MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AT LAGUNA

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

ARC106P
Architectural Design 7: Community Architecture and Urban Design

RESEARCH PAPER 1

Submitted by:
GALAGALA, KC GLAIZA A.
2019154008
ARC106P / C71

Date Submitted:
30 August 2023

Submitted to:
Ar. Job Enrick M. Berroya, uap, rmp

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I. Case Study

International Case Studies

A Case Study on PATH Architecture’s Catalytic Condominium in Portland

The Catalytic Condominium is an 8-storey condominium situated in Portland and is designed by PATH
Architecture. It is an example of cost-effectiveness and labor sensitivity of engineered wood products while helping
regenerate Oregon’s local timber industry.

Developer and Architect Ben Kaiser’s big idea centers on mass timber framing and, in particular, cross-laminated
timber (CLT). CLT makes up the framing component for Carbon12, an eight-story condominium tower completed
in January 2018 and designed and developed by Kaiser’s firms Path Architecture and Kaiser Group, respectively.
“It’s is such a dramatic improvement on the carbon footprint created by steel and concrete,” he says of the
engineered wood product.

With a growing population and rapid development, much of recent focus has been on Portland’s city center, in an
effort to preserve the existing natural landscape that surrounds the urban areas. Built of prefabricated cross-
laminated timber panels and glulam beams around a steel core, Carbon12’s hybrid construction aids the city’s
densification, given its off-site construction and quick assembly that help both reduce costs and respond to
residential needs.

The building rises to a height of 85 feet, with two ground floor retail spaces that activate the neighborhood beneath
14 condominium units. Thinner floor plates allow two units per floor, facing east and west, in addition to recessed
balconies, 22 underground parking spaces are also situated within a mechanized system.

Another advantage to the use of mass timber is its environmental benefits, primarily carbon sequestration. As
trees decompose or burn, the CO2 they previously naturally captured is released back into the atmosphere, but
timber harvesting keeps the CO2 trapped within the wood. An increase in the use of timber for construction is
also a catalyst for tree planting and employment within a revival of the industry.

Further complimenting the sustainable aspects of the material, Carbon12 also includes an advanced earthquake
reduction system and rooftop terraces with a solar-heated domestic hot water system. The building is the first
phase of the redevelopment of its block, and years after the site’s rezoning in 2013.

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Code Restrictions
In the past, Portland’s building code restricted wood-framed buildings to 65 feet. “Wood has historically been very
limited in what you can build, and how high you can go because of fire concerns,” says Amit Kumar, a senior
structural engineer with the City of Portland’s Bureau of Development Services.

Three years ago, in 2015, the American Wood Council introduced four new standards for mass timber framing
that were adopted in that year’s International Building Code. Kaiser, whose companies had previously built the
five-story, mass-timber Radiator building, also in Portland, says he “went into the project overly optimistic, as we
have to do as developers,” thinking the local code would be updated in time for Carbon12 to be built.

That did and didn’t happen. Carbon12 was constructed ahead of new codes being implemented in Portland
because of a state-based workaround. The city had been prepared to approve a wood building exceeding 65 feet
if the owner agreed to outside review of its design; at an estimated $400,000 to $600,000 for this service, Kaiser
believed it was too costly. In a lucky break, Oregon issued a Statewide Alternative Method (SAM) directive in
2015 allowing tall CLT timber buildings to be built immediately—just in time for Carbon12's construction to break
ground in July 2016.

Meanwhile, Kaiser, unaware of the coming workaround, had chosen CLT over other engineered wood products
for the very purpose of expediting approvals. Gov. Kate Brown, whose office approved the SAM implementation,
even attended Carbon12’s topping-out ceremony.

The codes have continued to evolve since Carbon12’s completion. In April, an International Code Council
committee recommended allowing the construction of mass-timber structures (including nail-laminated timber,
glue-laminated timber, and structural composite lumber) up to 18 stories. Last month, the state of Oregon issued
an addendum to its directive, removing the six-story limit and allowing mass timber buildings up to 85 feet.

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“If we went to the City of Portland today with a project similar to Carbon12, there would be very few hurdles, if
any, to overcome,” Kaiser says. “Everyone has realized that the term ‘wood structure' needs to be re-imagined
as something far different than it once was. These products, when correctly manufactured and installed, act much
more like concrete than the wood we're accustomed to.”

A Case Study on Jardim by Isay Weinfeld

Located on 527 West 27th Street, in “the heart of West Chelsea” and overlooking the highline, Jardim is a set of
two, 11-storey luxury condominium buildings designed by Brazilian architect Isay Weinfeld. His first project in New
York, the buildings comprise 36 condominium residences, each with between 1-4 bedrooms. Many of the
residences will have private outdoor spaces, providing “seamless indoor-outdoor living."

The Jardim project will feature a series of lush, landscaped gardens, including a 40’ x 60’ interior garden planted
with mature trees and bushes. A dramatic private driveway running through the block, an indoor swimming pool,
a fitness centre and a massage room are just some of the on-site amenities that Jardim will offer.

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The stepped volumes of Jardim Sul, one crafted from richly-textured concrete imprinted with the grain of wood
planks, the other finished in classic ruddy-brown brick, create a slender profile on Jardim’s southern edge on West
27th Street. The tower’s compact footprint and intimate scale allow for full-floor residences with direct private
elevator access and multiple exposures. Five two-bedroom residences offer expansive floor-to-ceiling windows
and sliding glass doors opening onto shady south- and east-facing corner terraces; a pair of three-bedroom duplex
penthouses occupying the uppermost floors boast luxurious private terraces cascading with garden greenery.

Floor-to-ceiling sliding glass doors and windows with virtually invisible frames and pristine panes of glass usher
in the light and sweetly scented breeze from the gardens beyond or below.

Weinfeld designed each of Jardim’s intimately scaled, 11-story towers in a distinct but related architectural
language, creating a unified, elegantly-proportioned, and richly-layered composition.

Sited along the property’s northern edge, fronting both West 28th Street and the central gardens, Jardim Norte is
comprised of 29 residences ranging from one- to four-bedrooms, including a four-bedroom penthouse. Along the
south-facing garden elevation, walls of floor-to-ceiling glass and sliding doors leading to private terraces give
residences maximum daylight and landscape views. The north façade’s lower floors, finished in warm concrete
bearing the richly-textured imprint of timber planks, are animated with a lively, irregular grid of sliding windows
with pocketing wood screens. Integral planters and window boxes along the façade extend Jardim’s garden
greenery up towards the sky.

Project Location
Address: 527 West 27th Street

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A Case Study on Tadao Ando’s 152 Elizabeth

Tadao Ando has unveiled his first New York building. An “ultra-luxury” condominium project known as 152
Elizabeth Street, the 32,000-square-foot building will replace an existing parking lot with a concrete structure
comprised of seven residences - all of which will be “treated as custom homes” and “individually configured.”

When describing 152 Elizabeth, Tadao Ando felt that along with embracing Manhattan, it was a paramount for
the building to create a sort of sanctuary apart from it. According to Ando, “A home has to be a place where you

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can reflect on your life. This project is about that. When you come home, 152 Elizabeth should give a quiet feeling.
I have to make something that touches human hearts and leaves a feeling inside of them”.

In regards to the building, Ando speaks about 152 Elizabeth being made of “20th-century materials” — concrete,
iron, and glass. For a building to truly work, Ando believes there has to be a balance of its elements — not just
between the light and the shadow, but also between the water, the greenery, the steel, and the glass. About 152
Elizabeth, Ando says that “Every single thing has to be in harmony”.

“Part concrete, part jewel box, the building makes a strong yet quiet statement with a façade comprised of
voluminous glass, galvanized steel and flanked by poured in-place concrete and a living green wall that rises the
height of the building,” says the architects. The green wall, measuring 55-feet-high and 99-feet-wide and spanning
the entire southern façade, is expected to be one of the largest in New York and will be designed by landscaping
firm M. Paul Friedberg and Partners.

“One of the building’s signature design features is found in its vestibule, a floor-to ceiling water wall with grooved
glass panels that is naturally backlit by diffused natural light,” said the architects, commenting on the building’s
design which will reference four primary elements - light, sound, air, and water. “Residents and visitors
immediately experience the tension between light and shadow, with light piercing through slits in the walls,
animating the room’s architectural concrete surfaces.” With these remarks, the architects carefully and
thoughtfully integrated the lighting and design together to form harmonious space for users. While light has long
been a signature of Ando’s architecture, Gabellini points out that Ando has mastered light because he combines
it “with the idea of the shadow playing in.” Upon entering the building, one will immediately experience the tension
between light and shadow to profound effect. In the residences, natural light will be brought in via floor-to-ceiling
windows that frame the space. Artificial-lighting concepts will be incorporated to provide ambience and balance
daylight—or occasionally simulate it.

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“Complementing the water wall in the front vestibule, the lobby will host another design feature with atmospheric
quality and elemental presence. Carved within the exterior concrete wall parallel to the East elevation of the lobby
will be a dynamic fog and light installation that interacts with the natural environment. The ever-changing
installation will transition naturally depending on the time of day, night, weather conditions and season. Paired
with the ambient noise from the water wall, the volume of illuminated mist furthers the sensory experience,
creating a sanctuary from the bustling city immediately upon entering the building. The accessibility of these
environmental features in the building’s public spaces serve to provide a cohesive sense of pleasure and visual
stimulation.”

At 152 Elizabeth, Michael Gabellini likens his role as its interior architect to that of a made-to-measure suit tailor.
Of integrating his immaculately detailed designs into the Tadao Ando–designed building, he says, “I wouldn’t say
what I’m doing is couture. I don’t know if I’d even use an overused word like ‘bespoke.’ I think the word for this
building is ‘tailored.’” By that, he means that each of the seven residences is individually configured to create, as
he puts it, “optimal proportionality so that programmatically these apartments are sustainable through successive
owners.” The main idea, he stresses, is for the spaces to be so timeless—and of such high quality—that they’re
cherished, maintained, and passed down, not torn apart and replaced by something else a few decades later.
Establishing the 152 Elizabeth residences required honing in on four main concepts, or elements, that define the
interior and exterior spaces: light, air, sound, and water.

Sound was also a “defining element” for Gabellini, who wished to construct an acoustical cocoon that allows for
concentration and comfort. Using airport-quality exterior glass, the window-wall façade removes outside noise.
Wood-paneled areas between each residence’s public and private areas will contribute to each space’s acoustical
qualities, as will the custom Dinesen oak flooring planks. Accentuating this seamless setting will be full-height
doors and floating walls.

Nature is celebrated throughout. From the water wall in the vestibule to reflecting pools in the penthouse, water
will add a sense of animation and contemplation. The sprawling downtown views will round out the space, bringing
the outside in and the inside out. One of the building’s most distinctive features will be a 55-foot-high and 99-foot-
wide living green wall that hugs the fourth and fifth floor terraces. Of the resulting residences, Gabellini says, “I
look as this as a composition of complementary opposites. Ando’s primary elements—light and water—have been
layered with two additional elements: air and sound. These environmental spatial attributes—light, air, sound, and
water—are creating the frame for these portraits that are individual living spaces.”

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Local Case Studies

A Case Study on Eastbay Residences’ Larsen Tower by Rockwell Primaries

Rockwell Primaries has created a vibrant but distinctly laid-back neighborhood at East Bay Residences. Enjoy
wide open spaces and lush landscapes in a peaceful atmosphere without venturing far from the heart of Metro
Manila.

Located in KM21 East Service Road, Sucat, Muntinlupa City, East Bay Residences is within minutes from various
retail hubs and service centers.

In it is the newly-launched The Larsen Tower, which is set to stand 20-stories high following The Fordham Tower,
Rockwell Primaries’ first residential building in the property. Residents can also enjoy exclusive amenities and a
carefully curated Retail Row catering to their every want and need.

Price Range: ₱5.8M – ₱29.6M

Unit Size Range: 35-107 sqm

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Bedrooms

One Bedroom

Price Range – ₱5.6M – ₱8M

Size Range – 36 – 39 sqm

Two Bedroom
Price Range – ₱10.3M – ₱11.1M

Size Range – 57 sqm

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Two Bedroom Prime

Price Range – ₱10.2M – ₱11.6M

Size Range – 65 – 67 sqm

Three Bedroom

Price Range – ₱12.4M – ₱29.6M

Size Range – 78 – 191 sqm

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Everything you need is within reach at East Bay Residences in Sucat, Muntinlupa. Apart from the condominium's
close proximity to business districts, commercial centers, prominent schools, and established retail malls in Sucat
and Alabang, East Bay Residences is also located near main thoroughfares and highways to get to the North, or
further down South for quick out of town trips.

1KM
Sucat Interchange, SM Hypermarket, Our Lady of Miraculous Medal, National Shrine, Concepcion Industries,
Posadas Village

3KM
Santana Grove, SM BF

5KM
BF Homes, PAREF Southridge, Alabang Exit, Alabang Hills, Alabang 400, Hillsborough, Madison Galeries
Lifestyle Mall, Sacred Heart of Jesus Parish, San Beda College Alabang, New Life Christian

7KM
Ayala Alabang Village, Palms Country Club, Alabang Town Center, Commerce Center, Molito, Festival Mall,
Asian Hospital, De La Salle Zobel, PAREF Woodrose, Madrigal Business Park

Site Development Plan

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A Case Study on The Vantage at Kapitolyo by Rockwell Primaries

Strategically located in Kapitolyo, Pasig, in the corner of West Capitol Drive and United Street, The Vantage
features two high-rise residential towers. It is nestled among the four major commercial business districts of BGC,
Makati, Mandaluyong and Ortigas. The condo also brings you closer to delightful food and lifestyle discoveries
brought about by the endearing Kapitolyo neighborhood, giving a unique touch to your condominium experience.

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The Vantage at Kapitolyo is an integrated vertical village that sits at the heart of it all.

Price Range: ₱14.4M – ₱26.7M

Unit Size Range: 70 – 122 sqm

Settling in an exciting location like Kapitolyo is only half the fun. Now, you can bring all that inspiration into your
home too.

The Vantage at Kapitolyo in Pasig features generous condominium unit cuts. This gives you flexibility to turn your
private space into a home you can truly call your own. Bring in quirky details through unique furnishings or keep
things simple to complement your modern sensibilities. Immerse in your unique style at The Vantage by Rockwell
Primaries.

The Vantage at Kapitolyo prides itself with studio to three- bedroom units. Depending on what you and your family
need, numerous selections are available for you. Whether you are a single professional or a growing close-knit
family, we are here to provide you what you desire and deserve.

The Vantage at Kapitolyo is strategically situated in a prime location at the center of four major business districts
namely BGC, Makati, Mandaluyong and Ortigas. With the condominium in close proximity to the main offices of
prominent local and international companies, malls, and renowned educational institutions, you can enjoy a safe,
relaxing haven in the middle of a lively metro.

Located at the corner of United Street and West Capitol Drive in Pasig, The Vantage at Kapitolyo sits right in the
middle of a quaint residential neighborhood, giving you that “home within a city” experience.

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1KM

Rockwell Business Center – Sheridan, Unilab, San Miguel Corp., TV5 Media Center, EDSA Shangri-La,
Richmonde Hotel, Astoria, Shangri-La Plaza, Estancia, The 30th

3KM

Meralco, Rockwell Business Center – Ortigas, JPMorgan Chase, Philippine Stock Exchange Ortigas, Marco
Polo, The Portal, Crowne Plaza, The Mind Museum, Rockwell Center, Aruga, Rockwell Club, Power Plant Mall,
SM Megamall, The Podium, Robinsons Galleria, Tiendesitas, S&R Shaw

5KM

British Embassy, Korean Embassy, Eastwood City, Union Bank, New World Hotel, Makati Shangri-La,
Discovery Primea, Bonifacio High Street, Greenbelt, Glorietta

Site Development Plan

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A Case Study on 53 Benitez by Rockwell Primaries

53 Benitez in Quezon City is the first development of Rockwell Primaries and is move-in ready. The mid-rise
project brings together all the qualities of an ideal home within reach. Located in a quaint neighborhood in New
Manila, its two and three-bedroom condominium units are ideal for families looking for a new home in a tight-knit
community that enjoys modern conveniences.

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Located in an ideal spot in Quezon City, 53 Benitez is highly accessible and transit-oriented by its proximity to
major thoroughfares. Your home is notably close to Metro Manila’s top schools, hospitals, and business districts.
TOP SCHOOLS
1. La Salle Greenhills
2. Xavier School
3. Immaculate Conception Academy
4. St. Pedro Poveda Learning Center
5. St. Paul Quezon City
CHURCH
1. Mt. Carmel Parish
2. Santuario de San Jose
3. Mary the Queen Parish
HOSPITAL
1. St. Luke’s Medical Center
2. Cardinal Santos Medical Center
3. The Medical City
COMMERCIAL & SHOPPING ESTABLISHMENTS
1. Santolan Town Plaza
2. Greenhills Shopping Center
3. Robinsons Magnolia
4. SM Megamall
5. Shangri-La Plaza
6. Robinsons Galleria
7. Smart Araneta Coliseum
Site Development Plan

At 53 Benitez, safety and security is the standard where your home will be accessible through a gated entrance.
The condominiums’ perimeter is well-lit, and security personnel will keep watch over your home around the clock.

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Comparison Chart

II. Site Analysis of the Project

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III. Applicable Building Laws

REPUBLIC ACT No. 4726 June 18, 1966

AN ACT TO DEFINE CONDOMINIUM, ESTABLISH REQUIREMENTS FOR ITS CREATION, AND GOVERN
ITS INCIDENTS.

Section 1. The short title of this Act shall be "The Condominium Act".

Section 2. A condominium is an interest in real property consisting of separate interest in a unit in a residential,
industrial or commercial building and an undivided interest in common, directly or indirectly, in the land on which
it is located and in other common areas of the building. A condominium may include, in addition, a separate
interest in other portions of such real property. Title to the common areas, including the land, or the appurtenant
interests in such areas, may be held by a corporation specially formed for the purpose (hereinafter known as the
"condominium corporation") in which the holders of separate interest shall automatically be members or
shareholders, to the exclusion of others, in proportion to the appurtenant interest of their respective units in the
common areas.

The real right in condominium may be ownership or any other interest in real property recognized by law, on
property in the Civil Code and other pertinent laws.

Section 3. As used in this Act, unless the context otherwise requires:

(a) "Condominium" means a condominium as defined in the next preceding section.

(b) "Unit" means a part of the condominium project intended for any type of independent use or ownership,
including one or more rooms or spaces located in one or more floors (or part or parts of floors) in a building or
buildings and such accessories as may be appended thereto.

(c) "Project" means the entire parcel of real property divided or to be divided in condominiums, including all
structures thereon,

(d) "Common areas" means the entire project excepting all units separately granted or held or reserved.

(e) "To divide" real property means to divide the ownership thereof or other interest therein by conveying one or
more condominiums therein but less than the whole thereof.

Section 4. The provisions of this Act shall apply to property divided or to be divided into condominiums only if
there shall be recorded in the Register of Deeds of the province or city in which the property lies and duly
annotated in the corresponding certificate of title of the land, if the latter had been patented or registered under
either the Land Registration or Cadastral Acts, an enabling or master deed which shall contain, among others,
the following:

(a) Description of the land on which the building or buildings and improvements are or are to be located;

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(b) Description of the building or buildings, stating the number of stories and basements, the number of units and
their accessories, if any;

(c) Description of the common areas and facilities;

(d) A statement of the exact nature of the interest acquired or to be acquired by the purchaser in the separate
units and in the common areas of the condominium project. Where title to or the appurtenant interests in the
common areas is or is to be held by a condominium corporation, a statement to this effect shall be included;

(e) Statement of the purposes for which the building or buildings and each of the units are intended or restricted
as to use;

(f) A certificate of the registered owner of the property, if he is other than those executing the master deed, as
well as of all registered holders of any lien or encumbrance on the property, that they consent to the registration
of the deed;

(g) The following plans shall be appended to the deed as integral parts thereof:

(1) A survey plan of the land included in the project, unless a survey plan of the same property had previously
bee filed in said office;

(2) A diagrammatic floor plan of the building or buildings in the project, in sufficient detail to identify each unit, its
relative location and approximate dimensions;

(h) Any reasonable restriction not contrary to law, morals or public policy regarding the right of any condominium
owner to alienate or dispose of his condominium.

The enabling or master deed may be amended or revoked upon registration of an instrument executed by the
registered owner or owners of the property and consented to by all registered holders of any lien or encumbrance
on the land or building or portion thereof. The term "registered owner" shall include the registered owners of
condominiums in the project. Until registration of a revocation, the provisions of this Act shall continue to apply to
such property.

Section 5. Any transfer or conveyance of a unit or an apartment, office or store or other space therein, shall
include the transfer or conveyance of the undivided interests in the common areas or, in a proper case, the
membership or shareholdings in the condominium corporation: Provided, however, That where the common areas
in the condominium project are owned by the owners of separate units as co-owners thereof, no condominium
unit therein shall be conveyed or transferred to persons other than Filipino citizens, or corporations at least sixty
percent of the capital stock of which belong to Filipino citizens, except in cases of hereditary succession. Where
the common areas in a condominium project are held by a corporation, no transfer or conveyance of a unit shall
be valid if the concomitant transfer of the appurtenant membership or stockholding in the corporation will cause
the alien interest in such corporation to exceed the limits imposed by existing laws.

Section 6. Unless otherwise expressly provided in the enabling or master deed or the declaration of restrictions,
the incidents of a condominium grant are as follows:

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(a) The boundary of the unit granted are the interior surfaces of the perimeter walls, floors, ceilings, windows and
doors thereof. The following are not part of the unit bearing walls, columns, floors, roofs, foundations and other
common structural elements of the building; lobbies, stairways, hallways, and other areas of common use,
elevator equipment and shafts, central heating, central refrigeration and central air-conditioning equipment,
reservoirs, tanks, pumps and other central services and facilities, pipes, ducts, flues, chutes, conduits, wires and
other utility installations, wherever located, except the outlets thereof when located within the unit.

(b) There shall pass with the unit, as an appurtenance thereof, an exclusive easement for the use of the air space
encompassed by the boundaries of the unit as it exists at any particular time and as the unit may lawfully be
altered or reconstructed from time to time. Such easement shall be automatically terminated in any air space upon
destruction of the unit as to render it untenantable.

(c) Unless otherwise, provided, the common areas are held in common by the holders of units, in equal shares,
one for each unit.

(d) A non-exclusive easement for ingress, egress and support through the common areas is appurtenant to each
unit and the common areas are subject to such easements.

(e) Each condominium owner shall have the exclusive right to paint, repaint, tile, wax, paper or otherwise refinish
and decorate the inner surfaces of the walls, ceilings, floors, windows and doors bounding his own unit.

(f) Each condominium owner shall have the exclusive right to mortgage, pledge or encumber his condominium
and to have the same appraised independently of the other condominiums but any obligation incurred by such
condominium owner is personal to him.

(g) Each condominium owner has also the absolute right to sell or dispose of his condominium unless the master
deed contains a requirement that the property be first offered to the condominium owners within a reasonable
period of time before the same is offered to outside parties;

Section 7. Except as provided in the following section, the common areas shall remain undivided, and there shall
be no judicial partition thereof.

Section 8. Where several persons own condominiums in a condominium project, an action may be brought by
one or more such persons for partition thereof by sale of the entire project, as if the owners of all of the
condominiums in such project were co-owners of the entire project in the same proportion as their interests in the
common areas: Provided, however, That a partition shall be made only upon a showing:

(a) That three years after damage or destruction to the project which renders material part thereof unit for its use
prior thereto, the project has not been rebuilt or repaired substantially to its state prior to its damage or destruction,
or

(b) That damage or destruction to the project has rendered one-half or more of the units therein untenantable and
that condominium owners holding in aggregate more than thirty percent interest in the common areas are opposed
to repair or restoration of the project; or

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(c) That the project has been in existence in excess of fifty years, that it is obsolete and uneconomic, and that
condominium owners holding in aggregate more than fifty percent interest in the common areas are opposed to
repair or restoration or remodeling or modernizing of the project; or

(d) That the project or a material part thereof has been condemned or expropriated and that the project is no
longer viable, or that the condominium owners holding in aggregate more than seventy percent interest in the
common areas are opposed to continuation of the condominium regime after expropriation or condemnation of a
material portion thereof; or

(e) That the conditions for such partition by sale set forth in the declaration of restrictions, duly registered in
accordance with the terms of this Act, have been met.

Section 9. The owner of a project shall, prior to the conveyance of any condominium therein, register a declaration
of restrictions relating to such project, which restrictions shall constitute a lien upon each condominium in the
project, and shall insure to and bind all condominium owners in the project. Such liens, unless otherwise provided,
may be enforced by any condominium owner in the project or by the management body of such project. The
Register of Deeds shall enter and annotate the declaration of restrictions upon the certificate of title covering the
land included within the project, if the land is patented or registered under the Land Registration or Cadastral
Acts.

The declaration of restrictions shall provide for the management of the project by anyone of the following
management bodies: a condominium corporation, an association of the condominium owners, a board of
governors elected by condominium owners, or a management agent elected by the owners or by the board named
in the declaration. It shall also provide for voting majorities quorums, notices, meeting date, and other rules
governing such body or bodies.

Such declaration of restrictions, among other things, may also provide:

(a) As to any such management body;

(1) For the powers thereof, including power to enforce the provisions of the declarations of restrictions;

(2) For maintenance of insurance policies, insuring condominium owners against loss by fire, casualty, liability,
workmen's compensation and other insurable risks, and for bonding of the members of any management body;

(3) Provisions for maintenance, utility, gardening and other services benefiting the common areas, for the
employment of personnel necessary for the operation of the building, and legal, accounting and other professional
and technical services;

(4) For purchase of materials, supplies and the like needed by the common areas;

(5) For payment of taxes and special assessments which would be a lien upon the entire project or common
areas, and for discharge of any lien or encumbrance levied against the entire project or the common areas;

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(6) For reconstruction of any portion or portions of any damage to or destruction of the project;

(7) The manner for delegation of its powers;

(8) For entry by its officers and agents into any unit when necessary in connection with the maintenance or
construction for which such body is responsible;

(9) For a power of attorney to the management body to sell the entire project for the benefit of all of the owners
thereof when partition of the project may be authorized under Section 8 of this Act, which said power shall be
binding upon all of the condominium owners regardless of whether they assume the obligations of the restrictions
or not.

(b) The manner and procedure for amending such restrictions: Provided, That the vote of not less than a majority
in interest of the owners is obtained.

(c) For independent audit of the accounts of the management body;

(d) For reasonable assessments to meet authorized expenditures, each condominium unit to be assessed
separately for its share of such expenses in proportion (unless otherwise provided) to its owners fractional interest
in any common areas;

(e) For the subordination of the liens securing such assessments to other liens either generally or specifically
described;

(f) For conditions, other than those provided for in Sections eight and thirteen of this Act, upon which partition of
the project and dissolution of the condominium corporation may be made. Such right to partition or dissolution
may be conditioned upon failure of the condominium owners to rebuild within a certain period or upon specified
inadequacy of insurance proceeds, or upon specified percentage of damage to the building, or upon a decision
of an arbitrator, or upon any other reasonable condition.

Section 10. Whenever the common areas in a condominium project are held by a condominium corporation, such
corporation shall constitute the management body of the project. The corporate purposes of such a corporation
shall be limited to the holding of the common areas, either in ownership or any other interest in real property
recognized by law, to the management of the project, and to such other purposes as may be necessary, incidental
or convenient to the accomplishment of said purposes. The articles of incorporation or by-laws of the corporation
shall not contain any provision contrary to or inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, the enabling or master
deed, or the declaration of restrictions of the project. Membership in a condominium corporation, regardless of
whether it is a stock or non-stock corporation, shall not be transferable separately from the condominium unit of
which it is an appurtenance. When a member or stockholder ceases to own a unit in the project in which the
condominium corporation owns or holds the common areas, he shall automatically cease to be a member or
stockholder of the condominium corporation.

Section 11. The term of a condominium corporation shall be co-terminus with the duration of the condominium
project, the provisions of the Corporation Law to the contrary notwithstanding.

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Section 12. In case of involuntary dissolution of a condominium corporation for any of the causes provided by law,
the common areas owned or held by the corporation shall, by way of liquidation, be transferred pro-indiviso and
in proportion to their interest in the corporation to the members or stockholders thereof, subject to the superior
rights of the corporation creditors. Such transfer or conveyance shall be deemed to be a full liquidation of the
interest of such members or stockholders in the corporation. After such transfer or conveyance, the provisions of
this Act governing undivided co-ownership of, or undivided interest in, the common areas in condominium projects
shall fully apply.

Section 13. Until the enabling or the master deed of the project in which the condominium corporation owns or
holds the common area is revoked, the corporation shall not be voluntarily dissolved through an action for
dissolution under Rule 104 of the Rules of Court except upon a showing:

(a) That three years after damage or destruction to the project in which the corporation owns or holds the common
areas, which damage or destruction renders a material part thereof unfit for its use prior thereto, the project has
not been rebuilt or repaired substantially to its state prior to its damage or destruction; or

(b) That damage or destruction to the project has rendered one-half or more of the units therein untenantable and
that more than thirty percent of the members of the corporation, if non-stock, or the shareholders representing
more than thirty percent of the capital stock entitled to vote, if a stock corporation, are opposed to the repair or
reconstruction of the project, or

(c) That the project has been in existence in excess of fifty years, that it is obsolete and uneconomical, and that
more than fifty percent of the members of the corporation, if non-stock, or the stockholders representing more
than fifty percent of the capital stock entitled to vote, if a stock corporation, are opposed to the repair or restoration
or remodeling or modernizing of the project; or

(d) That the project or a material part thereof has been condemned or expropriated and that the project is no
longer viable, or that the members holding in aggregate more than seventy percent interest in the corporation, if
non-stock, or the stockholders representing more than seventy percent of the capital stock entitled to vote, if a
stock corporation, are opposed to the continuation of the condominium regime after expropriation or
condemnation of a material portion thereof; or

(e) That the conditions for such a dissolution set forth in the declaration of restrictions of the project in which the
corporation owns of holds the common areas, have been met.

Section 14. The condominium corporation may also be dissolved by the affirmative vote of all the stockholders or
members thereof at a general or special meeting duly called for the purpose: Provided, That all the requirements
of Section sixty-two of the Corporation Law are complied with.

Section 15. Unless otherwise provided for in the declaration of restrictions upon voluntary dissolution of a
condominium corporation in accordance with the provisions of Sections thirteen and fourteen of this Act, the
corporation shall be deemed to hold a power of attorney from all the members or stockholders to sell and dispose
of their separate interests in the project and liquidation of the corporation shall be effected by a sale of the entire
project as if the corporation owned the whole thereof, subject to the rights of the corporate and of individual
condominium creditors.

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Section 16. A condominium corporation shall not, during its existence, sell, exchange, lease or otherwise dispose
of the common areas owned or held by it in the condominium project unless authorized by the affirmative vote of
all the stockholders or members.

Section 17. Any provision of the Corporation Law to the contrary notwithstanding, the by-laws of a condominium
corporation shall provide that a stockholder or member shall not be entitled to demand payment of his shares or
interest in those cases where such right is granted under the Corporation Law unless he consents to sell his
separate interest in the project to the corporation or to any purchaser of the corporation's choice who shall also
buy from the corporation the dissenting member or stockholder's interest. In case of disagreement as to price, the
procedure set forth in the appropriate provision of the Corporation Law for valuation of shares shall be followed.
The corporation shall have two years within which to pay for the shares or furnish a purchaser of its choice from
the time of award. All expenses incurred in the liquidation of the interest of the dissenting member or stockholder
shall be borne by him.

Section 18. Upon registration of an instrument conveying a condominium, the Register of Deeds shall, upon
payment of the proper fees, enter and annotate the conveyance on the certificate of title covering the land included
within the project and the transferee shall be entitled to the issuance of a "condominium owner's" copy of the
pertinent portion of such certificate of title. Said "condominium owner's" copy need not reproduce the ownership
status or series of transactions in force or annotated with respect to other condominiums in the project. A copy of
the description of the land, a brief description of the condominium conveyed, name and personal circumstances
of the condominium owner would be sufficient for purposes of the "condominium owner's" copy of the certificate
of title. No conveyance of condominiums or part thereof, subsequent to the original conveyance thereof from the
owner of the project, shall be registered unless accompanied by a certificate of the management body of the
project that such conveyance is in accordance with the provisions of the declaration of restrictions of such project.

In cases of condominium projects registered under the provisions of the Spanish Mortgage Law or Act 3344, as
amended, the registration of the deed of conveyance of a condominium shall be sufficient if the Register of Deeds
shall keep the original or signed copy thereof, together with the certificate of the management body of the project,
and return a copy of the deed of conveyance to the condominium owner duly acknowledge and stamped by the
Register of Deeds in the same manner as in the case of registration of conveyances of real property under said
laws.

Section 19. Where the enabling or master deed provides that the land included within a condominium project are
to be owned in common by the condominium owners therein, the Register of Deeds may, at the request of all the
condominium owners and upon surrender of all their "condominium owner's" copies, cancel the certificates of title
of the property and issue a new one in the name of said condominium owners as pro-indiviso co-owners thereof.

Section 20. An assessment upon any condominium made in accordance with a duly registered declaration of
restrictions shall be an obligation of the owner thereof at the time the assessment is made. The amount of any
such assessment plus any other charges thereon, such as interest, costs (including attorney's fees) and penalties,
as such may be provided for in the declaration of restrictions, shall be and become a lien upon the condominium
assessed when the management body causes a notice of assessment to be registered with the Register of Deeds
of the city or province where such condominium project is located. The notice shall state the amount of such
assessment and such other charges thereon a may be authorized by the declaration of restrictions, a description

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of the condominium, unit against which same has been assessed, and the name of the registered owner thereof.
Such notice shall be signed by an authorized representative of the management body or as otherwise provided
in the declaration of restrictions. Upon payment of said assessment and charges or other satisfaction thereof, the
management body shall cause to be registered a release of the lien.

Such lien shall be superior to all other liens registered subsequent to the registration of said notice of assessment
except real property tax liens and except that the declaration of restrictions may provide for the subordination
thereof to any other liens and encumbrances.

Such liens may be enforced in the same manner provided for by law for the judicial or extra-judicial foreclosure
of mortgages of real property. Unless otherwise provided for in the declaration of restrictions, the management
body shall have power to bid at foreclosure sale. The condominium owner shall have the same right of redemption
as in cases of judicial or extra-judicial foreclosure of mortgages.

Section 21. No labor performed or services or materials furnished with the consent of or at the request of a
condominium owner or his agent or his contractor or subcontractor, shall be the basis of a lien against the
condominium of any other condominium owner, unless such other owners have expressly consented to or
requested the performance of such labor or furnishing of such materials or services. Such express consent shall
be deemed to have been given by the owner of any condominium in the case of emergency repairs of his
condominium unit. Labor performed or services or materials furnished for the common areas, if duly authorized
by the management body provided for in a declaration of restrictions governing the property, shall be deemed to
be performed or furnished with the express consent of each condominium owner. The owner of any condominium
may remove his condominium from a lien against two or more condominiums or any part thereof by payment to
the holder of the lien of the fraction of the total sum secured by such lien which is attributable to his condominium
unit.

Section 22. Unless otherwise provided for by the declaration of restrictions, the management body, provided for
herein, may acquire and hold, for the benefit of the condominium owners, tangible and intangible personal
property and may dispose of the same by sale or otherwise; and the beneficial interest in such personal property
shall be owned by the condominium owners in the same proportion as their respective interests in the common
areas. A transfer of a condominium shall transfer to the transferee ownership of the transferor's beneficial interest
in such personal property.

Section 23. Where, in an action for partition of a condominium project or for the dissolution of condominium
corporation on the ground that the project or a material part thereof has been condemned or expropriated, the
Court finds that the conditions provided for in this Act or in the declaration of restrictions have not been met, the
Court may decree a reorganization of the project, declaring which portion or portions of the project shall continue
as a condominium project, the owners thereof, and the respective rights of said remaining owners and the just
compensation, if any, that a condominium owner may be entitled to due to deprivation of his property. Upon
receipt of a copy of the decree, the Register of Deeds shall enter and annotate the same on the pertinent certificate
of title.

Section 24. Any deed, declaration or plan for a condominium project shall be liberally construed to facilitate the
operation of the project, and its provisions shall be presumed to be independent and severable.

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Section 25. Whenever real property has been divided into condominiums, each condominium separately owned
shall be separately assessed, for purposes of real property taxation and other tax purposes to the owners thereof
and the tax on each such condominium shall constitute a lien solely thereon.

Section 26. All Acts or parts of Acts in conflict or inconsistent with this Act are hereby amended insofar as
condominium and its incidents are concerned.

Section 27. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

Approved: June 18, 1966

Fire Code of the Philippines

Structural Code of the Philippines

National Building Code of the Philippines

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Bari, Osman. “PATH Architecture’s Catalytic Condominium in Portland Is the Tallest Timber Building in the US.”

ArchDaily, 27 May 2017, www.archdaily.com/872219/path-architectures-catalytic-condominium-in-portland-is-

the-tallest-timber-building-in-the-us?ad_campaign=normal-tag. Accessed 30 Aug. 2023.

“Condominium | Tag | ArchDaily.” Www.archdaily.com, 20 June 2022, www.archdaily.com/tag/condominium. Accessed

30 Aug. 2023.

“East Bay Residences in Muntinlupa |Condo Unit Types.” Rockwell Primaries, rockwellprimaries.com.ph/projects/east-

bay-residences/. Accessed 30 Aug. 2023.

Lynch, Patrick. “The United States’ First Mass-Timber Highrise Receives Planning Permission.” ArchDaily, 9 June 2017,

www.archdaily.com/873350/the-united-states-first-mass-timber-highrise-receives-planning-

permission?ad_campaign=normal-tag. Accessed 30 Aug. 2023.

“Manila Condo Store.” Manila Condo Store, www.manilacondostore.com/vantage-kapitolyo. Accessed 30 Aug. 2023.

Oh, Eric. “Isay Weinfeld Unveils the Design for His First Project in New York City.” ArchDaily, 28 Dec. 2015,

www.archdaily.com/779284/isay-weinfields-unveils-the-design-for-his-first-project-in-new-york-city. Accessed 30

Aug. 2023.

“Republic Act No. 4726.” Lawphil.net, lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1966/ra_4726_1966.html.

“Site Development Plan.” Rockwell Primaries, rockwellprimaries.com.ph/sections/site-development-plan-2/. Accessed

30 Aug. 2023.

“The Vantage at Kapitolyo | Condo for Sale in Kapitolyo Pasig.” Rockwell Primaries,

rockwellprimaries.com.ph/projects/the-vantage-at-kapitolyo/. Accessed 30 Aug. 2023.

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