqcios Zalian saSiSi obieqtic, im rwmeniT, rom ZaluZs masTan kontaqti da amasTan sakuTari `me~
sazRvrebis SenarCunebac. kidev erTi upiratesobac arsebobs, rodesac ar arsebobs mkacri tabu _ SiSi adamians
SeuZlia airCios Tu ra gaakeTos da ra ara. gadawyvetileba sakuTari Tavisufali arCevnidan, gamocdilebidan
momdinareobs da ara gaucnobierebeli, bundovani akrZalva-tabudan. amgvarad, SeSlilobis zRvris gadalaxvis
SiSis arqona garkveulwilad mudmivi, usasrulo mimarTulebiT pirovnuli zrdis wyarosac warmoadgens.

kontaqtis procesi
sintaqsisi

cudi dasawyisi _ cudi dasasrulia

inglisuri andaza

mniSvnelovania gavacnobieroT, Tu rogor mimdinareobs kontaqtis procesi. igi pirovnebas da garemos

Soris arsebuli sazRvris gacnobierebaa. kontaqti sakuTari velis gancdaa. esaa organizmis SemoqmedebiTi
morgeba garemosTan. swored kontaqtis meSveobiT xdeba garemos garkveuli nawilis asimilacia da
amasTanave sakuTari gansxvavebulobis SenarCuneba.
adamianis moqmedeba, funqcionireba axali geStaltebis Seqmnisa da Zvelis daSlis process warmoadgens,
romelic `kontaqtis ciklis~ saxels atarebs, masSi asaxulia Tu ra saxiT Sedis organizmi kontaqtSi garemosTan.
organizmsa da garemos Soris mimdinare kontaqtis procesi pirobiTad oTx fazad SeiZleba davyoT, romelic
kontaqtis procesis Tanmimdevrobas asaxavs. frangi geStalt Terapevtis Jan mari robinsis mixedviT es aris:
kontaqtamdeli faza, kontaqtireba, finaluri kontaqti da kontaqtis Semdgomi faza.
pirveli kontaqtamdeli fazaa. is sxeulSi mimdinare procesia, romelic figura-fonis TvalsazrisiT fons
ukavSirdeba. sxeulSi warmoiqmneba SegrZnebebi, romlebic adamianis mniSvnelovan aqtualur
moTxovnilebebs warmoaCens. aqtualoba swored drois am momentisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. organizmSi
Tavs iCens disbalansi; wonasworoba anu homeostazi darRveulia. Sesabamisad, adamianis mxriv, garemoze
dakvirveba, seleqcia xdeba; kans gareT realobidan iwyebs formirebas axali geStalti, romelic aRZruli
disbalansis aRmdgeni, moTxovnilebis damakmayofilebeli SeiZleba gaxdes. es geStalti iwyebs Camoyalibebas;
sul ufro da ufro mkveTri konturebis miRebiT, fonidan gamoyofa-diferencirebiT. am stadiaze problemebi im
adamianebs eqmnebaT, romlebsac ar aqvT geStaltis naTeli, mkafio konturebis formirebis unari. amis Semdeg
dgeba kontaqtirebis faza, romelSiac procesi Ziebis saxiT warimarTeba. organizmSi aRZrulia moTxovnileba.
igi konturebis mqone geStalts warmoqmnis, gamokveTilia danarCeni fonidan, romlidanac energias, impulss
iRebs. arsebuli kontaqtis mqone figura moqmedebas iwyebs gare realobaSi arsebul resursebTan identifikaciiT;
maTi mizidviT, an ganzidviT. is rac akmayofilebs moTxovnilebas miizideba, xolo rac ara _ ganizideba.
Semdeg modis finaluri kontaqtis faza. am periodisTvis damaxasiaTebelia garemoSi moTxovnilebis
dasakmayofilebeli figuris warmoqmna, romelic mkafio konturebiT gamoeyofa danarCen fons. xdeba subieqtsa
da gare obieqts Soris finaluri, mTliani kontaqtis ganxorcieleba. am dros Zveli sazRvari irRveva da axali
ikveTeba. TiTqos droebiT ikargeba subieqtic da obieqtic. isini axal mTlianobas warmoiSoben. sxvanairad rom
vTqvaT, `me~-sa da `Sen~-s emarTebaT, is rac maT `Cven~-ad aqcevs. am dros `me~ Tavs obieqtis nawilad
ver acnobierebs. xdeba konfliqti, rac kontaqts arTulebs. rogorc avRniSneT, finaluri kontaqtis msvlelobaSi
gaixsna `me~-s sazRvari, xolo am fazaSi xdeba sazRvris daxurva, momxdaris Sedegis asimilireba. aRar

22
arsebobs figura da foni, droebiT, Semdgom ciklamde araferi aRar ganicdeba aqtualurad. pirobiTad ase
SeiZleba aRvweroT kontaqtis procesis oTxi faza.
amerikeli geStalt Terapevti irvin polsteri kontaqtis process gansxvavebulad aRwers, mas sintaqsisis
terminiT aRniSnavs. sintaqsisi, kontaqtis epizodebis Tanmimdevroba rva pirobiT etaps moicavs. esaa
kontaqtis procesis erTi mTliani cikli.
1. moTxovnilebis aRmoCena;
2. moTxovnilebis gaSlis mcdeloba;
3. Sinagani brZolisTvis mobilizacia;
4. problemuri Temis gamokveTa, romelic aerTianebs moTxovnilebas da winaaRmdegobas;
5. Cixi;
6. kaTarzisi;
7. ganaTeba;
8. gaTaviseba.
polsterTan es epizodebi fsiqoTerapevtis muSaobis saWiro Tanmimdevrobas asaxavs, Tu raze da rodis
gaamaxvilos man yuradReba. es fsiqoTerapevtisTvis pirobiTi instruqtaJia. sintaqsisi anu rva epizodis
erToblioba drois TvalsazrisiT SeiZleba wamebi, zogjer ki Tveebi grZeldebodes. arsebobs moTxovnilebebi,
romelTa dakmayofilebac yovelgvari Zalisxmevis gareSe imdenad swrafad xdeba, rom adamiani verc
acnobierebs. magaliTad, viRacis uecari xumroba gagacinebT, Sedegad, yovelgvari Zaldatanebis gareSe karg
gunebaze dgebiT. amis sapirispirod, aris moTxovnilebebi, romelTa dakmayofilebac didi siZneleebis
gadalaxvas da Zalisxmevas moiTxovs.
sintaqsisis pirveli epizodia moTxovnilebis aRmoCena. moTxovnileba ibadeba uwonasworobidan
individSi arsebuli qaosidan. rogorc avRniSneT zogi moTxovnileba maSinve yovelgvar Zalisxmevis gareSe
kmayofildeba, umravlesi moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba ki siZneleTa gadalaxvisTanaa dakavSirebuli.
garkveuli moTxovnilebebi, gadaulaxav siZneleTa gamo daukmayofilebeli rCeba.
meore etapia moTxovnilebis gaSlis mcdeloba. zog adamianma kargad icis Tu ra moTxovnileba aqvs, ra
unda, ra sWirdeba. arian adamianebi, romelTac ara aqvT naTlad garkveuli, Tu ra surT, ra awuxebT, risken
undaT warmarTon sakuTari Tavi. zogierTebma icis sakuTari moTxovilebis Sesaxeb, magram ar surT misi
saaSkaraoze gamotana, am procesis gacnobiereba. arian adamianebi, romlebic sruliad ugulvelyofen
moTxovnilebebs, TiTqos maT araferi ar surT da ar undaT. sxvadasxva adamiani am safexurze sxvadasxva
siZneles awydeba, imisda mixedviT, Tu ramdenad mzadaa am etapisTvis.
mesame da meoTxe stadiis epizodebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia Sinagani brZola, romelic mesame safexurze
gaucnobiereblad urTierTdapirispirebul Zalebs Soris mimdinareobs, xolo meoTxe etapze adamians
moeTxoveba naTlad gamoxatos da gaacnobieros, Tu risi ganxorcielebac surs. amasTanave, man unda
gaarkvios ra winaaRmdegobas aRZravs masSi moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba; ra Zalebi dganan `barikadebis~
urTierTsawinaaRmdego mxares.
mexuTe epizodi warmoaCens siZneles, romlis daZlevac aRmoCenis gakeTebas saWiroebs.
SemoqmedebiToba, axlis qmnis niWi da unari yvelaze metad adamians am safexurze sWirdeba. Cixi aRniSnavs
epizods, rodesac banalurad, Cveuli gziT svliT SeuZlebelia moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba. Cixi krizisis
aRmniSvnelia, magram mas sargebelic aqvs, radgan rom ara es gasaWiri, adamians ar eqneboda Zalisxmevisa
kreatiulobis gamovlenis saWiroeba. sirTuleebis daZleva pirovnuli warmatebisa da winsvlis winapirobas qmnis.
meeqvse epizodia kaTarzisi. mdgomareoba, romelic im gancdebiTa da kmayofilebiTaa datvirTuli, romelic
Cixidan gamosvlas, daZlevas, gamarjvebas gamoxatavs. esaa warmatebis situaciis sakuTar gamocdilebaSi
Semotana, axali STabeWdileba, romelic meSvide etapTanaa gadajaWvuli. sakuTari Tavis axleburad,

23
SemZled, gamarjvebulad danaxva. am SegrZnebiT da gamocdilebiT Cans gansxvaveba Tu adamianma ra
gaakeTa, rogor moaxerxa, rac manamde ar gamosdioda. am etapze ukve faseulad, TviTmyofadad ganicdeba.
merve etapi sakuTari axali TviTgancdis ganmtkicebas warmoadgens garemoSi, romelSiac mas uwevs
cxovreba, rac ganmtkicebaa im STabeWdilebis, rom momxdari pirovnuli cvlilebebi realuri, mniSvnelovani da
faseulia. sintaqsisis epizodebze geStalt Terapevtis mxridan yuradRebis gamaxvileba, klients saSualebas aZlevs
warmatebiT gaiaros es gza.

urTierTsapirispo ZalTa erTianoba

morcxv katas trabaxa Tagvi hyavs

inglisuri andaza

urTierTsapirispiro ZalTa erTianoba geStalt Terapiis erT-erTi ZiriTadi postulatia. garemosTan urTierTobaSi
Cveni aRqmis organizireba urTierTsapirispiro movlenebidan gamomdinareobs. geStalt Terapiis mixedviT
pirovnebac am principiTaa organizebuli. es imas niSnavs, rom Cveni `me~ urTierTsapirispiro erTmaneTisTvis
polaruli nawilebis TanaarsebobiT iqmneba. urTierTsapirispironi Cveni Sexedulebis Sefasebas warmoadgenen.
am Sefasebisas kargi da cudi, erTi kontiniumis or polusad gvevlineba.
Cvens realobaSi arsebuli obieqtebis mimarT urTierTsapirispiro damokidebulebebi gvaqvs. gviyvars da
gvZuls, kmayofili varT da ukmayofilo, vendobiT da ar vendobiT. mniSvnelovania gavacobieroT, rom isini ar
arian urTierT xelisSemSlelebi, piriqiT zustad vacnobierebT ra polarul wertilebs, ufro naTlad vxvdebiT Cven
survilebs da zogadad sakuTar Tavs.
geStalt TerapiaSi me-s polaruli nawilebi Tavdamsxmelis, an Tavdamcvelis rolSi ganixileba, msgavsad
froidis me-s struqturisa, romelSic `idealuri me~ `me~-sTan mimarTebaSi eqspansiur Tavdamsxmel
instancidad gvevlineba, romelic avtoritarul, momTxovnis ampluaSia. gauwonasworebeli `me~-s nawilebidan
Cveulebriv erTi dominantia, xolo meore dominirebuli. dominantis Sinagani xma zogadad ase gamoiyureba:
`Sen unda gaakeTo samuSao~, `Sen valdebuli xar bodiSi moixado~ da a. S. am dros dominirebuli me-s nawili
ase gamoiyureba `Tu SeiZleba me minda raRacis Tqma~, an `me ar minda yvelaferSi mSoblebs
daveTanxmo~.
rodesac Tavdamsxmeli da Tavdamcveli aseT Sinagan dialogSi arian, adamiani usiamovnod,
diskomfortulad ganicdis Tavs. mas eufleba sindisis qenjna, sircxvili, pasiuroba, uiniciativoba _ ver iRebs
gadawyvetilebas. roca kontiniumis calkeuli mxareebi erT mTelSi ganicdeba da cnobierdeba, maSin isini xels
uwyoben `me~-s erTiani geStaltis formirebas, romelic difuzuri fonidan momdinareobs. Sedegad, pirovneba
naTlad acnobierebs sakuTar miznebsa da Tavs.
urTierTsapirispiro ZalTa erTianoba xels uwyobs, saSualebas iZleva axali geStaltis formirebisTvis. isak
niutonma mizidulobis kanoni aRmoaCina, gaaerTiana ra mowyvetili vaSlis moZraoba erTi wertilidan
meoremde, rodesac es SemTxveva moqmedebad, procesad ganixila.
hegeli axasiaTebda ra realobaSi Cvens funqcionalobas Semdeg daskvnamde mivida: yoveli azri Cvens
TavSi moicavs am azris sapirispiro azrs. sxvanairad, rom vTqvaT, yoveli Tezisi gulisxmobs anteTezisis
arsebobas. rodesac es ori gansxvavebuli mosazreba urTierTs daupirispirdeba, xdeba maTi gaerTianeba,
sinTezi, gansxvavebul sibrtyeSi, axali Tezisi warmoiSoba.

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 Tezisi, antiTezisi, sinTezi _ es Cveni cnobierebis potencials warmoadgens, romelic SemoqmedebiTi
aqtivobis Sedegia.
mniSvnelovania imis gacnobiereba, rom winaaRmdegoba Cvenive TavSi arsebobs. is Cveni me-s
sxvadasxva nawilebis urTierTdapirispirebaSi gamoixateba. amis gacnobiereba miReba, migvaxvedrebs, rom
xSirad CvenTvis SeumCnevlad, sakuTari interesis, Sexedulebis winaaRmdeg vmoqmedebT, veyrdnobiT ra
me-s garkveul nawils, Tavs vesxmiT, vutevT sakuTar Tavs.
urTierTdapirispirebulTa erTianobis meqanizmebis karg ilustracias warmoadgens liftis mowyobiloba.
gadasaadgilebeli kabina da misi sapirwone simZime erTi trosis or mxarezea dakiduli, romlebic erTmaneTs
awonasworeben. masze sakmarisia mTel wonasTan SedarebiT umniSvnelo zemoqmedeba, rom kabina
gadaadgilebas axdens, ase advilad xdeba erTiani meqanizmis amoqmedeba, romelsac safuZvlad
urTierTsawinaaRmdego gadamwoni Zalebi udevs.
adamianis organizmi liftis meqanizmisgan imiT gansxvavdeba, rom igi mudmivad disbalansis mdgomareobaSi
imyofeba, rogorc cocxali substancia is mudmivad saWiroebs ZalTa aRdgenas. am garemoebas Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT, maSin urTierTsawinaaRmdegoTa erTianobis meqanizmi figuralurad adamianis velosipedze
siarulis swavlas SeiZleba SevadaroT.
imisaTvis, rom orTvliani velosipedidan ar gadmovardeT saWiroa wonasworobis dacvis swavla, sirTule ki
imaSia, rom mudmivad xdeba wonasworobis dakargva. roca Tqven simZimis ZaliT marcxniv gadaixrebiT,
miwaze dacemis saSiSroeba Cndeba, amitom saWiroa simZimis sapirispiro mxares gadatana da ase mudmivad
unda moqmedebdeT sanam velosipedze zixarT. velosipedze siarulis unari rom davaxasiaToT, esaa
wonasworobis aRdgenis mudmivi Zalisxmeva. rodesac adamiani amas iswavlis, misTvis amis ganxorcieleba
usiamovno Zalisxmevas aRar warmoadgens. piriqiT, velosipediT siaruli did siamovnebadac ki ganicdeba.
velosipedisti srulebiT ar acnobierebs, rom am dros srulebiTac ar vacnobierebT, rom urTierTsapirispiro ZalTa
gawonasworebiT aris dakavebuli.
imisaTvis, rom SevinarCunoT an aRvidginoT janmrTeloba, velosipedis msgavsad Cven Tvals unda
vadevnebdeT sakuTar Tavs, gansxvavebul situaciebSi, niuansebSi, rom SevZloT bevri ramis kompensireba
dakarguli wonasworobis aRdgena. es ki imaSi gamoixateba, rom movaxerxoT garkveul fonSi figuris aRmoCena
da masze koncentrireba. amis SesaZlebloba Cven maSin gvaqvs, rodesac figura gamoikveTeba fonze.
magaliTad, Sav fonze Savi wertilis SemCneva SeuZlebelia, radgan igi arafriT gamoirCeva, igi fonTan SedarebiT
kontrastuli araa, magram Sav fonze TeTri wertili mkafiod Cans, is kontrastulad `yviris~ sawinaaRmdego feris
fonze. amitom mravali fenomenis aRmoCena-SemCneva damokidebulia misi sawinaaRmdegos arsebobaze. dRe
da Rame erTmaneTisgan sinaTlis xarisxiT gansxvavdeba. TeTris fonze, masTan kontrastirebiT Cven vigebT, Tu
ra aris Savi da piriqiT. igive adamianTa gancda STabeWdilebebze rom gadavitanoT aRmoCndeba, rom vigebT
Tu ra aris bedniereba, siamovneba, rodesac maT ubedureba, usiamovnebas vadarebT da piriqiT. anu viciT ra
polarobebia, Cven es gvexmareba realobasTan da sakuTar TavTan damokidebulebaSi.
sainteresoa Tu ra saxiT vlindeba Cveni urTierTdapirispirebuli Zalebi konfliqtur situaciebSi. Cveulebriv me-s
erTi nawili, romelic iRebs davalebas, da dgams nabijebs mis Sesasruleblad Cvens mier kargad cnobierdeba,
magram meore Cveni nawili, romelic upirispirdeba, ewinaaRmdegeba aRniSnul nawils da Sesasrulebel qcevas ver
cnobierdeba. ufro metic _ igi sakuTar me-s nawilad ar ganicdeba da gare xelisSemSlel obieqts an situacias
miewereba. amis gamo me-s SigniT mimdinare brZola, subieqtisTvis warmoadgens massa da garemos Soris arsebul
konfliqts. amis gamo arsebuli dapirispireba gaugebaria. Sedegad gadauwyveteli rCeba, radgan subieqti konfliqts iq
ver xedavs, sadac is mimdinareobs.
Cvens mier ganxiluli sferos konteqstSi aqtualuri da saWiro xdeba sagnis, movlenis sapirispiro mxaris
danaxvis unari. komikuridan tragikulamde da piriqiT, sul erTi nabijia. froidis aRmoCenis mixedviT

25
adamianis fsiqika movlenas, mis sapirispiro niRabs argebs, riTic gza-kvals ubnevs cnobierebas. es
gansakuTrebiT kargad sizmrebis analizis dros Cans, rodesac movlenis axsnisTvis fsiqoanalitikosis mxridan
nanaxis sapirispiro mniSvnelobis amocnobaa saWiro. xSirad sayvareli deda sizmarSi urCxulis saxiT Cans,
xolo saSiSi mgeli, sayvareli da uvnebelia.
Tu davakvirdebiT aRmovaCenT, rom sazogadoebis politikuri cxovreba, misi speqtric
urTierTsapirispiroTa erTianobis principiT moqmedebs. ori urTierTsapirispiro Zala, magaliTad, liberalebis da
konservatorebis, iReben ra mosaxleobis garkveul xmebs, ganapirobeben qveynis mimdinare politikas, romelic
xan marcxniv gadaixreba, xan marjvniv, magram es balansireba, urTierTis gaTvaliswineba, ganapirobebs
imas, rom sazogadoeba ar ixliCeba, piriqiT, amiT misi optimalurad marTva xerxdeba.
rom gavaanalizoT Wkviani oratoris saubari da SevadaroT uniWo, orators aRmovaCenT, rom is arasodes ar
aris sworxazovani da calmxrivi, saubrisas ar eyrdnoba mxolod erT poluss, aramed kargi velosipedistiviT
aJRerebs orive ukiduresi polusis Sinaarss. ris safuZvelzec msmenels awvdis gawonasworebul Sinaarss. aseTi
oratorisgan gansxvavebiT, aradamajerebeli da gauwonasworebeli oratori mxolod erT polarobiT operirebs, xolo
meore pozicias yovelmxriv gaurbis an ver exeba. ris gamoc gawonasworebul, Segnebul msmenelze miuRebel
mZime STabeWdilebas axdens.
drosa da sivrcesTan mimarTeba

vels romelSiac vimyofebiT gaaCnia

garkveuli drois siRrme. is moicavs `fsiqologiur warsuls, fsiqologiur awmyos da fsiqologiur
momavals~, romlebic warmoadgens cxovrebiseuli sivrcis erT-erT ganzomilebas, arsebuls
drois momentSi.
kurt levini

realobas, sivrces da dros geStalt TerapiaSi specifikuri gageba aqvs. Teoria ansxvavebs pirobiTi sivrciTi
realobis sam zonas. esenia: a) Sinagani zona, b) gare zona, g) Sua zona e. w. `nevrotuli zona~. Cveni samyaro
fizikurad da fsiqologiurad am sami zoniT amoiwureba.
sanam realobis zonebis daxasiaTebaze gadavidodeT, aRsaniSnavia, rom geStalt Terapia adamians
ganixilavs, rogorc kontaqtze orientirebul organizms, romlis moTxovnilebebic mxolod garemosTan kontaqtis
meSveobiT kmayofildeba. amitomac geStalt Terapias sxvanairad kontaqtze orientirebul Terapiasac uwodeben.
kontaqtis cneba umniSvnelovanesia. janmrTelia, Tu nevrotulia, adamiani imisda mixedviT xasiaTdeba,
axerxebs Tu vera adamiani moTxovnilebebis, ltolvebis dakmayofilebas, amisTvis garemosTan saWiro
kontaqtebis organizebas, aseve kontaqtis sapirispiro qcevis ganridebis ganxorcielebas.
janmrTeli organizmi moTxovnilebidan gamomdinare Tanmimdevrulad anxorcielebs obieqtebTan kontaqts
da ganridebas.
Sinagani zona pirobiTad adamianis kansqveSa, sxeulis Srea. procesebi _ SegrZnebebi da gancdebi,
romlebic mimdinareobs Cvens sxeulSi; Cven SeiZleba kargad ganvicdideT, an ver ganvicdideT kanqveSa,
Sinagan zonaSi mimdinare procesebs. zogadad janmrTeli organizmi, kargad funqcionirebadi pirovneba
naTlad, acnobierebs kontaqtSia sakuTar sxeulTan. mkafiod aRiqvams, SeigrZnobs misgan momdinare
impulsebs, kargad marTavs sxeuls, flobs da ganagebs mas.
nevrotuli pirovneba xasiaTdeba sxeulSi mimdinare procesebze cudad fokusirebiT, kanqveSa zonisgan
momdinare impulsebis ver gacnobierebiTa da maTze cudi reagirebiT. mas praqtikul cxovrebaSi dakarguli aqvs
kontaqti sakuTar sxeulTan. igi difuzurad ganicdis, ver usmens da Sedegad ver gankargavs sxeuls, rac
araspontanurobasa da dabneulobaSi vlindeba.

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 gare zonas miekuTvneba sagnebi da movlenebi, romlebic Cvens gareT, realobaSi xdeba, mimdinareobs.
kargad funqcionirebadi organizmi _ me, naTlad aRiqvams gare zonaSi mimdinare procesebs, sagnebs da im
mimarTebebs, romlebic maT Soris xdeba. amiT adamians saSualeba eZleva kargad gaacnobieros is realoba,
romelSiac cxovrobs, daikmayofilos sasicocxlo moTxovnilebebi. nevrotuli pirovneba ver axerxebs gare zonaSi
arsebuli obieqtebisa da movlenebis naTel aRqma-gacnobierebas. misTvis gare zonaSi mimdinare procesebi
difuzuri, gaugebari, Znelad sakontaqtoa. Sedegad, subieqtis moTxovnilebebi, romlis dakmayofilebac gare
realobasTan kontaqtzea damokidebuli daukmayofilebeli rCeba da amis gamo subieqti frustrirebulia. misi
pirovnuli zrda Seferxebulia.
Sua zonas e. w. `nevrotul zonas~ miekuTvneba adamianis fantazia, rwmena, is rac Cvens gonebriv
warmodgenebSia. geStalt Terapiis mixedviT nevrozi esaa am zonaze zedmetad fiqsireba sxva danarCeni
zonebis xarjze; anu nevrotuli pirovneba mowyvetilia realobis or mniSvnelovan zonas _ sxeulebrivs da gare
realobisas. maT xarjze, ki fiqsirebulia fantaziaze. igi mowyvetilia realur samyaros. misi organizmis
moTxovnilebebi ver kmayofildeba. udavoa, rom fantazias pozitiuri mniSvnelobac aqvs, magram ara danarCeni
ori zonis SinaarsTa ignorirebis xarjze. aqtualizirebuli, kargad funqcionirebadi organizmi, nevrotulisgan
gansxvavebiT, warmosaxvas, fantazias iyenebs sakuTari organizmisa da gare realobis gaTvaliswinebiT. rac
mas sakuTari moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebaSi exmareba.
am sam SresTan mimarTebaSi, rogor gamoiyureba aqtualizirebuli da nevrotuli pirovneba? aqtualizirebuli
pirovnebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia kargi kontaqti Sina da gare zonebTan. igi am monacemebze dayrdnobiT
iyenebs fantaziasa da warmosaxvas. nevrotuli pirovnebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia gare da Siga zonebis
monacemebTan cudi kontaqti fantaziaze fiqsireba, rac warmosaxul da ararealur samyaroSi yofnas
warmoadgens. amgvar situaciaSi SeuZlebelia sasicocxlo moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba da pirovnuli zrda-
ganviTareba.
geStalt Terapiis Teoriasa da praqtikaSi droisadmi mimarTebis specifikuri damokidebulebaa. radgan
warsuli ukve momxdari realobaa, amitom cvlilebis TvalsazrisiT masze laparaks araviTari aqtualoba ar
gaaCnia. radgan momavali jer ar damdgara, amitom masTan Sexebac amJamad SeuZlebelia, amitom masze
operireba an saubaric moklebulia aqtualobas. is rac Cvens gankargulebaSia, rogorc realuri substancia es
awmyoa. masTan Sexeba-kontaqti aqtualuria, ramdenadac masSi danarCeni orisgan gansxvavebiT
SesaZlebelia cvlilebebis moxdena. geStalt TerapiaSi waqezebulia `aq da amJamad~ cxovrebis da moqmedebis
principi, rodesac xedav, acnobiereb awmyos, sakuTar Tavs, gare realobas da qmni, cvli mas Seni
moTxovnilebidan gamomdinare. amisgan gansxvavebiT nevrotul pirovnebas dakarguli aqvs aqtualuri `aq da
amJamad~ realoba, is sadac cvlilebebi xdeba. amis nacvlad, mijaWvulia warsulze. wuwunebs, moTqvams,
gauTaveblad abrunebs momxdar movlenebsa da situaciebs, miuxedavad imisa, rom maTi Secvla ukve
SeuZlebelia. aseve laparakobs momavalze, imaze rac mis gankargulebaSi araa, moelis, natrobs da sxva fuWi
mimarTebebiTaa dakavebuli, Sedegad aseTi adamiani kargavs aqtualur awmyos, imas rac realuri cvlilebebis
momtania pirovnebisTvis.
perlsis sayvareli gamoTqmaa `is araferi ar arsebobs, rac ar aris axla da aq, axla aris awmyo, warsuli, aRar
arsebobs, momavali jer ar damdgara~. perlsisgan gansxvavebiT sxva geStalt Terapevtebi ufro mniSvnelovnad
ekidebian warsuls da momavals, rogorc realur substanciebs.
realoba fizikuri da drois ara marto Teoriuli postulatebia is geStalt TerapiaSi, praqtikul varjiSebSi
gamoiyeneba.
me-s organizmis maintegrirebeli funqcia gaaCnia, is sxeulis moqmedebas mis moTxovnilebebs
ukavSirebs. me organizmis im funqciebs amoqmedebs, romelic yvelaze aqtualuri moTxovnilebis
damakmayofilebelia. me identifikacias axdens organizmTan da mis moTxovnilebebTan, amave dros

27
gaucxoebulia iseTi moTxovnilebebis mimarT, romelTa dakmayofilebac mis mimarT mtrul bunebas avlens.
amis safuZvelze, me awesrigebs garemosadmi damokidebulebas organizmis moTxovnilebidan gamomdinare.
Tu adamians swyuria, maSin wyali figurad iqceva, danarCeni sagnebis fonze da `me~-s qceva am
organizebuli moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad mimarTuli.
geStalt Terapiis mixedviT, `me~-s gaaCnia ltolva gaZlierebis, sakuTari potencialis gaSlis, aqtualizaciis,
rac pirovnul zrdaSi gamoixateba. pirovnuli zrda xdeba fizikuri da fsiqikuri garemos asimilaciis gziT.
organizmi moTxovnilebis gancdisas, kontaqts amyarebs garemosTan, xolo garemodan energiis asimilaciiT
ikmayofilebs moTxovnilebas. jansaR organizmSi mudmivad mimdinareobs cikli, romelic ase
gamoiyureba:LmoTxovnilebis aRZvra, organizmSi warmoiSveba uwonasworoba, `me~ amyarebs garemosTan
agresiul kontaqts, rac iwvevs moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas garemos asimilaciis gziT. Sedegad, xdeba
organizmSi wonasworobis, homeostazis aRdgena.
cxovreba warmoadgens aseT ciklTa dausrulebel jaWvs, romlis dasrulebac iwvevs erTi geStaltis e. w.
daxurvas, rasac mosdevs axali moTxovnilebebis aRZvras da axali aseTi ciklis mimdinareoba. am procesis
warmatebiT ganxorcieleba ganapirobebs me-s gaZliereba, zrdas. pirovnuli zrda cnobieri procesia.
janmrTel organizmSi SegrZnebas, aRgznebas, geStaltis formirebas Tan axlavs cnobiereba. kontaqti
gaucnobierebladac SeiZleba xdebodes. iseTi SegrZnebebi, rogorebicaa distanciuri _ vizualur-akustikuri,
SexebiTi _ taqtiluri, kans qveS mimdinare _ proprioceftuli aRgznebas `me~-s atyobineben. im Sinaarsebs,
ramac SemdgomSi SeiZleba gansazRvros individis aqtivoba.
jansaRi organizmi funqcionirebs rogorc erTiani mTeli; misi qceva TanxvedraSi modis organizmis
moTxovnilebasa da brmad araa gansazRvruli garemodan momdinare valdebulebebiT da moTxovnebiT. qcevis
pirovnuloba gamoixateba imaSic, rom procesSi mTeli organizmia CarTuli, masSi arc erTi nawili araa
mowyvetili da izolirebuli. Sedegad `me~-s cnobiereba mTel organizmSi mimdinare aqtivobas gansazRvravs
da warmarTavs.

pirovnebis ganviTarebis stadiebi

mtkivneulia gadasvla siamovnebis

proncipidan realobis principze.
zigmund froidi

is rac siaxles warmoadgenda fsiqoTerapiaSi, esaa adamianis frustraciis pozitiuri roli pirovnul zrdis
procesSi. praqtikidan Cans, rom is ki ar uSlis, aramed xels uwyobs pirovnul zrdas. zomieri frustracia axdens
pirovnebis mobilizacias, sakuTari potencialis realizaciisaTvis saWiro ganwyobis Seqmnas. es, rac Cveulebriv
ar xdeba, roca garemo zedmetad zrunavs individze da ar aZlevs mobilizaciis-nebelobis gamovlenis saSualebas.
garda amisa, individi frustraciis aridebis mizniT swavlobs garemoTi manipulirebas, riTac axerxebs Tavi
daaRwios arasasurvel gancdebs.
pirovnuli zrda janmrTeli organizmisTvis bunebrivi procesia. geStalt TerapiaSi zrdis Sedegi metaforulad
`momwifebad~ moixsenieba. simwifis miRweva rTul, problemebiT daxunZluli gzis gavlas gulisxmobs. es
rTuli procesi lakonurad ase SeiZleba warmovidginoT. bavSvi, rom momwifdes da ususuri, sxvaze
damokidebuli mdgomareobidan gamovides, igi garemodan momdinare mxardaWeridan, sakuTari Tavis
mxardaWeraze unda gadavides, rac sakmaod Zneli procesia. bavSvi, romelzec axorcieleben hiper

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mzrunvelobas, ver swavlobs damoukideblad frustraciis gadalaxvas. Sedegad, ar ganicdis pirovnul zrdas da
stagnaciis mdgomareobaSia. am dros, garemoze _ sxvaze damokidebuli bavSvi, moTxovnilebaTa
dasakmayofileblad, sakuTari Tavis aqtualizaciis magier garemoTi manipulirebs, rom misi daxmarebiT
daaRwios frustracias Tavi, rasac aseT bavSvi, mozrdilebTan uZlurebis demonstrirebiT anxorcielebs. is
umweobiT cdilobs garemosgan mxardaWeris miRebas. niSandoblivia, rom gamocdileba mas am dros ar
aZlevs saSualebas uari Tqvas garemoTi manipulaciaze. Sedegad, igi ver gadadis sakuTari Tavis
mxardaWeraze. aseTi bavSvi ar ganixilavs sakuTar Tavs iseTi mniSvnelobis mqoned, rom Tavs endos,
daeyrdnos da daZlios frustracia da daikmayofilos moTxovnilebebi. aseT mdgomareobaSi myofi bavSvi dedis,
mamis da sxvaTa imedzea.
mdgomareoba, rodesac mozardi, arc garemodan iRebs daxmarebas da verc Tavis mxardaWeras axerxebs,
e. w. Cixis situaciaSi imyofeba. Cixi gamoxatavs mdgomareobas, rodesac adamianma ar icis ra gaakeTos,
rogor daaRwios cxovrebiseul problemebs Tavi. fsiqoTerapevti, ZiriTadad amgvar situaciebSi aRmoCenili
klientiT aris dakavebuli.
mowifulobis miRweva mraval sirTulesTanaa dakavSirebuli. misi aucilebeli Tanmxlebia SfoTva, romelic
ufskrulis SiSs hgavs. igi awmyos dakargviTaa gamowveuli. es mdgomareoba scenis SiSs hgavs, roca sayrdeni,
awmyo ikargeba, Tu scenaze gasvlis Semdeg es mdgomareoba, anu SfoTva mRelvarebaSi gadaizarda, is
SeiZleba mobilizaciis, rolis kargad Sesrulebis safuZvlad iqces. SfoTva gamoxatavs xifaTis bundovan,
aradiferencirebul SegrZnebas, romelic SeiZleba SiSad gadaiqces, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu safrTxis obieqti
gamoikveTa.
asimilaciis procesi pirovnuli zrdis aucilebeli elementia. oraluri aqtivoba individis fsiqologiur
SesaZleblobebs, cxovrebiseuli problemebis gadaWris unars asaxavs. metyvelebaSi arsebobs gamoTqmebi:
`kbili mosdo problemas~, `gadaReWili sakiTxi~, `ukbilo xumroba~. subieqti, romelic ver iyenebs kbilebs, ar
aqvs unari gamoiyenos destruqciuli funqciebi sakuTari Tavis sasargeblod. maT uxerxemlo adamianebis
epiTetiT moixsenieben, romelTac, sakvebisadmi erTis mxriv indiferentoba, xolo meores mxriv ki mouTmeneli
sixarbe axasiaTebT.
kidev erTi msgavseba oralur ganviTarebasa da fsiqikur SesaZleblobas Soris umadobaSi _ sakvebisadmi
zizRSi gamoixateba, roca lukmis gadaylapva did problemas da usiamovno process warmoadgens. es hgavs
usiamovno informaciis gadaylapvis uunarobas, rodesac sakvebis msgavsad, cxovrebiseuli problema
gadauReWavi, gadauylapavi da mounelebelia, risi safuZvelic fsiqikuri, kerZod oraluri ganviTarebis procesSi
arsebuli Seferxebaa.
pirovnuli zrda, momwifeba simbolurad xaxvis Tavs SeiZleba SevadaroT, romlis gulic siRrmiseul SreSia
moTavsebuli, xolo mis misaRwevad gare Sreebis mocileba, maTgan ganTavisuflebaa saWiro. am metaforis
msgavsad momwifebis misaRwevad bavSvma oTxi safexuri, done unda gaiaros. maTi pirobiTi saxelebia: I _
`kliSe~-s done, II _ xelovnuri done, III _ Cixis done da IV _ e. w. Sinagani afeTqebis done. om oTxi donidan sami
nevrotuli qcevis doneebia, romlebic moklebulia qcevaSi pirovnul identobas, xolo bolo stadiaze yofna sakuTari,
unikaluri, namdvili realuri `me~-s miRwevas gulisxmobs. im sakuTari potencialis realizacias, rasac sxvanairad
uwodeben `yofnas imad, rac realurad xar~.
I _ `kliSes~ done xasiaTdeba qceviT, romelic mTlianad stereotipulia. am doneze individi ise iqceva,
rogorc miRebulia, misi moqmedeba mkacr CarCoebSia moqceuli. Sinaganad mas ar esmis, Tu ra aris kargi da
cudi, sasargeblo da zianis momtani. mis qcevis normebsa da standartebs, mTlianad garemoSi myofi
avtoritetebi gansazRvraven, xolo igi brmad imeorebs qcevebs, romelic sxvaTa poziciebs asaxavs. amis
magaliTia gogona, romelic dedis sityvebsa da azrebs imeorebs. mkacrad diferencirebuli aqvs, Tu ra aris swori
da ra ara; es yvelaferi dedis Sexedulebebis gameorebas warmoadgens. ra Tqma unda, stereotipuli qceva

29
realobasTan Rrma kontaqtis saSualebas ar iZleva, magram miuxedavad amisa, mainc ukeTesia, vidre saerTod
ukontaqtoba, radgan realobasTan kavSiris Seguebis garkveul dones mainc gamoxatavs.
II safexuri e.w. xelovnuri donea, am safexurze mdgomi adamianis qcevebSi dominirebs garkveuli rolebi,
da maTze agebuli TamaSebi. roluri qcevebi gacilebiT rTuli fenomenia, misTvis damaxasiaTebelia imgvari
niSan-Tvisebebis gadmoReba, rac sazogadoebaSi prestiJulad, momgebianad aris warmoCenili. sirTulis
miuxedavad aseTi qcevac xelovnurad gadmoRebulis xasiaTs atarebs, amgvari qcevis Rirebuleba da
faseulobac, gaucnobierebeli da gauTavisebelia.
miuxedavad amisa, qcevis avtori kargad mibaZvis gamo SeiZleba ise gamoiyurebodes, TiTqos es misi
autenturi qcevaa. aseTi xelovnuri donis qcevas brmad tradiciebis, normebis miyola ganapirobebs.
konformuli qceva, romelic umravlesobis zegavleniT xorcieldeba, aseve xelovnuri donis qcevis kategorias
miekuTvneba. am doneze aucileblad xSirad warmoiSveba konfliqtebi, radgan garemoSi dapirispireba tipiuri
movlenaa, xolo Tavad subieqti ar warmoadgens autentur sakuTari azriT momqmed mxares, rom arsebuli
situacia obieqturad gaacnobieros da konfliqtis gadaWris alternativebi monaxos.
III _ safexuri e. w. Cixis dones warmoadgens, zogadad fsiqoTerapia, gansakuTrebiT ki geStalt Terapiuli
seansi, `Cixis~ doneze mimdinareobs. miuxedavad imisa, rom CixSi moxvedra garkveul stresTanaa
dakavSirebuli da pirovneba emociur kriziss ganicdis, igi pirovnuli zrdisTvis aucilebeli gadasalaxi rubikonia.
ranairi paradoqsulic ar unda mogveCvenos CixSi moxvedra gansakuTrebiT fsiqoTerapiul garemoSi
ganviTareba-aqtualizaciis xelisSemwyobi faqtoria. amitom geStalt Terapevti xSirad iyenebs e.w. zomier
frustracias, romlis mizanic klientis CixSi moqcevaa. es is viTarebaa, rodesac garemodan daxmareba aRar
modis, xolo TviTdaxmarebis resursebi da SesaZlebloba jer kidev araa gacnobierebul-garkveuli.
fsiqoTerapevtis daxmarebiT klientma metaforulad unda moaxerxos is, rac baron-miunhauzenma pirdapiri
mniSvnelobiT ganaxorciela, rodesac igi Tavis cxenianad Rrma WaobSi Caeflo. baronis yvirilze
daxmarebodnen pasuxi arsaidan ismoda. am Cixs miunhauzenma Tavi ase daaRwia: xeli TmaSi magrad
Caivlo da ise moqaCa, rom sakuTari Tavi cxenianad mSral adgilas amoaTria. miuxedavad imisa, rom amgvari
qceva fizikuri kanonebis darRvevas gulisxmobs, fsiqologiurad es metafora zustad gamoxatavs umweo
adamianis aRmoCenas, Tavi daanebos sxvebisadmi daxmarebis Txovnas da Tavad daexmaros sakuTar Tavs,
rac momwifebuli pirovnebis damaxasiaTebeli aqtivobaa.
CixSi moxvedra, pozitiuri SeiZleba aRmoCndes pirovnebisTvis. miuxedavad amisa, tipiuria, rom
adamianebi cdiloben yvelaferi iRonon da ar moxvdnen CixSi. amisTvis mimarTaven sustis, sxvaze
damokidebulis, sawyalis rolis TamaSs, raTa garSemo myofebi aiZulon, rom daexmaron, xolo Tavad sakuTari
Tavis aqtualizacia, mobilizacia ar moaxdinon. gamocdilma geStalTerapevtebma ician ra es, cdiloben ar
wamoegon am ankesze da moaxerxon, zomieri frustraciiT Seiyvanon klienti maTTvis saWiro CixSi.
IV _ done moixsenieba rogorc `Sinagani afeTqeba~ anu `sikvdili~. es etapi dgeba mas Semdeg, rac
pirovneba axerxebs iswavlos cxovrebiseuli `Cixidan~ gamosvlis strategia-teqnologia, rac sakuTari Tavis
daxmarebaSi gamoixateba. am etapisTvis damaxasiaTebelia sakuTari Tavis adeqvaturad aRqma-Sefaseba, anu
pirovneba, rogorc geStalistebi ityvian `warmoadgens imas, rac realuad aris~. cxovrebaSi Cveulebriv orive
saxis araadeqvaturoba gadafaseba da daufasebloba speficikur problemebs aCens, rac garemosTan araadeqvatur
damokidebulebaSi, nevrotul konfliqtebSi gamoixateba.
arsebuli donis miRweviT adamiani axdens Tavisi unikaluri, ganumeorebeli bunebis warmoCenas. am
process xmardeba aseTi adamianis fsiqo-fizikuri Zalebi da energia. amitom es etapi `Sinagani afeTqebis~
`sikvdilis~ epiTetiT moixsenieba, radgan kvdeba is arseba, romelic manamde arsebobda, romelic ar iyo
sakuTari Tavis autenturi, da ver axerxebda sakuTari bunebisa da potencialis realizirebas. mis sanacvlod
ibadeba axali, realuri, autenturi `me~, romelmac cnobierad icis vinaa, ras akeTebs am samyaroSi da risTvis

30
arsebobs. `Sinagan afeTqeba~ iwvevs `garegani afeTqebas~, rac imaSi gamoixateba, rom axali `me~ ara marto
Tavad icvleba Sinaganad, aramed aqtivobiT cvlis gare realobasac, romelSiac is cxovrobs. am etapze adamiani
ukve aqtiuri subieqtia, romelic ara mxolod egueba garemos, aramed Tavad qmnis axal, manamde ararsebul,
mxolod mis SemoqmedebiT niWze damokidebul realobas. sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, adamiani cvlis ra sakuTar
Tavs, amiT igi cvlis gare realobasac, rac `garegani afeTqebis~ metaforaa. es, is Secvlili realoba, romelic
datoves qristem, Seqspirma, froidma, vangogma TavianTi moRvaweobis Semdeg. maT `garegani afeTqebis~
Sedegad Seqmnes axali samyaro, romelic manamde ar arsebobda. am zogadad samyaros Secvlis horizonti
udavod usazRvroa. religiur qristianul, budistur terminologiaSi arsebobs mdgomareoba, romelic gansxivosnebis
saxeliT moixsenieba, aseTi epiTeti Seesabameba adamians, romlis moraluri, fizikuri, fsiqikuri ganviTareba
saSualebas aZlevs amaRldes Tavis biologiur bunebaze, wvdes samyaroSi arsebul maRal Rirebulebebsa da
faseulobebs. amiT Tavisi ganumeorebeli wvlili Seitanos, samyaros ganviTareba-srulyofaSi.
ase SeiZleba aRvweroT, pirovnuli ganviTarebis stadiebi geStalt TerapiaSi..

`me~-s dacviTi meqanizmebi

yvela avadmyofi hgavs erTmaneTs,

yvela janmrTeli TavisTavadi da unikaluria.
d. n.

ar arsebobs ufro metad brma,

visac ar unda rom dainaxos
da masze metad yru, visac ar unda gaigonos.
inglisuri andaza

fsiqoanalizis aRmoCenas didi yuradReba miaqcia geStalt Terapiam. kerZod imas, rom pirovnuli
ganviTarebis, progresis, sawinaaRmdego procesic. arsebobs, rac stagnacia-regresSi gamoixateba. am
ukanasknelT ranairad paradoqsuladac ar unda mogveCvenos safuZvels uyris, individis dacviTi funqciebi, dacviTi
meqanizmebi. Cveulebriv muqaris SemTxvevaSi da saWiro reaqciaa, magram mudmivi muqara iwvevs
darRvevas. Sedegad, dacviT qcevebs maSinac aqvs adgili, roca muqara ar arsebobs. omis muqarisas qalaqis
garSemo Semortymuli maRali galavani da Caketili karibWe saWiroa, romelic dacviT funqcias asrulebs, magram
mSvidobis pirobebSi, roca ganviTarebis vaWrobisaTvis Tavisufali urTierTobebia aucilebeli, aseTi karCaketili
stiliT cxovreba qalaqisTvis damRupvelia. Sua saukunis mebrZoli raindisTvis rkinis javSnis tansacmeli, omSi
saWiro TavdacviT funqcias asrulebs, brZolaSi mtris iaraRisgan icavs. mSvidobianobis dros, an yoveldRiur
cxovrebaSi amgvari aRWurvilobiT siaruli mxolod zianis momtania. igive SeiZleba iTqvas dacviT funqciebze,
romelTac Cven qvemoT gavecnobiT, maTi mudmivi araadeqvaturi gamoyeneba nevrotul qcevebs udebs
safuZvels. amgvari winaaRmdegobebi gamowveulia garemosTan araswori mimarTebiT, rasac Tavisi mizezi
aqvs. individi cdilobs ara Tavisi moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad warmarTos energia, aramed arasasiamovno
garemosgan Tavdasacavad, misgan gansarideblad. Sedegad gamodis, rom energia saWiro moTxovnilebis
dasakmayofileblad ar aris mimarTuli. igi garemosTan kontaqtis damyarebas ar emsaxureba.
realur cxovrebaSi swored ase iqceva nevtoriki, misi energia moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebis magier,
TavdacviT qcevebze ixarjeba. aseTi qceva zianis momtania _ am viTarebaSi individi stagnacias ganicdis.
geStalt TerapiaSi garemosTan kontaqtis aridebis, anu winaaRmdegobis xuT saxes gamovyofT. esenia: a)
introeqcia, b) proeqcia, g) retrofleqsia, d) defleqsia, e) konfluencia, anu Serwyma.

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 mokled ganvsazRvroT TiToeuli maTgani, xolo Semdeg dawvrilebiT gavaanalizoT maTi mimdinareobis
procesi.
a) introecirebuli adamiani arakritikulia garemosa da sakuTari Tavis mimarT. igi pasiurad iRebs yvelafers, rasac
mas garemo sTavazobs. amave dros individi ar acnobierebs Tavis moTxovnilebebsa da survilebs. es gapirobebulia
imiT, rom igi cxovrobs misTvis keTilganwyobil garemoSi, romelic zrunavs masze, amitom individi ver arCevs,
visia moTxovnilebebi, ltolvebi, faseulobebi garemosi Tu sakuTari. Tu garemo Seicvala da misTvis mtruli gaxda
Seqmnil situaciaSi, igi ecdeba energia siamovnebis miRebaze mimarTos.
b) proeqciis dros adamiani uars ambobs sakuTar, magram misTvis miuRebel niSan-Tvisebebze da maT
gare realobas miawers. amitom, uWirs problemebis gadaWra, kerZod im problemebs, romlebic proeqcirebul
SinaarsebTan aris dakavSirebuli, radgan arasworad adgens mis adress. amis gamo konfliqtSi Sedis gare
realobasTan, ver xvdeba, magram Tavadaa am konfliqtis inspiratori. ase, rom proeqciis qcevis mqones
sakuTari problemis garemoze gadabraleba axasiaTebs.
g) retrofleqsiis dros adamiani uars ambobs kontaqtSi Sevides gare realobasTan. gare realoba misTvis
usiamovnebis wyaros warmoadgens, igi ise iqceva, TiTqos garemo arc arsebobdes, amitom sakuTar Tavs
TviTkmar arsebad miiCnevs da mTel energias sakuTar TavTan urTierTobas axmars. Sedegad igi ver cvlis gare
realobas da ver axerxebs gare realobaSi sakuTari moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebas.
d) defleqsiis dros adamians uWirs, ver axerxebs misTvis mniSvnelovani obieqtis fokusSi moqcevas.
moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad, is energias ver warmarTavs fokusirebaze, amitom garemosTan
SemTxveviTi, ara mizandasaxuli mimarTeba aqvs, ris gamoc moTxovnilebebs ver ikmayofilebs frustrirebuli
da daukmayofilebelia.
e) konfluenciis dros adamiani aTqvefili, Serwymulia gare realobasTan, igi garemoSi sxvebTan erTad saerTo
dinebaSia moqceuli, ise rom ar irCevs cxovrebaSi sakuTar gezsa da mimarTulebas. sadac yvela isic iqiT
mieqaneba. igi ar marTavs sakuTar Tavs Tu ra mimarTeba daamyaros garemosTan. rogorc jogis wevri,
gaucnobiereblad endoba garemoSi arsebul umravlesobas. amis gamo moklebulia damoukideblobas, individualobas,
sakuTari gadawyvetilebis miRebis unars.
axla dawvrilebiT SevexoT TiToeul dacviT qcevas. zogadad es dacviTi strategiebi ar warmoadgenen
paTologiur gadaxrebs, maT aqvT TavianTi gamoyenebis adgili, magram Tu aseTi qceviTi strategia
araadeqvaturad, Seusabamod, mudmivad xorcieldeba, maSin is nevrotuli qcevis saxes iRebs, pirovnebis
gadaxraze, problemebze miuTiTebs.

introeqcia

introeqcia uSualod SimSilis instinqtTan aris dakavSirebuli. ZuZumwovaris ganviTarebis safexurze kvebis es
forma bunebrivi da erTaderTia. bavSvi dedis mkerdidan sakveb rZes pirdapir yovelgvari gadamuSavebis gareSe
iRebs. ZuZumwovara bavSvi ndobiTaa gamsWvaluli dedisa da garesamyarosadmi da ylapavs imas rac
miewodeba. am periodSi gare realobasTan aseTi mimarTeba swori, aucilebeli damokidebulebaa. bavSvs am
etapze ori alternativa aqvs gadaylapos, an ar gadaylapos. miiRos an ar miiRos is rac miewodeba. miRebulis
daReWvis, gadamuSavebis unari mas ar gaaCnia.
introeqcia gulisxmobs produqtis miRebas misi struqturis Secvlis, gadamuSavebis gareSe, am etapze dedis
rZis asimilacia produqtis darRveva, gadamuSavebas ar saWiroebs. Tuki aTvisebis es forma ZuZusmwovis
asakis zemoTac gvxvdeba, es imas niSnavs, rom oraluri ganviTarebis kbenisa da ReWvis stadiaze garkveul

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darRvevas hqonda adgili. introecirebuli adamiani garemosgan elis, moiTxovs, rom sxvebma ukve gadaReWili,
damuSavebuli produqti miawodos asaTviseblad, rom Tavad mas gadamuSaveba, kritikuli damokidebulebis
gamoxatva aRar sWirdebodes, rom miwodebuli produqti pirdapiri da gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT pirSi moxvdes,
man ki mxolod gadaylapos. es imaze miuTiTebs, rom subieqts oraluri agresia blokirebuli aqvs. amis mizezi
SeiZleba iyos hipermzrunveli garemo, meores mxriv, moZalade garemoc, romelic subieqtis protestis
miuxedavad aiZulebs mas gadaylapos miwodebuli produqti, romelic masSi zizRs iwvevs. amis asatanad ki
subieqti cdilobs gemo ar gaugos produqts da pirdapir gadaylapos. es produqtis asimilirebis araswori gzaa,
Sedegad, gadaylapuli produqtis moneleba ver xdeba, radgan igi araa asimilirebadi. misi masa ara
asimilaciisTvis gadamuSavebuli, amitom tipiuria misi mounelebloba da Sedegad Rebineba.
Wamis fiziologiuri procesebis Sesabamisia introeqciis fsiqologiuri maxasiaTeblebi. misTvis
damaxasiaTebelia Rirebulebebis, qceviTi standartebis, faseulobaTa garemosgan ukritiko miReba, kopireba. aseTi
adamiani pirovnulad ar viTardeba. introeqciisas me-sa da gare realobas Soris sazRvari, ise Rrmadaa Sesuli me-Si,
rom me-s uWirs gaarCios, Tu sadaa igi da sad masSi SemoWrili gare realoba. fiziologiurad introecirebuli me ase
SeiZleba gamovxatoT:
mes _ introecirebuli `mounelebeli~,
araasimilirebuli nawilebi.

naxatze gamosaxulia is, rac adamians emarTeba cxeli moxarSuli kartofilis Wamis dros, radgan kartofili
Zalian cxelia, SeuZlebelia misi pirSi gauciveblad didxans gaCereba da Sesabamisad gadaReWva, amitom misi
swrafad gadaylapva xdeba, Sedegad kuWSi xvdeba cxeli dauReWavi kartofilis natexebi, romlebic mounelebeli
rCeba da muclis tkivils iwvevs. es fiziologiuri introecirebaa, msgavsi bedi fsiqologiurma Sinaarsebmac
SeiZleba gaiziaron. amis magaliTia, cxovrebaSi sxvisi azriT, SexedulebiT, faseulobiT mniSvnelovani,
gaucnobierebeli nabijis gadadgma. qarTul kulturaSi, sxva kulturebis msgavsad gavrcelebuli iyo qorwineba,
romelic mSobelTa iniciativiT xdeboda. eTanxmeboda ra axalgazrda misTvis gamocdili avtoritetis rCevas,
Semdgom cxovrebaSi xSirad sinanuliT aRmoaCenda xolme, rom TviTon sakuTari Sexedulebebi ar
Seesabameboda im gemovnebas, romliTac gakeTda es arCevani. amitom imedgacrueba, konfliqtebi, da
tragikuli finali aseT viTarebaSi iSviaTobas ar warmoadgenda.
Seqspirs `ledi makbetSi~ da ibsens `rosmersholimSi~ aRwerili aqvs personaJebis fsiqologiuri drama,
romelTa qcevac ar Seesabameba maT pirovnul faseulobebs, Sedegad maTSi aRmocenebuli konfliqtis gamo
acnobiereben ra sinamdviles isini uars amboben mopovebulze. orive nawarmoebSi personaJebi viTarebebisa da
zegavlenisgan gamomdinare uaRresad did sisastikeze midian, ledi makbeti qmarTan erTad klavs yvelas,
bavSvebsac ki vinc samefo taxtis metoqed miaCnia. beata, `romersholimSi~ mkvlelobisken ubiZgebs misi
Seyvarebulis meuRles, doras; orive nawarmoebSi personaJTa droebiT miZinebuli sindisi iRviZebs, ris gamoc
Cadenili saqcieli maTTvis miuRebeli, mopovebuli Sedegi ki gaufasurebuli aRmoCndeba. Sedegad orive
personaJi tragikulad amTavrebs Tavis cxovrebas. ledi makbets sigiJe eufleba, xolo beata samudamod tovebs
rosmerholims.
introeqciis safuZveli adreul bavSvobaSia, imisaTvis, rom introeqcia aRmoifxvras saWiroa subieqtma
gaacnobieros gansxvaveba `me~-sa da `Sen~-s Soris, romelTa Soris gansxvavebac am etapze mas ar SeuZlia.
Tuki Terapevti klients xSirad gaucnobierebs saubrisas Tu romelia misi Sexeduleba, pozicia da romelia
fsiqoTerapevtis. nel-nela klienti ganasxvavebs, gaacnobierebs sakuTars sxvisgan, aRmoaCens sakuTar TavSi
sxvis Sexedulebebs, romlebic manamde Tavisad miaCnda. is aRmoaCens, rom mocemuli realoba SesaZlebelia
gardaqmnas, miseulad Secvalos, ar datovos aucileblad iseTad, rogoradac is miewodeba.

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 proeqcia

proeqciis warmoSoba zrdis im periods ukavSirdeba, rodesac kargis da cudis kategoriebi Semodis bavSvis
cxovrebaSi, roca moralis, danaSaulis cnebebi iwyeben formirebas. niSandoblivia bavSvis ganviTarebis sawyis
etapze es introgenirebuli kategoriebia, anu sxvebi, ufrosebi gansazRvraven, awvdian bavSvs, Tu ra aris kargi da
cudi, rogor moiqces, rom dadebiTi Sefaseba daimsaxuros da rogor ara _ rom dasjili ar aRmoCndes. proeqciis dros
adamiani garkveul sakuTar nawils, introecirebuli nawilis zegavleniT garemos miawers, ar surs masTan
identificireba, radgan garemodan introecirebuli faseuloba mas amis gamo kicxavs. am dros proeqcirebuls ar hyofnis
Zala pasuxismgebloba aiRos sakuTar saqcielze, daupirispirdes garemos. amis sanacvlod is sakuTar qcevas sxvas
miawers. ara marto miawers, aramed garemos kicxavs imis gamo, rac sinamdvileSi misgan momdinareobs. amas
droebiTi gantivrTvis efeqti aqvs, radgan amiT bralis gancdis arideba xdeba, magram urTierTobis aseTi forma
individs xels uSlis realobasTan adeqvatur kontaqtSi, ar anviTarebs pasuxismgeblobas, Sedegad aferxebs pirovnul
zrdas.
sqematurad proeqciebis mqone pirovneba ase SeiZleba gamovxatoT.

sakuTari `me~-s miuRebel nawils proeqciis mqone gare realobas miawers.

Sedegad proecirebuli ver ansxvavebs Sinagan da garegan samyaros, masTan sazRvari `me~-s gareTaa
gatanili. proeqcirebuls ara marto gadabraleba axasiaTebs, misTvis niSandoblivia paranoiac, rom sxvebi mas
zians ayeneben, rac safuZvels iRebs iqidan, rom Tavad surT sxvisTvis zianis miyeneba, magram ar aRiareben
amas da piriqiT garemos abraleben sakuTar gasakicx tendenciebs.
proeqciuli qcevis mqones axasiaTebs is, rac kinoTeatrSi kinos Cvenebisas xdeba. firze moxvedrili
sinaTle, yvelafer imas, rac maszea aRbeWdili, TeTr ekranze warmoaCens, anu firze arsebul suraTs sinaTle
faqtiurad TeTr ekranze gadaitans, darbazSi mjdomi _ firze asaxuls ekrans miawers, risi iluziac savsebiT
damajereblad eqmnebaT filmis mayureblebs; swored aseTi gadatanis ganxorcielebas axerxebs subieqti
proeqciis dros.
proeqcia agznebas, romelic me-s miuRebeli nawilidan momdinareobs aqrobs, winaaRmdegobis reaqcia
am agznebis nivelirebisken aris mimarTuli. SegrZnebis blokirebiT ikargeba sakuTari qcevis gacnobierebis
SesaZlebloba. proeqciis dros adamiani erTmaneTisgan mijnavs Tavisi pirovnebis karg da cud, naTel da bnel
mxareebs, is rac unda, rom icodes sakuTar Tavze, da rac ara. pirovnebis is nawilebi, romlebic sakuTrad ar
ganicdeba da garemoze proecirdeba geStalt Terapiis enaze metaforulad pirovnebaSi arsebul xvrelebad
moixsenieba. msgavsad holandiuri yvelisa, romlis xvrelebic produqts, anu yvels ar warmoadgens.
fsiqoTerapiis mizania pirovnebaSi arsebuli e. w. xvrelebis amovseba, misTvis am nawilebis dabruneba. es
mizani gaucxoebul nawilebTan identifikaciiT miiRweva.
rei bredberis erT-erT fantastikur moTxrobaSi aRwerilia mayureblis warmodgenebis ekranze proecirebis
situacia, romelSiac lomebi, romlebic fantaziis nayofni arian ekranidan realobaSi gadmodian da Wamen,
anadgureben adamianebs. SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom proeqcia axali, warmosaxuli realobaa, romelic specifikurad
gansxvavebulad moqmedebs Cvenze.
cnobili reJisoris andrei tarkovskis fsiqologiur filmSi `solarisi~, kosmonavtebi samyaros gamosakvlevad
ucxo planetze mifrinaven magram ucxo planeta solarisi Tavs icavs `daupatiJebeli stumrebisagan~, Tavdacva
imaSi gamoixateba, rom kosmonavtTa sindisSi arsebuli codvebi am planetaze, realobad proecirdebian,
materializirdebian da amiT SeuZleblad autanels xdian kosmonavtebis yofas, romelTa sicocxlec

34
TviTmkvlelobiTa da autaneli tanjviT mTavrdeba. filmis morali da azri SemdgomSia, Tu adamiani proecirebas
axdens, xolo misi Sinaarsebi codvebis gamo saSinelebebs moicavs, yofiereba autaneli xdeba.
proeqcia, ra Tqma unda, adamianze yovelTvis negatiurad ar moqmedebs. mas aqvs realobasTan kontaqtis
funqciac. misi meSveobiT Cven intuiciurad vxvdebiT sxvebSi mimdinare procesebs, es normaluri adamianuri
Tvisebaa, rac xels uwyobs adamianTa urTierTgagebas. gadaWarbebul gadaxras Tu ar warmoadgens proeqcia
bevr sainteresos gvawvdis Cvens gare samyaroSi, realobaSi mimdinare movlenebis Sesaxeb.

retrofleqsia

termini retrofleqsia niSnavs sakuTari Tavisken Semobrunebas. rogorc dacviTi funqcia es imaSi
gamoixateba, rom adamiani sakuTar Tavs erTdroulad momqmed subieqtadac ganixilavs da gare realobadac,
damkvirvebladac da dakvirvebis obieqtadac. Cveulebriv janmrTeli adamiani sakuTar Tavs da gare realobas
Soris avlebs sazRvars, retrofleqsiis dros es sazRvari sakuTar TavSi, me-Si gadis, romlis erTi nawili ise eqceva
da ganixilavs meores, rogorc `me~ garemos. am ucnauri damcavi meqanizmis warmoSobis mizezs xSirad
bavSvobis periodSi mkacr, amkrZalav garemos miaweren. igi axSobda, Trgunavda, bavSvis bunebriv
reaqciebs, misi gamoxatvis SemTxvevaSi ki sjida mas. ufro metic aseTi mkacri sastiki garemo ara marto
axSobs TviTgamoxatvis reaqciebs, aramed aswavlis adamians, rom Tavad unda CaaxSos, aRkveTos
gamoxatvis reaqciebi; amas ufiqsirebs rogorc `karg tons~, normas. amgvari mimarTebis ganmtkicebis Sedegad
bavSvi ise sastikad eqceva sakuTar Tavs, rogorc manamde mkacri, amkrZalavi garemo eqceoda mas.
retrofleqsiisTvis damaxasiaTebeli reaqciaa _ agzneba, romelic garemosadmi reaqcias gamoxatavs refleqsurad
iTrguneba da qcevebi sakuTari Tavisken Semobrundeba. Sedegad siyvarulica da agresiac, romelic gare
obieqtebisadmi unda iyos mimarTuli, sakuTari personisken ukan trialdeba. siyvarulis retrofleqsiis ukidures
magaliTs narcisizmi warmoadgens, xolo agresias ki TviTmkvleloba.
narcisi retrofleqcirebuli arsebaa, romelsac blokirebuli aqvs is rac aucilebelia, anu siyvarulis gare obieqtze
mimarTva. es SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos aRzrdaSi daSvebuli SecdomebiT, rodesac siyvarulis ltolvis
sxvisadmi gamoxatva subieqtisTvis cud, amoralur, dasjad movlenad aRiqmeboda. amis gamo narciss isRa
darCenoda, rom siyvarulis ltolva sakuTar Tavze waremarTa, Sedegad, man garemos mxridan mkacri protesti
ar daimsaxura.
TviTmkvlelic retrofleqsirebulia. misi gareSe obieqtisadmi agresia daTrgunulia, ganmtkicebuli dasjiTi
reaqciiT. Sedegad agresia gareSe obieqtis magivrad sakuTar Tavzea mimarTuli. TviTmkvleloba, ra Tqma
unda, retrofleqsirebuli agresiis ukiduresi gamovlinebaa. ufro xSirad saxezea nevrotuli TviTdasja, gakicxva,
moraluri TviTgvema da tanjva, rac agresiis sakuTar Tavze warmarTviTaa ganpirobebuli. Cveulebriv ltolvebis,
emociebis Sekaveba an gamoxatva damokidebulia imaze Tu ra moTxovnilebebs ikmayofilebs adamiani am
dros. normalur mdgomareobaSi maTi xan Sekavebaa mizanSewonili, xanac gamoxatva-gamovlena.
retrofleqsiasTan gvaqvs saqme, roca calmxrivad, mizanSeuwonlad ltolvebis mxolod Sekavebas aqvs adgili,
araa am dros muskulatoris doneze agznebas aqvs adgili, Sedegad retrofleqsirebuli, 180 0-gradusiT sakuTari
Taviskenaa Semobrunebuli.
retrofleqsiisas adamiani ise eqceva sakuTar Tavs, rogorc TviTon sxvebs moeqceoda, an ise eqceva
sakuTar Tavs, rogorc sxvas unda, rom mas moeqces. es xdeba imis gamo, rom mas rogorc unda rom sxvebi
moeqcnen, ise ar eqcevian. xolo, rogorc unda rom sxvas moeqces, ver eqceva.

35
 sqematurad retrofleqsirebuli pirovneba ase SeiZleba gamovxatoT. masSi kontaqtis sazRvari, romelic me-
sa da garemos Soris unda gadiodes me-s SigniT gadis, Tan ise rom erTi nawili meores ganixilavs garemod da
piriqiT.
inteleqtualuri procesi, analizi, sakuTar TavTan mimarTebas gulisxmobs da retrofleqsias warmoadgens.
fiqri-analizi Cveulebriv, qcevis win xdeba, misi funqciaa SeaCeros kontaqti, jer gaarkvios da Semdeg
daamyaros obieqtTan mimarTeba, romelic subieqtisTvis mizanSewonili, moTxovnilebis damakmayofilebeli
iqneba. es bunebrivi kontaqtis damyarebis wina stadiaa, romelsac Tavisi daniSnuleba aqvs, magram rodesac es
stadia garemosTan mimarTebaze araa warmarTuli da kontaqtiT ar mTavrdeba, saxezea dacviTi reaqcia,
romelic pirovnebisTvis mxolod zianis momtania.
retrofleqsiuri mimarTebis ori done SeiZleba gamovyoT. erTi, romlis drosac adamiani sakuTar Tavs ise
eqceva, esaubreba, efereba, komforts uqmnis, rogorc sxvebi, garemo unda rom epyrobodes. es retrofleqsiis ioli
gamovlinebaa. gacilebiT mZime formaa, rodesac individi arc garemosTan Sedis SexebaSi da imdenad
akontrolebs, ukrZalavs sakuTar erT nawils, meoresTan urTierTobas, rom xSirad gaunZrevlad, umoqmedo
pozaSia gaSeSebuli. aseTi Zlieri formis retrofleqsirebuli mxolod iZulebiTi aucileblobis situaciaSi Sedis ara
marto sxvebTan urTierTobaSi, aramed sakuTar TavTanac ki. Cveulebriv aseTi retrofleqsirebuli ugulebelyofs,
rogorc sxvebis aseve sakuTar moTxovnilebebs, maTi dakmayofilebis gzebs. aseTi retrofleqsirebulis
mkurnalobisas man jer sakuTar TavTan mimarTeba unda ganicados, gaacnobieros da Semdeg, am
gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT sxvebTan daamyaros kontaqti. msgavsad imisa, rodesac erT ucxo enas kargad
euflebian, ufro advilia meores swavla, vidre am codnis gareSe.
retrofleqsiis dros, agznebis energia, imis magivrad, rom gare realobasTan kontaqtSi, mis gardasaqmnelad
da moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad daixarjos, fuWad, sakuTar Tavze mimarTebaSi ixarjeba. amitom
retrofleqsirebuli adamiani ar viTardeba, ar ganicdis pirovnul zrdas da daxmarebas saWiroebs.

defleqsia

defleqsia warmoadgens dacviT reaqcias, romelic gamoixateba ganrideba, Tvalis aridebaSi (pirdapiri da
gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT). am dros adamians obieqti fokusSi, centrSi ki ar hyavs moqceuli, aramed dakvirveba
sxva meorexarisxovan obieqtze an fonze gadaaqvs. amiT subieqti aqrobs, aneitralebs Sesaxeb obieqtTan
kontaqts. Sedegad gaurbis im daZabulobas, romelic adamianTan an raime obieqtTan kontaqts moaqvs. adamiani
am dros realobisgan abstragirebas axdens, gamoTqvams zogad, arafris mTqmel frazebs, riTac gaurbis
realobasTan cocxal kontaqts. minimumamde dahyavs situaciaSi sakuTari emociuri CarTuloba.
Tu ratom iqceva adamiani ase, mizezi isev bavSvobidan araswori aRzrdidan momdinareobs. Cveulebriv
adamianis bunebrivi reaqciaa fokusSi moaqcios, kontaqti daamyaros interesis obieqtTan, magram Cvens
realobaSi dominirebs qcevis normebi, romlis mixedviTac mraval intimur saintereso obieqts bavSvma Tvali unda
aaridos, ar unda miaCerdes, radgan es ar iTvleba zrdilobian, karg tonad. xSirad sazogadoebis mxridan, aseTi
qceva siTavxeded da uzrdelobadaa Sefasebuli. defleqsiis dros realoba fokuss dakargulad, gadRabnilad,
gafermkrTalebulad gamoiyureba. awmyo kargavs Tavis aqtualobas, ris gamoc adamiani TiTqos droisa da sivrcis
SegrZnebis gareSea. es erTgvari daZabulobisgan ganmuxtvis efeqtis mqone reaqciaa, magram Tu refleqsurad da
sistematurad meordeba, adamiani ver axerxebs misTvis mniSvnelovan adamianebTan da obieqtebTan kontaqtis
damyarebas, ris gamoc misi moTxovnilebebi daukmayofilebeli, TviTon ki imedgacruebuli da frustrirebuli rCeba.
sqematurad defleqsiis SemTxveva ase SeiZleba gamovxatoT:

36
 adamiani gare realobis obieqts fokusSi ar aqcevs, Tvals aridebs mas. defleqsiis saSualebiT adamiani ebrZvis,
Trgunavs im agznebas, romelic obieqtis interesiT aris warmoSobili. amas igi Tvalis aridebiT axerxebs. defleqsiis
manevrirebiT adamianebi cdiloben, uxerxulobiT, simorcxviT, SiSiT gamowveuli gancdebis ignorirebas da amiT
maTTvis aqtualuri, magram usiamovno situaciebTan Tavis aridebas.
es imas niSnavs, rom defleqsiiT manevrireba umravles SemTxvevaSi saziano, usargeblo qcevaa.
adamianebTan, obieqtebTan urTierToba subieqtis moTxovnilebidan gamomdinare xan moiTxovs kontaqts,
xan ganridebas. rodesac kontaqtia moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad saWiro da subieqti ganridebas
anxorcielebs, iseve rogorc, Tu ganridebaa saWiro moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad da subieqti kontaqts
mimarTavs, orive SemTxvevaSi qceva aramizanSewonilad CaiTvleba. moTxovnilebidan gamomdinare bevr
SemTxvevaSi ganridebiTi defleqsiuri qcevac SeiZleba aRmoCndes saWiro da mizanSewonili. obieqturia, rom
SevafasoT defleqsiuri qceva xan sasargebloa da xan saziano, amitom misi gamoyeneba gamarTlebuli rom iyos
is gacnobierebulad unda sruldebodes. diplomatiuri saubari imiTi gamoirCeva, rom xSirad mtkivneuli
sakiTxebis cnobierad gverdis avla xdeba, riTac momavalSi igive sakiTxebis gadaWra ufro SesaZlebelia da
advili. aseT gverdis asavlel sakiTxebs miekuTvneba mtkivneuli nacionaluri da intimuri Temebi. amgvari
sakiTxebis midgomisas defleqsiuri qceva xSirad gamarTlebulia.
problemebi maSin iwyeba, rodesac defleqsiuri qceva avtomaturad, gaumarTleblad xSirad meordeba. aseTi
adamianisTvis rTulia Rrma kontaqtSi Sevides sxvasTan, aseve movlenis arsSi, siRrmiseulad gaerkves.
defleqsiis qcevis mqonesTan muSaobisas mniSvnelovania problemaze taqtianad miTiTeba, rom aman
klientSi mZafri protesti da negativiseburi reaqcia ar gamoiwvios. amasTan fokusSi mosaqcevia, figura,
romelic ganridebas iwvevs da gasacnobierebelia is SegrZnebebi, romlebic klients am dros ganridebisken
ubiZgebs. aseve unda gacnobierdes mxareebis _ me-Sen mimarTeba, rom laparakisas xSirad aRiniSnos
mxareebis dasaxeleba me da Sen, rac acnobierebs, acocxlebs fermkrTal kontaqts.

konfluencia
(Serwyma)

konfluencia, anu Serwyma gamoixateba garemosTan gaTqvefaSi, sakuTar Tavsa da garemos Soris sazRvris
dakargva ver SegrZnebaSi. amis sapirispirod janmrTeli organizmi garkveviT, mkafiod ganicdis, Tu ra
sazRvrebSi imyofeba misi `me~ da gare realoba, romelTanac is garkveuli saxis kontaqtSi, urTierTobaSia.
konfluenciis problema avtonomiis, identobis dakargvaSi vlindeba. adamiani imas fiqrobs, ganicdis da akeTebs
rasac mas garemo axvevs Tavs.
konfluenciis problema dabadebamde fizikur da fsiqologiur mdgomareobidan momdinareobs. Casaxvidan
dabadebamde bavSvi da deda erT rTul fizikur organizms warmoadgenen, romelSiac saerTo fsiqo-fizikuri
procesebi mimdinareobs. am periodSi Serwyma bunebrivi, normaluri mdgomareobaa, romelic aucilebelia
embrionis prenatalur ganviTarebisaTvis. embrioni fizikurad Serwymulia dedis organizmTan, misi saSualebiT
iRebs wyals, sakvebs, sicocxlisTvis saWiro yvela saWiro produqts. ise rom Tavad pasiuria am procesSi, ar
sWirdeba rom daupirispirdes gare realobas, radgan pasiuri Serwyma sakmarisia, misi zrda-ganviTarebisTvis.
dabadeba da Wiplaris gadaWra bavSvisTvis warmoadgens dedasTan fizikuri Serwymis dasrulebas,
magram fizikuri gancalkeveba jer kidev ar niSnavs damoukideblad arsebobisTvis mzaobas. imisTvis,
rom adamianma damoukideblad SeZlos arseboba saWiroa dedisgan fsiqologiuri avtonomiis mopovebac.

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fsiqologiuri Serwyma fizikuri Serwymis garkveuli gamovlinebaa. fizikuri damoukideblobis
misaRwevad axalSobil bavSvs minimaluri aqtivoba dasWirda, ZiriTadi aqtivoba isev dedam da
garemom gaswia. rac Seexeba fsiqologiuri damoukideblobis process, mis misaRwevad Tavad bavSvzea
bevri ram damokidebuli, Tu rogor gaarTmevs am rTul amocanas Tavs. aRniSnuli problemis ver
daZlevas Serwymamde mivyavarT. Serwyma esaa nevrotuli reaqcia ganerido kontaqts. adamiani ver
arCevs Tu sad mTavrdeba sakuTari me da iwyeba sxvisi. igi Tavis azrebs, grZnobebs, survilebs ver
ansxvaveben sxvisisgan. am mdgomareobis gamomxatveli viTarebaa, rodesac laparakSi `me~-s
magivrad iyeneben `Cvens~, radgan gansxvaveba sxvadasxva `me~-ebs Soris ignorirebulia.
sqematurad Serwymis mdgomareoba ase SeiZleba gamovsaxoT.

sadac me-sa da garemos Soris kontaqtis sazRvari waSlilia, amiT adamiani cdilobs Tavi daaRwios
axal da ucxo gancdebs, konfliqts. cdilobs waSalos, nivelireba moaxdinos im gansxvavebebis, romlebic
arsebobs garemoSi. sabWoTa kavSirSi, socialur sferoSi adamianTa cxovrebis donis gaTanabrebis
politika Serwymis reaqciis gamoxatuleba iyo. saxlis zoma, materialuri Semosavali, Cacmuloba, azrebi
da survilebi adamianebs iseTi unda hqonodaT, rogorsac garemo, komunisturi partia hkarnaxobda. misi
darRveva politikuri danaSauli iyo. yvelaze ufro miuReblad iTvleboda da amitom mkacrad isjeboda. am
mxriv komunisturi sazogadoeba erTaderT gamonakliss ar warmoadgens. Serwymis saxis tendenciebi,
cnobierad Tu aracnobierad dadebuli `SeTanxmebebi~ erTnairad ifiqron, aRiqvan, moiqcnen arsebobs
wyvilebis, partniorebis, ojaxis wevrebis, fexburTis gundis wevrebsa da mravali sxva gaerTianebis
warmomadgenlebs Soris; magram radgan bunebaSi ar arsebobs zustad msgavsi ori organizmi, amitom
Tavad arsebulis unikalobaSi devs Serwymis darRvevis bunebrivi ltolva-moTxovnileba.
rodesac partniorebs Soris situacia iSleba Cveulebriv is vinc gancalkevebis iniciatoria, Sinaganad
danaSauls, brals ganicdis, xolo mopirispire mxare brals sdebs aseTi saqcielisTvis. miuxedavad amisa, aseTi
nabijis gadadgma xSirad gamarTlebulia sakuTari interesebisa da moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis mizniT,
romelic upirispirdeba arsebuli situaciis SenarCunebas.
Serwymis situaciebidan aris iseTebic, romlebic met-naklebad warmatebiT viTardeba, aseTTa kategorias
miekuTvneba qorwineba, romelSiac ori adamiani nel-nela erTi Sexedulebis, faseulobebisa da gemovnebis xdeba,
fsiqologiurad erwymian ra erTmaneTs. miuxedavad amisa, Serwyma upirispirdeba karg kontaqts, romlis drosac
gansxvavebuli mxareebi xedaven erTmaneTs, iTvaliswineben urTierTis pozicia-Sexedulebebs da amis safuZvelze
ageben urTierTmimarTebebs.
imisaTvis, rom moxdes Serwymis daZleva saWiroa sakuTar Tavze koncentrireba, imis gacnobiereba, rom
arsebobs grZnobebi da moTxovnilebebi, romlebic mxolod Sen gaxasiaTebs. maTi dakmayofileba ki aucileblad
ar iwvevs sasurveli urTierTobebis gawyvetas, konfliqts axlobel adamianebTan. Serwymis procesSi
damxmarea sakuTari moTxovnilebebisa da survilebis verbalizacia, maTi xmamaRla warmoTqma,
gacnobiereba.
rogorc aRvniSneT, muqaris SemTxvevaSi dacviTi funqciebis amoqmedeba da ganrideba bunebrivi
reaqciaa.
proeqciis, introeqciis, Serwymis, retrofleqsiisa da difleqsiis meSveobiT organizmi cdilobs Caaqros iseTi
agznebebi, romlebic misTvis zedmetad saSiSi da Znelad gasamklavebelia, magram rogorc vnaxeT Tu es
reaqciebi refleqsurad, avtomaturad mudmivad meordebian, maSin amgvari reagireba nevrotuli qcevis saxes
iRebs. igi individis moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebas ewinaaRmdegeba, ris gamoc pirovnuli zrda da
ganviTareba ferxdeba.

38
 nevrozi

rodesac adamianebi martod grZnoben Tavs Wamen;

rodesac brazoben siyvaruliT arian dakavebulni;
rodesac seqsualurad arian aRznebulni
tribunasTan gamodian.
vilhelm raixi

wina TavSi Cven introeqcia, proeqcia, Serwyma, retrofleqsia da difleqsia davaxasiaTeT. isini ukiduresad,
paTologiur gamovlinebaSi nevrotul qcevebs warmoadgenen. nevrozi pirovnebis zrdis Sewyvetas, stagnacias
warmoadgens. ganviTarebis Sewyveta dauZleveli, gadaulaxavi konfliqti udevs safuZvlad, romelic
TviTganviTarebis, TviTregulaciis biologiur kanons ewinaaRmdegeba. fric perlsis azriT: `adamiani socialuri da
fsiqologiuri wonasworobis SegrZnebiT ibadeba; es SegrZneba iseTive mwvavea, rogorc fizikuri
wonasworobis gancda. yoveli moqmedeba, romelsac is socialur Tu fsiqologiur doneze akeTebs, aris
wonasworobis aRdgenaze mimarTuli qceva. yoveli misi moqmedeba pirad moTxovnilebebsa da sazogadoebis
moTxovnilebebs Soris wonasworobis damyarebas emsaxureba. am procesis sirTule momdinareobs ara
wonasworobis mopovebis survilis uaryofidan, aramed wonasworobis mopovebisa da SenarCunebis
gamomwvev qcevis Sesrulebis sirTulidan~.
geStaltTerapiuli koncefciiT individi Tavisi arsiT ar aris antisocialuri arseba. individsa da sazogadoebas Soris
Tandayolili bunebrivi konfliqti ar arsebobs. individs socialuri kontaqtebis moTxovnileba gaaCnia. garTuleba,
konfliqti individsa da sociums Soris maSin Cans, rodesac individs pirovnuli zrda, momwifeba, sakuTari bunebisa
da potencialis gaSla surs, magram frustracias ganicdis. konfliqtis gadalaxva frustraciis winaSe aRmoCenas mis
gacnobierebasa da daZlevas niSnavs. individi da sociumi orive erTi mTlianis nawilebia, xolo nawilebs Soris
dapirispireba Tu arsebobs, es problemebis gaCenaze miuTiTebs. individSi amgvari dapirispireba xSirad
warmoiSveba biologiuri moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebasa da moralur-socialur moTxovnebis winaaRmdegobis
gamo. es imgvari situaciaa, rodesac individi TiTqos orad ixliCeba, misi erTi nawili meores upirispirdeba. idealSi
gacnobierebuli da garkveulad gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos, rogorc biologiuri, ise socialur-moraluri moTxovnebi.
nawilebs Soris SesaZlo konfliqtis aseTi formulirebac SeiZleba. rodesac individi Tavisi biologiuri
moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad sazogadoebaze zomaze met zewolas anxorcielebs, is kriminali xdeba, xolo
rodesac sazogadoeba Tavisi moralidan gamomdinare individze zomaze met zewolas axdens, individs nevrozi
unviTardeba.
nevrozi adamianis pirovnuli zrdis Sewyvetas, stagnacias warmoadgens. am dros wydeba normaluri
ganviTarebis procesi, irRveva adeqvaturi mimarTeba rogorc garemosadmi, aseve sakuTari Tavisadmic; adamiani
nevrozis dros rTuli, misi ZalisTvis gadauWreli problemis winaSe dgeba, rodesac arsebuli konfliqti ar aZlevs
sakuTari moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebisa da gacnobierebis saSualebas, Sedegad igi erTi da igive konfliqtis
gadauWrelad gameorebasa da tyveobaSi imyofeba. konfliqti adamianis dezorganizaciaSi gamoixateba, adamians
mravali moTxovnileba da ltolva amoZravebs, rogor unda moxdes am moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofileba? normaSi
adamians moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebis mkafio ierarqia gaaCnia, romelic gulisxmobs, rom garkveul
moTxovilebebs pirvelxarisxovani, danarCens ki meorexarisxovani prioriteti eniWebaT. magaliTad, Tuki saxli
iwvis, adamians ki kbilebi aqvs gasawmendi, pirvelxarisxovania Tavis gadarCena da ara kbilebis xexvaze

39
zrunva. nevrotiks ar gaaCnia moTxovnilebaTa mkafio ierarqia; Tu ra dros ra moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebaa
aqtualuri. aqedan gamomdinare, garemos ra obieqtTanaa saWiro aqtualuri kontaqti da rasTan ara. geStaltis enaze
rom vTqvaT garemos ra obieqtebia dadebiTi kaTeqsisiT datvirTuli, romelTanac miaxloveba kontaqtia, saWiro
da ra obieqtebi uaryofiTi kaTeqsiiT damuxtuli, romlebic ganridebas saWiroeben. idealSi adamianisTvis
damaxasiaTebelia moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebis naTeli ierarqia; amasTan gare obieqtebTan, romlebic
akmayofileben an xels uSlian moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas mizanSewonili kontaqti da ganrideba. urTierToba
imasac gulisxmobs, rom obieqti, romelic moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebamde dadebiTi kaTeqsisis mqoned
ganicdeba da masTan kontaqti xorcieldeba, moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebis Semdeg uaryofiTi kaTeqsisis mqoned
ganicdeba da ganizideba.
normisagan gansxvavebiT nevrotikma ar icis moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebis ra ierarqiiT isargeblos _ romeli
obieqti miizidos, an ganizidos. Sedegad nevrotikis qceva cudad organizebulia da ar emsaxureba moTxovnilebis
dakmayofilebas. nevrotikisTvis rogorc aRvniSneT gaurkvevelia moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad ra obieqtTan
Sevides kontaqtSi da ras ganaridos Tavi; am gaurkvevlobis gamo nevrotiki ufro xSirad qcevaSi Seferxebulia da
garemosTan Tavis aridebis taqtikiT gamoirCeva.
nevrotikisTvis damaxasiaTebelia dacviTi qcevebi. misTvis erTis mxriv miuRebeli da gaucnobierebelia
sakuTari personis garkveuli nawilebi, maT geStalt TerapiaSi rogorc aRvniSneT pirovnebaSi e. w. `xvrelebad~
moixsenieben, msgavsad holandiur yvelSi arsebuli naxvretebisa. meores mxriv, nevrotiki Tavisi Tavis yalb
identifikacias axdens sxvasTan. Sedegad sakuTari me-s aqtualizaciis magier nevrotiki Tavis Tavze warmodgenili
xatis aqtualizacias cdilobs, es mcdeloba marcxisTvisaa ganwiruli, radgan xati es ararealisturi identifikaciaa Tu
rogori unda rom iyos da ara realobaSi ras warmoadgens adamiani. swored pirovnebis is nawili, romelic xatis
nawils ar emTxveva warmoadgens gaucxoebul e. w. `TeTr laqas~. fsiqoTerapia, am Sinaarsebis pirovnebisTvis
gacnobiereba-dabrunebas emsaxureba. imisaTvis, rom adamiani pirovnul zrdas ganicdides, igi unda gaxdes iseTi,
rogoric aris; gaacnobieros da miiRos Tavisi gaucxoebuli nawilebi, mxolod amis Semdegaa SesaZlebeli pirovnuli
zrda; anu sakuTari Tavis aqtualizacia da ara xatis aqtualizaciis unayofo mcdeloba.
axla rac Seexeba nevrozisaTvis damaxasiaTebel niSnebsa da simptomebs. maTgan gamovyofT nevrotul
SfoTvas, mousvenrobas, danaSaulis gancdas da aRSfoTebas. mokled, SevexoT TiToeul maTgans.
nevrotuli SfoTva yvela saxis nevrozisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. igi Sedegia im Sinagani konfliqtis, brZolis,
romelic adamianSi xdeba. erTis mxriv, agzneba, romelic adamians moTxovnilebis damakmayofilebeli qcevisken
warmarTavs, xolo meores mxriv, TviTkontroli, romelic Trgunavs, aferxebs agznebas, ganapirobebs nevrotul
mdgomareobas. es yovelive nevrotul SfoTvaSi, mousvenrobaSi gamoixateba. es is viTarebaa, rodesac agzneba
da misi kontroli-Sekavebis mcdeloba adamianSi konfliqts warmoSobs. agzneba gulis, moqmedebis, sisxlis
mimoqcevis sunTqvis aCqarebaSi gamoixateba. am impulsebs nevrotiki TviTkontroliT, SekavebiT pasuxobs.
ikavebs sunTqvas, roTac aZnelebs aCqarebuli gulisTvis Jangbadis miwodebas, aferxebs moZraobas-
moqmedebas, roca amis sapirispirod Sinagani impulsebi ganTavisuflebas, gamoxatvas saWiroeben. Sedegad
saxezea Sinagani mZlavri impulsebi, romelic adamianma da garemom warmoSo da am impulsebis fiziologiuri
Sekavebis, kontrolis mcdeloba. es yvelaferi adamianSi gamoixateba rogorc nevrotuli SfoTva, romelic misTvis
Semawuxebeli-autaneli. igi aqtualuri moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebaSi xelisSemSleli faqtoria. am procesis
mokle formulireba aseTia: nevrotuli SfoTva esaa agznebis, mRelvarebis Sekavebis Sedegi. sxvanairad asec
SeiZleba iTqvas. nevrotuli SfoTva esaa agznebis procesSi organizmisTvis Jangbadis miwodebis Sekaveba.
axla rac Seexeba nevrotuli SfoTvisTvis damaxasiaTebeli danaSaulis gancdisa da sxvisi dadanaSaulebis
simptomebs. adamianebs Soris normaluri, janmrTeli urTierToba erTmaneTs Soris kontaqtis, procesis
gacnobierebas moiTxovs. sakuTari da sxvisi e. w. kontaqtis sazRvrebis, specifikuri maxasiaTeblebis, gagebas
gulisxmobs. amgvari urTierTobis Sedegia moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba sxvasTan, SesaZlo Serwyma, erT

40
sazRvrebSi moqceva. magram arsebobs Serwyma kontaqtis gareSec, rodesac urTierToba, sxvisi miReba, masTan
Sexeba ar cnobierdeba; aseTi Serwyma xels uSlis kontaqts, urTierTmimarTebebis gacnobierebas, amgvari
Serwyma misi Sedegebi SeiZleba Semawuxebeli gaxdes. Sedegad Tu gaucnobierebeli Serwymis Sewyvetaze
pasuxismgebloba adamianma Tavis Tavze aiRo, maSin mas danaSaulis grZnoba uCndeba. Tu Serwymis
Sewyvetaze pasuxismgebloba partniors daakisra, maSin aRSfoTeba bralis gancda mowinaaRmdege mxares
miewereba. am simptomis mokle formulireba aseTia. danaSaulis gancda es proeqcirebuli aRSfoTebaa, masze
vinc Seyrwmaze uari Tqva, an sakuTar Tavze, an partniorze. jansaRi konfliqtis aRdgena is saSualebaa, romelic
aneitralebs bralis gancdasa da nevrotul SfoTvas. adamianis jgufTan an individTan kontaqtis gareSe Serwyma
nevrotul reaqciebs maSin warmoSobs, rodesac individi da jgufi erTdroulad sxvadasxva moTxovnilebebs
ganicdis. individma am dros ar icis romels mianiWos prioriteti im moTxovnilebas, romelsac TviTon ganicdis Tu
jgufis moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad izrunos. aseTi jgufis rolSi aris xolme eri, saxelmwifo, ojaxi, naTesav-
megobrebi. adamiani xSirad gardauvali alternativis winaSe dgas, Tu ra gaakeTos, romeli moTxovnilebis
dakmayofilebaze izrunos. konfliqti maSin warmoiSveba, rodesac individis moTxovnileba upirispirdeba jgufis
moTxovnilebas. sakuTari moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba xSirad moiTxovs jgufisgan gandgomas, rac specifikuri
unaris gamoCenas niSnavs. jgufTan Serwymul individs prioritetuli moTxovnilebis gamoyofis, ierarqiis Seqmnis
unari ar gaaCnia. amitom, nevrotul qcevebs anxorcielebs, misi sasicocxlo moTxovnilebebi daukmayofilebeli
rCeba. amis sapirispirod roca individs aqvs prioritetuli moTxovnilebebis gansazRvris SesaZlebloba, unari
Seswevs kontaqti daamyaros garemosTan, mis mier ganxorcielebuli qceva Sedegis momtania misTvis da sabolo
jamSi sazogadoebisTvisac.
geStalt Terapia rogorc meTodika ZiriTadad nevrozis mkurnalobazea mimarTuli da pirovnuli zrdis efeqtur
sistemas warmoadgens.

fsiqozi

yvela sagani, misTvis TiTqos misawvdom farglebs miRma aRmoCnda. igi imdenad Sors iyo
yovelive imisgan, rac xdeboda, rom iq, sadac xedavda da esmoda, TviTon arc ki imyofeboda.
`rogorc aero-foto gadaReba~. _ fiqrobda bloxi kedlebze Camokidebuli irmis rqebis cqerisas.
misTvis bgera samyaros miRma aRiqmeboda, rogorc xalxis xvelebisa da ceminebis xma radioTi
translirebuli RvTismsaxurebisas.
peter hadke
`mekaris SiSi TerTmetmetrianis dartymis win~

zigmund froidi, fsiqoanalitikur etiudebSi aanalizebda nevrozs da fsiqozs, am ori jgufis fsiqikur
daavadebebs. igi maT erTmaneTisgan asxvavebs `me~-s SigniT mimdinare konfliqtis TvalsazrisiT. nevrozi
`me~-s SigniT arsebuli darRvevaa, romelic egosa da id-s Soris gadaulaxav konfliqtSi imaleba. romlis
safuZvelic individisa da socialur moTxovnilebebs Soris arsebuli da vergadaWrili, mZafri dapirispirebaa.
fsiqozs froidi aRwers, rogorc me-sa da gare realobis Soris arsebul gadauWrel konfliqts, romlis drosac me ver
axerxebs realobis fantaziisgan, halucinaciisgan gansxvavebas, me-ze id-is dominirebis gamo fsiqopati iluzorul
samyaros qmnis da Semdeg masSi imyofeba. geStalt TerapiaSi gaziarebulia aRniSnuli Sexeduleba,
miuxedavad imisa, rom perlsi ZiriTadad nevrozebis mkurnalobiT iyo dakavebuli, igi fsiqozebidan yuradRebas
amaxvilebda, paranoidul xasiaTsa da mis Taviseburebebze.

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 paranoiduli xasiaTisTvis, TeTr laqas sakuTari miuRebeli Sinaarsebi warmoadgenen, romelTa
gacnobiereba, introeqcia ar xdeba, radgan sakuTari miuRebeli Sinaarsi ara sakuTrad, aramed ucxo sxeulad
miiCneva. Sedegad, is sxvebze, ara `me~-ze, gare realobaze proeqcirdeba, romlis mimarTac sastiki agresiaa
gamovlenili.
amas emateba zizRi, romelic miuRebeli garemos, realurad ki sakuTari ver introicirebuli Sinaarsebis
mimarTaa gamoxatuli, amrigad, konfliqtis sakuTar TavSi, an mis gareT gadawyvetis mcdeloba marcxiT
mTavrdeba. paranoiduli xasiaTisTvis garemosadmi dapirispireba da agresia bunebrivi, mosalodneli reaqciaa.
drodadro aris mcdeloba, zizRis gamomwvevi Sinaarsebis gacnobiereba, integrirebis, rac ver monelebuli
produqtis xelaxla miRebis da xelaxali gadamuSavebis mcdelobaa, Sedegad am masalis xelaxla gadaylapva,
gemos gasinjva kvlav zizRTan da am Sinaarsisadmi kvlav miuRebloba xelaxal agresiaSi gamoixateba.
paranoidul xasiaTSi ori ukiduresoba SeiniSneba erT SemTxvevaSi zizRis gamomwvevi grZnoba sakuTar
Tavzea mimarTuli, Tavs igi araraobad aRiqvams, radgan identifikacias sibinZuresTan axdens, amis
sapirispirod meore SemTxvevaSi zizRi gare obieqtze proecirdeba. Sedegad, damcirebuli garemos fonze Tavis
gandideba xdeba. aseTi fsiqozis simptomia akviateba WuWyisgan ganTavisuflebis mcdeloba, rac sakuTari
sxeulis gamudmebul banvaSi gamoixateba.

geStalt Terapiis mizani da mimdinareoba

adamians SesaZlebelia waarTva yvelaferi, garda adamianur TavisuflebaTa Soris

uknasknelisa _ Tavisufleba airCios sakuTari damokidebuleba nebismier arsebul viTarebaSi,
Tavisufleba airCios sakuTari gza.
viqtor frankli

geStalt Terapevtis mizani da moqmedebis teqnika originaluri da tradiciuli fsiqoTerapiuli modelebisagan

gansxvavebulia. qvemoT moyvanili fsiqoTerapiuli procedurebi mimarTulia adamianSi darRveuli
TviTregulaciis procesis aRdgenisaken. Terapiis mizania adamiani eyrdnobodes sakuTar Tavs, rom kontrolis
lokusi pirovnebis SigniT ganicdebodes.
rodesac aqcenti TviTregulaciis aRdgenaze keTdeba, es imas niSnavs, rom cocxali adamiani brmad ar
unda iyos Tavs moxveuli normebisa da standartebis tyve. swored amitom, geStalt Terapia Tavis pacientad
zedmetad gonebiT warmarTul adamians ganixilavs; mas, visac sxvisgan gadmoRebuli, daStampuli azrebiT,
situaciis gauTvaliswineblad unda moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba, warmatebis miRweva. amis
sawinaaRmdegod, adamiani, romelsac SeuZlia sazogadoebisadmi keTilganwyobili iyos, brmad ar iziarebs mis
faseulobebs, araa aTqvefili masSi, gaaCnia pirovnuli saxe, ansxvavebs sakuTars garemoSi arsebuli
Sexedulebebisgan, ar sWirdeba geStalt Terapia; igi axerxebs ise daikmayofilos sakuTari moTxovnilebebi, rom
gadauWrel, gaucnobierebel konfliqtSi ar Sevides sociumTan da arc gaiWylitos da gaiTqvifos masSi.
geStalt Terapia pirovnuli zrdis mxardamWeri procesia, romelic realisturi `me~-s gacnobiereba,
rekonstruqcias emsaxureba. nevrotuli me ki iluzoruli `me~-s xatis aqtualizirebis fuWi mcdelobaa. aq unda
aRvniSnoT rom didi mniSvneloba aqvs adamiani ramdenad zustad, adeqvaturad acnobierebs sakuTar Tavs.
pirovnuli zrdisa da pozitiuri cvlilebisaTvis aucilebelia pirovnebam miiRos sakuTari `me~ iseTad, rogoric is
aris realurad da ara Selamazebulad. rodesac adamiani adeqvaturad acnobierebs sakuTar realobas mas Sansi
eZleva ukeTesobisken Seicvalos, xolo Tavis araadeqvaturad aRqmis situaciaSi amas moklebulia. misi qceva
ararealisturia, rac imaSi gamoixateba, rom aseTi qceva ver akmayofilebs im moTxovnilebas, romlis

42
dasakmayofilebladacaa mimarTuli. geStalt Terapevti arkvevs, Tu ras eyrdnoba pirovneba moTxovnilebebis
dasakmayofileblad. Tu nevrotikis daxmarebis wyaro mxolod sxvebi arian, momwifebuli adamianis sayrdeni
sakuTari Tavia. geStalt Terapevti cdilobs moTxovnilebis damakmayofilebeli sayrdeni adamianma sxvebidan,
garemodan sakuTar TavSi aRmoaCinos da gadaitanos. rodesac pacienti geStalt TerapevtTan midis is
fsiqologiur krizisSi imyofeba, romelsac damoukideblad ver umklavdeba, amitom fsiqoTerapevtis daxmarebaze
did molodins amyarebs. geStalt Terapevtis reaqcia erTi SexedviT ucnaurad gamoiyureba. igi daxmarebis
magier zomier frustracias mimarTavs. igi pacientis yavarjeni, sayrdeni ki ar xdeba, aramed cdilobs, rom
pacientSi sakuTari Tavis damxarebis motivi da resursi gaaRvivos. Sedegad adamians problemis gadaWrisas
sxvisi Zieba ki ar unda moundes, aramed saWiro Zalebi sakuTar TavSi unda aRmoaCinos. aseTia geStalt
Terapevtis mxridan daxmarebis strategia.
imisaTvis, rom sasurvel mizans miaRwios geStalt Terapevti arsenalSi Semdegi procedurebia:
urTierTdapirisrebulTa gaerTianeba, grZnobebze yuradRebis gamaxvileba, cnobierebis gafarToeba, sizmrebze
fantaziebze da sxeulze muSaoba, pasuxismgeblobis sakuTar Tavze aReba, winaaRmdegobis gadalaxva.
geStalt Terapevti ara marto Teoriul codnas unda flobdes, aramed warmatebuli muSaobisTvis didi
gamocdilebac esaWiroeba. swored gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiTaa SesaZlebeli im siZneleebis gadalaxva, rac
Terapiul process Tan axlavs. amitom geStalt procedurebis meqanikurad Sesruleba Sedegis momtani araa. am
procedurebis miRma unda idges geStalt Terapevtis Rrma gamocdileba da intuicia, romelic amCnevs klientSi
mimdinare procesebs, ar moqmedebs daStampuli TanmimdevrobiT, aramed intuiciurad, spontanurad, xSirad
paradoqsulad, cocxali urTierTobidan gamomdinare.
am garemoebaTa gamo geStalt Terapia erT-erT yvelaze rTulad gansaxorcielebel procedurad iTvleba.

grZnobebze koncentrireba

geStalt Terapias, misi ganviTarebis adreul stadiaSi `koncentrtaciiT Terapiis~ saxeliTac moixseniebdnen.
es SemTxveviTi ar aris, radgan arsebul modelSi Terapevti didi rols aniWebs problemis aRmoCenas da masze
klientis yuradRebis koncentracias. adamianisTvis SegrZnebebi da grZnobebi garemosTan kontaqtSi yofnis
saSualebebia: amitom, rodesac organizmi grZnobis sicxades kargavs, es nevrotul, ganridebis meqanizmis
mimaniSnebelia.
adamiani xSirad rodesac usiamovno Sinaarsis gancdebs exeba wyvets realobaze koncentrirebas, mis
gacnobierebis. amis Sedegia, Seferxebuli qceva, daumTavrebeli geStalti. awmyoSi arsebuli SiSi da
usiamovneba warsulSi arsebul marcxze da warumateblobaze metyvelebs. Sinaarsi, romelic cnobierebidan
ganidevna ar iqna gacnobierebuli. imisaTvis, rom warsulis awmyoze mavne zegavlena Sesustdes, saWiroa
daumTavrebeli geStaltis gacnobiereba-damTavreba. es mniSvnelovania Semdegi garemoebebis gamo: rodesac
adamiani ar ewinaaRmdegeba raime Sinaarss, maSin misi energia fuWad ar ixarjeba. misi cnobierad saWiro
mimarTulebiT warmarTvis SesaZlebloba Cndeba. meores mxriv, rodesac adamianSi mimdinare brZola-
dapirispireba cnobierdeba SesaZlebloba iqmneba urTierTsawinaaRmdego ZalTa erT geStaltSi integrirebis, rac
adamians saSualebas aZlevs sakuTari miznebi da amocanebi saWiro mimarTulebiT warmarTvisaTvis.
aqtualizirebuli, integrirebuli adamiani naTlad, adeqvaturad aRiqvams masSi aRmocenebul grZnobebs, ar
axdens maT ignorirebas. naTlad ganicdis realobas, cocxlad reagirebs masze. sxvagvarad gamoiyureba
nevrotuli adamiani, misi energia realobisgan wamosul grZnobebTan brZolaSi ixarjeba. is ar iRebs realobas
iseTad, rogoric is aris, aramed ebrZvis mas, rom ar dainaxos, ar aRiqvas rogoric is sinamdvileSia. sakuTar

43
grZnobebTan mebrZoli adamiani TiTqos SuaSia gaxleCili, misi erTi nawili meores upirispirdeba. geStalt
Terapevtis amocanaa adamianma erTis mxriv, miiRos grZnobebi, gancdebi, romlebic manamde gandevna-
maskirebas eqvemdebareboda, meores mxriv gaacnobieros masSi mimdinare konfliqti, misi Semdgomi
daZlevis mizniT.
arsebobs aseTi Sexeduleba, rom geStalt Terapias saWiroeben e. w. gonebiT zedmetad warmarTuli
adamianebi, romlebic brmani arian sakuTari grZnobebisa da gancdebisadmi. igulisxmeba iseTi adamiani,
romlis qceva Tavsmoxveuli, stereotipuli, Sexedulebidan gamomdinareobs. aseTi adamianebi sakuTar
grZnobebis ignorirebas axdenen. geStalt Terapevtis amocanaa aRmoaCinos amgvari faqti da Tavad klientsac
miaqcevinos masze yuradReba.
rogorc aRvniSneT geStalt Terapevtis amocanaa klients yuradReba grZnobebze gaamaxvilebinos. es erTi
SexedviT martivi saqme arc ise advili gansaxorcielebelia. rodesac adamiani intensiuri grZnobebiTa da
gancdebiTaa Sepyrobili is moklebulia maTze dakvirvebis unars. rodesac is raimes akvirdeba, maSin mxolod
dakvirvebiTaa dakavebuli da mis miRma arsebuli grZnobebi ikargebian. amis gamoa, rom garedan
damkvirvebeli bevr rames amCnevs, xolo procesSi CarTuli adamiani igives ver xedavs. Terapevtma xSirad da
tyuilubralod ar unda ixmaros sityvebi daakvirdiT Tqvens grZnobebs, ganicadeT Tqveni SiSi an sixaruli,
radgan es arcTu ise martivad gansaxorcielebelia. grZnobebze dakvirvebisTvis Terapevtma specifikuri pirobebi
unda Seuqmnas klients. adamianisTvis, romelic SfoTavs, Relavs, aforiaqebulia, eSinia, Znelia moaxerxos
koncentrireba sakuTar Tavze. Tu adamiani mSvidadaa, dadebiTi emociebiTaa daxunZluli, ndobas ganicdis
fsiqoTerapevtis mimarT, aseTi adamianisTvis advilia grZnobebisadmi yuradRebis gamaxvileba, maTze
dakvirveba. geStalt Terapevtis jgufSi, mTavari amocanaa sasurveli fonis Seqmna.
geStalt Terapiuli muSaoba Cveulebriv or skamze jgufis wris SigniT mimdinareobs. SesaZlebelia erT
skamze pirovnebis gancdebis gamomxatveli `me~ iyos gaxmovanebuli, romelic meore skamze myof
racionalur `me~-sTaaa dialogSi, am dros, geStalt Terapevts SesaZlebloba eZleva pirovnebis emociebis
gamoxatvaze saWiro aqcentebi gaakeTos, riTac mas exmareba Rrmad gaacnobieros sakuTari grZnobadi
Sinaarsebi, romelTa mimarTac is gaucxoebulia.
grZnobebi da emociebi ara marto verbalurad gamoixateba. geStalt Terapevtma didi yuradReba unda
gaamaxvilos araverbalur Sinaarsebze. geStalt Terapia sruliad iziarebs Seqspiris Sexedulebas, rom sityvebi
imisaTvisaa, rom simarTle damalon. adamianis mimika, Jestikulacia, poza geStalt Terapevtis udides
informacias aZlevs Tu ra winaaRmdegoba arsebobs klientSi. ra konfliqti mimdinareobs masSi. romeli
grZnobebia represirebuli, daTrgunuli da amis sapirispirod ra dominirebs. pozaze, Jestze, mimikebze
yuradRebis gamaxvilebiT geStalt Terapevts saSualeba eZleva gaaZlieros ama Tu im daTrgunuli grZnobis
gamoxatva.

urTierTsapirispiro ZalTa sinTezi

yvelaze kargad man icis, Tu ra aris sikeTis fasi, vinc boroteba ganicada.
inglisuri andaza

ar gasinjav mwares, ver gaigeb tkbils.

inglisuri andaza

44
 jer mware Wame kvlav tlbili Tu eZeb gemovnebasa
daviT guramiSvili

geStalt Terapevtis erT-erTi ZiriTadi amocana adamianSi arsebuli urTierTdapirispirebuli Zalebis

aRmoCena-integraciaa. geStalt Terapevti integraciaze praqtikuli muSaobisas or sakiTxs unda iTvaliswinebdes:
pirveli _ daexmaros klients `me~-sa da garemos diferencirebaSi. `me~ da `garemo~ garkveuli TvalsazrisiT,
Tavidanve urTierTdapirispirebuli erTeulebia. mniSvnelovania amis gacnobiereba. ZiriTadi darRvevebi
proeqciis, introeqciis, retrofleqsiis, Serwymis saxiT, swored am safuZvelzea warmoSobili. magaliTad,
adamiani proeqciisas sakuTar nawils garemos miawers, an amis sapirispirod introeqciisas garemos nawili
sakuTari `me~-s aspeqtad miiCneva, amitom `me~-sa da garemos diferencirebaSi daxmareba geStalt
Terapevtis mniSvnelovani amocanaa.
geSlat Terapevtis meore amocanaa `me~-s SigniT sakuTari urTierTdapirispirebuli nawilebis aRmoCena.
im nawilebis, romlebic erTmaneTTan konfliqtSi arian. geStalt Terapevti klients exmareba, rom maT
Sesabamisi saxeli daerqvaT. magaliTad, `me~-s nawili romelic Tavs esxmis, xolo meore _ Tavs icavs.
Cveulebriv, `me~-s Tavdamsxmeli da Tavdamcveli nawilebi cxovrebiseuli personaJebis gamomxatveli arian.
magaliTad, Tavdamsxmeli mkacri dedis gansaxierebaa, xolo Tavdamcveli _ susti bavSvis, rogoric erT dros
Tavad iyo. amis msgavsad geStalt Terapevtma `me~-s SigniT konfliqtSi myofi sxva nawilebic unda
aRmoaCinos, romlebic klientisTvis problemas warmoadgens. aRniSnuli konfliqti geStalt Terapevtis mier,
rogorc wesi jgufis wreSi, or skamze viTardeba, romlebzec klienti Tavisi `me~-s sxvadasxva aspeqtebs
gamoxatavs.
geStalt Terapevti akvirdeba ra urTierTdapirispirebul Zalebs, Sesabamisad arkvevs Tu romeli maTgania
dominanti da romeli dominirebuli. Cveulebriv konfliqturi mxareebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan, swored
simZlavriT. erTi Cagravs, aCumebs, mbrZaneblobs meoreze. Terapevti ori skamis meTodiT cdilobs, rom
TiToeulma mxarem mTlianad gamoxatos Tavi. adamiani romelSiac dominirebs daTrgunuli, SeboWili mxare
Tavadac analogiurad SeboWilad gamoiyureba. xolo visSic dominirebs agresiuli mxare Tavadac qcevebSi
mouzomeli da zedmetad eqspansiuria. geStalt Terapevtis amocanaa meti koncentracia gaakeTos, waaqezos,
gaaaqtiuros daTrgunuli mxare, xolo dominanti mxare gaakritikos, Seasustos, Seaviwrovos. Sedegad Terapevtma
Tavisi CareviT unda ecados gaawonasworos mxareebi, rom mCagvreli da Cagruli aRar arsebobdes. amgvari
gawonasworeba axali poziciis mqone geStaltis Seqmnas niSnavs, romlis Sinaarsic gacnobierebulia. Sedegad
adamiani orad ar ixliCeba da energia Sinagan brZolaze aRar exarjeba, igi ukve gamiznulad garemosTan
kontaqtzea mimarTuli.

urTierTsapirispiro ZalTa gaerTianeba

Tineijeri Tiniko, 20 w. problema depresia, gaubedaoba, simorcxve.

Tavdamcveli: minda gavecalo Cems garemos (susti da ususuri xmiT), veravin ver migebs, aravis esmis
Cemi, arc aravis vaintereseb, minda wavide, ise rom aravis davenaxo (saxeze SfoTva da daZabuloba),
isini davsajo amiT.

45
Tavdamsxmeli: sisustea, rodesac grZnobebsa xar ayolili. ase 7 wlis bavSvi wuwunebs (mkacri uemocio
saxiT, mkveTri ulmobeli xmiT). geTqmis axla Sen rom didi xar? vis moewonebi aseTi? jobia sxvebze
ifiqro, Tu rogor daexmaro Senze bevrad metad uWirT, magram iTmenen da amiT igeben...
Tavdamcveli: kargad vici, rasac msayvedurob... (xelebi daZabuli, fexebi erTmaneTze gadajaWvuli),
magram xom arian iseTebic magaliTad, xaTuna, sul ar ainteresebT vinmes azri, arc momavali da
mSvenivrad arian... Wrelo pepela gafrindi nela... araviTari sxva filosofia.
Tavdamsxmeli: Sen sxva xar (sxeuli moSvebuli, Tavisufali, magram kontrolirebadi) kargad gicnob, marTalia
zogjer maTsaviT iqcevi, magram es mxolod maTi SenTan yofnis dros, marto yofnisas sul sxva grZnobebi,
azrebi. mere ra mogwons xaTunaSi? `motoriani krazana~! vinmes moswons Sens garda, yvela garekilad
sTvlis sul CxubSi da kamaTSia.
Tavdamcveli: aRar SemiZlia Seni mosmena, Tavi momabezre aseTi `mzrunveli~ deda sul ar mWirdeba.
gaTavda dReidan Sens rCevebs da brZanebebs aRar vusmen da arc vasruleb. meyo aqamde rac viTmine
Sengan. axla me vici rasac gavakeTeb da rogoric viqnebi. yovel SemTxvevaSi Sen SenTvis, me _
CemTvis.
Terapevti Tavdamsxmels: Seecade gamoxato da agrZnobino Tu raoden giyvars da zrunav masze
(Tavdamcvelze) rogor ganicdi yovelives.
Tavdamsxmeli: me rasac vakeTeb yvelafers Senze zrunvisTvis vakeTeb. (Tavdajerebuli, wynari
gamometyvelebiT). sikeTe minda SenTvis, minda dagicva da gagifrTxilde am mkacr samyaroSi, rom ara
Cemi simkacre Zalian gagiWirdeboda.
Terapevti Tavdamcvels: Seecade gaugo da miiRo misgan rasac piradad SemogTavazebs, Senis mxriv
auxseni ra gsurs miiRo, ra urTierTobas sTavazob.
Tavdamcveli: zrunav Cemze? (daTrgunvas pozaSi cvlis grZnobebis siWarbe da odnavi agresia). me ki am
`zrunvisgan~ viTrgunebi, imdenad rom axloblebTan urTierTobis survilic ki ara maqvs. esec Seni sikeTe
da gafrTxileba. Tu raime miWirs Sens gamo miWirs da dedaCemisgan. ara am mkacri samyarosgan.
Tavdamsxmeli: (SeSmuSnulia, fiqrobs) ici, miuxedavad imisa, rasac meubnebi, CemSi bevri kargia. energia,
Zala, siyvarulis unari. ise mec mainteresebs Tu ras moiTxov Cemgan. miTxari mainc...
Tavdamcveli: me momwons Seni nebisyofa (daTrgunvas cvlis, interesi da garkveuli azarti) energia, is me
namdvilad gamomadgeba cxovrebaSi, ar momwons Seni urTierTobis stili. zedmetad momTxovni da
mbrZanebuluri toni, me ufro met Tavazianobasa da delikaturobas vinatrebdi. ase rom iyos Seni ara
marto SiSi, pativiscemac meqneboda.
Terapevti Tavdamsxmels: mieci piroba da daarwmune mis Txovnas rom ausruleb.
Tavdamsxmeli: madloba rCevisTvisa da SeniSvnebisaTvis (poza daZabulia, damnaSavis intonaciebia xmaSi).
me ver vamCnevdi imas, rasac mimiTiTeb, Tumca axla bevr rames CemSi kritikulad vxedav. vecdebi
mogce Cemi nebisyofa da energia, Cemis mxriv gTxovdi ar iyo zedmetad pasiuri. (aCvenebs Tavis unars.
daZabos da akontrolos xelebiT sakuTari Tavi da demonstrirebs). meti ifiqre da cota SemoqmedebiTad, ara
sworxazovnad.
Terapevti Tavdamcvels: ecade madloba gadauxado rCevisTvis da Seni mxridanac gaiRe raime, is xom Seni
mniSvnelovani nawilia...
Tavdamcveli: ver warmoidgendi... (fiqrobs saxeze energiuloba etyoba) gamexarda Seni danapirebi. axla
energiasac vgrZnob da sul ara var daTrgunuli, daSlili, pirvelad didi xnis Semdeg vgrZnob sakuTar Tavs
iseTad, rogoric minda rom viyo da ver vaxerxebdi. mivxvdi, rom SemiZlia viyo iniciativisa da aqtivobis
mqone, rasac xSirad vkargav xolme, ubralod maviwydeba... axla TiTqos gamovfxizldi.

46
Tavdamsxmeli: Zalian momwonxar, aseTi iyavi da mec dagexmarebi riTac SemeZleba. axla ara marto ar
maRizianeb, iseTs vxedav Sens pozasa da mzeraSi, rac gamSvidebs, Seni aRar mrcxvenia. vgrZnob, rom
Zlieri xar da arc daikargebi, Tundac aseT mkacr garemoSi.
Tavdamcveli: axla arc me giyureb mtrulad (igrZnoba Tavdajerebuloba, poza SemarTulia, imediani). piriqiT,
Cven erTi mTliani arseba varT, me gendobi da xels giwvdi megobrobisTvis... (xels uwvdis).
Terapevti: aerTebs erTmaneTTan or skams da sTxovs SuaSi moTavsdes. ganicade, orive nawili
(Tavdamsxmeli da Tavdamcvelic) da daakvirdes sakuTar STabeWdilebas.
klienti: didi madloba... (gamoiyureba SemarTuli, kmayofili da TavisTavSi darwmunebuli) Tavs ise vgrZnob,
rom nebismier problemasa da siZneles gadavlaxav...
Terapevti: didi madloba...

geStalt Terapevtis aqtiuri dakvirvebisa da Semdeg procesis warmarTvis gareSe klienti uZluria
aRmoaCinos, rogorc konfliqti, aseve misi mxareebi. amasTan xSiria, rodesac klienti mis SigniT mimdinare
konfliqts SecdomiT massa da garemos Soris arsebul konfliqtad miiCnevs. amgvari proeqciis aRmoCena da
adeqvaturad warmoCenac geStalt Terapevtis kompetencias miekuTvneba.
Terapevtis gamocdilebas udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba, mis codnas urTierTsapirispiro ZalTa bunebis
Sesaxeb. magaliTisTvis, mravali adamiani grZnobs ra sakuTar TavSi, xasiaTis sisustesa da pasiurobas, cdilobs
Tavi warmoaCinos yvelafris gadamlaxavad zedmetad agresiulad. xolo am ori ukiduresobis adaptaciurma
integraciam adamians SesaZlebelia misces xasiaTis simyare da emociuri gawonasworebuloba. Sedegad,
sxvadasxva situaciebSi, mas eZleva unari gamoavlinos Tavisi xasiaTis orive ukiduresoba saWiroebidan
gamomdinare.
Terapevtma klientTan urTierTobaSi xasiaTis erTi ukiduresobis gamovlenisas unda igulisxmos, rom iqve sxva
doziT meore ukiduresobac unda iyos. Cveulebriv, aseTi ukiduresobebia: emociuroba-racionaloroba,
damoukidebuleba-gaucxoeba, egoisturoba-altruistuloba, aqtiuroba-pasiuroba, feminuroba-maskulinuroba da a. S.
TiToeul adamianSi urTierTdapirispirebuloba sxvadasxva doziTaa gamovlenili.
rogorc avRniSneT urTierTdapirispirebul mxareTa integracia ori skamis meTodis gamoyenebiT
mimdinareobs. aucilebelia, rom klientTan SeTanxmebiT orive mxares Tavisi saxeli daerqvas, magaliTad,
Tavdamsxmeli-Tavdamcveli. imis mere, rac aRniSnuli mxareebi mniSvnelovnad gamoxataven TavianT Tavs,
geStalt Terapevtma SesaZlebelia aRniSnuli mxareebis cxovrebiseuli prototipebic Semoiyvanos dialogSi,
rogorc konfliqturi mxare. magaliTad, Tavdamsxmelis mxares, SeiZleba bavSvobisdroindeli mkacri dedis saxe
Caenacvlos, romelic igive damokidebulebas avlens klientisadmi. savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom aRniSnuli deda
axla cocxali aRar iyos, maSin klients fsiqoTerapiul dialogSi sTxoven mogonebaSi arsebuli dedis xatis
gacocxleba-gansaxierebas.
miuxedavad imisa, rom fsiqoTerapevtma ori skamis meTodika auditoriis gareSec SeiZleba gamoiyenos,
jgufis arseboba da pozitiurad procesSi CarTuloba ufro efeqturs xdis integraciis process.
gacnobierebis gafarToveba

cogito ergo sum

vazrovneb, ese igi varsebob.
rene dekarte

geStalt Terapevtis erT-erTi ZiriTadi amocana gacnobierebis gafarToebaa. swored gacnobiereba qmnis im
gamocdilebas, romelic klientis pirovnuli zrdis safuZvels warmoadgens. yoveli axali mniSvnelovani Sinaarsis

47
mqone gacnobiereba pirovnuli winsvlisTvis biZgs warmoadgens. geStalt Terapevti `aq da amJamad~ principiT
moqmedebisas cdilobs klients gaacnobierebinos da aTqmevinos is rac mas am procesSi emarTeba. samyaroze
dakvirvebisaTvis, gare realobis aRsaqmelad adamianma teleskopi moigona. warmovidginoT, rom teleskopis
meore bolodan adamiani sakuTar TavSi CavaxedeT, davanaxeT Tu ra emarTeba mas, rodesac garemosTanaa
kontaqtSi; swored amas cdilobs geStalt Terapevti rodesac klientis gacnobierebis gafarTovebaze muSaobs.
aqtualizirebuli adamiani acnobierebs Tu ra mosdis mas, rodesac garemosTan kontaqtSi imyofeba,
gansxvavebiT nevrotuli adamianisa, romelic ver ganicdis da ver acnobierebs sakuTar Tavs garemosTan
urTierTobaSi. geStalt Terapevti erTgvari teleskopur fanjaras sTavazobs klients, Tavisi Tavis ukeT
SemecnebisTvis.
gacnobierebis gafarToeba sakuTari Tavis gagebis gzaa. geStalt Terapiis procesSi gamoiyeneba meditaciis
msgavsi procesi, romelic pirovnebis Siga, gare da Sua zonis gacnobierebas warmoadgens, oRond im
gansxvavebiT, rom Tu meditaciis dros adamiani pasiuria da dinebas miyveba, aRniSnul procesSi subieqti
aqtiurad muSaobs. akvirdeba ra sakuTar TavSi arsebul Sinaarsebs es procesi ase gamoiyureba; geStalt
Terapevti klients Txovs Tanmimdevrulad gaacnobieros Siga, gare da Sua Sris Sinaarsebi. Siga Sris
gacnobiereba ase gamoiyureba, geStalt Terapevti klients sTxovs komfortulad moTavsdes skamze, Tvalebi
daxuWos, daakvirdes im SegrZnebebs, romlebic kansqveS ganicdeba. imisaTvis, rom es procesi qaoturi ar
iyos, Terapevti Txovs daiwyos im SegrZnebebis verbalurad aRwera, romelic fexis terfebidan momdinareobs,
gadadis wvivebis kunTebze kiTxviT, barZayebis, genitaliebis, zurgis, kisris, saxis mimikis da a. S. aRweraze.
kiTxvebi exeba sxeulis calkeul adgilebSi diskomfortul SegrZnebebs. saboloo mizania klientma igrZnos,
gaacnobieros, miiRos Tavisi Sinagani zona, sxeulSi arsebuli SegrZnebebi. nevrotul adamians dakarguli aqvs
sxeulis SegrZnebaTa aqtualuri gancda, is zogadad cudad grZnobs Tavs, magram uWirs amis konkretulad
gacnobiereba da aRwera. cvlileba, anu ukeTesisken nabiji iwyeba maSin, rodesac adamiani ganicdis Tavs
iseTad rogoric is aris; am varjiSis magaliTze sxeulis gancdis adeqvaturad.
gare zonis gacnobierebis gafarToebis varjiSi ase gamoiyureba: geStalt Terapevti Txovs klients daakvirdes
im gancdebs, romlebic Tanmimdevrulad mimdinareobs vizualur, akustikur, ynosviT, SexebiT modalobebSi.
Terapevti cdilobs klientma yuradReba gaamaxvilos im modalobebze, romliTac aRiqvams gare realobas.
klients moeTxoveba verbalurad gaaxmovanos aRqmis procesi, Tan ar gaakeTos aRqmulis Sefasebebi kargia
Tu cudi, moswons Tu ar moswons. varjiSis mizania klientma miiRos garemo SeZlebisdagvarad obieqturad
iseTi, rogoric is aris. nevrotikis problema isaa, rom ar iRebs, gaurbis, alamazebs realobas. moqmedebs
principi, rom Cven gveZleva saSualeba SevcvaloT realoba mxolod maSin, rodesac mTlianad viRebT mas
iseTad, rogoric is aris.
Sua anu fantaziis zonis gacnobierebis gafarToebaze muSaoba ase gamoiyureba: geStalt Terapevti klients
Txovs sizmris, ocnebis an fantaziis siuJetis gadmocemas. instruqcia aseTia. fantaziis Sinaarsi, klientma unda
gadmosces verbalurad, aRweros TiTqos es ambavi droSi aq da amJamad xdebodes. geStalt Terapevti fantaziis
Sinaarsis gadmocemisas klients sTxovs, rom is gaxdes fantaziaSi aRwerili obieqtebi, magaliTad, gaxdes mTa,
an drakoni, Tan pirvel pirSi da awmyo droSi gadmosces personaJis saTqmeli. es procesi hgavs fsiqodramis
process, im gansxvavebiT, rom klienti sxvas ki ar ansaxierebs, aramed mxolod sakuTar personaJebs, Tan
pirvel pirSi. am proceduris amocanaa klientma moaxerxos Tavisi fantaziis an sizmris yoveli personaJi sakuTar
nawilad warmoidginos, miuxedavad imisa, moswons Tu ara, uyvars Tu sZuls is. Sedegad adamians garemoze
proecirebuli Sinaarsebi ukan ubrundeba da maTi integraciisa da miRebis Sansi Cndeba. Tu fantaziis obieqtebi
erTmaneTSi konfliqtSi arian, maSin geStalt Terapevti ori skamis meTods iyenebs, romlis drosac klienti
amwyo droSi da pirvel pirSi ganasaxierebs konfliqtur nawilebs Soris arsebul mimarTebebs.

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 geStalt Terapevtis mizania fantazia realobaSi gadmoitanos, erTgvarad `cidan, xmeleTze Camoiyvanos da
ganasxeulos~, riTic klientis gaucxoebuli nawilebis integrireba Seuwyos xeli.
geStalt Terapevti koncentracias warmarTavs TiToeul: Siga, Sua da gare zonebSi. specialuri vajiSebiT
SesaZlebelia diagnostireba Tu rogor axerxebs klienti erTi zonis Sinaarsidan `Camocurebas~, yuradRebis
gadatanasa da koncentrirebas meore zonaze. Cveulebriv nevrotul pirovnebas Zalian uWirs erTi zonis Sinaarsidan
meore zonis Sinaarsze yuradRebis gadatana da koncentrireba; amave dros aqtualizirebuli adamianisTvis advilia
erTi zonis Sinaarsidan meoreze yuradRebis gadatana, masze fokusireba. es procesi idealSi spontanutrad,
Seferxebis gareSe xdeba.
sizmrebsa da ocnebebze muSaoba

sizmari da ocneba pirovnebis yvelaze

spontanuri da subieqturi gamovlinebebia.
fric perlsi

geStalt Terapiis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani aspeqtia klientis sizmrebsa da ocnebebze muSaoba. froidi
ambobda, rom sizmari adamianis aracnobieri sferos gagebisken mimavali samefo gzaa. geStalt Terapiis
msoflmxedvelobiT sizmari pirovnebis integraciis saukeTeso saSualebaa. marTlac, am Terapiul modelSi
sizmrebi da ocnebebi klinetTan muSaobisas idealuri saSualebaa da intensiurad gamoiyeneba.
sizmari da ocneba sakuTari mTlianad pirovnebis Semoqmedebis nayofia. geStalt Terapiis mixedviT am
SinaarsebSi sxvisi da ucxo araferia. es imas niSnavs, rom adamiani, sizmarSi, rodesac sxva adamians, an
obieqts xedavs realurad es araa sxva, aramed sakuTari warmodgena, Sexeduleba sxvaze. Tuki yoveldRiurad
Cven gare realobas vexebiT, sizmari da ocneba araa ucxosTan, garemosTan urTierTobis sfero, masSi yvelaferi
sakuTaria. sizmarSi nanaxi sakuTari fsiqikuri aqtivobis nayofia, amitom geStalt Terapevti sizmrisa da ocnebis
Sinaarsebs pirovnebis realur anareklad ganixilavs. sizmari da ocneba me-s proecirebis nayofia, amitom geStalt
Terapevti asec ambobs, ganasaxiere Seni sizmari da ocneba da gaigeb, Tu rogori xar Sen. sizmari da ocneba
adamianis fsiqikis yvelaze spontanuri gamovlinebaa.
geStalt Terapevti, fsiqoanalitikosisgan gansxvavebiT ar axdens sizmris Sinaarsis sakuTar interpretacias,
rac fsiqoanalizSi ase miRebulia. igi Tavad klients sTxovs, rom man Tavisi azri gamoTqvas da interpretaciac
Tavad moaxdinos. Tuki fsiqoanalitikoss sxvisi informaciis gadamReWvelisa da gamanaalizeblis funqcia aqvs,
geStalt Terapevts ufro gidis, wamyvanis mniSvneloba eniWeba.
is rom geStalt Terapia egzistencialuri mimarTulebaa es sizmarze da ocnebaze muSaobaSicaa asaxuli.
sizmris egzistencialuri gzavnilia, romelic pirovnebis siRrmidan modis, da romlis adresatic sakuTari Tavia.
adamiani saWiroebs amgvar mesijs, romelic yvelaze kompetenturi da mniSvnelovani adresatidan modis, anu
sakuTari gaucxoebuli nawilidan. amitom am informaciis miReba da integrireba sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis
mqonea.
sizmrebsa da ocnebaze muSaobisas geStalt Terapevtis ori ZiriTadi amocana amoZravebs. pirveli imaSi
mdgomareobs, rom sizmarSi nanaxi aq da amJamad, awmyo droSi da situaciaSi gadmoitanos. meore _ sizmris
Sinaarsebi da obieqtebi klientma me-s aspeqtebad. es yvelaferi Terapevtis aqtiuri mxardaWeriT xdeba.
klientSi mniSvnelovani transformireba xdeba, rodesac geStalt Terapavti mas warsuli masalis aq da
amJamad gadmotanas Txovs. am dros TiTqos abstraqtuli, usaxo Sinaarsi, pirovnul niSnebs iRebs. klienti
naTlad xedavs sizmris Sinaarss, formas, personaJebs, rogorc sakuTar Tavs da pirovnuli realizaciis variants.
rodesac geStalt Terapevti klients sTxovs gaxdes sakuTari sizmris personaJi, amiT pirovneba sakuTari Tavis,
xedvas, Wvretas axdens. Terapiis procesSi, rodesac sizmris ramodenime personaJi erTmaneTTan kamaTobs,

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an dapirispirebaSia, gamoiyeneba ori skamis meTodi. amiT Tanmimevrulad dialogi TamaSdeba. erTi mxare
meoresTan kontaqtSi Sedis. mizani orive mxaris naTlad gacnobiereba-gagebaa. meores mxriv, maT Soris
moxdes sinTezi da axali geStaltis dabadeba. Sedegis aRqma sakuTari Tavis axleburad saSualebas iZleva.
magaliTisTvis rodesac klienti sizmris personaJi frinveli xdeba mas, saSualeba eZleva ganicados frena,
moZraoba da amiT sakuTari pirovnebis damoukideblobaze, an mijaWvulobaze dafiqrdes. rodesac igi magida
xdeba sakuTar pirovnul simyareze an, meryeobaze gadaaqvs aqcenti. am dros Terapevti kargad unda
akvirdebodes da exmarebodes procesSi axali geStaltis gamokveTas. fsiqoTerapiis procesSi, Tanmimdevrulad
xdeba sizmris TiToeuli personaJis gansaxiereba, maTTan klientis identifikacia. es identifikaciebi saSualebas
iZleva klientma gaacnobieros sakuTari Tavis manamde gaucnobierebeli aspeqtebi, romlebic manamde ucnob
TeTr laqebs warmoadgenen. es procesi uxvadaa datvirTuli axali mZafri grZnobebiTa da gancdebiT. klientma
SeiZleba ganicados SiSi, sixaruli, umweoba, ususuroba da sxva gancdebi, romlebic manamde gamouxatavi
iyo.
sizmarze an ocnebaze muSaoba geStalt Terapevtis mier SeiZleba warimarTos aseTi variantiTac, rodesac
sizmris Sinaarsi danaxulia da gadmoicema TiToeuli personaJis mier cal-calke, Tanmimdevrulad. Sedegad
iqmneba erTiani saerTo suraTi da StabeWdileba, romelic pirovnebis axali geStaltis Seqmnis safuZvelia.
sizmarze an fantaziaze muSaobisas aucilebeli araa Tavidan bolomde mTeli momxdari ambis, situaciis
aRwera-gadmocema. xSirad mxolod calkeul siuJetze da nawilze muSaobac sakmarisia imisTvis, rom misi
saSualebiT pirovnebis ZiriTadi problemis gadmocema moxdes.
Tavis droze perlsze didi zegavlena iqonia Teatrma da morenos fsiqodramam. es garkveuli saxiT geStalt
Terapevtis teqnikazec aisaxa. sizmrebze muSaobaSi Semovida Teatraluri improvizaciis elementebi, es imaSi
gamoixateba, rom klients moeTxoveba improvizirebulad ganasaxieros esa Tu is personaJi, rac faqtiurad am
adamianis dakarguli, gaucnobierebeli nawilis rekonstruirebas, warmoadgens. geStalt Terapevti am dros gidis
ampluaSia, romelic reJisuras Tavad klientis sizmris siuJetSi naxulobs da ara mis gareT, sakuTari Tavidan
gamomdinare.
geStalt Terapiis mixedviT sizmarSi, ocnebaSi imaleba is, rac umniSvnelovanes saidumlos warmoadgens.
esaa egzistencialuri gzavnili, romelic momavlis winaswarmetyvelebis, momavlis Wvretis SesaZleblobas
Seicavs. amasTan esaa gzavnili, romelic arc meti arc naklebi sakuTari arsebis siRrmidan momdinareobs. is
sakuTar Tavze yvelaze mniSvnelovan codnas moicavs, rac yvelaze aqtualuri da saWiroa am adamianisTvis.
sxvanairad rom vTqvaT esa informacia, sibrZne, romelic adamians sWirdeba, rom Tavi daaRwios
cxovrebiseul labirinTs, egzistencialur kriziss. am gzavnilis gagebis meSveobiT SesaZlebelia rom pirovnebam
moaxerxos sulieri, pirovnuli zrda-ganviTareba.
sizmari ganixileba ara rogorc calke aRebuli movlena, aramed igi Terapevtsa da klients Soris urTierTobis
formacaa, rac imas niSnavs, rom TerapevtisTvis moyolili sizmari, esaa klientis mxridan mniSvnelovani ucnobi
saidumlos sxvisTvis gandoba, rac Tavad sizmris mnaxvelisTvis ucnobi da gaugebaria. ufro metic is
damoukideblad, Terapevtis daxmarebis gareSe uZluria Seimecnos sakuTari gzavnili. am procesSi
TanadgomisTvisaa geStalt Terapevti mis gverdiT. swored misi aqtiuri monawileobaa warmatebis miRwevis
garantia. sasurveli finali ki sizmarSi proecirebuli, gaugebari Sinaarsebis klientisaTvis dabruneba,
gacnobiereba, gaTavisebaa.
arian adamianebi, romlebsac ar axsovT sizmrebi, an fiqroben, rom saerTod araferi esizmrebaT. geStalt
Terapevti aseT adamians ganixilavs, rogorc sakuTar Tavs gaqceuls, romelsac ar surs Tvali gausworos
realobas. ar aRiarebs Secdomebs, romlebic dauSva. sakuTar Tavs arwmunebs, rom ara aqvs konfliqti da
winaaRmdegoba. aseTi adamiani, erTgvarad siraqlemas pozaSia, Tavi miwaSi Carguli aqvs, gaurbis sakuTar
sizmrebs da fiqrobs amiT Tavs daaRwevs arsebul siZneleebs. aseT dros geStalt Terapevti klients sTavazobs

50
daumTavrebel frazebs, romelic klientma unda daamTavros. magaliTad., `sad SeiZleba Cemi sizmari
memalebodes~... Tu klienti sizmris magier Sav ekrans xedavs, maSin geStalt Terapevti sTavazobs
warmodgenaSi xeliT gadawios Savi fardis kuTxe da SeiWvritos mis SigniT. gaaxmovanos Tu ra SeiZleba
imalebodes mis miRma. magaliTad, daamTavros fraza `am Savi fardis miRma, romelic odnav gadavwie
SeiZleba imalebodes...~ da a. S.
am SemTxvevaSic geStalt Terapevti gidis rolSia, romelic uadvilebs klients burusis gandevnaSi da sizmris
damaluli Sinaarsis amokiTxva, verbalizaciaSi.
sizmari, fantazia, ocneba TiToeuli fsiqikis spontanuri nayofia, magram maT Sorisac aris gansxvaveba.
fantazia, zogjer Zalian hgavs cxadSi sizmars, romelic bavSvuri da akviatebuli Sinaarsis matarebelia, magram
aris fantazia, romelic Tavisi Rrma SinaarsiT, mizanmimarTulebiT, momavali qcevis SemoqmedebiTi wyaroa.
geStalt TerapiaSi fantazia Semdegi fsiqoTerapiuli mizniT gamoiyeneba: 1) miuRebel pirad grZnobebTan,
movlenebTan, TvisebebTan kontaqtis dasamyareblad; 2) daumTavrebeli situaciis damTavrebisaTvis; 3)
ucnobi realobis gamokvlevisaTvis; 4) sakuTari pirovnebis ucnobi aspeqtebis gamokvlevisaTvis.
adamianebi imiTac gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan, Tu rogor fantazireben. erTni ise gamoiyurebian,
TiTqos arafris ufleba ara aqvT, natvris da, fantaziisac ki sakmarisia raime `akrZaluli xili~-s msgavsma
gaielvos maT gonebaSi da maSinve instinqturad aCereben, mkacr CarCoSi svamen maT. aseTi adamianebi an
saerTod ar fantazireben, an fantaziis mxolod ConCxs qmnian da xorcs ki ver asxamen, radgan es pirovnul
Tavisuflebasa da Semoqmedebas moiTxovs. arseboben adamianebi, romelTa seqsualoba da agresia imdenad
daTrgunulia, rom fantaziaSic ki ar xdeba maTi realizacia. aseT adamians TiTqos mudmivad `muxruWze udevs
fexi~. geStalt Terapevts aseT klientTan muSaobisas moeTxoveba daanaxos sakuTari winaaRmdegoba, romelic
xels uSlis realobasTan kontaqtSi. Seuqmnas usafrTxo garemo da ndobis aRmZvreli atmosfero, romelSic
fantazias daubrundeba grZnoba, emocia, ltolva. fantaziis siuJeti Tu konfliqturia, is SeiZleba ori skamis
meTodiT gaTamaSdes. Tu situacia daumTavrebelia, imis gamo, rom klienti mudam aCerebs sakuTar Tavs,
geStalt Terapevti unda daexmaros, rom situacia damTavrdes, ris Semdegac klienti finals, katarsis, axal insaits
ganicdis.

sxeulze mimarTuli muSaoba

nu uyureb saxeze,
daakvirdi Cvevebs.
inglisuri andaza

geStalt Terapevti, did yuradRebas aqcevs klientis araverbalur sferos. imas, rasac sxeulis enas uwodeben.
mimikaSi, JestikulaciaSi, pozaSi, moZraobebSi, uecar reaqciebSi vlindeba pirovnuli problemebi. Terapevti
Teoriul codnasa da praqtikaze dayrdnobiT unda flobdes sxeulis enas, misi meSveobiT arkvevdes organizmSi
mimdinare procesebs.
rodesac `cxel skamze~ mjdomi klienti yveba Tavis problemebs Terapevti usmens ra informacias,
mosmenili mxolod gagonili sityvebidan gamomdinare ar unda Seafasos, aramed paralelurad, skurpulozurad
Tvali unda adevnos sxeulis reaqciebs, magaliTad, rogor zis klienti, gaxsnil Tu daxurul pozaSi, sxeulis
nawilebi gadajaWvulia Tu modunebuli, SeboWili Tu Tavisufal mdgomareobaSi. rogor mdgomareobaSia
xelebi, TiTebi, daZabuli Tu modunebuli? ras gamoxatavs poza _ mobilizebas, daTrgunvas Tu

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indiferentulobas? ra mimika aqvs saxeze, rogor sunTqavs klienti aCqarebulad, daZabulad, riTmulad Tu
harmoniulad? es yvelaferi Sesabamis konteqstSia gansaxilveli, anu klientis gadmocemul verbalur
SinaarsTan erTad, mxolod aseTi erToblioba iZleva pirovnebis naTel mTlian suraTs.
pirovnuli problemebi TerapevtisTvis TvalnaTliv dasanaxia Tu mas kargad SeuZlia dakvirveba
klientis `sxeulis enaze~ dakvirveba SeuZlia. sakmarisi araa Terapevtma Tavad dainaxos sxeulSi
mimdinare procesebi, aucilebelia, rom man klients daanaxos misi gaucnobierebeli Jestebi, poza,
mimika. amisaTvis Terapevtma unda sTxovos klients, rom igi darCes igive pozaSi, romelSic imyofeba,
magram yuradReba gadaitanos daZabul nawilze, magaliTad, TiTebis gancdaze da Seecados
gaaxmovanos is SegrZnebebi, romlebic masSi arsebobs. amiT geStalt Terapevti klients ganacdevinebs
im Sinaarsobriv fons, romelic mniSvnelovan zegavlenas axdens mis qcevaze, ise rom es Tavad am
adamianisTvis arc ki cnobierdeba. adamiani Tu ki acnobierebs ra xdeba masSi saSualeba eZleva
cnobierad Secvalos mimdinare procesi, sakuTari qceva.

winaaRmdegobaze `sxeulis eniT~ muSaoba

sandro, 22 wlis.
problema: negativizmi, sijiute, xSiri konfliqtebi

Terapevti jgufs: visa aqvs mniSvnelovani problema, romlis gadawyvetac surs jgufur seansze?
sandro: (mcire siCumis Semdeg). survili maqvs Cemi problema davZlio, Tumca darwmunebuli ara var rom
am garemoSi me SevZleb gavce da miviRo is, rac mWirdeba.
Terapevti: ra problemaze gsurT aqcentis gakeTeba, risi gacema da miReba gindaT?
sandro: (sxeulebrivi poza: fexebi maqsimalurad ukan aqvs gaweuli da fexis wverebi exeba iataks, xelebi
muStad aqvs Sekruli, daZabuli). me visurvebdi momevlo Cemi sificxisaTvis, zedmeti emociurobisTvis,
romelic xandaxan meufleba megobrebTan da ucxoelebTan urTierTobaSi... albaT ufro meti
diplomatiuroba da racionaloba mWirdeba.
Terapevti: rogor garemoSi iCens Tavs Tqveni problema? rogori arian is megobrebi, romlebTanac gindaT rom
SeicvaloT, sxvanairi iyoT?
sandro: guSinac mqonda axlobelTan kamaTi... (sxeuli kvlav iZabeba, fexebi ukan iweva, iataks kvlav fexis
wverebiT exeba, xelebi muStadaa Sekruli).
Terapevti: Seecade ar Seicvalo poza da ganicade is SegrZnebebi, romlebic xelebSi da fexebSi warmoiSveba,
anu kidurebis boloebSi...
sandro: (odnav SeSdeba, mere surs pozis Secvla, magram mainc asrulebs Terapevtis Txovnas). fexebi sadRac
imaleba, skamis qveS, wvivebSi vgrZnob daZabulobas, TiTebi daWimulia da tkivilis gancda miCndeba
zogjer... xelebi aseve daZabuli da daWimulia, CxubisTvis emzadeba... amis Tqmaze iRimeba da icinis...
Terapevti: gaxdiT da ganasaxiereT Tqveni fexi, pirvel pirSi da awmyo droSi.
sandro: ho... me var fexi, romelic daWimulia.
Terapevti: (usworebs) da daWimuli var...
sandro: ho... daWimuli, daZabuli var, sadRac... skamis qveS vimalebi, agresiuli... farulad agresiuli da
jobia rom ar SemeCexoT, ganmuxtva minda; energia rameSi davxarjo... CxubSi an kamaTSi. Zalas
vgrZnob, magram gauwonasworebeli var, simSvide maklia... Tumca ki minda.
Terapevti: simSvide ginda?

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sandro: TiTqos... axla fexsacmeli mfaravs da miSlis kidec xels, mboWavs. lamazi sportuli fexsacmelebi
maqvs, magram mainc miSlis xels, yovel SemTvevaSi ase vgrZnob... daxuTuli var.
Terapevti: xom ar gaixdidi fexze?
sandro: xom ar gavixdidi? cota uxerxulad meCveneba, Tumca marTla minda... rom ar geTqvaT ar vaRiarebdi.
(fexze ixdis meore fexiT).
Terapevti: axla ras ganicdi?
sandro: axla kmayofili var... (iRimeba, fexs hkravs fexsacmels da atrialebs TiTebs).
Terapevti: ganasaxiere Seni muStebi. gaxdi Senive xeli.
sandro: me var muSti (Tvalebi uelavs). daZabuli var, braziani da moCxubari. sxvebs albaT Cemi eSiniaT...
Tumca sakuTar Tavs vasob axla frCxilebs da TviTon mtkiva.
Terapevti: agresiuli muSti xar... gamoxate agresia.
sandro: (iwyebs muStebis SekumSvas, xelebs muStebSekruli boqsioriviT aTamaSebs, kunTebs Slis...). ai
aseTi var, moZraobaSi... sakuTar Tavsac `vkben~ da sxvebsac. Zalas vxarjav-ra... vflangav, raSi mec
ar vici. ratom, Tumca ratom... Tavs vicav sakuTar Tavisgan da sxvebisgan, imis magivrad rom
vuTxra sityvierad rac minda...
Terapevti: anu rasac sxeulebrivad akeTeb es uTqmeli, gamouxatavi frazebia, sxeulebriv doneze?
sandro: ase gamodis, xooo... ai asea. ucnauria?
Terapevti: ras laparakob? vis eubnebi da ras? gaaxmovane?
sandro: frCxilebs Cemsave xelis gulze vaWer da amiT Tavs viboWav, vaCereb...
Terapevti: ar SeaCeroT Tavi. ras akeTeb...
sandro: grZnobebi minda daganaxoT yvelas, Cemi keTilganwyoba, minda rom mendobodeT, me ki gicavdeT
Cemi ZaliTa da energiiT Tqven yvelas; Tu dagWirdebaT, ra Tqma unda. me axla ar vikaveb Tavs da
Cemgan araviTari agresia ar momdinareobs, mxolod keTilganwyoba...
Terapevti: moxaruli var.
sandro: axla iseTi var, rogoric momwons Tavi da albaT sxvebsac movewonebi... problema TiTqos gaqra,
veRar vgrZnob.
Terapevti: madlob.

fsiqologiuri problemebi organizmSi warmoqmnian e. w. `sxeulis javSans~, romlis adamianis gare

agresiisagan dacvaa. amgvari javSnis arseboba gamarTlebulia agresiisa da Tavdasxmis situaciebSi,
magram `sxeulis javSani~ sruliad usargeblo da piriqiT didi zianis momtania keTilganwyobil garemoSi.
aseT situaciaSi TavdacviTi qcevebi komikurad da araadeqvaturad gamoiyureba. Terapevtis funqciaa
`sxeulis javSnis~ rogorc danaxva-gamovlena, iseve klientisaTvis misi gacnobiereba. Cveulebriv klientis
mxridan `sxeulis javSani~ ar cnobierdeba, is erTgvari `TeTri laqaa~, romelic TvinTgancdas moklebulia.
Tu geStalt Terapevtma aRniSnuli sxeulebrivi reaqciebi klientis yuradRebis fokusSi moaqcia, da misi
verbalizacia sTxova, klienti iwyebs im Sinaarsebis gacnobierebas, romelic manamde misi yuradRebis
miRma rCeboda. ase SeiZleba gacnobierdes sxeulSi arsebuli daZabuloba, kunTuri daWimuloba, agresiuli
da seqsualuri xasiaTis SegrZnebebi, romlebic `sxeulis javSniT~ maskirebuli da SeniRbuli iyo. Sedegad
klients saSualeba eZleva Segnebulad warmarTos qceva, cnobierad, ganaxorcielos dacviTi strategia.
geStalt Terapevtis mxridan sxeulebrivi dacviTi reaqciis, pozis, mimikis aRmoCena pirveli nabijia. xSirad
saWiroa araefeqturi qcevis araerTgzis gacnobiereba, xolo saWiro qcevis ramodenimejer gameoreba.

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 pasuxismgeblobis aReba

simZime, romelic TviTonve itvirTe ar gamZimebs

inglisuri andaza

SemoqmedebiTi Semecneba = siyvaruli + ndoba

karl rejersi

geStalt Terapiis, Teoria da teqnika bevr novacias moicavs. igi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba sxva
Terapiuli modelebisgan. erT-erTi siaxle, razec geStalt Terapiam yuradReba gaamaxvila, esaa iRebs, Tu ara
klienti pasuxismgeblobas gansaxorcielebel qcevaze. specialuri dakvirvebis Sedegad aRmoCnda, rom
radikalurad gansxvavdeba qceva, romelic Sinagani pasuxismgeblobiTaa motivirebuli im qcevisgan, romelic
amas moklebulia. Cveulebriv adamiani, romelsac piradi pasuxismgebloba ar gaaCnia, mizans ver aRwevs,
winaaRmdegobas ver sZlevs. piradi pasuxismgeblobiT gaJRenTili adamiani gacilebiT warmatebulia sakuTari
miznis ganxorcielebaSi. geStalt Terapevtis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi diagnostikuri amocanaa gaarkvios, Tu
ramdenad pasuxismgebelia adamiani sakuTar qcevaze, xolo misi Terapiuli amocanaa, daexmaros klients
qcevaze pasuxismgeblobis aRebaSi. amisaTvis geStalt Terapevts arsenalSi specifikuri teqnika gaaCnia.
pasuxismgeblobis qona-arqona zogadad pirovnebis yvela aspeqtSi SeiZleba aRmovaCinoT. sxeulis
pozaSi, JestikulaciaSi, azrebsa da sxva gamovlinebebSi. es problema yvelaze dasanaxad mainc enasa da
metyvelebaSi vlindeba.
Cvens mier ganxiluli nevrotuli dacviTi meqanizmebi, Tavis ukidures gamovlinebebSi imis magaliTebia,
Tu rogor ar iRebs adamiani pasuxismgeblobas sakuTar Tavze, Tu rogor gaurbis pasuxismgeblobas da ra
formiT.
introeqciis SemTxvevaSi adamians sxvisi faseulobebi brmad, asimilirebisa da gaTavisebis gareSe aqvs
gadmoRebuli. amis gamo, introecirebuli adamiani ar aris Tavis naTqvamze pasuxismgebeli. ase xdeba xolme
rodesac rigiTi komunisti, sxvaTa gavleniT imeorebs komunistur lozungs, realurad ki es misTvis ucxoa. igives
akeTebs xolme patara gogona, rodesac sakuTrad asaRebs dedis mier Tavsmoxveul azrebs. geStalt Terapevtma
zustad unda amoikiTxos amgvari introicirebuli qceva.
proeqciis dros adamiani sakuTar danaSauls sxvas miawers, igi aseTi formiT gaurbis pasuxismgeblobas.
magaliTad, samsaxurSi dagvianebisas imis magivrad, rom aRiaros brali, laparakobs, Tu rogor igvianebs yvela.
sxva SemTxvevaSi imis magier rom aRiaros sakuTari tyuili, lanZRavs xalxs da sazogadoebas, romelic
midrekilia tyuilsa da sicrueze. gamocdilma geStalt Terapevtma aucilebelia dainaxos amgvari proeqcia.
Sinaarsi, romelic garemos miewera, avtors unda daubrundes, rogorc sakuTari da ukve gacnobierebuli.
retrofleqsiis dros imis magier, rom adamianma garemoze moaxdinos orientireba, TviTon iyofa or nawilad:
mimarTvis iniciatorad da adresatad. Sedegad sruliad ikargeba garemo, rogorc mimarTebis adresati.
retrofleqsiis mizezia pasuxismgeblobis aRebis uunaroba, adamiani ver axerxebs garemosTan kontaqtis
damyarebas. geStalt Terapevts aseT situaciaSi moeTxoveba daexmaros klients da dakarguli kavSiri aRadginos
masa da garemos Soris. geStalt Terapevtma klients usafrTxo garemo unda Seuqmna, ris safuZvelzec klients
SesaZlebloba eqmneba uari Tqvas realobisgan gaqcevis miseul xerxze. retrofleqsiis dros, adamiani sakuTar
TavTan Sedis dialogSi, imis magivrad, rom garemos mimarTos, rogorc adresats.
Serwymis dros, adamiani ver ansxvavebs sakuTar Sexedulebas sxvisisgan. magaliTad, patara gogonas
dedis Sexedulebebi da ganwyobebi sakuTrad miaCnia, amitom maTi gamoxatvisas aRmoCndeba, rom am

54
Sinaarssa da mis damokidebulebas Soris konfliqti gardauvalia. Serwymis dros geStalt Terapevts moeTxoveba
klients apovninos is gansxvaveba, romelic mas Serwymuli obieqtisgan ganasxvavebs. Sedegad
pasuxismgebloba sakuTar Tavzea asaRebi da ara sxvaze dasakisrebeli.
konfluenciis dros adamians uWirs adresati obieqtis fokusSi moqceva, misTvis Tvalis gasworeba.
pasuxismgeblobis ver aRebis mizezi gaubedaobaa. geStalt Terapevts evaleba klients verbaluri kontaqtis
damyarebaSi miexmaros, romlis drosac sityvieri formulireba kontaqtSi Sesasvleli obieqtis fokusSi moqcevis
SesaZleblobas aRadgens. Terapevti akvirdeba ra klientis qcevas, acnobierebs problemas, miuTiTebs mas
Sesasrulebel moqmedebaze, romelic obieqtis fokusSi moqcevaSi mdgomareobs. xSirad saWiroa saTanado qcevis
ramdenjerme ganmeoreba da ganridebaze uaris Tqma, rom sasurveli Sedegi miRweuli iqnas.
geStalt Terapiis procesSi miRebulia monawileebma ilaparakon pirvel pirSi. magaliTad, `me momwons
fexburTis TamaSi~, da ara `fexburTi mosawoni TamaSia~. miuRebelia zogadad, an mesame pirSi laparaki,
amasTan geStalt Terapevti jgufis wevrebs sTxovs uSualod mimarTon adresats da umisamarTod ar gamoxaton
TavianTi azrebi. aseTi mimarTva pasuxismgeblobis sakuTar Tavze aRebas gulisxmobs, rac amgvar jgufebSi
waxalisebulia. amiT mniSvnelovani ram xdeba. jgufis monawile verbalurad pasuxismgeblobas iRebs sakuTar
azrebsa da qcevaze, rac ar xdeba paTologiuri Serwymisas, retrofleqsiis, introeqciis, proeqciisa da konfluenciis
dros.
wina TavebSi Cven aRvniSneT geStalt Terapevtis `sxeulis enis~codnis aucilebloba. aranaklebi ostatobaa
saWiro rom klientis problemebi, danaxuli, diagnostirebuli iyos misi enisa da metyvelebis mixedviT. ena da
metyveleba kargad warmoaCens adamianSi arsebul fsiqologiur problemebs, magaliTad, aqvs Tu ara klients
aRebuli qcevis dros pasuxismgebloba sakuTar Tavze.
geStalt Terapevtma didi yuradReba unda miaqcios Tu ra zmnebs iyenebs klienti. magaliTad, SemiZlia
aRniSnavs, rom mas sakuTar qcevaze pasuxismgebloba aqvs aRebuli, amis sapirispirod pasuxismgeblobis ar
aRebasa da mis sxvaze dakisrebas aRniSnavs, rodesac klienti laparakisas iyenebs zmnebs: saWiroa, unda,
rodesac klienti ambobs `es saqme unda gakeTdes~, an `es saqme saWiroebs damTavrebas~, geStalt
Terapevtma aseTi naTqvami unda gaigos, rogorc pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan acilebis mcdeloba. amgvari
naTqvami sinamdvileSi niSnavs `am saqmis gakeTeba me didad ar manaRvlebs~, an `am saqmis damTavreba
me ar mesaWiroeba~. miuxedavad imisa, rom klients es ar uTqvams, fsiqologiurad naTqvami swored amas
niSnavs, geStalt Terapevtma gagonilSi es unda amoikiTxos. problemis anu pasuxismgeblobis arqonis
diagnostirebis Semdeg saWiroa, rom klientma pasuxismgebloba aiRos qcevaze. geStalt Terapevtis daxmareba
aseTia: saWiroa, zemoT moxseniebuli fraza `es saqme unda gakeTdes~ da `es saqme saWiroebs
damTavrebas~ klientma pasuxismgeblobis aRebis aRmniSvneli zmniT Secvalos, anu ase: `es saqme me
minda, rom gavakeTo~, an `es saqme me mWirdeba rom davamTavro~. anu naTqvami mesame piridan
gadaiyvanos pirvel pirSi, rac ukve pasuxismgeblobis aRebas niSnavs.
geStalt Terapevtma yuradReba unda gaamaxvilos Tu klienti rogor iyenebs kavSirebs: `da~, `magram~.
rodesac klienti ambobs `me vapireb am saqmis damTavrebas, magram vnaxoT ra gamova~ geStalt
TerapevtisTvis es niSnavs pasuxismgeblobis ar aRebas. xolo Tu `magram~ `da~-Ti Seicvleba, xolo `vapireb~
_ `minda~-Ti, `me minda am saqmis damTavreba da vnaxav ra gamova,~ niSnavs rom klienti aRniSnul
qcevaze verbalurad pasuxismgeblobas iRebs.

sakuTar Tavze pasuxismgeblobis aReba

sityvebi, romlebic malaven da avlenen realur saTqmels
marina, 32 w. frazebi jgufuri Terapiis procesSi; amokrefili frazebi

55
marina:me Zalian minda gamovide jgufis win samuSaod, magram sjobs, Semdgomi dRisTvis gadavdo es
procedura, ufro koncentrirebuli viqnebi.
Terapevti: SecvaleT sityvebi `Zalian minda~ _ Zalian ar mindaTi, xolo `magram~ `da~-Ti.
marina:me Zalian ar minda gamovide jgufis winaSe samuSaod, da sjobs Semdgomi dRisTvis gadavdo es
procedura, ufro koncentrirebuli viqnebi. me albaT ar meSinia im cxovrebiseuli problemebis, romlebsac
yoveldRe vejaxebi, Tumca sjobs ufro metad Tavi avarido maT.
Terapevti: SecvaleT sityva `albaT ar~ _ `Zalian~-iT, xolo sityva `Tumca~ _ `da~-Ti.
marina:me Zalian meSinia im cxovrebiseuli problemebis, romlebsac yoveldRe vejaxebi da sjobs ufro metad
Tavi avarido maT.
marina:me bolomde ara var darwmunebuli, rom aleqsandre marTalia, amitom maincdamainc mis
winaaRmdeg ar vimoqmedeb.
Terapevti: Secvale bolomde `ara var darwmunebuli~ _ `darwmunebuli var~-iT. amitom `maincdamainc~
Secvale `da~-Ti.
marina:me bolomde darwmunebuli var, rom aleqsandre marTalia da mis winaaRmdeg ar vimoqmedeb.
marina:me meSinia, rom wels bevri dro aRar damrCa masalis Sesaswavlad. unda movindomo mTeli Zala
swavlaSi davxarjo.
Terapevti: `me meSinia~ Secvale `me mindaTi~; `aRar damrCa~ _ `davuTmo~-Ti, `unda~ _ `minda~-Ti
SecvaleT.
marina:me minda, rom wels bevri dro davuTmo masalis Seswavlas, minda mTeli Zala swavlaSi davxarjo.
klienti xSirad Tavis naTqvams kiTxvis dasmiT amTavrebs, rac umweobisa da sayrdenis sxvaSi Ziebis
tendencias aRniSnavs. aseTi situaciis diagnostirebisas geStalt Terapevtma unda ecados, rom klientma
winadadebis boloSi kiTxvis niSani, mtkicebis formiT Secvalos, rac verbalurad sakuTar TavSi sayrdenis
Ziebasa da simtkices aRniSnavs. es ukve pasuxismgeblobis aRebis aRmniSvnelia. adamianebi, xSirad
pasuxismgeblobis ugulebelyofiT da mis sxvaze dakisrebiT xels uSlian sakuTar Tavs mobilizaciasa da
resursebis realizaciaSi. faqtiurad, sxvis imedze arian da garSemomyofTa mobilizacias cdiloben, roca pirvel
yovlisa TviTon unda iyvnen paxuxismgebelni sakuTar personaze da Tavad cdilobdnen sakuTari problemebis
xedvas da gadaWras.
geStalt Terapevti cdilobs klientis daxmarebas ara marto maSin, rodesac is sakuTar Tavze ar iRebs
pasuxismgeblobas, aramed maSinac, rodesac klienti Trgunavs gancdebs, azrebs da garemosadmi brma
morCilebis gamo ar eubneba adamianebs imas, rasac grZnobs da fiqrobs. magaliTad, Tu klients vinmes gamo
guli etkina, da amas ar gamoxatavs geStalt Terapevti sTxovs mas, rom adresats uTxras Tavisi wyenis Sesaxeb.
magaliTad, `me Sens gamo cudad vgrZnob Tavs~. amgvari mimarTva pirveli nabijia, ris Semdegac klientma
Tavis wyenaze sakuTari pasuxismgeblobac SeiZleba aiRos. magaliTad, ase: `rodesac Sen ase iqcevi, me
vgrZnob wyenas~, rac sakuTar Tavze pasuxismgeblobis gamomxatveli gamonaTqvamia. Sedegad adamiani
axerxebs sakuTar pirovnebaSi arsebuli e.w. `naxvretebis~ amovsebas. imisas, rac asimilirebuli, gaTavisebuli
ara aqvs da romelsac garemos sxvas miawers, proecirebas axdens, riTac `me~-s garkveul nawilze
pasuxismgeblobas ver iRebs.
geStalt Terapevtis amocanaa klients amgvari `pirovnuli naxvretebis~ gacnobierebaSi da maTi sakuTari
TavisTvis dabrunebaSi daexmaros.

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 winaaRmdegobis gadalaxva

Tu ginda saqme kargad gakeTdes,

Sen TviTon unda gaakeTo.
inglisuri andaza

adamianSi arsebuli winaaRmdegoba imdenad didi mniSvnelobisaa, rom fsiqoTerapiis warmatebiT

damTavreba gansazRvrulia, Tu ramdenad axerxebs klienti am Zalebis neitralizebas, gadalaxvas. sxvadasxva
fsiqoTerapiul models winaaRmdegobasTan mimarTebis Taviseburi strategia aqvs. geStalt Terapevti masze
muSaobis sakuTari, originaluri meTodiT gamoirCeva.
geStalt Terapevti, pirvel rigSi cdilobs klientSi winaaRmdegobis aRmoCenas. gamocdili geStalt
TerapevtisTvis es, arc Tu ise rTuli amocanaa. Cveulebriv klientis winaaRmdegoba iq Cans, sadac igi kunTebis
da inteleqtis met daZabulobas avlens. muSaobisas geStalt Terapevti klientis sxeulSi sensorulad SeigrZnobs im
daZabulobis kerebs, romelic winaaRmdegobas avlebs. figuralurad, sadac daZabulobaa, problema da
winaaRmdegobac iq imaleba.
geStalt Terapevtis strategiaSi ar Sedis winaaRmdegobasTan brZola, misi aRmofxvra-ganadgureba.
piriqiT, geStalt Terapevtis amocanaa winaaRmdegobis Zalis, energiis pirovnebisTvis pozitiurad, sasargeblod
gamoyeneba.
geStalt Terapevtis aRmoCenis gareSe, klienti Cveulebriv ver ganicdis, ver acnobierebs sakuTar TavSi
arsebul winaaRmdegobas: instroeqcias, proeqcias, retrofleqsias, Serwymas, konfluencias. winaaRmdegoba
xSirad imdenad xelisSemSlelia, rom mis fonze SeuZlebelia normaluri cxovreba da sasicocxlo
moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba. Cveulebriv, klienti gadaulaxavi diskomfortis gancdis gamo akiTxavs
fsiqoTerapevts da sTxovs daxmarebas, aris naklebad gamoxatuli winaaRmdegobebi, romlebic maskirebulia, ar
Cans miuxedavad imisa, rom cxovrebaSi xelis SemSlelia. adamiani, Cveulebriv egueba, itans maT arsebobas.
rodesac winaaRmdegoba gamokveTilia geStalt Terapevti advilad gadaaqcevs mas Terapiis samuSao obieqtad,
maskirebuli winaaRmdegoba geStalt Terapevtisgan specifikur damokidebulebas da teqnikas moiTxovs. aseT
da sxva msgavs situaciebSi geStalt Terapevti iyenebs zomier frustracias, rac mxolod geStalt Terapiul
teqnikisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. frustracia niSnavs klientSi arsebuli problemis xelovnurad gamZafrebas. es
imisTvis keTdeba, rom klientma ver SeZlos moTxovnilebis nawilobriv an gaWirvebiT dakmayofileba rogorc
es manamde xdeboda da problemis gadawyvetisTvis mTeli Tavisi Zalis mobilizacia gaakeTos. es ki,
mniSvnelovania Terapiis procesSi. geStalt Terapevtma zustad unda gansazRvros frustracia, rom is zomieri
iyos, klientma Tavi problemis winaSe ususurad ar igrZnos, da mis gadawyvetaze xeli ar Caiqnios.
mniSvnelovania, klientma gaacnobieros problemis daZlevis aqtualoba, masTan sabrZolvelad brZolis
saWiroeba, rom sakuTari Zalebis mobilizaciac moaxerxos. nevrotikis taqtika amgvar situaciaSi Cveulebriv
aseTia: problemis daZlevisTvis igi sxvebs mimarTavs dasaxmareblad, Txovs, Tavs acodebs da a. S. geStalt
Terapevts evaleba zomieri frustraciiT problemis aqtualoba warmoaCinos. meores mxriv, TviTon yavarjnis
rolSi ar gamovides, aramed klients erTaderTi saSualeba dautovos, rom igi sakuTar Zalebze dayrdnobiT,
sakuTar resursebis warmoCeniTa da mobilizaciiT Tavs TviTon daexmaros. esaa geStalt Terapevtis mxridan
zomieri frustraciiT daxmarebis strategia.
nevrotikis qceva imiT xasiaTdeba, rom igi mudam ewinaaRmdegeba sakuTar Tavs. amiT igi cdilobs Tavi
aaridos mtkivneul gancdebs, romelic gamocdilebaSi aqvs da aferxebs problemis gadaWrisken mimarTul

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iniciativebs. geStalt Terapevtis amocanaa klients daexmaros, rom man winaaRmdegobis Zala sakuTari Tavis
gancda-gacnobierebis procesad gardaqmnas.
dacviTi nevrotuli reaqciebi xSirad imaSi gamoixateba, rom adamiani ver acnobierebs qcevas, romelsac
asrulebs. dakarguli aqvs TviTaRqma, sakuTari Tavis garkveuli nawilebisadmi mgrZnobeloba. magaliTad, ar
esmis Tu ras ambobs, ver xedavs Tu ras akeTebs ver SeigrZnoben sxeulis garkveul nawilebs. adamianebs ar
undaT ganicadon travmis miRebis msgavsi SegrZnebebi. ugrZnobloba erTgvari TavdacviTi reaqciaa.
geStalt Terapevtma klientis yuradReba sxeulSi mimdinare gancdebze, unda warmarTos, romelic
daarRvevs im winaaRmdegobas, romelic xels uSlis am process. Cveulebriv winaaRmdegoba Tavs iCens
sxeulebriv daZabuloba, daWimulobaSi, aseve yuradRebis gadatanaSi, ganridebaSi. amasTan dakavSirebiT
geStalt Terapevti klients sTxovs daakvirdes da gaacnobieros SegrZnebebi, romelic mis uxerxul pozas Tan
axlavs. koncentrirdes Tu ras ganicdis TiTebSi, rodesac erTi xeliT meores awvalebs, an mousminos sakuTar
xmas Tu ras gamoxatavs misi intonacia, daakvirdes, Tu rogor sunTqavs, rogor ganicadis im Sekavebas,
romelic am process Tan axlavs. amiT pirovnebas saSualeba eZleva ganicados winaaRmdegoba, romelic
sakuTari organizmidan modis da amiT dausxltes mis mavne zegavlenas. moaxerxos gaxdes iseTi, rogoric
winaaRmdegobis gareSe SeiZleba iyos, TavisTavadi, autenturi, spontanuri.
winaaRmdegoba, romelic adamianSi iCens Tavs SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas Sinagani konfliqtis
warmosaCenad da gadasawyvetad. amisTvis mizanSewonilia ori skamis teqnikis gamoyeneba. magaliTad, Tu
klientis xmaSi winaaRmdegoba daZabulobis, agresiis saxiT vlindeba, romelic gansxvavdeba misi Cveulebriv
xmisgan, maSin SesaZlebelia erT skamze geStalt Terapevtma agresiuli, daZabuli xmis gamomxatveli.
moaTavsos, xolo meoreze daCagruli da daTrgunuli xmis gamomxatveli, isini urTierTobaSi Sevlen
erTmaneTTan da ecdebian arsebuli konfliqtis gamoxatva-gadaWras. amgvarad, winaaRmdegoba konflqitis
gadaWris saSualebad SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli.

Sinagan dispoziciur ZalTa kompozicia

profesia fsiqoTerapevti _
adamianis Sinagani kompoziciis mkvlevari
d.n.

Cveulebriv cotam Tu icis sakuTar fsiqikaSi, mimdinare ZalTa dapirispirebis konfliqtis Sesaxeb. am
process adamiani xSirad gareT situaciebze proecirebs, riTac mas SigniT mimdinare konfliqts adgils ucvlis da
sazogadoebaSi, gare realobaSi gadaaqvs. esaa rasac fsiqologiaSi proeqcias vuwodebT. amgvari qceviT
problemas im adgilas ver xedaven, sadac is arsebobs, amitom misi gadaWra safuZvels moklebulia. maS,
rogoraa SesaZlebeli problemis mogvareba? amisTvis geStalt Terapevtma realurad unda dainaxos is, rasac
vuwodeb dispoziciur Sinagan ZalTa kompozicias. saTaurSi formulirebuli azri saSualebas iZleva davinaxoT
konfliqtebi, romlis winaSec adamiani dgas. es kargad organizebuli myari sistemaa. msgavsad naturmortisa,

58
romelsac mxatvari ganalagebs, akvirdeba da xatavs. fsiqoTerapevtmac SesaZlebelia dainaxos pirovnebaSi
arsebuli myari `naturmorti~, romelic `me~-s Sinagan ZalTa urTierTmimarTebasa da Tanafardobas
gamoxatavs. gamocdilebasTan erTad, fsiqoTerapevtis Tvali adamianebSi amCnevs tipiur dispoziciur ZalTa
kompoziciebs. tolstois ana kareninas wamZRvarebuli cnobili epigrama, rom gavixsenoT, SeiZleba vTqvaT,
rom Sinagani kompoziciidan gamomdinare, `yvela avadmyofi adamiani hgavs erTmaneTs, xolo yvela
janmrTeli gansxvavebuli da unikaluria~. dacviTi meqanizmebi, retrofleqsias, difleqsias dispoziciur Sinagan
ZalTa kompozicias warmoadgenen. fric perlsma geStalt TerapiaSi daamkvidra saxelebi (zeda ZaRli _ qveda
ZaRli). Topdog _ gamarjvebuli da Underdog _ damarcxebuli. isini gamoxataven urTierTpolarul ZalTa brZolas,
romelTagan gamarjvebuli batonis poziciaSia. igi brZanebebs iZleva, aqtiuria, aZalebs, moiTxovs, xolo
damarcxebuli msaxuris rolSia. igi pasiuria, miuxvedrelia, morCilia. adamiani, romlis Sinagan ZalTa
kompozicias amgvari batonisa da msaxuris urTierTmimarTeba qmnis ver acnobierebs masSi mimdinare
brZolas. geStalt Terapevtis amocanaa klients cnobierad daanaxos Sinagani konfliqti, romelic masSi wlebis
ganmavlobaSi meordeba. geStalt Terapevtma xeli unda Seuwyos klients, rom man TiToeuli dapirispirebuli
mxare mTlianad gamoxatos. amasTan TiToeulma maTganma urTierTTan kontaqti unda daamyaros, igrZnon,
rom isini erTi mTelis Semadgeneli nawilebi arian da urTierTkavSiriT, kontaqtiT erTmaneTi saboloo jamSi
gaaZlieron. vilhelm raixma yuradReba miaqcia organizmis integracias da im pozitiur efeqts, romelic mas
mosdevs. am process man `orgazmis refleqsi~ uwoda. cxeli sasiamovno abazanis Semdeg, orTqlis intensiuri
zegavlenis gamo, adamiani Tavs erT Sekrul pirovnebad ganicdis. amgvari zegavlena fizikur integracias
ganapirobebs. Sedegad, adamiani mZafrad da naTlad ganicdis sakuTar grZnobebs, survilebs. intensiuri
sasiamovno seqsualuri aqti _ orgazmi sxeulebriv doneze aseve integrirebas axdens, adamiani axleburad,
mTelad _ erTianad ganicdis sakuTar Tavs. martiv, refleqsur fizikur reaqciebs, rogoricaa Zlieri dacemineba,
gaaCnia Zala fizikurad erT mTlian moZraobaSi moiyvanos sxeuli, refleqsurad erT mTelad ganacdevinos
adamians Tavi. ratom da ra xdeba am dros adamianSi? ra ganapirobebs `orgazmis refleqss?~ es mdgomareoba
rom gavaanalizoT adgili aqvs Semdeg process. adamiani refleqsurad, mZlavrad erTveba ra raime intensiur
procesSi, wyvets sxva aqtivobebs, maT Soris TavdacviT reaqciebs. Sedegad, organizmi emorCileba erT
gankargulebas da droebiT qreba urTierTdapirispirebul ZalTa Widili, romelsac adgili aqvs xolme `qveda ZaRli
_ zeda ZaRlis~ brZolis dros. `orgazmis refleqss~ adgili aqvs maSinac, rodesac adamiani axerxebs uTxras
sakuTar Tavs, `me ar gakontroleb, moxdes rac moxdeba, iyos rac iqneba~. adamiani Tu ara marto ambobs
amas, aramed axerxebs mis ganxorcielebasac maSin, imis gamo, rom Zalas ar xarjavs dacviT reaqciaze,
eufleba is mZlavri gancdebi da emociebi, romelic Tandayolili aqvs _ axasiaTebs, magram Cveulebriv
cxovrebaSi dakargulia. sakuTari Tavis zedmetad kontrolisa da gonebiT warmarTvis gamo.
Cemi gamocdilebiT cxovrebaSi aris situaciebi, rodesac fizikur doneze `orgazmis refleqsis~ msgavsad
pirovnuli aqtivoba axdens adamianis senso-motorul-socialur integrirebas. jgufuri an individualuri Terapiis
dros, rodesac procesi warmatebiT mimdinareobs, ara marto klienti ganicdis aq da amJamad sakuTar Tavs
integrirebulad, aramed garSemo myofi jgufis wevrebic. Cven gveufleba sakuTari Tavisa da garSemo realobis
naTeli gancda. amas Tan axlavs sagnebze da movlenebze koncentrirebasa da kontaqts mosdevs realobis
Rrmad pirovnuli gancda. amgvari mdgomareoba Terapiul procesSi pirovnuli aqtivobiT miiRweva. vilhrlm
raixis fizikur doneze `orgazmis refleqsisgan~ gansxvavebiT, amgvari integrireba pirovnul-SemoqmedebiTi
aqtivobiT miiRweva. sxvadasxva profesiis adamians pirovnuli integrirebis aseTi gancda albaT TavianT
aqtivobis sferoebSi aqvT gancdili. ase rom raixis mier aRweril situaciisgan gansxvavebiT me amgvar
integrirebas `pirovnul-SemoqmedebiT orgazms~ vuwodeb, romelic ara sxeulebrivi, aramed pirovnuli
aqtivobidan momdinareobs.

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 Sinagan dispociziur ZalTa kompozicia yovelTvis garkveul geStalts qmnis, romelic metad an naklebad
efeqturia pirovnuli zrdis, bazisuri moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad. aseTi kompozicia, geStalti, sakmaod
myari sistemaa, Tumca fsiqoTerapiis meSveobiT SesaZlebelia misi xelaxali warmatebuli reorganizacia, rasac
adgili aqvs geStalt Terapiis efeqturad gamoyenebis dros. sanam cvlileba moxdeba, geStalt Terapevtma
aucilebelia dainaxos, aRiqvas, wvdes im Sinagan dispoziciur ZalTa kompozicias, romelic ganapirobebs
klientis warumatebel qcevas, rac ar iZleva misTvis bazisuri, aucilebeli moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebas.

integracia

adamiani Sinaganad Tavisufali, Ria Tavisi gamocdilebisadmi,romelic ganicdis sakuTar

Tavisuflebas da pasuxismgeblobas arCevanis winaSe, albaT ar eqvemdebareba misi garemo
pirobebis zemoqmedebis iseT mkacr kontrols, rogorsac ganicdis am Tvisebebs moklebuli
adamiani.
karl rojersi

sxva fsiqoTerapiuli meTodebisgan gansxvavebiT geStalt Terapia yuradRebas integraciaze akeTebs.

misi teqnikis aspeqtebi, rogorebicaa grZnobebze yuradRebis gamaxvileba, urTierTsapirispiro ZalTa
gaerTianeba, gacnobierebis gafarToeba, sizmrebze da ocnebebze muSaoba, sxeulze mimarTuli muSaoba,
sakuTar Tavze pasuxismgeblobis aReba, winaaRmdegobis gadalaxva, teqnikuri procedurebi, yovelive
klientis integraciazea warmarTuli. intergracia daSlil araorganizebul pirovnebas esaWiroeba, visac dakarguli
aqvs pirovnuli mTelisTvis saWiro nawilebi, romlebic ugulvelyofili, gaucnobierebeli, ignorirebulia da aRar
gamoiyeneba mis aqtivobaSi. geStalt Terapevtis meSveobiT, zemoT CamoTvlili teqnikuri procedurebis
daxmarebiT, klienti acnobierebs Tavis nevrotul ganridebiT qcevebs. Sedegad, pirovneba axdens Tavisi
gaucxoebuli nawilebis ”me~-Si integracias. simbolurad, aseTi adamiani naxvretebiani holandiuri yvelis
naWers hgavs. igi ver acnobierebs `pirovnebaSi arsebul naxvretebs~. amasTan miaCnia, rom akontrolebs
sicarieleSi mimdinare procesebs, rac iluziaa. figuralurad, rom vTqvaT, saWiroa dakarguli nawilebis kvlav
pirovnebisTvis dabruneba, e. w. `TeTri laqebis~ amovseba. geStalt TerapiaSi integraciis procesi dakarguli
nawilebis gaTamaSebiT xerxdeba. TamaSobs ra dakarguli nawilis rols pirovneba misi funqciis asimilirebas
axdens. Tuki manamde klients egona, rom misi moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba mxolod sxvas SeeZlo,
sakuTari dakarguli nawilis asimilaciiT da erT mTelad integrirebis Semdeg, igi acnobierebs, rom aqvs unari
daexmaros sakuTari Tavs da daikmayofilos aqtualuri moTxovnilebebi. es is potencialia, romelic cxovrebaSi
pirovnuli zrdisa da realizaciis winapirobaa.
geStalt TerapiaSi integracia miiRweva, rodesac klienti uSualo da Rrma kavSirs amyarebs Tavisi
pirovnebis TiToeul nawilTan, amiT `me~, erT mTlianharmoniul sistemad ikvreba. anu, azrovneba, emocia,
sxeuli, metyveleba, fizikuri da socialuri garemo uSualod misawvdomi, kontrolirebadi da erTiani sistemiT
marTuli xdeba. es, rom moxdes, Terapevti klients TiToeuli am nawilis asimilirebaSi unda daexmaros.
daSlili, araintegrirebuli pirovneba sakuTari personis mniSvnelovani nawilebisgan izolirebulia, maTTan
Sexebis, kavSiris mcdeloba marcxiT mTavrdeba. radgan, am dros winaaRmdegoba mZlavri intensivobiT
moqmedebs, rac sakuTar nawilebTan gaucxoebaSi vlindeba.

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 integracia, represirebul, daTrgunul gancdaTa gacnobierebas saWiroebs, geStalt Terapia yuradRebas
klientis mxridan amaxvilebs, Tu rogori qceviT axdens klienti misTvis saWiro kontaqtisgan ganridebas.
fsiqoTerapia klientisTvis azartul process SeiZleba daemsgavsos, romelSic igi Tavisi sisusteebis
daZleva-gaZlierebiTaa dakavebuli. miuxedavad amisa, gamoricxuli araa, rom integraciis gzaze siZneleebi
iyos gadasalaxi. romelic did Zalisxmevasa da mizanswrafvas moiTxovs. Terapevti klients yovelmxriv unda
amzadebdes amisTvis. Tu klienti ver gauZlebs process, man Terapias Tavic SeiZleba daanebos, xolo Tu
Tvali gauswora da daZlia siZneleebi, maSin amas integracia da pirovnuli zrda, mohyveba.
miuxedavad imisa, rom integraciis procesi gansxvavebul klientebTan individualuria, imisda mixedviT Tu
ra dacviTi meqanizmebia saxeze, procesi ganxorcielebis strategias gulisxmobs. integracia introeqciis,
proeqciis, retrofleqsiis, konfaluenciis da difleqsiis SemTxvevebSi geStalt Terapevtma unda icodes, rom
introeqciis dros klienti moklebulia unars erTmaneTisgan gaarCios sakuTari da sxvisi Sexeduleba; is, rac
miseul pozicias warmoadgens da rac sxvisagan Tavsmoxveulia. amitom, geStalt Terapevtma unda icodes, rom
integraciis dros klientis fokusSi unda moaxvedros is Sinaarsebi, romlisadmic mas ukritiko, mimReblobiTi
damokidebuleba aqvs. isini Cveulebriv, mSoblebis, an avtoritetebis mxridan mowonebuli da pozitiurad arian
daxasiaTebuli. amasTan Terapevtma introeqciis qcevis mqoneSi unda ganaviTaros kritikuli damokidebuleba,
rac miwodebuli Sinaarsebis upirobo miRebis nacvlad maT `gadaReWvaSi~, sakuTari aqtivobiT
gadamuSavebaSi gamoixateba.
introeqciis dacviTi meqanizmis mqone adamiani, Tavis am problemas metyvelebaSi enobrivadac
gamoxatavs, es saTanado dakvirvebis SemTxvevaSi advilad aRmosaCenia. aseTi adamiani, xSirad xmarobs
`Cven~-s, imis magivrad, rom ixmaros `me~, rac gaucxoebis aRmniSvnelia. klientis amgvar `Cven~-Si
imaleba is rac mas sxvebisgan Tavsmoxveuli aqvs, rogorc Sexeduleba an faseuloba, magram piradad misTvis
es gaucnobierebelia. amitom geStalt Terapevtma klients `Cven~ forma `me~-d unda Seacvlevinos.
introeqciis dacviTi meqanizmi kvebiTi Cvevebidan iRebs saTaves. aseTi adamiani gaucnobiereblad,
gemos gausinjavad, gadauReWavad sanslavs sakvebs. es procesi hgavs ZuZuswovis asakis aqtivobas, roca
bavSvs kbilebi ara aqvs, rom saWmeli gadaamuSaos, amitom gadamuSavebis gareSe, mxolod Txevad
sakvebs ylapavs. gacnobiereba gulisxmobs produqtis gadamuSavebis unaris gamomuSavebas, rac miiRweva
sakvebis manamde ReWviT, sanam is Txevad masad ar gadaiqceva, romlis asimilirebac ukve SesaZlebelia.
`gadaReWviT~, anu kritikuli damokidebulebiT klienti swavlobs misTvis ucxo sakvebis Tu Sexedulebis
struqturis daSlas. es aqtivoba kbena, kbeCa da gadaReWvaSi gamoixateba.
Tu klienti kritikul damokidebulebas gamoavlens, maSin introeqciis magivrad garemos miwodebuli
Sinaarsi, an asimilirdeba da pirovnebas gaaZlierebs; anda ukuigdeba, rogorc usargeblo da arasaWiro, rac
saboloo jamSi klientis `me~-s gaZlierebas emsaxureba.
proeqciis mqone klientis integracia geStalt Terapevtis mxrian specifikur dakvirvebasa da aRmoCenas
saWiroebs. aseTi adamiani mis SigniT mimdinare procesebs garemos miawers, es Cveulebriv
pasuxismgeblobis aridebis Sedegad xdeba. proeqciis mqonis ena gamoirCeva imiT, rom igi xSirad sadac
`me~ unda ixmaros da igulisxmos, warmoTqvams `mas~-s. geStalt Terapevtis mxridan klientSi
pasuxismgeblobis gaRviZeba imaSi gamoixateba, rom man pasuxismgebloba aiRos rogorc sakuTar Tavze,
ise garemoze. adamiani sakuTar garemos Tavad qmnis, amdenad masze pasuxismgebelic aris. adamiani,
romelsac proeqcia axasiaTebs simbolurad ase gamoiyureba: `mas hgonia, rom fanjaraSi iyureba, magram
aRqmulis gacnobiereba Tu moxda, igi mixvdeba, rom Turme sarkeSi ixedeba~, anu is rac mas gareT egona
rom xdeboda, sakuTar TavSi xdeba. mxolod pasuxismgeblobis aRebiTaa SesaZlebeli im Sinaarsebis
asimilireba, romelsac klienti gaurbis. integrirebuli klienti erTis mxriv gaucxoebuli Sinaarsebis asimilirebas
axerxebs, xolo meores mxriv, cvlis garemos, romelSiac cxovrobs.

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 retrofleqsirebulis integrireba geStalt Terapevtis mxridan dakvirvebasa da yuradRebas moiTxovs.
gasarkvevia impulsi da qceva, romelic romlebic moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad garemosken unda iyos
warmarTuli, rogor miimarTeba sakuTar Tavze. aseT SemTxvevaSi, adgili aqvs proeqciis sawinaaRmdego
process. Sedegad qceva moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas ar emsaxureba. integraciisTvis klientma unda
gaacnobieros retrofleqsiuri qceva; impulsi, romlis represias, daTrgunvasac axdens. unda miiRos da Semdeg
axali mimarTulebiT warmarTos. Sedegad, moxdeba sakuTari `me~-s disocirebuli nawilis xelaxla
integrireba. es procesi SeiZleba xanmoklec aRmoCndes da xangrZlivic. yvelaferi geStalt Terapevtis
ostatobasa da klientis mizandasaxulobazea damokidebuli. amasTan klientisTvis Terapiis procesi usiamovno
gancdebis Semcvelic SeiZleba aRmoCndes, risTvisac igi mzad unda iyos.
konfluenciis qcevis mqone klientis integrirebisas, geStalt Terapevts mxedvelobaSi unda hqondes, rom
amgvari klienti garemosTan kontaqtis damyarebis nacvlad mas erwymis. misTvis Tavad Serwymis aqti
gaucnobierebelia: impulsebi, romlebic am dros warmoiSveba avtoritetuli garemos moTxovnebis gamo
ignorirebulia iTrguneba. es mdgomareoba dedis saSoSi nayofis yofnis anareklia; nayofis fizikuri, da miT
umetes fsiqologiuri damoukidebloba Zlier sustia. geStalt Terapevtma integraciis mxardasaWerad unda
waaxalisos identobis gamomxatveli impulsebi, rogorc warmatebisa da moTxovnilebis damakmayofilebeli
gamovlinebebi. konfluenciis integrireba xangrZlivi da usiamovno procesi SeiZleba aRmoCndes risTvisac
geStalt Terapevtma saTanadod unda moamzados klienti.
difleqsiis reaqciebis mqone klientis integrirebisas mxedvelobaSia misaRebi amgvari klientis uunaroba
fokusSi moaqcios saWiro figura. igi ver axerxebs fonidan gamoadiferenciros da moTxovnilebis
dasakmayofileblad aqtualur figuraze koncentrirdes. Terapevti klients imis gacnobierebaSi unda daexmaros,
rom impulsi, romelic figuraze koncentrirebas iwvevs zianis momtani araa, piriqiT, aqtualuri moTxovnilebis
dakmayofilebisTvis sasargebloa. gacnobiereba da koncentraciis unari integraciisken mimaval gzas
warmoadgens. difleqsiis qcevis daZlevisaTvis saWiroa gacnobierebulad Sesruldes qceva, romelic Sedegis
momtani araa, rom mis sanacvlod mignebuli iqnes moTxovnilebis damakmayofilebeli qcevis strategia.
integrirebuli pirovneba araintegrirebulisgan imiT gansxvavdeba, rom igi kargi gagebiT
araprognozirebadia, araa midrekili erTi dacviTi qcevis strategias. amis gamo, rTul cxovrebiseul situaciebSi
flobs araordinalur svlebs, igi spontanturia, tvinis zedmetad `Wyletis~ gareSe poulobs gamosavals. didi
Zalisxmevis gareSe xvdeba, ra obieqtebTan daamyaros kontaqti da ras ganeridos. aseTni arian yvela
mkiTxvelisTvis sayvareli literaturuli personaJebi: baron miunhauzeni da mola nasredini, romlebic yoveli rTuli
situaciidan TavianTi integrirebulobisa da kreatiulobis gamo gamarjvebuli gamodian. geStalt Terapiis mixedviT
kontrolis fokusi visac sakuTar TavSi aqvs, vinc Tavis Tavs eyrdnoba WirSic da lxinSic. is cxovrebaSi
problemebis daZlevis saukeTeso variants poulobs da axorcielebs.
geStalt Terapiis teqnikuri procedurebi

xelisufalTa Soris saukeTeso is aris, vis arsebobasac adamianebi TiTqmis ver amCneven.
arc Tu ise kargia is _ visac adamianebi ujereben da adideben; yvelaze uaresia xelisufali,
romelic sZulT.
`adamianebi pativs ar scemen mas, vinc pativs ar scems adamianebs.~ brZeni xelisufali
aRwevs ra mizans, ar ganadidebs Tavis gakeTebul saqmes. xalxi ki ityvis: `Cven es TviTon
gavakeTeT.”
lao Zi

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 geStalt Terapia egzistencialuri fsiqoTerapiuli modelia, romelsac ara marto Teoriuli koncefcia
gamoarCevs, aramed mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli teqnikac.
geStalt Terapiis teqnikaSi Cven vgulisxmobT erTis mxriv, am fsiqoTerapiuli modelisTvis
damaxasiaTebel principebs (am principebze Cven wina TavebSi gvqonda yuradReba gamaxvilebuli), meores
mxriv, procesualur jgufur da individualur TamaSebs, romlebic Tavis droze perlsma, xolo SemdgomSi
Tanamedrove geStalt Terapevtebma srulyves.
axla dawvrilebiT yuradRebas ar gavamaxvilebT geStalt Terapiis ZiriTad principebze, maT mxolod
CamovTvliT. detalurad ki ganvixilavT im geStalt TamaSebs, romlebic intensiurad gamoiyeneba jgufur
TerapiaSi.
geStaltTerapevts kargad unda hqondes gacnobierebuli, rom 1) procesi aucileblad awmyo droSi
warmarTos, aqcenti am awmyo drosa da sivrceze unda iqnas gakeTebuli da ara warsulze, momavalze an
gaurkveveli droisa da sivrciT mimarTebebze; 2) Terapevti unda iyenebdes `me~ da `Sen~ mimarTebis enas da
ara `Cven~-s, rac sakuTar Tavze pasuxismgeblobis aRebas gulisxmobs, winaaRmdeg zogadi saubrisa, roca
sakuTari azrebi da Sexedulebebi sxvaTa damaxsovrebuli Tu amokiTxuli azrebiTaa Secvlili. awmyo droSi `aq
da axla~ principiT unda gacnobierdes Siga, gare da fantaziis zonaSi mimdinare procesebi; 3) Terapevtma
klientis yuradReba, cnobiereba unda warmarTos Tu procesSi `ra?~ da `rogor?~ xdeba, da ara `ratom?~-ze,
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi procesis arasworad warmarTulad CaiTvleba; 4) Terapevti yovelmxriv unda
aqezebdes pirovnebaTSoris pirdapir uSualo mimarTebebs, da aRkveTdes Woraobas da urTierTTan irib
mimarTebebs, aseve azris gamoTqmas imaT Sesaxeb, vinc axla aq araa; 5) miuRebelia erTmaneTSi
kiTxvebiT saubari, aseTi kiTxvebi klientma sakuTar Sexedulebad unda gardaqmnas da ise miawodos
partniors.
sanam ufro dawvrilebiT ganvixilavT geStalt TamaSebs, romlebic perlsis muSaobis droidan moyolebuli
iqmneba da ixveweba, SevexoT Terapevtis teqnikur mxaresa da arsenals, rac mas saSualebas aZlevs ise
warmarTos procesi, rom Sedegad klientis pirovnuli zrda da winsvla ganxorcieldes.
geStalt-jgufSi muSaobis or meTods gamoyofen. erTi _ rodesac Terapevti jgufis romelime erT wevrTan
muSaobs, am dros jgufis sxva wevrebi procesis mimdinareobaSi aqtiurad ar Sedian, magram CarTulobis
maRali xarisxi aqvT, usmenen, uyureben da akvirdebian. muSaobis dasrulebis Semdeg jgufis wevrebi
identifikacias axdenen klientTan, romlis problemebic gasagebi da aqtualuria danarCenebisTvis. amasTan
cvlilebebi, romlebic ganicada klientma aisaxeba jgufis wevrebzec. rogorc wesi es cvlilebebi mniSvnelovan
zegavlenas axdens sxva adamianebzec, romlebic CarTulni arian amgvar muSaobaSi. maTTvis klientis
Sinagani cxovrebis fragmentebi, romlebic manamde miuwvdomeli iyo gasagebi da naTeli xdeba. xSirad
klientis cxovrebis fragmentebi msgavsia jgufis wevrebis cxovrebiseuli Sinaarsebis, amitom maTTvisac
gasagebi xdeba, Tu rogori qceva daexmarebaT frustraciis gadalaxvaSi. amas garda, Tavad geStalt Terapevtic
aCvenebs im gzebs, romlis meSveobiTac SesaZlebelia problemaTa mogvareba.
jgufSi muSaobis meore meTodia, procesSi ramodenime, an yvela wevris CarTva. ra Tqma unda, wevrebs
Soris kontaqti aqac dagegmilia. jgufSi Sesaqmnelia `usafrTxo riskis~ atmosfero, romlis drosac waxalisebulia
klientis mxridan sakuTari Tavis Riad gamoxatva. sxvebi am dros mas Tavs ar esxmian, Wkuas ar arigeben,
rCevebs ar aZleven da ar akritikeben. miuRebelia amgvari muSaobis dros ganzrax raime Teoriuli an qceviTi
xisti CarCoebis Semotana. leqciis kiTxva, cnobili adamianebis azrebis moyvana-damowmeba, es yvelaferi
ukusagdebia, rogorc xelisSemSleli wonis mqone bargi, romelic xels uSlis jgufis wevrTa TviTgacnobierebas,
aZnelebs TviTgamoxatvas, autentobis miRwevas. xSirad Terapevti jgufis wevrebs sTavazobs erTobliv
varjiSebs, romelic `aq da amJamad~ principiT ama Tu im procesze, koncentrirebas gulisxmobs. Sedegad
mcirdeba Zalisxmeva, usargeblo energiis xarjva Tavdacvasa da blokirebaze, rac saSualebas aZlevs

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monawileebs jgufSi yofnis TviTgancdisa da pirovnuli TviTmyofadobis Semecneba-gacnobierebisTvis.
gacnobierebis amgvari nakadis arseboba jgufSi geStalt-muSaobis ZiriTadi maxasiaTebelia. jgufSi arsebuli
mudmivad cvalebadi SegrZnebebis, grZnobebis, emociebis, reaqciebis dakvirveba gacnobiereba waxalisebulia.
rac CixSi moqceul, azriT warmarTul adamianisTvis, pirovnuli zrdisa da xelisSemSleli fiqsirebuli ganwyobebis
gacnobierebis, Secvlis kargi stimulia.
geStalt Terapevti ar unda iyos klientTan mimarTebaSi avtoritaruli; ar unda aZlevdes rCevebs. unda
Seqmnas iseTi atmosfero, romelSic saukeTeso gzis povna da ganxorcieleba klients ZaluZs. daarwmunos
klienti, rom is potenciaSi yvelaze kargad da adeqvaturad aRiqvams sakuTar Tavs da realobas, romelSiac
cxovrobs.
geStalt Terapevti unda scemdes pativs klientis pirovnebas, mis mTlianobas. Terapevtis funqciaa, Seqmnas
atmosfero, romelSiac SesaZlebelia Tavis gacnobiereba da pirovnuli zrda. is mudam Ria unda iyos
kontaqtisTvis, problemis wvdomisa da gagebisaTvis.
mimdinare procesis gacnobiereba pirvel yovlisa Tavad Terapevts unda SeeZlos. is ar aris naTelmxilveli
an yovlismcodne, aramed realobis kargi mayurebeli da damkvirvebelia, rig situaciebSi igi am dakvirvebis
Sedegebs awvdis klients, magram ara misi manipulaciis mizniT. man klients ar unda moaxvios Tavs sakuTari
Sexeduleba. Terapevtma unda misces ufleba, rom misi mosazrebebidan rac surs da misaRebia is gaiziaros
klientma da rac ar miaCnia mniSvnelovnad uaryos.
TamaSebisa da procedurebis uamravi varianti arsebobs. am procedurebs TamaSs imis gamo vuwodebT,
rom isini Terapevtis mxridan xelovnuradaa inicirebuli. TiToeuli maTgani klientis reaqciaze, azris
damokidebulebis gamoxatvazea mimarTuli. is rac axla xdeba mis Tavs, am momentSi. TamaSis daxmarebiT
klienti imasac arkvevs, Tu ra aris realoba da ra fantazia. TamaSebis mizania fsiqikuri realobis mniSvnelovani
aspeqtebis gacnobiereba, ganmtkiceba da gaZliereba.
1. `cxeli skami~. rodesac jgufSi Terapevti erT personasTan muSaobs, xolo danarCeni jgufis wevrebi
Tvalyurs adevneben, aseT process `cxel skamze~ muSaoba ewodeba. am dros klienti jgufuri muSaobis
centrSi, fokusSi imyofeba. miskenaa mipyrobili mTeli jgufis yuradReba, isini aqtiurad am procesSi ar
erTvebian.
2. `carieli skami~. Terapevtsa da klients Soris muSaobisas figurirebs e. w. `carieli skami~, romelic
klientisTvis mniSvnelovan figurasTan dialogisTvis gamoiyeneba. mniSvnelovani figura SeiZleba iyos
warsulidan, awmyodan an momavlidan. aseve cariel skamze SeiZleba gaTamaSdes dialogi sxvadasxva sub-
personebTan, magaliTad, klientis `igi~-s da `idealur me~-s Soris mimarTebebi. aseve `keTil~ da `borot~,
`misaReb~ da `miuRebel~ nawilebs Soris dialogi da a. S. am dros klienti orive skamze rig-rigobiT
ganasaxierebs mxareebs. es procesi rekomendirebulia Catardes klientisTvis mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebis
miRebis win, rodesac skamze ganTavsebuli mxareebi, gadawyvetilebis `momxre~ da `mowinaaRmdege~
poziciebs axmovaneben. saukeTeso gadawyvetileba Cveulebriv kompromisulia da SeTanxmebiT miiReba.
3. `wreze~ muSaoba. Terapevti rig-rigobiT erTi da igive fraziT mimarTavs wreSi mjdom monawileebs.
winadadeba SeiZleba gamoxatavdes sxvadasxva Sinaarssa da emocias, rogoricaa brazi, sayveduri,
Tavazianoba, sinanuli. Terapevtis fantaziidan gamomdinare es samuSao sxvadasxva variantiT SeiZleba
ganxorcieldes. magaliTad, klients moeTxoveba gaimeoros miwodebuli winadadeba. proceduris arsi imaSi
mdgomareobs, Tu vin rogor gamoxatavs ama Tu im Sinaarss. zogs uWirs brZanebis warmoTqma, zogs ki
Tavazianoba. amasTan procedura klients exmareba fonidan figuris gamokveTaSi da masze koncentrirebaSi.
4. `daumTavrebeli winadadeba~. es wreze muSaobis naisarxeobaa. Terapevti warmoTqvams
dausrulebel winadadebas. magaliTad, `me am jgufSi aravis vendobi...~ an `me Zalian kargi xasiaTi maqvs...~
jgufis wevrebs moeTxovebaT gaimeoron mosmenili da Tavis mxridan daamaton is rac TavSi mouvaT.

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aRniSnuli savarjiSo gulisxmobs interpretacias, rac TerapevtTan erTad unda gacnobierdes. amis saSualebiT
Terapevti gadis im dacviT meqanizmebze, romlebic jgufis wevrebs SeiZleba gaaCndeT. magaliTad, proeqcia,
introeqcia, retrofleqsia, defleqsia, konfluencia.
5. sizmarze, ocnebaze muSaoba. geStalt Terapevti `axla da aq~ klients Txovs warmoadginos sizmris, an
ocnebis fragmenti. TiTqos is kinofilmi iyos, romelic jgufis wevrebs ar unaxavT. amasTan nanaxi personaJebi
klientis mxridan pirvel pirSi da axlandel droSi unda iyos gadmocemuli, gamoxatuli. sizmris TiToeuli detali
klientis pirovnebis garkveul aspeqts gamoxatavs, warmoaCens.
amgvari gamoxatva vrceldeba sizmarSi nanax sulier da usulo sagnebzec. ara aqvs didi mniSvneloba
sizmars an ocnebas ramodenime wlis winaT hqonda adgili Tu axlaxan.
aRniSnuli procedura klientis mZlavri gancdebis-emociebis warmoCenas, maT gacnobiereba-gagebas
emsaxureba.
6. akrZalulze, tabuirebulze, saidumloze muSaoba. am problemaze muSaoba isec aris SesaZlebeli, rom
Tavad diskomfortis gamomwvevi Sinaarsi ar iyos warmoTqmuli. amisTvis jgufis wevrebi fiqroben TavianT
pirad saidumloze, romelic sindisis qenjvnas, danaSaulis grZnobas hgvriT. amis Semdeg warmoidgenen, rom maT
jgufis wevrebs gaandes saTqmeli, da aseve warmodgenaSi akvirdebian im reaqciebs, romlebic maTi mxridan
iqna gamoxatuli. am ukanasknelze, isini realurad yvebian da uziareben jgufis wevrebs ise, rom xdeba azrTa
urTierTgaziareba. sakuTar damokidebulebebs jgufis wevrebis warmosaxul pasuxze da reaqciaze.
amgvari procedura iwvevs gaucnobier Sinaarsze koncentrirebas, gacnobiereba aseve grZnobebis,
emociebis warmoCenas da kaTarziss.
7. me viReb pasuxismgeblobas saubarSi romelSic TiToeuli wevri CarTulia geStalt Terapevti Semodis
winadadebiT, rom yovel naTqvams jgufis wevrebma daamaton fraza _ `me viReb pasuxismgeblobas~.
proceduris mizania klientma gaacnobieros naTqvamis mniSvneloba da sakuTari pasuxismgebloba
warmoTqmulze.
8. kontaqtisa da ganridebis monacvleoba. interpersonalur mimarTebebSi klienti xSirad midrekilia
mudmivad kontaqtisaken, an ganridebisken. idealSi, es am mimarTebaTa riTmuli cvalebadobaa.
moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas ganrideba unda mohyves, xolo daukmayofileblobas kontaqti. geStalt Terapevti
dakvirvebis Sedegad sTavazobs jgufis wevrs ganaxorcielos erTi an meore, gaacnobieros aRniSnuli
mimarTebebi. Tu jgufis wevri ganridebiskenaa midrekili, mas jgufi usafrTxo garemos sTavazobs, romelSiac
mas imden xans SeuZlia iyos, sanam kontaqtis moTxovnileba ar gadasZlevs. proceduris mizania klientma
gacnobierebulad da mizanSewonilad cvalos garemosTan kontaqtisa da ganridebis riTmi.
9. daTrgunulis gazviadeba. Terapevti akvirdeba Tu vis ra Sinaarsis gamoxatva uWirs, ra ar exerxeba.
magaliTad, agresia, siyvaruli, intimuri grZnoba da a. S. klients moeTxoveba gazviadebuli formiT, ufro
mkveTrad gamoxatos is Sinaarsebi, romelic misTvis problematuria. Terapevti am dros exmareba aRniSnul
Sinaarsebze koncentrirebaSi, gacnobierebaSi. miuTiTebs amis ganxorcielebis SesaZlo gzebsa da variantebze.
10. reversuli qceva. klientze dakvirvebisa da obieqturi informaciis miRebis Semdeg mas sTxoven
Seasrulos qceva, romelic radikalurad gansxvavdeba, as oTxmoci gradusiT sapirispiroa im qcevis, romelic mas
axasiaTebs. magaliTad, Tu klienti pasiuria, mas sTxoven gamoxatos agresiuloba. Tu morcxvia, Txoven
gamoxatos iniciativiani _ Tamami qceva. am dros klienti afarToebs Tavisi moqmedebis, xedvis sazRvrebs.
11. proeqciuli qceva. rodesac jgufis wevri iseT aRqmebs gamoavlens, romelic proeqciis gamomxatvelia,
geStalt Terapevti mas sTxovs im adamianis roli iTamaSos, romelzedac axdens proecirebas. am dros klienti
sakuTar konfliqtur mxares avlens da gamoxatavs, rac mis farul, gaucnobierebel pirovnul aspeqtebTan
gacnobierebuli mimarTebisTvisaa saWiro. Sedegad klienti acnobierebs sakuTar TavSi arsebul im konfliqts,
romlis arsebobac manamde misTvis ucnobi iyo.

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 12. retrofleqsiuli qceva. rodesac geStalt Terapevti jgufis wevrSi aRmoaCens qcevas, romlis drosac is
sakuTar TavTan rogorc sxvasTan iseT urTierTobaSia, magaliTad, ambobs `me unda gavakeTo esa da es~,
sakuTar Tavs kicxavs, an kiTxvebs usvams, es retrofleqsuri dacviTi stilis gamomxatvelia, mas SeiZleba
SesTavazos aseTi procedura: is, rasac klienti sakuTar Tavs eubneba, an ukeTebs, sxvis mimarT gamoxatos.
amisTvis jgufSi specifikuri Tbili atmosfero da mimarTebebia Sesaqmneli, rom klientma gabedos is, rac
misTvis Cveulebriv cxovrebaSi diskomfortuli da Znelad gansaxorcielebelia.
igive viTarebaSi geStalt Terapevtma SeiZleba klients SesTavazos retrofleqsiuri qcevis Sesruleba an sakuTar
TavTan sityvieri mimarTva, romelSiac SesamCnevad gazviadebuli iqneba retrofleqsiuri momentebi, rom jgufis
wevrma kargad gaacnobieros sakuTar TavSi arsebuli problema.
13. konfluenciuri qceva. rodesac Terapevti SeamCnevs, rom klienti zedmetad iTqvifeba jgufSi, kargavs
sakuTar poziciasa da `saxes~. erwymis umravlesobas, maSin SesaZlebelia SesTavazos qcevis ganxorcieleba,
romelSic igi daupirispirdeba umravlesobas. gamoxatos sakuTari `me~-s iseT waxnagebs, romliTac igi
gamoirCeva sxvebisgan. jgufSi, Sesabamisi tolerantuli atmosferos Seqmnis SemTxvevaSi, klients
gauadvildeba sakuTari Tavis mniSvnelovani aspeqtebis warmoCena, danaxva, gacobiereba.
14. defleqsiuri qceva. rodesac jgufis wevrs uWirs fonidan, figuris gamoyofa, masze koncentrireba, es
Cveulebriv aseT qcevaSi vlindeba: adamians, rodesac surs vinmesTan kontaqtSi Sesvla, ver axerxebs Tvalis
gasworebas, fokusSi moqcevas, misi mzera obieqtis miRmaa mimarTuli. am problemaze muSaobisas geStalt
Terapevti klients sTxovs ar moaSoros mzera sasurvel obieqts, amasTan sityvierad warmoTqvas, gaaxmovanos
Tavisi gancdebi.
am varjiSiT klienti naTlad acnobierebs ra unda da ra ar unda, amis Sesabamisad ras akeTebs da ras ar
akeTebs.
15. dabneulobaze muSaoba. dabneuloba usiamovno gancdaa, romelic klientSi meryeobas badebs, man
ar icis, ver gadauwyvetia kontaqti daamyaros obieqtTan, Tu ganeridos. yovelive es motorul da inteleqtualur
doneze aqtivobisTvis moumzadeblobas ganapirobebs, es ki qcevis CaSlas iwvevs, rac dabneulobaSi
gamoixateba.
geStalt Terapevtis daxmareba imaSi gamoixateba, rom xeli Seuwyos klients gauZlos realobas, SeZlos
darCes masTan, cnobierad ganicados movlena, ar gaeqces mas. es imaSi gamoixateba, rom fokusSi moaqcios
dabneuloba, fonidan figurad gardaqmnas igi. klientisTvis aRmoCena isaa, rom Tu is kontaqts ar Sewyvets, ar
ganerideba usiamovno gancdas maSin, Tavad organizmi iZleva biZgs da mimarTulebas, Tu saiT wavides procesi
da rogor daiZlios dabneuloba.
mcdari gzaa dabneulobis dros klienti ecados inteleqtualurad gadaWras problema, man ZiriTadad is unda
gaakeTos, rom miiRos problema, `Tvalgaxelili~ Sexvdes mas, ZiriTadi biZgi, problemis gadaWris kuTxiT
misi inteleqtualuri Carevis gareSe moxdeba.
sicariele dabneulobis nayofia, is gamoxatavs realobas, rom kontaqti ar aris. klients am dros rom sTxovon
raime warmoisaxos, mas araferi TavSi ar mosdis, mxolod qaosi da gaurkvevlobaa.
geStalt Terapevtis funqcia am dros imaSi mdgomareobs, rom miaRebinos klients sicariele rogorc
fokusirebadi obieqti, Tu es moxerxda pacienti aRmoaCens, rom sicarielis ekranze, rogorc CaZinebis win,
xatebi warmoisaxeba, romlebic `nayofier sicarieled~ SeiZleba iqces. es klientisTvis `aha~ gancdis
gamomwvevia, rasac dabneuloba jer gaurkvevlobaSi, xolo Semdeg sicxadeSi gadahyavs.
16. pirovnul zonaTa gacnobiereba. es varjiSi sakuTari Tavis proecirebasa da realurad danaxvas
emsaxureba. igi efeqturia jgufuri muSaobisas da SedarebiT adreul stadiaze gamoiyeneba. procesis
ganxorcielebisaTvis geStalt Terapevts esaWiroeba 1) Sinagan, 2) garegan da 3) Sua _ fantaziis zonebze
koncentrirebis unari. aRniSnuli proceduris Casatareblad saWiroa daaxloebiT erTi saaTi.

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 procedura SeiZleba Catardes, rogorc geStalt Terapevtsa da klients Soris, aseve wyvilad gaerTianebul
klientebs Soris, geStalt Terapevtis instruqtaJiTa da TandaswrebiT.
rogorc vTqviT, Cveni gacnobierebis sfero daiyofa sam zonad. gare realobad, Cveni sxeulis Sinagan
realobad da Cveni azrovnebis, fantaziis sferod. jgufis wevrebi wyvil-wyvilad sxdebian erTmaneTis pirispir.
aduneben sxeuls da erT-erTi maTgani warmoTqvams frazas `me axla vacnobiereb, rom...~ da cdilobs aRweros
is SegrZnebebi, romlebic mxolod gare realobis zonas ganekuTvneba. magaliTad, partnioris tansacmlis feri,
misi parfiumeriis surneli, quCis xmauri da a. S. igi imeorebs naTqvams da Tan ukvirdeba warmoTqmul
Sinaarss da acnobierebs SegrZnebebs. partniori cdilobs Seusworos, Tu klienti gare zonis magier sxva
Sinaarsebsac asaxelebs. amis Semdeg, igives akeTebs meore monawilec. Semdgomi procedura moicavs
koncentirebas sxeulze _ Sinagan zonaze. erT-erTi monawile warmoTqvams frazas `axla me vacnobiereb...~ da
amTavrebs Sinagani SegrZnebebis aRweriT, rogoricaa magaliTad, barZaySi kunTis daWimuloba, piris
simSrale, xelisgulis qavili da a. S. igi imeorebs naTqvams da akvirdeba SegrZnebebs. amis Semdeg,
monawileni Segnebulad ar unda koncentrirdnen romelime zonaze, aramed ecadon daamTavron winadadeba
`me vacnobiereb, rom...~ moayolon is Sinaarsebi, romlebic TavisTavad mosdiT TavSi. amiT aRmoaCenen im
Sinaarsebs, romlebic yvelaze problematuri da aqtualuria maTTvis.
rodesac mTlianad moaxdenen TiToeul zonasTan identificirebas, Seecadon cnobierad gadavidnen erTi
zonidan meoreSi. amas garda, gaafarTovon TiToeuli zonis gacnobierebis masStabi, aRmoaCinon maTSi is
Sinaarsebi, romlebsac manamde ar aqcevdnen yuradRebas da ver SeigrZnobdnen.
xSirad klientebs eSlebaT erTmaneTSi Sinagani da fantaziis zonis Sinaarsebi, es im SemTxvevaSi xdeba,
rodesac klients Sinagani zonis sensoruli monacemebi ereva Tavis intuiciur warmodgenebSi. am SemTxvevaSi
partniori unda daexmaros mas, rom zusti saxeli daarqvas TiToeuls.
SesaZlebelia am varjiSis amgvari gagrZelebac. monawile uyurebs partniors, ambobs frazas `axla me
vacnobiereb...~ da amTavrebT meores dakvirvebis SinaarsiT, Tu ras ganicdis partniori samive zonaSi cal-
calke. Semdeg partniorTan azustebs misi dakvirvebis SinaarsTa siswores. magaliTad, akvirdeba da
axmovanebs partnioris Sinagani zonis Sinaarss, ambobs mis magier `me vacnobiereb, rom vgrZnob
daZabulobas kisris areSi...~ da a. S. samive zonis amowurvis Semdeg igives asrulebs meore partnioric. amis
Semdeg, igi ukukavSiriT pasuxobs procesis monawiles, eubneba Tu ramdenad sworia misi dakvirveba.
bolos xdeba jgufTan aRniSnuli proceduris ganxilva da gansja.
17. saSinao davaleba. es procedura aCqarebs pozitiuri Terapiuli Sedegis miRebas. saSinao davaleba
mdgomareobs imaSi, rom klienti miubrundes Terapiuli seansis dros ganxorcielebul proceduras da xelaxla
gaiTamaSos is, axla ukve damoukideblad sxvaTa Tandaswrebis gareSe. am dros mas eZleva saSualeba
aRmoaCinos winaaRmdegoba da gamouxatavi Sinaarsebi. Sedegad, klients SeuZlia gaacnobieros misi
mxridan ganridebis tendenciebi, aseve gaarkvios, Tu ra situaciaSi da rogor wyvitavs is gacnobierebisa da
gamoxatvis msvlelobas. zogs Zalian uWirs saSinao davalebis Sesruleba, rac masSi arsebuli winaaRmdegobis
demonstrirebaa. visac ZaluZs amgvari proceduris Sesruleba, is aCqarebs Terapiis warmatebiT damTavrebis
process.
18. urTierTdapirispirebulTa integracia: `Tavdamsxmeli da Tavdamcveli~. es savarjiSo mimarTulia
klientis konfliqtur mxareTa aRmoCena, gacnobiereba-daZlevisaken. procedura tardeba 40-50 wuTis
ganmavlobaSi da emsaxureba gamocdilebis SeZenas. am gaTamaSebis wamyvans esaWiroeba geStalt Terapevtis
kvalifikacia. seansis dawyebis win wamyvanma monawileebs unda gaacnos `urTierTdapirispirebulTa~ cneba,
rogoradac es geStalt TerapiaSia Camoyalibebuli.
procedura ase mimdinareobs. jgufis monawileni wyvil-wyvilad urTierTsapirispirod sxedan skamebze.
erTi maTgani `Tavdamsxmelia~, xolo meore `Tavdamcveli~. dialogi aseTi TanmimdevrobiT viTardeba.

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`Tavdamsxmeli~ adanaSaulebs, akritikebs, brals sdebs, xolo `Tavdamcveli~ Tavs imarTlebs, bodiSebs ixdis,
dapirebebs iZleva da a. S. 8-10 wuTis Semdeg rolebi icvleba. monawileni rolebs icvlian. procesi kvlav 10
wuTamde grZeldeba. amis Semdeg xdeba gamocdilebis gaziareba, Tu vis, romel rolSi ra gamosdioda da ra _
vera. sad ufro mxned da Tavisuflad moqmedebda; romeli unarebi poulobdnen realizacias da romeli ara. amis
safuZvelze ikveTeba monawilis pirovnuli waxnagebi da saxe. jgufi aqtiurad arCevs momxdars.
19. enis Zala. es procedura jgufis wevrebs exmareba maTi enis struqturis SecvlaSi, es ki iwvevs
pasuxismgeblobis aridebidan, pasuxismgeblobis aRebisken svlas. Sedegad icvleba ara marto laparakis stili,
aramed klientis azrovneba da qceva. varjiSi moiTxovs 30 wuTs.
pirispir sxdebian da jgufis wevrebi wyvildebian, erTmaneTs TvalebSi uyureben. monawileni TiToeuli
ambobs sam frazas, romelic iwyeba sityvebiT `me unda~ da a. S. partniori pasuxis nacvlad aseve ambobs sam
frazas, romelic iwyeba sityvebiT `me unda...~ amis Semdeg partniorebi kvlav warmoTqvamen TavianT
naTqvam winadadebas, magram dasawyisSi `me undas~ cvlian `me vamjobine~-Ti,, xolo winadadebis
danarCen nawils ucvlelad toveben. amis Semdeg monawile usmens Tavisi partnioris Secvlil frazas, Tqmis
Semdeg isini uziareben erTmaneTs TavianT gancdebs.
amis Semdeg partniorebi rig-rigobiT amboben sam frazas, romlebic iwyeba sityvebiT `me ar SemiZlia...~,
xolo Semdeg cvlian `me ar minda~-Ti da ucvlelad toveben winadadebis danarCen nawils. Semdeg,
monawileebi naTqvamTan dakavSirebiT kvlav uziareben erTmaneTs TavianT STabeWdilebebs, Seicvala
raime Tu ara?
partniorebi kvlav amboben rig-rigobiT sam frazas, romelic iwyeba sityvebiT `me saWiroa~, xolo
naTqvamis pirvel nawils SemdgomSi cvlian `me minda~-Ti, xolo danarCen nawils ucvlelad toveben. amis
Semdeg akvirdebian naTqvams da msjeloben aris raime mniSvnelovani warmoTqmulSi? erTmaneTs
uziareben STabeWdilebebs.
bolos partniorebi warmoTqvamen sam-sam frazas, romelic iwyeba `me meSinia, rom...~ da grZeldeba
saTqmeliT, xolo Semdeg naTqvamis wina nawili icvleba gamonaTqvamiT `me minda, rom...~ da emateba
naTqvam winadadebas. boloSi monawileni erTmaneTs uziareben STabeWdilebebs, Tu ra xdeba Secvlilad
naTqvami winadadebis Sedegad.
varjiSis arsi imaSia, rom sityvebi `me unda~, `me ar SemiZlia~, `mesaWiroeba~ da `me meSinia~
uaryofen adamianis pasuxismgeblobas naTqvamze, xolo amisgan gansxvavebiT `me vamjobineb~, `me ar
minda~, `me minda, rom~ gamoxatavs monawileTa pauxismgeblobas TavianT gamonaTqvamze.
cvlis ra enasa da gamonaTqvams, adamiani dgams nabijs pasuxismgeblobis amaRlebisken.
20. gazviadebiT, qcevis sapirispirod gardaqmna. varjiSis mizania Sinagani konfliqtebis garkveva,
gacnobiereba, moxsna. is warmoadgens jgufur rolur TamaSs, romelic aaSkaravebs im Sinagan konfliqtebs,
romlebic monawileTaTvis manamde SeumCneveli iyo. aseve emsaxureba cnobierebis gafarTovebas, rac
mniSvnelovan pirovnul moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas ganapirobebs.
procesi moiTxovs 60 wuTs, varjiSis xelmZRvaneli unda flobdes geStalt Terapevtis Cvevebs.
jgufis wevri Tavad irCevs misTvis arasasurvel qcevas, romelic problemebs uqmnis. im SemTxvevaSi Tu
klienti Tavad ver amCnevs arasasurvel qcevas, xolo TerapevtisTvis an jgufis wevrebisTvis is TvalSi
mosaxvedria, maSin Tavad jgufi awvdis klients Sesacvlel qcevas. es SeiZleba iyos mosaubrisTvis Tvalis
TvalSi ver gasworeba. mudmivad moridebulad yofna, CurCuliT laparaki, mouTmenloba an mouridebloba.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac jgufis wevri ver acnobierebs sakuTar konfliqtur qcevas, mas sTxoven amgvari
qcevis gazviadebulad Sesrulebas, rom igi misi cnobierebisaTvis misawvdomi gaxdes. magaliTad, Tu adamiani
mudmivad moridebiT da bodiSis moxdiT laparakobs, mas sTxoven yoveli winadadebis dasawyisSi
warmoTqvas: `didi bodiSi SewuxebisTvis~... da Semdeg gaagrZelos saTqmeli.

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 im SemTxvevaSi Tu monawile acnobierebs Tavis konfliqtur qcevas, maSin mas sTxoven Seasrulos misi
sapirispiro qceva. magaliTad, Tu monawile mouridebeli da uxeSia mas sTxoven yoveli mimarTvisas neba
aiRos partniorisgan da rac SeiZleba Tavaziani iyos. amasTan aucilebelia proceduris Semdeg gancdaTa
dakvirveba im problemaTa warmoCena, romlebic jgufis monawiles aRniSnuli qcevis Sesrulebisas eqmneba.
Tavis mxriv jgufic uziarebs monawiles Tavis dakvirvebebs. sasurvelia jgufis TiToeulma monawilem
gaiTamaSos amgvari qceva da moisminos ukukavSiri danarCenebisgan.
21. Zveli mitovebuli maRazia. am proceduris mizania adamiani Seexos Tavisi pirovnebis aspeqtebs,
romlebic Cveulebriv cnobierebis miRmaa da mTlianad ar gacnobierebula. varjiSi warmosaxvisa da intuiciis
amoqmedebas moiTxovs. procesi 60 wuTs grZeldeba. geStalt Terapevts moeTxoveba jgufSi muSaobis
gamocdileba, radgan procesi emociebiTaa datvirTuli.
monawile jdeba an wveba. modundiT da relaqsirdiT. daxuWeT Tvalebi. oTaxSi sasurvelia ar iyos
kaSkaSa ganaTeba. warmoidgineT rom miuyvebiT qalaqis erT-erT quCas, gvianaa da bnela. warmoidgineT
Tu ras xedavT da ra gesmiT. amCnevT viwro quCas, romliskenac gadauxvevT. am quCaze miadgebiT Zvel
mitovebul maRazias, romlis arcTu kargad gamWvirvale fanjrebSi Tu SeixedavT dainaxavT uamrav Zvel
sagans. Tqven kargad akvirdebiT am sagnebs, Semdeg ukan qalaqSi brundebiT. monawiles moeTxoveba
aRweros erT-erTi mniSvnelovani sagani, romelic maRaziaSi aRmoaCina. amis mere warmoidgineT, rom
Tavad xarT es sagani da mohyeviT pirvel pirSi am sagnis anu Tqveni istoria, saidan xarT, sad yofilxarT da
rogor moxvdiT maRaziaSi. amasTan ras grZnobT? ratom moxvdiT aq? vin mogitanaT? ras warmoadgens
Tqveni arseboba am sagnis saxiT? amis Semdeg kvlav sakuTari Tavi gaxdiT da am poziciidan SexedeT
sagans. Seicvala raime Tu ara? raime axali Cans Tu ara masSi? gindaT raime uTxraT? urCioT?
arsebobs am savarjiSos mravali varianti. magaliTad, Tqven seirnobT Zvel did sasaxleSi, xolo rodesac mas
tovebT Tan migaqvT raime mniSvnelovani sagani, romelic amis Semdeg Tqven pirvel pirSi unda
gaaxmovanoT. an kidev mogzaurobT did yvavilovan baRSi, romlidanac irCevT erT-erT yvavils da mas
ganaxmovanebT, Tu rogor ganicdiT mzes, mTvares, gverdze myof macxovreblebs, wvimas, qars da a. S. am
proceduris dros monawile arCeul saganze sakuTari pirovnebis proecirebas axdens, rac sakuTari pirovnebis
gamoxatvis efeqturi formaa. amas Tan axlavs sakuTari konfliqtebisa da problemebis warmoCena.
sasurvelia jgufis TiToeulma wevrma mTlianad gamoxatos sakuTari emociebi.
rac ar unda dawvrilebiT iyos aRwerili Cvens mier moyvanili geStalt procedurebi, maTi avtomaturad
Sesruleba Terapevtis pirovnebisa da jgufis specifikis gaTvaliswineblad araa mizanSewonili.
Tavad geStalt procedura mebaRis niCabs, an qirurgis instruments SeiZleba SevadaroT, romelsac imis
keTeba ekisreba, rasac mebaRe, an qirurgi moiazrebs. amasTan ZiriTad mimarTulebas swored klienti da jgufi
iZleva.
am wignSi, didi adgili eTmoba kontaqtis fenomens. rodesac klientsa da jgufs Soris kontaqti myardeba is
TiToeul adamianSi Rrma da unikalur gancdebs badebs. es STabeWdilebebi zogjer imdenad didia, rom mTeli
sicocxlis manZilze SeiZleba gahgyves. amgvari gamocdileba, romelic Rrmad subieqturi da pirovnulia qmnis
adamianis ganviTarebisa da zrdis safuZvels. es is `agurebia~, romlisganac Sendeba pirovnebis `Senoba~.
moyvanili geStalt procedurebi zegavlenis mqone efeqturi Terapiuli saSualebebia.

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 jgufuri geStalt Terapiuli procesi

(pirovnebis integracia)

fsiqoTerapevti (jgufis wevrebs): TiToeulma TqvenTaganma, rogorc klientma, SegiZliaT momawodoT

problema, romelic amJamad gawuxebT; gindaT misi gadaWra, daZleva. SeecadeT problemis verbalurad
gadmocemas.
warmogidgenT geStalt Terapiul process, romelsac davarqmevT pirovnebis gaxleCil nawilTa
integracia-gamTlianebas. es procesi gulisxmobs klientis pirovnebis re-integracias. es teqnikurad
Sesasruleblad rTuli procesia _ Terapevtis mxridan moiTxovs geStalt Terapiis meTodis sruli arsenalis
gamoyenebas. mokled CamovTvli ZiriTad procedurebs:
Terapevti klients unda daexmaros gaxleCil-danawevrebuli pirovnebis Sinaganad Tavsebad erT
mTlianobad Camoyalibeba-gadastruqturirebaSi;
aucilebelia, Terapevtma klienti TiToeuli Tavisi nawilis warmoCenisas alaparakos pirvel pirsa
(“me”) da mxolod awmyo droSi;
Terapevti unda daexmaros klients naTlad gamoxatos Tavisi problema. misi Careva-intervencia
saWiro kiTxvebis dasmiT unda ganxorcieldes. amas geStalt TerapiaSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba
eniWeba.
rodesac klienti Tavis problemas gadmogvcems, Terapevti mas exmareba am problemasTan kavSirSi
myofi ori dapirispirebuli mxaris naTlad gamoxatvaSi. amasTan sasurvelia, rom TiToeuli mxaris pozicia
gamoiTqvas rig-rigobiT, or urTierTsapirispirod mdgar skamze jdomisas. Terapevtis daxmarebiT mxareebi
erTmaneTTan dialogSi unda Sevidnen; Tavidan gamoTqvan problemasTan dakavSirebuli sakuTari
gansxvavebuli azrebi; maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli emociiT daupirispirdnen da wauyenon urTierTs
pretenziebi. amis Semdeg iwyeba kompromisisa da Serigebis etapi: mxareebma unda gamoTqvan is, rac
moswonT da afaseben erTmaneTSi. miscen rCevebi da aRmouCinon urTierTdaxmareba. Semdgom
aucilebelia, rom Terapevtma TiToeul mxares naTlad gamoaxatinos gancdebi da emociebi, romelic
sxeulis pozasa da mimikaSi aris asaxuli. anu, Terapevtma klientis yuradReba unda miapyros sxeulis im
nawilebze, romlis SegrZnebebi Cveulebriv ver cnobierdeba. magaliTad, kunTebis daWimuloba-
moduneba, rac mniSvnelovan informacias awvdis adamians sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb. Terapevtma orive
mxaris kompromisze wasvlis Semdeg, TiToeuls unda gamoaxatinos urTierTdaxmarebis Sesaxeb
dapirebebi. bolos, seansi mTavrdeba ori urTierTsawinaaRmdegod mdgomi skamis erTmaneTTan
midgmiT, gaerTianebiT, romelzedac jdeba klienti da warmosaxvaSi ganicdis im nawilebs, axla da aq,
romlebic manamde iqna gansaxierebuli. ai, esaa Cveni amocana. Tu amas SevasrulebT erTi seansis
msvlelobaSi, es Zalian nayofieri iqneba.
axla, modiT davsxdeT wreSi, raTa yoveli Cvengani grZnobdes erTmaneTis aq da amJamad yofnas.
nino gamoTqvams survils, iyos geStalt Terapevtis klienti.
nino _ (mcire pauzis Semdeg). problema... ici rogori var? zedmetad emociuri, rac xels miSlis vicxovro yoveli
mocemuli dRiT. rasac ganvicdi, ar minda, rom ganvicdide. rasac ganvicdi, ar minda, rom maxsendebodes,
mesizmrebodes.
Terapevti _ aha;
nino _ saerTod, iseTi var, rom rodesac momwons adamiani, masTan urTierToba da vgrZnob, rom es
urTierToba ar aris iseTi, rogoric minda, rom davinaxo... ar minda viyo aseTi, rogoric var _ zedmetad
emociuri.

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Terapevti _ ra ar mogwons?
nino _ udardeli minda, rom viyo. anu, rom Sexedav da daiviwyeb; aRar maxsovdes maTi Sewuxebuli saxe,
ganvitvirTo; vicxovro axlandeli dRiT.
Terapevti (jgufs) _ kidev ufro kargad gaverkveT, Tu raSia problema. zedmetad emociuri, varo _ase
gansazRvra problema, magram kargad unda gavigoT, Tu ra xdeba am dros? Relavs nino, ganicdis raimes,
diskomfortSia? aris nino amis sapirispiro mdgomareobaSi? davexmaroT ninos, rom kargad gamohyos ori
mxare: erTi mxare aRelvebuli, daZabuli diskomfortSi myofi, da meore _ udardeli nino. SevamowmoT
asea, Tu ara? gavmarToT dialogi ori ukiduresi mdgomareobis gamomxatvel ninoebs Soris.
nino _ var xolme udardeli, magram iSviaTad.
Terapevti _ gadavideT dialogze: axla da aq, am skamze, pirvel pirSi gamoxate nino, romelic aRelvebulia da
diskomfortis mdgomareobaSi, xolo meore skamze _ udardeli, yoveldRiurobiT mcxovrebi, romelsac ar
anaRvlebs bevri ram. modi gadavideT dialogis procesze.
Terapevti _ daiwye nino, ase: me var aRelvebuli nino... gaagrZele...
nino _ me var aRelvebuli nino (swrafad ambobs da pauzas akeTebs). guli miCqardeba xolme (Sesworeba
Seaqvs), guli maqvs aCqarebuli.
Terapevti _ aha;
nino _ vcdilob Tvalis aridebas, ganridebas, yuradRebis gadatanas sxva rameze. mometebul sisustes vgrZnob.
xandaxan Tavis tkivilic maqvs xolme.
Terapevti _ gaqvs xolme?
nino _ vcdilob Tvalis aridebas, yuradRebis gadatanas.
Terapevti _ ram SeiZleba gamoiwvios es emocia?
nino _ gaxsenebam.
Terapevti _ ris?
nino _ ris gaxsenebam? (fiqrobs)
Terapevti _ gaixsene.
nino _ konkretulad, situacia gavixseno? vmegobrob, daaxloebiT erTi welia da skolis damTavrebis Semdeg,
TiTqmis civdeba es urTierToba.
Terapevti _ Sen ras ganicdi am dros?
nino _ guli mtkiva, ver vxvdebi, es ram SeiZleba gamoiwvios. Cems TavSi veZeb, raime xom ar vawyenine?
magram mizezs ver vxvdebi, ver poulob. imitom, rom patara wyenac ar yofila da gaugebrobac (xelebi
gadajaWvuli aqvs da awvalebs).
Terapevti _ modi, axla miTxari Sens amJamindel SegrZnebebsa da gancdebze.
nino – sicives vgrZnob mklavebSi, mTlianad xelebSi.
Terapevti _ ras grZnob?
nino – sicives.
Terapevti _ kidev?
nino _ dabuJebas vgrZnob fexebSi.
Terapevti _ ufro zustad?
nino _ muxlis qvemoT (pozas icvlis, fexs fexze gadaidebs). kidev, TiTqos guli maqvs damZimebuli. tkvili,
Cxvleta araa, magram gamizezebuli maqvs da damZimebuli.
Terapevti _ aba daakvirdi, ganicade gulis damZimeba, SeigrZeni ra xdeba da miTxari.
nino _ ra vici, gulis wina mxare maqvs damZimebuli da sruli sicariele TavSi.
Terapevti _ sicarielea TavSi? rogor ganicdeba es sicariele?

71
nino – (fiqrobs) tkivili iwyeba.
Terapevti _ aaa?! ra SegrZnebebi gaqvs kiserSi, mkerdSi, tanSi?
nino _ ara, SegrZneba ufro am nawilSia, TavSi.
Terapevti _ ras ganicdi sxeulSi?
nino – sxeulSi sisustes vgrZnob.
Terapevti _ madlob, kargad gadmoscem imas, rasac SeigrZnob. modi axla gadmobrZandi meore skamze da
gaxdi `udardeli~ nino.
nino _ me var udardeli nino. araferi maxsovs cudi. yvelaferi miyvars. miyvars es mze, sicocxle...
Terapevti _ rogor gamoiyurebi? aRwere Seni Tavi. me var da ... gaagrZele, aRwere.
nino _ ar vici, Tvalebi mibrwyinavs.
Terapevti _ aha, Tvalebi gibrwyinavs...
nino _ da Cems dadebiT energias sxvasac gadavcem.
Terapevti _ sad aris es energia?
nino _ (xels idebs mkerdze) CemSi.
Terapevti – daazuste, sad ganicdi energias, mkerdSi?
nino _ (mkerdze idebs xels) aqaa.
Terapevti _ dadebiTi energia mkerdSia. amis gadacemas axden sxvebze?
nino _ Tavis daqneviT adasturebs.
Terapevti _ kidev ras ganicdi?
nino _ karg xasiaTze var. ki, ki, minda, rom yvela karg xasiaTze iyos. kidev minda xolme simRera.
Terapevti _ simReris xasiaTze xar?
nino _ ki, ki! Tavs kargad vgrZnob da maqsimalurad minda vecado, rom sxvebic davayeno karg xasiaTze.
memRereba, meRiRineba.
Terapevti _ afrqvev am emociebs?
nino _ aha!
Terapevti _ Zalian kargi, daakvirdi Sens sxeuls. ras ganicdi aseT mdgomareobaSi?
nino _ simsubuqes vgrZnob.
Terapevti _ aha;
nino – civi maqvs xelebi da fexebi, yvelaferi kargadaa.
Terapevti _ ra azrebi mogdis TavSi?
nino _ minda, rom gadavxte. ra hqvia imas?...
Terapevti _ planeri?
nino – ho, gadavfrinde mTidan.
Terapevti _ Zalian kargi. axla Sexede Sens win mjdom ninos, romelic daZabulia, diskomfortSia, da uTxari, ra
ar mogwons masSi? gaakritike, misi minusebi aRniSne, rac Cans Seni poziciidan. pirvel pirSi da axlandel
droSi.
nino – Sen xar Zalian daZabuli, mTlianad SegiZlia moixsna daZabuloba.
Terapevti _ nu gadadixar pirdapir rCevebze, aramed jer uTxari rogoria, rogor gamoiyureba. Sen xar daZabuli.
yvelaferi gulTan migaqvs. ganicdi yvelafers. imdenad ganicdi, rom tkivilamdec SeiZleba avides.
Terapevti _ aha, ra ar mogwons masSi?
nino _ ra ar momwons masSi? ar momwons es emociuroba, unda ecado yvelaferi dainaxo kargi. rac ar
mogwons, iqneb rogorme gamoasworo.
Terapevti _ rogor?

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nino _ amas vetyvi, magram...
Terapevti _ jer daukonkrete ra ar mogwons da Semdeg uTxari, Tu rogor gamoasworos.
nino _ ar momwons, rom aRelvebuli xar, daZabuli xar, emociuri xar, zedmetad ganicdi _ rac me da
garSemomyofebs gvexeba. iTrgunebi, mTlianad iTrgunebi; pesimisturi xar; uimedod xar; xandaxan erTi
ukiduresobidan meoreSi advilad vardebi; meocnebe xar; Zalian optomisti xar, magram roca xvdebi
realobas, roca sinamdviles ejaxebi, ase vTqvaT, xdeba ocnebebidan Camovardna. erTi ukiduresobidan
meoreSi vardebi.
Terapevti _ ra mosdis?
nino _ pesimizmSi vardeba.
Terapevti _ rogor gamoiyurebi am dros?
nino _ Zalian uxalisod gamoviyurebi. SeiZleba saerTod aravis danaxva ar mindodes.
Terapevti – Caiketebi?
nino – viketebi Cems TavSi.
Terapevti (auditorias) _ am dros TerapevtisTvis aucilebelia Caixedos sakuTar TavSi. mosmenilidan
gamomdinare, sakuTar Tavs dausvas kiTxva da mixvdes, ra xdeba am dros ninoSi? rodesac ar moswons
komfortSi myof ninos diskomfortSi myofi nino, romelic Tavis TavSi Caketilia, Terapevtma unda
SeigrZnos es mdgomareoba. Tu amas gaakeTebs ufro Rrmad Cawvdeba klients, vidre _ amis gareSe. anu,
saWiroa klientis im mdgomareobaSi Sesvla, SeRweva, romelSic is imyofeba da am yovelives axla da
amJamad gacocxleba. am mdgomareobaSi SesvlaSi fsiqoTerapevts Tavad klienti exmareba Tavisi ori
rolis CvenebiT. Terapevtma unda moaxerxos orive rolisTvis damaxasiaTebeli azrebisa da gancdebis
wvdoma. axla yuradReba minda gavamaxvilo Terapevtze, Tu rogor unda iqceodes igi. misi rCeva ar unda
iyos formaluri, sqematuri, usafuZvlo. Tavad klienti unda momwifdes sasurveli qcevisTvis. aris
SemTxvevebi, rodesac adamians urCeven formalurad sqematurad, `garedan~, da ara masTan myofis
mdgomareobidan gamomdinare. aseTi rCeva araefeqturia.
Terapevti _ komfortulad myofi udareli nino ras ganicdi? ras urCev diskomfortSi myof ninos?
nino _ me Sen TanagigrZnob. ar minda, rom aseTs hgavde. is rom emociuri TanagrZnoba gaqvs kargia,
magram normis farglebSi.
Terapevti _ emociuroba TanagrZnoba kargia, magram ratom aris zedmetad emociuri? modi es gavarkvioT.
nino _ ar vici.
Terapevti _ ese igi, verafers urCev, amitom modi gadmojeqi da gaxdi daZabuli, zedmetad emociuri nino. da
Seecade gaigo ratom aris aseTi. anu gadmojeqi da am rolidan Sexede da Seecade gaigo, is rac ucnobia, ar
Cans komfortSi myofi ninosTvis, raTa SemdgomSi Tavad SeZlos am mdgomareobidan gamosvla.
TviTon aRmoaCinos da Cven davinaxoT. daiwye ase: me var daZabuli, emociebiT Zalian gadatvirTuli
nino.
nino _ me var zedmetad daZabuli nino. mimaCnia _ es imiTaa gamowveuli, rom zedmetad optimisti var,
meocnebe var. xandaxan miWirs realobaSi dabruneba, Tumca yovelTvis ara.
Terapevti _ ocneba sxvaa, realoba sxva. iwyeb ocnebiT da enarcxebi realobaSi? rogor ganicdi yovelive amas?
zedmetad aRelvebuli xar? zedmetad emociuri?
Terapevti (auditorias) _ aucilebelia Terapevtma Tavis pirovnebaSi gaataros is informacia, romelic ninosgan
modis da maSin gamoCndeba `gvirabSi sinaTle~, anu gaCndeba misi problemis wvdoma, romelic axla
me maqvs.
Terapevti (ninos) _ daiwye ase: me ocnebis TvaliT vuyureb realobas...
nino _ me ocnebis TvaliT vuyureb realobas. viwyeb ocnebiT da venarcxebi realobaSi.

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Terapevti _ mniSvnelovania am informaciis gadamuSaveba. problemis wvdomasTan erTad maqvs misi
gagebis gancda. axdens ra Tavisi gancdebis verbalizacias, nino miadvilebs davinaxo problema misi
TvaliT. CemTvis gasagebi gaxda, rom ninos zedmeti emociuroba gapirobebulia imiT, rom realobas
uyurebs ocnebis TvaliT; Sedegad saxezea misi problema. vfiqrob ra ninos problemaze, vici, rom
realobisTvis Tvalis gasworeba sagnebisa da movlenebisTvis realuri saxelis darqmeva, gansakuTrebiT
maSin, rodesac aseTi realoba ar gsiamovnebs, adamianisgan vaJkacobas moiTxovs. axla me vcdilob
davinaxo ninos problema miseuli gancdiT da azrovnebiT, fokusSi movaqcio is rac aRmosaCenia,
SesaZloa gamosasworebelia misTvis.
nino _ me ocnebis TvaliT vuyureb realobas. mgonia rom yvela adamiani uproblemoa. mgonia, rom yvelaSi
TanagrZnobisa da daxmarebis survilia.
Terapevti _ mgonia ras niSnavs? ginda, rom adamianebi aseTebi iyvnen, Tu sinamdvileSi aseTi arian?
Terapevti (auditorias) _ axla, Tu SeamCnieT, Tu rogor SeiSmuSna nino, rac imas niSnavs, rom ar unda
miiRos aseTi realoba.
nino _ adamianebi realurad aseTni ar arian.
Terapevti (auditorias) _ me ninos mimarT axla TanagrZnobas gamovxatav, rodesac is adamianebs iRebs
iseTad, rogoric isini arian da ara iseTad, rogoric _ unda rom iyvnen.
nino (RimiliT) _ adamianebi realurad sulac ar arian aseTni. realobaSi, sakmaod civ urTierTobebs aqvs adgili
da ara marto Cems mimarT.
Terapevti (auditorias) _ am dros, mosmenili sakuTar TavSi unda gavataro. ra momiva, rodesac mimaCnia,
rom adamianebi sikeTiTa da siyvaruliT arian aRvsilni da davinaxav, rom isini erTmaneTis mimarT
gulgrilebi da civebi arian. maSin fexqveS miwa gamomecleba, rac ninos emarTeba. ra gamova Sedegad?
– avReldebi, diskomfortSi aRmovCndebi, emociurad daviZabebi, radgan erTs eli da sawinaaRmdego
xdeba; xolo rodesac molodini gaqvs rac unda moxdes, maSin ar iZabebi, ar vardebi moulodnel
viTarebaSi. Cven unda warmovidginoT Tavi ninos adgilas da maSin gamoCndeba sinaTle gvirabSi, anu
problemis gageba.
Terapevti (ninos) _ axla Seicvale skami da meocnebe, udardeli ninosgan gadadi realobis damnaxav ninoze.
SemoviyvanoT aseTi nino da davexmaroT dainaxos misi garemo. daiwye ase: `me var realobis
damnaxavi, SemgrZnobi da ganmcdeli nino... `
nino _ (usiamovnod iSmuSneba). me var realobis SemgZnobi nino.
Terapevti _ miTxari rogori xar?
nino _ rogori var? azriani da mxiaruli.
Terapevti _ ras niSnavs azriani?
nino _ es imas niSnavs, rom me ar miWirs realobis danaxva. ar valamazeb da vaadvileb realobas ise, rogorc
minda, rom is gamoiyenebodes.
Terapevti _ Sens winaa meocnebe, udardeli nino. mimarTe mas...
nino _ Sen xar udardeli, meocnebe nino. giyvars yvela da yvelaferi rac garSemoa.
Terapevti _ uTxari realobis Sesaxeb gulubryvilo, meocnebe ninos.
nino _ realoba ar aris iseTi, rogoric Sen warmogidgenia.
Terapevti (ninos) _ realobis xsenebaze, Sen SeiSmuSne da usiamovnod gagaJrJola. mniSvnelovania
ganicado es SegrZneba. ar gaeqce mas. darCe, aitano es realuri gancdebi. ar gaiqce im ararealur,
warmosaxul samyaroSi, romelic Sens mier aris Seqmnili. Tu Sexval im samyaroSi, Semdeg, realobis
danaxvisas daiZabebi, aReldebi, daenarcxebi. amitom axla unda gamoiCino vaJkacoba ar gaeqce
realobas, aitano da miiRo is. ar unda gaeqce diskomforts, romelic Jruantelis saxiT SeigrZnoba. am dros

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 Sen Cveulebriv icvli xolme sxeulis pozas da gaqcevas axden. axla es aRar unda gaakeTo. ganicade
realoba, aitane, Sexede TvalebSi, iseTi rogorc ar akeTebs meocnebe nino; romelic garbis warmosaxul,
iluzorul samyaroSi da es hgonia gamosavali.
nino - me var realobis damnaxavi nino. Sen realobasTan Sejaxebisas yovelTvis ukiduresobaSi vardebi...
Terapevti _ nu gadaylapav saTqmels. Jruantels, anu realobas, romelic givlis. uTxari meocnebe ninos amis
Sesaxeb. Cven xSirad swrafad vylapavT mware gemos mqones, rom gaveqceT im usiamovno
SegrZnebebs, romelic gviCndeba, magram axla nu gaakeTeb amas, aramed vaJkacurad aitane!
... dainaxe ra gaakeTe axla? Tvalebi daxuWe da skamze ukan gadaiwie, anu kvlav realobisgan gaqceva
ganaxorciele meocnebe ninosaviT, romelic an Tvalebs xuWavs da an ocnebaSi mirbis da amiT gaurbis
realobas.
nino - realoba miiRe iseTi, rogoric aris xolme, Sen ki ar ginda dainaxo. cdilob Tvali aarido da amiT ginda,
rom gamoasworo.
Terapevti _ anu, roca sakuTari Zalis ar gjera, rom SegiZlia realobis gamosworeba, maSin mimarTav
gaqcevas. axla me da jgufi Sens mxaresa varT. gamoiCine sakuTari Tavis rwmena da saWiro vaJkacoba,
rom gauZlo realobis danaxvas da amiT Secvalo kidec igi. ukuagdo samyaros `galamazebis~ taqtika.
Terapevti (auditorias) _ me axla bevri ram gavarkvie da gavige, magram minda davinaxo ra gaigo da
gaarkvia ninom? rogor Cans problema misi SegrZnebebiTa da azrovnebiT? ai es nisli unda gaifantos da
gairkves.
Terapevti (ninos) _ urCie meocnebe ninos... rom es problema moixsnas.
nino _ iswavle realobis danaxva, Tvalis gasworeba, problemis gadaWra. realurad Seafase is, rac arsebobs.
Terapevti - ratom ar akeTebs amas meocnebe nino? da rom gaakeTos ra siZneles waawydeba?
nino _ imitom ar akeTebs, rom samyaroSi, romelic idealurad Cans ufro kargad grZnobs Tavs, magram Tu ki
uars ityvis masze da dainaxavs realobas, maSin aRar eqneba imedgacruebuli grZnobebi da gancdebi.
Terapevti - aha?! warmosaxul realobas am etapze, nino jer kidev komfortulad moixseniebs. misTvis
realobidan gaqceva sisusted ar aris gagebuli da `monaTluli~, arada CvenTvis es ukve asea, magram
mniSvnelovania, Tu nino rogor ganicdis amas. fantaziaSi cxovreba sisuste da Tavis motyuebaa. fsiqotiki
Tavis samyaros qmnis da iq garbis. ninosTan mTlad ase araa, magram misi Seqmnili samyaroc lamazadaa
saxeldarqmeuli da amaSia misi satyuari.
Terapevti (ninos) _ kvlav mimarTe meocnebe ninos.
nino - Sen xar meocnebe nino... magram me momwons meocnebe nino.
Terapevti - ratom mogwons?
nino _ (ecineba masac da jgufsac). imiT, rom lamazia.
Terapevti _ magram realoba, rom Camorecxavs xolme am silamazes, rogorc holivudis ocnebebs, maSin ra
xdeba?
nino - maSin (fiqrobs) ... aRar momwons.
Terapevti _ merilin monroc bevrs iRimeboda da cdilobda ecxovra warmosaxul samyaroSi, magram bolos
Tavi moiwamla.
nino - (mimarTavs meocnebes) imisTvis, rom karg xasiaTze dadge, sruliad ar aris saWiro realobis
Selamazeba. Tu realobas iseTad dainaxav, rogoric aris, maSin ufro gagiadvildeba cxovreba.
Terapevti _ aris xidi, romelic saSualebas miscems meocnebe ninos daanaxos realoba iseTi, rogoric aris da
gadaiyvanos masSi? Tu am xidsac uCveneb, maSin meocnebe nino dageTanxmeba da Secvlis Tavis
qcevis taqtikas.
nino _ sityvebiT Tqma miWirs.

75
Terapevti _ Tu sityvebiT ver gadascem, maSin meocnebe ver gaigebs... amitom mniSvnelovania sityvebiT
amis Tqma. maSin gadavideT sxeulis enaze.
Terapevti (auditorias) _ xedavT, ra xdeba ninos xelis TiTebSi? erTi xeli Cqmets, Cqmets meore xels.
nino _ marTla? me ver vamCnev!
Terapevti _ naxe, marjvena xelis TiTebiT bwken marcxena xelis TiTebs. ras akeTeb?
nino _ ar vici...
Terapevti (iRimeba) ar mjera am sityvebis. me vici rasac akeTeb. axla mniSvnelovania Senc gaacnobiero ras
akeTeb Seni TiTebiT.
nino _ ar vici ras vakeTeb, aseTi Cveva maqvs.
Terapevti _ Sen, rogorc realobas gaurbixar, aseve sxeulis SegrZnebebsac gaurbixar. ara da, Seni sxeuli
mniSvnelovan rames gamcnobs, Tu `mousmen, gaaxmovaneb~ mas. ras akeTeb TiTebiT?
nino _ ar vici.
Terapevti _ gaagrZele rasac akeTebdi.
nino _ aRar maxsovs ras vakeTebdi.
Terapevti _ ai ras akeTeb (aCvenebs)... marjvena xelis frCxilebiT Cxvlet, tkivils ayeneb marjvena xelis
TiTebs. gaakeTe da ganicade.
nino _ ver vgrZnob tkivils.
Terapevti _ magram Tavidan Sen imasac ver acnobierebdi, rom TiTebiT raRacas akeTebdi; tkendi.
nino - ver vgrZnob tkivils.
Terapevti _ es ici ras hgavs? vinme, rom gelaparakebodes Cqmetis msgavsad. Sen ki ar uyurebde da mis
ignorirebas axdende. ai, ras akeTeb, rodesac ver grZnob frCxilis fxaWnas da Cqmetas. ar usmen Sens
sxeulis enas. is ki cdilobs, rom raRac mniSvnelovani giTxras. raRacas gTxovs, Seecade gaaxmovano.
nino - es (marjvena) ufro realobas hgavs, romelic meubneba daminaxeo.
Terapevti _ ras akeTebs meore xeli.
nino _ is ise iqceva, TiTqos ar esmis, ar unda, rom dainaxos.
Terapebvti _ TviTon SegrZnebas daakvirdi, rogoria?
nino _ cota tkivilis SegrZnebaa, gamofxizlebis.
Terapevti _ orive xeli raRacas ganicdis. amaze _ TiTebze aTasi gverdi `omi da mSvidobis~ xela
nawarmoebis dawera SeiZleba, Tu maT SeigrZob. amasTan TiToeuli adamiani individualurad,
gansxvavebulad ganicdis, aRiqvams gancdebs.
nino _ romeli TiTic Cxvlets buJdeba.
Terapevti _ is gebrZvis, unda Senamde moitanos saTqmeli. daZabulobisgan buJdeba da Sen axla es ici.,
aqamde ar icodi. Seicvale adgili da gaxdi kvlav meocnebe nino.
nino _ mesmis Seni, gavige Seni rCeva da miuxedavad imisa, rom Znel, xSirad usiamovno procesTanaa
dakavSirebuli, minda gaviTvaliswino. aqamde arc gismendi da arc mindoda momesmina, axla vxvdebi,
rom CemTvis mniSvnelovania Seni rCevebi. udaod mexmarebi. minda gamoviyeno Seni azrebi, Zala da
energia.
Terapevti _ Zalian kargi.
nino _ aRar gaviqcevi ocnebaSi. axla viReb realobas, radgan vgrZnob Sens mxardaWeras da es Tanadgoma
CemTvis mravalmxriv Zvirfasi da mniSvnelovania.
Terapevti _ madloba gadauxade mas.
nino _ madlob, awi erTad varT da viqnebiT Sen da me _ Cven, Cveni gancdebiT da azrebiT.

76
Terapevti _ (dgams or skams mityupebiT da mimarTavs ninos) axla dajeqi orive skamze erTdroulad,
romlebzec TanmimdevrobiT ijeqi da ganicade es orive nawili SenSi gaerTianebulad, axal mTlianobad.
rodesac amas ganicdi da ganaxorcieleb miTxari.
nino _ jdeba or skamze erTdroulad da koncentrirdeba Tavis gancdebze. bolos kmayofili saxiT madlobas
ixdis da dgeba.
Terapevti _ Zalian kargi, madloba ninos da jgufs procesSi CarTulobasa da empaTiisaTvis, romelsac me
intensiurad vgrZnobdi. imedia nino aq momxdars, rogorc gamocdilebas gaitans Tavis cxovrebaSi, rac
daexmareba mas im problemebis danaxvasa da gadawyvetaSi, romlebic mas Sexvdeba.
nino _ kmayofili iRimeba da Tanxmobas Tavis daqneviT adasturebs.
Terapevti (jgufs) _ Tu fsiqoTerapevti swori mimarTulebiT midis, maSin klientma ra problemisa Tu situaciis
moyolidanac ar unda daiwyos, mainc misTvis mTavar mniSvnelovan problemamde miva; rasac adgili
hqonda ninos SemTxvevaSi.
Terapevti (ninos) _ nino, rogori iyo SenTvis Terapiis procesi? axla rogor uyureb sakuTar problemas?
nino _ rTuli iyo im mxriv, rom marTlac aq da amJamad ganvicdidi imas, rac Cemi aqtualuri problemaa.
daZabuli ninos roli, CemTvis ufro rTuli iyo, vidre meocnebe ninosi. me vfiqrob mivageniT imas, rac
iwvevda yvelafers, anu problemas. sxvadasxva skamze, rom vijeqi vgrZnobdi, Tu ra Widili midioda
erTmaneTSi. axla sakmaod myarad vgrZnob kontaqts realobasTan.
Terapevti _ axla rogor ganicdi problemas? amas imitom gekiTxebi, rom fantaziaSi gaqceva, SenTvis
gaqcevad da sisusted ki ar ganixileboda, aramed komfortul sasiamovno mdgomareobad. ra Tqma unda,
garkveuli drois monakveTamde. axla rogoria problemis xedva?
nino _ realobasTan kontaqtSi var. axla es yvelaferi mkmayofilebs da msiamovnebs da yovelTvis vecdebi,
rom ar gadavvarde, ar gaviqce iluzorul optimizmSi.
Terapevti _ paradoqsia, magram xSirad optimistebi midian avadmyofobis mZime Sedegamde, xolo
pesimistebi ar avadmyofdebian. ratom? imis gamo, rom optimisti fiqrobs: ` me rac ar unda moxdes, mainc
kargad viqnebi, amitom Zalisxmevas ar mimarTavs, magaliTad ar midis kbilis eqimTan, ar mkurnalobs
kuWs, guls _ imedi aqvs, rom mainc kargad iqneba. amgvari optimizmi realobidan gaqcevaa, sisustea da
Sedegad spobs janmrTelobas. aseTi ramec xdeba, rodesac optimizmi uaryofiT Sedegebamde mimyvania.
pesimisti ki, SeSindeba ra, rom raime ar daemarTos Zalian kargad mouvlis sakuTar Tavs.
gaiTvaliswinebs da miiRebs realobas. msgavs situaciasTan gvqonda saqme ninos SemTxvevaSi da
mniSvnelovania misi gaTvaliswineba.
Zalian kargi, madloba ninos da jgufs, romelmac Rrma empaTia da mxardaWera gamoavlina Terapiis
procesSi. ninos janmrTelobas, bednierebas da warmatebas vusurveb cxo vrebaSi. madlobT.

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