PULMONARY

TUBERCULOSIS
GROUP CASE STUDY

2023 SEPTEMBER 4
Introduction
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious and potentially serious bacterial infection
that primarily affects the lungs. It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It
can also affect other parts of the body, such as the brain, kidneys, and spine, but pulmonary
TB is the most common form and is responsible for the majority of TB-related illnesses.
TB is a contagious disease that can spread from person to person through the air when
an infected individual coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings, releasing tiny droplets containing
the bacteria into the air. TB is preventable and treatable, and not everyone infected with TB
bacteria becomes sick. Two TB-related conditions exist: latent TB infection (LTBI) and TB
disease. If not treated properly, TB disease can be fatal.

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PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Symptoms of TB disease depend on where in the body the TB bacteria are growing. TB
bacteria usually grow in the lungs (pulmonary TB). TB disease in the lungs may cause
symptoms such as

Persistent cough (lasting more Reduced physical activity

than 3 weeks) General Malaise
·Hemoptysis (coughing up blood) Swollen Lymph Nodes
·Chest pain
·Weakness or fatigue
·Weight loss
·Loss of appetite
·Fever and night sweats
·Shortness of breath

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If TB has spread to another part of your body such as your glands (lymph nodes), bones
or brain, may have also other symptoms, including:

body aches and pains

swollen joints or ankles
tummy or pelvic pain
constipation
dark or cloudy pee
a headache
being sick
feeling confused
a stiff neck
a rash on the legs, face or other part of the body

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TREATMENT
Tuberculosis can be treated in several ways depending on what type of TB the person has
acquired.

For people infected with latent TB, they can get preventive therapy. The most common
preventive therapy is a daily dose of the antibiotic isoniazid (INH) taken as a single daily pill for six
to nine months
If infected with active TB disease, you will probably be treated with a combination of
antibacterial medications for a period of six to 12 months. The most common treatment for active
TB is isoniazid INH in combination with three other drugs—rifampin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol.
.

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TREATMENT

WHAT IS BACILLE CALMETTE–GUÈRIN (BCG) VACCINE?

BCG is a vaccine against TB that is given in countries where TB is common.

It can help prevent infants and small children from getting sick with TB disease.
At best BCG protects children for up to 5 years.
Sometimes it does not protect against TB at all.

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NURSING CARE
Conduct a complete health history; past and present of the patient and the family as well
Conduct a physical examination
Monitor vital signs regularly, especially temperature and respiratory rate
Monitor oxygen saturation levels if necessary.
Monitor cough frequency, sputum production, and any changes in color or consistency.
Educate the patient about proper respiratory hygiene, including covering the mouth and nose
when coughing or sneezing.
Position the patient for optimal lung expansion to facilitate breathing.
Administer medications as prescribed and ensure the patient understands the importance of
adhering to the treatment regimen.
Educate the patient about TB transmission, treatment, and the importance of completing the
full course of antibiotics.
Promote airway clearance
Adhere to treatment regimen
Promote activity and adequate nutrition
Prevent spread of tuberculosis infection 7
Thank you
for listening!
PRESENTED BY:

CARYLL NIÑAL VALERIE SUAREZ JULIE VALIAO SANDARA PITAO