FAYE GLENN ABDELLAH (MARCH 13, 1919- PRESENT)

BIOGRAPHY

- Born in March 13, 1919 in New York City.

- 1942, finished her basic nursing education at Fitkin Memorial Hospital School of Nursing as Magna Cum
Laude.
- 1945, obtained her Bachelor's degree.
- 1947, obtained her Master Art's in Nursing.
- 1955, her Doctor of Education at the Teacher's College at Columbia University.
- First woman nurse to serve as Deputy Surgeon General of the US.
- 2000, inducted into the US National Women's Hall of Fame.
- Fellow, American Academy of Nursing.
- Formulated the "The 21 Nursing Problem Model"
o described the "areas of nursing"
o distinguished nursing from practice of medicine
o focus of the theory is patient-centered approach and beyond

"I never wanted to be a medical doctor because I could do all I wanted to do in nursing, which is a caring
profession."

NURSING METAPARADIGM

 PERSON - Defined ad beneficiary of care.

- Viewed as a holistic being composed of physical, psychological, sociological and spiritual
concepts
 HEALTH - Center and purpose of nursing services.
- Is affected by age, culture, intellectual capacities and emotional balance.
 ENVIRONMENT - Affects/involves in achieving optimal health levels.
- The home or community from which patients comes.
 NURSING - An all-inclusive service based on the disciplines of art and science that serves
individuals to make their function as a whole of independent.
- Broadly grouped into the 21 problem areas to guide care and promote use of nursing
judgement.
- A helping profession.
-

TWENTY-ONE (21) NURSING PROBLEMS

  "Patient-Centered Approaches to Nursing Model"
 Abdellah and colleagues developed a list of 21 nursing problems. It has 3 chief concepts.
 Utilizing these 3 concepts, her theory proposes that:
 "The utilization of the problem-solving techniques with chief nursing problems related to the health
requirements of clients."

HEALTH NURSING PROBLEM

PROBLEMS SOLVING

 It is a model describing the "arenas" of concerns of nursing, rather than a theory describing relationships
among phenomena. In this way, the theory distinguished the practice of nursing with focus on the 21
nursing problems, from the practice of medicine, with focus on disease and cure.

THREE MAJOR CATEGORIES:

a. Physical sociological and emotional needs of clients

b. Types of interpersonal relationships between the nurse and patient.
c. Common elements of client care.

TYPOLOGY OF 21 NURSING PROBLEMS

1. To maintain good hygiene and physical comfort.

2. To promote optimal activity: exercise, rest, sleep.
3. To promote safety through prevention of accident, injury, or other trauma and through prevention of the
spread of infection.
4. To maintain good body mechanics and prevent and correct deformity.
5. To facilitate the maintenance of a supply of oxygen to all body cells.
6. To facilitate the maintenance of nutrition for all body cells.
7. To facilitate the maintenance of elimination
8. To facilitate the maintenance of fluid and electrocyte balance.
9. To recognize the physiologic responses of the body to disease conditions-pathologic, physiologic, and
compensatory.
10. To facilitate the maintenance of regulatory mechanisms and functions.
11. To facilitate the maintenance of sensory function.
12. To identify and accept positive and negative expressions, feelings, and reactions.
13. To identify and accept interrelatedness of emotions and organic illness.
14. To facilitate the maintenance of effective verbal and nonverbal communication.
15. To promote the development of productive interpersonal relationships.
 16. To facilitate progress toward achievement and personal spiritual goals.
17. To create or maintain a therapeutic environment.
18. To facilitate awareness of self an individual with varying physical, emotional, and developmental needs.
19. To accept the optimum possible goals in the light of limitations, physical and emotional.
20. To use community resources as an aid in resolving problems that arise from illness.
21. To understand the role of social problems as influencing factors in the cause of illness.

TEN (10) STEPS TO IDENTIFY CLIENT'S PROBLEMS

1. Learn to know the patient.

2. Sort out relevant and significant data.
3. Make generalizations about available data in relation to similar nursing problems presented by other
patients.
4. Identify the therapeutic plan.
5. Test generalizations with the patient and make additional generalizations.
6. Validate the patient's conclusions about his nursing problems.
7. Continue to observe and evaluate the patient over a period of time to identify any attitude and clues from
affecting his behavior.
8. Explore the patient's and family's reaction to the therapeutic plan and involve them in the plan.
9. Identify how the nurse feels about the patient's nursing problems.
10. Discuss and develop a comprehensive nursing care plan.

ELEVEN (11) NURSING SKILLS

1. Observation of health status

2. Communication skills
3. Application of knowledge
4. Teaching of patients and families
5. Plan and organizes work
6. Use of resource materials
7. Use of personal resources
8. Problem-solving
9. Directs work of others
10. Therapeutic use of self
11. Nursing procedures

NURSING PROBLEM
 A condition faced by the patient or patient's family that the nurse through the performance of professional
functions can assist them to meet.
  It could be OVERT or COVERT.
 OVERT - obvious or can be seen condition
 COVERT - unseen or masked one
 Identifying and answering overt and covert nursing problems is the core of Nursing.

PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESSES

1. Identifying the problem
2. Selecting relevant data
3. Devising hypothesis
4. Testing hypothesis through assortment of data
5. Revising hypothesis when necessary

"Nursing is both an art and a science that molds the attitude, intellectual competencies and technical skills
of the individual nurse into the desire and ability to help people cope with their health needs, whether they are ill or
well."

-FAYE G. ABDELLAH