JR Science Quiz 19-20 Class VI - VIII

SCIENCE QUIZ – 2019 – 2020
CLASS LEVEL VI – VIII
Answer in one word

Q1. Which organ forms blood proteins?
Ans. Liver
Q2. What is the range of white blood count that indicates absence of infection in the body?
Ans. {5000 - 10000} per mm3
Q3. The term common for foreign invaders such as bacteria, viruses, pollen, additives, etc. against
which the immune system can produce antibodies is-
Ans. Antigens
Q4. Which blood type lacks antigens?

Ans. O
Q5. What does the presence of D antigen on RBC tell about the type of blood one has?
Ans. D (Rh) positive
Q6. Most of the house hold freezers maintain temperature from -230C to -180C. Convert this range in
Kelvin.
Ans. 250K to 255K
Q7. Which refrigerant has replaced freon-12 in eco-friendly refrigerators?

Ans. Tetrafluoroethane
Q8. Name a component of gasoline that has been classified by the U.S.EPA as a "human
carcinogen".
Ans. Benzene
Q9. Name the physicist who had predicted the potential of nanotechnology in his famous
speech titled “There is plenty of room at the bottom".
Ans. Richard Feynman
Q10. Name the protein that is primary component of your nails.

Ans. Alpha-keratin
Q11. Do pencils have element lead?

Ans. No, they are made with graphite.
Q12. What is the source of arrowroot powder, a common cooking ingredient?

Ans. Rhizomes of tropical plants.
Q13. What is talcum powder made from?

Ans. Hydrated Magnesium Silicate
Q14. What does RCC stands for?

Science Quiz 2019 Page 1
Ans. Reinforced Cement Concrete
Q15. What does acronym TMT refer to regarding construction bars?

Ans. Thermo Mechanically Treated
Q16. The caution symbol shown below is the indicator of_________
Ans. Biological hazard
Q17. A hypothetical substance composed of uncontrolled self-replicating nanobots that consumes all
living matter on earth is -
Ans. Grey goo
Q18. Name the type of sound which has frequency above 20 KHz.
Ans. Ultrasonic sound
Q19. Mobile phone batteries get charged with AC or DC current-

Ans. DC
Q20. What is the nature of the human eye lens?

Ans. Convex
Q21. The pitch of the sound is decided by the physical property of wave called ________
Ans. Frequency
Q22. Name the phenomenon responsible for sparkling of diamond.

Ans. Total internal reflection
Q23. What is the SI unit of electric current?

Ans. A (ampere)
Q24. What is the SI unit of pressure?

Ans. Pa (pascal)
Q25. Name the process which made GI water pipes less corrosive.
Ans. Galvanization
Q26. Name the metal present in vitamin B12.

Ans. Cobalt
Q27. Name the chemical used to test the presence of sugar in blood and urine.
Ans. Benedict’s Solution

Q28. Calcium carbide is used for artificial ripening of green fruits because it produces a gas. Name the
gas it produces.
Ans. Acetylene
Q29. Chemical decomposition of an organic compound by water is called__________

Ans. Hydrolysis
Q30. What provides tomatoes their red colour?

Ans. Lycopene
Q31. Orange colour of carrots is due to presence of a colouring pigment ______

Ans. Carotene
Q32. In which part of the human eye the image of an object is formed?
Ans. Retina
Q33. What is the botanical name for opium?

Ans. Papaver somniferum
Q34. Which noble gas is used in airport landing lights and in light houses?
Ans. Krypton
Q35. Name photoreceptor cells in the human eye which are responsible for coloured vision in human
eyes.
Ans. Cone cells
Q36. Dengue causes reduction in the number particular type of blood cells. Name the blood cells.
Ans. Platelets
Q37. The amount of matter present in a ball of steel called _______

Ans. Mass
Q38. Which gas is released from paddy fields and marshes?

Ans. Methane
Q39. Name the largest blood vessel in human body.

Ans. Aorta
Q40. Which chemical compound is responsible for formation of kidney stones in humans?
Ans. Calcium oxalate
Q41. Which chemical is used for bleaching paper pulp?

Ans. Sodium hypochlorite

Q42. On what principle is the working of a rocket based?

Ans . Conservation of momentum
Q43. What are the pollutants which move downward with percolating groundwater called?
Ans. Leachates
Q44. Name the chemical used to make toothpaste white.

Ans. Titanium dioxide
Q45. What is the weight of a person sitting in an artificial satellite of the earth?
Ans. Zero weight
Q46. Name the alkaloid that is contained in cola drinks.

Ans. Caffeine
Q47. Which physical quantity can be detected using Galvanometer/Millimeter?

Ans. Electric Current
Q48. What imparts brown colour to human faces?

Ans. Bilirubin (present in bile juice secreted by liver)
Q49. Which element is used in the making of microchips?

Ans. Silicon
Q50. What is the percentage of blood present in human body by weight?

Ans. 7 % of the body weight
Q51. What range of frequency is usually referred to as the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Band?
Ans. 300 to 3000 mega hertz
Q52. What is the range of average pain threshold in decibels for humans?
Ans. 120 - 140 decibel
Q53. To which organism scientific name Rana tigrina refers?

Ans. Frog
Q54. Which tendon attaches the calf muscle to the heel bone in human body?
Ans. Achilles tendon
Q55. What is the name given to wood in which normal cells have been replaced with mineral
deposits?
Ans. Petrified wood
Q56. Pollination by birds is called:

Ans. Ornithophily

Q57. How many incisor teeth are present in rabbit?

Ans. Four
Q58. During daylight, which colour is most sensitive to human eye?

Ans. Green
Q59. The estrogen and androgen hormones which regulate sexual development and function are
structurally related to:
Ans. Cholesterol
Q60. Some physicians suggest that women supplement their diets with antacids to supply additional
amounts of a certain element to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. The ingredient in antacids which
provides this element is:
Ans. Calcium Carbonate
Q61. Which naturally occurring radioactive substance present in air is suspected as the second leading
cause of lung cancer?
Ans. Radon
Q62. Which metal is obtained from the mineral malachite?

Ans. Copper
Q63. You use a hydrometer to check the condition of the electrolyte in your car battery.Which
property of the fluid is measured by hydrometer?
Ans. Density
Q64. What is the mass in grams of one cubic centimetre of water?

Ans. One gram
Q65. What is the name of the first atomic-powered submarine?

Ans. Nautilus
Q66. Which three elements besides iron make up the alloy alnico, used for making magnets?
Ans. Aluminium, Nickel, and Cobalt
Q67. Name the plants that seasonally shed all their leaves.
Ans. Deciduous
Q68. Name the oldest fossil fuel used by man found in bogs.
Ans. Peat
Q69. At what temperature in degree celsius is the density of water maximum?

Ans. 4 degrees Celsius

Q70. Which household heating fuel also powers jet planes?

Ans. Kerosene
Q71. Name the most abundant gas in the earth's atmosphere.

Ans. Nitrogen (78.08%)
Q72. What is the chemical name of Vitamin E?
Ans. Alpha tocopherol
Q73. Which polymer is used to manufacture electric switches, computer disks etc.?
Ans. Bakelite
Q74. Which biological polymer is present in paper?

Ans. Cellulose
Q75. Which chemical is called Chile Salt peter?

Ans. Sodium Nitrate
Q76. What is table sugar?

Ans. Cane sugar (Sucrose)
Q77. “Minamata disease” which is a pollution of water bodies is caused by element causes?
Ans. Mercury
Q78. Name the unit in which nuclear sizes are measured.

Ans. Fermi.
Q79. Name a light phenomenon which takes place due to uneven heating of different parts
of earth’s atmosphere.
Ans. Mirage.
Q80. Give the common name for body part called hallux.
Ans. Big Toe
Q81. What kind of clouds is high in the sky & made of ice?
Ans. Cirrus Cloud
Q82. To which disease Human papilloma virus is related?

Ans. Cervical Cancer
Q83. Late Dr. Hargobind Khurana had received Nobel prize in physiology in1968,for…
Ans. Interpretation of genetic code

Q84. In certain amino acids, which element is found in addition to carbon , hydrogen, nitrogen and
oxygen?
Ans. Sulphur
Q85. Name the element which is essential for transmission of impulses in nerve fibres.
Ans. Calcium
Q86. Which compound is used in anti-malarial drug?

Ans. Chloroquin
Q87. Which vitamin hastens healing of wound?

Ans. Vitamin C
Q88. Food wrapped in newspaper is likely to get contaminated with …………

Ans. Lead
Q89. Which disease is immunity by BCG vaccination (Bacillus Calmette Guerine)?

Ans. Tuberculosis
Q90. Which vitamins is synthesised in the body by intenstinal bacteria?

Ans. Vitamin K
Q91. In which component of blood does antibody formation takes place?

Ans. Blood plasma
Q92. Which part of human brain is the regulating centre for swallowing and vomiting?
Ans. Medulla Oblongata
Q93. Name the largest human cell.

Ans. Ovum
Q94. What is the name of a cells in the body that engulf foreign particles like bacteria?
Ans. Phagocytes.
Q95. How many muscles are there in a human body?

Ans. 639
Q96. Which metal is alloyed with sodium to transfer heat in a nuclear reactor?
Ans. Potassium
Q97. Which chemical is used in artificial rain?

Ans. Silver iodide
Q98. Which polymer is used in making bullet proof glass?

Ans. Lexan
Q99. What are woody climbers known as?

Ans. Lianas
Q100. Chloride salt of which metal is responsible for green colour seen in fireworks?
Ans. Barium
Q101. Which is the purest form of iron?

Ans. Wrought iron
Q102. What is the process of improving the quality of rubber by heating it with sulphur called?
Ans. Vulcanization
Q103. Name the gases which cause acid rain

Ans. Sulphur dioxide and Nitrogen oxides
Q104. What is sodium chloride commonly called?

Ans. Table salt
Q105. What is the chemical name of table sugar?

Ans. Sucrose
Q106. Which gas is present in soda water?

Ans. Carbon dioxide
Q107. Which is the simplest sugar?

Ans. Glucose
Q108. Name the biological polymer present in paper

Ans. Cellulose
Q109. Name the pigment which is responsible for absorption of light in plants?
Ans. Chlorophyll
Q110. Which gas is safe and an effective extinguisher for all forms of confined fires?
Ans. Carbon dioxide
Q111. The Ozone layer lies in the

Ans. Stratosphere
Q112. Anemometer is an instrument used for measuring

Ans. Wind speed

Q113. The first woman of Indian origin in space

Ans. Kalpana Chawla
Q114. The first successful moon mission of India

Ans. Chandrayan-I (October 22, 2008)
Q115. Which vitamin deficiency causes pellagra in human being?

Ans. Vitamin B3
Q116. Which vitamin helps blood clot in human being?

Ans. Vitamin K
Q117. Is a tomato a fruit or vegetable?

Ans. Fruit.
Q118. The hollow woody tissue in plants that carries water and minerals from the roots to the entire
plant
Ans. Xylem
Q119. What is the hardest tissue in the human body?

Ans. Tooth enamel
Q120. A gas used as a disinfectant in drinking water is

Ans. Chlorine
Q121. Name the world’s tallest grass.

Ans. Bamboo
Q122. Which part of the light bulb glows when current flows through it?
Ans. Filament
Q123. Substances that don’t conduct heat are known as

Ans. Insulators
Q124. When a gas reaches its condensation point it becomes

Ans. Liquid
Q125. Which toxic element is present in automobile exhausts?

Ans. Lead

MCQs
Q1. Type of mirror used in a solar furnace is
a. concave mirror b. plane mirror
c. convex mirror d. steel plate
Q2. Gas used in preparation of vegetable ghee is

a. oxygen b. hydrogen
c. chlorine d. nitrogen
Q3. Instrument used to calculate the depth of ocean

a. odometer b. barometer
c. milometer d. fathometer
Q4. Number of autosomes in humans is

a. 24 pairs b. 32 pairs
c. 22 pairs d. 27 pairs
Q5. Momentum depends on

a. mass and acceleration b .mass and force
c. mass and velocity d. mass and time
Q6. Centriole in an animal cell is associated with

a. reproduction b. DNA synthesis
c. respiration d. spindle fibre formation
Q7. Mitosis occurs in

a. vegetative cell b. epidermal cell
c. dead cell d. reproductive cell
Q8. Sorter’s disease is associated with

a. cotton industry b. silk industry
c. wool industry d. none of the above
Q9. If two balls of same masses are dropped on sand, the depths of penetration is same, if
a. heavier ball is dropped faster than lighter ball
b. lighter ball is dropped slower than heavier ball
c. the product ‘mv’ is same for both bodies
d. none of these
Q10. A coin placed on a card is rested at the edges of the glass, falls into the glass, when a sudden force is
applied on the card. It is because of
a. inertia of rest of the coin
b. two forces act on the coin which balance each other
c. unbalanced force acts on it
d. all of these

Q11. Main cause of ocean tides is

a. gravitational pull of the Sun b. gravitational pull of the Moon
c. rotation of Earth on its axis d. both of a and b
Q12. A fielder giving a swing while catching a ball is an example of

a. law of gravitation b. Newron’s 3rd law of motion
c. Newton’s 2 law of motion
nd d. Newton’s 1st law of motion
Q13. Action and reaction forces

a. act on the same body b. act on different bodies
c. act in same direction d. both a and c
Q14. When we pedal the bicycle it stops after sometime because

a. the earth’s gravitational force acts on it b. it is not accelerated
c. no unbalanced force acts on it d. frictional force acts on it
Q15. A football and a stone of same mass at rest have

a. same inertia b. same momentum
c. different inertia d. different momentum
Q16. Proteins contain

a. Carbon b. Nitrogen
c. Oxygen d. All of these
Q17. Life cannot sustain on Mars and Venus because major component in their atmosphere is
a. Oxygen b. Carbon dioxide
c. Nitrogen d. Ozone
Q18. The cells of cork are dead and have a chemical in their walls that makes them impervious to gases
and water. The chemical is
a. lignin b. suberin
c. cutin d. wax
Q19. The flexibility in plants is due to a tissue called

a. chlorenchyma b. parenchyma
c. sclerenchyma d. collenchyma
Q20. Larynx is called

a. voice box b. music box
c. respiratory organ d. none of these
Q21. The disease that affects our lungs is

a. AIDS b. Rabies
c. Polio d. Tuberculosis

Q22. HIV virus attacks one of the following cells in our body
a. red blood cells b. white blood cells
c. liver cell d. lung cell
Q23. The barrier between the protoplasm and the outer environment in an animal cell is
a. cell wall b. plasma membrane
c. nuclear membrane d. cytoplasm
Q24. The colour of vapours formed on sublimation of iodine solid is

a. violet b. colourless
c. yellow d. orange
Q25. Under which of the following condition can we boil water at room temperature?
a. at low pressure b. at high pressure
c. at very high pressure d. at atmospheric pressure
Q26. Emission of Chlorofluorocarbon is harmful as it causes

a. water pollution b. air pollution
c. soil pollution d. ozone layer depletion
Q27. The element required for Nuclear energy and Nuclear Weapon is
a. Aluminium b. Uranium
c. Nitrogen d. Gallium
Q28. Study of cells is called

a. Cytology b. Anatomy
c. Histology d. Icthyology
Q29. Basic function of transformer is to change

a. level of voltage b. power level
c. power factor d. the frequency
Q30. The formula for fluid pressure is

a. hg/d b. hdg
c. hd/g d. h/dg
(h = height of liquid column; d = density of liquid; g = acceleration due to gravity)
Q31. The size of an air bubble while rising up in water

a) decreases b. increase
c) remains the same d. depends on the density of fluid.
Q32. If the density of aluminum is 2700kg/m3 , then its value in CGS system is
a. 2700 g/cm3 b. 270 g/cm3
c. 27 g/cm3 d. 2.7 g/cm3

Q33. The SI unit of relative density is

a. g/cm3 b. kg/m3
c. kg/cm2 d. none
Q34. If the density of fluid increases , the buoyant force will

a. decreases b. increase
c. remains the same d. depends on the density of fluid
Q35. If a body is compressed to half its previous volume, its density

a. remains the same b. becomes half
c. becomes double d. none of the above
Q36. If two pieces of metal when immersed in liquid experiences equal up thrust, then
a. both have equal densities b. both have equal weight
c. both have equal volumes d. both are at same depth
Q37. In a pressure cooker food cooks faster because

a. increased pressure lowers the boiling point of water
b. increased pressure increases the boiling point of water
c. decreased pressure increases the boiling point of water
d. decreased pressure lowers the boiling point of water
Q38. A ray of light travelling in air falls obliquely on the surface of a calm pond. It will
a. go in to the water without deviation b. deviate away from the normal
c. deviate towards the normal d. retraces its path
Q39. When a sound wave travels in air, the physical quantity which is transferred is
a. momentum b. energy
c. mass d. force.
Q40. An object is kept in front of concave lens. The image formed

a. is always erect b. is always inverted
c. may be erect or inverted d. is always real.
Q41. A parallel beam of light falling on the eyes gets focused on the retina because of refraction at
a. the cornea b. the lens
c. cornea and lens both d. the iris
Q42. The combination responsible for admitting different amounts of light into the eyes is
a. ciliary muscles and eye lens b. pupil and eye lens
c. iris and pupil d. rods and cone
Q43. The muscles of iris control the

a. focal length of eye lens b. opening of pupil
c. optic nerve d. shape of pupil

Q44. In a metal
a. all the electrons are free to move.
b. all the electrons are bound to their parent atoms
c. there are no electrons
d. some electrons are free to move
Q45. The current in a wire depends

a. only on the potential difference b. only on the resistance of wire
c. both a and b d. on none of them
Q46. Water waves are

a. longitudinal b. transverse
c. both a and b d. none of the above
Q47. When sound wave is refracted from air to water, which of the following will remain
unchanged?
a. wave number b. wavelength
c. frequency d. wave velocity
Q48. The size of the object as perceived by the eye depends primarily on
a. size of the object. b. size of the image on retina.
c. aperture of the pupil d. all of the above
Q49. The muscles of normal eye are least strained when an object is
a. far away from the eye b. very close to the eye
c. at about 25 cm from eye d. at about 1 m from eye
Q50. When we see an object, image formed on retina is

a. real and inverted b. virtual and erect
c. real and erect d. virtual and inverted
Q51. A solid cube of lead experiences certain upthrust in a liquid. The lead piece is then shaped in to a
hollow cube and placed in the same liquid. The upthrust acting on it
a. remains the same. b. increases
c. decreases d. none of the above.
Q.53 If a body acquires negative charge by rubbing, its weight

a. remains constant b. increases slightly
c. decreases slightly d. none of the above
Q52. A pendulum oscillates with a time period of 1 second. The sound produced by it is
a. supersonic b. audible
c. infrasonic d. ultrasonic

Q53. Non mechanical waves can travel

a. in vacuum as well as in a medium b. in vacuum but not in the medium
c. in medium but not in vacuum d. neither in medium nor in vacuum
Q54. Why is bottle opener an example of class II lever?

a) The fulcrum is placed between the effort and the load
b) The load is between the effort and the fulcrum
c) The effort is between the load and the fulcrum
d) None of the above
Q55. Slope of distance - time graph indicates

a) acceleration b) distance covered
c) speed d) total displacement
Q56. The distance- time graph of moving body is parallel to time axis. The body is moving with
a) uniform speed b) non uniform speed
c) zero speed d) none of the above
Q57. Mercury is widely used in clinical thermometers because…

a. mercury is clearly visible b. mercury does not stick to glass
c. mercury expands uniformly on heating d. all of the above
Q58. To control the excessive heating in electric iron, bimetallic strip is used. On which principle does this
strip work?
a. non uniform expansion in the strip b. uniform expansion in the strip
c. radiation d. convection
Q59. Black bodies are

a. good absorbers and bad radiators of heat b. good absorbers and good radiators of heat
c. bad absorbers and good radiators of heat d. bad absorbers and bad radiators of heat
Q60. Which of the following instrument is used to measure potential difference?

a. voltmeter b. ammeter
c. galvanometer d. cell
Q61. Electric bulb which does not glow to its full power will glow brighter if
a. powered by two cells instead of one cell b. thicker connecting wires are used
c. both a and b d. None of the above
Q62. Study of photochemical reactions is called as

a. photonics b. photography
c. photochemistry d. none of the above
Q63. Halley’s Comet revolves around the sun once in every 76 years. This is a
a. photochemical change b. chemical change
c. periodic change d. irreversible change
Q64. Siphon will fail to work if

a. the densities of the liquid in the two vessels are equal.
b. the level of the liquid in the two vessels is at the same height.
c. both its limbs are of unequal length.
d. the temperature of the liquids in the two vessels is the same.
Q65. Of the following properties of a wave, the one that is independent of the other is its
a. amplitude b. velocity
c. frequency d. wavelength
Q66. Out of the following, which is not emitted by radioactive substance?

a. electrons b. electromagnetic radiations
c. alpha particles d. neutrons
Q67. Which physical quantity is expressed by the product of force and Average speed.
a. momentum b .mass
c. acceleration d. power
Q68. CGS unit of power is

a. watt b. erg/s
c. Newton d. Dyne
Q69. What class of lever is Nut Cracker?

a. class 1 b. class 2
c. class 3 d. none of these.
Q70. While climbing up hill, a man should

a. lean forward b. lean backward
c. remains straight d. Keep feet wide apart.
Q71. A parallel beam of light falling on the eye gets focused on the retina because of refraction at
a. the cornea. b. the eye lens
c. the vitreous humor d. various surfaces in the eye.
Q72. Pressure at a certain depth in river water is P and at the same depth in sea is Q. then
a. P = Q b. P is greater than Q.
c. Q is greater than d. none of these.
Q73. Which of the following conditions on mars would be the first to kills human who is unprotected and
unassisted by the life support?
a. cold temperatures b. high level of carbon dioxide
c. excess of solar radiation d. low air pressure

Q74. Anemophily is pollination by

a. wind b. birds
c. ants d. bats
Q75. Which of the following artificial sweeteners is not broken down by the body and therefore it is non
caloric?
a. aspartame b. saccharin
c. sucralose d. cyclamates
Q76. The process by which plants make their food is called:
a. transpiration b. photosynthesis
c. translocation d. germination
Q77. Plants do not breathe.

a. True b. False
Q78. The solar cell receives energy from ...

a. electrons b. sunlight
c. chemicals d. semiconductors
Q79. There are ... planets in our solar system

a. 7 b. 8
c. 9 d. 10
Q80. The moon is:

a. satellite b. plant
c. asteroid d. comet
Q81. The movement of the earth about its axis is called:

a. revolution b. rotation
c. motion d. tilting
Q82. The fixed pattern of a group of stars is called...

a. constellation b. galaxy
c. black hole d. asteroids
Q83. We can walk on the moon easily.

a. True b. False
Q84. Acids are found in many common chemicals, including foods. Acids taste:
a. sour b. soapy
c. sweet d. salty
Q85. When wind blows, the most likely cause is:

a. changing phases of the moon
b. uneven heating of the earth
c. changing distance between the sun and the earth
d. humidity of the air
Q86. Morning dew is an example of which portion of the water cycle

a. transpiration b. condensation
c. evaporation d. precipitation
Q87. The food or chemical energy source made by plants through photosynthesis is:
a. water b. glucose
c. sunlight d. carbon dioxide
Q88. You find an igneous rock that contains large crystals. This means:
a. slow cooling produced the rock.
b. rapid cooling produced the rock.
c. large crystals indicate the source of the rock.
d. large crystals indicate how long ago the rock formed.
Q89. The preserved remains of once-living organisms are called:

a. aeteorites b. beodes
c. mitochondria d. fossils
Q90. Cats eat rats. Rats eat grain. When grain is plentiful, what do you expect to happen?
a. cat population will increase. b. rat population will decrease.
c. cat population will remain unchanged. d. cat population will decrease.
Q91. What would be the most objective, scientific way to determine which brand of golf ball travels
farthest?
a. have a pro golfer hit each ball 10 times and measure the distance.
b. ask golfers which ball travels farthest.
c. compare the tests performed by each company.
d. have a machine hit each ball with equal force and measure the distance travelled by each ball.
Q92. Which of these actions will help in keeping your home the coolest in summer?
a. opening and closing the refrigerator a lot
b. turning off the tv, computer, radio, games, etc.
c. opening the windows during the day
d. closing the shades or blinds over the windows
Q93. You see your image in a mirror because:

a. light is absorbed b. light is diffracted
c. light is reflected d. light is refracted
Q94. When you increase the length of a guitar string, the pitch or vibration speed that is produced
becomes:
a. louder b. softer
c. higher d. lower

Q95. One of the most important functions of microorganisms in an ecosystem is that they:
a. decompose dead organisms b. limit the number of large animals
c. produce food using the sun's energy d. provide food for large animals
Q96. Which would be the best material you could use to separate heat from cold?
a. steel b. iron
c. glass d. wood
Q97. Yeast is added to make some breads and cheeses. It is to enhance the process of
a. coagulation b. fermentation
c. curdling d. distillation
Q98. Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovered:

a. telescopes b. microorganisms
c. cameras d. first living cell
Q99. Who discovered the cell?

a. Robert Brown b. Robert Hooke
c. Purkinje d. Mathew Schleiden
Q100. The SI unit of speed is:

a. m/s b. cm/kg
c. km/h d. cm/s
Q101. Which of the following were the objectives of the Mission Chandrayaan-1?
(i) to design, develop, launch and orbit a spacecraft around the Moon using an Indian-made
launch-vehicle
(ii) to conduct scientific experiments using instruments on the spacecraft
(iii) to detect water-ice on the Moon
a. only (i) b. only (ii)
c. only (iii) d. all the above
Q102. When is World Ozone Day observed?

a. September 16 b. September 27
c. October 16 d. October 17
Q103. Distilled water is

a. Poor conductor of electricity b. Good conductor of electricity
c. Both a and b d. None
Q104. Fishes are a good source of ...

a. fats b. proteins
c. lipids d. carbohydrate

Q105. The lifespan of Red Blood Cells is __________ days.

a. 60 b. 120
c. 180 d. 240
Q106. Deficiency of Vitamin-D results in

a. night blindness b. rickets
c. scurvy d. hair fall
Q107. Which animal can survive without drinking water for the entire life?
a. Kangaroo b. Hippopotamus
c. Rat d. Kangaroo rat
Q108. Condensation takes place only when

a. water vapour hits a cold surface b. water vapour hits a hot surface
c. a hot surface hits a warm surface d. water is heated
Q109. Shorter line on battery symbol represents the

a. negative terminal b. positive terminal
c. resistance d. friction
Q110. Shape of a body with narrow pointed head and tail with wider middle portion is called
a. streamlined body b. oblongata
c. pointing d. oval shape
Q111. The shortest bone in the human body is present in __.

a.ear b.leg
c. eye d. hand
Q112. The longest and largest bone in the human body is __.
a. spinal cord b. humerus
c. fibula d. femur
Q113. Sweet potato is an example of a modified _____.

a. leaf b. root
c. stem d. branch
Q114. What are the most common elements in the human body?
a. sulphur, sodium, magnesium b. phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium
c. copper, zinc, selenium d. oxygen, carbon, hydrogen
Q115. An electric lamp glows due to

a. chemical effect b. magnetic effect
b. heating effect d. none

REASONING QUESTIONS
Q1.Why are “wet-wipes” banned in UK as a part of its long term environment plan?
Ans. Wet-wipes are mostly made of polyester. Thus it is a single use avoidable plastic waste. It contains
millions of micro-fibres impregnated with chemicals. When they are flushed into lavatories, they
end up clogging mains sewers. They slowly break down into micro plastics that are then ingested by
marine life, with deadly consequences.
Q2.Why have some birds opted for a taxing life of constant migration? Why don't they just stay in warm
places?
Ans. According to journal ‘ Nature Ecology and Evolution’, migratory birds return to their cold
northern hemisphere home to avoid competition for food with other species. According to zoology
department, University of Oxford “Birds don't like to fight for food; they distribute themselves in
an optimal way in terms of energy.”
Q3.Why is a three-legged stool sturdier?

Ans. The reason lies in the fact that it only takes three points to define a plane.
Any point that is added to that plane will make it harder and harder for the plane to be stable.
Triangles are sturdy/stable because they will always define a plane no matter where the vertices of
the triangle lie.
Q4.Why do high speed winds often lift off roofs of houses with tin or thatch roofs?
Ans. During a tornado or hurricane, when a high speed wind blows over a straw or tin roof, it creates a
low pressure (in accordance with Bernoulli’s principle).However the pressure below the roof is
still atmospheric so due to this difference of pressure the roof is lifted up and is then blown off by
the wind.
Q5.Yeast and some bacteria can live without oxygen. How do they survive without oxygen?
Ans. They live without oxygen by processes consists of alternative methods of glucose breakdown like
fermentation and anaerobic respiration to produce energy.
Q6.Why does our heart beat faster when we are anxious?

Ans. Anxiety and panic symptoms are natural responses to help your body escape from danger or harm.
When we are anxious, our body goes into “fight or flight” mode and releases adrenaline.
Adrenaline causes our heart to pump faster and irregularly to supply more oxygenated blood to
muscles.
Q7.Why do plants absorb a large quantity of water from the soil and then give it off by transpiration?
Ans. For photosynthesis stomata should be open. If stomata remains open transpiration takes place
continuously i.e. plants synthesize food on the cost of loss of water. When a plant pulls up water
from its roots, the water is pulled for minimal energy expenditure against gravity due to capillary
action and osmosis. In order to keep the water flowing upwards, the plant needs to lose water
through its leaves via transpiration and take in water through its roots. That is why plants absorb a
large quantity of water from the soil.

Q8.Why does cotton clothing wrinkle?

Ans. Cotton (like most plants) is made of a substance called cellulose, which contains hydrogen - an
essential ingredient in water. When this material is woven into a piece of apparel - like a shirt - the
hydrogen atoms are attracted to each other and form a bond.If you sweat, spend time in a humid
area, spill a liquid on yourself or wash your shirt, it wrinkles. It does this because the hydrogen
links in the cotton recombines with hydrogen atoms present in water, causing the fabric to bend
out of shape and form wrinkles in the cloth.
Q9. Why do tropical cyclones' winds rotate counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise
southern hemisphere?
Ans. The reason is that the earth's rotation sets up an apparent force (called the Coriolis force) that
pulls the winds to the right in the northern hemisphere (and to the left in the southern
hemisphere). So when a low pressure starts to form north of the equator, the surface winds will
flow inward trying to fill in the low pressure area and will be deflected to the right and a counter-
clockwise rotation will be initiated. The opposite, a deflection to the left and a clockwise rotation
will occur south of the equator.
Q10. Why is the eye of the hurricane/typhoon/cyclone the calmest part of the storm?
Ans. A hurricane's eye is found at the center of the hurricane and is20-50 km in diameter. The eye is the
focus of the hurricane, the point about which the rest of the storm rotates and where the lowest
surface pressures are found in the storm. The eye is so calm because the strong surface winds that
converge towards the center never reach it. The Coriolis force deflects the wind slightly away from
the center, causing the wind to rotate around the center of the hurricane (the eye wall), leaving the
exact center (the eye) calm.
Q11. Why does salt absorb moisture?

Ans. Salt absorbs water/moisture because it is an ionic compound with strong attractive forces for the
highly polar water molecules. This property means that salt is hygroscopic, meaning that it absorbs
both liquid water and water vapor in the air. This process is actually the same one that occurs
when salt is dissolved in water, except that in this case the salt predominates, so the interacting
particles maintain solidity.
Q12. Why do constellations look the same after several years even though all the stars are moving?
Ans. The motion of stars is quite small at a few tens of km/s. However, they are situated several light
years away from us, suppose a star is situated about 10 light years away from us and move at 10
km/s. Then, in 100 years, the movement is approximately 30 billion km. The distance of the star
from us in comparison is 90,000 billion kilometers. So its motion in 100 years is so small compared
to its distance that we see the star in the same spot in the sky. However, if one waits for a few
hundred thousand years, then one can definitely see the constellations change.
Q13. Why are conventional dry cleaners bad for the environment?
Ans. The problem with traditional dry cleaning is a liquid solvent called "perc," short for
perchloroethylene. Perchloroethylene (also known as tetrachloroethylene) is considered a toxic air
pollutant by the EPA*, it is suspected to cause cancer and other serious health effects.
*EPA:The Environmental Protection Agency, United States.

Q14. Why does a bird have a tail?

Ans. Tails are actually integral to bird’s flight. Tail feathers are analogous to the rudders of ships and
boats. They help them steer and maneuver while flying, as well as provide stability as they take-off
and land. By twisting its tail, the bird can change its direction mid-flight.To help the bird slow
down, the tail flares out downward, creating more drag and decrease the bird’s velocity. The tail
also helps the bird balance when it is perched on a branch and while the bird is soaring, it can
spread out its tail feathers behind it to create additional lift and stability. It can have other specific
functions in certain species.
Q15. Why do sumo wrestlers crouch down with their thighs, bottoms and huge tummies almost touching
the floor during a sumo fight?
Ans. During a sumo fight, wrestlers grab hold each other and try to push each other out of the ring or
onto the floor. A sumo wrestler try to defend himself against such moments of force* by crouch
down with his thighs, bottoms and huge tummy almost touching the floor thus lowering down his
centre of gravity.
*Moments of force
They both seek to use the leverage of their arms and legs to apply a force to their opponent and turn
them one way or another. This turning effect of a force is also known as the moment of a force.
Moments are measured in newton meters (Nm) and can be applied in either a clockwise or
anticlockwise direction. When the wrestlers push at each other in the ring and don’t move up or
down or backward or forwards, we can say they are balanced with clockwise moments equalling
anticlockwise moments.
Q16. Why do clocks go clockwise?

Ans. Some of the earliest timepieces were sundials. In the northern hemisphere, the shadow of the dial
traces clockwise as the sun moves through the sky, so when clocks were being developed in
medieval times, their hands were made to turn in the same direction.
Q17. Why are the flowers generally colourful and fragrant?

Ans. Flowers are the reproductive part of plant. They need vector to transfer their pollen grains. So, for
attracting insects, animals, human they are so colourful and fragrant.
Q18. Why is it so rare to experience a total solar eclipse?

Ans. A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes completely in front of the Sun, casting a
shadow that darkens a portion of the Earth. It is rare to experience a total solar eclipse because
of the relative size, distances and inclination of Earth, Sun and Moon.
A solar eclipse can be seen only if you are precisely “under” the Moon, because its shadow is not
very large (a few dozen kilometres) on earth. Since the Moon takes roughly one month to
complete a single orbit of the Earth, solar eclipses could theoretically happen once a month
but the moon’s orbit is inclined relative to the Earth’s equator. That means that most of the
time the moon eclipses the sun, the shadow it casts falls either above the Earth or below it.

Q19. Our nose is always in our field of vision. Why don’t we notice it all the time?
Ans. The mechanism called unconscious selective attention makes it so that our brain can ignore the
presence of our ever-visible nose. Our nose is always in our field of vision, but like countless other
unchanging sensory information, our brain filters it out and gives us something useful to look at.
Most of us don’t have a camera brain; we have sensors that send information to many parts of our
grey matter to develop composite images based on sensory information blips.
Q20. Why does a broken mirror show multiple images and not a single one?
Ans. In a broken mirror, the pieces of mirror are aligned at different angles. As light is reflected off a
mirror piece at the same angle as with which it hits the surface and the pieces have different
orientation, they will reflect different images.
Q21. Why do eagles fly in circles?

Ans. Eagles fly in circles for the same reason that glider/sailplane pilots do: they are trying to stay inside
a “thermal” to gain height without effort.On a sunny day the earth is heated unevenly. Darker
areas tend to get warmed more so the air over these areas rises. This rising air is called a thermal.
Inside the thermal the eagle is actually gliding downward but the air is rising faster so it slowly
gains height. Quite heavy sailplanes can rise at 5ms-1 in a good thermal.
Q22. Fuse wires or MCB (miniature circuit breakers) are not used in a circuit containing electric cells. Why?
Ans. Fuse wires orminiature circuit breakers are not used in a circuit containing electric cells because a
dry cell does not have a high amount of voltage and there is no danger.
Q23. Why should we save tigers?

Ans.The tiger is a unique animal which plays a pivotal role in the health and diversity of an ecosystem. It
is a top predator which is at the apex of the food chain and keeps the population of wild ungulates
in check, thereby maintaining the balance between prey herbivores and the vegetation upon which
they feed. Therefore, the presence of tigers in the forest is an indicator of the well being of the
ecosystem. The extinction of this top predator is an indication that its ecosystem is not sufficiently
protected, and neither would it exist for long thereafter.If the tigers go extinct, the entire system
would collapse.Another reason why we need to save the tiger is that our forests are water
catchment areas. Therefore, it’s not just about saving a beautiful animal. It is about making sure
that we live a little longer as the forests are known to provide ecological services like clean air,
water, pollination, temperature regulation, etc.
Q24. Why is humidity higher in summer?

Ans. Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air. When the air is warmer outside, it retains more
water vapor, and when the air is colder outside, the air does not retain as much water vapor. This
is the reason why the summer months are so humid and the winter months are so dry.
Q25. Why do we feel uncomfortable in humid climate?

Ans. As the water evaporates, it transfers the body's heat to the air. On dry days, sweat evaporates
quickly, which means it also carries away heat faster. On humid days, when the air is already
saturated with water, sweat evaporates more slowly. This explains why it feels uncomfortable in
high humidity.

Q26. What makes popcorn pop?

Ans. A popcorn kernel is actually a seed. At its centre is a tiny plant embryo, a life form in its earliest
phase. The embryo is surrounded by soft, starchy material that contains water. Surrounding the
embryo is a hard shell. When the kernel is heated to about 400 degrees Fahrenheit, the water turns
to steam. The pressure from the steam causes the kernel’s shell to explode and the starch to spill
out.
Q27. What causes lightning?

Ans. When air rises and falls within a thunderstorm, positive and negative charges form in the cloud.
The bottom of the thundercloud has a negative charge, and the top has a positive charge that
develops due to friction. A flash of lightning happens when a charge becomes so strong that the air
can’t stop the discharge between the cloud to the ground, which has a positive charge. Lightning
can also form inside the cloud, between two clouds moving between the positively and negatively
charged areas. The strong electric field causes the air around the cloud to "break down," allowing
current to flow in an attempt to neutralize the charges.
Q28. Why do I feel dizzy when I spin?

Ans. Inside your ears are tubes filled with fluid called endolymph. The fluids moves when you move,
telling your brain what position your body is in. When you spin, the fluid also spins. The fluid
continues to spin after you stop. Your brain thinks you’re still spinning, so you continue to feel
that everything is going in circles-until the fluid stops moving.
Q29. Why do leaves change color in the fall?

Ans. During the fall and winter, there isn’t enough light or water for photosynthesis to occur, so the
chlorophyll begins to fade way. As the green disappears, the other colors begin to emerge. These
colors were present in the leaves all along, but they were dominated by the chlorophyll pigment.
Q30. Why does my hair stand on end when I take off my hat on a cold, dry day?
Ans. As you remove your hat, electrons are transferred from hat to hair due to friction. Objects
with the same charge repel each other. Because they have the same charge, your hair will stand on
end. Your hair stands are simply trying to get as far away from each other as possible.
Q31. How does a plane takeoff and fly?

Ans. A plane's engines are designed to move it forward at high speed. That makes air flow rapidly over
the wings, which throw the air down toward the ground, generating an upward force called lift
that overcomes the plane's weight and holds it in the air. So it's the engines that move a
plane forward, while the wings move it upward. Airplane wings have a curved upper surface and a
flatter lower surface, making a cross-sectional shape called an airfoil (aerofoil). When air rushes
over the curved upper wing surface, it has to travel further than the air that passes underneath, so
it has to go faster (to cover more distance in the same time). According to a principle of
aerodynamics called Bernoulli's law, fast-moving air is at lower pressure than slow-moving air, so
the pressure above the wing is lower than the pressure below, and this creates the lift that powers
the plane upward.

Q32. How do scientists know how to make a flu vaccine if viruses can be different every year?
Ans. The flu virus changes every year. However, scientists gather information about virus mutations, or
changes, before the flu-virus season begins. This lets them predict what each year’s flu virus might
look like. Based on that, a vaccine is made that we hope will be accurate enough to help people
fight off major cases of the flu.
Q33. Why are stem cells called magic seeds?

Ans. Stem cells are the cells that grow, divide, and mature into all the other specialized cells in our body
(brain, muscle, heart, nerves, blood etc.) These powerful cells are the only ones in the body that
can generate different types of cells. Without them, we wouldn’t be nearly as complex or
functional as human beings. You see, stem cells can also replicate into more healthy cells,
speeding up regeneration after disease, or curing illnesses previously thought “untreatable”.Stem
cells have the potential to save human lives. Stem cells show promise in being able to one day be
able to treat and cure many illnesses and diseases, such as Alzheimer's, diabetes, Parkinson's,
spinal cord injuries and other medical conditions.
Q34. What causes thunder?

Ans. When a bolt of lightning shoots through the atmosphere, it heats the air to an amazing 50,000
degrees fahrenheit in a fraction of a second. The superheated air rapidly expands, cools and then
contracts, causing shock waves. These shock waves create sound waves, which we hear as thunder.
Q35. Why don't the oceans freeze?

Ans. In the Arctic and Antarctic, the oceans do freeze. The ice cap at the North Pole is entirely over
ocean; the ice, however, is only a few feet deep. Oceans don't freeze solid for because they contain
a lot of water, which is constantly circulating around the world. In addition, water flowing from
warmer oceans (and from areas near underground volcanoes) takes off some of the chill. Another
important factor is that oceans contain salt water, which has a higher freezing point than fresh
water.
Q36. Why do boats float?

Ans. A steel bar dropped into water sinks, but a huge boat made of steel floats. Why? Most of the space
in the boat is taken up by air. The air makes the boat less dense than water. Objects of lesser
density float on liquids of greater density. This is also why holes in the bottom of a boat cause it to
sink: as air rushes out of the boat and water rushes in, the overall density of the boat increases to
become more dense than the surrounding water.
Q37. Why does water, thrown at random, break itself into round drops? Why doesn't it happen with ice?
Ans. Water is a liquid substance. You know that a liquid can be easily broken into small parts. (Here,
parts do not mean molecules of the liquid. A small part of a liquid contains millions of molecules).
We can easily pour water from a glass, in small portions at a time. We cannot, however, do this for
a solid substance like ice. When cooled, water molecules get more and more bound to one another
and water freezes to ice. Once the ice is formed, we cannot easily separate the parts. To separate a
small piece of ice from a big chunk, one has to use an ice--pick or a hammer! If we throw a piece
of ice, it is not spilt into small parts since molecules in ice are strongly bound to one another.

However, when we throw water, it breaks into drops because molecules in water are loosely bound
and they get round shape due to surface tension .
Q38. Why does sound change continuously as a vessel is being filled up with water from a tap?
Ans. When a vessel is kept under a running tap, the sound coming from the vessel changes
continuously. It is bass (of low pitch) in the beginning and becomes shrill (of high pitch) as the
water fills up. The metal vibrates and gives off sound. As the water fills up, the metallic sound
becomes weaker. Apart from the metallic sound, another sound comes from the vessel. The water
jet striking the surface of water makes the air in the vessel vibrate. The column of air, from the
surface of the water to the mouth of the vessel, vibrates and produces sound. We hear changes in
this sound.
The sound, which is bass in the beginning, be-comes shrill as the water fills up the vessel. A bass
sound has low frequency. As the frequency increases, the sound becomes shriller. The frequency
of the sound produced by a vibrating air column depends upon its height (or length). A longer air
column produces sound of a lower frequency. As the water fills up the vessel, the air column
becomes shorter and shorter, and the fre-quency of the sound increases continuously. Therefore, a
sound of increasing frequency, or pitch, is produced as water fills up the vessel.
Q39. Why owl can see very well in the night but not during the day like other animals?
Ans. The owl has a large cornea and a large pupil to allow more light into the eye. It has large number
of rods on its retina and few cones that enables it to see properly in dim light or in dark.
Q40. Why do we need to earth electrical appliance?

Ans. The process of transferring the immediate discharge of the electrical energy directly to the earth by
the help of the low resistance wire is known as the electrical earthing. The electrical earthing is
done by connecting the non-current carrying part of the equipment or neutral of supply system to
the ground. If any fault occurs in the apparatus, the short-circuit current to pass the earth by the
help of wire. Thus, protect the system from damage. The earthing provides the easiest path to the
flow of short circuit current even after the failure of the insulation and protects the apparatus and
personnel from the high voltage surges and lightning discharge.
Q41. Why is a newly made quilt warmer than an old one?

Ans. Quilts are filled with fluffy cotton. Cotton has air trapped in it. Both cotton and air are bad
conductors of heat that provides insulation. A newly made quilt has more air trapped in it while in
old quilt, cotton gets compressed. So little air remains trapped in it .Thus it provides less insulation.
Q41. How does the anomalous expansion of water helps in preserving the aquatic life during vey cold
weather?
Ans. In cold weather, when the atmospheric temperature starts falling well below 0 oC in winter, the
water at the surface of a pond (or lake) initially at temperature above 4oC begins to impart heat to
the atmosphere, so the temperature of water starts falling. When temperature of water at the
surface falls, water contracts, so its density increases and therefore it sinks to the bottom. This
continues till the temperature of entire water reaches to 4oC. Now further cooling of top layers
below 4oC results in expansion of water and so its density decreases. As a result, water does not
sink further, but it remains on the surface. When the temperature of atmosphere falls below 0oC,

the water at the surface gradually freezes into ice, but the water well below the ice layer remains at
4oC. The water layer just in contact with ice will be at 0oC.The temperature of water below ice
remains at 40C.So aquatic creatures remain alive below frozen ice.
Q42. An unloaded ship is filled with sand at its bottom. Why?

Ans. It is dangerous for a ship to be too lightly loaded because then it floats with less volume inside
water. As a result, its centre of gravity is higher and it may get blown over on its sides by strong
winds. Therefore an unloaded ship is filled with sand or stones, called ballast, at its bottom. This
lowers its centre of gravity so that the equilibrium of the ship becomes more stable.
Q43. If a stone and a pencil are dropped simultaneously in vacuum from the top of a tower, which of the
two will reach the ground first? Why?
Ans. Both will reach the ground simultaneously, as acceleration due to gravity is same on both the
objects.
Q44. Why does a cat`s eyes glow in the dark?

Ans. A cat has more rod cells than cone cells on its retina . In the dark, it opens the eye aperture to the
fullest, to capture entire light. The light falls on a layer called Tapetum lucedum, formed mainly of
crystals, which scatters light in all directions, including within the cat`s eyes. As a result, the cat
sees reasonably well in the dark , and we can see its eyes shining.
Q45. Why do pigeons rub their beaks on themselves?

Ans. Pigeons –and ducks too-have special oil glands below their tail feathers. They rub their beaks on
this oil, then apply it over their feathers. This not only cleans them, but also keeps them
waterproof.
Q46. Why does the skin of your fingers shrink when you wash clothes for a long time?
Ans. Clothes are washed with soap or detergent solution. This solution is hypertonic as compared to
osmotic concentration of our skin cells. The washing solution , therefore, results in exosmosis in the
skin cells that come in contact with it for some time. This makes our skin shrink.
Q47. Why do pine trees stay green all year?

Ans. The leaves of pines and firs are needle like and covered by a waxy coating to prevent water loss by
transpiration .They do not need to drop their leaves in autumn because their water requirements
are low. When individual leaves do fall, new one replace them and the branches never look bare.
Q48. Why do we get thirsty?

Ans. Thirst is our body`s way to tell us to replenish its liquid supply. Thirst is caused by a change in the
salt content of our blood. There is certain normal amount of salt and water in our blood. When
there is more salt in relation to water in our blood, thirst results. The thirst centre of our brain
responds to amount of salt in our blood. When there is a change, it sends messages to the back of
the throat. From there, messages go to the brain, and it is this combination of feelings that makes
us feel thirsty.

Q49. What causes the noise when you crack a joint?

Ans. Synovial fluid present in your joints acts as a lubricant. The fluid contains the gases oxygen,
nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. When you pop or crack a joint, you stretch the joint capsule. Gas is
rapidly released causing the pop sound. In order to crack the same knuckle again, you have to wait
until the gases return to the synovial fluid.
Q50. Why does the moon appear in the daytime?

Ans. The visibility of the moon during the daytime also depends on its angle and its distance from Earth.
When the moon and sun are on the same side of Earth, the moon is visible during the day; when
the moon and sun are on opposite sides of the Earth, the moon is not visible during the day, as the
Earth is blocking sunlight from reaching the moon's surface.
Q51. Why is the ocean blue?

Ans. The ocean is not blue because the sky is blue, but it is blue for the same reason the sky is blue: The
ocean is blue because the wavelength of blue light is easily captured, whereas the wavelengths of
colours like red and orange are absorbed by the water and allowed to pass through it. In the words
of the science magazine Scientific American:
"The ocean looks blue because red, orange and yellow (long wavelength light) are absorbed more
strongly by water than is blue (short wavelength light). So when white light from the sun enters the
ocean, it is mostly the blue that gets returned. Same reason the sky is blue."
Q52. Why do cats always land on their feet?

Ans. Cats owe some of their nine lives to their unique skeletal structure. Cats don’t have a collarbone,
and the bones in their spine are more flexible than other animals. This makes it easier from them
to bend and rotate their bodies easier during a short fall. A fall of two or more floors, however, can
seriously injure a cat. A cat's feet and legs usually can’t absorb the impact of a fall from that
distance or higher.
Q53. Why do Boomerangs come back?

Ans. Boomerangs work on the same principles of aerodynamics as any other flying object; the key to
how a boomerang works is the airfoil.
An airfoil is flat on one side but curved on the other with one edge thicker than the other - this
subjects the boomerang to lift, keeping it in the air. The lift is generated because the air flowing up
over the curve of the wing has further to travel than the air flowing past the flat side. The air
moving over the curve travels faster in order to reach the other side of the wing, creating lift.
A boomerang has two airfoils, each facing in a different direction. This makes the aerodyamic
forces acting on a thrown boomerang uneven. The section of the boomerang moving in the same
direction as the direction of forward motion moves faster than the section moving in the opposite
direction. Just like tank tracks moving at different speeds, this causes the boomerang to turn in the
air and return to the thrower.
Q54. What is the Sound Barrier?

Ans. The sound barrier is broken by any vehicle exceeding the speed of sound: 660mph. Once thought to
be an impossible speed, Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier with the Bell X-1 rocket plant in
1947. As an object moves through the air, it pushes nearby air molecules causing a domino-effect

on surrounding molecules. This causes a pressure wave that can be interpreted as 'sound.' As a
plane approaches the speed of sound, its pressure waves stack up ahead of it to form a massive
area of pressurized air that we call a shock wave. These shock waves are heard as sonic booms.
Q55. How do airplanes fly upside down if it's the shape of the
wings that make them fly?
Ans. The way a wing is tilted is the main thing that makes a
plane fly, and not the wing's shape. The angle of attack is
the angle between the axis of the wing and the direction of
incoming air. The angle of attack for the wings is what
creates most of the lift. If the top of the wing is more curved
than the bottom of the wing, then air pressure does indeed
decrease over the wing and help to suck up the wing. But this is not the main effect. When a wing is
tilted with the leading edge up relative to the incoming wind, the air tends to pile up under the wing,
causing high pressure that pushes the wing up. The wing is riding on top of a bubble of dense air.
Stunt planes that are meant to fly upside down have symmetrical wings. They don't rely at all on
wing shape for lift. To fly upside down, a stunt plane just tilts its wings in the right direction.
Q56. Why doesn't the planet Uranus explode if it contains so much hydrogen and methane?
Ans. The planet Uranus indeed contains a significant amount of hydrogen and methane, both highly
flammable gases. However, the burning of methane or hydrogen requires oxygen. Simply put, there
is no free oxygen on the planet Uranus.
The atmosphere of the planet Uranus contains mostly hydrogen, helium, and methane. Interestingly, the
methane in the atmosphere is what gives Uranus its distinctive blue color. Since Uranus contains
effectively zero free oxygen, the hydrogen and methane in the atmosphere does not burn or explode.
Q57. What made the hole in the ozone go away?

Ans. The hole in the ozone over Antarctica still exists, but it is no longer the threat it once was according
to an October 2012 NASA press release. According to NASA, the hole appears and disappears every
year due to a complex interplay of seasonal weather patterns. Ozone blocks most of the harmful
ultraviolet rays from the sun, which would otherwise reach earth's surface and cause more skin
cancer. The hole in the ozone, which in reality is more like a region of partial depletion than a
complete hole, was dangerously increasing in size in the 1980's and 1990's. Research indicated that
use of man-made CFC chemicals such as found in aerosol cans contributed to depleting the ozone.
As a result the U.S. banned the use of CFC's in aerosol cans in 1978. Other countries have imposed
similar CFC bans and efforts to enact additional bans are under way. As a consequence of these
legal measures, the hole in the ozone stopped expanding from year to year and is slowly shrinking
back to its 1980's state.

Q58. How do some parts of the human body get oxygen directly from the air and not from the blood?
Ans. Upper-layer skin cells and the cells in the front surface of the eyes get a significant amount of
oxygen directly from the air rather than from the blood. Human bodies have a huge demand for
oxygen. As a result, the oxygen that is able to passively diffuse into the body directly from the air is
not nearly enough to run the whole body. Fortunately, we have lungs that can actively pull in
oxygen and transfer it to the blood, allowing the body to transport oxygen to the cells by using the
blood like a fleet of delivery trucks. Most of our cells rely on the blood delivery service. However, the
cells in the outer layers or our skin and eyes are in direct contact with the atmosphere and can
efficiently get their oxygen right from the air.
Q59. Why don't dogs sweat?

Ans. Dogs do sweat. Sweating is a physiological response to heat where sweat glands secrete salty water.
When the water evaporates, it takes energy with it, cooling down the organism in the process.
Although dogs don't sweat profusely and visibly the way humans do, they definitely have sweat
glands that secrete sweat in response to heat. The problem is that most dogs are covered with a thick
coat of fur, so sweat secreted where there is fur would get trapped in the fur, fail to evaporate, and
therefore fail to cool the dog down much. As a result, it is far more efficient for dogs to have sweat
glands where there is little fur. For this reason, most of a dog's sweat glands are located on the pads
of its feet and on its nose. On a hot day you may notice a dog leaving behind a trail of wet footprints
as it walks across a smooth, dry surface.
Q60. Why don't dark-skinned people get sunburns?

Ans. Dark-skinned people do get sunburns. While it's true that the higher pigment levels that make
certain people's skin look dark helps protect against sunlight, the pigments do not block 100% of the
light. The skin pigment melanin is produced by special skin cells called melanocytes to protect the
body from the damaging effects of ultraviolet light. Higher levels of melanin means less sunburn
and less skin cancer
Q61. Why are lichens important for the environment?

Ans. They have the ability to separate the minerals by eroding rocks. Therefore, they also grow on empty
rocks. Because of its death and dissolution, there becomes a fold of mineral and organic matter on
which other plants can grow. Thus, they produce suitable conditions for other plants to grow on
rocks.
- In the Tundra regions, lichens are available in abundance.
- They also contribute in the formation of soil by enriching it by trapping water, dust and silt. Also,
when lichens die they contribute organic matter to the soil, which further improves the quality of the
soil so that more plants can grow.
- Lichen also plays an important role in fixing nitrogen. Due to their cooperation with algae, lichens
are capable of converting nitrogen from the air into nitrate, which leads to their development. This
conversion of nitrogen impacts the ecosystem because when it rains, nitrates are leached from
lichens and is used by soil-based plants.
- Lichen needs clean air to grow. They are not able to tolerate pollution. Therefore, to grow they

absorb everything from the air including carbon dioxide and heavy metals. Scientists can determine
the level of air pollution in the area with the help of lichens and if lichens are dying in one site due
to harmful pollution, it can be considered as the initial warning or signal that the level of pollution
is increasing at that place.
Q62. How are GM crops created?

Ans. Genetically modified foods arefoods produced from organisms that have had changes introduced
into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering as opposed to traditional cross breeding.
Q63. What is the difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure?
Ans. There are two types of blood pressure: Systolic blood pressure refers to the pressure inside your
arteries when your heart is pumping; diastolic pressure is the pressure inside your arteries when
your heart is resting between beats.Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
and recorded with the systolic number first, followed by the diastolic number. For example, a
normal blood pressure would be recorded as something under 120/80 mm Hg.
Q64. What causes a tsunami?

Ans. A tsunami is a series of long, high sea waves caused by a disturbance in the water. This disturbance
can come about in many ways such as an earthquake, landslide, volcanic eruption, or meteorite.
The size of the wave is dependent on the physical features of the coastline and the ocean floor.
Q65. Why are animals bigger in colder climates?

For many types of animals, it pays to be bigger in the colder climates that exist at high latitudes and
altitudes. Heftier animals have a smaller surface area-to-volume ratio, which helps reduce heat loss
— a pattern known as Bergmann's Rule.
Q66. Who are vyomanauts?

Ans. Its origins are from Sanskrit word "vyoman" meaning sky, so Vyomanaut crudely means one who
travels in the sky(intended meaning is space).
Q67. What is ‘Chandrayaan-2’?

Ans. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) announced that India’s second lunar mission
Chandrayaan-2. It is scheduled to be launched between July 9 and 16 2019. The Chandrayaan-2’s
lander will touch down near Moon’s south pole on 6th September 2019.
Q68. What is the purpose of Chandrayaan 2?

Ans. The primary objective of Chandrayaan-2 is to demonstrate the ability to soft-land on the lunar
surface and operate a robotic rover on the surface. Scientific goals include studies of lunar
topography, mineralogy, elemental abundance, the lunar exosphere, and signatures of hydroxyl and
water ice.

Q69. Assuming most birds have pretty short life spans, what happens when they die? How come we
don’t see thousands of bird carcasses lying around?
Ans. It's only because living birds are so conspicuous that it seems strange not to see them
when dead. Birds don’t usually drop dead in mid-flight – they die in their nest or are caught and
eaten, much like other small animals.
Q70. Why icebergs floating in the sea are dangerous for ships?
Ans. Only 10%(approx) of the total volume of the iceberg is above the water surface so they are
dangerous for ships.
Q71. Why is it easier to lift a heavy stone under water?

Ans. Heavy stones do have larger volume so they experience more buoyant force(upthrust) from the
water.
Q72. Why scissors for cutting cloths have blades longer than its handles?
Ans. Longer handle reduces the effort for the same load.
Q73. Why is it easier to open a door by applying the force at the free end of it ?
Ans. More is the distance from the hinge less is the force required for opening the door. So it is easier
to apply force at the open end.
Q74. Standing passengers are sometimes allowed on the lower deck of a bus but not on the upper deck.
Why?
Ans. At the lower floor lesser jerk is experienced so they are allowed on the lower deck of the bus.

Latest Developments
1. Ingestible ‘Bacteria on a Chip’ could help diagnose
diseases
May 24, 2018, MIT researchers have developed and
build an ingestible sensor equipped with genetically
engineered bacteria that can diagnose bleeding in the
stomach or other gastrointestinal problems.
2. Tiny Battery- Microbatteries

On June 18, 2013, it was announced that a team of
researchers at Harvard and the University of Illinois
were able to synthesize a lithium-ion battery smaller
than a grain of sand and less than the width of a human
hair.
3. World’s Oldest Lizard Fossil discovered

The 240-million-year-old fossil, Megachirella wachtleri, is
the most ancient ancestor of all modern lizards and snakes
known as squamates have been identified as the world’s
oldest lizard fossil.
4. Electrofuels- Charged microbes may ‘poop out’ a

gasoline alternative
To produce electrofuels, researchers feed carbon dioxide
to microorganisms and run an electrical current through
the tank in which they are grown. These electrofuel
microbes are derived from exotic bacteria that live
underground or in other places such as geothermal springs
where photosynthesis does not occur.
5. First 3D Printed Human Cornea

May 29, 2018, stem cells from a healthy donor cornea are mixed together
with alginate and collagen to create a solution i.e. bio-ink that can be
successfully extruded in concentric circles to form the shape of a human
cornea through a simple 3D printer in less than 10 minutes.

6. Soaking up the Water and Sweat- A New Super Dessicant

May 31, 2018, scientists have developed a new carbon-based material
that could revolutionize moisture control in applications as diverse as
electronics, packaging and air conditioning and which can even be used
to keep footwear fresh. The new super dessicant, made from graphene
oxide, significantly outperforms the current drying agents and is twice as
absorbant as the industry standard, silica gel.
7. Metallic Hydrogen as Superconductor

January 27, 2017, for the first time in the world, scientists have
created metallic hydrogen by applying almost 5 million
atmospheres of pressure to liquid hydrogen. In its metallic state,
hydrogen can act as a genuine superconductor.
8. Non-Toxic Sterilizing Spray invented

A special glass coating known as ‘SiO2 (silicon dioxide) ultra
thin layering’ that protects practically any surface against
water, UV radiation, acid, stains, heat, etc. has been invented.
The coating is environment friendly and can be applied within
seconds to make any surface easy to clean and safe from
microbes.
9. Nobel Prize 2018

The Nobel Prize in Physics – Gérard Mourou, Arthur Ashkin, Donna
Strickland "for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics"
with one half to Arthur Ashkin "for the optical tweezers and their
application to biological systems", the other half jointly to Gérard
Mourou and Donna Strickland "for their method of generating high-
intensity, ultra-short optical pulses."
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry – George Smith, Frances Arnold, Gregory

Winter
Frances H. Arnold “for the directed evolution of enzymes” and George Smith
Gregory Winter “for the phage display of peptides and antibodies”

10. Nipah Virus

It is a zoonotic virus, which means it spreads from
animals to humans and infects both. Nipah likes to
live in fruit bats, its natural host. Eating certain
foods specially fruit such as raw date palm sap,
that are contaminated with urine or saliva from
infected fruit bats has been the most likely source
of infection in recent outbreaks.
11. Indians produce boron nanosheets as thin as graphene

RESEARCHERS at Indian Instituteof Technology Gandhinagar have produced one of thinnest
materials ever known to humankind.
Kabeer Jasuja, an assistant professor of Chemical Engineering, along with two of his research
students, has synthesized nanosheets—which are 100,000 times thinner than a sheet of paper—made up
of boron. “The rich chemistry of boron is expected to make these nanosheets useful for not only storing
energy but also for generating energy in a green way,” said Jasuja. “We are now working towards
utilising these nanosheets for developing the next generation batteries and nanocatalysts,” he said.
12. Feeding microbes for health

Studies in the past have shown that eating high-fibre diets is beneficial especially for those who suffer
from diabetes and other metabolic disorders. Now a team of researchers from China has not only
figured out why this is so but has gone a step further to identify a bunch of tummy microbes that could
extend a helping hand in managing chronic diseases like diabetes better.
Foods that are extremely rich in fibre are traditionally derived from plants. Highly processed foods, on
other hand, contain little or no fibre. It is said that regular consumption of processed food results in the
loss of many beneficial microbes.
Scientists from several Chinese institutions, led by Liping Zhao, a microbiologist at Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, found that these gut bacteria metabolise hard-to-digest carbohydrates to produce
short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which provide energy to colon cells, mitigate inflammation and help
regulate hunger.
A high-fibre diet significantly reduces blood sugar levels and body weight as compared to the standard
diet.
13. A pill to detect breast cancer

Scientists have developed a pill that can make a breast cancer diagnosis that is more effective than
mammograms. It makes tumours light up when exposed to infrared light.
The move could also catch cancers that would have gone undetected. Researchers used a dye that
responds to infrared light to tag a molecule commonly found on tumour cells in the blood vessels that
feed tumours and in inflamed tissue. By providing specific information on the types of molecules on the
surface of the tumour cells, physicians can better distinguish a malignant cancer from a benign tumour.

14. Boost for protection: Scientists sequence peacock genome

In a major breakthrough , researchers at IISER, Bhopal, have been successful in sequencing the
complete genome of Indian peacock, which according to the scientists will go a long way in protecting
the population of the national bird. The scientists have found out the candidate genes which are
responsible for feather patterning which makes the peacock as the most beautiful bird on the planet.
They have also found that it has a robust immune system which helps it to fight diseases and helps it to
live longer. Besides this , the study will help in devising better strategies for management and
conservation of peacock population.
15. 3-D visualization and augmented reality for surgeries

Surgeons rely on microscope oculars or other camera systems to operate. However, they typically
depend on their own eyes and interpretations to execute the most precise tasks — with their heads
down, peripheral vision limited, and back and neck muscles strained. Those who have piloted the
technology say the added comfort and visual information will allow surgeons to operate more
efficiently and effectively. Several hospitals will be adopting these virtual reality tools.
16. Cellular Immunotherapy to treat Leukemia and lymphoma

One of the first cellular immunotherapies for leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphomas is about to hit the
market. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies are a type of immunotherapy where a patient’s
immune system T-cells are removed and genetically reprogrammed to seek and destroy tumor cells.
Results have been impressive. Some studies focusing on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have
reported a remission rate of 90 percent. This groundbreaking treatment is expected to be presented to
the FDA in 2017 for treatment of ALL. That could trigger a wave of approvals for other blood cancers
and lymphomas as well. Cellular immunotherapy could one day replace chemotherapy and its lifetime
side effects.
17. World's 'Most Advanced' Camera Will Hunt for Alien Worlds
A new type of camera developed by U.S. researchers will allow astronomers to directly image planets
around nearby stars in the search for another Earth.
The camera, called DARKNESS (the DARK-speckle Near-infrared Energy-resolved Superconducting
Spectrophotometer), relies on extremely sensitive superconductor detectors to gather light from distant
worlds.
According to physicist Ben Mazin, from the University of California and Santa Barbara, who led the
team developing the camera, current optical and near-infrared telescopes use cameras with semi-
conductor detectors. The same type of camera is found in cellular phones and digital cameras.
18. Atmospheric seasons could signal alien life

Researchers are using seasonal changes in the Earth's atmosphere to guide their search for life outside
the solar system. Dozens of potentially habitable planets have been discovered outside our solar
system, and many more are awaiting detection.
The hunt for life in these places, which are impossible to visit in person, will begin with a search for
biological products in their atmospheres. These atmospheric fingerprints of life, called bio signatures,

will be detected using next-generation telescopes that measure the composition of gases surrounding
planets that are light years away.
As Earth orbits the sun, its tilted axis means different regions receive more rays at different times of the
year. The most visible signs of this phenomenon are changes in the weather and length of the days, but
atmospheric composition is also impacted. For example, in the Northern Hemisphere, which contains
most of the world's vegetation, plant growth in summer results in noticeably lower levels of carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere. The reverse is true for oxygen.
In the paper, the researchers identify the opportunities and pitfalls associated with characterizing the
seasonal formation and destruction of oxygen, carbon dioxide, methane, and their detection using an
imaging technique called spectroscopy. They also modeled fluctuations of atmospheric oxygen on a
life-bearing planet with low oxygen content, like that of Earth billions of years ago. A potentially
powerful way to assess exoplanets for inhabitation would be to observe their atmospheres throughout
their orbits
19. Biologists 'transfer' a memory through RNA injection

Research in marine snails could lead to new treatments to restore memories and alter traumatic ones
Biologists report they have transferred a memory from one marine snail to another, creating an
artificial memory, by injecting RNA from one to another. This research could lead to new ways to treat
traumatic memories with RNA -- perhaps a traumatic memory could be altered -- and perhaps new
ways to restore lost memories. RNA, or ribonucleic acid, has been widely known as a cellular
messenger that makes proteins and carries out DNA's instructions to other parts of the cell. It is now
understood to have other important functions besides protein coding, including regulation of a variety
of cellular processes involved in development and disease.
In the future, Glanzman said, it is possible that RNA can be used to awaken and restore memories that
have gone dormant in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. He and his colleagues published
research in the journal eLife indicating that lost memories can be restored.
20. Generating hydrogen fuel through artificial photosynthesis

A new, stable artificial photosynthesis device doubles the efficiency of harnessing sunlight to break
apart both fresh and salt water, generating hydrogen that can then be used in fuel cells.
The device could also be reconfigured to turn carbon dioxide back into fuel.
Hydrogen is the cleanest-burning fuel, with water as its only emission. But hydrogen production is not
always environmentally friendly. Conventional methods require natural gas or electrical power. The
method advanced by the new device, called direct solar water splitting, only uses water and light from
the sun.
The device is made from the same widely used materials as solar cells and other electronics, including
silicon and gallium nitride (often found in LEDs). With an industry-ready design that operates with just
sunlight and seawater, the device paves the way for large-scale production of clean hydrogen fuel.

21. Bat Suit

Have you ever wanted to leave the ground and
soar like a bird -- or perhaps a bat? In January
2012, a Connecticut-based inventor was granted a
patent for what the application describes as "a
completely dynamic human powered flying suit"
that is modeled after the bat's style of aviation.
The inventor explains in the patent application
that bats are fellow mammals and the flying
creatures "most closely related to human beings."
The device consists of a pair of strap-on batlike
wings with rigid and non-rigid portions that can
be manipulated by the wearer once aloft. Initially
getting off the ground is a bit trickier: Unlike bats,
who simply do what comes naturally, the wearer
of the flying suit would have to be towed, or ride on a bicycle, skis or rollerblades down an incline and
then assume a leaning-forward flying posture and leap into the air at the appropriate moment.
22. Enzymes to Create Universal Blood Type

Now scientists from the University of British Columbia
claim that they have identified from the human gut
enzymes that can turn type A and B blood into O, the
universal blood type, 30 times more efficiently than the
previously studied enzymes. These findings have been
reported in “Nature Microbiology”.
If we can remove those antigens, which are just simple
sugars, then we can convert A or B to O blood
23. A New Knee Bone

Textbooks tell you that the human skeleton has 206
bones. A new study from Imperial College London
says there could soon be 208. A tiny knee bone
called fabella, with no apparent function, believed to
be lost in evolution, seems to have re-emerged. A
mystery knee-bone arthritis which has increased
threefold over the last 100 years may be linked to the
fabellae and should be taken into account in treating
patients with knee problems and pain, the authors
say.
Known to be rare in humans in recent history, The
fabella is buried in a tendon behind the knee. Based
on 21,676 individual knee studies over 150 years in
27 countries, the research has shown that between
1918 and 2018, the rate of fabellae occurrence in humans increased more than threefold.
24. A New Protein that Glows

Biophysicists from the Moscow Institute of Physics and
Technology (MIPT), together with researchers from France
and Germany, have created a new miniature fluorescent
protein which glows when ultraviolet and blue light are
shone on it. It is also stable at high temperatures. The work
has been published in the journal “Photochemical &
Photobiological Sciences”. According to the authors, this
protein holds promise for fluorescence microscopy which is
used in research on cancer, infectious diseases and organ
development, among other things.
25. GMO
A genetically modified organism, or GMO, is an
organism that has had its DNA altered or modified in
some way through genetic engineering.
In most cases, GMOs have been altered with DNA from
another organism, be it a bacterium, plant, virus or
animal; these organisms are sometimes referred to as
"transgenic" organisms. Genetics from a spider that
helps the arachnid produce silk, for example, could be
inserted into the DNA of an ordinary goat.
It sounds far-fetched, but that is the exact process used
to breed goats that produce silk proteins in their goat
milk, Science Nation reported. Their milk is then
harvested, and the silk protein is then isolated to make a
lightweight, ultrastrong silk material with a wide range
of industrial and medical uses.

INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES

Q. 1 His main discoveries include the principle underlying electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism,
and electrolysis. He also created the first generator.
Ans. Michael Faraday
Q. 2 They were the first to describe antibiosis (phenomena of antibiotic drug) in 1877.
Ans. Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch.
Q. 3 He was a science-fiction writer who coined the term “ROBOTICS”.

Ans. Isaac Asimov
Q. 4 He is a British Computer Scientist better known as the father of the World Wide Web (WWW).
Ans. Tim Berners-Lee
Q. 5 In 1884, he created and patented the first television which he called the electromechanical
television system.
Ans. Paul Gottlieb Nipkow
Q.6 In 1543, while on his deathbed, he published his theory that the sun is at the centre of the solar
system with the planets revolving around it.
Ans. Nicholas Copernicus
Q. 7 He was the first to describe a very accurate and efficient diagnostic tool in medicine, the
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technique.
Ans. Isidor Rabi
Q.8 In 1927, he proposed the Big Bang Theory which says that the universe is expanding.
Ans. Georges LeMaitre
Q.9 In 1983 and 1985, they discovered the HIV virus and determined that it was the cause of AIDS.
Ans. Luc Montagnier and Robert Gallo
Q.10 He was the first to say that the Earth as a whole behaves like a huge bar magnet with its
magnetic poles near the geographic poles.
Ans. William Gillbert
Q.11 He was a English physicist who said that neutrons are the uncharged elementary particles of
slightly greater mass than the proton.
Ans. James Chadwick
Q.12 He is regarded as the father of the Quantum Theory and received the Nobel Prize in Physics, in
1918 for his work on blackbody radiations.
Ans. Max Planck

Q.13 He coined the term Artificial Intelligence in the year 1955 and is regarded as the father of
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.
Ans. John McCarthy
Q.14 They founded GOOGLE in 1998 while doing their Ph.D at Stanford University, California.
Ans. Larry Page and Sergey Brin
Q.15 He was an English physician and scientist who was the pioneer of smallpox vaccine, the
world’s first vaccine. He is also regarded as the father of Immunology.
Ans. Edward Jenner
Q.16 Who invented electric vacuum cleaner?

Ans. Murray Spangler
Q. 17 Who created Pseudomonas putida (the oil eating becteria)?

Ans. Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty
Q.18. Who invented 'automatic sluice gates’ and ‘block irrigation system’ in India?
Ans. Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya
Q.19 Who is known as the father of Indian nuclear power?

Ans. Dr. Homi Jahangir Bhabha
Q.20 Who invented crescograph which measured plant response to various stimuli and hypothesized that
plants can feel pain and understand affection?
Ans. Jagadish Chandra Bose

NOTABLE INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES
S.No. Discovery/ Invention Name of the scientist/ person

1 ATM John Shepherd-Barron
2 Refrigerator James Harrison
4 Automobile Karl Benz
5 Airplane Wright Brothers
6 Air Conditioning System Willis Carrier
7 Anesthesia Henry Bigelow
8 Periodic Table Dmitry Mendeleev
9 Thermometer Galileo Galilei
10 Antiseptic Joseph Lister
11 Computers Charles Babbage
12 Electronic mail Ray Tomlison
13 Oxygen Joseph Priestley

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SCIENCE QUIZ – 2019 – 2020

CLASS LEVEL VI – VIII

Answer in one word

Q4. Which blood type lacks antigens?

Q7. Which refrigerant has replaced freon-12 in eco-friendly refrigerators?

Q10. Name the protein that is primary component of your nails.

Q11. Do pencils have element lead?

Q12. What is the source of arrowroot powder, a common cooking ingredient?

Q13. What is talcum powder made from?

Q14. What does RCC stands for?

Ans. Reinforced Cement Concrete

Q15. What does acronym TMT refer to regarding construction bars?

Q16. The caution symbol shown below is the indicator of_________

Ans. Biological hazard

Q19. Mobile phone batteries get charged with AC or DC current-

Q20. What is the nature of the human eye lens?

Q22. Name the phenomenon responsible for sparkling of diamond.

Q23. What is the SI unit of electric current?

Q24. What is the SI unit of pressure?

Q26. Name the metal present in vitamin B12.

Science Quiz 2019 Page 2

Q29. Chemical decomposition of an organic compound by water is called__________

Q30. What provides tomatoes their red colour?

Q31. Orange colour of carrots is due to presence of a colouring pigment ______

Q33. What is the botanical name for opium?

Q37. The amount of matter present in a ball of steel called _______

Q38. Which gas is released from paddy fields and marshes?

Q39. Name the largest blood vessel in human body.

Q41. Which chemical is used for bleaching paper pulp?

Science Quiz 2019 Page 3

Q42. On what principle is the working of a rocket based?

Q44. Name the chemical used to make toothpaste white.

Q46. Name the alkaloid that is contained in cola drinks.

Q47. Which physical quantity can be detected using Galvanometer/Millimeter?

Q48. What imparts brown colour to human faces?

Q49. Which element is used in the making of microchips?

Q50. What is the percentage of blood present in human body by weight?

Q53. To which organism scientific name Rana tigrina refers?

Q56. Pollination by birds is called:

Science Quiz 2019 Page 4

Q57. How many incisor teeth are present in rabbit?

Q58. During daylight, which colour is most sensitive to human eye?

Q62. Which metal is obtained from the mineral malachite?

Q64. What is the mass in grams of one cubic centimetre of water?

Q65. What is the name of the first atomic-powered submarine?

Q69. At what temperature in degree celsius is the density of water maximum?

Science Quiz 2019 Page 5

Q70. Which household heating fuel also powers jet planes?

Q71. Name the most abundant gas in the earth's atmosphere.

Q74. Which biological polymer is present in paper?

Q75. Which chemical is called Chile Salt peter?

Q76. What is table sugar?

Q78. Name the unit in which nuclear sizes are measured.

Q82. To which disease Human papilloma virus is related?

Science Quiz 2019 Page 6

Q86. Which compound is used in anti-malarial drug?

Q87. Which vitamin hastens healing of wound?