GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM

REVIEWER

INTERNATIONALIZATION
means to produce goods or deliver services that have the
capability of entering into the international markets and have the standards that
are globally accepted. Internationalization means to expand the business and enter
into the market of different countries.

: It is the process in which business, firm or an individual expands and becomes part
of the other countries, it may be for goods supply, customer base or such other
demand fulfillment.

TYPES OF INTERNATIONALISM

 Hegemonic – the theory that the world is being integrated based on unequal
terms,
with the dominance if one nation or nation-state over the others, e.g. China’s
control over Tibet

 Liberal – an approach based on the belief that, through greater interaction and
cooperation, nations and nation-states can achieve common goals, especially
peace and prosperity e.g. the UN

 Revolutionary – a belief that conflicts within societies are determined by

international factors and alliances e.g. Egypt

GLOBALISM
An ideology based on the belief that people, goods and information ought to be able
to cross national borders unfettered.

 A socio-economic system dedicated to free trade and free access to markets.

 Globalization refers to global economic integration of many formerly national

economies into one global economy, mainly by free trade and free capital mobility,
but also by easy or uncontrolled migration. It is the effective erasure of national
boundaries for economic purposes. International trade (governed by comparative
advantage) becomes interregional trade (governed by absolute advantage).
 ATTRIBUTES OF TODAY’S GLOBAL SYSTEM
1.countries or states are independent and govern themselves;
2.these countries interact with each other through diplomacy;
3.international organizations facilitate these interactions (i.e. UN); and
4.international organizations also take on lives of their own.

NATION/STATE:
relatively modern phenomenon in the human history whereby it composed
of two non-interchangeable terms: nation and state.

a. Nation - according to Benedict Anderson, is an “imagined community” and

does not go beyond a given “official boundary”. It is inherently limited and sovereign. It
has boundaries, meaning not anyone can be a Filipino. - this refers to large group of
people who share common characteristics such as language, traditions and ethnicity.

b. State - in layman’s terms, refers to a country and its government. - a

community of persons more or less numerous occupying a definite territory completely
free of external control and possessing an organized government to which the great
body of inhabitants render habitual obedience.

INTERSTATE SYSTEM–a system of competing and allying states.

PRINCIPLES OF INTERSTATE SYSTEM

1. NATIONALISM–a doctrine and/or a political movement that seeks to make the nation
the basis of a political structure especially a state. It is a sense of national
consciousness that generally exalts one’s own nation above others, and focuses on the
promotion of interests.

2. INTERNATIONALISM- desire for greater cooperation and unity among states and
people. In a more comprehensive definition, it is a political principle that places the
interests of the entire world above those of individual nations and argues for
cooperation among nations for common good. This can be divided into two broad
categories: liberal internationalism and socialist internationalism.

a. LIBERAL INTERNATIONALISM: is a set of related concepts on how to best

organize international relations between states and non-state actors that emphasizes a
belief in international progress, interdependence, cooperation, diplomacy,
multilateralism, and support for international political structures and organizations. Let's
take a closer look at some of these basic principles.
: The theory assumes that we can move past the violence and anarchy of the
international system through cooperation. Liberal internationalists believe that
humans by nature are good, or at least, not naturally aggressive. They also have
faith in the good that both domestic and international organizations and institutions
can do.

b. SOCIALIST INTERNATIONALISM: It is possible to build a better world based

upon the twin goals of equality and social justice.

: Nations should work together to create a more peaceful world and finally bring
an end to capitalist exploitation. As with other ideologies along the left of the
political spectrum, socialist internationalists argue that there is a shared common
interest amongst the working-class. Our identity is determined by economic forces
rather than artificially-imposed national boundaries.

THE HISTORY OF UNITED NATIONS

United States Pres. Franklin Roosevelt coined the name United Nations that was used
in the Declarations of the UN of January 1, 1942. Only 26 nations representatives
pledge their governments to:

• Each government pledges itself to employ its full resources, military or economic,
against those members of the Tripartite Pact and its adherents with which such
government is at war.
• Each government pledges itself to cooperate with the government's signatory
hereto and not to make a separate armistice or peace with the enemies.

: Also, the UN means Allies to fight against the Axis Powers in the Second World War II.
The UN officially comes to existence 50 countries representatives met and held the UN
Conference on International Organization to officially make the UN Charter.

REGIONAL COMMISSIONS
Group of officials in different countries that instruct, debate and in charged in making a
certain law, rights etc. to develop the economy and social. E.g. Human Rights, Science
and Technology.

• ECA – Economic Commission for Africa

• ECE – Economic Commission for Europe
• ECLAC – Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
• ESCAP – Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
• ESCWA – Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
 INSTITUTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH WORLD TRADE

• World Bank – the international financial institution that provides loans to countries
of the world for capital projects. It was established by the UN Monetary and Financial
Conference or the Bretton Woods Conference.

World Bank Group:

• International Bank Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)

Offers loans to middle-income countries to develop and improve their economy

• International Development Association (IDA)

Provide loans and grants programs that boost economic growth, reduce inequalities
and improve people’s living conditions

• International Finance Corporation (IFC)

Providing loans for private sectors in developing countries to create markets that
open up opportunities for all

• Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)

Promote foreign direct investment (FDI) into developing countries to help support
economic growth, reduce poverty, and improve people’s lives

• International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)

Administered the majority of international investment cases
It is the forum for investor in most of international investment treaties and in
numerous investment laws and contracts

• International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Ensure the stability of the International monetary system. It does so in three ways:
keeping track of the global economy and the economic member countries; lending
to countries with balance of payments difficulties; and giving practical help to
members.

• World Trade Organizations (WTO)

Regulates international trade
Deals with the rule of trade between nations
Ensures trade will flows smoothly, predictably and as freely as possible
Acts as forum in negotiation trade agreements
• Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
Consist of 35 members countries, Stimulate economic progress and world trade
Providing platform to compare policy experiences, seeking answers to common
problems, identify good practices and coordinate domestic and international
policies of its members.

SPECIALIZED AGENCIES

• International Labor Organizations

A UN agency dealing with labor problems, particularly international labor standards,
social protection, and work opportunities for all

• Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)

✓ It leads international efforts to defeat hunger
✓ Help eliminate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition
✓ Reduce rural poverty
✓ Make agriculture, forestry and fisheries more productive and sustainable
✓ Enable inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems
✓ Increase the resilience of livelihoods to threats and crises

• UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organizations (UNESCO)

Contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through
educational, scientific, and cultural reforms in order to increase universal respect
for justice, the rule of law, and human rights along with fundamental freedom.
Contribute to build peace

• World Health Organization (WHO)

✓ Concern about public health
✓ Prime concern is to eradicate and combat dangerous diseases like AIDS/HIVS
✓ Make researches in medicines and vaccines to eliminate diseases, and development
of nutritious foods
✓ Responsible for World Health Report and Survey
Other Specialized International Institutions

• International Civil Aviation Organizations (ICAO)

Foster the planning and development of international air transport so as to ensure
the safe and orderly growth of international civil aviation throughout the world
• International Maritime Organizations (IMO)
Responsible for the safety and security of shipping in the sea and the prevention of
marine pollution by ships

• International Telecommunications Union (ITU)

Connecting all the world’s people
• Allocate global radio spectrum and satellite orbits, develop the
technical standards that ensure networks and technologies seamlessly inte

• Postal Union (UPU)

Ensure a truly universal network of up-to-date products and services
Sets the rules for international mail exchanges and makes recommendations to
stimulate growth in mail, parcel and financial services volumes and improve quality
of service for customers.

• World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

Agency of UN for a meteorology (weather and climate), operational hydrology and
related geophysical sciences, the UN system’s authoritative voice on the state and
behavior of the earth’s atmosphere, its interaction with the oceans, the climate it
produces and the resulting distribution of water resources.

• World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary
and artistic works; designs; and symbols, na,names, and images used in commerce
e.g. patents, copyright and trademarks
Lead the development of a balanced and effective international IP system that
enables innovation and creativity for the benefit of all.

• International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

Invest in rural people, empowering them to increase their food security, improve
the nutrition of their families and increase their incomes. Building resilience, expand
their businesses and take charge of their own development.

• UN Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

The specialized agency of the UN that promotes industrial development for poverty
reduction, inclusive globalization and environmental sustainability

• World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)

Responsible for the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible
tourism