PRACTICAL SESSION

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY 1
(INSTRUCTOR - ANSWER SHEET)

Contributors:
dr. E. Suryadi, SU, PA(K), MHPE
dr. Noviarina Kurniawati, MSc
dr. Prattama Santoso Utomo, MHPEd

Lesson Plan:
1. Overview of the exercise and assignment (30 minutes)
2. Practice and discussion (70 minutes)
Total 100 minutes

Instruction for Students:

Please complete the exercise below before attending the practical session. Practical session
activities will be based on these questions.

References for further reading and self-learning:

Fremgen, Bonnie F. 2002. Medical Terminology: An Anatomy And Physiology System
Approach 2nd edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Hutton AR. 2002. An Introduction To Medical Terminology For Health Care: A Self Teaching
Package. London: Churchill Livingstone.
Suryadi E. 2005. Buku Saku: Terminologi Kedokteran. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran
UGM.

EXERCISE: Basic Word Structure

A. Fill in the blanks!
1. A word part –logy as in pathology is called a(n) suffix
2. A word part that comes in front of a root is a(n) prefix
3. The foundation of a word is called the root
4. A letter linking suffix and root(s) in a word is called the vowel
5. A root with a vowel added to help pronunciation is called a(n) combining form

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B. Give the meaning of the following combining forms!
1. aden/o: glands _____________________
2. physio/o: function___________________
3. leuk/o: white ________________________
4. path/o: abnormal ___________________
5. cephal/o: head ______________________
6. glyc/o: sugar ________________________
7. arthr/o: joint, to fit together ________
8. nephr/o: kidney _____________________
9. cerebr/o: brain ______________________
10. carcin/o: cancer _____________________
11. cyt/o: cell ___________________________
12. gnos/o: to know ____________________
13. oste/o: bone_________________________
14. onc/o: tumor _______________________
15. dermat/o: skin ______________________
16. xanth/o: yellow _____________________
17. erythr/o: red ________________________
18. gynec/o: woman ____________________
19. encephal/o: brain, inside of the head
20. hepat/o: liver _______________________
21. bi/o: life ____________________________
22. cyst/o: bladder _____________________

C. Fill in the prefixes for the following English terms!

1. Surrounding: peri- _________________ 9. Before: ante-, pro- __________________
2. Deficient: mal- _____________________ 10. Outside, outer: ecto-, ec-, ex- _______
3. Across: trans- _____________________ 11. Within: endo-, en-, intra- ___________
4. Self: auto- _________________________ 12. Back: dorso- _______________________
5. Complete, through: dia- ____________ 13. Excessive: hyper-, poly- ____________
6. Up: ana-, super- ___________________ 14. Out: ecto- _________________________
7. Above: epi- ________________________ 15. Yellow: xantho-_____________________
8. Behind: retro- _____________________ 16. No, without: an-, nul-, in- __________

D. Fill in the meaning of the following prefixes!

1. anti - : against ____________________
2. infra- : under ______________________
3. pro- : before ______________________
4. inter- : between____________________
5. meta- : joint, action sharing ______
6. intra- : within _____________________
7. sub- : under, below _______________
8. hyper- : excessive _________________
9. con- : together ___________________
10. in-: not, abnormal ________________
11. meso- : in between ________________
12. ana- : up, back to _________________
13. ab- : not ___________________________
14. cata- : breaking down _____________
15. peri- : surrounding ________________
16. poly- : many _______________________
17. dys- : pain, abnormality ___________
18. pseudo- : fake, not true ____________
19. para- : near, likely _________________
20. mal- : deficient, problem___________
21. retro- : behind _____________________
22. ultra- : high, many_________________
23. dia- : complete _____________________
24. tachy- : fast ________________________
25. pan- : all, general, whole __________
26. brady- : slow _______________________
27. ante- : before ______________________
28. eu- : normal, good _________________

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29. contra- : against, opposite ________ 30. auto- : self _________________________

E. Fill in the suffixes for the following English terms!

1. Inflammation : -itis _______________________________________________________________
2. Resection, or surgical removal : -ectomy ___________________________________________
3. Section : -tomy ___________________________________________________________________
4. Condition (usually abnormal): -pathy ______________________________________________
5. Process of study : -logy____________________________________________________________
6. Instrument to examine visually: -scope ____________________________________________
7. Instrument to cut : -tome _________________________________________________________
8. One who specializes in : -logyst ___________________________________________________
9. Pertaining to : -ic, -al _____________________________________________________________
10. Blood condition : -emia ___________________________________________________________
11. Tumor: -oma______________________________________________________________________
12. Pain : -dynea, -algia ______________________________________________________________
13. Record : -gram____________________________________________________________________
14. Cell : -cyte ________________________________________________________________________
15. Process of viewing: -graphy, -scopy________________________________________________

F. What prefix means the same as:

1. per- : dia- _________________________ 7. pre- : ante- _________________________
2. a-, an- : mal- ______________________ 8. supra- : super- _____________________
3. hemi- : semi- ______________________ 9. con-: com- _________________________
4. intra- : endo-, en- __________________ 10. cata-: de- ___________________________
5. contra- : trans- ____________________ 11. infra- : sub- ________________________
6. ex- : ecto-__________________________ 12. retro- : dorso- ______________________

G. Fill in the meaning of the following suffixes

1. –gram : pictures, graphics ________ 11. –graphy: examination ______________
2. –ectomy : resection ________________ 12. –poiesis : production _______________
3. –plasty : repair ____________________ 13. –oma : tumor_______________________
4. – stomy: making a new hole/opening 14. –centesis: taking out fluid _________
5. –osis : condition _________________ 15. –graph : tool to measure ___________
6. –megaly: enlargement _____________ 16. –opsy : to see ______________________
7. –itis : inflamation ______________ 17. –tome : instrument to cut _________
8. –malacia: softening, problem ______ 18. –pexy : fixating ____________________
9. –genic : pertaining to (source) ____ 19. –emia : blood condition ____________
10. –dynea : pain ______________________ 20. –stasis : stop, stable _______________

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21. –coccus : round-shaped (bacteria) _ 24. –ptosis : falling down ______________
22. –therapy : treatment ______________ 25. –tomy : to cut ______________________
23. –trophy : condition, growth _______ 26. –lysis : shearing ___________________

H. Select the best answer by circling the chosen letter!

1. Which of the following is a compound word?
a. Biology b. Sinusitis c. Dysphagia d. Gastroenteritis
2. The adjective form for thorax is?
a. Thoracic b. Thoraxial c. Thoraxal d. Thoral
3. The word diplopia has the suffix:
a. Opia b. Ia c. Plopia d. Pia

I. Write the plural or singular form of each of the the following words!
1. Plural: Vertebrae Singular: vertebra ________________________________
2. Plural: Nuclei Singular: nucleus ________________________________
3. Singular: Patella Plural: patellae __________________________________
4. Singular: Prognosis Plural: prognoses ________________________________
5. Singular: Pharynx Plural: pharynges ________________________________
6. Singular: Apex Plural: apexes ____________________________________

J. Using slashes (/), divide the following terms into component parts: write the word
root: and give the meaning of the word:
Root Meaning
1. quadriceps cephal_______________________ muscle that has 4 heads/ bundles
2. cerebral cerebr _______________________ pertaining to brain ________________
3. pathogenic path _________________________ pertaining to abnormality (source)
4. hypogastric gastr ________________________ below the gaster/stomach _________
5. tetralogy tetr __________________________ based on 4 view/ condition ________
6. rhinitis rhin _________________________ inflammation of nose mucosa _____
7. arthrotomy arthr ________________________ incision/cut to the joint ___________
8. lymphoma lymph _______________________ tumor of the lymph node __________
9. xanthoma xanth _______________________ tumor originated from lipid _______
10. iridotomy iris __________________________ cutting through iris _______________
11. hypodermis derm ________________________ layers under the skin/dermis _____
12. paresthesia esth _________________________ sensation of abnormal senses _____
13. salphingitis salphynx ____________________ inflammation of the tuba fallopii _
14. vasectomy vas __________________________ cutting the vas deferens___________
15. aspermia sperm _______________________ no sperm found____________________

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16. tricuspid cusp _________________________
17. sepsis sep __________________________
18. biceps cephal_______________________
19. intradermal derm ________________________
20. antipyretic pyr __________________________
21. subphrenic phren _______________________
22. myelitis myel _________________________
a valve that contains 3 leaves ____
a condition pertaining to infection
muscle that has 2 heads/ bundles
within the skin ____________________
a drug class for alleviating fever _
under the diaphragm _____________
inflammation of the spinal cord __

K. Using slashes divide the following terms into component parts; identify the
combining forms and give the meaning of the word:
Combining Form Meaning
1. carcinogenic carcin/o _________________ pertaining to cancer _________
2. electroencephalogram electr/o + cephal/o ______ records of brain-electrical activity
3. osteotome oste/o____________________ tool to cut bones _____________
4. thrombocytosis thromb/o ________________ excessive of thrombocyte ____
5. gastroenterologist gastr/o + enter/o ________ specialist in digestive tracts
6. encephalopathy cephal/o _________________ problem of the brain _________
7. electromyography electr/o + my/o __________ process to evaluate electric
__________________________ activity of the muscle________
8. physiology physic/o _________________ science of body’s normal function
9. chondroma chondr/o ________________ tumor derived from cartilage
10. osteosarcoma oste/o____________________ cancer from the bone ________
11. lipase lip/o _____________________ enzyme that breaks down fat
12. psychosis psych/o __________________ abnormal psychic condition _
13. cheilosis cheil/o ___________________ problem of the lips __________
14. necrosis necr/o ___________________ dead tissue due to inflammation
15. biology bi/o ______________________ science of life ________________
16. physiology physic/o _________________ science of body’s normal function
17. apoptosis ap/o _____________________ programmed cell death ______
18. thrombosis thromb/o ________________ formation of blood clot ______
19. anisocytosis cyt/o _____________________ unequal cell size (condition) _
20. asthenia asthen/o _________________ weak, powerless _____________
21. hemorrhage hem/o ___________________ process of bleeding __________
22. rhinorrhea rhin/o ___________________ secret from the nose/ runny nose
23. stenosis sten/o ___________________ constriction __________________

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L. Find the suffixes in the following words and give meaning of the word:
Suffix Meaning
1. leukemia -emia __________________________ blood cancer __________________
2. gastrectomy -ectomy ________________________ removal of the stomach _______
3. hematoma -oma ___________________________ swelling that contains blood clot
4. nephritis -itis ____________________________ inflammation of the kidney ___
5. proctoscope -scope _________________________ instrument to view the anus __
6. dermatosis -osis ___________________________ skin abnormality _____________
7. psychogenic -genic __________________________ related/due to psyche _________
8. neuralgia -algia __________________________ pain due to nerves ____________
9. bronchiectasis -ectasis _______________________ widening of bronchus _________
10. appendectomy -ectomy _______________________ resection of the appendix _____
11. melanoma -oma __________________________ tumor of melanocyte __________
12. urethritis -itis ___________________________ inflammation of urethra ______
13. colonoscopy -scopy _________________________ process of viewing colon ______
14. dermatosis -osis __________________________ skin abnormal condition ______
15. psychogenic -genic _________________________ related/due to psyche _________
16. neuralgia -algia _________________________ pain due to nerves ____________
17. amylase -ase ___________________________ enzyme that breaks down amylum
18. leucorrhea -rrhea _________________________ whitish discharge (of vagina) _
19. adenoid -oid ___________________________ name of a gland ______________
20. erythema -ema __________________________ reddish________________________
21. diuresis -sis ____________________________ condition of urination (too much)
22. thyrotoxicosis -osis __________________________ poisoning due to thyroid hormones
23. onychorrhexis -is _____________________________ bursting of the nails __________

M. Identify the prefixes in the following terms and give meaning of the word:
Prefix Meaning
1. anatomy ana- ________________________ cut to completion (to be studied)
2. endocarditis endo- _______________________ inflammation of endocardium
3. retroperitoneal retro- _______________________ pertaining to behind of the peritoneum

4. hypodermic hypo- _______________________ pertaining to under the skin __

5. hyperemia hyper- ______________________ very reddish colorization _____
6. endocrine endo- _______________________ glands that secrete hormone__
7. diagnosis dia- ________________________ to know the disease of patient
8. prognosis pro- ________________________ outlook of the disease ________
9. endometrium endo- _______________________ internal layer of uterus _______
10. periosteum peri- ________________________ external layer of bone sheath _

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11. ectasis ec-__________________________ widening, flowing out _________
12. ectoderm ec-__________________________ outer layer of the embryo _____
13. retroperitoneum retro- _______________________ behind the peritoneum ________
14. hypothermia hypo- _______________________ low temperature ______________
15. hyperemesis hyper- ______________________ profusely vomiting ____________
16. paracrine para- _______________________ gland that produce particles to
be used by nearby cells
17. epidermis epi- _________________________ the layer above dermis ________
18. circumoral circum-_____________________ around the mouth_____________
19. abscess ab- _________________________ abnormal cavity that contains pus
20. abortus ab- _________________________ abortion/pregnancy termination
21. bifurcatio bi- __________________________ split into 2 branches __________
22. contralateral contra- _____________________ different side of body _________
23. adenocortical adeno- _____________________ one of the endocrine glands __

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