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Opportunistic Mycosis
Opportunistic Mycosis
Candidiasis
Asperigilosis
Zygomycosis
Cryptococosis
Pneumocystis carni
Introduction
Invasive:
Candidemia: initial stage can be transient if phagocytic
system is intact.
Disseminated or hematogenous candidiasis if phagocytic
system is compromised.
Multi organs can be involved with infection: kidney,
prosthetic heart valves, brain, eye, meninges.
Mortality: 30-40%
Predisposing factors
Diabetes
Immunosupperession
T-cell immunodeficiency disorders
Acquired- immunodeficiency syndrome, (AIDS)
Leukaemias, Lymphomas
Steroid treatments
Broad spectrum antibiotics
Laboratory diagnosis
a) KOH
Exposed lesions can usually be easily diagnosed by
clinical appearance together with finding typical budding
yeast cells and pseudohyphae and /or true hyphea in lesion
scrapings treated with KOH.
b) Gram- stain
Gram stain smears shows large gram positive budding yeast cells
with pseudohyphea.
c) Germ tube test
Quality control
C. albicans: positive control; produces germ tube
within 2 hours
Toxin production
e.g. aflatoxin of Aspergillus flavus is
carcinogenic; cause liver cancer and necrosis. Can be
found in spoiled legumes.
Predisposing factors
Zygomycetes
Aspergillus species
Rhizopus sp. showing sporangium and rhizoids.
4. Cryptococcosis
Definition :
The causative organism is cryptoceccus
neoformas Cryptococcosis occurs in sporadic
form and as an opportunistic infection
associated with immunosupperession.
The organism is found in soil contaminated with
bird excreta particularly pigeons.
Infection occurs by inhalation that results in
lung infection (Cryptococcus pneumonia).
The infection spreads to the central nervous
system and meninges (cryptococcus meningitis).
Transmission of cryptococcosis
Direct examination
The capsulated yeast cells are best seen in an India ink
preparation (wet mount)
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