STUDY ASCP
Soluable Antigen + Specific Antibody= what reaction -
Precipitation
Bone marrow stain - Romansky and Prussian Blue
Rise in titers - Significant in serological testing
Secondary Response - IgG
Most common coag inhibitor - Lupus inhibitor
3' end - OH
Haptens are only antigenic when coupled with -
Proteins
5' end - Phosphate
RA - IgE
Most pathogens enter through - Mucous membranes
Increased Megakaryocytes in bone marrow decreased
platelets - Folic Acid Def
Autoimmune disease mechanism - Circulating immune
complexes
Cells Positive acid phosphatase, not inhibited with
tartate - Hairy Cell Leukemia
Most common SLE - nuclear antigen
Light Chains - Kappa/Lamda
Mononucleosis - False positive RPR
Negative Glucose oxidase and positive reducing sugars -
Non-glucose reducing sugars such as galactose
Hep B vaccine - Passive Immunity
Titer - Recipricol of maximum reactive dilution
Decreased complement - In lupus
Clinical signs of HIV but AB test are negative - Window
phase before AB production
Lymphokine - Soluable mediator produced by
lymphocytes
Increased protein in urine - renal disease
Bethseda Assay - Used to quantify coagulation inhibitor
Platelet neutralization - Used to see if a patient has a
lupus anticoagulant.
ITP - Ages 2-4
Spherocytes - Membrane defect, Increased destruction
of RBCs, caused by intracorpuscular abnormality
Ependymal clump -
MCH range - 27-33
MCHC - 33-36%
Manual Platelet count Microscope - Phase contrase
A.A decreased in patients with sickle cell - L-glutamine
Chediak Higashi Syndrome - Albino, Photophobia,
pyonic infections, giant dark granules in neutrophils and
monocytes
Aspirin - Not likely to cause an abnormal thrombin time
RBCs are usually smaller - than the nucleus of a
lymphocyte
-a/aa - silent carrier
CD20 - B cell marker
Platelets - do not circulate in inactive form, Spiny sticky
form become activated in response to blood vessel
damage
Hemoglobin Chromosome 16 - Alpha zeta
Hemoglobin Chromosome 11 - beta, delta, episilon and
gamma
Megaloblastic anemia - Oval microcytes and
Hypersegmented neutrophils
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Doesn't soley develop in the bone marrow -
Lymphocytes
Transferrin Saturation - (serum Iron/TIBC)X100
Beta Thalasemia minor - B+/B, B0/B
Howell-Jolly bodies are composed of - DNA
CLL CD - CD19, CD20, CD23, co-expression of CD5
ADAMTS13 enzyme - Cleaving ultalarge molecules of
von willebrand factor to keep them out of circulation
Least likely to stimulate production of reactive
lymphocytes - HIV
Why ferritin is less than optimal for HH - It is an acute
phase reactant that is elevated in a variety of clinical
conditions
Barr Bodies - Normal in Females not in males
Hexose monophosphate shunt - Provide Reduced
glutathione to prevent oxidation of hemoglobin
CML Vs Leukmoid Reaction - LAP stain
Aquired Hemophilia A - Anti-Factor VIII inhibitor
HbS Protection against Sickling - HbF
Absolute Cell count - Total count X % of cells counted
Early abnormality in lymph node of AIDS patient -
Reactive Lymphadenopathy
Clinical symptom thrombocytopenia - Petechiae
Lymphocyte - Pale-Blue Cytoplasm, Nucleus oval or
round
Monocyte - Blue-Gray opaque cytoplasm, Nucleus
convolutions
Newborns will develop 30% of what HB in HbH - Bart
Abnormal Granulation - Alder anomaly & Chediak-
Higashi
Hemoglobinopathies can not be caused by - The
deletion of a global chain
Hemolytic anemia - Not where basophilic stippling is
found
Alpha Thalassemia - Decrease in the rate of production
of Alpha chains due to partial or total deletion of the
genetic code
Which is NOT associated with Macrocytosis -
Thalassemia
Warfarin inhibits vitamin K dependent factors - 2,7,9,10
Flow cytometry is NOT a useful tool in - Hepatitis
Clot would have most of an effect on - Platelets
B0/B+ - Intermedia/Major
B thal major - Cooleys anemia
% of US individuals heterozygous for HFE - 10-12%
HBS - Glutamic Acid substituted for Valine
Peroxidase stain is useful in differentiating -
Lymphocytic and granulocytic cells
HgH are tetramers of which globin chain - Beta
LAP stain used to determine - Leukmoid reaction from
CML
Alpha hemoglobin chain coding - 4 gene loci Each on
chromosome 16
Myeloblast -
Indwelling catheter contaminated by heparin -
Prolonged PTT and normal reptilase time
Not associated with Hereditary Spherocytosis -
Intravascular Hemolysis
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Most side scatter - Granulocytes
Lupus Inhibitor confirmation - Russell Viper Venom
C3 - found in both classical and alternative pathways
Fc region of Antibody - Responsible for activating
complement
Bone Marrow Collection - Posterior iliac crest
Avidity - Overall Strength, Multivalent Antibody
Not considered necessary for making a diagnosis of
Hereditary Hemochromtosis - Family history
Which hemoglobin is known to migrate with HbS during
electrophoresis when an alkaline gel like cellulose is
used - D
Barr Bodies are classified as - non-pathological
RT-PCR - Measures at Exponential Stage, All cycles
including detection can be completed in the same time
Standard PCR - Measures PCR at Plateau stage,
Followed by electrophoresis
Characteristic of a Patient with Von Willebrand disease -
Abnormal Platelet aggregation with response to
ristocetin
May increase ESR except - blood drawn into a sodium
citrate anticoagulant
Adequacy of fibrinogen in heparinized patients -
Reptilase time
Immune Positive TB test - T cells and Macrophages
Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia Increased - IgM
Contact dermatitis is mediated by - T lymphocytes
Heinz Bodies - Supravital stain
Prozone - High Titer of Antibody
A Thalaseemia slight decrease in MCV MCHC - Minor
Hemocytometer - generally not used with synovial
crystal counts
Primary hemostasis resulting from vascular damage
includes all of the following except - Vasodilation
Increases HbS Polymerization - Acid pH, Increase 2'3
BPG
Monospot - Horse RBCs
Pappenheimer bodies - Splenectomy
Macrophage cytokine - Interferon Gamma
Purpose of full pre-transfusion crossmatch - Detect AB
in recipient serum plasma that react with donor red
cells
Essential Thrombocythemia - Increased in number of
platelets and functionally abnormal
End point initial iron depletion phase HH - Serum
ferritin decreases 20-50mg
Granulocyte concentration storage - 20-24 degrees
celcius for <24 hours
Yellow color found in CSF - Xanthochromia
Sicke cells - return to normal shape when deoxygenated
Normal platelet count - VWD
CML - Low LAP Score (11)
CMV seronegative RBC use for exchange transfusion -
Leukoreduced RBC
Irradiation is used for - Graft Vs Host disease
DAT is indicated in all of the following EXCEPT -
Detection of alloantibodies in serum
Group A - N-acetylgalactosamine
Blood Transfusion samples - 7 days
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Not expected with HH - Elevated hemoglobin and HCT
Reconstituted Deglycerolized RBCs good for - 14 days
Directed blood donations - are perceived safer but not
safer
All T lymphocytes are positive for - CD3
Antibodies Enhanced agglutination with proteolytic
enzymes - anti-Jka,Jkb,C, E
Reticulocyte count is used to assess - RBC production by
bone marrow
Myleodysplastic syndromes - Qualitative disorder of
erythroid, myeloid and megakaryoid
Lipemia effects - MCHC
Normal M:E ratio in bone marrow - 2:1-4:1
Absence of what clotting factor causes no bleeding
tendancy - Hageman
B cells - CD19/CD20
Closely related to ABO antigens on the red cell
membrane - I,i
Blood donation interval - 56 days (8 weeks)
Bite Cells - G6PD deficiency
Rh immune globulin therapy provides - Passive
protection
A2 cells - have more H antigen than A1
Red cell survival is measured by - Cr51
If transfused patient can not donate for - 1 year
Drabkin solution - Cyanmethhemoglobin
LeA antibodes are - IgM
8 Hydroxyquinoline and orthodo-cresolphthalein
complex (CPC) - Calcium
Bicarb - Most carbon dioxide in the blood is in the form
Parvovirus B19 - Causes infection in patient with sickle
cell disease
Cells are gated by - placing a gate around cell
populations with the same light scatter
Glucuronic Acid - is conjugated with indirect bilirubin to
form direct bilirubin
Fibrinogen - would be seen if plasma rather than serum
was subjected to electrophoresis
FSH - is produced by the pituitary
All of the following are characteristic of the role of CRP
EXCEPT - Binds to factor H to initiate the alternate
complement pathway
Polyacrylamide gels - have the greatest resolution or
separation of solutes
Increased AFP is associated with - Hepatocellular
carcinoma
Estrogen and Progesterone - Are used for Breast cancer
CA125 - Ovarian Cancer
Serum Barbituate Confirmation - Gas-Liquid
chromatography, Mass Spec
17-ketosteroids - Testes and adrenal cortex
Platelets not take from apheresis - must be processed
within 8 hours
Distinguish between bacterial infection and CGL - LAP
Source of irradiation of blood products - Cs137
Dietary iron and iron absorption - Only a small
percentage of diet iron is absorbed and used
Follow up testing for speckled ANA pattern - ENA
DNA Isolation - Salts
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Anti-HBc IgM - Acute Infection
Which of the following blood types would not react
with Anti-Fy3 - Fy(a-b-)
Hydroxyurea - Induces increased production of HbF
Alpha thalassemia major - incompatible with life
Ketone reaction measured by nitroprusside -
Acetoacetic Acid
Wash Cord blood - To remove whartons jelly
Marked rise in ALP, conjugated bilirubin and slight rise
in ALT - Post hepatic cholestasis
Prozone described by all the following EXCEPT - Results
in a false positive reaction
Doppler sonography is - preferred choice of monitoring
HDFN
Acetest can be used for ketones in - Whole blood,
Urine, Serum
CK-MB - Used to detect Reinfarction
X-linked agammaglobinulemia - Flat gamma SPEP
Type 1 diabetes increased - Ketone bodies and blood
glucose
L/S - Respiratory distress syndrome
Most likely to interact with arterial walls, leading to
deposition of cholesterol and initiating or worsening
artherosclorsis - Small dense LDL
TIBC is a direct measurement of - Transferrin
Falsely elevated on non-fasting specimen - Triglycerides
CRP - Low specificity
Increase LDL - Heart Disease
Decreased Haptoglobin - Intravascular hemolysis
All of the following are true regarding CK-MB (CK-2)
except - Ck-MB levels are normal during cardiac
ischemia
Most common reaction with bilirubin are based on the
reaction of bilirubin with - Diazo Reagent
Drugs take - 5-7 half lifes to reach steady state
Chylomicrons are primarily composed of - Triglycerides
Cushing - High serum cortisol, moon face
Characteristic of someone with beta thalassemia
intermedia - Some splenomegaly
Bioavailability - Fraction of drug that is absorbed into
systemic circulation
BHU accumulation of - Acetyl CoA
Common characteristic of hereditary spherocytosis,
eliptocytosis, stomatocytosis, Paroxysmal nocturnal
hemoglobinuria - Red membrane defects
Which Adipocyte products is an important messenger in
metabolism signaling the hypothalamus that there are
changes in fat stores - Leptin
If CSF tubes can not be analyzed within 1 hour the
microbiology #3 tube should be - Left at room
temperature
Elevation in conjugated bilirubin is most likely found in -
Biliary obstruction
Primary Hypothyroidism, Hashimotos thyroiditis -
Decreased T4, Increased TSH, Increased TRH stimulation
Increased blood ammonia levels - End stage cirrhosis
VLDL - Endogenous Triglycerides
Hormonal variation during the menstrual cycle typically
shows - An abrupt rise in LH 3-36 hours prior to
ovulation
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Isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase - Kidney, bone,
intestines and liver
Angiotension 2 - Increased vasoconstriction
Primary Hyperparathyroidism - Elevated calcium,
Decreased Phosphorus
False statements about lead - Serum lead level is a good
inexpensive screening test for lead toxicity
Deficient secretion of bilirubin into the bile canaliculi -
Dublin-Johnson syndrome
Risk marker with both negative and positive
cardiovascular risk integrated into its measurement -
Apo B-100/Apo A-1
True statement concerning Alkaline Phosphatase -
Increased in obstructive jaundice
Electrophoretic separation of LD that shows LD-1
greater than LD-2 could be indicative of - Hemolysis
TSH - decreased in hyperthyroidism
Elevated in breast cancer - CA 15-3 CA-549
Contributes to specific gravity but not osmolarity -
Protein
Why small dense LDL molecules are artherogenic - have
greater mobility in the endothelium and arterial wall
Which of the following non-HbS hemoglobins can also
sickle and show a positive solubility test - HbC harlem
INCREASED serum Phosphorus/Decreased Calcium -
Hyperparathyroidism
Gel electrophoresis with HbS - HbS migrates with HbD in
alkaline and alone in acid electrophoresis
Serum ALP activity is derived from all of the following
organs except - Brain
Myocardial infarction which of the following enzymes
will be the first to become elevated - CK
Cause of metabolic alkalosis - Excessive vomiting
Neutral 17-ketosteroids - Androgen production
Ovarian cancer - CA125
Acute Phase Proteins - Glycoproteins
pH - glass electrode
Which test has been recommended by the FDA to
replace the HIV-1 p24 antigen test in screening of blood
for infectious diseases - HIV-1-NAT
Homozygous cells are used because - Stronger reactions
are seen with homozygous cells
How many IU are in 300ug of RHig - 1500
Passive Anti-D Less than or equal to - 2+
Explanation for negative Anti-A, Anti-B, A1, B cells on
baby - The babys antibodies are underdeveloped
Most common type of autoimmune hemolytic anemia -
Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria - will not be
present in extravascular hemolysis
Autologous blood must be tested for which of the
following before transfusion - ABO, RH
Proteolytic enzymes are useful in - Kidd system
A1 subgroup represents - 75-80% of type A
Unexpected positive reactions encountered during
forward ABO typing may be due to - Acquired B antigen
due to intestinal cancer
Antibodies enhanced by enzymes - Rh, Lewis, Kidd
Most common antibody in HDFN - Anti-D
Kle B - Is used to quantitate FMH but has poor
reproducibility
Most common Rh0 D negative genotype - rr
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RH,Lewis, Kidd - Enhanced by enzymes
All of the following are benefits of autologous donation
EXCEPT - Are on hand in case of an unexpected
emergency
What can be shipped with FFP - frozen RBCs and cryo
Most commonly associated with febrile non-hemolytic
transfusion reactions - Immune response to leukocytes
Lookback - Procedure by transfusion service when
notification is received that a donor unit service now
test positive for an infectious disease
RBCs split using open system, must be used within - 24
hours
Which is not a major Rh antigen - d
HDFN due to Anti-D would be rarest in - Asians
A2B patients have - Serum containing Anti-A1 and Red
cells that react with Anti-A and Anti-B
Autologous donation time frame between donation of
surgery is - 72 hours
Shelf life of CPDA-1 is - 35 days
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae - Anti-I
If forward and reverse ABO are negative - Incubate at
room temperature or 4C to enhance weak expression
Routine titration for pregnant female given rhogam and
has Anti-Dat delivery - F (not considered good practice)
Hemolysis in post transfusion blood sample indicates -
ABO incompatibility
Why do few patients transfused with uncrossmatched
red cells experience hemolytic transfusion reaction -
The incidence of red blood cell antibodies is low
Most definite indication a patient has been sensitized to
an antigen - Positive post transfusion DAT, with
previously negative DAT
What should be done first if a donor unit is
incompatible at the antiglobulin phase with several
different recipients - Perform a DAT on the donor unit
How many vials of Rhig need to be added after dosing -
1
Antibodies to what cause febrile transfusion reactions -
Granulocytes
RBCs during shipping - 1-10
RF - IgM
Patient presents with strep throat beta hemolytic
catalase neg - Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
Mild allergic reactions during transfusions whats the
cause - Plasma proteins
Antimitochondrial abs - Biliary cirrhosis
Rheumatic fever - anti myocardial abs
Spinal fluid newborn, small grayish translucent beta
hemolytic, small gram positive rods like dips - Listeria
monocytogenes
Lower reference limit for progressive motility of sperm -
32%
TSH High, Low T4, T3 - Thyroid established as cause of
hypothyroidism
Chain responsible for differences among
immunoglobulin chains is - Heavy Chains
Following LEAST useful in differentiating hemophilia A
from hemophilia B - aPTT
Not associated with delayed hemolytic transfusion
reaction - Unexplained Bleeding from surgical site
Bence jones is seen in all of the following except -
Nephrotic syndrome
All of the following would be associated an increased
level of AFP except - Prostate cancer
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Salts - Pull DNA from the sample
thin-walled, two or 3 celled macroconidia, no
microconidia - Epidermophyton
Nephelometry Vs Turbidity - Nephelometry directly
measures the amount of light scatter by particles in
solution, and turbidity measures the decrease in
incident light intensity
KB test - difference between maternal and fetal red
cells
Lower threshold for pH of semen in males - 7.2
Jendrassik-Grof unconjugated bill with diazo reagent -
Caffeine benzoate
Benefit most from washed red cells - IgA def with anti-
IgA
Marked elevation 5-HIAA - Carcinoid tumor
Genes that initiate synthesis of DNA, promote cell
division and inhibit cell death - porto-oncogenes
Cause a donor to be deferred - diastolic pressure of
110mmHg
Enterobacteriaceae that produces Dihydrogen sulfide -
Salmonella
Platelets surrounding neutrophils on differential and
low platelet count - Recollect not using EDTA
Exudate - Leukocyte count greater than 1000WBC/ul
B and T lymphs are derived from - Hematopoietic stem
cells
Histoplasmosis -
Platelet storage - 6.2
CD5 - Mature T Cells
Red cells positive DAT, Removal of AB from cells - AOA,
Ficin, ZZAP, Chloroquine diphosphate
Staph epidermiditis - not associated with culture
negative endocarditis
alpha thalasemmia minor - -a/-a
Antigens closely related to ABO antigens on red cell
membrane - I,i
Genotype screening in pharmacogenomics - genotyping
does not take into account drug interactions which can
affect metabolism
Antigens well developed on fetal cells - Kell
Automated chloride level reading - Amperiometric-
coulometric titration
Sim tube, listeria monocytogenes, umbrella motility - 25
degrees
Protein S - not an acute phase protein
Positive Bile solubility test - S. pneumoniae
Least likely associated with thrombotic tendency - APTT
Hemo A, B, VWD make up - 90% of hereditary diseases
False troponin - Rises sooner after MI than CK-MB
Pluripotent stem cells give rise to - Lymphoid and
myeloid stem cells
apolipoproteins - are essential for lipid metabolism
Good test for screening HH - Transferrin Saturation
Diluted reagent would result in what kind of error? -
Systematic
Dohle bodies - Sepsis
Patient suffering from Celiac disease and Crohns disease
is given a new oral medication that has a narrow
therapeutic window. Which is true? - TDM would be
helpful to see how much has been absorbed
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Which of the following is not true about hybridization in
PCR procedures - Hybridization cannot happen between
a strand of DNA and a strand of RNA
Best way to thaw FFP - is placing it in a 37 degree or
lower bath
Sheep blood agar contain an inhibitor to which of the
following organisms - Haemophilus
Semen specimen collected 3 hours before testing -
Report as compromised on the final report
Not an application of PCR - Amplification of DNA for
northern blot
RAST - most helpful in identifying specific allergens
Xanthochromia in a premature infant may be due to -
AOA-immature blood brain barrier, Elevated protein in
CSF, Elevated bilirubin in blood
Candida parapsilosis -
Kidney graft best chances - HLA identical, mixed
lymphocyte culture (-), ABO identical
Acute phase proteins are synthesized in the -
hepatocytes
Blood lactate concentration will - increase if circulation
and oxygenation are impaired
17 ketosteroids - Testes and adrenal cortex
Few small purple inclusions are found in erythrocytes,
they can be confirmed as containing iron by -
performing a Prussian blue stain
Secondary hemostasis - interrelated chemical processes
that lead to the formation of durable fibrin strands
Moraxella catarrhalis - URI, sputum, gram-negative
diplococci, Oxidase Positive, carb degradation test
inactive
300 dose of rhogam - 30 ml WB
Nanometer - 10^-9
Two medias appropriate for bordatella pertussis -
Bordet-Gengou, Regan-Lowe charcoal agar
Infectious mononucleosis - Reactive Lymphocytes
Storage temperature of enzymes - 4 C
HIPAA - Health INSURANCE portability and
accountability act
Greatest risk for maternal rubella during gestation - first
trimester
Valinomycin - Potassium
Helminthosporium -
Campy fetus jejuni - Optimal growth at 42
Hymenolepis diminuta -
Shapes used to describe cocci - Ovoid, lancet, round
Methylene Blue Stain works by - Staining cellular
components
Blastomyces dermatitidis -
Trichoderma -
Frozen RBC cells in glycerol are frozen at - -65 or lower
ABO groups discovered by - Landsteiner
Group II discrepancies - forward and reverse groupings
due to weakly reacting or missing antigens
Cryptospora - 5-8 <cyclospora
15% of population - is RH neg
Enzymes - Proteins of biological origin
A-B-O- cells - only RH and ABO must be done
Myocyte contraction regulator - cTnT
Precision - Method Reliability
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Lower limit for semen ml - 1.5ml
In PCR what is amplified - Target
SDI - position of your test compared to the mean of the
test group
Whole blood glucose levels - are 11% lower than plasma
In a closed system when FFP is thawed it can be labeled
thawed plasma 24 hours after the original thaw time
and given a shelf life of - 5 days
Jaundice - is associated with low levels of glucuronyl
transferase
Serum ferritin level suggestive of iron overload in a pre-
menopausal woman - 200mg
When preparing red cells for elution - Thoroughly was
cells
Thalassemia shows no anemia and may not be detected
using hemoglobin electrophoresis - Beta thalassemia
minima
Which component is most commonly used to replace
multiple coagulation factor defs in bleeding patients -
FFP
Epstein barr syndrome - >20% atypical reactive
lymphocytes
LDL - Transports majority of cholesterol to cells for
steroid hormone synthesis
End product of epinephrine and norepinephrine - VMA
Inhibits pituitary secretion of ACTH - Cortisol
Cellulose acetate electrophoresis separates into - 5
fractions
Good candidate for TDM - drug with a narrow
therapeutic window
HA1C 6% - Patient is compliant with diet and medication
Calcitonin synthesized - Thyroid C cells
Hyperosmolar non-ketonic coma - 70 year old type 2
diabetic patient
Least affected by fasting - Cholesterol
Decreased GFR - Creatinine
Argue in favor of TDM - drug is given chronically
AFP - used to determine neural defects
CSF Tubes - Chem, Micro, Hemo
Organic iodine - Thyroxine
iontophoresis - induces sweat production
Thin-layer chromatography is particularly useful in
identification of - Drugs
5-15% of - Iron is absorbed daily
CEA - Colon
IF not Folate - is needed for the ABSORPTION of B12
Jaffe reaction for creatine - Saturated picric acid and
sodium hydroxide
Multiple myeloma -
Shows a decrease during an acute phase response -
Albumin
Skeletal muscle enzyme - Aldolase
Metabolic syndrome - Fasting blood glucose, trigs, HDL
Fructosamine not HA1C - long term for sickle cell
anemia
Ion selective electrodes are called selective because
they measure - Activity of one ion much more than
other ions present
Mg activates - Alk Phosphatase, CK
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Troponin I - 3-12 hours for 7-14 days
Major property of ADH - Changes distal tubule water
permeability
After second spin in the preparation of platelets they
should - Allowed to rest for 1-2 hours
DR antigens - HLA system
Platelet donation minimum - 5.5x10
Components provide best source of fibrinogen with
patient with fibrinogenemia - Cryoprecipitate
Fya - destroyed by enzymes
Common difference between PCH and CHD - PCH
caused by IgG CHD is caused by IgM
Type B blood - has higher incidence in Asians
Consequences of HDFN most associated before death -
Cardiac failure
AB blood patients - still have H antigens
FFP should be transfused within - 24 hours
Allogenic blood - Donated by someone OTHER than the
donor
Major crossmatch purpose - Verify donor ABO packed
cell compatibility
To prevent Rh alloimmunization initiate Rhogam to - Rh
negative pregnant females, anteatal in the 3rd trimester
Antibody most likely negative for HDFN - Anti-A
Anaphalxis - on RBCs lacking IgA
Leukmoid Reaction - WBC >50,000
The dissolution of a clot with 5M urea indicates which
of the following factor defiencies - XIII
Red blood cell formation of large amounts of
hemoglobin usually begins with which developmental
stage - Polychromatic normoblast
Main site for monocytes after diapedesis - Body tissues
Basophil - Immediate hypersensitivity reactions
RDW in alpha thalassemia - Increased
Down syndrome - ALL
G6PD - Precipitation of Hb
Dry tap - Touch Preperations
Direct cause of HH - Absorption of excessive amounts of
iron in the small intestines
False positive ketones - L-dopa metabolites
Bile duct obstruction - Positive because conjugated
bilirubin is present and excreted by the kidneys
Transitional epithelial cells -
Watson Schwarts - Urobilinogen
Activation unit for complement - C4, C2,C3
Opsonins - Greatly enhance phagocytosis in RE cells
ANA shows speckled pattern - Screen for Sm and RNP
antibodies
Threshold limit value - Maximum level of a chemical to
which a worker can be exposed without causing adverse
health affects
Class C fire - Electrical
Safety regulations fall under what organization in the
clinical laboratory - OSHA
Probe - Nucleic acid used to identify a hybridization
target
Preparation of standards - Reagent grade
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HLA-A and HLA-B can be detected by - Lymphocyte
cytotoxicity
A standard is used to check the - Accuracy
Lymph nodes of aids patients - Reactive
lymphadenopathy
Diapedesis - How long neutrophils reside in peripheral
blood 7-8 hours
Cordocentesis - Procedure used to obtain fetal blood
sample to monitor severity of HDFN and can be used to
deliver intrauterine transfusions
Which antigen might show a cell typing change during
pregnancy - Lewis
Russell viper venom test - Confirmatory test for lupus
anticoagulant
10-12% - of people in the USA are heterozygous for HFE
mutation
Semi-automated and automated urine chemical reagent
strip readers - Remove subjectivity allowing for better
reproducibility
When evaluating the throughput of a particular method
you should consider all of the following except -
Sensitivity of technique
Right to know law - Hazard communication 1910.1200
Storing reagents without expiration date - Store in a
manner where the oldest will be used first
Corneal tissue transplant - absence of class II
transplantion antigens
Outpatient reimbursement code - Common procedure
terminology codes
Half-life IgG - 23 days
Relative centrifugal force of a centrifuge may be
affected by all of the following except - Time
Specific gravity - Relationship between ionic
concentration and specific gravity
Which hormone does not stimulate gluconeogenesis
(formation of glucose from non carbs) - Insulin
Significant titer - 8-32
All of the following associated with hemoglobin C
except - fast motility of HbC at pH 8.6
Blood gas anticoagulant - heparin
High Specificity - Accurately identifies the absence of
disease
Semen 3 hours after collection - Report as compromised
in final report
Sudan III - Presence of Fat
Why serum ferritin is not optimal for screening test of
HH - Acute phase reactant that is frequently elevated in
a variety of clinical conditions
Routine sperm count dilution - 1:20
Glomerular filtration mechanism - hydrostatic
differential in glomerular tufts
Chediak Higashi - Abnormal granulation
Joint fluid does not - have the same consistency as
plasma
Coombs reagent contains - Mono/Polyclonal antibodies,
anti-C3b
Monitor Precision - Run samples in duplicate
Used to separate DNA >50 - Pulsed field electrophoresis
CSF WBC 60-100% - Lymphocytes
Newborns who develop hemoglobin H may
demonstrate up to 30% of which type of hemoglobin -
Bart
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Hgb that protects against sickling in patients with HbS -
Hgb F
Drawing with a butterfly - Draw and discard a waste
light-blue top tube before the tube that will be used for
coagulation studies
Heterozygous sickle cell - HgA/S
Endpoint iron depletion phase for Hereditary
hemochromatosis - Serum ferritin decreases to
between 20-50
Screening test for hemoglobin S based on - Decreased
solubility of deoxygenated Hb S in solution that
produces turbidity
Barr bodies - non-pathological
Basophil granules - Histamine
NK lymphocyte - Large cell with abundant cytoplasm
and a few azurophillic granules
>50% of lymphocytes found on peripheral blood smear
of a 5 month child - Normal finding
Drabkins solution - Cyanmethemoglobin
Bone marrow M:E ratio - 2.5:1
Pathway initiated when collagen is exposed - Intrinsic
All of the following describe T lymphocytes except -
Production of surface immunoglobulins
Beta Thalassemia intermedia - Some Splenomegaly
Bone marrow cellular morphological - detail cant be
determined
Hemo test most affected by microclots - platelet count
Essential thrombocythemia - Platelets are increased and
abnormal
Minimum volume of RH pos red cells needed to
produce Anti-D - <0.1 ml
Estriol, HcG, Inhibin, alpha-fetal protein can be obtained
during pregnancy to - Assess Down syndrome
Alcohol in gram stain to - Decolorize all gram negative
organisms
Primary reagents in aPTT - Activated partial
thromboplastin and Calcium
Anaphalactic shock - IgE
largest constitute of non protein nitrogen - Urea
Most common type of autoimmune hemolytic anemia -
WAHA
BNP - synthesized and secreted in the heart
Enzyme mutliplied immunoassay technique differ in
that they - no separation of bound and free antigen is
required
Porphyrins - Urine dark wrapped in foil ph 7.5
Cabot rings - Megaloblastic anemia
No diabetes 45 and older should get screened - every 3
years
2 hour glucose test on pregnant woman - <140
SLE - Homogenous pattern
Percentage of glycerol used when freezing RBCs - 40%
HbF 100% - Delta-Beta thalassemia major
Pasteurella - Cat bite
Normal adult hemoglobin A - Alpha and beta
What would rule out TB - Yellow colonies when exposed
to light
P disc resistant - Strep viridins
Which test is normal in a patient with dysfibrinogemia -
Immunologic fibrinogen level
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T lymphocytes - CD3
Zollinger Ellison disease - Gastrin
Syphillis microscope - Darkfield
Macro-Amylasemia - Increased serum amylase, Normal
to low urine amylase
HCT - % of blood made up of blood
HbD is elevated in all of the following except - alpha-
thalassemia
Neisseria gonococci and Neisseria meningococci can
oxidase - Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine
dihydrocholoride
Hep B recovery 6 month later - Anti-HbS
HCG - Rapid rise in levels during first trimester; slow
decline and possible level off throughout remainder of
pregnancy
Which is NOT true of RT-PCR - Does not require use of
reverse transcriptase
Occupational exposure greatest risk of HIV transmission
- Percutaneous injury
Specificity - % of patients without a disease who will
have a negative test
Mild allergic reaction to a transfusion is caused by -
Drugs or food consumed by the blood donor
Bacteria in urine - Alkaline
Weak D - Reduced number of D antigen sites on surface
of red cell
False positive for Syphillis RPR - Mono
True monocytic leukemia - M5
Reagent strip primarily test for which type of protein -
Albumin
False negative result in AHG testing - Low pH of saline
Reduce Zeta potential in RBCs by - PEG, albumun or
enzymes
Which does not develop in the bone marrow -
Lymphocyte
Pheochromacytoma - Metanephrines
Pippette should be wiped off - BEFORE lowering the
miniscus to the calbration mark
Monoclonal B cell population CD19,20,23 and 5 - CLL
B antigen mixed field - B3
Bence jones heat precipitation test - Precipitates
between 40-60 but redissolves at 100
Proteins in 8.6 pH will become - NEGATIVELY charged
and migrate to the anode
Unexpected positive result during ABO forward typing -
Acquired B antigen
Adipokine decreased in obesity, anti-inflammatory,
increases insulin sensitivity - Adiponectin
Cenfugical force affected by everything but - Time
Six sigma improvement - Failure mode and effects
analysis
Radiation source for atomic absorption - Hollow
cathode lamp
Best correlates to HDFN - Aminotic fluid bilirubin
Corneal tissue transplant - Absence of class II
transplantation antigens
Nasopharynx of healthy people but rarely pathogenic -
Cornyebacterium
HbS polymeration increase -
Acid/dehydration/INCREASE 2,3
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Important messenger in metabolism signaling
hypothalmus that there are changes in fat stores -
Leptin
Diagnosis of diptheria is determined by - Determining
culture is a toxin producing strain
Adequacy of fibrinogen in heparinized patients -
Reptilase time
NOT used to classify acute leukemia - Retic Count
Seal on RBCs opened how long can it be refrigerated
prior to administration - 24 hours
Equivalent to CMV neg - Leukoreduced RBC
McLeod - Kell
Pos/Neg Cardiovascular risk - Apo B-100/Apo-B-1
Hemoglobinapathy - Substitution of an amino acid in
the hemoglobin chain
Non invasive way to predict anemia in fetus - Color
doppler middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity
Gene loci for alpha chain are adjacent to locus for what
globin chain - Zeta
Conditions associated with polyclonal broadbase
increase in gamma globulins except - Immunodeficiency
Virus that causes aplastic crisis in HbS - Parvovirus B19
Enzyme responsible for conjugation of bilirubin -
Glucurynol transferase
Circulating organic iodine - Thyroxine
Dimorphic species that does not produce a yeast colony
when incubated at 35 - Coccioides Immitus
Normal Spinal Fluid Volume - 90-150ml
Elevated conjugated bilirubin - Biliary obstruction
Hydroxyuria acid - Induces increased production of HbF
Sequestration crisis sickle cell - exchange transfusion
and or splenectomy
Out of how 1,000,000 caucasians will have the following
phenotype? Group O,K+, Jk(a+) - 30,000
Influenza A - Is worst than Influenza B or C
CSF lymphocytosis is associated with all of the following
except - Cerebral absess
What requires a complex lymphoblastoid cell culture -
Epstein Barr
Urine test strip protein - Albumin
10 large hemocytometer squares contain - 1ul of fluid
Chylomicrons are composed of - Triglycerides
Warfarin inhibits what factors - Vit K dépendent
2,7,9,10
CAD cold agglutinin disease - anti I
VLDL - Endogenous
Not a learning domain of a MLS program -
Comprehension domain
Procedure that utilizes leukapheresis to collect Buffy
coat from whole blood - Photophoresis
Oliguria - Acute glomerulonephritis
M tuberculosis to aggregate - Cording factor
Beta thalassemia that shows no anemia and may not be
detected using hemoglobin electrophoresis - Beta
Minima
Lower reference level for semen - 32%
NAA techniques - Target amplification/signal
amplification
Nephrotic all include of the following except -
Hyperproteinemia
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Not a feature of SLE - Increased serum complement
Anti malarial drugs hemolytic anemia - G6PD Def
Find in DIC not TTP, HUS - Prolonged PT/PTT
Fibrinogen def - Cryo
Red blood cell transfusion infections - Yersenia Pestis
Found in both classical and alternative pathway - C3
Contributes to specific gravity but not osmolality -
Protein Best describes neutrophil - Cytoplasm of cell contains
specific granules
Not a possible cause of death after HIV infection -
Penetration of membrane by the HIV spike Does not require computer label on blood - Outdate

Minimum HgB for autogenous blood - 11g Class B - Grease fire/Flammable chemicals

Best likelyhood to receive D positive RBCs without Distal Convoluted tubles - Maintain water-electrolyte
adverse effects - C in trans to RHD and acid base balance

Competitive Radioimmunoassay - Antibody will react RBC that does not react with Anti-Fy3 - Fy(a-b-)
equally with labeled and unlabeled antigen
False regarding troponin - Rises sooner than CK-MB
Malaria blood deferrment - 3 years
Benefit from washed cells - IgA def with anti IgA
Absence of what factor causes no bleeding tendency -
Hageman VLDL - Endogenous

A1 subgroup makes up - 75-80% Increased alpha thalassemia EXCEPT - Iron binding

capacity
Wilsons disease - Increased urine copper
Rh antibodies - Immune IgG
Most common nucleated cell in bone marrow -
MetaMyleocyte RDW in alpha thalassemia histogram - Shifted to the left

Not a koch postulate - When organism is injected into Alpha thalassemia intermedia crisis - Increased LD and
HUMAN will produce disease Bilirubin and normal haptoglobin

DNA virus - Hep B F serum lead - Serum lead level is an good inexpensive
screening test for lead toxicity
Abnormal assay associated with thrombotic tendency -
APTT Basophilic stippling - Aggregates of ribosomes

Confirm pence jones - Urine protein Elect, Myocyte contraction - cTnT

immunoelectro
Calcitonin increase - Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
CSF Multiple Scleorsis - Lymphocytes
Shows presence of disease - Sensitivity
Ammonia - Waste product of AA and protein
metabolism Granulocyte concentrates be administered after
collection - 24 hour
False about urea - Decreased in Dehydration
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Lymphocytes - GFHD
First enzyme to be elevated during MI - CK
Capillary electrophoresis - occurs in a capillary tube with
detection while the solutes separate and migrate in the
tube
CSF for syphillis - VDRL
Falsey elevated hemoglobin - Lipidemia icterus
Neubauer hemocytometer - 9 squares
Group II discrepancies - antigens
Viral and rickettsia testing - IFA
Percentage of bleach - 10%
Hyperparathyroidism - I(CA) D(Ph)
HLA - Allergic tranfusion reactions
EDTA and Sodium citrate combine with - CA to inhibit
coagulation
Continuous occurance on one side - Shift
Specificity - True Negatives
Sensitivity - T positives
Fluorometer design - Prevent excitation light from
reaching the detector
NRBCs most likely seen on - Beta Thalassemia Major
Acute phase proteins - Glycoproteins
Strep G - Deep wound cellulitis
False positive bilirubin - Large doses of
chloropromazazine
Most often associated with transfusion reaction of
person lacking IgA - Anaphalaxis
Molecular method not used - Donor antibody screening
Source of HIV envelope - The host cell membrane
Which antibody causes HDFN but limited to less severe
symptoms - Anti-A,B
HgH - Directly alters the integrity of the RBC membrane
Community associated MRSA - is predominantly
associated with skin and soft tissue infections
HIV - RNA is used as a template for DNA synthesis
ALP - increased in obstructive jaundice
Autoantibody found in all sera - Anti-I
Proper temperature when cross matching in presence
of cold antibody - 37
Must be labeled with a biohazard label or be colored
red or orange to indicate biohazard - A container that is
used for disposal of needles in the blood collection area
Potassium ferricyanide - Ferrous iron is oxidized to ferric
iron to form methehemoglobin
Platelet concentration technique - Light spin followed
by a hard spin
After second spin in preparation of platelets - They
should be allowed to rest for 1-2 hours
Electric fire - Class C
Major spill of a carcinogen has occurred - Do not
attempt to clean it up; follow your laboratorys
hazardous materials emergency prodcedures
Levy jennings QC requires - a minimum of 20-30
analyses of control serum over a period of 20-30 days
Standard precautions - All specimens are handled as if
they are hazardous and infectious
Paper wood or cloth fire - Class A
Right to know OSHA law - Hazard communication
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Relative centrifucal force is function of - Radius and
RPMs

QC run +2SD and -2D out of QC - Poor precison resulting

from random error

95% confidence - +/- 2SD

Analytical sensitivity - ability to measure low

concentrations of analytes

All of the following statement about fluorometry are

true except - Fluoresence is indirectly proportional to
the analyte being measured

Spectrophotometric absorbance is related to %

transmittance in what way - Inversely and
logarithmically

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