S.N. Description Length Breadth Height Unit wt.

1 Building dimension 13 7
2 Opening Size 1 2
3 Thickness of slab 200
4 Slab dimension 14 8
5 RC concrete 25
6 Ht. of building 9.6
7 IMPOSED Load on 1st & 2nd Floor
8 Dead Load on Roof
9 Wind Pressure
10 CMU dimension 390 190 190 30
11 Total Length of wall 45.86
12 f'uc
13 f'mt
14 fy
15
16
Load (kPa) Unit Remarks
m
m
mm
M
KN/m3
m
3 kPa
1 kPa
1.5 kPa
mm ts=30mm
m
15
0.3
450
Considering Hollow Block
material of (390*190*190) 2.1 KN/m2 from Table A2 AS/NZS 1170.1.2002
GROOF 6 KN/m2
QROOF 0 KN/m2
G2_FLOOR 5 KN/m2
Q2_FLOOR 3 KN/m2
G1_FLOOR 5 KN/m3
Q1_FLOOR 3 KN/m2

Step 1:
Form 3-storey Masonry Storage Building
Material: Masonry

Step 2:
Building Type: Normal Storage Building
Structural Importance Level: 2 Table 3.2: AS/NZS 1170.0:2002
Annual probability of Exceedence: 1/250 Table 3.3: AS/NZS 1170.0:2002
kp : 0.75 Table 3.1: AS 1170.4:2018
Z: 0.22 Table 3.2: AS 1170.4:2018

Step 3: Determination of Ks
Soft Cohesive Soil- Class Ee Table 4.1: AS 1170.4:2018

Table 5.4: AS 1170.4:2018

Storey Ks
3 5.5
2 3.6
1 1.8
Building Height: 9.6 m<12m [Hence use, simplified method EDCII, AS1170.4-2018]
Fi= Ks[kpZSp/𝜇]Wi

Step 4: Determination of vertical loads (Lumped Mass)

Location G (KN) Q(KN) m=W=G+0.6Q (KN) φE=0.6 From Table 4.2 AS1170.0.200
Roof
Slab 672 0
Wall 140.259 - 812.259
Total (m3) 812.259 0
1 Floor
st
Slab 560 336
Wall 272.118 -
Total (m2) 832.118 336 1033.718
Ground Floor
Slab 560 336
Wall 272.118 -
Total (m1) 832.118 336 1033.718

Step 5: Distributing Base shear into ground floor (In Plane Shear Load in X- direction)
URM
Sp: 0.77 From Table 6.5(A): AS1170.4.2007
𝜇 1.25 From Table 6.5(A): AS1170.4.2007
Fi= Ks[kpZSp/𝜇]Wi
(kpZSp/𝜇) 0.10

E3: 454.07 KN
E2: 378.24 KN
E1: 189.12 KN
Base Shear: 1021.43 KN

RM
𝜇 1.50 From Table 6.5(A): AS1170.4.2007
(kpZSp/𝜇) 0.08
E3: 378.39 KN
E2: 315.20 KN
E1: 157.60 KN 283.73093133
Base Shear: 851.19 KN 425.596396995

For URM
Wall Li (m) Si-1 (m) L3i (m3) L3iSi-1 (m4) L3i/ΣL3i P*L3i/ΣL3i
AD 7.00 0 343.00 0.00 0.33 340.48
EF 7.00 6.45 343.00 2212.35 0.33 340.48
BC 7.00 12.9 343.00 4424.70 0.33 340.48
Σ 1029.00 6637.05 1021.43
Torsional Ecentricity
"e=0.5max (" 𝑆_(𝑖−1))−(∑ 〖𝐿 _𝑖 〗 ^3
𝑆_(𝑖−1))/(∑ 〖𝐿 _𝑖 〗 ^3 ) " "

e 0.00 m

Step 5: In Plane Shear Load in Y-direction) for URM

Wall Li (m) Si-1 (m) L3i (m3) L3iSi-1 (m4) L3i/ΣL3i P*L3i/ΣL3i
DF 6.50 0 274.63 0.00 0.43 443.49
FC 6.50 0 274.63 0.00 0.43 443.49
AG 2.80 6.81 21.89 149.09 0.03 35.35
HE 2.70 6.81 19.74 134.41 0.03 31.87
EI 2.70 6.81 19.74 134.41 0.03 31.87
JB 2.80 6.81 21.89 149.09 0.03 35.35
Σ 632.51 567.01 1021.43
Torsional Ecentricity
"e=0.5max (" 𝑆_(𝑖−1))−(∑ 〖𝐿 _𝑖 〗 ^3
𝑆_(𝑖−1))/(∑ 〖𝐿 _𝑖 〗 ^3 ) " "

e 2.51 m
Inclusion of torsional Eccentricity
Wall P*L3i/ΣL3i Xi L3iXi L3iXi2 L3iXi/ΣL3ix2i P*e*L3iXi/ΣL3ix2i
DF 443.49 0.895 245.79 219.98 0.07 187.82
FC 443.49 0.895 245.79 219.98 0.07 187.82
AG 35.35 -5.915 -129.50 765.98 -0.04 -98.96
HE 31.87 -5.915 -116.75 690.57 -0.03 -89.22
EI 31.87 -5.915 -116.75 690.57 -0.03 -89.22
JB 35.35 -5.915 -129.50 765.98 -0.04 -98.96
Σ -0.92 3353.07

In Plane Shear Load in Y-direction) for RM

Wall Li (m) Si-1 (m) L3i (m3) L3iSi-1 (m4) L3i/ΣL3i P*L3i/ΣL3i
DC 13.00 0 2197.00 0.00 0.50 425.60
AB 13.00 6.81 2197.00 14961.57 0.50 425.60
Σ 4394.00 14961.57 851.19
Torsional Ecentricity
"e=0.5max (" 𝑆_(𝑖−1))−(∑ 〖𝐿 _𝑖 〗 ^3
𝑆_(𝑖−1))/(∑ 〖𝐿 _𝑖 〗 ^3 ) " "

e 0.00 m
able 4.2 AS1170.0.2002
 P
631.31
631.31
-63.60
-57.34
-57.34
-63.60
1020.73
Wall Tributary Area Unit
AE 12.25 m2
BC 15.75 m2
EF 31.5 m2
DF 12.25 m2

Wall Dead Load (KN) Live Load (KN)

AE 269.5 73.5
BC 340.2 94.5
EF 592.2 189
DF 277.9 73.5

(A) For wall AG

Step 1: Calculation of Design Area
Symbol Calculation Value Unit
Adw 2797.5*2*30 167850 mm2

Step 2: Calculation of Material Properties

f'ms 1.25*f'mt 0.375 MPa
kv Shear friction factor 0.3

Step 3: Calculation of Structural Properties

Symbol Calculation Value Unit
G From top floors 41.46 KN/m
Q From top floors 11.31 KN/m
Gself Self- wt of base of wall 6.3 KN/m
Total Vertical Load at top of
Fd 37.32 KN/m
wall 0.9G
Total Vertical Load at bottom
Fd
of wall 0.9G 42.99 KN/m
fd compressive stress at top 0.62 <2MPa
fd compressive stress at bottom 0.72 <2MPa
ϕ capacity reduction factor 0.6

Step 4:
Shear bond Strength Vo=ϕf'msAd 37.77 KN
Shear Friction V1=kvfdAd 36.08 KN

Step 5: Calculation of total Shear Capacity

 V=Vo+V1 73.84 KN
Step 6: Check for Rocking
Taking moment about Toe
V*3=54.84*2.7975*2.7975/2
V: 48.67 KN
Hence, the in-plane capacity of wall is 73.84 KN.

Step7:
Capacity (73.84 KN)>Demand (63.60 KN) Safe

Capcatiy of wall AE (68.83 KN)

(B) For wall BC

Step 1: Calculation of Design Area
Symbol Calculation Value Unit
Adw 7000*2*30 420000 mm2

Step 2: Calculation of Material Properties

f'ms 1.25*f'mt 0.375 MPa
kv Shear friction factor 0.3

Step 3: Calculation of Structural Properties

Symbol Calculation Value Unit
G From top floors 48.6 KN/m
Q From top floors 13.5 KN/m
Gself Self- wt of base of wall 6.3 KN/m
Total Vertical Load at top of
Fd 43.74 KN/m
wall 0.9G
Total Vertical Load at bottom
Fd
of wall 0.9G 49.41 KN/m
fd compressive stress at top 0.73 <2MPa
fd compressive stress at bottom 0.82 <2MPa
ϕ capacity reduction factor 0.6

Step 4:
Shear bond Strength Vo=ϕf'msAd 94.50 KN
Shear Friction V1=kvfdAd 103.76 KN

Step 5: Calculation of total Shear Capacity

V=Vo+V1 198.26 KN
Step 6: Check for Rocking
Taking moment about Toe
V*3=33.615*7*3.5
V: 357.21 KN
Hence, the in-plane capacity of wall is 198.26 KN.

Step7:
Capacity (177 KN)<Demand (340.48 KN) Not Safe

(C) For wall EF

Step 1: Calculation of Design Area
Symbol Calculation Value Unit
Adw 7000*2*30 420000 mm2

Step 2: Calculation of Material Properties

f'ms 1.25*f'mt 0.375 MPa
kv Shear friction factor 0.3

Step 3: Calculation of Structural Properties

Symbol Calculation Value Unit
G From top floors 84.6 KN/m
Q From top floors 27 KN/m
Gself Self- wt of base of wall 6.3 KN/m
Total Vertical Load at top of
Fd 76.14 KN/m
wall 0.9G
Total Vertical Load at bottom
Fd
of wall 0.9G 81.81 KN/m
fd compressive stress at top 1.27 <2MPa
fd compressive stress at bottom 1.36 <2MPa
ϕ capacity reduction factor 0.6

Step 4:
Shear bond Strength Vo=ϕf'msAd 94.50 KN
Shear Friction V1=kvfdAd 171.80 KN

Step 5: Calculation of total Shear Capacity

V=Vo+V1 266.30 KN
Step 6: Check for Rocking
Taking moment about Toe
V*3=55.89*7*3.5
V: 621.81 KN
Hence, the in-plane capacity of wall is 266.30 KN.

Step7:
Capacity (266.30 KN)<Demand (340.48 KN) Not Safe

(D) For wall DF

Step 1: Calculation of Design Area
Symbol Calculation Value Unit
Adw 6500*2*30 390000 mm2

Step 2: Calculation of Material Properties

f'ms 1.25*f'mt 0.375 MPa
kv Shear friction factor 0.3

Step 3: Calculation of Structural Properties

Symbol Calculation Value Unit
G From top floors 42.75 KN/m
Q From top floors 11.31 KN/m
Gself Self- wt of base of wall 6.3 KN/m
Total Vertical Load at top of
Fd 38.48 KN/m
wall 0.9G
Total Vertical Load at bottom
Fd
of wall 0.9G 44.15 KN/m
fd compressive stress at top 0.69 <2MPa
fd compressive stress at bottom 0.79 <2MPa
ϕ capacity reduction factor 0.6

Step 4:
Shear bond Strength Vo=ϕf'msAd 87.75 KN
Shear Friction V1=kvfdAd 92.71 KN

Step 5: Calculation of total Shear Capacity

V=Vo+V1 180.46 KN
Step 6: Check for Rocking
Taking moment about Toe
 V*3=24.76*6.5*6.5/2
V: 270.95 KN
Hence, the in-plane capacity of wall is 180.46 KN.

Step7:
Capacity (180.46 KN)<Demand (631.31 KN) Not Safe
 For wall HE
Step 1: Calculation of Design Area
Reference Symbol Calculation
2 face shell Adw 2607.5*2*30

Step 2: Calculation of Material Properties

Cl. 3.3.4: AS 3700:2018 f'ms 1.25*f'mt
Table 3.3: AS 3700:2018 kv Shear friction factor

Step 3: Calculation of Structural Properties

Reference Symbol Calculation
DL/Length G From top floors
LL/Length Q From top floors
2.1KN/m2 Gself Self- wt of base of wall
Total Vertical Load at top of
Fd
wall 0.9G
Total Vertical Load at bottom
Fd
of wall 0.9G
Fd/Adw fd compressive stress at top
Fd/Adw fd compressive stress at bottom
Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018 ϕ capacity reduction factor

Step 4:
Shear bond Strength Vo=ϕf'msAd
Shear Friction V1=kvfdAd

Step 5: Calculation of total Shear Capacity

 V=Vo+V1 68.83
Step 6: Check for Rocking
Taking moment about Toe
V*3=54.84*2.7025*2.7025/2
V: 45.42
Hence, the in-plane capacity of wall is 68.83 KN.

Step7:
Capacity (68.83 KN)>Demand (57.34 KN)

Let the whole wall is grouted

Step 1: Calculation of Design Area
Reference Symbol Calculation
2 face shell Adw Ab+As

Step 2: Calculation of Material Properties

Cl. 3.3.4: AS 3700:2018 f'ms 1.25*f'mt
Table 3.3: AS 3700:2018 kv Shear friction factor

Step 3: Calculation of Structural Properties

Reference Symbol Calculation
DL/Length G From top floors
LL/Length Q From top floors
2.1KN/m2 Gself Self- wt of base of wall
Total Vertical Load at top of
Fd
wall 0.9G
Total Vertical Load at bottom
Fd
of wall 0.9G
Fd/Adw fd compressive stress at top
Fd/Adw fd compressive stress at bottom
Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018 ϕ capacity reduction factor

Step 4:
Shear bond Strength Vo=ϕf'msAd
Shear Friction V1=kvfdAd

Step 5: Calculation of total Shear Capacity

V=Vo+V1 403.01
 Step 6: Check for Rocking
Taking moment about Toe
V*3=33.615*7*3.5
V: 357.21
Hence, the in-plane capacity of wall is 403.01 KN.

Step7:
Capacity (403.01 KN)>Demand (340.48 KN)

Let the whole wall be grouted and double the thickness

Step 1: Calculation of Design Area
Reference Symbol Calculation
2 face shell Adw Ab+As

Step 2: Calculation of Material Properties

Cl. 3.3.4: AS 3700:2018 f'ms 1.25*f'mt
Table 3.3: AS 3700:2018 kv Shear friction factor

Step 3: Calculation of Structural Properties

Reference Symbol Calculation
DL/Length G From top floors
LL/Length Q From top floors
2.1KN/m2 Gself Self- wt of base of wall
Total Vertical Load at top of
Fd
wall 0.9G
Total Vertical Load at bottom
Fd
of wall 0.9G
Fd/Adw fd compressive stress at top
Fd/Adw fd compressive stress at bottom
Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018 ϕ capacity reduction factor

Step 4:
Shear bond Strength Vo=ϕf'msAd
Shear Friction V1=kvfdAd

Step 5: Calculation of total Shear Capacity

V=Vo+V1 770.30
 Step 6: Check for Rocking
Taking moment about Toe
V*3=55.89*7*3.5
V: 621.81
Hence, the in-plane capacity of wall is 770.30 KN.

Step7:
Capacity (770.30 KN)>Demand (340.48 KN)

Let the whole wall be grouted and double the thickness

Step 1: Calculation of Design Area
Reference Symbol Calculation
2 face shell Adw 6405*2*30*5*2

Step 2: Calculation of Material Properties

Cl. 3.3.4: AS 3700:2018 f'ms 1.25*f'mt
Table 3.3: AS 3700:2018 kv Shear friction factor

Step 3: Calculation of Structural Properties

Reference Symbol Calculation
DL/Length G From top floors
LL/Length Q From top floors
2.1KN/m2 Gself Self- wt of base of wall
Total Vertical Load at top of
Fd
wall 0.9G
Total Vertical Load at bottom
Fd
of wall 0.9G
Fd/Adw fd compressive stress at top
Fd/Adw fd compressive stress at bottom
Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018 ϕ capacity reduction factor

Step 4:
Shear bond Strength Vo=ϕf'msAd
Shear Friction V1=kvfdAd

Step 5: Calculation of total Shear Capacity

V=Vo+V1 640.34
Step 6: Check for Rocking
Taking moment about Toe
 V*3=24.76*6.5*6.5/2
V: 270.95
Hence, the in-plane capacity of wall is 640.34 KN.

Step7:
Capacity (640.34 KN)>Demand (631.31 KN)
Value Unit Reference
156450 mm2 2 face shell

0.375 MPa Cl. 3.3.4: AS 3700:2018

0.3 Table 3.3: AS 3700:2018

Value Unit Reference

41.46 KN/m DL/Length
11.31 KN/m LL/Length
6.3 KN/m 2.1KN/m2

37.32 KN/m

42.99 KN/m
0.62 <2MPa Fd/Adw
0.72 <2MPa Fd/Adw
0.6 Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018

35.20 KN
33.63 KN
KN

KN

Safe

Value Unit Reference

1330000 mm 2
2 face shell

0.375 MPa Cl. 3.3.4: AS 3700:2018

0.3 Table 3.3: AS 3700:2018

Value Unit Reference

48.6 KN/m DL/Length
13.5 KN/m LL/Length
6.3 KN/m 2.1KN/m2

43.74 KN/m

49.41 KN/m
0.23 <2MPa Fd/Adw
0.26 <2MPa Fd/Adw
0.6 Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018

299.25 KN
103.76 KN

KN
 KN

Safe

he thickness

Value Unit Reference

2660000 mm2 2 face shell

0.375 MPa Cl. 3.3.4: AS 3700:2018

0.3 Table 3.3: AS 3700:2018

Value Unit Reference

84.6 KN/m DL/Length
27 KN/m LL/Length
6.3 KN/m 2.1KN/m2

76.14 KN/m

81.81 KN/m
0.20 <2MPa Fd/Adw
0.22 <2MPa Fd/Adw
0.6 Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018

598.50 KN
171.80 KN

KN
 KN

Safe

he thickness

Value Unit Reference

2433900 mm2 2 face shell

0.375 MPa Cl. 3.3.4: AS 3700:2018

0.3 Table 3.3: AS 3700:2018

Value Unit Reference

42.75 KN/m DL/Length
11.31 KN/m LL/Length
6.3 KN/m 2.1KN/m2

38.48 KN/m

44.15 KN/m
0.11 <2MPa Fd/Adw
0.13 <2MPa Fd/Adw
0.6 Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018

547.63 KN
92.71 KN

KN
KN

Safe
Wall Tributary Area Unit
AE 12.25 m2
BC 15.75 m2
EF 31.5 m2
DF 12.25 m2

Wall Dead Load (KN) Live Load (KN)

AE 269.5 73.5
BC 340.2 94.5
EF 592.2 189
DF 277.9 73.5

(A) For wall AG

Step 1:
Considering 1m strip width of the wall. Lte us consider a wind pressure w kPa acts on the surface of the
Strip. The wall is supported at top and bottom. The span is 2.7025m. The UDL on the strip is w kN/m. The
reaction will, therefore be 1.5w KN at both top and bottom. This is the possible maximum shear force
(Vd).

Step 2: Calculation of Design Area

Symbol Calculation Value Unit
Adw 1000*2*30 60000 mm2

Step 3: Calculation of Material Properties

f'ms 1.25*f'mt 0.375 MPa
kv Shear friction factor 0.3

Step 4: Calculation of Structural Properties

Symbol Calculation Value Unit
G From top floors 41.46 KN/m
Q From top floors 11.31 KN/m
Gself Self- wt of base of wall 6.3 KN/m
Total Vertical Load at top of
Fd 37.32 KN/m
wall 0.9G
Total Vertical Load at bottom
Fd
of wall 0.9G 42.99 KN/m
fd compressive stress at top 1.74 <2MPa
fd compressive stress at bottom 2.00 <2MPa
ϕ capacity reduction factor 0.6

Step 5:
Shear bond Strength Vo=ϕf'msAd 13.50 KN
Shear Friction V1=kvfdAd 36.08 KN

Step 6: Calculation of total Shear Capacity

V=Vo+V1 49.58 KN
Step 7:
V=1.5w
w: 33.05 kN/m/m
(33.05kPa>>1.5kPa (Demand)) Safe

(B) For wall BC

Step 1: Calculation of Design Area
Symbol Calculation Value Unit
Adw Ab+As 190000 mm2

Step 2: Calculation of Material Properties

f'ms 1.25*f'mt 0.375 MPa
kv Shear friction factor 0.3

Step 3: Calculation of Structural Properties

Symbol Calculation Value Unit
G From top floors 48.6 KN/m
Q From top floors 13.5 KN/m
Gself Self- wt of base of wall 6.3 KN/m
Total Vertical Load at top of
Fd 43.74 KN/m
wall 0.9G
Total Vertical Load at bottom
Fd
of wall 0.9G 49.41 KN/m
fd compressive stress at top 1.61 <2MPa
fd compressive stress at bottom 1.82 <2MPa
ϕ capacity reduction factor 0.6

Step 4:
Shear bond Strength Vo=ϕf'msAd 42.75 KN
Shear Friction V1=kvfdAd 103.76 KN

Step 5: Calculation of total Shear Capacity

 V=Vo+V1 146.51 KN
Step 6:
V=1.5w
w: 97.67 kN/m/m
(97.67 kPa>>1.5kPa (Demand)) Safe

(C) For wall EF

Step 1: Calculation of Design Area
Symbol Calculation Value Unit
Adw Ab+As 380000 mm2

Step 2: Calculation of Material Properties

f'ms 1.25*f'mt 0.375 MPa
kv Shear friction factor 0.3

Step 3: Calculation of Structural Properties

Symbol Calculation Value Unit
G From top floors 84.6 KN/m
Q From top floors 27 KN/m
Gself Self- wt of base of wall 6.3 KN/m
Total Vertical Load at top of
Fd 76.14 KN/m
wall 0.9G
Total Vertical Load at bottom
Fd
of wall 0.9G 81.81 KN/m
fd compressive stress at top 1.40 <2MPa
fd compressive stress at bottom 1.51 <2MPa
ϕ capacity reduction factor 0.6

Step 4:
Shear bond Strength Vo=ϕf'msAd 85.50 KN
Shear Friction V1=kvfdAd 171.80 KN

Step 5: Calculation of total Shear Capacity

V=Vo+V1 257.30 KN
Step 6:
V=1.5w
w: 171.53 kN/m/m
(171.53 kPa>>1.5kPa (Demand)) Safe
(D) For wall DF
Step 1: Calculation of Design Area
Symbol Calculation Value Unit
Adw Ab+As 260000 mm2

Step 2: Calculation of Material Properties

f'ms 1.25*f'mt 0.375 MPa
kv Shear friction factor 0.3

Step 3: Calculation of Structural Properties

Symbol Calculation Value Unit
G From top floors 42.75 KN/m
Q From top floors 11.31 KN/m
Gself Self- wt of base of wall 6.3 KN/m
Total Vertical Load at top of
Fd 38.48 KN/m
wall 0.9G
Total Vertical Load at bottom
Fd
of wall 0.9G 44.15 KN/m
fd compressive stress at top 1.04 <2MPa
fd compressive stress at bottom 1.19 <2MPa
ϕ capacity reduction factor 0.6

Step 4:
Shear bond Strength Vo=ϕf'msAd 58.50 KN
Shear Friction V1=kvfdAd 92.71 KN

Step 5: Calculation of total Shear Capacity

V=Vo+V1 151.21 KN
Step 6:
V=1.5w
w: 100.81 kN/m/m
(100.81kPa>>1.5kPa (Demand)) Safe

sure w kPa acts on the surface of the
The UDL on the strip is w kN/m. The
e possible maximum shear force
For wall HE
Step 1:
Considering 1m strip width of the wall. Lte us consider a wind pressure
Strip. The wall is supported at top and bottom. The span is 2.7025m. The UD
reaction will, therefore be 1.5w KN at both top and bottom. This is the possi
(Vd).

Step 2: Calculation of Design Area

Reference Symbol Calculation
2 face shell Adw 1000*2*30

Step 3: Calculation of Material Properties

Cl. 3.3.4: AS 3700:2018 f'ms 1.25*f'mt
Table 3.3: AS 3700:2018 kv Shear friction factor

Step 4: Calculation of Structural Properties

Reference Symbol Calculation
DL/Length G From top floors
LL/Length Q From top floors
2.1KN/m2 Gself Self- wt of base of wall
Total Vertical Load at top of
Fd
wall 0.9G
Total Vertical Load at bottom of
Fd
wall 0.9G
Fd/Adw fd compressive stress at top
Fd/Adw fd compressive stress at bottom
Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018 ϕ capacity reduction factor

Step 5:
Shear bond Strength Vo=ϕf'msAd
Shear Friction V1=kvfdAd

Step6: Calculation of total Shear Capacity

V=Vo+V1 49.58
Step 7:
V=1.5w

w: 33.05
Capacity (33.05 kPa)>Demand (1.5 kPa)

Reference
2 face shell

Cl. 3.3.4: AS 3700:2018

Table 3.3: AS 3700:2018

Reference
DL/Length
LL/Length
2.1KN/m2

Fd/Adw
Fd/Adw
Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018
Reference
2 face shell

Cl. 3.3.4: AS 3700:2018

Table 3.3: AS 3700:2018

Reference
DL/Length
LL/Length
2.1KN/m2

Fd/Adw
Fd/Adw
Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018
Reference
2 face shell

Cl. 3.3.4: AS 3700:2018

Table 3.3: AS 3700:2018

Reference
DL/Length
LL/Length
2.1KN/m2

Fd/Adw
Fd/Adw
Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018
 sider a wind pressure w kPa acts on the surface of the
an is 2.7025m. The UDL on the strip is w kN/m. The
ttom. This is the possible maximum shear force

Value Unit Reference

60000 mm 2
2 face shell

0.375 MPa Cl. 3.3.4: AS 3700:2018

0.3 Table 3.3: AS 3700:2018

Value Unit Reference

41.46 KN/m DL/Length
11.31 KN/m LL/Length
6.3 KN/m 2.1KN/m2

37.32 KN/m

42.99 KN/m
1.74 <2MPa Fd/Adw
2.00 <2MPa Fd/Adw
 0.6 Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018

13.50 KN
36.08 KN

KN

kN/m/m
Safe
(A) For Wall AG
Step1: Calculation of Imposed lod
Imposed load on 2.7975 wall
Wd 41.46 KN/m
Step2: Calculate geometric parameters
Parameter Symbol Value Reference Unit
Design Length of wall Ld 2.80 only one edge supported m
Design Height of wall Hd 1.50 both edges supported m
Height of Masonry unit hu 190.00 CMU mm
Thickness of mortar tj 10.00 mm
Length of masonry unit lu 390.00 CMU mm
Slope of crack line G 1.00 Cl.7.4.4.2 AS3700:2018
Slope factor α 1.87 Cl.7.4.4.2 AS3700:2018
Aspect factor αf 2.27 Table 7.5 AS3700:2018
Rotations factor Rf1,Rf2 0.50 partial rotational restraint
Coefficient k1 0.50 Table 7.5 AS3700:2018
Coefficient k2 2.00 Table 7.5 AS3700:2018
Effective wall thickness t 190.00 mm
Shell thickness ts 30.00 mm
Thickness of unit/wall tu 190.00 mm
Design section modulus Zd 4.09E+06 mm3/m
Section modulus-perpendicular Zp 4.09E+06 mm3/m
Section modulus of unit Zu 4.09E+06 mm3/m
Height factor B 141.42 Cl.7.4.4.3 (c) AS3700:2018
Torsional section modulus Zt 2666.10 Cl.7.4.4.3 AS3700:2018 mm3/mm
Minimum overlap of units sp 190.00 Stretcher Bond mm
Perpendicular spacing factors kp 1.00
Udl load from wall at mid-ht 3.15 KN/m
Total UDL at mid-ht. of bed joint 0.9G 40.15 KN/m
fd, at mid-height fd 0.67 MPa

Step3: Calculate material properties

Parameter Symbol Value Explanation/Reference Unit
Lateral Modulus of rupture f'ut 0.8 Cl.3.2 AS3700:2018 MPa
Flexural tensile strength f'mt 0.3 Given MPa
Equivalent torsional strength f't 1.33
Step4: Calculate of structural properties
Parameter Symbol Value Explanation/Reference Unit
Compressive stress on joint fd 0.67 MPa
Capacity reduction factor ∅ 0.6 Cl. 4.4 AS3700:2018 MPa

Step5: Calculate horizontal bending capacity

Mch is lesser of:
8.68 kNm/m
5.38 kNm/m
1.28 kNm/m

Therefore, Mch 1.28 kNm/m

Step6: Calculate diagonal bending capacity

Mcd 2131.95089 Nmm/mm
Mcd 2.13 kNm/m

Step7: Calculate design pressure load

wd 2.84 kPa
With demand pressure 1.5 kPa and no internal pressure, the design wind pressure is 2.93 kPa
2.84 kPa > 1.5 kPa (Demand) safe

(B) For Wall BC

Step1: Calculation of Imposed lod
Imposed load on 7 wall
Wd 48.60 KN/m
Step2: Calculate geometric parameters
Parameter Symbol Value Reference Unit
Design Length of wall Ld 3.50 both edges supported m
Design Height of wall Hd 1.50 both edges supported m
Height of Masonry unit hu 190.00 CMU mm
Thickness of mortar tj 10.00 mm
Length of masonry unit lu 390.00 CMU mm
Slope of crack line G 1.00 Cl.7.4.4.2 AS3700:2018
Slope factor α 2.33 Cl.7.4.4.2 AS3700:2018
Aspect factor αf 2.72 Table 7.5 AS3700:2018
Rotations factor Rf1,Rf2 0.50 partial rotational restraint
Coefficient k1 0.50 Table 7.5 AS3700:2018
Coefficient k2 2.00 Table 7.5 AS3700:2018
Effective wall thickness t 190.00 mm
Shell thickness ts 30.00 mm
Thickness of unit/wall tu 190.00 mm
Design section modulus Zd 6.02E+06 mm3/m
Section modulus-perpendicular Zp 6.02E+06 mm3/m
Section modulus of unit Zu 6.02E+06 mm3/m
Height factor B 141.42 Cl.7.4.4.3 (c) AS3700:2018
Torsional section modulus Zt 2666.10 Cl.7.4.4.3 AS3700:2018 mm3/mm
Minimum overlap of units sp 190.00 Stretcher Bond mm
Perpendicular spacing factors kp 1.00
Udl load from wall at mid-ht 3.15 KN/m
Total UDL at mid-ht. of bed joint 0.9G 46.58 KN/m
fd, at mid-height fd 0.78 MPa

Step3: Calculate material properties

Parameter Symbol Value Explanation/Reference Unit
Lateral Modulus of rupture f'ut 0.8 Cl.3.2 AS3700:2018 MPa
Flexural tensile strength f'mt 0.3 Given MPa
Equivalent torsional strength f't 1.35

Step4: Calculate of structural properties

Parameter Symbol Value Explanation/Reference Unit
Compressive stress on joint fd 0.78 MPa
Capacity reduction factor ∅ 0.6 Cl. 4.4 AS3700:2018 MPa

Step5: Calculate horizontal bending capacity

Mch is lesser of:
14.19 kNm/m
7.91 kNm/m
1.88 kNm/m

Therefore, Mch 1.88 kNm/m

Step6: Calculate diagonal bending capacity

Mcd 2157.64391 Nmm/mm
Mcd 2.16 kNm/m

Step7: Calculate design pressure load

wd 2.34 kPa
With demand pressure 1.5 kPa and no internal pressure, the design wind pressure is 2.17 kPa
 2.34 kPa > 1.5 kPa (Demand) safe

(C) For Wall EF

Since it is a internal wall no need to design for bending.

(D) For Wall DF

Step1: Calculation of Imposed lod
Imposed load on 6.5 wall
Wd 42.75 KN/m
Step2: Calculate geometric parameters
Parameter Symbol Value Reference Unit
Design Length of wall Ld 6.50 one edge supported m
Design Height of wall Hd 1.50 both edges supported m
Height of Masonry unit hu 190.00 CMU mm
Thickness of mortar tj 10.00 mm
Length of masonry unit lu 390.00 CMU mm
Slope of crack line G 1.00 Cl.7.4.4.2 AS3700:2018
Slope factor α 4.33 Cl.7.4.4.2 AS3700:2018
Aspect factor αf 4.69 Table 7.5 AS3700:2018
Rotations factor Rf1,Rf2 0.50 partial rotational restraint
Coefficient k1 0.50 Table 7.5 AS3700:2018
Coefficient k2 2.00 Table 7.5 AS3700:2018
Effective wall thickness t 380.00 mm
Shell thickness ts 30.00 mm
Thickness of unit tu 190.00 mm
Design section modulus Zd 2.41E+07 mm3/m
Section modulus-perpendicular Zp 2.41E+07 mm3/m
Section modulus of unit Zu 2.41E+07 mm3/m
Height factor B 141.42 Cl.7.4.4.3 (c) AS3700:2018
Torsional section modulus Zt 2666.10 Cl.7.4.4.3 AS3700:2018 mm3/mm
Minimum overlap of units sp 190.00 Stretcher Bond mm
Perpendicular spacing factors kp 1.00
Udl load from wall at mid-ht 6.30 KN/m
Total UDL at mid-ht. of bed joint 0.9G 44.15 KN/m
fd, at mid-height fd 0.37 MPa

Step3: Calculate material properties

Parameter Symbol Value Explanation/Reference Unit
Lateral Modulus of rupture f'ut 0.8 Cl.3.2 AS3700:2018 MPa
Flexural tensile strength f'mt 0.3 Given MPa
Equivalent torsional strength f't 1.29

Step4: Calculate of structural properties

Parameter Symbol Value Explanation/Reference Unit
Compressive stress on joint fd 0.37 MPa
Capacity reduction factor ∅ 0.6 Cl. 4.4 AS3700:2018 MPa

Step5: Calculate horizontal bending capacity

Mch is lesser of:
35.22 kNm/m
31.64 kNm/m
7.51 kNm/m

Therefore, Mch 7.51 kNm/m

Step6: Calculate diagonal bending capacity

Mcd 2059.6616 Nmm/mm
Mcd 2.06 kNm/m

Step7: Calculate design pressure load

wd 1.75 kPa
With demand pressure 1.5 kPa and no internal pressure, the design wind pressure is 2.21 kPa
1.75 kPa > 1.5 kPa (Demand) safe
2(hu+tj)/(lu+tj)
GLd/Hd
2(hu+tj)/(lu+tj)
GLd/Hd
Wall Tributary Area Unit
AE 12.25 m2
BC 15.75 m2
EF 31.5 m2
DF 12.25 m2

Wall Dead Load (KN) Live Load (KN)

AE 269.5 73.5
BC 340.2 94.5
EF 592.2 189
DF 277.9 73.5

(A) For wall BC

Step1: Calculate of structural properties
Symbol Calculation Value Unit
G Total dead load at the top of wall 340.20 KN
Distributed dead load at top of wall 48.60 kN/m
Q Total live load at the top of long wall 94.5 KN
Distributed live load at top of wall 13.50 kN/m
Fd Load combination for External Walls 78.57 KN/m
∅ Capacity reduction factor 0.60
kh 1.30
km 1.60
f'mb f'mb=km(f'uc)^1/2 6.20 MPa
f'm f'm=khf'mb 8.06 MPa
f'cg 12.00 Mpa
kc 1.40
Ab Bedded area 60000.00 mm2
Ag Area of grout 130000.00 mm2
fo Basic compressive strength 713.67 kN/m

Simplified Method
Srs Slenderness ratio Srs=𝛼vH/Ktt 15.79
𝛼v Laterally supported along its top edge 1
H Height of wall 3000 mm
Kt no engagement of piers 1
t 190 mm
k Reduction factor k=0.67-0.02(Srs-14) 0.63
 kFo: 452.62 kN/m
kFo:(452.62 kN/m) >Fd (78.57 kN/m) safe

(B) For wall EF

Step1: Calculate of structural properties
Symbol Calculation Value Unit
G Total dead load at the top of wall 592.20 KN
Distributed dead load at top of wall 84.60 kN/m
Q Total live load at the top of long wall 189 KN
Distributed live load at top of wall 27.00 kN/m
Fd Load combination for External Walls 142.02 KN/m
∅ Capacity reduction factor 0.60
kh 1.30
km 1.60
f'mb f'mb=km(f'uc)^1/2 6.20 MPa
f'm f'm=khf'mb 8.06 MPa
f'cg 12.00 Mpa
kc 1.40
Ab Bedded area 60000.00 mm2
Ag Area of grout 130000.00 mm2
fo Basic compressive strength 713.67 kN/m

Simplified Method
Srs Slenderness ratio Srs=𝛼vH/Ktt 7.89
𝛼v Laterally supported along its top edge 1
H Height of wall 3000 mm
Kt no engagement of piers 1
t 380 mm
k Reduction factor k=0.67-0.02(Srs-14) 0.79

kFo: 565.30 kN/m

kFo:(565.30 kN/m) >Fd (142.02 kN/m) safe

(C) For wall DF

Step1: Calculate of structural properties
Symbol Calculation Value Unit
G Total dead load at the top of wall 277.90 KN
 Distributed dead load at top of wall 42.75 kN/m
Q Total live load at the top of long wall 73.5 KN
Distributed live load at top of wall 11.31 kN/m
Fd Load combination for External Walls 68.27 KN/m
∅ Capacity reduction factor 0.60
kh 1.30
km 1.60
f'mb f'mb=km(f'uc)^1/2 6.20 MPa
f'm f'm=khf'mb 8.06 MPa
f'cg 12.00 Mpa
kc 1.40
Ab Bedded area 60000.00 mm2
Ag Area of grout 130000.00 mm2
fo Basic compressive strength 713.67 kN/m

Simplified Method
Srs Slenderness ratio Srs=𝛼vH/Ktt 7.89
𝛼v Laterally supported along its top edge 1
H Height of wall 3000 mm
Kt no engagement of piers 1
t 380 mm
k Reduction factor k=0.67-0.02(Srs-14) 0.79

kFo: 565.30 kN/m

kFo:(565.30 kN/m) >Fd (68.27 kN/m) safe

(D) For wall AG

Step1: Calculate of structural properties
Symbol Calculation Value Unit
G Total dead load at the top of wall 269.50 KN
Distributed dead load at top of wall 41.46 kN/m
Q Total live load at the top of long wall 73.5 KN
Distributed live load at top of wall 11.31 kN/m
Fd Load combination for External Walls 66.72 KN/m
∅ Capacity reduction factor 0.50
kh 1.30
km 1.60
f'mb f'mb=km(f'uc)^1/2 6.20 MPa
f'm f'm=khf'mb 8.06 MPa
 Ab Bedded area 60000.00 mm2
fo Basic compressive strength 241.67 kN/m
safe
Simplified Method
Srs Slenderness ratio Srs=𝛼vH/Ktt 15.79
𝛼v Laterally supported along its top edge 1
H Height of wall 3000 mm
Kt no engagement of piers 1
t 190 mm
k Reduction factor k=0.67-0.02(Srs-14) 0.63
kFo: 153.27 kN/m
kFo:(153.27 kN/m) >Fd (66.72 kN/m) safe

Design of support details

Step1: Calculation of structural properties
Symbol Calculation Value Unit
G Total dead load at the top of wall 269.50 KN
Distributed dead load at top of wall 41.46 kN/m
Q Total live load at the top of long wall 73.5 KN
Distributed live load at top of wall 11.31 kN/m
Fd Load combination for External Walls 66.72 KN/m
∅ Capacity reduction factor 0.50
kh 1.30
km 1.60
f'mb f'mb=km(f'uc)^1/2 6.20 MPa
f'm f'm=khf'mb 8.06 MPa

Step 2: Solution Strategies

a. Beam will exert concentrated compression load at the top edge of the wall. Hence, we have to check for both,
i. bearing
ii. stability
b. Let us decide on the support conditon of the beam which can influence the bearing area.
The beam can be rested on
i. a single core of the concrete masonry unit
ii. Double core of the concrete masonry unit
c. The wall can be considered
i. un-grouted
ii. grouted
Step 3: Determination of Fd (Demand Load)
Assume single core support (bs=200mm)
(Fd)bearing: 46.70 KN
(Fd)stability: 80.06 KN
Assume Double core support (bs=400mm)
(Fd)bearing: 60.04 KN
(Fd)stability: 93.40 KN

Step 4: Determination of Fo (Basic Compression Capacity Load)

Assume single core support at bearing end (bs=200mm)
(Fo)ungrouted: 48.33 fo=∅f'mAb
(Fo)grouted: 142.73 KN
∅: 0.6 Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018
Ag: 26000 mm 2

kc : 1.4 Cl.7.3.2: AS 3700:2018

f'cg: 12 MPa Assume

Assume single core support at mid-height (bs=200mm)

(Fo)ungrouted: 241.67 KN
(Fo)grouted: 374.74 KN

Assume double core support at bearing end (bs=400mm)

(Fo)ungrouted: 96.67 KN
(Fo)grouted: 285.47 KN Ag:

Assume double core support at mid-height (bs=400mm)

(Fo)ungrouted: 290.01 KN
(Fo)grouted: 517.47 KN

Step 5: Determination of kb
kb : 1 other than in solid or cored unit masonry or gro
kb : 0.94 in solid or cored unit masonry or grouted mas
kb : 1.5 in solid or cored unit masonry or grouted mas
where, a1: 0m
L: 2.80 m
kb : 1 either single or double core supported
Step 6: Stability (Mid-height)
S r: 12.63
 k: 0.697 0.67 (max)

Step 7: Check Demand vs Capacity

Capacity
Support Type Extend of Grouting Location
(kFo) KN
Single Core Un-grouted Bearing 32.4
Single Core Grouted Bearing 95.6
Double Core Un-grouted Bearing 64.8
Double Core Grouted Bearing 191.3
Single Core Un-grouted Mid-height 161.9
Single Core Grouted Mid-height 251.1
Double Core Un-grouted Mid-height 194.3
Double Core Grouted Mid-height 346.7

Therefore, the wall with grouted option and beam resting on single core or two cores as well as two cores ungrouted
 Reference

LL/Length

w: 1.2G+1.5Q
Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018 for grouted
Table 3.2:AS 3700:2018
Table 3.1:AS 3700:2018
Cl.3.3.2: AS 3700:2018
Cl.3.3.2: AS 3700:2018
Cl.3.5: AS 3700:2018
Cl.8.5.1 AS 3700:2018

Cl.7.3.2: AS 3700:2018 For grouted masonry

Cl.7.3.3.4: AS 3700:2018
Cl.7.3.3.4: AS 3700:2018

Cl.7.3.3.3: AS 3700:2018
 Reference

LL/Length

w: 1.2G+1.5Q
Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018
Table 3.2:AS 3700:2018
Table 3.1:AS 3700:2018
Cl.3.3.2: AS 3700:2018
Cl.3.3.2: AS 3700:2018
Cl.3.5: AS 3700:2018
Cl.8.5.1 AS 3700:2018

Cl.7.3.2: AS 3700:2018 For grouted masonry

Cl.7.3.3.4: AS 3700:2018
Cl.7.3.3.4: AS 3700:2018

Cl.7.3.3.3: AS 3700:2018

Reference
LL/Length

w: 1.2G+1.5Q
Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018
Table 3.2:AS 3700:2018
Table 3.1:AS 3700:2018
Cl.3.3.2: AS 3700:2018
Cl.3.3.2: AS 3700:2018
Cl.3.5: AS 3700:2018
Cl.8.5.1 AS 3700:2018

Cl.7.3.2: AS 3700:2018

Cl.7.3.3.4: AS 3700:2018
Cl.7.3.3.4: AS 3700:2018

Cl.7.3.3.3: AS 3700:2018

Reference

LL/Length

w: 1.2G+1.5Q
Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018
Table 3.2:AS 3700:2018
Table 3.1:AS 3700:2018
Cl.3.3.2: AS 3700:2018
Cl.3.3.2: AS 3700:2018
 Cl.7.3.2: AS 3700:2018

Cl.7.3.3.4: AS 3700:2018
Cl.7.3.3.4: AS 3700:2018

Cl.7.3.3.3: AS 3700:2018

Reference

LL/Length

w: 1.2G+1.5Q
Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018
Table 3.2:AS 3700:2018
Table 3.1:AS 3700:2018
Cl.3.3.2: AS 3700:2018
Cl.3.3.2: AS 3700:2018

have to check for both,

Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018

Cl.7.3.2: AS 3700:2018

52000 mm2

or cored unit masonry or grouted masonry

nit masonry or grouted masonry
nit masonry or grouted masonry

uble core supported Cl.7.3.5.4: AS 3700:2018

Cl.7.3.4.3: AS 3700:2018
 Cl.7.3.3.3: AS 3700:2018

Demand (Fd) KN Safety

46.70 Un-safe
46.70 Safe
60.04 Safe
60.04 Safe
80.06 Safe
80.06 Safe
93.40 Safe
93.40 Safe

well as two cores ungrouted will be safe for both bearing and stability.
Wall Tributary AreUnit
AE 12.25 m2
BC 15.75 m2
EF 31.5 m2
DF 12.25 m2

Wall Dead Load (KLive Load (KN)

AE 269.5 73.5
BC 340.2 94.5
EF 592.2 189
DF 277.9 73.5

(A) For Wall AB

In- plane shear Load: 425.60 KN
Vertical compression Load: 41.46 kN/m
Yield Strength of rebar (fsy) 500 MPa

No. of Vertical cores= 12 and No of horizontal cores=2

Area of grouted cores 456000 mm2
Area of face shell bedded 636000 mm2
Ad,ver: 1092000 mm2
As,min: 1419.6 mm2 Cl.8.7.2: AS3700:2018
As,provided 2411.52 N16 bar
As,provided>As,min ok
Horizontal part
Area of 2 grouted core 76000 mm2
Area of face shell 156000 mm2
Ad,h: 232000 mm2
A(s,min)hor: 162.4 mm2 Cl.8.7.2: AS3700:2018
As,h(provided): 401.92 mm 2
2@N16 bar
As,provided (401.92)>As,min (162.4) ok
H/L: 0.23 <1 Cl.8.7.2: AS3700:2018
As: Total cross-sectional area of Horizontal/vertical reinf. whichever is less
so, As: 401.92 mm2
fvr: 1.38 MPa
∅ 0.75 Table 4.1 AS3700:2018
Vd ≤ 1294.77 KN Vd≤∅(fvrAd+0.8fsyAs) Cl.8.7.2: AS3700:2018
Rocking Capacity (Stability):
H/L: 0.23 <2.3 Cl.8.7.4: AS3700:2018
Pv: 485.1 KN
f'm: 8.06
Asv 200.96 mm2
Reduction factor, KSW: 0.945 Cl.8.7.4: AS3700:2018
Vd: 1066.35 KN
Therefore, the minimum horizontal load that can be sustained by the 13m wall in the in-plane direction
13m wall in the in-plane direction is : 1066.35 KN
(Vd: 425.596 KN (demand )<1066.35 KN (capacity) safe

(B) For Wall BC

In- plane shear Load: 283.73 KN
Vertical compression Load: 48.60 kN/m
Yield Strength of rebar (fsy) 500 MPa

No. of Vertical cores= 8 and No of horizontal cores=2

Area of grouted cores 304000 mm2
Area of face shell bedded 324000 mm2
Ad,ver: 628000 mm2
As,min: 816.4 mm2 Cl.8.7.2: AS3700:2018
As,provided 1607.68 N16 bar
As,provided>As,min ok
Horizontal part
Area of 2 grouted core 76000 mm2
Area of face shell 156000 mm2
Ad,h: 232000 mm2
A(s,min)hor: 162.4 mm2 Cl.8.7.2: AS3700:2018
As,h(provided): 401.92 mm2 2@N16 bar
As,provided (401.92)>As,min (162.4) ok
H/L: 0.43 <1 Cl.8.7.2: AS3700:2018
As: Total cross-sectional area of Horizontal/vertical reinf. whichever is less
so, As: 401.92 mm2
fvr: 1.29 MPa
∅ 0.75 Table 4.1 AS3700:2018
Vd ≤ 766.34 KN Vd≤∅(fvrAd+0.8fsyAs) Cl.8.7.2: AS3700:2018
Rocking Capacity (Stability):
H/L: 0.43 <2.3 Cl.8.7.4: AS3700:2018
Pv: 306.18 KN
f'm: 8.06
Asv 200.96 mm2
Reduction factor, KSW: 0.93948 Cl.8.7.4: AS3700:2018
Vd: 422.51 KN
Therefore, the minimum horizontal load that can be sustained by the 13m wall in the in-plane direction
13m wall in the in-plane direction is : 422.51 KN
(Vd: 283.73 KN) demand<422.51 KN (capacity) safe

(C) For Wall EF

In- plane shear Load: 283.73 KN
Vertical compression Load: 84.60 kN/m
Yield Strength of rebar (fsy) 500 MPa

No. of Vertical cores= 8 and No of horizontal cores=2

Area of grouted cores 304000 mm2
Area of face shell bedded 324000 mm2
Ad,ver: 628000 mm2
As,min: 816.4 mm2 Cl.8.7.2: AS3700:2018
As,provided 1607.68 N16 bar
As,provided>As,min ok
Horizontal part
Area of 2 grouted core 76000 mm2
Area of face shell 156000 mm2
Ad,h: 232000 mm2
A(s,min)hor: 162.4 mm2 Cl.8.7.2: AS3700:2018
As,h(provided): 401.92 mm2 2@N16 bar
As,provided (401.92)>As,min (162.4) ok
H/L: 0.43 <1 Cl.8.7.2: AS3700:2018
As: Total cross-sectional area of Horizontal/vertical reinf. whichever is less
so, As: 401.92 mm2
fvr: 1.29 MPa
∅ 0.75 Table 4.1 AS3700:2018
Vd ≤ 766.34 KN Vd≤∅(fvrAd+0.8fsyAs) Cl.8.7.2: AS3700:2018

Rocking Capacity (Stability):

 H/L: 0.43 <2.3 Cl.8.7.4: AS3700:2018
Pv: 532.98 KN
f'm: 8.06
Asv 200.96 mm2
Reduction factor, KSW: 0.89465 Cl.8.7.4: AS3700:2018
Vd: 588.04 KN
Therefore, the minimum horizontal load that can be sustained by the 13m wall in the in-plane direction
13m wall in the in-plane direction is : 588.04 KN
(Vd: 283.73 KN) demand <588.04 KN (capacity) safe

(D) For Wall DC

In- plane shear Load: 425.60 KN
Vertical compression Load: 42.75 kN/m
Yield Strength of rebar (fsy) 500 MPa

No. of Vertical cores= 14 and No of horizontal cores=2

Area of grouted cores 532000 mm2
Area of face shell bedded 612000 mm2
Ad,ver: 1144000 mm2
As,min: 1487.2 mm2 Cl.8.7.2: AS3700:2018
As,provided 2813.44 N16 bar
As,provided>As,min ok
Horizontal part
Area of 2 grouted core 76000 mm2
Area of face shell 156000 mm2
Ad,h: 232000 mm2
A(s,min)hor: 162.4 mm2 Cl.8.7.2: AS3700:2018
As,h(provided): 401.92 mm2 2@N16 bar
As,provided (401.92)>As,min (162.4) ok
H/L: 0.23 <1 Cl.8.7.2: AS3700:2018
As: Total cross-sectional area of Horizontal/vertical reinf. whichever is less
so, As: 401.92 mm2
fvr: 1.38 MPa
∅ 0.75 Table 4.1 AS3700:2018
Vd ≤ 1348.77 KN Vd≤∅(fvrAd+0.8fsyAs) Cl.8.7.2: AS3700:2018

Rocking Capacity (Stability):

H/L: 0.23 <2.3 Cl.8.7.4: AS3700:2018
 Pv: 500.22 KN
f'm: 8.06
Asv 200.96 mm2
Reduction factor, KSW: 0.94572 Cl.8.7.4: AS3700:2018
Vd: 584.75 KN
Therefore, the minimum horizontal load that can be sustained by the 13m wall in the in-plane direction
13m wall in the in-plane direction is : 584.75 KN
(Vd: 425.596 KN) demand<584.75 KN (capacity) safe
chever is less

8.7.2: AS3700:2018
lane direction

chever is less

8.7.2: AS3700:2018
lane direction

chever is less

8.7.2: AS3700:2018
lane direction

chever is less

8.7.2: AS3700:2018
lane direction
(A) For Wall AE,BC,DF
Symbol Calculation Value Unit Reference
f'uc 15 MPa
f'mt 0.3 MPa
∅ Capacity reduction factor 0.75 Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018
kh 1.30 Table 3.2:AS 3700:2018
km 1.60 Table 3.1:AS 3700:2018
f'mb f'mb=km(f'uc)^1/2 6.20 MPa Cl.3.3.2: AS 3700:2018
f'm f'm=khf'mb 8.06 MPa Cl.3.3.2: AS 3700:2018
Vd: wl/2 2.25 KN/core
f'vm ch. shear strength 0.35 MPa Cl.8.8:AS 3700:2018
f'vs design shear strength 17.5 MPa Cl.8.8:AS 3700:2018
Ast 200.96 mm 2
N16 bar
fsy 500.00 MPa
bw 200.00 mm
d 95.00 mm t/2
Asv 0.00 no shear reinforcement
(Vu)/core: 7.63 KN/core
Vd(2.25 KN/core)<(Vu)/core,7.63 KN/core Safe
 1.5 kN/m
3m
(A) For wall AG,BC,DF
Since in reinforced masonry compression load is neglected and bending is designed in 1m strip all the walls have sam
Step1: Calculate of material and structural properties
Symbol Calculation Value Unit
tw thickness of wall 190.00 mm
ts thickness of shell 30.00 mm
f'uc 15 MPa
f'sy 500.00 MPa
f'mt 0.30 MPa
∅ Capacity reduction factor 0.75
kh 1.30
km 1.60
f'mb f'mb=km(f'uc)^1/2 6.20 MPa
f'm f'm=khf'mb 8.06 MPa

considering meter strip with only one core is grouted/reinforced every 1m length of wall
fo: min of 400mm 400 mm
2*tw 380 mm
l - mm
fo : 380 mm
b: with of compression flange (2fo) 760 mm

Step 2: check for Minimum Reinforcement

MdRM>(1.2MuURM=1.2f'mtZ)
where, Z: 1000*t2/6[6*(ts/t)-12*(ts/t)2+8*(ts/t)3] 4.09E+06 mm3/m
Therefore,
MdRM: 1.47 kN/m

BM from wind load

w: 1.5 kN/m
Md : wl2/8 1.69 kNm/m
Md>1.2MuURM

Assuming N16 rebar

(Asd)max 0.29(1.3f'm)bd/fsy
where, d: 95 mm
 (Asd)max: 438.55 mm2/m
dia. 23.63599696776 mm
so, dia. of bar<20mm. ok

Step 3: check for bending

Md≤ 6.59 kNm/m
Md(1.47 kNm/m)≤(6.59 kNm/m)
gned in 1m strip all the walls have same design

Reference

Given
Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018
Table 3.2:AS 3700:2018
Table 3.1:AS 3700:2018
Cl.3.3.2: AS 3700:2018
Cl.3.3.2: AS 3700:2018

1.5 kN/m
3m

Cl.8.6 AS3700:2018
tw/2
Cl.8.6 AS3700:2018
safe
 Wall Tributary Area Unit
AE 12.25 m2
BC 15.75 m2
EF 31.5 m2
DF 12.25 m2

(A) For wall AB

Floor G (KN) Q (KN)
Total: Top (AE wall) 110.25 0.00
Total: Second (AE wall) 98 36.75
Slab: First (AE wall) 61.25 36.75

considering 1 m strip with only one core is grouted/reinforced every 1m length of wall
Step1: Calculate of structural properties
Dead load from top stories (G): 32.04 kN/m
Live load from top stories (Q): 5.65 kN/m
W1 : 46.93 kN/m
Dead load from first floor slab (G): 9.42 kN/m
Live load from first floor slab (Q): 5.65 kN/m
W2 : 19.79 kN/m

Symbol Calculation Value

G Total dead load at the top of wall 269.50
Distributed dead load at top of wall 41.46
Q Total live load at the top of long wall 73.50
Distributed live load at top of wall 11.31
Fd Load combination for External Walls 66.72
∅ Capacity reduction factor 0.75
kh 1.30
km 1.60
f'mb f'mb=km(f'uc)^1/2 6.20
f'm f'm=khf'mb 8.06
Ab Bedded area 60000.00
f'cg 12.00
Ag Area of grout 26000.00
 fsy 500.00
kc 1.40
αr 0.40
As 200.96

Simplified Method
Srs Slenderness ratio Srs=𝛼vH/Ktt 11.84
𝛼v Laterally supported along its top edge 0.75
H Height of wall 3000
Kt no engagement of piers 1
t 190
eccentricity (e) W2*tw/6/(W1+W2) 9.39
kes Reduction factor 0.78

Fd ≤ 398.89 kN/m
Fd(66.72 kN/m)≤ (398.89 kN/m) safe

Design of support details:

Step 1: Solution Strategies
a. Beam will exert concentrated compression load at the top edge of the wall. Hence, we have to check for both,
i. bearing
ii. stability
b. Let us decide on the support conditon of the beam which can influence the bearing area.
The beam can be rested on
i. a single grouted core
ii. Double grouted core
c. The reinforcement area can be: 
(i) Minimum area of vertical rebar [1-bar centrally positioned] 
(ii) Area higher than min reinforcement area 

Step 3: Determination of Fd (Demand Load)

Assume single core support (bs=200mm)
(Fd)bearing: 46.70 KN
(Fd)stability: 100.07 KN
Assume Double core support (bs=400mm)
(Fd)bearing: 60.04 KN
(Fd)stability: 113.42 KN

Step 4: Determination of Fo (Basic Compression Capacity Load)

Assume single core support at bearing end (bs=200mm)
 (Fo)grouted: 178.42 KN

Assume single core support at mid-height (bs=200mm)

(Fo)grouted: 498.57 KN

Assume double core reinforced at bearing end (bs=400mm)

(Fo)grouted: 356.83 KN

Assume double core reinforced+ one core reinforced at mid-height (bs=400mm)

(Fo)grouted: 843.19 KN

Step 5: Determination of kb
kb : 1 for partially grouted
Step 6: Stability (Mid-height)
Srs Slenderness ratio Srs=𝛼vH/Ktt 11.84
𝛼v Laterally supported along its top edge 0.75
H Height of wall 3000
Kt no engagement of piers 1
t 190
eccentricity (e) W2*tw/6/(W1+W2) 9.39
kes Reduction factor 0.78

Step 7: Check Demand vs Capacity

Support Type Extend of Grouting Location

Single Core Grouted Bearing

Double Core Grouted Bearing
Single Core Grouted Mid-height
Double Core Grouted Mid-height

Therefore, the wall with grouted and beam resting on single core or two cores will be safe for both bearing and stabil

(B) For wall BC

Floor G (KN) Q (KN)
Total: Top (BC wall) 138.6 0.00
Total: Second (BC wall) 122.85 47.25
Slab: First (BC wall) 78.75 47.25
considering 1 m strip with only one core is grouted/reinforced every 1m length of wall
Step1: Calculate of structural properties
Dead load from top stories (G): 37.35 kN/m
Live load from top stories (Q): 6.75 kN/m
W1 : 54.95 kN/m
Dead load from first floor slab (G): 11.25 kN/m
Live load from first floor slab (Q): 6.75 kN/m
W2 : 23.63 kN/m

Symbol Calculation Value

G Total dead load at the top of wall 340.20
Distributed dead load at top of wall 48.60
Q Total live load at the top of long wall 94.50
Distributed live load at top of wall 13.50
Fd Load combination for External Walls 78.57
∅ Capacity reduction factor 0.75
kh 1.30
km 1.60
f'mb f'mb=km(f'uc)^1/2 6.20
f'm f'm=khf'mb 8.06
Ab Bedded area 60000.00
f'cg 12.00
Ag Area of grout 26000.00
fsy 500.00
kc 1.40
αr 0.40
As 200.96

Simplified Method
Srs Slenderness ratio Srs=𝛼vH/Ktt 11.84
𝛼v Laterally supported along its top edge 0.75
H Height of wall 3000
Kt no engagement of piers 1
t 190
eccentricity (e) W2*tw/6/(W1+W2) 9.52
kes Reduction factor 0.78

Fd ≤ 399.50 kN/m
Fd(78.57 kN/m)≤ (399.50 kN/m) safe
(C) For wall EF
Floor G (KN) Q (KN)
Total: Top (EF wall) 233.1 0.00
Total: Second (EF wall) 201.6 94.50
Slab: First (EF wall) 157.5 94.50
considering 1 m strip with only one core is grouted/reinforced every 1m length of wall
Dead load from top stories (G): 62.10 kN/m
Live load from top stories (Q): 13.50 kN/m
W1 : 94.77 kN/m
Dead load from first floor slab (G): 22.50 kN/m
Live load from first floor slab (Q): 13.50 kN/m
W2 : 47.25 kN/m

Step1: Calculate of structural properties

Symbol Calculation Value
G Total dead load at the top of wall 592.20
Distributed dead load at top of wall 84.60
Q Total live load at the top of long wall 189.00
Distributed live load at top of wall 27.00
Fd Load combination for External Walls 142.02
∅ Capacity reduction factor 0.75
kh 1.30
km 1.60
f'mb f'mb=km(f'uc)^1/2 6.20
f'm f'm=khf'mb 8.06
Ab Bedded area 60000.00
f'cg 12.00
Ag Area of grout 26000.00
fsy 500.00
kc 1.40
αr 0.40
As 200.96

Simplified Method
Srs Slenderness ratio Srs=𝛼vH/Ktt 11.84
𝛼v Laterally supported along its top edge 0.75
H Height of wall 3000
Kt no engagement of piers 1
t 190
eccentricity (e) W2*tw/6/(W1+W2) 10.54
 kes Reduction factor 0.79

Fd ≤ 404.29 kN/m
Fd(142.02 kN/m)≤ (404.29 kN/m) safe

(D) For wall DC

Floor G (KN) Q (KN)
Total: Top (DF wall) 114.45 0.00
Total: Second (DF wall) 102.2 36.75
Slab: First (DF wall) 61.25 36.75
considering 1 m strip with only one core is grouted/reinforced every 1m length of wall
Step1: Calculate of structural properties
Dead load from top stories (G): 33.33 kN/m
Live load from top stories (Q): 5.65 kN/m
W1 : 48.48 kN/m
Dead load from first floor slab (G): 9.42 kN/m
Live load from first floor slab (Q): 5.65 kN/m
W2 : 19.79 kN/m

Symbol Calculation Value

G Total dead load at the top of wall 277.90
Distributed dead load at top of wall 42.75
Q Total live load at the top of long wall 73.50
Distributed live load at top of wall 11.31
Fd Load combination for External Walls 68.27
∅ Capacity reduction factor 0.75
kh 1.30
km 1.60
f'mb f'mb=km(f'uc)^1/2 6.20
f'm f'm=khf'mb 8.06
Ab Bedded area 60000.00
f'cg 12.00
Ag Area of grout 26000.00
fsy 500.00
kc 1.40
αr 0.40
As 200.96
Simplified Method
Srs Slenderness ratio Srs=𝛼vH/Ktt 11.84
𝛼v Laterally supported along its top edge 0.75
H Height of wall 3000
Kt no engagement of piers 1
t 190
eccentricity (e) W2*tw/6/(W1+W2) 9.18
kes Reduction factor 0.78

Fd ≤ 397.90 kN/m
Fd(68.27kN/m)≤ (397.90 kN/m) safe
 Unit Reference
KN
kN/m
KN
kN/m
KN/m w: 1.2G+1.5Q
Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018
Table 3.2:AS 3700:2018
Table 3.1:AS 3700:2018
MPa Cl.3.3.2: AS 3700:2018
MPa Cl.3.3.2: AS 3700:2018
mm2
MPa Cl.3.5: AS 3700:2018
mm2
 MPa
Cl.8.5.1 AS 3700:2018
Cl.8.5.1 AS 3700:2018
mm 2
N16 bar

Cl.7.3.4.3: AS 3700:2018
Cl.7.3.4.3: AS 3700:2018
mm
Cl.7.3.4.3: AS 3700:2018
mm
mm Cl.7.3.4.4: AS 3700:2018
Cl.8.5.1 AS 3700:2018 (1-0.025Sr)(1-2e/t)

Cl.8.5.1 AS 3700:2018

we have to check for both,

 Cl.8.5.1 AS 3700:2018

Cl.8.5.1 AS 3700:2018

Ag: 52000 mm2

tially grouted Cl. 8.5.2.4 AS 3700:2018

Cl.7.3.4.3: AS 3700:2018 Cl.7.3.4.3: AS 3700:2018

Cl.7.3.4.3: AS 3700:2018
mm
Cl.7.3.4.3: AS 3700:2018
mm
mm Cl.7.3.4.4: AS 3700:2018
Cl.8.5.1 AS 3700:2018

Capacity
Demand (Fd) KN Safety
(kFo) KN
178.4 46.70 Safe
356.8 60.04 Safe
389.5 100.07 Safe
658.7 113.42 Safe

safe for both bearing and stability.

 Unit Reference
KN
kN/m W1/1.2
KN
kN/m W2/1.5
KN/m w: 1.2G+1.5Q
Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018
Table 3.2:AS 3700:2018
Table 3.1:AS 3700:2018
MPa Cl.3.3.2: AS 3700:2018
MPa Cl.3.3.2: AS 3700:2018
mm 2

MPa Cl.3.5: AS 3700:2018

mm2
MPa
Cl.8.5.1 AS 3700:2018
Cl.8.5.1 AS 3700:2018
mm2 N16 bar

Cl.7.3.4.3: AS 3700:2018
Cl.7.3.4.3: AS 3700:2018
mm
Cl.7.3.4.3: AS 3700:2018
mm
mm Cl.7.3.4.4: AS 3700:2018
Cl.8.5.1 AS 3700:2018 (1-0.025Sr)(1-2e/t)

Cl.8.5.1 AS 3700:2018
 Unit Reference
KN
kN/m W1/1.2
KN
kN/m W2/1.5
KN/m w: 1.2G+1.5Q
Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018
Table 3.2:AS 3700:2018
Table 3.1:AS 3700:2018
MPa Cl.3.3.2: AS 3700:2018
MPa Cl.3.3.2: AS 3700:2018
mm 2

MPa Cl.3.5: AS 3700:2018

mm2
MPa
Cl.8.5.1 AS 3700:2018
Cl.8.5.1 AS 3700:2018
mm2 N16 bar

Cl.7.3.4.3: AS 3700:2018
Cl.7.3.4.3: AS 3700:2018
mm
Cl.7.3.4.3: AS 3700:2018
mm
mm Cl.7.3.4.4: AS 3700:2018
 Cl.8.5.1 AS 3700:2018 (1-0.025Sr)(1-2e/t)

Cl.8.5.1 AS 3700:2018

Unit Reference
KN
kN/m W1/1.2
KN
kN/m W2/1.5
KN/m w: 1.2G+1.5Q
Table 4.1: AS 3700:2018
Table 3.2:AS 3700:2018
Table 3.1:AS 3700:2018
MPa Cl.3.3.2: AS 3700:2018
MPa Cl.3.3.2: AS 3700:2018
mm2
MPa Cl.3.5: AS 3700:2018
mm2
MPa
Cl.8.5.1 AS 3700:2018
Cl.8.5.1 AS 3700:2018
mm 2
N16 bar
 Cl.7.3.4.3: AS 3700:2018
Cl.7.3.4.3: AS 3700:2018
mm
Cl.7.3.4.3: AS 3700:2018
mm
mm Cl.7.3.4.4: AS 3700:2018
Cl.8.5.1 AS 3700:2018 (1-0.025Sr)(1-2e/t)

Cl.8.5.1 AS 3700:2018
s