Power banks, are portable batteries with electronics to regulate power in and

out. When electricity is available, they can be recharged using a USB charger and then
used to charge a variety of devices that typically utilize a USB charger, including mobile
phones and other battery-operated things. The word "power bank" refers to a place
where money can be deposited, kept, and taken as needed. These items are also often
referred to as portable chargers, as they can charge items like mobile phones without
the need to be connected to the mains during charging, although they will need to be
charged, and this normally requires a mains charger (“What is a Power Bank - portable
charger”, n.d.).

The communication system plays a vital role in the present modern society.
Electronic device sizes have gone down from macro to micro, then switching to
nanometer scale as semiconductor technology advances (Welser et al., 2011). For
instance, the design of today's cell phones has a small operating system and uses touch
screen technologies. These mobile phones' distinctive features include data storage,
audio-visual music, a navigation system, conference calls, online shopping, online
education, etc., which demands a battery system with a huge capacity (Allag et al., 2014;
Rahim et al., 2012)

The primary challenge or drawback associated with communication lines is

attributed to the electrical lines' distortion or the absence of electricity production,
particularly in rural areas or in the aftermath of disasters or other natural catastrophes.
There is a need for a sustainable energy source that can operate continuously, 24 hours
a day, in order to mitigate these constraints. One of a kind is the solar power bank. The
device harnesses solar energy to transform sunlight into electrical energy, facilitating
the process of recharging cellular devices. These devices are critical for communication
purposes and are indispensable during emergency situations and instances of power
disruption (HaoHou, 2014).

Thus, the principal rationale for selecting this project is its utilization of
renewable energy sources as a charging method, which circumvents the issue of
perpetual power and charge consumption. The product exhibits a higher degree of user-
friendliness and a lower level of environmental pollution. This device exhibits user-
friendly features and exceptional durability, ensuring sustained functionality in times of
emergency and electrical disruptions. These devices have the capability to operate in
remote areas with restricted access to electrical power. During periods of inclement
weather characterized by precipitation and overcast skies, it may be necessary to
exercise caution and handle the object delicately to prevent rusting (Liu, 2009).

Integrated lithium-ion battery is made to be compatible and only has a small

amount of energy storage to run smartphones. This means that these batteries can
supply energy for hours and maximum a day, subject to mobile device usage patterns
phone. It indicates that the built-in battery is empty and then the need to plug in for
battery recharge. the changing can be done using a plug-in device or a portable external
device. power banks are examples of energy sources (Joshi, 2015).

These lightweight, compact, and easy rechargeable power banks are widely used
to charge virtually all portable devices electrical appliances. High-capacity batteries are
necessary for mobile phones to extend their functioning time (Allag et al., 2014).
Consequently, the range of power banks with increased capabilities from 2000 mAh to
20,000 mAh or more are in excellent condition. demand for mobile phone charging.
Some of the portable electronic gadgets charged by the power bank are shown in Figure
1.
 The power bank is made up of three parts, including hardware protection circuit,
a lithium-ion battery, and external case. The power bank's battery is its most important
component. hardware safeguards regulate the current, voltage, and also the
temperature. The LED measures the power bank's condition. profiles to improve the
device's performance. The block diagram of the power bank is shown in Fig. 2.

There are the two primary factors to take consideration while selecting solar panels
or building solar systems. Amp Hours are used to measure battery capacity. The simple
equation below converts the AH value into Watt Hours by multiplying it by the battery
voltage.
X x Y Z=
where,
Y = Battery Voltage
Z = Power available in watt hours
X=Battery size in AH.

It is a well-established fact that the power supply to a battery cannot be sustained

once the voltage falls below the prescribed threshold of the equipment. Consequently,
the complete utilization of battery power is impeded by these constraints.
Approximately half of the rated power output of lead acid batteries and 80% of the rated
power output of lithium ion batteries will be supplied (Otto et. al., 2014).
References:

Allag, T., & Liu, W. Battery-charging considerations for high-power portable devices.

Hou, C. H., Yen, C. T., Wu, T. H., & Moo, C. S. (2013, April). A battery power bank of serial
battery power modules with buck-boost converters. In 2013 IEEE 10th
International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS) (pp. 211-
216). IEEE.
Joshi, A. (2015). Low cost, portable and extendable power bank. International Journal of
Scientific & Engineering Research, 6(4), 87-89.

Liu, K., & Makaran, J. (2009, October). Design of a solar powered battery charger. In
2009 IEEE electrical power & energy conference (EPEC) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

Otto, K. N. (2003). Product design: techniques in reverse engineering and new product
development. 清华大学出版社有限公司.

Rahim, Y. A., Che Pee, A. N., & Othman, M. A. (2012). Observation on the Us es of Mobile
Phones to Support Informal Learning. International Journal of Interactive Mobile
Technologies, 6(4).

Roco, M. C., Hersam, M. C., Mirkin, C. A., Welser, J., Wolf, S. A., Avouris, P., & Theis, T.
(2011). Applications: nanoelectronics and nanomagnetics. Nanotechnology
Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020: Retrospective and Outlook, 375-
415.