Edbn 2451 2022

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Primary Education
EDBN 2451
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EDBN 2451
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ISBN: 978-984-34-0106-9
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D‡jøL‡hvM¨ c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡i‡Q Zv wb¤œiƒc :
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I D‡Ïk¨ cybtwba©viY K‡i|
cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨

wkïi kvixwiK, gvbwmK, mvgvwRK, •bwZK, gvbweK, bv›`wbK, Ava¨vwZ¥K I Av‡ewMK weKvk mvab Ges Zv‡ì
†`kvZ¥‡eva, weÁvbgb®‥Zv, m„RbkxjZv I DbœZ Rxe‡bi ¯^cœ`k©‡b DØy× Kiv|
cÖv_wgK wkÿvi D‡Ïk¨

1. AvjøvnZvqvjv/m„wóKZ©vi cÖwZ wek¦vm I wkïi g‡a¨ •bwZK I gvbweK g~j¨‡eva m„wó Kiv Ges mKj ag© I
ag©vej¤^x‡ì cÖwZ kª×vkxj nIqv|
2. †kLvi cÖwZ BwZevPK g‡bvfve m„wói gva¨‡g wkïi Kíbvkw³, m„RbkxjZv I bv›`wbK †ev‡ai D‡b¥‡l
mnvqZv Kiv|
3. weÁv‡bi bxwZ-c×wZ I cÖhyw³i Ávb AR©b, mgm¨v mgvav‡b Zvi eënvi Ges weÁvbgb¯‥ I AbymwÜrmy
K‡i M‡o Zzj‡Z mnvqZv Kiv|
4. fvlv I †hvMv‡hvM `ÿZvi weKvk Ges wb‡R‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiv|
5. MvwYwZK aviYv, †h․w³K wPšÍv I mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †hvM¨Zv AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv|
6. mvgvwRK I mybvMwiK nIqvi ¸Yvewj Ges wek¦Rbxb `„wófw½ AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv|
7. fv‡jv-g‡›ì cv_©K¨ Abyave‡bi gva¨‡g mwVK c‡_ Pj‡Z DØy× Kiv|
8. Ab¨‡K AMÖvwaKvi †Ìqv, cigZmwnòzZv, Z¨v‡Mi g‡bvfve I wg‡jwg‡k evm Kivi gvbwmKZv m„wó Kiv|
9. cÖwZK‚jZv †gvKvwejvi gva¨‡g wkïi AvZ¥wek¦vm m„wó Kiv|
10. wb‡Ri KvR wb‡R Kivi gva¨‡g kª‡gi gh©v`v Dcjwä I AvZ¥gh©v`v weKv‡k mnvqZv Kiv|
11. cÖK…wZ, cwi‡ek I wek¦RMr m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z I fv‡jvevm‡Z mnvqZv Kiv Ges cwi‡ek msiÿ‡Yi DØy× Kiv|
12. wbivc` I ¯^v¯ ¨m¤§Z Rxebhvc‡b m‡Pó Kiv|
13. RvZxq BwZnvm, HwZn¨, ms¯‥…wZ †`k‡cÖg I gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq D×z×Kivi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`k‡K fv‡jvevm‡Z
mvnvh¨ Kiv|
(Z_¨m~Î : cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg-2011, RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©)
3
cÖv_wgK wkÿvi mdj ev¯Íevq‡b Kvh©Ki I Ab¨Zg mnvqK cwiKíbv n‡jv cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg| Ab¨w`‡K cÖv_wgK
wkÿvµ‡gi cÖ_g avcB n‡jv cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨| g~jZt G‡K †K›`ª K‡iB wkLb-†kLv‡bvi mKj Kvh©µg
cwiPvwjZ n‡q _v‡K| ZvB wkïi cyivcywi wkLb wbwðZ KiY Kvh©µ‡gi mv‡_ mswkøó mK‡ji cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨ I
D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© aviYv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb|
D‡jøL¨, ewY©Z cÖv_wgK wkÿvi D‡Ïk¨ cybtcwigvwR©Z I bevq‡bi Kvh©µg Pjgvb|
cÖkœgvjv : 1
K. mswÿß cÖk:œ
K. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨ Kx Kx?
L. Kxfv‡e cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q?
M. mevi Rb¨ wkÿv msµvšÍ wm×všÍ KZ mv‡j †Kv_vq M„nxZ nq?
N. KZ mv‡j Ges †Kb _vBj¨v‡Ûi RgwZqv‡b wek¦ wkÿv m‡¤§jb n‡qwQj?
O. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi cÖ_g cuvPwU D‡Ïk¨ wjLyb|
P. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi †kl cuvPwU D‡Ïk¨ wjLyb|
L. iPbvg~jK cÖk:œ
1. evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi ivóª cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZi 17 bs Aby‡”Q‡` Kx ejv n‡q‡Q wjLyb|
2. msweav‡bi `vqe×Zv c~i‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ miKvi Kx Kx c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡iwQj Zv e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
3. AvšÍRv© wZK cÖwZkÖæwZ cvj‡b cÖv_wgK wkÿvi †ÿ‡Î evsjv‡`k miKvi Kx Kx c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡i‡Q eY©bv
Kiæb|
4. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi D‡Ïk¨ KqwU I Kx Kx wjLyb|
Z_¨m~Î :
1. AvwRR, cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt Av‡bvqviæj I Ab¨vb¨ (2002), wm Bb GW cÖwkÿYv_x©‡ì Rb¨ cÖv_wgK wkÿv
cwiwPwZ, RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg|
2. Avjx, †gvt iRe I Ab¨vb¨ (2002), evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿv: bxwZ, †K․kj I msMVb, RvZxq cÖv_wgK
wkÿv GKv‡Wwg|
3. Avjx, †gvnv¤§` AvRnvi I †eMg †nvm‡b Aviv (2002), cÖv_wgK wkÿv cwiwPwZ, †bc, evsjv‡`k|
4. cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg-2011, RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©|
4
BDwbU 2 : cÖv_wgK wkÿvi µgweeZ©b
wkÿvi m~Pbv n‡qwQj gvbe mf¨Zvi ïiæi cÖ_g †_‡KB| A_©vr gvbyl hLb eyS‡Z wk‡L‡Q, fve‡Z wk‡L‡Q Ges Zv‡K
Kv‡R jvMv‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q ZLb †_‡KB wkÿvi ïiæ| wkÿvi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| mybvMwiK wn‡m‡e M‡o IVvi GKgvÎ
nvwZqvi n‡”Q wkÿv| wkÿvi gva¨‡g e¨w³i Áv‡bi cwimi e„w× cvq Ges Zvi AvPi‡Yi BwZevPK cwieZ©b N‡U| e¨w³i
cwic~Y© weKvk nq wkÿvi gva¨‡g| Avevi mKj wkÿvi wfwË n‡jv cÖv_wgK wkÿv| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿv m¤ú‡K©
Rvb‡Z n‡j AZxZKvj †_‡K eZ©gvb ch©šÍ cÖv_wgK wkÿvi µgweeZ©b m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì Rvb‡Z n‡e| K‡e †_‡K wkÿvi
m~Pbv n‡qwQj Ges KLb †_‡K AvbyôvwbK wkÿvi aviv ïiæ nq Zv Rvbv GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb| wkÿv n‡jv e¨w³i AvPi‡Yi
¯’vqx cwieZ©b| AvPi‡Yi A‡cÿvK…Z ¯ vqx cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g c~e©cyiæl‡ì wkÿvi avivevwnKZvq AvR Avgiv AvaywbK
mf¨ gvbyl wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ n‡Z †c‡iwQ| ZviB µgweeZ©b Rvbvi Rb¨ G BDwbU‡K PviwU mve-BDwb‡U fvM Kiv
n‡q‡Q| †hgbÑ
2.1 ¯^vaxbZv c~e© cÖv_wgK wkÿv; weªwUk Avg‡j cÖv_wgK wkÿv
2.2 cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j cÖv_wgK wkÿv
2.3 ¯^vaxbZv‡Ëvi cÖv_wgK wkÿv : me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv I mevi Rb¨ wkÿv
2.4 RvZxq wkÿvbxwZ|
2.1 ¯^vaxbZv c~e© cÖv_wgK wkÿv : weªwUk Avg‡j cÖv_wgK wkÿv

1757 mv‡j cjvkxi hy‡× beve wmivRD‡Ï․jv‡K civR‡qi gva¨‡g Bs‡iR kvm‡bi m~Pbv N‡U| gymwjg kvmb eë¯ vi
¯ ‡j ïiæ n‡jv we‡`wk kvm‡bi| G †`‡k AivRKZv AkvwšÍi Kvi‡Y RbRxeb hLb `~we©mn n‡q D‡V ZLb
¯^vfvweKfv‡eB †f‡O c‡o gymwjg kvmbvg‡ji wkÿv eë¯ v| weªwUkiv G‡`k kvmb Ki‡Z wM‡q Dcjwä K‡i GB †`‡k
Zv‡ì kvmb eë¯ v cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ_‡g G‡`‡ki gvbyl‡K K‡Vvifv‡e wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zv‡ì g‡bvfveI
eyS‡Z n‡e|
†m j‡ÿ¨ Zviv G‡`‡ki wkÿv eë¯ v‡K †X‡j mvRv‡bvi Rb¨ 1839 wLª: GKwU KwgwU MVb K‡i hvi cÖavb wQ‡jb jW©
g¨vK&‡j| G KwgwUi wi‡cvU© AbyhvqxÑ G‡`‡ki wkÿv eë¯ v cwieZ©b K‡i Ggb GK wkÿv eë¯ vi cÖeZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e
hvi gva¨‡g G‡`‡k Ggb GK †kÖwYi gvbyl •Zwi n‡e hviv evOvwj n‡jI g‡b cÖv‡Y n‡e weªwUk| Av‡iv ejv nqÑ Bs‡iR
miKvi G‡`‡ki mKj gvby‡li Rb¨ wkÿvi Av‡qvRb Ki‡e bv| eis mgv‡Ri DPuy ¯Í‡ii wKQz gvby‡li Rb¨ wkÿvi eë¯ v
Ki‡e hviv i‡³ gvs‡m evOvwj wKš‧ g‡b cÖv‡Y n‡e weªwUk ev Brown Englishman| H mKj gvby‡li Øviv µ‡g wkÿv
eë¯ v mvaviY ¯Í‡i †c․uQv‡e| g¨vK&‡ji GB bxwZ‡K ejv nq (The Downward Filtration Theory) A_©vr wb¤œMvgx
cwimÖveY bxwZ|
GB bxwZ Abyhvqx wkÿvi gva¨g n‡e Bs‡iwR fvlv| we‡`wk fvlv wkÿvi gva¨g nIqvq Kvi‡Y †`‡ki wkÿv eë¯ vi Pig
AebwZ N‡U| Gw`‡K jv‡LivR m¤úwË ev‡Rqvß †NvlYv Kivi d‡j g³e I gv`ªvmv †Kw›`ªK gymwjg wkÿv eë¯ v cÖvq eÜ
n‡Z em‡jv| weªwUk‡ì wgkbvwi Kg©Kv‡Ði ga¨ w`‡q wLª÷vb ag© cÖPv‡ii ARynv‡Z Bs‡iwR wkÿvi cÖmvi NU‡Z ïiæ
Kij|
Bs‡iR kvmbvgj‡K `yBwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| cÖ_g fvM B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi kvmb Avgj, 2q fvM mivmwi weªwUk
kvmbvgj| †Kv¤úvwb Avg‡j cÖv_wgK wkÿvi †Zgb AMÖMwZ nq bvB| B÷ BwÛqv‡K Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Rb¨
eQ‡i GK jÿ UvKv LiP Kivi AbygwZ †Ìqv n‡jI G‡`‡ki cÖwZ Ges G‡`‡ki gvby‡li cÖwZ we‡Ølc~Y© g‡bvfv‡ei
Rb¨ †Kv¤úvwbi †jv‡Kiv eivÏK…Z UvKv cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ LiP K‡ib wb|
5
weªwUk kvmbvg‡ji ïiæ †_‡K Zv‡ì cÖewZ©Z bZzb GK cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯ v Pvjy Kiv n‡jI G‡`‡ki wbR¯^ GKUv
wkÿvi aviv ÿxY MwZ‡Z ïiæ †_‡K cÖengvb wQj| gw›ì I g³e †Kw›`ªK wkÿv eë¯ v Lye `ye©jfv‡e Pvjy wQj| gw›ì,
gmwR`, weËkvjx‡ì •ZwiK…Z N‡i A_ev wkÿK‡ì wbR¯^ evwo‡Z cvVkvjv I g³‡ei KvR Pvjv‡bv n‡Zv| cÖv_wgK
wkÿvi Rb¨ †hgb wbRm¦ †Kv‡bv Ni ev RvqMv wQjbv †Zgwb •`bw›`b wkÿv `v‡bi †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mgqmxgvI wQj bv|
cvVkvjvq hviv cov‡Zb Zv‡ì ¸iægkvq Ges g³‡ei wkÿK‡ì I¯Ív`Rx ejv n‡Zv| ¸iæ ev I¯Ív`Rx‡ì wba©vwiZ
mgqm~wP Abyhvqx we`¨vjqMy‡jv cwiPvwjZ n‡Zv| we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z K‡Vvi kvw¯Íi weavb wQj| Z‡e wkÿv_x©‡ì
AwffveKMY I wkÿv_x©iv g‡b KiZ wkÿKMY wkÿv_©x‡ì g½‡ji Rb¨B Zv‡ì kvw¯Í w`‡ZB cv‡ib| Kv‡RB wkÿK
wkÿv_©x‡ì g‡a¨ GKUv mym¤úK© weivRgvb wQj| ag© wkÿvi cvkvcvwk wkÿv_©xiv ev¯Íe Rxe‡b Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cv‡i Ggb
wkÿvI we`¨vj‡q †Ìqv n‡Zv|
cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q covïbvq GwM‡q _vKv wkï‡ì‡K m`©vi co–qv wn‡m‡e wkÿK Zvi Kv‡R mn‡hvwMZv Kivi Rb¨
eënvi Ki‡Zb| m`©vi co–qv wkïiv A‡cÿvK…Z `ye©j wkÿv_©x‡K cov‡bvi `vwqZ¡ †c‡Zv| ÒRvwZ ag© wbwe©‡k‡l D”PeY©,
wb¤œeY©, abx, wba©b mK‡jiB cÖv_wgK ¯‥z‡j cÖ‡e‡ki AbygwZ wQjÕÕ| †g‡qiv evwo‡Z covïbv Ki‡Zv| cvVkvjv I g³‡ei
wkÿK‡ì wba©vwiZ †Kv‡bv †eZb wQj bv| Z‡e wkÿv_©xiv hvi hvi mva¨g‡Zv wkÿK‡ì Pvj, avb, Wvj, BZ¨vw` km¨
Dcnvi w`Z| we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z †Kv‡bv wkÿvµg wQj bv| wkÿKMY ag© PP©vi cvkvcvwk eY© cwiPq, kã •Zwi, †c․ivwbK
Kvwnbx cov, †jLv, MvwYwZK wnmve wbKvk †hgb msL¨v †Pbv, cov I †jLv, †hvM we‡qvM BZ¨vw` †kLv‡Zb|
GWv‡gi wi‡cvU©
Bs‡iRiv †`kxq wkÿv eë¯ vi Dci Rwic cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ 1835 wLªóv‡ã m¨vi DBwjqvg GWv‡gi †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU wkÿv
Kwgkb MVb K‡i| m¨vi DBwjqvg GWvg weªwUk miKvi‡K AewnZ Kivi Rb¨ G‡`‡ki wkÿveë¯ vi Dci Rwic Pvwj‡q
1835,1836,1838 wLª÷v‡ã wZbwU wi‡cvU© †ck K‡ib| cÖ_g wi‡cv‡U© evsjv I wenv‡ii wkÿvi Dci ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc
Kiv nq| wØZxq wi‡cv‡U© ivRkvnx †Rjvi cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Ae¯ v Ges Z…Zxq wi‡cv‡U© cuvPwU †Rjvi (gywk©`vev`, ea©gvb,
exif~g, wÎûZ I `wÿY wenvi) wkÿvi ZrKvjxb Ae¯ v m¤ú‡K© weeiY †`b| GB wi‡cvU© wZbwU‡ZB ZrKvjxb cÖv_wgK
wkÿv eë¯ vi GKUv m¤ú~Y© wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
GWv‡gi cÖ_g wi‡cv‡U© †`Lv hvqÑ evsjv I wenv‡ii Pvi †KvwU †jv‡Ki Rb¨ GK jÿ cvVkvjv I g³e wQj| cÖvq cÖwZ
400 R‡bi Rb¨ GKwU cvVkvjv I g³e wQj| cÖv_wgK wkÿv I D”P wkÿvi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv mgš^q ev †hvMv‡hvM wQj bv|
†m mg‡q M„n wkÿvi eë¯ v wQj| A_v©r mvaviY we`¨vj‡qi †P‡q cvwievwiK we`¨vjq †ewk wQj| weËkvjx‡ì `vb
`wÿYvq Gme we`¨vjq cwiPvwjZ n‡Zv| G¨vWv‡gi GB eY©bv‡K A‡b‡K AwZiwÄZ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e jW©
g¨vK‡jI Zuvi eY©bvq evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq 80 nvRvi we`¨vjq wQj e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|
GWv‡gi wØZxq wi‡cv‡U© ejv nq ivRkvnx †Rjvq Z`vwbšÍb bv‡Uvi _vbvq 458wU MÖv‡g †jvKmsL¨v wQj 196296 Rb|
H _vbvq cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq wQj 20wU| GB we`¨vjq ¸‡jv‡Z 1588wU cwiev‡ii 2342 Rb wkï †jLvcov Ki‡Zv|
cvwievwiK we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z mvaviY we`¨vj‡qi †P‡q 9 ¸Y †ewk wkÿv_x© †jLvcov Ki‡Zv| †g‡q‡ì †jLvcovi Rb¨
GKgvÎ cvwievwiK we`¨vjq Qvov Avi †Kv‡bv eë¯ v wQj bv| we`¨vj‡q fwZ© nIqvi Mo eqm wQj 8 eQi| 18 eQi
eqm ch©šÍ wkÿv_x©iv †jLvcov Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv| wkÿK‡ì Mo gvwmK †eZb wQj Pvi-`k UvKvi g‡a¨ mxgve×| cixÿvi
wd †bIqv n‡Zv K‡qK Avbv/cqmv| •`wbK Qq NÈv cov‡kvbv Pj‡Zv| †g‡q‡ì †jLvcov wQj mxwgZ| abx e¨w³ivB
G‡ÿ‡Î GwM‡q Avm‡Zv| m`©vi co–qv‡ì gva¨‡g wb¤œ †kÖwY‡Z cov‡kvbvi eë¯ v wQj| cieZ©x‡Z G c×wZ Bsj¨v‡Û
ÔgwbUwi‡qj wm‡÷gÕ wn‡m‡e L¨vwZ jvf K‡i|
GWv‡gi Z…Zxq wi‡cv‡U© gywk©`vev`, ea©gvb, exif~g, wÎnyZ I `wÿY wenvi GB cvuPwU †Rjvi Z_¨ cvwi‡ekb Kiv nq| G
†Rjv¸‡jv‡Z 2567wU we`¨vj‡q 30915 Rb wkÿv_x© †jLvcov Ki‡Zv| wZwb Rvbvb cÖwZ †Rjvq GKwU K‡i, _vbvq
AšÍZ GKwU cvwievwiK we`¨vjq wQj| GQvov ea©gvb †Rjvq 4wU, gywk©`vev` I exif~‡g †Rjvq 1wU K‡i †gvU 6wU
†g‡q‡ì ¯‥z‡ji mÜvb wZwb †c‡qwQ‡jb| G mKj we`¨vj‡q 214 Rb †g‡q wkÿv_x© covïbv Ki‡Zv|
6
GWvg Zvi wi‡cv‡U© wkÿv eë¯’vi Dbœq‡b wewfbœ mycvwik K‡ib| Zb¥‡a¨ wb‡¤œv³¸‡jv wQj D‡jøL‡hvM¨ :
1. cÖ_‡g GK ev GKvwaK †Rjv‡K cixÿvKi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ wbw`©ó Kiv nDK|
2. wkÿK I wkÿv_©x‡ì Dc‡hvMx cvV¨cy¯ÍK gvZ…fvlvq iPbv Kiv nDK|
3. cÖwZ †Rjvq GKRb cixÿv wbqš¿K wb‡qvM Kiv nDK, whwb H †Rjvi wkÿv cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb Ki‡eb|
4. ¯^íKvjxb wkÿK cÖwkÿ‡Yi eë¯ v Kiv nDK|
5. cÖwkÿYcÖvß wkÿK Øviv cvV`v‡bi eë¯ v Kiv nDK|
6. QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ wkÿvq Drmvn cÖ`v‡b e„wË cixÿvi eë¯ v Kiv nDK|
7. wbR GjvKvq emev‡mi myweav‡_© wkÿK‡ì f~wg cÖ`vb Kiv nDK|
cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Giƒc weeZ©‡b GK ch©v‡q 1910 wLªóv‡ã fvi‡Zi †K›`ªxq AvBb mfvq wg. †MvL‡j eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK
wkÿv cÖeZ©‡bi `vwe †Zv‡jb wKš‧ G `vwe M„nxZ nqwb|
D‡Wi †Wmc¨vm
Bs‡iR Avg‡ji wkÿv †ÿ‡Îi Avi GKwU `wjj nj D‡Wi wkÿv †Wmc¨vm| 1854 mv‡j G Dcgnv‡`‡k wkÿv we¯Ív‡ii
Rb¨ GB †Wmc¨vmwU cÖKvwkZ nq| GB †Wmc¨v‡mi myev‡` 1855 mv‡j G‡`‡k 5wU wefv‡M wkÿv wefvM cÖwZwôZ nq|
G wkÿv wefv‡Mi cÖavb wQ‡jb Rb wkÿv cwiPvjK, Bs‡iwR‡Z ejv n‡Zv Director of Public Instruction (DPI)| G
c`wU 1980 mb ch©šÍ evsjv‡`‡kI P‡j AvmwQj| Gi Aax‡b wQ‡jb wKQz cwi`k©K| G †Wmc¨v‡m cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Dci
†ewk †Rvi †Ìqv nq| d‡j cieZx©‡Z eû cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq I wb¤œ gva¨wgK we`¨vjq cÖwZôv Kiv nq| Gi cvkvcvwk
wkÿv cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ 1857 mv‡j XvKvq Ges 1869 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡g bigvj ¯‥zj cÖwZwôZ nq hv eZ©gv‡b wUPvm© †Uªwbs
K‡jR bv‡g cwiwPZ|
nv›Uvi Kwgkb
nv›Uvi Kwgkb weªwUk fvi‡Zi cÖ_g wkÿv Kwgkb| fviZxq I Bs‡iRiv wg‡j 22 m`m¨wewkó GB Kwgkb cÖv_wgK
wkÿvi Dbœq‡b 1883 mv‡j my`xN© wi‡cvU© †ck K‡ib| GB wi‡cv‡U©i D‡jøL‡hvM¨ mycvwik¸‡jv n‡jv:
1. miKvwi D‡`¨v‡M cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq ¯ vcb bv K‡i †emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡M cÖwZwôZ cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq‡K
mn‡hvwMZv Kiv DwPZ|
2. ¯ vbxq ¯^vqËkvwmZ KZ©„c‡ÿi Aaxb GKwU K‡i ¯‥zj †evW© MVb K‡i Zvi Dci cÖv_wgK wkÿvi mKj
`vwqZ¡ Ac©Y Ki‡Z n‡e|
3. cÖv_wgK wkÿv e¨q wgUv‡Z cÖwZwU †Rjv I wgDwbwmc¨vj †ev‡W© Avjv`v A_© fvÛvi ivL‡Z n‡e| G
e¨vcv‡i miKvi Zv‡ì mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|
4. wkÿv Lv‡Z eiv‡Ïi †ÿ‡Î cÖv_wgK wkÿv‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡Z n‡e|
5. ¯^vqË¡kvwmZ †evW©¸‡jv‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿv Lv‡Z Zv‡ì mgMÖ e¨‡qi GK Z…Zxqvsk e¨q Ki‡Z n‡e|
6. cÖv_wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿ‡Yi mKj e¨qfvi miKvi‡K enb Ki‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ gnKzgv ch©v‡q gnKzgv
cwi`k©‡Ki ZË¡veav‡b GKwU K‡i wkÿK wkÿY ¯‥zj _vK‡e| GB wm×v‡šÍi †cÖwÿ‡Z cieZ©x‡Z gnKzgvq
bigvj ¯‥zj ¯ vwcZ nq|
7. •`bw›`b Rxe‡bi cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi ZvwM‡` †`kxq MwYZ, wnmve-wbKvk, Rwg Rwic, mvaviY weÁvb,
¯^v¯ ¨ ZË¡ cÖf…wZ welq cvV¨µ‡gi AvIZvq Avb‡Z n‡e|
jW© KvR©‡bi wkÿv ms¯‥vi

1901 mv‡ji wkgjv wkÿv m‡¤§j‡bi gva¨‡g jW© KvR©b cÖv_wgK wkÿv ms¯‥v‡i D‡jøL‡hvM¨ f~wgKv iv‡Lb| Zvi
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ KvR¸‡jv n‡jv :
1. cÖv_wgK wkÿvq Li‡Pi GK-Z…Zxqvs‡ki cwie‡Z© Aa©vsk miKvwifv‡e e¨‡qi eë¯ v MÖnY|
2. gvZ…fvlvi gva¨‡g cÖv_wgK wkÿv`v‡bi Dci ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc|
7
3. kni I MÖvg AÂ‡ji Rb¨ Avjv`v wkÿvµg cÖYqb| hvi wfwË‡Z 1919 mv‡j †c․i GjvKvi Rb¨ e½xq
cÖvBgvwi wkÿv AvBb I 1930 mv‡j e½xq MÖvgxY cÖvBgvwi wkÿv AvBb cvm nq|
4. ÔdjwfwËKÕ Aby`vb eë¯ vi we‡jvc K‡i ¯‥zjwfwËK Aby`v‡bi eë¯ v Kiv|
5. wkÿv we¯Ív‡ii mnvqZvi Rb¨ we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡K GKKvjxb I †c․btcywbK Aby`vb cÖ`v‡bi eë¯ v Kiv|
mv‡R©›U wi‡cvU©
1944 mv‡j mv‡R©›U wi‡cv‡U© wkÿv Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ 30 eQie¨vcx GK cwiKíbv wQj| G‡Z 6 eQ‡ii Kg eqmx wkï‡ì
Rb¨ bvm©vwi ¯‥zj Ges 6 †_‡K 14 eQi eq‡mi wkï‡ì Rb¨ A‣eZwbK cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi mycvwik wQj| wKš‧ G wi‡cvU©
ev¯Íevq‡bi c~‡e©B ZrKvjxb fviZel© wef³ n‡q cvwK¯Ívb I fviZ bv‡gi `ywU ¯^vaxb iv‡óªi Rb¥ nq|
2.2 : cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j cÖv_wgK wkÿv

1947 mv‡j fviZ wef³ n‡q ¯^vaxb ivóª wn‡m‡e fviZ I cvwK¯Ív‡bi Afy¨`q nq| cvwK¯Ív‡bi wkÿv eë¯ vi ms¯‥vi I
cybM©V‡bi Rb¨ KivPx‡Z cÖ_g RvZxq m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| cvwK¯Ív‡bi GKwU cÖ‡`k wn‡m‡e cÖv‡`wkK miKvi c~e©e½
wkÿv cybM©Vb KwgwU MVb K‡i| 1951 mv‡j G KwgwUi mycvwik Abymv‡i 1951 mv‡j GKwU bZzb AvBb cvm K‡i|
AvBb Abyhvqx A‣eZwbK I eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv Pvjy nq| Z‡e Zv gvÎ `yB eQi Pvjy wQj| G AvB‡bi Øviv
cÖv_wgK wkÿvi †gqv` 4 eQ‡ii ¯ ‡j 5 eQi Kiv nq|
1948 wLªóv‡ã †K›`ªxq miKvi KZ©„K dRjyi ingvb wkÿv Dc‡`óv KwgwUi mycvwi‡ki †cÖwÿ‡Z c~e©e‡½ 4_© †kÖwYi
cwie‡Z© cÖv_wgK wkÿvi †gqv` 5g †kÖwY ch©šÍ Kiv nq| cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j G‡`‡k wkÿv ms¯‥v‡ii Rb¨ PviwU wkÿv
Kwgkb Ges GKwU wkÿv KwgwU MVb Kiv nq| G¸‡jv n‡jv:
1. gvIjvbv †gvn¤§` AvKig Luv wkÿv KwgwU Ñ 1952
2. AvZvDi ingvb Lvb wkÿv Kwgkb Ñ 1957
3. Gm Gg kixd wkÿv Kwgkb Ñ 1959
4. wePvicwZ nvgy`yi ingvb wkÿv Kwgkb Ñ 1964
5. Gqvi gvk©vj b~i Lvb wkÿv Kwgkb Ñ 1969
gvIjvbv †gvn¤§` AvKig Luv wkÿv KwgwUi mycvwik
1952 mv‡j AvKivg Luv wkÿv KwgwU mycvwik K‡i †hÑ
1. gnKzgv ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖkvmb b¨¯Í Kiv †nvK|
2. cÖv_wgK wkÿv‡K me©Rbxb, A‣eZwbK I eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv †nvK|
3. cÖwZwU _vbvq mve-BÝ‡c±i Ae ¯‥zjm& Gi (Sub Inspector of Schools) cwie‡Z© G¨v‡U‡ÛÝ Awdmvi
(Attendance Officer) wb‡qvM Kiv †nvK|
4. cÖwZ gnKzgvq 1 Rb gnKzgv wkÿv Kg©KZ©v wb‡qvM Kiv †nvK|
5. Rbwkÿv Awa`ß‡i wkÿvg~jK M‡elYv‡_© GKwU M‡elYv kvLv †Lvjv †nvK|
6. cÖwZwU cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †kÖwY †Lvjv †nvK|
7. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q gwnjv wkÿK wb‡qvM Kiv †nvK|
8. Rbeûj kni I wkí GjvKvmg~‡n wKÛvi Mv‡U©b ¯ vcb I gwnjv kÖwgK GjvKvq wkï iÿYv‡eÿY †K›`ª I
bvm©vwii myy‡hvM m„wó Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
9. cÖv_wgK wkÿK‡ì †hvM¨Zv b~¨bZg cÖ‡ewkKv cvm mn cÖwkÿYcÖvß n‡Z n‡e|
10. cÖwkÿY †Kv‡m© cyuw_MZ we`¨vi †P‡q eënvwiK Kv‡Ri Dci †Rvi w`‡Z n‡e|
11. wkÿK cÖwkÿY †gqv` n‡e 2 eQi|
12. c„_K gwnjv cÖwkÿY †K›`ª Lyj‡Z n‡e|
13. ¯‥zj eë¯ vcbvq BDwbqb cwil‡ì cÖwZwbwaZ¡ _vK‡Z n‡e|
G Kwgk‡bi mycvwik wKQz wKQz ev¯ÍevwqZ nq|
8
A‣eZwbK eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖeZ©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU `k eQi †gqvw` cwiKíbv nv‡Z †bqv nq| G cwiKíbv
Abyhvqx cÖwZ eQi AvovB nvRvi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cwiKíbvi AvIZvq Avbvi mycvwik Kiv nq| 1952 mvj †_‡K cÂg
†kÖwY‡Z cÖv_wgK e„wË cixÿv Pvjy Kiv nq| 1952 mvj ch©šÍ cuvP nvRvi cuPvwkwU we`¨vj‡q eva¨Zvg~ jK A‣eZwbK
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Pvjy nq| cÖwZwU we`¨vj‡q GmGmwm I wmBbGW cvm 3 Rb wkÿK wb‡qvM †Ìqv nq|
AvZvDi ingvb Lvb wkÿv Kwgk‡bi wi‡cvU©
1957 mv‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ívb miKvi ÔAvZvDi ingvb Lvb wkÿv Kwgk‡biÕ mycvwikµ‡g cªv_wgK wkÿv cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡
†Rjv‡evW© †_‡K mivmwi miKv‡ii wbqš¿‡Y wb‡q Av‡m Ges ¯‥zj cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ †Rjv g¨vwR‡÷ª‡Ui Dci Awc©Z nq|
wKQz wbe©vwPZ we`¨vj‡q eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖeZ©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ c~‡e©i eë¯_v evwZj K‡i wKQz we`¨vjq‡K g‡Wj
cÖvBgvwi ¯‥zj wn‡m‡e bvgKiY Kiv nq| Gi d‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b g‡Wj ¯‥zj I bb g‡Wj ¯‥zj wb‡q GKUv Ø‡›ì m„wó nq|
1965 wLª÷v‡ã Õg‡Wj I bb g‡Wj ¯‥zjÕ bvg e`wj‡q g¨v‡bR&W cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq bvgKiY Kiv nq|
1955 wLª÷v‡ã 1g cuvPkvjv (1955 †_‡K 1960 ch©šÍ †gqvw`) cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv nq| GB cwiKíbvq Avmj D‡Ïk¨
wQj me©Rbxb A‣eZwbK cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb| 1957 mv‡j c~e©e½ miKvi AvZvDi ingvb Lvb wkÿv Kwgkb
MVb K‡ib| GB Kwgk‡bi mycvwik Abyhvqx c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b 15 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ 6Ñ14 eQi eq¯‥ wkï‡ì A‣eZwbK I
eva¨Zvg~jK wkÿv Pvjyi wm×všÍ M„nxZ nq| Z‡e cÖv_wgKfv‡e 6Ñ11 eQi wkïi Rb¨ GB wkÿv A‣eZwbK I eva¨Zvg~jK
Kivi wm×všÍ †bIqv nq|
cÖwZwU we`¨vj‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K wkÿK wb‡qvM †Ìqv nq| cÖ_g †kÖwY †_‡K 5g †kÖwY ch©šÍ 5Rb wkÿK Ges
†mKkb _vK‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K wkÿK wb‡qvM w`‡Z n‡e| wkÿK I wkÿv_©x AbycvZ n‡e 1 : 40|
AvZvDi ingvb Lvb wkÿv Kwgkb wm Bb GW †Kvm©‡K GK eQ‡ii ¯ ‡j `yB eQi †gqvw` Kivi mycvwik K‡ib| KwgwUi
wm×všÍ †gvZv‡eK cÖv_wgK we`¨vjqmg~n ¯‥zj †evW©-Gi ¯_‡j cÖv‡`wkK miKv‡ii Aax‡b b¨¯Í Kiv nq| eva¨Zvg~jK
we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡K g‡Wj cÖvBgvwi ¯‥z‡j cwiYZ Kiv nq| wKš‧ GB mKj we`¨vj‡qi †Zgb Kvh©KvwiZv bv _vKvq cieZx©‡Z
G¸‡jv‡K cybivq mvaviY cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv nq| cÖ_g cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbvq wkÿK‡ì †eZb wKQzUv
e„w× †c‡jI cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q wkÿv_x©‡ì Dcw¯ wZ I wkÿvi gvb †Zgb e„w× cvqwb| wkÿv_©x fwZ© 50% Gi Dc‡i
DbœxZ nqwb|
Gm Gg kixd wkÿv Kwgk‡bi wi‡cvU©

1959 mv‡j Gm Gg kixd wkÿv Kwgkb bv‡g RvZxq wkÿv Kwgkb MVb GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ NUbv| Kwgk‡bi mycvwik
n‡jv AvMvgx 10 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ cuvP eQi †gqvw` cÖv_wgK wkÿv me©Rbxb I eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv n‡e| cieZ©x 15 eQ‡ii
g‡a¨ cÖv_wgK wkÿv‡K 8g †kÖwY ch©šÍ Kiv n‡e| S‡i cov †ivaK‡í cixÿvi djvd‡ji Dci wfwË bv K‡i eq‡mi Dci
wfwË K‡i cÖ‡gvk‡bi mycvwik Kiv nq| †Rjv Iqvwi cÖv_wgK wkÿv KwgwU †Rjv ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡
cvjb Ki‡e| GB KwgwUi mfvcwZ n‡eb †Rjv cÖkvmK Ges Kvh©wbev©nx m`m¨ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡eb †Rjv
we`¨vjq cwi`k©K|
wkï‡ì gvbwmK ÿgZv Abyhvqx cvV¨m~wP iwPZ n‡e| cVb, wjLb, cvwUMwYZ BZ¨vw` cvV¨wel‡qi AšÍfy©³ n‡e|
Kg©‡Kw›`ªK wkÿv`v‡b ¯ vbxq DcKiY eënvi Kiv n‡e| wkÿK cÖwkÿ‡Yi Dci †Rvi w`‡Z n‡e| AwaK msL¨K gwnjv
wkwÿKv wb‡qvM Kiv n‡e| mvgvwRK gh©v`v e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ wkÿK‡ì †eZb e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e|
9
1960 mvj †_‡K 1965 mvj ch©šÍ wØZxq cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbvi cÖ¯vÍ e Abyhvqx wewfbœ Kg©m~Px M„nxZ nq| Z…Zxq
cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbvq (1965Ñ1970) wkÿv_x© fwZ©i jÿ¨gvÎv 45% †_‡K 70% G wba©viY Kiv nq| wKš‧ evOvwj‡ì
¯^vaxbZv Av`vqRwbZ ivR‣bwZK Aw¯ iZvi Kvi‡Y G cwiKíbv ev¯ÍevwqZ nqwb|
ci ci wZbwU cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbvq cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ A‡bK Avkvi K_v _vK‡j †mfv‡e cwiKíbv Abyhvqx
h_vh_ KvR Kiv nqwb| wkÿvi Rb¨ 22% A_© eivÏ _vK‡jI Zv wVK g‡Zv e¨q Kiv nqwb| AvÂwjK •el‡gï Kvi‡Y
ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î AMÖMwZ AviI gš i n‡q c‡o| QvÎ, wkÿK I we`¨vj‡qi msL¨v e„w×i †ÿ‡Î
†Kv‡bv jÿYxq AMÖMwZ nqwb| 1948Ñ49 c~e©e‡½ cÖv_wgK ¯‥z‡ji msL¨v wQj 24,786 Ges wkÿv_x©i msL¨v
23,09,058| AvVvi eQi ci 1966Ñ67 mv‡j GB msL¨v e„w× †c‡q ùvovq h_vµ‡g 28,225 Ges 42,68,582|
evrmwiK e„w× Mo we`¨vj‡qi †ÿ‡Î 191wU Ges wkÿv_x©i †ÿ‡Î GK j‡ÿi mvgvb¨ †ewk|
cÖwZ‡e`‡b AviI ejv nq, ÔÔcÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi AvIZvq Dc‡hvMx eq‡mi wkï‡ì A‡a©‡Ki KvQvKvwQ we`¨vjq ewnf~©Z
†_‡K †hZ| me PvB‡Z gvivZ¥K mgm¨v wQj S‡i cov| fwZ© nIqv wkï‡ì A‡a©‡Ki †ewk `yÔeQ‡ii g‡a¨ S‡i co‡Zv|
GKwU ÿz`ª Ask (10%-15%) cÂg †kÖwY mgvß KiZ| †gvU RbmsL¨vi Pvi-cÂgvskB wQj wbiÿi| AvR‡Ki
evsjv‡`‡ki eq¯‥ wbiÿi Rb‡Mvôxi AwaKvsk †mKv‡ji we`¨vjq ewnf~©Z wkïi ga¨ †_‡K D™¢~Z|ÕÕ
(Z_¨m~Î : cÖv_wgK wkÿv I AvaywbK wPšÍvaviv-2000, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi)
2.3 ¯^vaxbZv‡Ëvi cÖv_wgK wkÿv : me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv I

mevi Rb¨ wkÿv
`xN© bq gv‡mi GKUvbv hy‡×i ci jv‡Lv knx‡ì i‡³i wewbg‡q 1971 mv‡j 16 wW‡m¤î AwR©Z n‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki
¯^vaxbZv| ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi ci ciB †`k Movi Kv‡R wkÿv eë¯ v‡KI cybM©Vb wQj RvwZi wbKU †g․wjK `vwqZ¡| 1971
mv‡j evsjv‡`k gvÎ 17.6% mvÿi m¤úbœ gvbyl wb‡q ¯^vaxbZv AR©b K‡i| †mLv‡b 82.4% gvbyl wbiÿi wQj| G
wecyj cwigvY wbiÿi gvby‡li †evSv wb‡q G‡`‡ki A_©‣bwZK I mvgvwRK Dbœqb m¤¢e wQj bv| G †`‡ki Dbœq‡b
gvby‡li `wi`ªZv, cywónxbZv, AÁZv kÖ‡gi A`ÿZv BZ¨vw` e¨vcK AšÍivq wQj| A_P GKwU †`‡ki mKj DbœwZi †cQ‡b
_v‡K †m‡`‡ki wkÿv eë¯ vi Dbœqb| wkÿv Qvov we‡kl K‡i †g․wjK wkÿv Qvov †`‡ki Dbœqb KLbB m¤¢e bq| ZvB
¯^vaxbZv cieZx©‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki GB wecyj cwigvY wbiÿi gvbyl‡K †g․wjK wkÿvq wkwÿZ Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv
†`q|
GKwU †`‡ki gvbyl‡K `ÿ Rbkw³‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z †M‡j cÖ_‡g †m †`‡ki gvbyl‡K AšÍZ †g․wjK wkÿvq wkwÿZ K‡i
M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| Avi GwU Kiv m¤¢e †m‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿveë¯ vi Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g| cÖv_wgK wkÿv †`‡ki Dbœq‡bi
Rb¨ GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯Íi|
KzìvZ-B-Ly`v wkÿv Kwgk‡bi wi‡cvU©
†`k‡K AvaywbK Ávb I cÖhyw³‡Z ejxqvb Kivi gvb‡m 1972 mv‡ji ga¨ ch©v‡q ¯^vaxb †`‡ki cÖ_g wkÿv Kwgkb MVb
Kiv nq| cÖL¨vZ wkÿvwe` I •eÁvwbK W. gyn¤§` KzìvZ-B-Ly`vi †bZ…‡Z¡ RvZxq wkÿv Kwgkb MwVZ nq| G Kwgkb
KzìvZ-B-Ly`v Kwgkb bv‡g cwiwPZ| 1972 mv‡j 24 †m‡Þ¤î G RvZxq wkÿv Kwgk‡bi D‡Øvab nq| Kwgkb 1974
mv‡ji 30 †g wkÿv ms¯‥vi I cybM©V‡bi mycvwik msewjZ wi‡cvU© †ck K‡i| †hgbÑ
A‣eZwbK eva¨vZvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv
Kwgkb cÖv_wgK wkÿvi wewfbœ mgm¨v Zz‡j a‡i †mme `~ixf~Z Kivi gvb‡m g~jëvb mycvwik K‡i| Kwgkb civgk© †`q
†h, cÖv_wgK wkÿv¯Íi cÂg †kÖwY †_‡K ewa©Z K‡i Aóg †kÖwY ch©šÍ Kiv †nvK| hv Pj‡e m¤ú~Y© miKvwi e¨‡q me©Rbxb
A‣eZwbK wkÿv eë¯ v wn‡m‡e| Aóg †kÖwY ch©šÍ wkÿv‡K eva¨Zvg~jK Kivi RbÏ Kwgkb mycvwik K‡i|
10
wkÿvµg cybwe©b¨vm
mgv‡Ri Pvwn`v I •`bw›`b Rxe‡bi ev¯Íe cwi‡ek, wkÿv_©xi gvbwmK I •`wnK ÿgZv BZ¨vwì mv‡_ msMwZ †i‡L
cÖv_wgK wkÿvi wkÿvµg cybwe©b¨vm Ki‡Z n‡e| cuyw_MZ we`¨vi †P‡q nv‡Z Kj‡g Kg©gyLx wkÿvi Dci ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z
n‡e| cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q wkÿvµ‡g _vK‡e evsjv, MwYZ, BwZnvm, f‚‡Mvj, weÁvb, 2q fvlv, kixi PP©v, †Ljva~jv, msMxZ,
wPÎvsKb, nv‡Zi KvR I K„wl| KvwiKzjvg I wm‡jevm KwgwU cÖ‡Z¨K wel‡qi we¯ÍvwiZ cvV¨m~wP cÖYqb Ki‡e|
wkÿK wb‡qvM
†g‡q‡ì wkÿvi cÖwZ AvK…ó Kivi j‡ÿ¨ cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z AwaK msL¨K gwnjv wkÿK wb‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖ‡qvR‡b evwjKv we`¨vjq cÖwZôv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i |
1973 Gi cÖv_wgK wkÿv AwW©b¨vÝ Ges 1974 Gi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq AwaMÖnY AvB‡bi AvIZvq 36165wU cÖv_wgK
we`¨vjq‡K miKvwi Kiv nq Ges mv‡_ mv‡_ 157742 Rb wkÿK‡K miKvwi wkÿK wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv nq| G d‡j
wkÿK‡ì `ytL `y`©kv, Kó I `vwi`ª¨ `~i nq| wkÿKMY mvgvwRK GKUv m¤§vbRbK gh©v`v cÖvß nb| G‡Zv¸‡jv ¯‥zj,
wkÿK I wkÿv_x©‡ì cwiPvjbv eë¯ vcbv I A_©vq‡bi `vwqZ¡ wb‡q m`¨ hy× weaŸ¯Í evsjv‡`k miKvi wekvj GK
¸iæZ¡c~Y© wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡ib| hvi d‡j cieZx© mg‡q evsjv‡`‡k cÖv_wgK wkÿvi GKwU my`„p wfwË iwPZ n‡qwQj|
evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b ejv Av‡Q †h, cÖv_wgK wkÿv jvf RbM‡Yi GKwU †g․wjK AwaKvi| G †cÖÿvc‡U evsjv‡`‡k
1980 mv‡j cÖ_g me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖeZ©b Kiv nq|
me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv
Ôme©RbxbÕ kãwUi A_© n‡jv- mK‡ji Rb¨, Kv‡RB mK‡ji Rb¨ †h Kj¨vYKi wkÿv, GKK_vq Zv‡KB me©Rbxb wkÿv
ejv †h‡Z cv‡i | myZivs mgvR ev †Kv‡bv †`‡ki Rb¨ ag©, eY©, abx, `wi`ª wbwe©‡k‡l mKj bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ MÖnY‡hvM¨ †h
wkÿv eë¯’v Zv‡KB me©Rbxb wkÿv ejv nq|
GB wkÿv eë¯ v cÖeZ©‡bi wZbwU Avek¨Kxq avc i‡q‡Q| †hgbÑ
K. mKj wkïi Rb¨ wkÿvi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv|
L. mKj wkï‡K we`¨vj‡q Avbv|
M. wkÿvi GKwU b~¨bZg ch©vq †kl bv nIqv ch©šÍ mKj wkï‡K we`¨vj‡q a‡i ivLv|
GB wZbwU avc µgvš^‡q AwZµg Kivi gva¨‡g cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q Mgb Dc‡hvMx 6+ †_‡K 10+eQi mKj wkïi
cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi wkÿv wbwðZ Kivi bvgB n‡”Q me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv|
me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨

GKwU †`‡ki RbMY‡K, we‡kl K‡i fwel¨r bvMwiK‡ì wkwÿZ K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿvi †Kv‡bv weKí
†bB d‡j `wi`ª cwiev‡ii wkïivI b~¨bZg wkÿvi Av‡jv †_‡K †hb ewÂZ bv nq Zvi RbÏ me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv
eë¯ v Acwinvh©| G wkÿv eë¯ v †Kej wkï‡ì we`¨vj‡q hvIqvi my‡hvM m„wó K‡i bv eis Zv‡ì wkÿv MÖn‡Yi me
iK‡gi AšÍivq `~i K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq AbyK‚j cwi‡ek M‡o †Zv‡j|me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿvi D‡Ïk¨ AZ¨šÍ e¨vcK I
my`~icÖmvix| Z‡e me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿvi mvaviY D‡Ïk¨ me©ÎB GK Ges Awfbœ|
wb‡¤œ G me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿvi mvaviY D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv D‡jøL Kiv n‡jvÑ
1. cÖ‡Z¨KwU wkïi Rb¥MZ bvMwiK AwaKvi wn‡m‡e Zv‡ì Rb¨ wkÿvi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv|
2. fwel¨‡Z †`‡k GKwU DbœZ Rb‡Mvôx M‡o †Zvjv|
3. †`‡ki bvMwiK‡ì g‡a¨ Av_©-mvgvwRK eëavb Kwg‡q Avbvi j‡ÿ¨ mKj‡K wkÿvi my‡hvM cÖ`vb Kiv|
4. fwel¨Z bvMwiK‡ì g‡a¨ gvbweK g~j¨‡eva M‡o Zz‡j myôz mgvR eë¯ v Kv‡qg Kiv|
11
5. bvix I cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ AwaK mngwg©Zv‡eva m„wói D‡Ï‡k¨ ci¯ú‡ii `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ m¤^‡Ü BwZevPK
`„wófw½ M‡o †Zvjv|
6. cÖwZwU wkïi g‡a¨ AvZ¥‡PZbv I AvZ¥-cÖZ¨q m„wó Ges mvgvwRK †PZbv‡eva M‡o †Zvjvi gva¨‡g
mvgvwRK DrKl© mvab|
Dchy©³ D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv †_‡K †`Lv hvq, DbœZ myk„•Lj I Kzms¯‥vigy³ mgvR eë¯ v M‡o †ZvjvB cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯ v
me©Rbxb Kivi jÿ¨| Gj‡ÿ¨ †cu․Qv‡Z n‡j cÖ‡Z¨K wkïi Rb¨ Zvi Rb¥MZ AwaKvi wn‡m‡e wkÿv jv‡fi my‡hvM m„wó
Ki‡Z n‡e| Rb¥MZ AwaKvi wn‡m‡e wkÿvi my‡hvM n‡Z †Kv‡bv wkï hv‡Z ewÂZ bv nq †mRb¨ G‡ÿ‡Î me©cÖKvi evav
`~i Ki‡Z n‡e| mKj wkïi Rb¨ wkÿvi Øvi Db¥y³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
ZvB me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯’vi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv Avgv‡ì †`‡ki mKj we`¨vjq Mgb-Dc‡hvMx wkï‡K we`¨vj‡q Avbv
I cvuP eQi †gqvw` cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kvh©Ki fv‡e mgvß Kiv‡bv|
2000 mv‡ji g‡a¨ G‡`‡ki 6-10 eQi eqmx mKj wkï‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿvi AvIZvq G‡b G‡ì‡K †g․wjK wkÿvq
wkwÿZ K‡i M‡o †Zvjv me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨| GB jÿ¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L G‡`‡ki mKj cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi
ms¯‥vi mvab, bZzb wkÿK wb‡qvM, cÖ‡qvRbxq Avmevec‡Îi mieivn, wkÿK‡ì cÖwkÿY, wkÿK cÖwkÿY †K›`ª¸‡jvi
ms¯‥vi, wkÿvµ‡gi cwieZ©b K‡i AvaywbK cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg cÖeZ©b Kiv, cwi`k©b I gwbUwis eë¯ v †Rvi`vi Kiv, 6
†_‡K 10 eQ‡ii mKj wkï‡K cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q fwZ© wbwðZ Kiv BZ¨vw` Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kiv nq| Gme Kg©m~wPi
AwaKvsk ev¯Íevq‡bi d‡j †`‡k wkï fwZ©i nvi e„w× cvq| Z‡e ZLb wkï fwZ©i nvi 90% G wbav©iY Kiv n‡jI ev¯Í‡e
Zv 60% G DbœxZ nq| Z‡e jÿ¨gvÎv cy‡ivcywi AR©b bv n‡jI 80 Gi `k‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿveë¯ vi GKUv `„p wfwË
¯ vcb m¤¢e nq|
me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸iyZ¡

wkÿv GKwU wkïi myß cÖwZfv‡K weKwkZ K‡i| G myß cÖwZfvevb wkïwU abxi `yjvj-`yjvjx n‡Z cv‡i| Avevi GKwU
wbt¯^ cwiev‡ii Ae‡nwjZ mšÍvbI n‡Z cv‡i| wkÿvi my‡hv‡Mi Afv‡e GKwU wkïi myß cÖwZfv bó n‡q hvq| †m
gvb‡eZi Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| mvgvwRK AMÖMwZ‡Z Zvi Ae`vb _v‡K bv| †`‡ki Avw_©K I mvgvwRK Dbœqb‡K
Z¡ivwš^Z Kivi ¯^v‡_© wkÿv mKj gvbe wkïi Rb¨ mnRjf¨ Kiv GKvšÍ Acwinvh©| ZvB me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯ v
cÖeZ©b AZxe ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| G eë¯ v †`k I mgvR‡K A_©‣bwZK I mvgvwRK Dfq †ÿ‡Î AMÖMwZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv‡i e„w×
K‡i| †`‡ki mvwe©K Dbœqb, MYZvwš¿K weKvk I mvwe©K g½‡ji Rb¨ me©Rbxb cªv_wgK wkÿv Pvjy Kiv n‡q‡Q|
me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kvh©µg †Rvi`vi Kivi Rb¨

 cÖv_wgK wkÿv`vb we‡K›`ªxKiY|
 wkï‡Kw›`ªK wkÿv`vb c×wZi cÖeZ©b|
 cÖwZeÜx wkï‡ì Rb¨ GKB avivq wkÿv`vb c×wZ cÖeZ©b|
 †emiKvix ms¯ vmg~n‡K cÖv&_wgK wkÿv`vb Kvh©µ‡g m¤ú„³KiY|
 we`¨vjq ewnf~©Z wkï‡ì Rb¨ c„_K wkÿv avivi cÖeZ©b|
Gw`‡K 1980 Gi `kK †_‡K wkï‡ì †g․wjK wkÿv I wkï AwaKvi wb‡q AvšÍRv© wZK ms¯ v RvwZmsN I Gi A½
msMVb¸‡jv †hgb-BDwb‡md I BD‡b‡¯‥v †ek †mv”Pvi n‡q I‡V| wkï‡ì AwaKvi msµvšÍ RvwZmsN mb` ev¯Íevqb,
1990 mv‡j _vBj¨v‡Û AbywôZ mevi Rb¨ wkÿv kxl©K wek¦ m‡¤§jb Ges 1993 mv‡j w`wjø †NvlYvi mv‡_ evsjv‡`k `„p
mg_©b I ev¯Íevq‡bi A½xKvi K‡i| Gme A½xKvi ev¯Íevq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ evsjv‡`k miKvi 2000 mv‡ji g‡a¨ we`¨vj‡q
12
95% wkï fwZ©i jÿ¨gvÎv wba©viY K‡i| Gi 60% wkÿv_x©‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿv wbwðZKi‡Yi Rb¨ a‡i ivLvi eë¯ v
M„nxZ nq| c‡i S‡i covi nvi me©wb¤œ ch©v‡q Avbvi Rb¨ 1990 mv‡j eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv AvBb cvm Kiv nq|
1993 mv‡j Zv Kvh©Ki Kiv nq|
G †`‡ki †jvKmsL¨vi AwaKvsk MÖv‡g evm K‡i| Zviv Avw_©K, mvgvwRK I agx©q Kzms¯‥v‡ii Kvi‡Y A‡bK wcQ‡b _vKvq
†Q‡j wkï‡ì †P‡q †g‡q wkï‡ì we`¨vj‡q cvVv‡bvi e¨vcv‡i †gv‡UB AvMÖnx wQj bv| 1992 mv‡j cÖv_wgK wkÿvq
evjK-evwjKvi AskMÖn‡Yi AbycvZ wQj 56 : 44| 1995 mv‡j G AbycvZ ùvovq 53 : 47| wkÿvq mevi AskMÖnY
wbwðZ Kiv Ômevi Rb¨ wkÿvÕ Gi g~j D‡Ïk¨|
Ômevi Rb¨ wkÿvÕKvh©µ‡gi Aax‡b eva¨Zvg~jK me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv Ab¨Zg Kg©m~wP| evsjv‡`‡k me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK
wkÿv‡K djcÖm~ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ miKvi 6Ñ10 eQ‡ii mKj wkïi Rb¨ cÖv_wgK wkÿv MÖnY eva¨Zvg~jK K‡i| RbM‡Yi
eûcÖZ¨vwkZ GB `vwei cÖwZ mg_©b e¨³ K‡i 1990 mv‡ji 1 Rvbyqvwi AvšÍRv© wZK mvÿiZv wè‡m evsjv‡`k miKvi G
m¤úwK©Z †NvlYv †`q| GB †NvlYvwU cieZ©x‡Z 13 †deªæqvwi 1990 mv‡j evsjv‡`k †M‡R‡U eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv
AvBb Ñ 1990 wn‡m‡e cÖKvwkZ nq| GB AvB‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq Ask wb‡¤œ D×…Z Kiv n‡jv:
3. cÖv_wgK wkÿv eva¨Zvg~jKKiY

(1) miKvi †M‡R‡U cÖÁvcb Øviv, †`‡ki †h †Kv‡bv GjvKvq †h †Kv‡bv ZvwiL n‡Z cÖv_wgK wkÿv
eva¨Zvg~jK Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
(2) †h GjvKvq cÖv_wgK wkÿv eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv n‡e †m GjvKvq emevmiZ cÖ‡Z¨K wkïi AwffveK Zvi
wkï‡K hyw³m½Z KviY bv _vK‡j, cÖv_wgK wkÿv MÖn‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ D³ GjvKvq Aew¯ Z Zvi evm¯ v‡bi
wbKU¯  cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b fwZ© Kiv‡eb|
(3) Dcaviv (2) G D‡jøwLZ Ôhyw³msMZ KviYÕ ej‡Z wb¤œwjwLZ KviY¸‡jv‡K eySv‡e, h_v:
(K) Amy¯Z
  v ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Awbevh© Kvi‡Y †Kv‡bv cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b fwZ© Kiv m¤¢e bv nIqv;
(L) wkïi Avevm¯ j n‡Z `yB wK‡jvwgUv‡ii g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖwZôvb bv _vKv;
(M) Av‡e`b Kiv m‡Ë¡I wkï‡K †Kv‡bv cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b fwZ© Kiv‡Z bv cviv;
(N) cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmv‡ii we‡ePbvq wkï eZ©gv‡b †h wkÿv MÖnY Ki‡Q Zv cÖv_wgK wkÿvi
mggv‡bi nIqv;
(O) cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmv‡ii we‡ePbvq wkïi gvbwmK AÿgZvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b
fwZ© Kiv‡bv eÃbxq bv nIqv;
(4) †h GjvKvq cÖv_wgK wkÿv eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv n‡e †m GjvKvi †Kv‡bv e¨w³ †Kv‡bv wkï‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿv
MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ nvwRi nIqvi e¨vcv‡i weNœ m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb †Kv‡bv KvRK‡g© e¨vc„Z ivL‡Z cvi‡e bv|
4. eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv KwgwU

(1) †h GjvKvq cÖv_wgK wkÿv eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv n‡e †m GjvKvq BDwbqb ev †c․i GjvKvmg~‡n cÖ‡Z¨KwU
Iqv‡W©i Rb¨ eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv KwgwU bv‡g GKwU KwgwU _vK‡e|
(2) †Kv‡bv BDwbqb ev Iqv‡W©i Rb¨ KwgwU wb¤œewY©Z m`m¨ mgš^‡q MwVZ n‡e, h_v:
(K) Dc‡Rjv cwil` †Pqvig¨vb KZ…©K g‡bvbxZ GKRb IqvW© †g¤^vi, whwb Gi †Pqvig¨vb n‡eb,
(L) BDwbqb cwil‡ì †Pqvig¨v‡bi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvµ‡g Dc‡Rjv cwil` †Pqvig¨vb KZ©„K g‡bvbxZ
`yÕRb we‡`¨vrmvnx cyiæl,
13
(M) BDwbqb cwil‡ì †Pqvig¨v‡bi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvµ‡g Dc‡Rjv cwil` †Pqvig¨vb KZ©„K g‡bvbxZ
`yÕRb we‡`¨vrmvnx gwnjv,
(N) cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi cÖavb wkÿK ev wkwÿKv, whwb Gi mwPe n‡eb|
(3) †Kvb †c․i GjvKvi Iqv‡W©i Rb¨ KwgwU wb¤œewY©Z m`m¨ mgš^‡q MwVZ n‡e, h_v:
(K) †c․i K‡c©v‡ik‡bi †gqi ev †c․imfvi †Pqvig¨vb KZ©„K g‡bvbxZ GKRb IqvW© Kwgkbvi, whwb
Gi †Pqvig¨vb n‡eb,
(L) IqvW© Kwgkbv‡ii mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvµ‡g D³ †gqi ev †Pqvig¨vb KZ©„K g‡bvbxZ `yRb we‡`¨vrmvnx
cyiæl,
(M) IqvW© Kwgkbv‡ii mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvµ‡g D³ †gqi ev †Pqvig¨vb KZ©„K g‡bvbxZ `yRb we‡`¨vrmvnx
gwnjv,
(N) cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi cÖavb wkÿK ev wkwÿKv, whwb Gi mwPe n‡eb|
(4) hw` †Kv‡bv Iqv‡W© GKvwaK cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖwZôvb _v‡K Zvn‡j Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨KwUi cÖavb wkÿK ev
wkwÿKv KwgwUi m`m¨ n‡eb Ges Dc‡Rjv cwil` †Pqvig¨vb ev †ÿÎgZ, †c․i Kwgk‡bi †gqi ev
†c․imfvi †Pqvig¨vb Zv‡ì ga¨ n‡Z †K KwgwUi mwPe n‡eb Zv wba©viY Ki‡eb|Ó
5. KwgwUi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨

(1) KwgwU H GjvKvq emevmiZ cÖ‡Z¨K wkïi cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b fwZ© nIqv Ges ixwZg‡Zv nvwRi nIqv wbwðZ
Ki‡e Ges GZ`y‡Ï‡k¨ KwgwU Zvi we‡ePbvq cÖ‡qvRbxq ev miKvi KZ©„K wbw`©ó †h †Kv‡bv c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ki‡e|
(2) KwgwU Gi GjvKvq emevmiZ mKj wkïi GKwU ZvwjKv cÖ¯Z ‧ Ki‡e Ges G‡Z GB AvB‡bi Aax‡b hviv cÖv_wgK
wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b fwZ© n‡Z eva¨ Ges hviv GB fwZ© n‡Z Ae¨vnwZ cvIqvi †hvM¨ Zv‡ì bvg ¯^Zš¿fv‡e cÖ`wk©Z
n‡e|
(3) Dcaviv (2)-Gi Aax‡b cÖYxZ ZvwjKv cÖ‡Z¨K eQi wW‡m¤î gv‡mi †kl mßv‡n ms‡kvwaZ n‡e Ges G ms‡kvwaZ
ZvwjKv n‡Z hviv bee‡l©i ïiæ‡Z wkï _vK‡e bv Zv‡ì bvg ev` co‡e Ges hviv wkï n‡e Zv‡ì bvg G‡Z
AšÍfy³
© n‡e|
(4) Dcaviv (2) G DwjøwLZ ZvwjKv Ges Dcaviv (3) G DwjøwLZ ms‡kvwaZ ZvwjKvi GKwU K‡i Abywjwc cÖv_wgK
wkÿv Awdmvi Ges mswkøó IqvW© n‡Z `yB wK‡jvwgUv‡ii g‡a¨ Aew¯ Z GjvKvi cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni
wbKU †cÖiY Ki‡Z n‡e|
(5) cÖ‡Z¨K ermi Rvbyqvwi gv‡mi †kl mßv‡n cÖZ¨K cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi cÖavb wkÿK ev wkwÿKv Zvi cÖwZôv‡b
fwZ© nIqv wkï‡ì bv‡gi GKwU ZvwjKv mswkøó KwgwU Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmv‡ii wbKU †cÖiY Ki‡eb|
(6) cÖ‡Z¨K cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b cÖavb wkÿK ev wkwÿKv cÖwZgv‡mi cÖ_g mßv‡n Zvi wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b c~e©eZ©x gv‡m
AšÍZ mvZ w`b Abycw¯ Z wQj Giƒc wkï‡ì GKwU ZvwjKv mswkøó KwgwU Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmv‡ii wbKU
†cÖiY Ki‡e|
(7) †h‡ÿ‡Î KwgwU †`L‡Z cvq †h, Zvi ZvwjKvfy³ †Kv‡bv wkï hyw³msMZ KviY e¨ZxZ †Kv‡bv cÖv_wgK wkÿv
cÖwZôv‡b fwZ© nqwb ev wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi cÖavb wkÿK ev wkwÿKvi webv AbygwZ‡Z gv‡mi g‡a¨ AšÍZ mvZ w`b
Abycw¯ Z i‡q‡Q †m‡ÿ‡Î KwgwU wkïi AwffveK‡K fwZ© bv nIqvi †ÿ‡Î, Z&vi wkï‡K KwgwU KZ…©K wbw`©ó mg‡qi
g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b fwZ© Kivevi Rb¨ Ges Abycw¯ wZi †ÿ‡Î mswkøó wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b Zvi h_vixwZ
Dcw¯ wZ wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ wjwLZfv‡e wb‡`©k w`‡Z cvi‡e|
14
6. `Ð
(1) hw` †Kv‡bv KwgwU G AvB‡bi Aaxb Zvi `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b e¨_© nq Zv n‡j, Gi cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨ AbwaK `yBkZ UvKv
A_©`‡Ð `wÐZ n‡eb|
(2) hw` †Kv‡bv AwffveK aviv 5 (7) Gi Aaxb cÖ`Ë wb‡`©k cvj‡b cici wZbevi e¨_© nb Zv n‡j, wZwb AbwaK
`yBkZ UvKv A_©`‡Ð `wÐZ n‡eb|
7. Aciva wePviv_© MÖnY

KwgwUi †Pqvig¨v‡bi wjwLZ Awf‡hvM Qvov †Kv‡bv Av`vjZ G AvB‡bi Aaxb †Kv‡bv Aciva wePv‡ii Rb¨
MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| Ó
eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv AvBb-1990 Gi cÖ‡qvM :

eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv AvBb ev¯Íevqb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ 1990 mv‡ji †kl w`‡K GKRb gnvcwiPvjK I wZbRb
cwiPvjK mgš^‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv ev¯Íevqb cwiexÿY †Kvl ¯ vcb Kiv nq| AZtci 1992 mv‡j miKvi 68wU _vbvq
eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖeZ©b K‡ib| G Kvh©µ‡gi Avkve¨ÄK mvd‡j¨ AbycÖvwYZ n‡q 1993 mv‡j mviv‡`k‡K G
Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq Avbv n‡q‡Q| B‡Zvc~‡e© cÖPwjZ cÖv_wgK wkÿv A‣eZwbK wQj| myZivs eZ©gv‡b mviv‡`‡k A‣eZwbK
I eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kvh©µ‡gi AvIZvq G‡m‡Q|
cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv wefv‡Mi cÖZ¨ÿ ZË¡veav‡b cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii m‡½ mgš^‡qi gva¨‡g eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK
wkÿv ev¯Íevqb cwiexÿY †Kvl wb¤œi~c `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Q:
■ gvV ch©v‡q eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv ev¯Íevqb AMÖMwZ mgš^q, cwiexÿY I chv©‡jvPbv Ges
Kg©m~wPi mvgwMÖKZË¡veavb;
■ IqvW©, BDwbqb, _vbv I †Rjv KwgwUmg~‡ni m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM iÿv, w`K-wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb, Z`viwK Ges
KwgwU¸‡jvi Rb¨ ev‡RU cÖYqb I weZiY;
■ †iwR÷vW© †emiKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjqmg~‡ni wkÿK‡ì wbav©wiZ nv‡i gvwmK Aby`vb cÖ`vb;
■ eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv‡K mvgvwRK Av‡›`vj‡b cwiYZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ e¨vcK cÖPvi I
MY‡hvMv‡hvM;
■ wewfbœ KwgwU I ms¯ vi Rb¨ DØy×KiY Kg©m~wP cÖYqb I GZ`msµvšÍ bxwZ wba©viY I ev¯Íevqb;
■ wkï Rwic cwiPvjbv, wkï‡ì ZvwjKv cÖYqb, msiÿY I mieivn;
■ miKvwi I †emiKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cwi`k©b|
me©Rbxb I eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ev¯Íevqb :

me©Rbxb I eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kg©myPx `ywU A½vAw½fv‡e RwoZ| g~jZ GKwU‡K ev` w`‡q AciwU m¤¢e bq|
evsjv‡`‡k †`wi‡Z n‡jI G `ywU Kvh©µgB µgvš^‡q M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| †h †Kv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi j‡ÿ¨ †cu․Qvi Rb¨ PvB Gi
mdj ev¯Íevqb| me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ H mgq †h me c`‡ÿc M„nxZ n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv n‡jvÑ
(K) cÖv_wgK wkÿv Lv‡Z e¨q eiv‡Ïi gvÎv D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e e„w× Kiv,
(L) we`¨vj‡q wkï‡ì fwZ©i nvi e„w× Kiv,
(M) D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msL¨K †e-miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq‡K miKvwiKiY,
(N) wewfbœ we`¨vj‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K †kÖwYKÿ I †k․PvMvi wbg©vY Ges †givgZ Kvh© m¤úv`b Kiv,
15
(O) wkÿv_©x‡ì emvi †eÂ-Uzj, wkÿK‡ì emvi †Pqvi-†Uwej I w÷‡ji Avjgvwi mieivn Kiv,
(P) cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ wkÿv_©x‡ì webvg~‡j¨ cvV¨cy¯ÍK mievin Kiv,
(Q) wkÿK I cÖkvmK‡ì Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwkÿY `vb Kiv,
DwjøwLZ c`‡ÿcmg~n MÖn‡Yi d‡j me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv ev¯Íevq‡bi Avkve¨ÄK wKQy djvdj †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq|
†hgbÑ wkï‡ì fwZ©i nvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ gvÎvq e„w× †c‡q‡Q| c~‡e©i Zyjbvq S‡i covi nvi n«vm †c‡q‡Q Ges we`¨vj‡q
†g‡q‡ì fwZ©i nviI e„w× †c‡q‡Q| GBi~c AbyK~j cUf~wg‡Z 1992 mvj †_‡K eva¨Zvg~jK cªv_wgK wkÿv AvBb
ev¯Íevq‡bi d‡j cÖv_wgK wkÿv †ÿ‡Î AMÖMwZi gvÎv e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Z‡e G AvBb ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ AviI wKQy bZzb
c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgbÑ AwaK msL¨K we`¨vjq M„n wbgv©Y, †kªwYKÿ e„w×, AvmevecÎ I wk‡ÿvcKiYmn
Ab¨vb¨ †f․Z myweavw` e„w×, AwZwi³ wkÿK wb‡qvM BZ¨vw`|
(Z_¨m~Î : cÖv_wgK wkÿv I AvaywbK wPšÍvaviv-2000 Ges evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿv : bxwZ, †K․kj I msMVb)
¯^vaxbZv‡Ëvi cÖv_wgK wkÿvi †ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbvcwÄ mvj wfwËK wb‡¤œ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jv :
mvj NUbvcwÄ
1972 24 †m‡Þ¤î cÖL¨vZ weÁvbx I wkÿvwe` W. KzìvZ-B-Ly`vi †bZ…©‡Z¡ evsjv‡`k wkÿv Kwgkb MVb
1973 RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kL gywRei ingv‡bi HwZnvwmK †NvlYvi gva¨‡g †`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿv‡K RvZxqKiY
1974 30 †g evsjv‡`k wkÿv Kwgkb Gi P~ovšÍ wi‡cvU© cÖKvk
1976 cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii wkÿvµg I cvV¨m~wP cÖYqb
1978 †g․wjK wkÿv GKv‡Wwgi hvÎv ïiæ
1980 me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖeZ©b
1981 wkÿv gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb ¯^Zš¿ cwi`ßi ¯ vcb
1983 gwR` Lvb wkÿv Kwgkb MVb
1985 RvZxq cÖv_wgK GKv‡Wwg(†bc) bv‡g Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv
1987 gwdR DwÏb Avng`‡K cÖavb K‡i Ôevsjv‡`k RvZxq wkÿv KwgkbÕ MVb
1988 Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg cÖYqb
1990 eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv AvBb cvm
1991 †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkLbµg AbymiY ïiæ
1992 mvaviY wkÿv cÖK‡íi KvR ïiæ
1992 wkÿv gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb c„_K cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv wefvM m„wó
1993 mviv‡`‡k eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv Pvjy
1993 wkÿvi Rb¨ Lv`¨ Kg©m~wP Pvjy
1996 AvBwWqvj cÖK‡íi Kvh©µg ïiæ
1997 Aa¨vcK Gg kvgmyj n‡Ki †bZ©„‡Z¡ wkÿv Kwgkb MVb
1997 †bvivW I Rvg©vb mvnvh¨cyó wRwU‡RW cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖK‡íi Kvh©µg ïiæ
1997 wcBwWwc Kvh©µg ïiæ
1998 wWGdAvBwW mvnvh¨cyó Gw÷g cÖK‡íi Kvh©µg ïiæ
2000 WvKvi m‡¤§jb
2003 Aa¨vcK gwbiæ¾vgvb wgqvi †bZ…©‡Z¡ evsjv‡`k wkÿv Kwgkb MVb
2003 c„_K I ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq MVb I wcBwWwc-2 Kvh©µg ïiæ
2009 Aa¨vcK Kwei †P․ayixi †bZ…©‡Z¡ 16 m`‡mï wkÿv Kwgkb MVb
16
2010 RvZxq wkÿvbxwZ 2010 cÖYqb
2011 wcBwWwc-3 Kvh©µg ïiæ
2013 ZvwjKvfy³ mKj †iwR÷vW© †emKvwi I KwgDwbwU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq RvZxqKi‡Yi †NvlYv
2014 cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki c` Ges mnKvix wkÿK‡ì †eZb‡¯‥j DbœxZKiY
2016-17 wcBwWwc-3 Gi AvIZvq wcwUAvB wenxb †Rjvq 12wU bZzb wcwUAvB ¯ vcb|
2017 1 †KvwU 30 jÿ wkïi gv‡q‡ì wbKU †gvevBj e¨vswKs-Gi gva¨‡g Dce„wË †cÖiY wbwðZ KiY|
2018 wcBwWwc-4 Gi Kvh©µg ïiæ|
2.4 : RvZxq wkÿvbxwZ-2010

RvZxq wkÿvbxwZ-2010 cÖYq‡b MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv`‡ki msweav‡b wea„Z mswkøó wb‡`©kbvmg~n we‡ePbvq ivLv n‡q‡Q
RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi Kb‡fkb, †hLv‡b cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨ †`‡k mKj wkïi wkÿvi AwaKvi wbwðZ Kivi ZvwM` i‡q‡Q,
†mwUI we‡ePbvq †bIqv n‡q‡Q|
wkÿvbxwZi g~j D‡Ïk¨- gvbeZvi weKvk Ges RbgyLx Dbœqb I cÖMwZ‡Z †bZ…Z¡`v‡bi Dc‡hvMx gbbkxj, hyw³ev`x,
bxwZevb, wb‡Ri Ges Ab¨vb¨ a‡g©i cÖwZ kª×vkxj, Kzms¯‥vigy³, cigZmwnòz, Amv¤cÖ`vwqK, †`k‡cÖwgK Ges Kg©Kzkj
bvMwiK M‡o †Zvjv| cvkvcvwk wkÿvi gva¨‡gB RvwZ‡K `ªæZ cwieZ©bkxj we‡k¦i m‡½ Zvj wgwj‡q Pjvi •ewkó¨ I
`ÿZv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| GB wkÿvbxwZ msweav‡bi wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx †`‡k MYgyLx, myjf, mylg, me©Rbxb, mycwiKwíZ,
weÁvb gb¯‥ Ges gvbm¤úbœ wkÿv`v‡b mÿg wkÿveë¯ v M‡o †Zvjvi wfwË I iY‡K․kj wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e|
RvZxq wkÿvbxwZ-2010 Gi Av‡jv‡K cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ wb¤œiƒc wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q
:
K. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv
 D‡Ïk¨ I jÿ¨
wkï‡ì Rb¨ AvbyôvwbK wkÿv ïiæ Kivi Av‡M wkïi AšÍwb©wnZ Acvi we¯§q‡eva, Amxg †K․Z~nj, Avb›`‡eva I AdzišÍ
D`¨‡gi g‡Zv me©Rbxb gvbweK e„wËi myôz weKvk Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq gvbwmK I •`wnK cÖ¯w‧ Z MÖn‡Yi cwi‡ek •Zwi Kiv
cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB Zv‡ì Rb¨ we`¨vjq-cÖ¯w‧ Zg~jK cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi eë¯ v Kiv Riæwi| Ab¨vb¨ wkïi m‡½ GK‡Î GB
cÖ¯w‧ Zg~jK wkÿv wkïi g‡a¨ wkÿvi cÖwZ AvMÖn m„wó‡Z mnvqK n‡e| Kv‡RB 5+ eQi eq¯‥ wkï‡ì Rb¨ cÖv_wgKfv‡e
GK eQi †gqvw` cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv Pvjy Kiv n‡e| GB ch©v‡q wkÿvµg n‡e:
 wkÿv I we`¨vj‡qi cÖwZ wkïi AvMÖn m„wóg~jK Ges myKzgvi e„wËi Abykxjb|
 Ab¨‡ì cÖwZ mnbkxjZv Ges cieZ©x AvbyôvwbK wkÿvi Rb¨ k„•Ljv‡eva m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf|
 †K․kj
1. wkÿK wkÿv`v‡bi mgq Ab¨vb¨ MÖnY‡hvM¨ Dcv‡qi m‡½ Qwe, is, bvbv ai‡bi mnR AvKl©Yxq wkÿv DcKiY,
g‡Wj, nv‡Zi Kv‡Ri m‡½ Qov, Mí I †Ljvi gva¨‡g cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv`v‡bi eë¯ v MÖnY Ki‡eb|
2. wkï‡ì ¯^vfvweK AbymwÜrmy I †K․Z~n‡ji cÖwZ kª×vkxj †_‡K Zv‡ì ¯^vfvweK cÖvYkw³ I D”Q¡vm‡K eënvi K‡i
Avb›`gq cwi‡e‡k ggZv I fv‡jvevmvi m‡½ wkÿv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e| wkï‡ì myiÿvi welqwU wbwðZ Kiv n‡e †hb
Zviv †Kv‡bvfv‡eB, †Kv‡bviKg kvixwiK I gvbwmK AZ¨vPv‡ii wkKvi bv nq|
3. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Rb¨ cÖwZ we`¨vj‡q evowZ wkÿ‡Ki c` m„wó I †kªwYKÿ e„w× Kiv n‡e| Z‡e mgqmv‡cÿ I
e¨qeûj nIqvq av‡c av‡c Zv ev¯Íevq‡bi eë¯ v Kiv n‡e|
4. gmwR`, gw›ì, MxR©v I c¨v‡MvWvq ag© gš¿Yvjq KZ©„K cwiPvwjZ mKj a‡g©i wkï‡ì ag©xq Ávb, Aÿi Ávbmn
AvaywbK wkÿv I •bwZKZv wkÿvcÖ`v‡bi Kg©m~wP cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Ask wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv n‡e|
17
RvZxq wkÿvbxwZ-2010 Gi Av‡jv‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ wb¤œiƒc wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q:
L. cÖv_wgK wkÿv
 D‡Ïk¨ I jÿ¨
RvZxq Rxe‡b cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸iæZ¡ AZ¨vwaK| †`‡ki me gvby‡li wkÿvi Av‡qvRb Ges RbmsL¨v‡K `ÿ K‡i †Zvjvi
wfwËg~j cÖv_wgK wkÿv| ZvB gvbm¤úbœ cÖv_wgK wkÿvMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ RvwZmËv, Av_©-mvgvwRK, kvixwiK-gvbwmK mxgve×Zv
Ges †f․‡MvwjK Ae¯ v wbwe©‡k‡l †`‡ki mKj wkïi Rb¨ mgvb my‡hvM m„wó Kiv n‡e| GKvR Kiv iv‡óªi mvsweavwbK
`vwqZ¡| wkÿvi GB ¯Íi cieZ©x mKj ¯Í‡ii wfwË m„wó K‡i e‡j h_vh_ gvbm¤úbœ Dch©y³ cÖv_wgK wkÿvi eë¯ v Kiv
Acwinvh©|
cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ci A‡b‡K Kg©Rxeb Avi¤¢ K‡i e‡j gvbm¤úbœ cÖv_wgK wkÿv Zv‡ì h‡_ó mnvqK n‡Z cv‡i| cÖv_wgK
wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î ¯ vb I we`¨vjq †f‡` my‡hvM-myweavi cÖKU •elg¨, AeKvVv‡gvMZ mgm¨v, wkÿK-¯^íZv I cÖwkÿ‡Yi
`ye©jZvmn weivRgvb mgm¨vmg~n `~i K‡i RvwZi mvwe©K wkÿvi wfZ k³ Kiv n‡e| cÖv_wgK wkÿv n‡e me©Rbxb,
eva¨Zvg~jK, A‣eZwbK Ges mK‡ji Rb¨ GKB gv‡bi| 2010Ñ11 mv‡ji g‡a¨ cÖv_wgK ¯‥z‡j fwZ© 100 kZvs‡k
DbœxZ Kiv n‡e| †h mg¯Í MÖv‡g cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq †bB †m mKj MÖv‡g b~¨bc‡ÿ GKwU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq `ªæZ cÖwZôv Kiv
n‡e|
 cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ wb¤œiƒc :

 gvbweK g~j¨‡ev‡ai weKvk Ges †`kR Aven I Dcv`vbwfwËK wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK AbymiY Kiv| we`¨vj‡q
Avb›`gq AbyK~j cwi‡ek •Zwi K‡i wkï‡ì kvixwiK I gvbwmK weKv‡ki eë¯ v Kiv|
 K‡qKwU †g․wjK wel‡q GK I Awfbœ wkÿvµg I cvV¨m~wP me ai‡bi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q cvV`vb eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv|
 wkïi g‡b b¨vq‡eva, KZ©e¨‡eva, k„•Ljv, wkóvPvi‡eva, Amv¤cÖ`vwqK `„wófw½, gvbevwaKvimn Rxebhvc‡bi
gvbwmKZv, †K․Z~nj, cÖxwZ, †m․nv`©¨, Aa¨vemvq BZ¨vw` •bwZK I AvwZ¥K ¸Yvewj AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv Ges Zv‡K
weÁvb I ms¯‥…wZ gb¯‥ Kiv Ges Kzms¯‥vigy³ gvbyl wn‡m‡e M‡o DV‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiv|
 gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq DÏxß Kivi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xi †`kvZ¥‡ev‡ai weKvk I †`k MVbg~jK Kv‡R Zv‡K DØy× Kiv|
 wkÿv_©xi wbR ¯Í‡ii h_vh_ gvbm¤úbœ cÖvwšÍK `ÿZv wbwðZ K‡i Zv‡K D”PZi av‡ci wkÿv MÖn‡Y Drmvnx Ges
Dc‡hvMx K‡i †Zvjv| GB j‡ÿ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K Dchy³ wkÿ‡Ki eë¯ v Kiv| GQvov †f․Z AeKvVv‡gv,
mvgvwRK, cvwicvwk¦©KZv, wkÿv`vb I wkÿv MÖnY c×wZ, wkÿK-wkÿv_©x m¤úK© AvKl©Yxq K‡i †Zvjv Ges †g‡q‡ì
gh©v`v mgybœZ ivLv|
 wkÿv_©x‡K Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨ Avek¨Kxq Ávb, welqwfwËK `ÿZv, Rxeb-`ÿZv, `„wófw½, g~j¨‡eva, mvgvwRK
m‡PZbZv AR©‡bi gva¨‡g †g․wjK wkLb Pvwn`v c~i‡Y mg_© Kiv Ges cieZ©x ¯Í‡ii wkÿv jv‡fi Dc‡hvMx K‡i
M‡o †Zvjvi h_vh_ eë¯ v MÖnY Kiv|
 wkÿv_©x‡ì g‡a¨ KvwqK kª‡gi AvMÖn I gh©v`v‡eva Ges e„wËg~jK wkÿv m¤^‡Ü cÖv_wgK aviYv m„wói j‡ÿ¨ lô †_‡K
Aóg †kªwY‡Z cÖvK-e„wËg~jK wkÿvi eë¯ v Kiv|
 cÖv_wgK wkÿv ¯Í‡ii Avwèvmxmn mKj ÿz`ª RvwZmËvi Rb¨ ¯^ ¯^ gvZ…fvlv wkÿvi eë¯ v Kiv|
 wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î cðvrc` GjvKvmg~‡n cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœq‡b we‡kl bRi †Ìqv|
 me ai‡Yi cÖwZeÜxmn my‡hvM-myweav ewÂZ †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì Rb¨ my‡hvM-myweav e„w× K‡i mKj wkÿv_©xi Rb¨
mgvbmy‡hvM m„wói j‡ÿ¨ eë¯ v Kiv|
18
 †K․kj
 iv‡óªi `vwqZ¡
mK‡ji Rb¨ †g․wjK wkÿv wbwðZ Kivi ZvwM` msweav‡b wea„Z Av‡Q| ZvB cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯ vcbv m¤ú~Y©fv‡e
iv‡óªi `vwqZ¡ Ges ivóª‡KB GB `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi RvZxqKiY cÖwµqv Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e| cÖv_wgK wkÿvi `vwqZ¡ †emiKvwi ev GbwRI Lv‡Z
n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv hv‡e bv| †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb ev †Kv‡bv GbwRI cÖv_wgK wkÿv`vb K‡i wkÿv cÖwZôvb
cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z PvB‡j Zv h_vh_ KZ©„c‡ÿi AbygwZ mv‡c‡ÿ ivóªxq wewa-weavb cvjb K‡i Ki‡Z n‡e|
 cÖv_wgK wkÿvi †gqv` I ev¯Íevqb

1. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi †gqv` cuvP eQi †_‡K e„w× K‡i AvU eQi A_©vr Aóg †kªwY ch©šÍ m¤cÖmviY Kiv n‡e| GwU
ev¯Íevq‡b `yÕwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n‡jv AeKvVv‡gvMZ Avek¨KZv †gUv‡bv Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K Dchy©³
wkÿ‡Ki eë¯ v Kiv|
2011Ñ12 A_© eQi †_‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿvq lô †_‡K Aóg †kªwY ch©šÍ Pvjy Kivi Rb¨ AbwZwej‡¤^ wb¤œwjwLZ
c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv n‡e :
 cÖ_g †_‡K Aóg †kªwY ch©šÍ cÖv_wgK wkÿvi bZzb wkÿvµg, cvV¨cy¯ÍK Ges wkÿK wb‡`©wkKv cÖYqb Kiv;
 cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi mKj wkÿ‡Ki Rb¨ wkÿvµg we¯ÍiYmn wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi Ici djcÖm~ cÖwkÿ‡Yi
eë¯ v Kiv;
 wkÿv cÖkvmb I eë¯ vcbvi cÖ‡qvRbxq cybwe©b¨vm Kiv|
cÖv_wgK wkÿvi GB cybwe©b¨v‡mi Rb¨ cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi mKj we`¨vj‡qi †f․Z my‡hvM-myweav e„w× Ges
wkÿ‡Ki msL¨v evov‡bv n‡e| h_vh_ c×wZ AbymiY K‡i AvU eQi e¨vcx cÖv_wgK wkÿv ev¯Íevqb 2018 Gi
g‡a¨ †Q‡j †g‡q, Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯ v Ges RvwZmËv wbwe©‡k‡l ch©vqµ‡g mviv †`‡ki mKj wkïi Rb¨
wbwðZ Kiv n‡e|
 wewfbœ avivi mgš^q
2. •elg¨nxb wkÿv eë¯ v Pvjy Kivi j‡ÿ¨ mgMÖ †`‡k cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii mKj wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b wba©vwiZ welqmg~‡n GK I
Awfbœ wkÿvµg I cvV¨m~wP cÖeZ©b Kiv n‡e| A_©vr cÖv_wgK wkÿvi wewfbœ aviv h_v : miKvwi I †emiKvwi cÖv_wgK
we`¨vjq, wKÛviMv‡U©b (evsjv I Bs‡iwR gva¨g), Ge‡Z`vwqmn me ai‡bi gv`ªvmvi g‡a¨ mgš^q NUv‡bvi Rb¨ GB
eë¯ v Pvjy Kiv n‡e|
3. wkÿvi gvb I wkÿv_©x‡ì `ÿZv Dbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ Ge‡Z`vwqmn me ai‡bi gv`ªvmvmg~n AvU eQi †gqvw` cÖv_wgK
wkÿv Pvjy Ki‡e Ges cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii bZzb mgwš^Z wkÿv Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb Ki‡e|
4. wewfbœ ai‡bi (KwgDwbwU we`¨vjq, †iwRw÷ªK…Z bq Ggb wkÿv cÖwZôvb, †iwRw÷ªK…Z wkÿv cÖwZôvb, miKvwi wkÿv
cÖwZôvb, wKÛviMv‡U©b wkÿv cÖwZôvb, MÖvgxY I kû‡i wkÿv cÖwZôvb) cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi g‡a¨ my‡hvM myweavi †h
cÖKU •elg¨ weivRgvb Zv `~ixKi‡Yi j‡ÿ c`‡ÿc †bIqv n‡e|
 wkÿvµg I cvV¨m~wP
5. cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii wkÿvi aviv wbwe©‡k‡l mKj wkÿv_©x‡K wbw`©ó †kªwYi cvV¨m~wP Abyhvqx wba©vwiZ welqmg~n A_©vr
evsjv,Bs‡iwR, •bwZK wkÿv, evsjv‡`k ÷vwWR, MwYZ, mvgvwRK cwi‡ek I Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi aviYvmn cÖvK…wZK
cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ Ges Z_¨cÖhyw³ I weÁvb eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e co‡Z n‡e| mKj wel‡qi wkÿvµgI cvV¨m~wP
cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ GKwU we‡klÁ KwgwU MVb Kiv n‡e| D³ KwgwU h_vh_ ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wkÿvµg I cvV¨m~wP
cÖYqb Ki‡e| me©Î AeKvVv‡gv •Zwi Ges Kw¤úDUvi mieivn I Kw¤úDUvi wkÿK wb‡qvM bv †Ìqv ch©šÍ Z_¨
cÖhyw³ wkÿv I g~j¨vqb, Z_¨cÖhyw³ mnR cvV I Abykxjb cy¯ÍK wfwËK n‡e|
19
gvbm¤úbœ Bs‡iwR wjLb-K_‡bi j‡ÿ¨ h_vh_ Kvh©µg ïiæ †_‡KB MÖnY Kiv n‡e Ges µgvš^‡q Ic‡ii †kªwYmg~‡n
cÖ‡qvRbvbymv‡i †Rvi`vi Kiv n‡e| cÖ_g †kªwY †_‡K mnwkÿvµg welq _vK‡Z cv‡i| cÖv_wgK ¯Íi †_‡K wbR wbR
ag© I •bwZK wkÿv eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv n‡e| cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii †kl wZb †kªwY‡Z A_©vr lô †_‡K Aóg †kªwY ch©šÍ
wkÿv_©x‡ì Rxeb cwi‡e‡ki Dc‡hvMx cÖvK-e„wËg~jK Ges Z_¨cÖhyw³ wkÿv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e, hv‡Z hviv †Kv‡bv
Kvi‡Y Avi D”PZi ch©v‡q co‡e bv G wkÿvi d‡j Zv‡ì Kg©ms¯ v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó n‡Z cv‡i|
 fwZ©i eqm
6. eZ©gv‡b Pvjy 6+ eQi eq‡m cÖ_g †kªwY‡Z fwZ©i wbqg eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv n‡e|
7. cÖv_wgK wkÿvq wkÿK-wkÿv_©xi AbycvZ n‡e 1 : 30| G jÿ¨ ch©vqµ‡g 2018 mv‡ji g‡a¨ AR©b Kiv n‡e|
 we`¨vj‡qi cwi‡ek
8. cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii wkÿK/wkwÿKvi AvPiY †hb wkÿv_©x‡ì Kv‡Q we`¨vjq‡K AvKl©Yxq K‡i †Zv‡j †mw`‡K bRi †Ìqv
n‡e Ges wkÿv c×wZ n‡e wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ Avb›``vqK, wPËvKl©K, cV‡b AvMÖn m„wói mnvqK|
9. mKj we`¨vj‡q wkÿv`vb I MÖnY Ges wkÿv_©xi myiÿvi AbyK~j cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv n‡e|
 wkÿv-mvgMÖx
10. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi wba©vwiZ D‡Ïk¨vewji wfwË‡Z wkÿvµg-KvVv‡gv Abyhvqx RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©
cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi Rb¨ c„_K welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv Ges †kªwYMZ †hvM¨Zvi wba©viY K‡i welqwfwËK wkÿv
mvgMÖx h_v cvV¨cy¯ÍK Ges cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a m¤ú~iK cVb mvgMÖx Ges Abykxjb cy¯ÍK I wkÿK mnvwqKv (we‡kølY,
D`vniY I Abykxjb msewjZ cy¯ÍK) cÖYqb Ki‡e| mKj cvV¨cy¯ÍK mnR I mvejxj fvlvq iwPZ, AvKl©Yxq Ges
wbf©yj Kiv n‡e| `„wócÖwZeÜx wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ †eªBj c×wZ‡Z cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki eë¯ v Kiv n‡e|
 S‡i cov mgm¨vi mgvavb
11. `wi`ª †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì Rb¨ Dce„wË m¤cÖmviY Kiv n‡e|
12. ¯‥z‡ji cwi‡ek AvKl©Yxq I Avb›`gq K‡i †Zvjv n‡e| GB j‡ÿ¨ wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ †Ljvayjvi myeë¯ v, mvs¯‥…wZK
Kg©KvÐ, wkÿv_©x‡ì cÖwZ wkÿK‡ì AvMÖn, ggZ¡‡eva I mnvbyf~wZkxj AvPiY Ges cwi”Qbœ †f․Z cwi‡ekmn
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ DcKi‡Yi Dbœqb NUv‡bv n‡e| †Q‡j‡g‡q wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ gvbm¤úbœ c„_K Uq‡j‡Ui eë¯ v Kiv n‡e|
kvixwiK kvw¯Í m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wejyß Kiv n‡e|
13. `ycy‡ii Lvevi eë¯ v Kiv Riæwi| wcwQ‡q cov GjvKvmn MÖvgxY mKj we`¨vj‡q `ycy‡i Lvevi eë¯ v
ch©vqµ‡g Pvjy Kiv n‡e|
14. cvnvwo GjvKvq Ges `~ieZ©x I cÖZ¨šÍ AÂ‡ji †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì Rb¨ we`¨vj‡q †nv‡÷‡ji eë¯ v Kivi
w`‡K bRi †Ìqv n‡e|
15. nvIi, Pi Ges GKm‡½ †ek wKQyw`b a‡i cÖvK…wZK wech©‡qi wkKvi nq Ggb GjvKvi we`¨vj‡q mgqm~wP Ges QywUi
w`bmg~‡ni cwieZ©b Kivi my‡hvM _vK‡e| G mKj wel‡q ¯ vbxq mgvRwfwËK Z`viwK eë¯ vi mycvwi‡k ¯ vbxq
ch©v‡q wm×všÍ †bIqv hv‡e|
16. †g‡q wkï‡ì g‡a¨ S‡i covi cÖeYZv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e AwaK nIqvq Zviv hv‡Z S‡i bv c‡o †mw`‡K we‡kl bRi
†Ìqv n‡e| †g‡q wkÿv_©xiv †hb we`¨vj‡q †Kv‡bvfv‡e DË¨³ bv nq Zv wbwðZ Kiv n‡e|
17. eZ©gv‡b cÂg †kªwY †kl Kivi Av‡M cÖvq A‡a©K Ges hviv cieZ©x ch©v‡q hvq Zv‡ì cÖvq 40 kZvsk `kg †kªwY
†kl Kivi Av‡M S‡i c‡o| S‡i cov `ªæZ Kwg‡q Avbv Riæwi| 2018 mv‡ji g‡a¨ mKj wkÿv_©x †hb Aóg †kªwY
†kl Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvi cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯ v `ªæZ MÖnY Kiv n‡e|
20
 Avwèvmx wkï
18. Avwèvmx wkïiv hv‡Z wb‡R‡ì fvlv wkL‡Z cv‡i †mB j‡ÿ¨ Zv‡ì Rb¨ Avwèvmx wkÿK I cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki eë¯ v
Kiv n‡e|
19. Avwèvmx cÖvwšÍK wkï‡ì Rb¨ we‡kl mnvqZvi eë¯ v Kiv n‡e|
20. Avwèvmx Aay¨wlZ (cvnvo wKsev mgZj) †h mKj GjvKvq cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq †bB †m mKj GjvKvq cÖv_wgK
we`¨vjq ¯ vcb Kiv n‡e|
 cÖwZeÜx wkï
21. meai‡bi cÖwZeÜxi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbvbymv‡i we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z cÖwZeÜxevÜe my‡hvM-myweav †hgb-†k․PvMvi eënvimn
Pjv‡div Kiv I Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvM wbwðZ Kiv n‡e|
22. cÖwZeÜx‡ì we‡kl cÖ‡qvRb‡K AMÖvwaKvi wfwË‡Z we‡kl we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e|
23. cÖ‡Z¨K wcwUAvB‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖwZeÜx wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ wkÿv`vb c×wZi Dci Kgc‡ÿ GKRb cÖwkÿK‡K
cÖwkÿY †Ìqv n‡e|
 c_wkï I Ab¨vb¨ AwZewÂZ wkï

24. G‡ì cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq Avbvi Ges a‡i ivLvi j‡ÿ¨ webv Li‡P fwZ©i my‡hvM, webvg~‡j¨ wkÿv DcKiY mieivn,
`ycy‡ii Lvevi eë¯ v Ges e„wË`vbmn we‡kl eë¯ v MÖnY Kiv n‡e| we`¨vj‡q Zv‡ì myiÿvi Rb¨ Kvh©Ki eë¯ v
MÖnY Kiv n‡e|
 wewfbœ ai‡bi Ges GjvKvi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb cÖKU •elg¨
25. G •elg¨ av‡c av‡c Kwg‡q Avbv n‡e| †m j‡ÿ¨ A‡cÿvK…Z wcwQ‡q cov GjvKvmg~‡n Aew¯ Z ¯‥zjmn MÖvgxY
we`¨vjqmg~n‡K cwiKwíZ Kg©m~wPi wfwË‡Z we‡kl mnvqZv †Ìqv n‡e, hv‡Z K‡qK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ •elg¨ wbim‡b
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ DbœwZ N‡U|
 wkÿY c×wZ
26. wkïi m„Rbkxj wPšÍv I `ÿZvi cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ mwµq wkÿY-c×wZ AbymiY K‡i wkÿv_©x‡K GKKfv‡e ev
`jMZfv‡e Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi my‡hvM †Ìqv n‡e| djcÖm~ wkÿv`vb c×wZ D™¢veb, cixÿY I ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨
M‡elYv DrmvwnZ Kiv n‡e Ges †m Rb¨ mnvqZv †Ìqv n‡e|
 wkÿv_©x g~j¨vqb
27. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cÖ_g I wØZxq †kªwY‡Z avivevwnK g~j¨vqb Ges Z„Zxq †_‡K mKj †kªwY‡Z •ÎgvwmK, Aa©evwl©K
I evwl©K cixÿv Pvjy _vK‡e| cÂg †kªwY †k‡l Dc‡Rjv/†c․imfv/_vbv (eo eo kni) ch©v‡q mK‡ji Rb¨ Awfbœ
cÖkcœ ‡Î mgvcbx cixÿv AbywôZ n‡e| Aóg †kªwY †k‡l AvcvZZ Rywbqi ¯‥zj mvwU©wd‡KU cixÿv bv‡g GKwU
cvewjK cixÿv AbywôZ n‡e Ges GB cixÿv mswkøó wkÿv‡evW© Øviv cwiPvwjZ n‡e|
 we`¨vj‡qi DbœwZ I wkÿvi gv‡bvbœq‡b Z`viwK Ges Zv‡Z Rbm¤ú„³Zv

28. we`¨vj‡qi Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Ð mgv‡Ri AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ h_vh_ we‡ePbvi wfwË‡Z wbe©vwPZ I c`vwaKvie‡j
AšÍf©y³ m`m¨ m¤^wjZ eë¯ vcbv KwgwU‡K Av‡iv mwµq Kivi j‡ÿ¨ we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbvi †ÿ‡Î KwgwU‡K cÖ‡qvR‡b
Av‡iv ÿgZv †Ìqv n‡e| Z‡e cvkvcvwk KwgwUi Revew`wnZv wbwðZ Kiv n‡e|
29. mwµq AwffveK-wkÿK KwgwU cÖwZôv K‡i AwffveK‡ì we`¨vjq Ges Zuv‡ì †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì cov‡kvbvi wel‡q
Av‡iv Drmvnx Kivi c`‡ÿc †bIqv n‡e|
21
 wkÿK wb‡qvM I wkÿK‡ì c‡`vbœwZ
30. cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg †kªwYi wkÿK wb‡qv‡Mi me©wb¤œ mvaviY †hvM¨Zv n‡e wØZxq wefvMmn GBPGmwm ev mggv‡bi
cixÿvq cvm Ges lô †_‡K Aóg †kªwYi Rb¨ wØZxq wefvMmn ¯œvZK wWwMÖavix gwnjv ev cyiæl| Z‡e wb‡Pi
†kªwY‡Z gwnjv wkÿK‡ì cÖvavb¨ †Ìqv n‡e| †hvM`v‡bi ci m‡e©v”P wZb eQ‡ii g‡a¨ G mKj wkÿK‡K cÖwkÿY
MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges wm-Bb-GW/weGW AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki mivmwi wb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ b~¨bZg †hvM¨Zv n‡e wØZxq wefv‡M ¯œvZK ev mggv‡bi wWwMÖ Ges †hvM`v‡bi
ci m‡e©v”P wZb eQ‡ii g‡a¨ wm-Bb-GW ev weGW (cÖvBgvwi) wWwMÖ AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| wkÿK‡ì ¯Íi Ges †eZb
†¯‥j h‡_v‡cvhy³ web¨vm K‡i (h_v: mnKvix wkÿK, mnKvix cÖavb wkÿK, cÖavb wkÿK) Zv‡ì c‡`vbœwZi my‡hvM
m„wó K‡i wkÿK‡ì DrmvwnZ Kiv n‡e| A_©‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZv Ges RvwZi fwel¨r MV‡b wkÿK‡ì ¸iæZ¡ I gh©v`v
we‡ePbvq wb‡q Zv‡ì †eZb-fvZv wba©viY Kiv n‡e; cvkvcvwk Zv‡ì Revew`wnZvI wbwðZ Kiv n‡e|
31. wkÿK‡ì cÖwkÿ‡Yi wewfbœ Kvh©Ki eë¯ v MÖnY Kiv n‡e Ges Kg©Kvjxb cÖwkÿ‡Yi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv n‡e|
cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a I m¤¢ve¨‡ÿ‡Î we‡`‡k cÖwkÿ‡Yi eë¯ v Kiv n‡e| †`‡k cÖwkÿY cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi `ÿZv I cÖwkÿY
ÿgZv evovb n‡e|
32. wkÿK‡ì cÖwkÿ‡Yi m‡½ c‡`vbœwZi †hvMm~Î ¯ vcb Kiv Avek¨K e‡j D”PZi wWwMÖavix Ges cÖwkwÿZ
†hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ e¨w³‡ì mivmwi wb‡qvM Ges Z¡ivwš^Z c‡`vbœwZi gva¨‡g D”PZi c` c~i‡Yi eë¯ v Kiv n‡e|
cÖ‡qvR‡b c` DbœxZ (Avc‡MÖBwWs) Kiv n‡e| Z‡e Gi Rb¨ h_vh_ wewa-weavb •Zwi Kiv n‡e|
 wkÿK wbe©vPb
33. miKvwi Aby‡gv`b I Avw_©K mnvqZvcÖvß †emiKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq I Be‡Z`vwq gvìvmvmg~‡ni Rb¨ †gavwfwËK
I Dchy³ wkÿK wbe©vP‡bi j‡ÿ¨ miKvwi Kg©Kwgk‡bi Abyiƒc GKwU †emiKvwi wkÿK wbe©vPb Kwgkb MVb Kiv
n‡e| GB Kwgkb wkÿv I cÖkvm‡bi m‡½ mswkøó e¨w³e‡M©i mgš^‡q MwVZ n‡e| h_vh_ wjwLZ I †g․wLK cixÿvi
gva¨‡g Kwgkb wkÿK wbe©vPb cÖwµqv m¤úv`b Ki‡e| GB wbe©vPb Dc‡Rjv ev †RjvwfwËK n‡e|
Kwgkb Øviv wbe©vwPZ‡ì ga¨ †_‡K h_vh_ wb‡qvM`vbKvix KZ©„cÿ wewfbœ we`¨vj‡q wkÿK wb‡qvM †`‡e|
we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K eQi KZRb wkÿK cÖ‡qvRb Zv Dc‡Rjv/_vbvwfwËK mgš^q K‡i Kwgkb‡K Rvbv‡e-Avi
GB wfwË‡Z GK eQ‡ii Rb¨ welqIqvix wkÿK wbe©vP‡bi cÖwµqv Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wfwËK jÿ¨ w¯ i Kiv n‡e|
 we`¨vj‡q wkÿv`v‡bi ZË¡veavb I cwiexÿY
34. we`¨vj‡q Af¨šÍixY ZË¡veav‡bi `vwqZ¡ g~jZ cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki Ici; ZvB GB `vwqZ¡ `ÿZvi mv‡_ hv‡Z cÖavb
wkÿKMY cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡ib †mRb¨ Zuv‡ì‡K we‡kl cÖwkÿY †Ìqv cÖ‡qvRb| we`¨vj‡qi ewntZË¡veav‡bi I
cwiexÿ‡Yi KvR h_vm¤¢e we‡K›`ªxKiY Kiv Avek¨K| GKv‡R wb‡qvwRZ Kg©KZ©v‡ì (†hgbÑ GwUwBI)
ev¯Íem¤§Zfv‡e we`¨vj‡qi msL¨v wba©viY K‡i †Ìqv n‡e hv‡Z Zuviv ZË¡veavb I cwiexÿ‡Yi `vwqZ¡ myôzfv‡e
cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
 Ab¨vb¨
35. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi me©Rbxb we¯Ív‡ii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K we`¨vjq ¯ vcb K‡i wewfbœ my‡hvM-myweav evovb n‡e|
†Kv‡bv MÖv‡g we`¨vjq †bB ev †Kv‡bv MÖv‡g Av‡iv we`¨vjq cÖ‡qvRb Zv Rwi‡ci gva¨‡g w¯ i K‡i we`¨vjq cÖwZôvi
eë¯ v Kiv n‡e|
36. b¨vkbvj GKv‡Wwg di cÖvBgvwi GWy‡Kkb (†bc) †K Afxó gv‡bi kxl© ch©v‡qi RvZxq cÖwZôv‡b cwiYZ Ki‡Z n‡e
†hb Zv Kvh©Kifv‡e cÖv_wgK wkÿvi gv‡bvbœq‡b wewfbœ D™¢vebg~jK Kvh©µg m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq
c`‡ÿç‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q: wcwUAvB¸‡jvi GKv‡WwgK ÷vd‡ì Ges gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©v I cÖKífy³ Ab¨vb¨
Kg©KZ©v‡ì cÖwkÿY, †g․wjK wkÿK cÖwkÿ‡Yi wkÿvµg •Zwi I Aby‡gv`b, cÖwkÿY ZË¡veavb, cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì
cixÿv cwiPvjbv I wW‡cøvgv cÖ`vb Kiv, cÖv_wgK wkÿvi gv‡bvbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ M‡elYv, Kg©kvjv, m‡¤§jb cwiPvjbv BZ¨vw`|
37. mevi Rb¨ gvbm¤§Z cÖv_wgK wkÿv wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ mgMÖ RvwZ‡K me©kw³ wb‡qvwRZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
38. wkÿv_©x‡ì g‡a¨ cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯ ¨msµv¯Í cÖ‡qvRbxq AvPiwYK m‡PZbZv (†hgbÑ bL KvUv, nvZ †avqv, ùvZ cwi®‥vi
Kiv BZ¨vw`) m„wó Kivi eë¯ v †bIqv n‡e|
(Z_¨m~Î : RvZxq wkÿvbxwZ-2010)
22
cÖkœgvjv : 2
K. mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. wb¤œMvgx cwi¯ªveY bxwZ ej‡Z Kx ey‡Sb wjLyb|
2. DW-Gi †Wmc¨vP m¤ú‡K© ms‡ÿ‡c wjLyb
3. AvZvDi ingvb Luvb wkÿv Kwgkb Gi wi‡cvU© Gi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`Kmg~n wjLyb|
4. me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿvi mvaviY D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv wjLyb|
5. me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kvh©µg †Rvi`vi Kivi Rb¨ Kx Kx c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q ms‡ÿ‡c wjLyb|
6. KLb eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv AvBb cvm nq? G AvB‡bi g~j aviv¸‡jv wjLyb|
7. RvZxq wkÿvbxwZi Av‡jv‡K Kxfv‡e wkÿv_©x S‡i cov mgvavb Kiv hvq Zv eY©bv Kiæb|
8. RvZxq wkÿvbxwZi Av‡jv‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿK wb‡qvM cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
L. iPbvgjK cÖkœ :
1. e„wUk Avg‡ji cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯ v m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
2. W. gyn¤§` KzìvZ-B-Ly`v wkÿv Kwgkb-Gi wi‡cvU© m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Kiæb|
3. eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv KwgwUi m`m¨ †K †K wjLyb Ges KwgwUi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
4. me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Kiæb|
5. eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv AvBb-1990 Gi Kxfv‡e ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡q‡Q eY©bv Kiæb|
6. RvZxq wkÿvbxwZ 2010-Gi Av‡jv‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿvi †g․wjK cybtMV‡bi welqwU Av‡jvKcvZ Kiyb|
Z_¨m~Î :
1. Avjx, †gvt iRe I Ab¨vb¨(2002), evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿv: bxwZ, †K․kj I msMVb, RvZxq cÖv_wgK
wkÿv GKv‡Wwg|
2. Avjx, †gvnv¤§` AvRnvi I †eMg †nvm‡b Aviv (2002), cÖv_wgK wkÿv cwiwPwZ, †bc, evsjv‡`k|
3. RvZxq wkÿvbxwZ 2010, wkÿv gš¿Yvjq|
4. †eMg, W. Kvgiæ‡bœmv I Ab¨vb¨ (2002), cÖv_wgK wkÿv I evsjv‡`k, †bc|
5. ingvb, Wt wmwÏKzi I Ab¨vb¨ (2000), wm Bb GW cÖwkÿYv_x©‡ì Rb¨ wkÿvbxwZ, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi|
6. AvwRR, †gv: Avãyj I Ab¨vb¨ (2000), cÖv_wgK wkÿv I AvaywbK wPšÍvaviv, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi|
23
BDwbU 3 : cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv (Pre-Primary Education) n‡”Q AvbyôvwbK wkÿvi Rb¨ GKwU cÖ¯w‧ Zg~jK ¯Íi, hv wkïi wkÿv I
weKv‡ki Rb¨ GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© DËiY ch©vq wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z| wkïi cÖviw¤¢K hZœ I weKv‡k BwmwmwWi (Early Child
Care and Development –ECCD)-Gi Ab¨Zg cÖavb I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Kg©m~wP n‡”Q cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv| wkïi Rxe‡b
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv cwievi I we`¨vjqwfwËK AvbyôvwbK wkÿvi †mZzeÜb wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
c~‡e© cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv ej‡ZÑ wkïi cÖv_wgK wkÿv Z_v AvbyôvwbK wkÿvi c~‡e© cÖvK-cÖ¯w‧ Zg~jK hveZxq wkÿv I
weKvkg~jK Kvh©µg‡K †evSv‡Zv| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`k miKvi AvbyôvwbK cÖv_wgK wkÿv ïiæi c~e©eZ©x GK eQi cÖvK-
cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Rb¨ wba©viY K‡i‡Q| cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨ n‡jvÑ wkïi wkÿv I we`¨vj‡qi cÖwZ AvMÖn m„wó,
myKzgvi e„wËi Abykxjb Ges Ab¨‡ì cÖwZ mnbkxjZv Ges cieZ©x AvbyôvwbK wkÿvi k„•Ljv‡eva m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf
Kiv| Z‡e cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv ïaygvÎ we`¨vj‡qi cÖ¯w‧ Zi Rb¨ bq eis wkïi mvivRxe‡bi wkÿvq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb
K‡i|cÖv_wgK wkÿv myôzfv‡e ev¯Íevqb Z_v wkïiv †hb AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv h_vh_fv‡e AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i †mRb¨
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg I cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv, wkÿvµg I cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg
m¤úK© we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbvi Rb¨ GB BDwbU‡K PviwU mve BDwb‡U fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb-
3.1. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv
3.2. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg
3.3. cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg
3.4. †kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv I wkLbdj
3.1 cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv

cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi cUf~wg
Avgv‡ì †`‡k cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi MZvbyMwZK aviYv A‡bK cyivZb| HwZnvwmKfv‡e †Kv‡bv iKg ¯^xK…wZ QvovB
miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjqmg~‡n ¯^Ztù~Z© I AbvbyôvwbK Ôwkï †kªwYÕ ev †QvU Iqvb M‡o I‡V| GQvov †emiKvwi ch©v‡q
†ek wKQz cÖwZôvb K‡qK `kK a‡i wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i Avm‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP‡Z (wcBwWwc-1 I wcwWBwc-2) cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi Rb¨ cÖ¯w‧ Zg~jK wkÿvi Ask wn‡m‡e
wkï †kÖwYi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi welqwU ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ ¯ vb cvq| cieZx©Kv‡j evsjv‡`‡k cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Rb¨ GKwU
cwiPvjbv KvVv‡gv 2008 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m miKvi KZ©©„K Aby‡gvw`Z nq|
evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq wkÿvbxwZ 2010, AvRxeb wkLb I mvgwMÖK e¨w³Z¡ weKv‡ki wfwË ¯ vcb Ges cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi
AvbyôvwbK wkÿvi cÖ¯w‧ Z wnmv‡e 5+ eQi eqmx wkï‡ì Rb¨ GK eQi †gqvw` cÖvK cÖv_wgK wkÿvi mycvwik K‡i‡Q| G
†cÖwÿ‡Z evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g 2010 mv‡j miKvwifv‡e AšÍe©Z©xKvjxb wkÿv Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g †`‡ki mKj miKvwi cÖv_wgK
we`¨vj‡q cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †kªwY Pvjy Kiv nq, †hLv‡b 5 †_‡K 6 eQi eqmx mKj wkï GK eQi cÖvK-cªv_wgK wkÿv MÖn‡Yi
my‡hvM cv‡”Q| GQvov †`‡k wewfbœ †emiKvwi ms¯ vi cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ev wkï †kÖwY cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q, hv wfbœ wfbœ wkÿvµ‡gi
Av‡jv‡K cwiPvwjZ n‡Z †`Lv hvq| eZ©gv‡b cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv mviv‡`‡k miKvwi I †emiKvwi we`¨vj‡q GKwU ¯^xK…Z
I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wkÿv¯Íi wn‡m‡e cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q|
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi aviYv

evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq wkÿvvbxwZ 2010 Gi Av‡jv‡K cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv ej‡ZÑAvbyôvwbK wkÿv ïiæ Kivi Av‡M wkïi
AšÍwb©wnZ Acvi we¯§q‡eva, Amxg †K․Z~nj, Avb›`‡eva I AdzišÍ D`¨‡gi g‡Zv me©Rbxb gvbweK e„wËi myôz weKvk
Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq gvbwmK I •`wnK cÖ¯w‧ Z MÖn‡Yi cwi‡ek •Zwi Kivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| wkÿvbxwZ Abyhvqx wkïi-wkÿvi
cÖwZ AvMÖn m„wó I cÖ¯w‧ Zg~jK wkÿv wn‡m‡e 5+ eQi eq¯‥ wkï‡ì Rb¨ cÖv_wgKfv‡e GK eQi †gqvw` cÖvK-cÖv_wgK
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wkÿv Pvjy Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi cwiPvjbv KvVv‡gv (2008) Abyhvqx cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv ej‡Z †evSvq-
wkïi kvixwiK, gvbwmK I mvgwRK Ae¯ v wbwe©‡k‡l Zvi myiÿv, hZœ, †eu‡P _vKv Ges †Ljvayjv, we‡bv`b Ges fvlv I
msL¨vi mv‡_ cwiwPwZi gva¨‡g we`¨vj‡qi wkÿvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‧wZ AwaKvi wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ wZb †_‡K Qq eQi eqmx
wkï‡ì †`qv weKvkMZ I wkÿvMZ mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiv|
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi wfkb, wgkb I jÿ¨

cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi `xN©‡gqvw` wfkb n‡”Q- wZb †_‡K Qq eQi eqmx mKj wkï †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv
ai‡bi cÖvK-cÖv_wgK Kg©m~wP‡Z Ask wb‡”Q Ges ¯^v¯ ¨, cywó, mvgvwRK, kvixwiK I eyw×e„wËK weKv‡ki
wfkb Kg©m~wP‡Z Zv‡ì my‡hvM i‡q‡Q Ges AvbyôvwbK wkÿvq hy³ n‡”Q|
¯^í‡gqvw` wfkb n‡”Q- cuvP †_‡K Qq eQ‡ii Kg eqmx mKj wkï‡K cÖvK-cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿvi
AvIZvq AšÍf©~³ Kiv|
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kg©m~wPi wgkb n‡”Q- evsjv‡`‡ki mKj wkïi Rb¨ wkïi cÖviw¤¢K weKv‡ki
wgkb avivevwnK MwZc‡_i g‡a¨ Kvh©Ki cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Rb¨ mKj AskxRb I †mev cÖ`vbKvix‡K
DrmvwnZ Kiv Ges Zv‡ì ZvwË¡K, aviYvMZ I cwiPvjb mnvqZv †Ìqv|
jÿ¨ Avb›`gq I wkïevÜe cwi‡e‡k cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi wkï‡ì (5+ eQi) eqm I mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx
kvixwiK, gvbwmK, Av‡ewMK, mvgvwRK, bv›`wbK, eyw×e„Ëxq I fvlve„Ëxq Z_v mvwe©K weKv‡k mnvqZv
w`‡q AvRxeb wkL‡bi wfwË iPbv Kiv Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿvi A½‡b Zv‡ì mvb›` I ¯^Ztù~Z© Awf‡lK
NUv‡bv|
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

cÖvK cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq GKwU wkï‡K mdjfv‡e we`¨vj‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ cÖ¯Z ‧ n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| Òwkïi kvixwiK,
gvbwmK, Av_©-mvgvwRK I †f․‡MvwjK Ae¯ v wbwe©‡k‡l wkï-evÜe cwi‡e‡k Avì hZœ, †¯œn-fv‡jvevmv, †Ljvayjv I
we‡bv`‡bi gva¨‡g 5+ eQi eqmx wkï‡ì cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Rb¨ cÖ¯Z ‧ KivB n‡jv cÖvK cÖv_wgK wkÿvÓ| cÖvK-cÖv_wgK
wkÿv AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e GKwU ¯^xK…Z welq| cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi mvwe©K jÿ¨ n‡”Q wkï‡ì weKvk I cÖv_wgK wkÿvq
cÖ‡e‡ki cÖ¯w‧ Z wbwðZ Kivi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì wkÿvi AwaKvi c~iY K‡i wkÿvi my‡hvMmg~n †_‡K cy‡ivcywi mydj AR©b
Ges gvbe m¤¢vebv ev¯Íevq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ e„w× I weKv‡k Zv‡ì mÿg K‡i †Zvjv| cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸iæZ¡ I
cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi wewfbœ w`K wb‡¤œ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :
1. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi cÖ¯‘wZg~jK wkÿv

wkïi cÖv_wgK wkÿvi cÖ¯‧wZi Rb¨ cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖavbZg Dcvq wn‡m‡e wPwýZ| wkïi wewfbœ welqwfwËK cvV
cÖ¯w‧ Zi cvkvcvwk wkï‡K we`¨vjqgyLx Kiv, wkÿK I mncvVx‡ì mv‡_ †gjv‡gkv, we`¨vjq fxwZ `~i Kiv Ges we`¨vjq
†Kw›`ªK wbqg-bxwZ Af¨vm PP©v Kivi Rb¨ cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L|
2. wkïi fv‡jv AvPiY MVb

wkïi fv‡jv AvPiY MV‡bi Rb¨ cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡QÑ wkïi cÖviw¤¢K eq‡m
†h AvPiY I Af¨v‡mi ga¨ w`‡q eo nq, Zv wkïi mvivRxe‡bi AvPi‡Y cÖfve †d‡j| ZvB wkïi cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv
Zvi AvPiY MV‡b †ek ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L|
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3. cwievi I we`¨vj‡qi †mZzeÜb
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv wkïi we`¨vj‡qi cÖ¯w‧ Zi cvkvcvwk cwievi I we`¨vj‡qi g‡a¨ †mZzeÜb •Zwi K‡i| GK M‡elYvq
†`Lv †M‡Q, wkï‡K we`¨vj‡qi Rb¨ cÖ¯Z
‧ (Ready for School) Ki‡Z n‡e, wkïi I we`¨vj‡qi cvkvcvwk Zvi cwievi
I mgvR‡KI cÖ¯Z ‧ K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e| A_©vr cÖvK-cÖv_wg‡Ki gva¨‡g wkï hLb cÖv_wgK wkÿvq AskMÖnY K‡i ZLb wkïi
mdjZv/Kvw•ÿZ †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ wkÿK Ges we`¨vjq †hgb KvR K‡i Zvi cvkvcvwk cwievi I mgvR‡KI GKB
m~‡Î KvR Ki‡Z nq, †h Kvi‡Y cwievi I we`¨vj‡qi g‡a¨ M‡o I‡V GKwU wbweo eÜb|
4. wkïi mvivRxe‡bi wkÿvi wfZ •Zwi

wkïi wkÿvi wfZ •Zwii Rb¨ cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv¯Íi GKwU ¯^xK…Z ¯Íi| cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv wkïi gw¯Í®‥ Muv_ywb Z_v wfZ
•Zwii Rb¨ KvR K‡i| wkïi weKv‡ki Rb¨ cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv ¯Íi n‡jv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ mgq hv wkïi cieZ©xKv‡ji
wkÿvi wfZ iPbv Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i (EFA Global Monitoring Report, 2007)| GB eq‡m wkïi gw¯Í®‥ †kLvi
Rb¨ `ªæZ KvR K‡i Ges †ewk mwµq _v‡K|
5. cÖvwZôvwbK wkÿvi (we`¨vj‡qi) wbqg-bxwZ PP©v

wkïi we`¨vj‡q gvwb‡q †bqv I wkÿvi cÖwZ BwZevPK g‡bvfve •Zwii Rb¨ cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L
(K¨v‡ivj GU Aj, 2003)| †jRvi Ges WviwjsUb (1982) civgk© w`‡q‡Qb †h, cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi AwfÁZv
wkï‡ì wbw®…q †_‡K mwµq wkÿv_©x‡Z DbœxZ K‡i| wewfbœ iKg Avb›``vqK KvR-Qov, Mvb, Mí, †Ljv, Awfbq I
wewfbœ cÖKvi †Ljbvi mvnv‡h¨ cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv †Ìqv nq e‡j wkïi Kv‡Q we`¨vjq GKwU Avb›``vqK ¯ vb wn‡m‡e
cwiMwYZ nq Ges Gi mv‡_ mv‡_ we`¨vj‡qi wbqg bxwZ †hgb- mgqg‡Zv we`¨vj‡q Avmv, wbw`©ó mg‡q Ae¯ vb Kiv,
wbqg †g‡b KvR Kivi Af¨vm¸‡jv •Zwi nq hv Zv‡K cieZ©x‡Z AvbyôvwbK wkÿv eë¯ v gvwb‡q wb‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|
6. welqwfwËK wkÿvi nvi e„w×
welqwfwËK wkÿvq fv‡jv Kivi Rb¨ cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L, we‡kl K‡i cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ wkïi
Rxe‡b cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv abvZ¥K cÖfve †d‡j| M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, †hme wkï cÖvK-cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q c‡o‡Q Zviv
cÖ_g, wØZxq I Z…Zxq †kªwY‡Z welqwfwËK wkÿvq fv‡jv dj K‡i‡Q| †hgb- fvlv wkÿv, MwYZ, mgm¨v mgvavb, mgvR
I Ab¨vb¨ welqwfwËK wkÿvq wkï‡ì fv‡jv dj Ki‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q|
7. wkÿv Rxeb‡K `xN© Kiv
we`¨vj‡qi S‡i cov †iva, we`¨vj‡q wbqwgZ Dcw¯ wZ I mwVK mg‡q we`¨vj‡qi cov †kl Kivi Rb¨ cÖvK-cÖv_wgK
wkÿvi f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| GUv we`¨vj‡qi †kl avc ch©šÍ wU‡K _vKvi m¤¢vebv e„w× K‡i|
m‡e©vcwi, M‡elYv I ev¯Íe Ae¯ vi ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, wkïi wkÿv I mvwe©K weKv‡k cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸iæZ¡
I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acixmxg|Avgv‡ì †`‡k gv-evevi wkÿvi wb¤œnvi, Awkÿv, m‡PZbvi Afve I `wi`ªZvi Kvi‡Y †ewki
fvM cwiev‡i wkïi cÖ¯w‧ Zg~jK wkÿvi my‡hvM †bB, †mLv‡b cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv A‡bK †ewk| GUv
cÖgvwYZ †h, wkïi cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Abycw¯ wZ Zvi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q S‡o cov I ¯‥zj fxwZ •Zwi K‡i Ges wkï
wb‡R‡K cov †jLvi mv‡_ gvwb‡q wb‡Z mgm¨vq c‡o| wkïi eqm I weKvk Dc‡hvMx wkÿv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖvK-
cÖv_wgK wkÿv I Dbœqb (3Ñ6 eQi) n‡jv wkïi AwaKvi| ZvB wkïi mvwe©K Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸iæZ¡ I
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ab¯^xKvh©|
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi wkLb mgq

cÖwZw`b †kªwYK‡ÿ wkLb-†kLv‡bv mgq n‡e AvovB NÈv| mvßvwnK Kvh©wèm n‡e 6w`b| †kªwYK‡ÿ cvV`v‡bi Rb¨ eQ‡i
†gvU 185 Kvh©wèm a‡i cÖvK-cªv_wgK wkÿvµg web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨ †h, wkÿvµ‡gi mdj ev¯Íevq‡b Ges wkïi
AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ GLv‡b ïay †kÖwYK‡ÿi mgq‡KB we‡ePbv Kiv nqwb eis A‡bK †ÿ‡Î wkïi
evwo‡Z KvUv‡bv mgq‡KI ev¯Íevq‡bi AvIZvq Avbv n‡q‡Q|
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cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi cÖ‡qvRbxq AvmevecÎ I wbqwgZ †÷kbvwi
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †kÖwY K‡ÿ wkï‡ì emvi Rb¨ gv`yi _vK‡Z cv‡i †hb wkï B‡”Qg‡Zv wb‡Ri Ae¯ vb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i
Ges Avivg K‡i em‡Z cv‡i| †W· Iqv‡K©i Rb¨ m¤¢e n‡j wkï‡ì emvi Dc‡hvMx wKQz †QvU †QvU †Pqvi I †Uwej
_vK‡Z cv‡i| GQvov wkï‡ì D”PZvi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L GKwU PK‡evW© Ges wkï‡ì KvR, AvuKv Qwe Ges †jLv cÖ`k©‡bi
Rb¨ wWm‡cø †evW©, †kjd, ZvK I n¨v½vi ivLv †h‡Z cv‡i|
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi wk‡ÿvcKiY

†kÖwYK‡ÿ wkï‡ì wbqwgZ eënvh© wewfbœ ai‡bi DcKiY I †Ljbv mvgMÖx _vK‡e| G¸‡jv wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi
Rb¨ LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †hgbÑ iwOb KvMR, PK, Wv÷vi, wewfbœ ai‡bi †Ljbv mvgMÖxÑAvVv, †cv÷vi, †ccvi, ej, e·,
exwP, cv_i, nvuwo-cvwZj BZ¨vw`| wkLb-†kLv‡bv mvgMÖx †h¸‡jv eënv‡ii ci wKsev bó n‡q †M‡j cwieZ©‡bi cÖ‡qvRb
c‡o †m¸‡jv wbqwgZ cwieZ©‡bi eë¯ v _vK‡e| wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi wb‡`©kbv †gvZv‡eK wewfbœ mg‡q †h ai‡bi
wkLb mvgMÖx I DcKiY ¯ vbxqfv‡e •Zwi, msMÖn, eënvi I msiÿ‡Yi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q †kÖwY chv©‡q Zv wbwðZ KivI
Riæwi|
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †kªwYi wkLb mvgMÖx

cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †kÖwY‡Z wkï‡ì wewfbœ ai‡bi KvR I †Ljvq mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM •Zwi Kiv nq, hv Zv‡ì eyw× I
weKv‡ki †ÿ‡Î mnvqZv K‡i| ZvB GB †kÖwY‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi wkLb-†kLv‡bv mvgMÖx, wkÿv DcKiY, †Ljbv I m¤ú~iK
cVb mvgMÖxi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q| cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ cvV¨cy¯ÍK, wkÿK mnvwqKv, cwic~iK wkLb
mvgMÖx, wewfbœ ai‡bi †LjbvmvgMÖx I IqvK© eyK BZ¨vwì mv‡_ cwiwPZ nIqv ìKvi| cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †kÖwY‡Z wkLb-
†kLv‡bv cÖwµqv ïay †jLvcovi gv‡SB mxgve× bq, eis GLv‡b wkï‡ì bvbv ai‡bi †Ljv I Kv‡R m¤ú„³ Kiv nq, hv
Zvi weKvk I wkL‡bi wfwË iPbvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L|
wkLb DcKiY I Gi aib

wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvq h_vh_ wkÿv DcKiY eënvi AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU welq| wkïiv bvbvfv‡e †k‡L|
wkL‡b DcKiY eënvi wkïi wkLb‡K `xN©¯v  qx K‡i| †h mg¯Í DcKiYvw` I mvgMÖx Avgv‡ì wkL‡b mivmwi ev
c‡ivÿvfv‡e mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K Zv‡K Avgiv wkLb DcKiY e‡j _vwK| cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i wkïiv wewfbœ †Ljv I Kv‡Ri
gva¨‡g †k‡L †ewk|
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †kÖwY‡Z mvaviYZ wZb ai‡bi wkLb DcKi‡Yi eënvi Kiv DwPZ| †hgb-
1. gyw`ªZ DcKiY I cVb mvgMÖx : IqvK© eyK (cÖvBgvwi), wkÿK mnvwqKv, cÖwkÿY PvU©, KvW© BZ¨vw`&
2. †Ljbv DcKiY (ej, †Ljbv cyZzj BZ¨vw`)
3. AwWI-wfRy¨qvj mvgMÖx (Qov Mv‡bi K¨v‡mU, wfwWI †iKW©vi BZ¨vw`)
1. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †kÖwYi gyw`ªZ DcKiY I cVb mvgMÖx

cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †kÖwY‡Z †h mg¯Í gyw`ªZ DcKiY I cVb mvgMÖx _vK‡e, Zv n‡e wkï‡Zvl I wkï‡Kw›`ªK, AvKl©Yxq I wkïi
Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx| G mg¯Í DcKiY wkï‡ì †gav, gbb I mvg_¨© we‡ePbv K‡i Dbœqb Ki‡Z n‡e| Gme DcKi‡Yi g‡a¨
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv-
K. IqvK© eyK (Avgvi eB) : wkïi Rb¨ GKwU eB ïay Zvi cvV¨welq bq eis GUv Zvi m¤ú` I Avb‡›ì
mvgMÖx| iwOb I AvK©lYxq Qwe msewjZ eBwU h‡_vchy³ eënvi wbwðZ Kiv Riæwi| wkï‡K mnR I
AvK©lYxq Dcv‡q eB‡qi cÖwZwU cvV AvqË Kiv‡bvi cvkvcvwk wkï‡K Avb›` †Ìqvi welqwU wkÿ‡Ki
we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e| wkïi gvbwmKZv ey‡S †h․w³K I AvKl©Yxqfv‡e eBwU eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
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L. wkÿK mnvwqKv : wkÿK mnvwqKv n‡jv wkLb-‡kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi GKwU Avek¨Kxq I
¸iæZ¡c~Y© mvgMªx| wkÿK mnvwqKv n‡jv wkÿ‡Ki cÖavb DcKiY, hv wZwb AbymiY K‡i cwiKwíZ cvV
Dc¯ vc‡bi KvRmg~n m¤úv`b Ki‡eb| wkÿK mnvwqKv †kÖwYi wewfbœ Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Kjv-†K․kj
AZ¨šÍ cÖvÄj fvlvq wkÿ‡Ki Rb¨ eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKRb `ÿ wkÿK me©`v wkÿK mnvwqKv I Zvi
wbR¯^ wPšÍvfvebv AbymiY K‡i cvV m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡Kb|
M. ¯îeY© I e¨Äbe‡Y©i PvU© : wkïi Rb¨ GKwU ¯îeY© I GKwU e¨Äbe‡Y©i PvU© _vK‡e, hvi mvnv‡h¨
wkÿK wkï‡ì Qwei gva¨‡g eY©gvjvi mv‡_ cwiwPZ Kiv‡eb|
N. PvU© I KvW© : wkï‡ì wd¬c PvU© I wewfbœ Qwei KvW© _vK‡e, hv w`‡q wkïiv wewfbœ ai‡bi wRwb‡mi mv‡_
cwiwPZ n‡e| Gme DcKiY †_‡K wkïiv welqwfwËK bvbv ai‡bi welqe¯‧i mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡e| †hgbÑ
Lvevi, evwoi wRwbmcÎ, dj, dzj G iKg bvbv ai‡bi wRwb‡mi mv‡_ cwiwPZ nIqvi my‡hvM cv‡e|
2. †Ljbv mvgMÖx
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvq wkïiv †Ljvi gva¨‡g †k‡L| Avi wkïi †Ljvi Rb¨ †kÖwY‡Z bvb ai‡bi †Ljbv _vK‡e, hv w`‡q
wkïiv wewfbœfv‡e †Lj‡e| Zviv †Ljv I wewfbœ DcKiY †b‡o †P‡o Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g †ewk †k‡L| Av‡iv †`Lv hvq, wkÿv
DcKi‡Yi h_vh_ I myôz eënvi wkïi wkLbdj AR©b‡K mnR, AvKl©Yxq I Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i †Zv‡j|
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î †Ljv I †Ljbvi Rb¨ †h mg¯Í DcKiY _vK‡e Zv (bgybv) mvaviYZ wb¤œiƒc:
Kv‡Vi e·, †Ljbv nvuwo-cvwZj †mU, cyZzj, ej, KvwV, cv_‡ii UzK‡iv, wewfbœ ai‡bi exwP, †Ljbv Mvwoi †mU, †Uwj‡dvb
†mU, Qwei KvW©, †Wvwg‡bv KvW©, RxeRš‧i †mU, dj I mewRi †mU, is †cwÝj, KvM‡Ri UzK‡iv, †µv‡qb, Zzwj, e‡Y©i
KvW©, †mvjv, KvwV, Kv`vgvwU, UzK‡iv Kvco, cv‡Rj †mU, Qwei KvW©, W±i †mU, Avqbv, wPiæwb, AvmevecÎ Ges evwo‡Z
eëüZ wewfbœ ai‡bi Wvwg wRwbmcÎ|
3. AwWI wfRyqvj mvgMÖx

AvawbK hy‡M wkï wkÿvq AwWI wfRyqvj mvgMÖxi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi K_v A¯^xKvi Kiv hvq bv| wkïiv e¨vcKfv‡e wUwf I
Ab¨vb¨ AwWI-wfRy¨qvj mvgMÖxi Øviv cÖfvweZ nq| †kÖwYK‡ÿ G ai‡bi DcKiY eënvi Zv‡ì wkL‡bi gvÎv‡K
Z¡ivwš^Z Ki‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ Avgv‡ì wkï‡ì weKv‡ki Dc‡hvMx bvbv ai‡bi AwWI wfRy¨qvj mvgMÖxi eënvi Ki‡Z
n‡e|
m‡ev©cwi ejv hvq, wewfbœ iKg †Ljbv mvgMÖx I wkLb DcKiY n‡jv wkï wkÿvi cÖvY¯îƒc| wkï wkÿvi me© ch©v‡q
wewfbœ ai‡bi DcKi‡Yi mgvnvi Avek¨Kxq| wkï g‡bi bv›`wbK weKv‡k †Ljv I †Ljbvi ¸iæZ¡ A‡bK †ewk| wkÿ‡Ki
mnvqK DcKiY I wkï‡ì Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi wkLb mvgMÖxi eënvi mvwe©K wkLb‡K AvKl©Yxq I mg„× K‡i †Zv‡j|
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †kÖwY‡Z wkLb-†kLv‡bv cÖwµqv ïay †jLvcovi g‡a¨B mxgve× bq, eis GLv‡b wkï‡ì bvbv ai‡bi †Ljv
I Kv‡R m¤ú„³ Kiv nq, hv weKvk I wkL‡bi wfwË iPbvq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L|
(Z_¨m~Î : cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg-2011)
28
3.2 cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbvi cÖvi‡¤¢ Avgv‡ì Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb- wkÿvµg Kx?
 wkÿvµg (Curriculum)
wkÿvµg kãwU wkÿvwe`MY bvbv A‡_© eënvi K‡i _v‡Kb| wkÿvwe`MY wewfbœ Rb wkÿvµ‡gi wewfbœ ai‡bi msÁv
w`‡q‡Qb d‡j Gi mywbw`©ó GKK †Kv‡bv msÁv cÖ`vb Kiv KwVb| wKQzmsL¨K wkÿvwe` wkÿvµg‡K wkLb cwiKíbv
wn‡m‡e msÁvwqZ K‡i‡Qb| æA Curriculum is a plan for learning” (Taba, 1962)
cÖvU (1980) wkÿvµg‡K Gfv‡e msÁvwqZ K‡ib †hÑ ÒGwU GKwU wjwLZ bw_(written document) hv
wbqgZvwš¿Kfv‡e wkÿvi cwiKwíZ jÿ¨, D‡Ïk¨, welqe¯‧, wkLb Kvh©µg, g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv BZ¨vw` eY©bv K‡iÓ|
`yRb wewkó wkÿvwe` gvk© I ÷v‡dvW©ÔcwiKíbvÕ I ÔAwfÁZvÕG aviYv `ywU‡K mgwš^Z K‡i wkÿvµ‡gi msÁv iPbv
K‡ib (1988)-Curriculum is an interrelated set of plans and experiences which a student completes
under the guidence of the school” hv wb¤œiƒc wP‡Îi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb-
cwiKíbv AwfÁZv
wk¶v_©x
we`¨vjq
AvaywbK wkÿvµ‡gi cwiwa A‡bK e¨vcK| †Kej cVbxq wel‡qi g‡a¨ wkÿvµg‡K mxgve× Kiv hvq bv| wkÿvµ‡gi
wewfbœ msÁv we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †hÑ wkÿvµg ej‡Z kyay cvV¨m~wP‡K †evSvq bv| g~jZ Òwkÿvµg n‡jv †Kv‡bv
we‡kl ¯Í‡ii wkÿv m¤úwK©Z Kvh©µg I AwfÁZvi c~Y©v½ `wjj, hv †Kv‡bv `vwqZ¡kxj msMVb KZ…K
© M„nxZ I cwiPvwjZ
nqÓ| wkÿvi me wKQz wkÿvµg‡K †K›`ª K‡iB AvewZ©Z nq| G †cÖwÿ‡Z wkÿvwe`MY AviI my¯úófv‡e e‡j‡Qb-
Curriculum is the package of-
 Why to teach? Objective or learning outcomes or competency
 What to teach? Subjcet & Subject nature
 Whom to teach? Student
 Who to teach? Teacher
 What will be teaching applied? Teaching attractiveness
 How to teach? Method or technique
 How long to teach? Duration
 How to evaluate? Assessment
29
wkÿvµg wkÿvi †h †Kv‡bv ¯Íi ev welq ev Kvh©µ‡gi n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv¯Íi, cÖv_wgK wkÿv¯Íi,
gva¨wgK wkÿv¯Íi, D”P wkÿv¯Íi BZ¨vw`| wkÿvµ‡g-Kv‡ì Rb¨ wkÿv, wkÿvi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ Kx, wkÿv_x©iv Kx Kx
†hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡e, KZ w`b G Kvh©µg Pj‡e, †Kvb& †Kvb& wel‡q, KZ mgq a‡i, Kxfv‡e Kviv wkL‡e, Kx Kx wkLb
mvgMÖx eënvi Kiv n‡e, wkÿv cÖwµqvq wkÿv_©xiv Kxfv‡e AskMÖnY Ki‡e, wkÿv_©x‡ì AR©b Kxfv‡e g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡e
Gme wKQzi weeiY wkÿvµ‡g _vK‡e|
wkÿvµ‡gi Dcv`vb
wkÿvµ‡gi wewfbœ msÁv we‡kølY Ki‡j PviwU g~j Dcv`vb cvIqv hvq| h_v : D‡Ïk¨, welqe¯‧, c×wZ I g~j¨vqb| GB
Dcv`vb¸‡jv cvi¯úwiK m¤úK©hy³, G‡K Ac‡ii Ici wbf©ikxj I cwic~iK| GKwU Dcv`vb cwieZ©b Ki‡j Ab¨wUi
Dci cÖfve c‡o|
Dcv`vb¸‡jvi cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© wP‡Î †`Lv‡bv n‡jv: (Nicholls and Nicholls, 1988) :
D‡Ïk¨
c×wZ welqe¯‧
g~j¨vqb
wkÿvµg cÖY‡qi KZK¸‡jv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© avc i‡q‡Q, hv wb¤œiƒc:

 wkÿvi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY
 wkÿvi KvVv‡gv wba©viY
 cvV¨welq I welqe¯‧ wba©viY
 cvV¨m~wP wba©viY
 wkLbdj wba©viY
 wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj wba©viY
 DcKiY wba©viY
 g~j¨vqb †K․kj wba©viY
 cwiKwíZ KvR wba©viY
Ic‡i ewY©Z avç‡jvi Dbœq‡bi ga¨ w`‡q wkÿvµ‡gi Dbœqb mvab Kiv nq| G avç‡jvi GKwU Kvh©µg‡K wfwË K‡i
Ab¨wUi Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq|
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg n‡jv- cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv ev¯Íevq‡bi GKwU c~Y©v½ I w`K wb‡`©kbvg~jK iƒc‡iLv| wkÿvµg
ev¯Íevq‡bi g~j `vwqZ¡ wkÿ‡Ki| RvZxq wkÿvbxwZi wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg n‡”Q-
- wkÿv I we`¨vj‡qi cÖwZ wkïi AvMÖn m„wóg~jK Ges myKzgvi e„wËi Abykxjb|
-Ab¨‡ì cÖwZ mnbkxjZv Ges cieZ©x AvbyôvwbK wkÿvi Rb¨ k„•Ljv‡eva m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf|
30
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡g †hme welqe¯‘ AšÍf³
y© Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv:
- cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨|
-wkÿvµg cÖYq‡bi g~jbxwZ|
- g~j¨‡eva I •bwZKZv|
-wkïi weKvk I wkL‡bi •ewkó¨|
- weKv‡ki †ÿÎ I wkLb‡ÿÎ|
-wkÿvµg g¨vwUª·|
-wkLb - †kLv‡bv cÖwµqv|
- wkLb †kLv‡bv mvgMÖx|
-wk‡ÿvcKiY, †Ljbv I m¤ú~iK mvgMÖx Dbœq‡bi wb‡`©kbv|
- g~j¨vqb wb‡`©kbv|
- wkÿvµg ev¯Íevq‡bi †K․kj welqK wb‡`©kbv|
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡gi cÖwZwU welqe¯‧ m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì mg¨K aviYv _vKv Avek¨K|G †cÖwÿ‡Z BDwbU 3.1 G wkLb
†kLv‡bv mvgMÖx I wkLb DcKiY Ges m¤ú~iK mvgMÖx m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨

Avb›`gq I wkïevÜe cwi‡e‡k cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi eqmx wkï‡ì (5+eQi) eqm I mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx kvixwiK, gvbwmK,
Av‡ewMK, mvgvwRK, bv›`wbK, eyw×e„Ëxq I fvlve„Ëxq Z_v mvwe©K weKv‡k mnvqZv w`‡q AvRxeb wkL‡bi wfwË iPbv Kiv
Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿvi A½‡b Zv‡ì mvb›` I ¯^Ztù~Z© Awf‡lK NUv‡bv|
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi D‡Ïk¨

1. Avb›`gq I wkïevÜe cwi‡e‡k wewfbœ †Ljv I Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g wkïi mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv|
2. †kLvi cÖwZ BwZevPK g‡bvfve m„wó Kiv|
3. wkïi †m․›`h©, bv›`wbKZv‡eva I myKzgvie„wË weKv‡k mnvqZv Kiv|
4. wkï‡K cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK I cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb Kiv|
5. wbR¯^ mvs¯‥…wZK AvPvi, K…wó, gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv I HwZ‡nï m‡½ cwiP‡qi cvkvcvwk Gi PP©vq DrmvwnZ Kiv|
6. •bwZKZv, g~j¨‡eva I mvgvwRK ixwZbxwZ weKv‡k mnvqZv Kiv|
7. wkïi ¯ j ~ I m~² †cwk Z_v Pjbkw³ weKv‡k mnvqZv Kiv|
8. ¯^v¯ ¨ m‡PZbZv I wbivcËv weav‡b mnvqZv Kiv|
9. wkïi fvlv I †hvMv‡hvM `ÿZv weKv‡k mnvqZv Kiv|
10. cÖviw¤¢K MvwYwZK aviYv, †h․w³K wPšÍv I mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †hvM¨Zv AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv|
11. cwi‡e‡ki wbZ¨‣bwgwËK NUbv ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g KviY I djvdj m¤úK© Abyave‡b mnvqZv Kiv|
12. wkïi ¯^Ztù~Z© Kíbv, m„RbkxjZv I D™¢vebx kw³ weKv‡k mnvqZv Kiv|
13. wkïi AvZ¥wek¦vm I AvZ¥gh©v`v weKv‡k mnvqZv Kiv Ges wb‡Ri KvR wb‡R Ki‡Z DØy× Kiv|
14. Av‡eM eyS‡Z cviv I Zvi h_vh_ cÖKv‡k mnvqZv Kiv|
15. wkï‡K cvi¯úvwiK mg‡SvZv, mn‡hvwMZv, mngwg©Zv I fvMvfvwM Ki‡Z mnvqZv I DØy× Kiv|
16. wkï‡K cÖkœ Ki‡Z AvMÖnx K‡i †Zvjv I gZvgZ cÖKv‡k DrmvwnZ Kiv|
17. wkï‡K weÁvbgb¯‥ K‡i M‡o †Zvjv|
(Drm : cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg 2011| )
31
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg cÖYq‡bi g~jbxwZmg~n
wkï‡K cwic~Y© ey‡S Ges Zvi •ewkó¨mg~‡ni cÖwZ h_vh_ ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i mgwš^Zfv‡e cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kvh©µg
ev¯Íevqb I •`bw›`b wkLb- †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡g wKQz bxwZgvjv †ek
¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q hv GB wkÿvµ‡gi g~jgš¿ wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Q| bxwZgvjvmg~n wb¤œiƒc :
1. wkï‡Kw›`ªKZv (Child centerdness)

cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi GKwU Ab¨Zg g~jbxwZ n‡jv wkï‡K †evSv, Zvi ÿgZvq Av¯ v ivLv Ges Zvi ¯^fve, e¨w³Z¡ I
gZvg‡Zi cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©b Kiv| wkïi cÖwZwU KvR n‡e wkï‡K †K›`ª K‡i hv Zvi cwievi, AwfÁZv, mvg_©¨ I Zvi
Pvicv‡ki wbKU RMr‡K wN‡i iwPZ n‡e| wkïi Pvwn`v, cQ›` I mvg_©¨‡K we‡ePbvq †i‡LB Zvi Rb¨ Kvh©µg wba©viY
Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. cwiev‡ii m¤ú„³Zv (Family involvement)
wkïi weKv‡k cwievi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wbqvgK Ges cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvq wkïi mvd‡jï Rb¨ cwiev‡ii m¤ú„³Zv AZ¨šÍ
Riæwi| cvwievwiK †cªÿvcU I cwi‡ek h_vh_fv‡e wkïi M‡o IVvi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †ÿÎ| gvZv-wcZv n‡jb GKvav‡i
wkïi cÖ_g wkÿK Ges wkïi cwic~Y© weKvk mva‡b we`¨vj‡qi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© AskxRb|
3. m¤úK© (Relationship)
wkïi weKvk I wkLb eû¸‡Y †e‡o hvq hw` Zvi m‡½ Ab¨ wkïi, wkÿ‡Ki wKsev eo‡ì mym¤úK© M‡o I‡V| Avevi
hLb cwiev‡ii m`m¨ wKsev mgv‡Ri cÖwZwbwa‡ì m‡½ wkÿ‡Ki m¤úK© M‡o I‡V ZLb mvwe©Kfv‡e GKwU cÖvK-cÖv_wgK
wkÿv D‡`¨v‡Mi gvbI †e‡o hvq A‡bKvs‡‡k| m¤úK© cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯ vq AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb|
4. mwµq wkLb (Children as active learner)
wkïiv mnRvZfv‡eB Rb¥ †_‡K AbvbyôvwbKfv‡e †k‡L| Rb¥ †_‡K cÖwZwbqZ †h AwfÁZv I cwieZ©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q wkï
eo nq, †mLv‡b Zvi mwµq mnRvZ AskMÖnYB Zvi wkL‡bi g~jwfwË| wkïi cÖ_g Pvwn`v n‡”Q mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi
my‡hvM _vKv| wkï wb‡RB Zvi weKv‡k GKRb mwµq wkÿv_©x|
5. cwi‡ek (Environment)
cwi‡ek wkïi weKvk I wkLb‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i| wkïi e„w×, weKvk I wkLb cÖavbZ Zvi wbKU cwievi, we`¨vjq Ges
cvwicvwk¦©K cwi‡ek Øviv cÖfvweZ nq| wkïi cwi‡e‡ki cÖwZ m‡PZbZv •Zwi Kiv †ek Riæwi| ZvB wkïi cwic~Y©
weKv‡k cwievi, mgvR I we`¨vj‡qi mgwš^Z I mw¤§wjZ cª‡Póv Acwinvh© |
6. ¯‥zj- mwµq mvgvwRK cÖwZôvb (School as responsive social institute)
we`¨vjq e„nËi mgv‡RiB GKwU ÿz`ª ms¯‥iY Ges GwU cwievi I mgv‡Ri †mZz eÜb wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| cÖvK-cÖv_wgK
wkÿv cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î we`¨vjq‡K Ggb wKQz wel‡q ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nq, hv wkïi Rvbvi AvMÖ‡n DÏxcbv w`‡Z, bZzb
cwi‡e‡ki m‡½ Lvc LvIqv‡Z I kvixwiK, gvbwmK, eyw×e„wËK, •bwZK I bv›`wbK weKvk Z_v mvwe©K weKvk wbwðZ
Ki‡Z AZ¨šÍ Riæwi|
7. GKxf~ZZv (Inclusiveness)
GKxf~ZZv gv‡b wfbœZv‡K m¤§vb K‡i Ges †g‡b wb‡q mKj wkïi AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM I mdjZvi K_v wPšÍv K‡i h_vh_
D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv|
8. †`kxq ms¯‥…wZ, K…wó I HwZn¨ wbf©i wkLb (Learning through local culture and heritage)
wkï‡ì wkLb n‡e Zvi wbR¯^ ms¯‥…wZ, K…wó I HwZn¨ wbf©i| AvZ¥m¤§vb I AvZ¥gh©v`v‡eva RvMÖZ Kivi Rb¨ wkï‡ì
wbR¯^ ms¯‥…wZ, K…wó I HwZ‡nï m‡½ cwiPq Kwi‡q wb‡Ri ¯^KxqZv m¤ú‡K© AvZ¥wek¦vmx K‡i M‡o †Zvjv Riæwi|
cvkvcvwk A‡bï ms¯‥…wZ I K…wó‡K m¤§vb Kivi Af¨vm M‡o †ZvjvI ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
32
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡g g~j¨‡eva I •bwZKZv :
†gav, gbb, Kg©ÿgZvq mg„× RvwZ MV‡b g~j¨‡eva I •bwZKZvi f~wgKv Acwimxg| g~j¨‡eva n‡jvÑ †Kv‡bv wel‡qi
Ici e¨w³i wfZi Mfxifv‡e Rb¥ †bIqv wek^vm hv e¨w³‡K mswkøó wel‡q h_vh_ AvPi‡Y DØy× K‡i| hyw³ I Av‡eM
DfqB g~j¨‡ev‡ai Dcv`vb|
g~j¨‡eva I •bwZKZv weKv‡ki Dchy³ mgq •kkeKvj| R‡b¥i ci wkïi eûgyLx weKvk msNwUZ nq| g~j¨‡eva, wkïi
fv‡jv-g›`, my›ì-Amy›ì, b¨vq-Ab¨vq m¤ú‡K© wek^v‡mi wfwË cÖ¯‧wZ‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| Kv‡RB •kke †_‡K wkïi g‡a¨
•bwZKZv‡eva RvMÖZ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| wkïi hvwcZ Rxe‡bi AwfÁZv Zvi •bwZKZv weKv‡ki mnvqK| wkïi g~j¨‡eva I
•bwZKZv weKv‡k cwievi Ges we`¨vj‡qi f~wgKvi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| wkÿvµ‡g g~j¨‡eva I •bwZKZv‡K
welqwfwËKfv‡e bv †`‡L wkL‡bi cy‡iv cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g †KvgjgwZ wkï‡ì †hb G †eva RvMÖZ Kiv hvq Zv wbwðZ Kiv
Riæwi|
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡g g~j¨‡eva I •bwZKZv weKv‡ki †h w`K¸‡jvi Ici ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv- gyw³hy‡×i
†PZbv, †`k‡cÖg, mvg¨, ggZv, kÖ×v‡eva, AvZ¥wbf©ikxjZv, åvZ…Z‡¡ eva, mZZv, wkóvPvi, ag©xq g~j¨‡eva, cvi¯úvwiK
mg‡SvZv I mn‡hvwMZv, mngwg©Zv, `vwqZ¡kxjZv I k„•Ljv‡eva| cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi gva¨‡g AwR©Ze¨ g~j¨‡eva I
•bwZKZvi wfwË wkïi cieZ©x Rxebv`k© •Zwi‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e|
weKv‡ki †ÿÎ I wkLb †ÿÎ
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡gi iƒc‡iLv Ges G msµvšÍ bxwZ wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx Avek¨Kxqfv‡e Early Learning and
Development Standards (ELDS) ev cÖviw¤¢K wkLb I weKv‡ki cÖwgZgv‡bi Ici wfwË K‡i GB wkÿvµgwU Dbœqb
Kiv n‡q‡Q| ELDS n‡”Q evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖÿvc‡U 0 †_‡K 8 eQi eqmx wkï‡ì Rb¨ Zvi eq‡mi wewfbœ av‡c weKv‡ki
AR©b‡hvM¨ Ávb, AvPiY I `ÿZvi gvBjdjK hv GKwU wbweo cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g `xN© cÖvq `yB eQi a‡i Dbœqb Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
ELDS G wkïi mvwe©K weKvk‡K 4wU Domain ev †ÿ‡Î fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg cÖYq‡bi †ÿ‡Î
wkÿvµ‡gi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx GB 4wU weKv‡ki †ÿÎ‡K 8wU Learning Area ev wkLb †ÿ‡Î wefvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| g~jZ
ELDS Gi †ÿÎ, Dc‡ÿÎ Ges we‡kl welqmg~n‡K wewfbœ fv‡e †kÖwYKiY K‡i wkÿvµ‡gi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx wkLb
†ÿÎmg~n wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wkLb †ÿÎ †_‡K AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv I AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv †_‡K wkLbdj wba©viY Kivi †ÿ‡Î ELDS G
ewY©Z †hvM¨Zvmg~n we‡ePbvi cvkvcvwk AvšÍRv© wZK wkÿvµg, M‡elYv I `wjj ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cieZ©x‡Z
cÖwZwU wkLbd‡ji Rb¨ wkLb-†kLv‡bv †K․kj ev cwiKwíZ KvR wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| ELDS G ewY©Z weKv‡ki †ÿÎ
Ges wkÿvµ‡gi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ wkLb †ÿÎmg~n wb¤œiƒc:
ELDS G weKv‡ki †ÿÎ wkÿvµ‡gi Rb¨ wkLb †ÿÎ

1. kvixwiK I PjbÿgZvi weKvk| 1. kvixwiK I Pjb ÿgZv|
2. mvgvwRK I Av‡ewMK `ÿZvi weKvk| 2. mvgvwRK I Av‡ewMK|
3. fvlv I †hvMv‡hvM `ÿZvi weKvk| 3. fvlv I †hvMv‡hvM|
4. eyw×e„wËK weKvk| 4. cÖviw¤¢K MwYZ|
5. m„RbkxjZv I bv›`wbKZv|
6. cwi‡ek|
7. weÁvb I cÖhyw³|
8. ¯^v¯ ¨ I wbivcËv|
33
weKv‡ki †ÿÎ I wkLb †ÿÎ
D‡jøL¨, Dc‡iv³ cÖwZwU wkLb †ÿ‡Îi Rb¨ GKvwaK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx
†hvM¨Zvi wecix‡Z GKvwaK wkLbdj I wkLb-†kLv‡bv †K․kj ev cwiKwíZ KvR wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKwU cwiKwíZ
Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g GKvwaK wkLbdj AwR©Z n‡Z cv‡i| Avevi GKwU wkLbdj GKvwaK cwiKwíZ Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g AwR©Z
n‡Z cv‡i| wb‡gœ AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv I wkLbd‡ji QKwU mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡jv:
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg g¨vwUª· :

cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg g¨vwUª‡· 8wU wkLb †ÿ‡Îi cÖwZwU wkLb †ÿÎ‡K GKvwaK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv Ges cÖwZwU
AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv‡K †f‡O GKvwaK wkLbdj wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU wkLbd‡ji wecix‡Z wkLb †kLv‡bv
†K․kj/cwiKwíZ KvR wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU wkLbdj I wkLb †kLv‡bv †K․k‡ji wecix‡Z wkLb †kLv‡bv mvgMÖx
Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wb‡`©kbv D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Z‡e GLv‡b bgybv¯îƒc GKwU wkLb †ÿÎ‡K (cÖviw¤¢K MwYZ) Kxfv‡e GKvwaK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv Ges GKwU AR©b
Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv‡K Kxfv‡e GKvwaK wkLbd‡j wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv| we¯ÍvwiZ wkÿvµg g¨vwUª· Rvbvi
Rb¨ ÔcÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµgÕ Gi mnvqZv †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i|
AR©b
wkLb †kLv‡bv †K․kj/ wkLb †kLv‡bv mvgMÖx
wkLb †ÿÎ Dc‡hvMx wkLbdj
cwiKwíZ KvR Dbœq‡bi wb‡`©kbv
†hvM¨Zv
4. cÖviw¤¢K 4.1 cÖvK- 4.1.1 Wvb-evg, †QvU-eo, Kg- DcKi‡Yi gva¨‡g wkÿK mnvwqKv: wb‡`©kbv
MwYZ MvwYwZK †ewk, j¤^v-Lv‡Uv, †gvUv-wPKb, GKK, †Rvovq I (ev¯Íe D`vniY/DcKiY
aviYv AR©b fvix-nvjKv wPwýZ Ki‡Z `jMZfv‡e †Ljv I eënvi K‡i) IqvK© eyK
Kiv cvi‡e| KvR
4.1.2 evwni-wfZi, Dci-wbP, DcKi‡Yi gva¨‡g wkÿK mnvwqKv: wb‡`©kbv
mvg‡b-wcQ‡b, DuPz-wbPz, Kv‡Q- GKK, †Rvovq I (ev¯Íe D`vniY/DcKiY
`~‡i wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e| `jMZfv‡e †Ljv I eënvi K‡i) IqvK© eyK
KvR
34
AR©b
†hvM¨Zv
4.1.3 wewfbœ AvKvi-AvK…wZ IqvK© kxU, eøK/g‡Wj, wkÿK mnvwqKv: wb‡`©kbv
(eo, †QvU, gvSvwi) †QvU †_‡K KvW© BZ¨vw` (ev¯Íe D`vniY/DcKiY
eo ev eo †_‡K †QvU mvRv‡Z DcKi‡Yi gva¨‡g eënvi K‡i) IqvK© eyK,
cvi‡e| GKK, †Rvovq I wewfbœ iO I AvKvi-
`jMZfv‡e †Ljv I AvK…wZi eøK, KvW© Ges
KvR Ab¨vb¨ †Ljvi DcKiY
4.1.4 iO, AvKvi-AvK…wZ DcKi‡Yi gva¨‡g wkÿK mnvwqKv: wb‡`©kbv
(†Mvj, wZb‡Kvbv, Pvi‡Kvbv) GKK, †Rvovq I (ev¯Íe D`vniY/DcKiY
Abyhvqx wewfbœ e¯‧ †kÖwYKiY `jMZfv‡e †Ljv I eënvi K‡i) IqvK© eyK,
Ki‡Z cvi‡e| KvR wewfbœ iO I AvKvi-
AvK…wZi eøK, KvW© Ges
Ab¨vb¨ †Ljvi DcKiY
4.1.5 ev¯Íe DcKiY eënvi DcKi‡Yi gva¨‡g wkÿK mnvwqKv: wb‡`©kbv
K‡i Abygvb I cwigvc Ki‡Z GKK, †Rvovq I (ev¯Íe D`vniY/DcKiY
cvi‡e| `jMZfv‡e †Ljv I eënvi K‡i) cvÎ
KvR
4.1.6 ev¯Íe DcKiY eënvi DcKi‡Yi gva¨‡g wkÿK mnvwqKv: wb‡`©kbv
K‡i eÈb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| GKK, †Rvovq I (ev¯Íe D`vniY/DcKiY
`jMZfv‡e †Ljv I eënvi K‡i) IqvK© eyK
KvR
4.2 msL¨vi 4.2.1 Ô1-20Õ ch©šÍ ev¯Íe DcKi‡Yi gva¨‡g wkÿK mnvwqKv: wb‡`©kbv
aviYv AR©b DcKiY MYbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| GKK, †Rvovq I ev¯Íe DcKiY (wewfbœ
Kiv `jMZfv‡e †Ljv I cÖKvi wewP, bywo cv_i,
KvR km¨`vbv BZ¨vw`)
4.2.2 Ô1-20Õ ch©šÍ Qwe †`‡L eB, IqvK©kxU, PvU©, wkÿK mnvwqKv: wb‡`©kbv
MYbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †Ljv (†Ljv) IqvK© eyK,
Aa©ev¯Íe DcKiY, PvU©,
msL¨vi Qov
4.2.3 Ô1-20Õ ch©šÍ msL¨v eB, IqvK©kxU, PvU©, wkÿK mnvwqKv: wb‡`©kbv
MYbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e (†QvU †Ljv (msL¨vi `j (†Ljv) IqvK© eyK, PvU©
†_‡K eo, eo †_‡K †QvU)| evbv‡bvi †Ljv, †÷c
†Ljv)
4.2.4 Ô1-9Õ ch©šÍ msL¨v cÖZxK msL¨vi KvW©, eB, wkÿK mnvwqKv: wb‡`©kbv
wPb‡Z I ej‡Z cvi‡e| wgjKiY †Ljv (†Ljv) IqvK© eyK, PvU©,
msL¨v KvW©
4.2.5 Ô1-9Õ ch©šÍ †h‡Kv‡bv ev¯Íe DcKiY, msL¨vi wkÿK mnvwqKv: wb‡`©kbv
msL¨K ev¯Íe DcKi‡Yi m‡½ KvW©, eB, wgjKiY (†Ljv) IqvK© eyK, PvU©,
Zvi msL¨v cÖZxK wgjv‡Z †Ljv msL¨v KvW©
cvi‡e|
35
AR©b
†hvM¨Zv
4.2.6 Ô1-9Õ ch©šÍ †h †Kv‡bv wPÎ, PvU©, msL¨vi KvW©, wkÿK mnvwqKv: wb‡`©kbv
msL¨K Aa©ev¯Íe DcKi‡Yi eB wgjKiY †Ljv (†Ljv) IqvK© eyK, PvU©,
(Qwei) m‡½ Zvi msL¨v cÖZxK msL¨v KvW©
wgjv‡Z cvi‡e|
4.2.7 k~‡bï mnR aviYv w`‡Z ev¯Íe DcKiY, Qwe, wkÿK mnvwqKv: wb‡`©kbv
cvi‡e I cÖZxK wPb‡Z I ej‡Z Pv‡U©i mvnv‡h¨ †Ljv (†Ljv) IqvK© eyK, PvU©,
cvi‡e| msL¨v KvW©
4.2.8 Ô10-20Õ ch©šÍ msL¨v msL¨vi KvW©, eB, wkÿK mnvwqKv: wb‡`©kbv
wPb‡Z I ej‡Z cvi‡e| wgjKiY †Ljv (†Ljv) IqvK© eyK, PvU©,
msL¨v KvW©
4.2.9 Ô10-20Õ ch©šÍ †h ev¯Íe DcKiY, msL¨v wkÿK mnvwqKv: wb‡`©kbv
†Kv‡bv msL¨K ev¯Íe DcKi‡Yi KvW©, eB, wgjKiY (†Ljv) IqvK© eyK, PvU©,
m‡½ Zvi msL¨v wgjv‡Z cvi‡e| †Ljv msL¨v KvW©
4.2.10 Ô10-20Õ ch©šÍ †h wPÎ, PvU©, msL¨vi KvW©, wkÿK mnvwqKv: wb‡`©kbv
†Kv‡bv msL¨K Aa©ev¯Íe eB, wgjKiY †Ljv (‡Ljv) IqvK© eyK, PvU©,
DcKi‡Yi (Qwei) m‡½ Zvi msL¨v KvW©
msL¨v wgjv‡Z cvi‡e|
we‡kl `ªóe¨ : wkLb †ÿÎ 4 (cÖviw¤¢K MwYZ) Gi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi 2wU GLv‡b †`Lv‡bv n‡jv| G ai‡bi AviI
4wU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbvi Rb¨ cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡gi mnvqZv †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i|
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvq wkLb †kLv‡bv †K․kj I c×wZ

cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q wkLb †kLv‡bv †K․kj I c×wZ Rvbvi c~‡e© Avgiv cÖ_‡g Rvb‡ev-
wkï Kxfv‡e †k‡L?
wkïiv wewfbœfv‡e †k‡L| wkï ZLbB me‡P‡q †ewk †k‡L hLb †m AvMÖn wb‡q †Kv‡bv Kv‡R mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY
K‡i|cwiev‡i, we`¨vj‡q I mgv‡Ri wewfbœ ev¯Íe AwfÁZv Zv‡ì wkL‡bi g~jwfwË| †Ljv n‡”Q wkïi †kLvi Ab¨Zg
gva¨g| cÖ‡Z¨K wkïi †kLvi ai‡bi GKUv wbR¯^Zv Av‡Q| Z‡e †Kv‡bv wkïB GKKfv‡e †k‡L bv| wkïiv mvaviYZ
†hfv‡e †k‡L Zv n‡jv-
 †`‡L  `‡j KvR K‡i  bv‡Pi gva¨‡g
 ï‡b  M‡íi gva¨‡g  AbyKiY K‡i
 †Ljv K‡i  Qwe †`‡L  ¯^v` wb‡q
 cÖkœ K‡i  Mvb K‡i  MÜ wb‡q
 GKvKx wPšÍv K‡i  Qovi gva¨‡g  Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g
 Abyfe K‡i  AskMÖnY K‡i  evi evi †Póv K‡i
 Zzjbv K‡i  eB c‡o  ch©‡eÿY K‡i
36
wkïi †kLvi †ÿ‡Î g~jgš¿ n‡”Q :
 wkï Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Ges †Lj‡Z †Lj‡Z †k‡L;
 AvMÖn n‡jv wkL‡bi g~j PvwjKvkw³;
 †Ljv n‡jv myLKi wkLb AwfÁZv;
 Bw›`ªqMÖvn¨ wewfbœ KvR n‡jv wkL‡bi gva¨g;
 ch©‡eÿY, AbymÜvb, wPšÍv I Kíbv n‡jv †kLvi KZK¸‡jv AZ¨vek¨Kxq Dcvq|
myZivs wkïiv hLb †hfv‡e wkL‡Z Pvq ZLb Zv‡K †m fv‡eB wkLv‡Z n‡e| cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi wkLb †kLv‡bv
†K․kj/c×wZ wkÿvi Ab¨vb¨ ¯Í‡ii †_‡K wKQy wKQy †ÿ‡Î wfbœ|wkLb †ÿÎ Ges wkLb d‡ji Pvwn`v Abyhvqx wkï‡ì
Rb¨ †h †K․kj/c×wZmg~n Kvh©Ki e‡j cÖZxqgvb n‡q‡Q †m †K․kj/c×wZ¸‡jv wb‡P †Ìqv n‡jv|
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi cÖavb wkLb-†kLv‡bv †K․kj/c×wZ wb¤œiƒc-

 Kzkj wewbgq  AwfÁZvi eY©bv
 †Ljv  nv‡Z-Kj‡g KvR
 B‡”Qg‡Zv †Ljv  `jxq KvR
 wb‡`©kbvi †Ljv  Dc¯ vcb/†cÖR‡›Ukb
 cÖvmw½K ev welqwfwËK †Ljv  MvwYwZK Abykxjb
 kvixwiK Abykxjb  ev¯Íe I Aa©ev¯Íe DcKiY eënvi
 †PBb wWªj  MvwYwZK mgm¨v •Zwi Kiv
 Qwe AuvKv  cwi`k©b
 †ivj †cø (f~wgKvwfbq)  AbymÜvb
 Qov (Ave„wË, GKK, `jxq, A½fw½, bvP Zvj)  ch©‡eÿY
 Mvb (GKK, `jxq, Zvj, `jxq cÖwZ‡hvwMZv)  Abygvb
 Mí(Mí ejv, Awfbq, cv‡cU, †ivj †cø, GKK ejv) †kªwYKiY, c„_KxKiY, wgjKiY
 Qwe eY©bv ev Qwei Mí cov  cÖvw±K¨vj/ev¯Íe AwfÁZv
 Awfbq (cwiw¯ wZ •Zwi K‡i, winv‡m©j, g~Kvwfbq)  Kvh©KiY AbymÜvb
 K‡_vcK_b  cÖ`k©b
 KÉ Abykxjb  ¯^v¯ ¨ cwiPh©v
 †jLv  cwievi‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv
 Qwe wb‡q Av‡jvPbv
 cÖvZ¨wnK Kv‡Ri Abykxjb
wb‡P K‡qKwU we‡kl wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZi mswÿß eY©bv †Ìqv n‡jv-
 †PBb wWªj : †PBb wWª‡ji g~j welq n‡jv, GKRb GKwU KvR ev aviYv ïiæ Ki‡e Ges evwKiv avivevwnKfv‡e
GKRb GKRb K‡i †mLv‡b Zv‡ì wbR¯^ KvR ev gZvgZ mshy³ K‡i KvRwU‡K ev aviYvwU‡K GKwU A_©c~Y © RvqMv
wb‡q hv‡e| †hgbÑ GKRb GKwU Mí ïiæ K‡i Zv‡K Ab¨ mevB wb‡R‡ì m„Rbkxj aviYv hy³ K‡i MíwUi GKwU
mdj cwimgvwß NUv‡Z cv‡i| Avevi †Kv‡bv GKwU KvR GKRb ïiæ Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges †mLv‡b avivevwnKfv‡e
Abïv hy³ n‡q KvRwU m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
wb‡Ri fvlvq Kv‡Ri avivevwnK Mí ejv As‡k wKfv‡e †PBb wWªj eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :
 wkÿK wkï‡ì wb‡q †Mvj n‡q em‡eb| mevB‡K ej‡eb, ÒAvgiv mevB wg‡j AvR GKwU Mí •Zwi Kie|
cÖ_‡g Avwg Mí ejv ïiæ Kie| Zvici †h RvqMvq Avwg †_‡g hve, †mLvb †_‡K Avgvi c‡ii Rb ïiæ Ki‡e|
Gfv‡e G‡K G‡K mevB wg‡j MíwU Pvwj‡q hv‡e|
37
 Gevi wkÿK gRv K‡i GKwU Mí ejv ïiæ Ki‡eb| G‡ÿ‡Î MíwU wkÿK wb‡RB ‣Zwi K‡i ej‡Z cv‡ib ev
Zuvi Rvbv †Kv‡bv Mí ej‡Z cv‡ib; †hgbÑ GKR‡bi wcZv KuvVvj †L‡Z Lye cQ›` Ki‡Zb| iv¯Ívq †h‡Z †h‡Z
KuvVvj cvKvi .............................. Av‡iK R‡bi wcZv †mI KuvVvj †L‡Z ............. cÖ_g R‡bi wcZv gviv
†Mj .......|
 Gevi wkï‡ì G‡K G‡K MíwU Pvwj‡q †h‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Drmvn †`‡eb| Kv‡iv ej‡Z Amyweav n‡j mnvqZv
Ki‡eb| MíwU †Kv_vI †_‡g †M‡j wkÿK wb‡R †PB‡b AskMÖnY K‡i MíwU‡Z bZzb †gvo ev AvKl©Y †hvM
Ki‡eb| Gfv‡e wkïiv hZÿY Avb›` cvq ZZÿY ch©šÍ wkÿK KvRwU Ki‡eb|
 Qwe eY©bv ev Qwei Mí cov : Qwei eY©bv ev Qwe †_‡K Mí covi Kv‡Ri g~j jÿ¨ n‡jv wkï‡ì GKwU Qwe
fv‡jvfv‡e ch©‡eÿY Kiv‡bv I Qwei †fZ‡ii wewfbœ Dcv`vb/Ask mbv³ Kivi `ÿZv AR©b Kiv‡bv| Gi gva¨‡g
wkïi ch©‡eÿY ÿgZv, m„Rbkxj `ÿZv, D™¢vebx kw³ I ejvi ev Dc¯ vcb Kivi `ÿZvi weKvk mva‡b mnvqZv
Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î wkÿv_©xiv cÖ_‡g Qwe ev wPÎ fv‡jvfv‡e ch©‡eÿY Ki‡e| wPÎwU m¤ú‡K© wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i
GKwU aviYv •Zwi Ki‡e| wPÎwU m¤ú‡K© wb‡Ri aviYv e¨³ Ki‡e|
 AwffveK mfvq wkï‡ì evwo‡Z LvIqvi Av‡M I c‡i wb‡Ri Lvevi †cøU I nvZ cwi®‥vi Kiv, Lvevi †X‡K
ivLv, dj ay‡q ivLvi welqwU ch©‡eÿY K‡i Drmvn w`‡Z ej‡eb Ges wkïiv wbqwgZ Zv bv Ki‡j wkÿK‡K
AewnZ Kivi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Ki‡eb|
 cwi`k©b : cwi`k©b c×wZ‡Z wkïiv myk„•Ljfv‡e †kªwYK‡ÿi evB‡i wM‡q mywbw`©ó wKQy welq Ae‡jvKb ev
ch©‡eÿY Ki‡e| c‡i †kªwYK‡ÿ wd‡i G‡m wkï‡ì Øviv cwijwÿZ welqmg~n wb‡q Av‡jvPbv ev Dc¯ vc‡bi eë¯ v
Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU wkï‡K wb‡Ri ch©‡eÿY wel‡q mK‡ji mv‡_ gZwewbg‡qi my‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e|
wb‡P Kxfv‡e cwi`k©b c×wZ eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:
 wkï‡ì †Mvj n‡q em‡Z ej‡eb| AZtci Zv‡ì ej‡eb- AvR Avgiv Avgv‡ì we`¨vj‡qi Avkcv‡k Kx Kx
wRwbm Av‡Q Zv †`Le|
 G Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wkï‡ì mevB‡K †kªwYK‡ÿi evB‡i wb‡q hv‡eb| †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡eÑwkïiv †hb Lye †ewk `~‡i
bv hvq Ges †QvUvQywU bv K‡i| wkïiv cÖ‡Z¨‡K Avkcv‡k hv wKQy †`‡L‡Q Zv g‡b ivL‡Z ej‡eb| †`Lv †kl
n‡j †kªwYK‡ÿ wdwi‡q Avb‡eb|
 Gevi wkï‡ì ej‡eb Ô†Zvgiv hv wKQy †`‡LQ Zv GKRb K‡i e‡jv|Õ wkï‡ì DËi †ev‡W© wj‡L GKwU ZvwjKv
•Zwi Ki‡e| ZvwjKvwU wkï‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ c‡o †kvbv‡eb|
 we`¨vj‡qi Avkcv‡k wkïiv hv †`‡L‡Q Zvi GKwU K‡i Qwe AuvK‡Z ej‡eb| AuvKv †k‡l Qwe †`wL‡q KvM‡R
AvVv w`‡q jvMv‡Z ej‡jb| Gfv‡e GKwU eo †cv÷vi •Zwi Ki‡Z ej‡eb| †cv÷viwU †`qv‡j Szwj‡q †`‡eb|
 Kvh©KiY AbymÜvb : cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi wkï‡ì AbymwÜrmy K‡i M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ wewfbœ NUbvi KviY
AbymÜv‡b wkï‡ì wb‡qvwRZ Kivi my‡hvM ivLv n‡q‡Q| wkïiv wewfbœ NUbv ch©‡eÿY Ki‡e| NUbvi †cQ‡bi KviY
Abyaveb Kivi †Póv Ki‡e|
†hgbÑ evZv‡m cvZv b‡o Ges †gN †_‡K e„wó nq|
wkï‡ì †kªwYi evB‡i GKwU Mv‡Qi Kv‡Q wb‡q hv‡eb| Mv‡Qi cvZv bovPov Ki‡Q wK bv ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z ej‡jb| Gevi
cÖkœ Ki‡eb|
38
 †Zvgiv wK ej‡Z cv‡iv Mv‡Qi cvZv †Kb bo‡Q? wkï‡ì DËi¸‡jv ïb‡eb| wkïiv hv-B DËi w`K Zvi
cÖksmv Ki‡eb| m¤¢e n‡j Ab¨ wkï‡ì ejv KviY wb‡q gšÍe¨ Ki‡Z ej‡eb|
 Gevi Mv‡Qi cvZv evZv‡m b‡o Zv mevB‡K ej‡eb|
 wKQy †QvU KvM‡Ri UzKiv †d¬v‡i ev †Uwe‡j †i‡L wkï‡ì duy w`‡Z ejyb| †Kb KvMR¸‡jv b‡o DVj Zv Rvb‡Z
Pvb|
 wkï‡ì KvMR w`‡q KvM‡Ri cvLv evbv‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡eb| KvM‡Ri cvLv w`‡q evZvm K‡i Mv‡Qi cvZv ev
†Kv‡bv nvjKv wRwbm bvov‡Z ej‡eb| †Kb boj Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
 Gevi cÖ‡Z¨K wkï‡K †QvU †QvU KvMR eënvi K‡i PiwK evbv‡Z ej‡eb| Kxfv‡e PiwK evbv‡Z nq Zv
wkï‡ì †`wL‡q †`‡eb| PiwK evbv‡bv †kl n‡j cÖ‡Z¨K‡K PiwK wb‡q †`․o w`‡Z ej‡eb| PiwK †Kb †Nv‡i
Zv wkï‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb|
 Gfv‡e wewfbœ Kv‡Ri ga¨ w`‡q evZv‡m cvZv bovi welqwU wkïiv eyS‡e|
 wkï‡ì †kªwYi evB‡i †Lvjv AvKvk †`L‡Z †`‡eb| †Lvjv AvKv‡k mv`v Zzjvi g‡Zv †f‡m †eov‡bv
wRwbm¸‡jvi bvg Kx Rvb‡Z Pvb| wkïi DË‡i mnvqZv K‡i ej‡eb-G¸‡jv †gN|
 Gevi Ab¨ Avi GKw`b e„wó ïiæi Av‡M AvKv‡k †gN †`L‡Z †`‡eb| †gN †`L‡Z †Kgb cÖkœ K‡i †R‡b wbb|
A_ev e„wó hLb nq ZLb AvKvk †Kgb _v‡K Zv wkï‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z Pvb| G †gN †Kb Kv‡jv n‡jv Zv ej‡Z
ej‡eb| wkï‡ì DËi cÖ`v‡b mnvqZv Ki‡eb| ej‡eb mv`v †gN fvwi n‡j Kv‡jv n‡q hvq| G Kv‡jv †gN
†_‡K e„wó nq|
 wkï‡ì †gN †_‡K e„wó covi Qwe AuvK‡Z ej‡eb|
 Gfv‡e †kªwY Kvh©µg mgvß Ki‡eb|
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi g~j¨vqb
g~j¨vqb †h †Kv‡bv wkÿvi GKwU Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| g~j¨vqb n‡jv wkïi mvwe©K weKvk I wkL‡bi gvb hvPvB Kiv| GK
K_vq wkïi weKvk I wkL‡bi Ae¯ vb Rvbv| cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvq wkïi wba©vwiZ wkLbdj AR©‡bi Ae¯ vb hvPvB KivB
g~j¨vqb| mnR K_vq-wkïi weKv‡ki †Kv‡bv GKwU †ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv GKwU welq wkï KZUv, Kxfv‡e Ges †Kgb wkL‡jv Zv
wbY©q Kivi †K․kjB g~j¨vqb| g~j¨vqb Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv, hv wkïi Rxeb, wkÿv I mvwe©K weKvk‡K mg„× K‡i|
g~j¨vqb ïay wkïi AMÖMwZ hvPvB bq eis cieZ©x av‡c Dbœq‡bi ev wkï‡K Kvw•ÿZ ch©v‡q †bIqvi wb‡`©kbvi Rb¨ †ewk
Riæwi|
wkïi wkLb AMÖMwZ I mvwe©K weKvk g~j¨vqb

cÖvK- cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i 8wU wkLb †ÿ‡Îi Av‡jv‡K AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv wbiƒcYc~e©K wkLbdj cÖbqY Kiv n‡q‡Q| wkï
wba©vwiZ wkLbdj AR©b K‡i‡Q wK bv Zv hvPvB Kiv nq A_©vr wkïi wkLb AMÖMwZ cwigvc Kiv nq, hv‡K Avgiv wkïi
AMÖMwZi g~j¨vqb ej‡Z cvwi|
g~j¨vq‡bi g~j `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡eb wkÿK| wkÿKB n‡e cÖavb g~j¨vqbKvix| Z‡e cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i wkï‡ì g~j¨vq‡bi
†ÿ‡Î wkÿ‡Ki cvkvcvwk gv-evev I Awffve‡Ki f~wgKv _vK‡Z cv‡i| †Kv‡bv fv‡eB cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii wkï‡ì Rb¨
AvbyôvwbK cixÿv c×wZ Kvg¨ bq| g~j¨vqb `yBfv‡e n‡Z cv‡i| †hgbÑ
1. AbvbyôvwbK g~j¨vqb |
2. avivevwnK g~j¨vqb |
39
1. AbvbyôvwbK g~j¨vqb
wkÿvµ‡g DwjøwLZ wkLbdj¸‡jv AwR©Z n‡”Q wKbv Zv cÖwZwbqZ hvPvB Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| wkÿK wbR¯^ mvg_©¨ I †K․kj
Ges wkÿK mnvwqKv eënvi K‡i cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV †k‡l wkï‡ì wkLb AMÖMwZ g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb Ges †m Abyhvqx
djveZ©b (Feedback) cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|
2. avivevwnK g~j¨vqb
avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkïi wkLb AMÖMwZ msiÿY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| G‡ÿ‡Î KZK¸‡jv mywbw`©ó m~P‡Ki Av‡jv‡K
g~j¨vqb Uzjm& •Zwi K‡i g~j¨vqb Kvh©µg MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡b wb‡¤œ ewY©Z †K․kjmg~n eënvi Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i|
 ch©‡eÿY : cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i g~j¨vq‡bi me‡P‡q Dc‡hvMx †K․kj n‡jv ch©‡eÿY| G‡ÿ‡Î wkÿK
ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g wkïi wkLb AMÖMwZ hvPvB Ki‡Z cv‡ib| G Rb¨ ch©‡eÿY QK •Zwi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
 †g․wLK : wKQz wkLb †hvM¨Zv Av‡Q †h¸‡jv †g․wLKfv‡e g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z nq| †hgbÑ Qov Ave„wË, f~wgKvwfbq,
wb‡`©kbv AbymiY K‡i KvR Kiv, Mvb BZ¨vw`| G‡ÿ‡Î mwVK DËi †Ìqv, ï× D”PviY, ¯úóZv, kÖeY
†hvM¨Zv, †evaMg¨Zv, AvZ¥wek¦vm BZ¨vw` m~PK we‡ePbvq ivLv †h‡Z cv‡i|
 wjwLZ : wKQz wkLb †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv †g․wLKfv‡e hvPvB Kiv hvq bv| †hgbÑ Qwe AvuKv, AvuwKeywK
AvuKv, eY© ev kã wjL‡Z cviv BZ¨vw`| G¸‡jv wjwLZfv‡e ev Av‡Mi KvR/†iKW© †`‡L hvPvB Ki‡Z n‡e|
G‡ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n‡jv mswkøó KvRwUi ¯úóZv, cwi”QbœZv I †evaMg¨Zv|
 †cvU©‡dvwjI : †cvU©‡dvwjI n‡jv wewfbœ mgq wkï †hme KvR ev wRwbm •Zwi K‡i Zvi msMÖn| wkïi nv‡Zi
KvR, A¼b, wewfbœ Kv‡Ri AMÖMwZi wPý BZ¨vw` Gi AšÍf©y³| Gi gva¨‡g wkï‡ì avivevwnK wkL‡bi AMÖMwZ
g~j¨vqb Kiv hvq|
m‡ev©cwi G K_v †Rvi w`‡q ejv hvq, wkïi wkL‡bi mv‡_ Zvi g~j¨vqbI GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR| g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkïi
AMÖMwZ hvPvB‡qi cvkvcvwk wkLb-†kLv‡bv †K․kj, wkLb-†kLv‡bv mvgMÖx I wkÿ‡Ki `ÿZv hvPvB cÖvK-cªv_wgK ¯Í‡ii
wkÿv eë¯ vi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| wkï Kx wkL‡Q, KZUzKz wkL‡Q, Kxfv‡e wk‡L‡Q, †Kv‡bv cwi‡e‡k wk‡L‡Q BZ¨vw` bvbv cÖkœ
g~j¨vq‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ| cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii wkïi g~j¨vqb n‡e mvwe©Kfv‡e| mevi Ic‡i g‡b ivLv Riæwi †h, g~j¨vq‡bi
jÿ¨ n‡e wkïi me©vwaK Kj¨vY mvab Kiv| g~j¨vqb wkïi Kv‡Q fxwZKi ev ÿwZKi †Kv‡bv cÖfve bv †d‡j †mw`‡K jÿ¨
ivLv Riæwi| †Kv‡bvfv‡eB wkïi Rb¨ cÖPwjZ Afxÿv MÖnY Kiv hv‡e bv|
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡gi mdj ev¯Íevq‡bi †K․kjmg~n :

GKwU wkÿvµ‡gi Zzjbvg~jK mvdj¨ wbf©i K‡i Gi mdj ev¯Íevq‡bi Dci| wkÿvµg GKwU DrK…ó `wjj wn‡m‡e nv‡Z
_vK‡jB Pj‡e bv, †kÖwYKÿ ch©v‡q Kvh©Ki wkLb †kLv‡bv cÖwµqvq Gi cÖ‡qvM wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ cÖvK-cÖv_wgK
ch©v‡q wkÿvµ‡gi ev¯Íevqb †K․kj, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© wkÿKmn mswkøó AskxRb‡K h_vh_fv‡e AewnZ
Ki‡Z n‡e|
G wkÿvµ‡g Kx bZzbZ¡ i‡q‡Q, †Kv_vq †Kv_vq cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii mv‡_ cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡gi wfbœZv i‡q‡Q, †Kv_vq
†hvMm~Î i‡q‡Q wKsev Kxfv‡e wkÿvi jÿ¨ AR©‡b cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv f~wgKv ivL‡Q Zv wkÿKmn mK‡ji Kv‡Q ¯úó
n‡j GwUi mdj ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e n‡e|
(Z_¨m~Î : cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg-2011 )
40
3.3 cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg
RvZxq Av`k©, Rxeb `k©b Ges Avkv AvKv•ÿv I Pvwn`vB wkÿvµ‡gi wfwË| cÖv_wgK wkÿvµgI cÖv_wgK wkÿvi RvZxq
jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ †_‡K DrmvwiZ| ¯^vaxbZvi ci †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki wkÿvµg‡K hy‡Mvc‡hvMx K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨
K‡qKeviB Gi cwigvR©b I ms‡kvab Kiv nq| wkÿv_©x‡ì eqm I †gavbymv‡i AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv wPwýZ K‡i
RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© 1986 mvj †_‡K 1990 mvj ch©šÍ †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkÿvµg cÖYq‡bi KvR ïiæ K‡i
Ges 1992 mvj †_‡K ch©vqµ‡g GB †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkÿvµg †`ke¨vcx cÖeZ©‡bi KvR Pj‡Z _v‡K| GiB
avivevwnKZvq 2011 mv‡j RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© cybivq †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkÿvµ‡gi cwigvR©b K‡i, hv
eZ©gvb Pjgvb|
cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg cÖYqb I bevqb
cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg cÖYqb I bevq‡bi Rb¨ †h KvR¸‡jv avivevwnKfv‡e Kiv nq Zvn‡jv :
 ivóªxq `k©b I bxwZgvjv (we‡kl K‡i wkÿvbxwZ) ch©v‡jvPbv|
 ivóªxq `k©b I bxwZgvjvi Av‡jv‡K wkÿvi RvZxq jÿ¨ wba©viY I jÿ¨mg~n ch©v‡jvPbv|
 wkÿvi j‡ÿï Av‡jv‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨ wba©viY|
 jÿ¨‡K ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ cÖv_wgK wkÿvi D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY I ch©v‡jvPbv|
 D‡Ïk¨‡K ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv wba©viY|
 cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv cyivcywi AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ welqwfwËK I †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv wba©viY|
 †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ wkLbdj wba©viY|
 wkLbdj AR©‡bi Rb¨ welqe¯‘ wba©viY|
 cwi‡k‡l wkÿv`vb c×wZ I g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
†hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkÿvµg cÖevn wPÎ
jÿ¨
D‡Ïk¨
cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv
welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv
†kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv
wkLbdj
welqe¯‧
cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii Rb¨ 12wU wel‡qi wkÿvµg cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| welq¸‡jv n‡jv-
1. evsjv (gvZ…fvlv) 2. Bs‡iwR
3. MwYZ 4. evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq
5. cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ weÁvb 6. Bmjvg I •bwZK wkÿv
7. wn›`y ag© I •bwZK wkÿv 8. †e․× ag© I •bwZK wkÿv
9. wLªó ag© wkÿv 10. kvixwiK wkÿv
11. Pviæ I KviæKjv 12. msMxZ
41
 †hvM¨Zv
mvaviYfv‡e †hvM¨Zvi A_© ej‡Z wKQz Ki‡Z cvivi mvg_©¨‡K eySvq| hw` ewj wkïwU Kx cv‡i? Zvi DËi eû iKg n‡Z
cv‡i| †hgb- nuvU‡Z cv‡i, †Lj‡Z cv‡i, K_v ej‡Z cv‡i| G meB wKš‧ wkïwUi †hvM¨Zv‡K †evSvq| myZivs mvaviY
A‡_© †hvM¨Zv n‡jv †Kv‡bv wKQz Ki‡Z cviv|
GKRb wkÿv_©xi †ÿ‡Î, †m †h ¸Yvewj¸‡jv AR©b Ki‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv nq Zv AR©b Kiv‡K †hvM¨Zv †evSvq| aiv
hvKÑ †m co‡Z cv‡i, A¼ Ki‡Z cv‡i BZ¨vw`| wkÿv_©xi GB eB co‡Z cviv, A¼ Ki‡Z cviv‡K MZvbyMwZKfv‡e
wkÿv_©x wkÿv jvf K‡i‡Q ev †hvM¨Zv AR©b K‡i‡Q ejv hvq| wKš‧ †Kej co‡Z cviv, wkL‡Z cviv, wnmve Ki‡Z cvivi
g‡a¨ AvRKvj Avi wkÿv mxgve× †bB|
wkÿv_©x Zvi AwR©Z Ávb‡K eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e, Ávb AR©‡bi gva¨‡g Zvi AvPi‡Yi BwZevPK cwieZ©b n‡e, mvgvwRK
`„wófw½i cwieZ©b n‡e BZ¨vw` meB wkÿvi Kvw•ÿZ welq wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| Gw`K †_‡K †hvM¨Zv‡K Ávb, `ÿZv,
`„wófw½i mgwó‡K †evSvq Ges c„_K c„_Kfv‡e G¸‡jv GK GKwU †hvM¨Zvi •ewkó¨|
†hvM¨ZvÑ †Kv‡bv GKwU cv‡Vi wkLb-‡kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi ga¨ w`‡q †Kv‡bv Ávb, `ÿZv, `„wófw½ I g~j¨‡eva
cwic~Y©fv‡e AvqË Kivi ci wkÿv_©x Zvi ev¯Íe Rxe‡b cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq Zv Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cvi‡j, †mB Ávb, `ÿZv,
`„wófw½ I g~j¨‡eva‡K †hvM¨Zv ejv nq|
†hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkÿvµg : cÖ_g †kªwY †_‡K cÂg †kªwY ch©šÍ †Kvb †Kvb †kªwY‡Z †Kvb †Kvb cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvi
KZUzKz AR©b Ki‡e Zvi Rb¨ cwiKwíZ wkÿvµgB n‡”Q †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkÿvµg|
Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg : cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi mKj wkïB mvg_©¨ I Pvwn`v Abyhvqx 12wU wel‡qi Rb¨ cÖYxZ
wkLbµ‡gi gva¨‡g cy‡ivcywifv‡e 29wU cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi my‡hvM cv‡e| G wkLbµg cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii mKj
wkÿv_©xi Rb¨ Avek¨Kxq e‡jB G‡K Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg ejv nq|
cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv-
cÖv_wgK ¯Íi‡K GKwU ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© ¯Íi aiv n‡j GB ¯Íi †k‡l A_©vr cÖv_wgK wkÿv †k‡l wkÿv_©xiv †h Ávb, `ÿZv,
`„wófw½ I g~j¨‡eva AR©b Ki‡e Zvi mgwóB n‡jv cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv| †hgb- cÂg †kÖwYi †k‡l wkï mwVK ixwZ‡Z mwVK
D”Pvi‡Y ¯úófv‡e K_v ej‡Z cvi‡e GwU evsjv wel‡qi GKwU cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv|
mvaviYZ †h †Kv‡bv †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi cÖwµqv ïiæ nq cÖ_g †kÖwY †_‡K Ges Zv Pj‡Z _v‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ| Z‡e
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvi •ewkó¨ Abyhvqx Gi ïiæ I †kl nIqvi ch©vq wfbœZiI n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB ejv hvq †h-1g
†kÖwY †_‡K 5g †kÖwY ch©šÍ AwR©Z ev ïiæ †_‡K †kl nIqv ch©šÍ AwR©Z †hvM¨Zvi mgwóB n‡jv cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv| cÖv_wgK
¯Í‡ii cwigvwR©Z wkÿvµ‡g cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvi †gvU msL¨v 29wU| GB 29wU cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv wkÿv_©xiv cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i
AR©b Ki‡e|
 cÖv_wgK wkÿvi cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv

1. me©kw³gvb AvjøvnZvqvjv/gnvb m„wóKZ©vi cÖwZ Av¯ v I wek¦vm ¯ vcb, mKj m„wói cÖwZ fv‡jvevmvq DÏxß
nIqv|
2. wbR wbR ag© cÖeZ©‡Ki Av`k© Ges ag©xq Abykvmb Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g •bwZK I PvwiwÎK ¸Yvewj AR©b Kiv|
3. mKj ag© I ag©vej¤^xi cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©b I åvZ…Z¡‡ev‡a DÏxß I kÖ×vkxj nIqv|
4. Kíbv, †K․Z~nj, m„RbkxjZv I eyw×i weKv‡k AvMÖnx nIqv|
5. msMxZ, Pviæ I KviæKjv BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g m„RbkxjZv, †m․›`h©‡PZbv, myKzgvie„wË I bv›`wbK‡ev‡ai cÖKvk
Ges m„RbkxjZvi Avb›` I †m․›`h© Dc‡fv‡M mvg_© AR©b Kiv|
42
6. cÖK…wZi wbqg¸‡jv Rvbvi gva¨‡g weÁv‡bi aviYv AR©b Kiv|
7. weÁv‡bi bxwZ I c×wZ Ges †h․w³K wPšÍvi gva¨‡g mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Af¨vm MVb Ges weÁvb gb¯‥Zv AR©b Kiv|
8. cÖhyw³ Ges Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ m¤ú‡K© Rvbv I cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g RxebhvÎvi gvb Dbœqb Kiv|
9. evsjv fvlvi †g․wjK `ÿZv AR©b Ges Rxe‡bi me©‡ÿ‡Î Zv Kvh©Kifv‡e eënvi Kiv|
10. we‡`wk fvlv wn‡m‡e Bs‡iwR fvlvi †g․wjK `ÿZv AR©b I eënvi Kiv|
11. MvwYwZK aviYv I `ÿZv AR©b Kiv|
12. †h․w³K wPšÍvi gva¨‡g MvwYwZK mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cviv|
13. gvbevwaKvi, AvšÍRv© wZKZv‡eva, wek¦åvZ…Z¡ I wek¦ms¯‥…wZi cÖwZ AvMÖnx I kÖ×vkxj nIqv|
14. ¯^vaxb I gy³wPšÍvq DrmvwnZ nIqv Ges MYZvwš¿K ixwZbxwZ Abykxjb Kiv|
15. •bwZK I mvgvwRK ¸Yvewj AR©‡bi gva¨‡g fv‡jv-g‡›ì cv_©K¨ wbiƒcY Ges Zv ev¯Íe Rxe‡b cÖ‡qvM Kiv|
16. e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK, I ivóªxq m¤ú‡ì myôz eënvi I msiÿ‡Y hZœkxj nIqv|
17. we‡kl Pvwn`v m¤úbœ wkïmn bvix-cyiæl, RvwZ-ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡ji m‡½ m¤úªxwZ I kvwšÍc~Y© mnve¯ v‡bi
gvbwmKZv AR©b Kiv|
18. Ab¨‡K AMÖvwaKvi †Ìqvi gva¨‡g Z¨v‡Mi g‡bvfve AR©b I cigZmwnòzZv cÖ`k©b Ges gvbweK ¸Yvewj AR©b
Kiv|
19. mvgvwRK Kg©Kv‡Ð mwµq AskMÖnY Ges wb‡Ri `vwqZ¡ I AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb nIqv|
20. cÖwZK‚jZv I `y‡h©vM m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges Zv †gvKvwejvq `ÿ I AvZ¥cÖZ¨qx nIqv|
21. wb‡Ri KvR wb‡R Kiv Ges kÖ‡gi gh©v`v †Ìqv|
22. cÖK…wZ, cwi‡ek I wek¦RMr m¤ú‡K© Rvbv I fv‡jvevmv Ges cwi‡e‡ki Dbœqb I msiÿ‡Y DØy× nIqv|
23. AvenvIqv I Rjevqyi cwieZ©‡bi mgm¨v †gvKvwejvq BwZevPK f~wgKv MÖn‡Y m‡Pó nIqv|
24. gvby‡li †g․wjK Pvwn`v I cwi‡e‡ki Ici RbmsL¨vi cÖfve Ges Rbm¤ú‡ì ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Rvbv|
25. kixiPP©v I †Ljvayjvi gva¨‡g kvixwiK I gvbwmK weKvk mvab Ges †bZ…‡Z¡i ¸Yvewj AR©b Kiv|
26. wbivc` I ¯^v¯ ¨Ki Rxebhvc‡bi Af¨vm MVb Kiv|
27. gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq †`k‡cÖg I RvZxqZv‡ev‡a DÏxß nIqv Ges Z¨v‡Mi g‡bvfve MVb I †`k Movi Kv‡R
mwµq AskMÖnY Kiv|
28. RvZxq BwZnvm, HwZn¨ I ms¯‥…wZ m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges G¸‡jvi cÖwZ kÖ×vkxj nIqv|
29. evsjv‡`k‡K Rvbv I fv‡jvevmv|
welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv

wkÿv_©x‡ì eqm, †gav I Pvwn`v‡K we‡ePbvq †i‡L AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv wPw‎ýZ K‡i cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii †hvM¨ZvwfwËK
wkÿvµg cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q| wkÿvµ‡gi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ w`K n‡jv-cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii Rb¨ wba©vwiZ 12wU wel‡qi gva¨‡g cÖv_wgK
¯Í‡ii wkÿv †k‡l wkÿv_©xiv 29wU cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î welq mswkøó cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvi msL¨v GK iKg
bq| 29wU cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ cÖ‡Z¨K wel‡qi Rb¨ c„_K cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvmg~n wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1g †_‡K
5g †kªwY ch©šÍ welq I welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvi msL¨v Aci c„ôvq †Ìqv n‡jvÑ
(Z_¨m~Î : cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg-2011 )
43
 welq I welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvi ZvwjKv
welq welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvi msL¨v
evsjv 14
Bs‡iwR 31
MwYZ 30
evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq (mgvR) 15
cÖv_wgK weÁvb 18
ag© (Bmjvg, wn›`y, †e․×, wLªóvb) 55 (Bmjvg-5, wn›`y-16, †e․×-17, wLªóvb-17)
kvixwiK wkÿv 08
Pviæ I KviæKjv 15
msMxZ 09
me©‡gvU 195
‡Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv 1g †kªwY ev Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bv †kªwY †_‡K ïiæ K‡i 5g ev Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bv †kªwY‡Z mgvß
n‡Z cv‡i| D‡jøL¨, Dc‡iv³ welq I cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvi ZvwjKvq †`Lv hvq †h, wewfbœ wel‡hi cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvi msL¨vI
GK iKg bq|
wb‡P D`vniY wn‡m‡e evsjv, MwYZ Ges Bs‡iwR wel‡qi cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv| Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi welqwfwËK
cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv Rvbvi Rb¨ cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg, GbwmwUwe Gi mnvqZv †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i|
 welq wfwËK cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv : evsjv fvlv

†kvbv :
1. evsjv fvlvi MVb-•ewkó¨ m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Kiv|
2. Qov, KweZv, iƒcK_v, Mí BZ¨vw` kÖæwZMÖvn¨ mvwnZ¨ ï‡b eyS‡Z cviv I Avb›` jvf Kiv|
3. K‡_vcK_b, eY©bv BZ¨vw` kÖæwZMÖvn¨ welq ï‡b eyS‡Z cviv|
ejv :
1. evsjv fvlvi MVb-•ewkó¨ m¤úwK©Z aviYv cÖ‡qvM K‡i K_v ej‡Z cviv|
2. Qov, KweZv, iƒcK_v, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, eY©bv BZ¨vw` ey‡S ej‡Z cviv|
3. mncvVx I Ab¨‡ì m‡½ cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y K_v ej‡Z cviv|
4. wewfbœ wel‡q gZvgZ cÖ`vb I Abyf~wZ e¨³ Ki‡Z cviv|
cov:
1. ¯úó, ï× I cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y mvejxjfv‡e co‡Z cviv|
2. Qov, KweZv, iƒcK_v, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, eY©bv BZ¨vw` c‡o g~jfve eyS‡Z cviv|
3. nv‡Zi †jLv I gyw`ªZ †jLv co‡Z cviv|
†jLv :
1. ¯úó, cwi”Qbœ I ï×fv‡e wjL‡Z cviv|
2. Qov, KweZv, iƒcK_v, Mí, K‡_vcK_b eY©bv BZ¨vwì welqe¯‧ I g~jfve ey‡S wjL‡Z cviv|
3. ch©‡eÿY, AwfÁZv I g‡bvfve BZ¨vw` ï× I ¯úófv‡e wb‡Ri fvlvq wj‡L cÖKvk Ki‡Z cviv|
4. mvaviY wPwV I ìLv¯Í wjL‡Z cviv Ges dig c~iY Ki‡Z cviv|
44
 welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv : MwYZ
1. ev¯Íe DcKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ MvwYwZK aviYv jvf Kiv|
2. DcKiY MYbv Ki‡Z cviv|
3. †KvwU ch©šÍ msL¨v MYbv Ki‡Z cviv|
4. 0 †_‡K 9 ch©šÍ msL¨v cÖZxK¸‡jv wPb‡Z cviv|
5. †KvwU ch©šÍ msL¨v co‡Z I wjL‡Z cviv|
6. †KvwU ch©šÍ msL¨vq eëüZ A‡¼i ¯ vbxq gvb wbY©q Ki‡Z cviv|
7. †KvwU ch©šÍ msL¨vi Zzjbv Ki‡Z I gv‡bi µgvbymv‡i mvRv‡Z cviv|
8. wek ch©šÍ µgevPK msL¨v co‡Z, wjL‡Z I eënvi Ki‡Z cviv|
9. `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK msL¨vi †hvM I GZ`msµvšÍ mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cviv (nv‡Z bv †i‡L I †i‡L)
10. GKwU msL¨v †_‡K Avi GKwU msL¨v we‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv (nv‡Z bv †i‡L I †i‡L)|
11. †hvM I we‡qvM cÖwµqv eënvi K‡i mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cviv|
12. GKwU msL¨v‡K Avi GKwU msL¨v Øviv ¸Y Ki‡Z cviv (¸Y¨ Ab~aŸ© Pvi A¼wewkó msL¨v Ges ¸YK Ab~aŸ© wZb
A¼ wewkó msL¨v)
13. GKwU msL¨v‡K Avi GKwU msL¨v Øviv fvM Ki‡Z cviv (fvR¨ Ab~aŸ© cuvP AsK wewkó Ges fvRK Ab~aŸ© wZb
A¼ wewkó msL¨v n‡e)
14. †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fvM cÖwµqv eënvi K‡i mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cviv (Kvh©wewai †h †Kv‡bv ch©v‡q Pvi
A¼ wewkó msL¨vi †P‡q eo msL¨v eëüZ n‡e bv|)
15. evsjv‡`wk gy`ªv I UvKv wPb‡Z Ges •`bw›`b †jb‡`‡b eënvi Ki‡Z cviv|
16. M‡oi aviYv jvf Kiv Ges GZ`msµvšÍ mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cviv|
17. M. mv. ¸. I j. mv. ¸. Gi aviYv jvf Kiv Ges mnR mgm¨v mgvav‡b Gme aviYv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv|
18. cÖZxK eënvi K‡i mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cviv|
19. mvaviY fMœvs‡ki aviYv jvf Kiv (ni Ab~aŸ© `yB A‡¼i msL¨v) Ges wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii fMœvsk †Pbv I eënvi
Ki‡Z cviv|
20. mvaviY fMœvs‡ki †hvM, we‡qvM I ¸Y I fvM Ki‡Z cviv Ges GZ`msµvšÍ mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cviv
(fMœvs‡ki ni Ab~aŸ© `yB A‡¼i msL¨v)
21. `kwgK fMœvs‡ki aviYv jvf Kiv I eënvi Ki‡Z cviv|
22. `kwgK fMœvs‡ki †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fvM Ki‡Z cviv Ges mgm¨v mgvav‡b eënvi Ki‡Z cviv|
23. kZKiv aviYv jvf Kiv Ges mgm¨v mgvav‡b eënvi Ki‡Z cviv|
24. •`N©¨, IRb, AvqZb I f~wg cwigv‡ci wewfbœ GKK Rvbv I eënvi Ki‡Z cviv|
25. mgq cwigv‡ci GKK Rvbv I eënvi Ki‡Z cviv|
26. cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Z_¨ msMÖn I web¨vm Ki‡Z cviv Ges RbmsL¨vwfwËK wewfbœ Z_¨ †jLwP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk
Ki‡Z cviv|
27. cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ e¯‧i R¨vwgwZK AvK…wZ m¤ú‡K© Ávb jvf Kiv|
28. Zj, †iLv I we›`y m¤^‡Ü aviYv jvf Kiv|
29. mgZjxq R¨vwgwZK AvK…wZi †kªwYweb¨vm I bvgKiY Ki‡Z cviv (wÎfyR, PZzf©yR I e„Ë) Ges wPÎ AuvK‡Z
cviv|
30. K¨vjKz‡jU‡ii eënvi †K․kj Rvbv I wnmve-wbKv‡k cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv Ges Kw¤úDUvi m¤ú‡K© Rvbv|
45
 welq wfwËK cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv : Bs‡iwR
Listening :
1. To recognize basic English sound differences, stress and intonation.
2. To understand simple commands, instructions, requests and carry them out.
3. To understand simple questions and statements.
4. To listen to, understand and enjoy simple rhymes, poems and stories.
Speaking :
1. To use English sounds, stress intonation appropriately.
2. To exchange greetings and farewells and to make introductions.
3. To ask and answer questions.
4. To recite rhymes and poems.
5. To say the names of the days of the week and the months, and to tell the time.
6. To talk about simple things and actions.
7. To give instructions, commands & to make requests.
8. To take part in conversations on topics related to students daily life.
Reading :
1. To read about texts with proper pronunciation, stress and intonation.
2. To recognize and read both cardinal and ordinal number.
3. To read the names of the days of the week, the months and the time.
4. To read about poems with proper stress and intonation.
5. To read silently with understanding paragraphs, stories and other text materials.
6. To read instructions and carry them out.
7. To recognize punctuation marks and read accordingly.
Writing:
1. To write non-cursive and cursive letters both capital and small.
2. To write cardinal and ordinal number.
3. To write words, phrases and sentences using non-cursive and cursive letters both capital
and small.
4. To write figures for words and word for figures.
5. To use punctuation marks.
6. To use capital letters.
7. To write the names of the days of the week and the months and to write the time.
8. To write words, phrases and sentences correctly.
9. To take dictation.
10. To write short and simple compositions.
11. To write simple personal letters.
12. To fill in simple forms.
46
3.4 †kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv I wkLbdj
†kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv
†Kv‡bv GKwU cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv GKev‡i ev GKm‡½ †Kv‡bv GKwU †kªwY‡Z AR©b Kiv hvq bv| av‡c av‡c wewfbœ †kªwY‡Z
cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvi Askwe‡kl AR©‡bi gva¨‡g cy‡iv cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv‡K AR©b Ki‡Z nq| welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvi
†kªwYwfwËK wefvwRZ iƒc‡K †kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv e‡j| GB †kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv‡K
wefvRb K‡i wkLbdj wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| me †k‡l †hvM¨Zv I wkLbdj‡K wfwË K‡i wewfbœ †kªwYi I wel‡qi
welqe¯‘ I cvV¨cy¯ÍK iPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
†hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkÿvµg
†Kv‡bv we‡kl ¯Í‡ii wkÿv m¤úwK©Z Kvh©µg I AwfÁZvi c~Y©v½ `wjj, hv †Kv‡bv `vwqZ¡kxj msMVb KZ©„K M„nxZ I
cwiPvwjZ nq Zv‡K wkÿvµg e‡j| Avi cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii 29wU cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv 1g †kªwY †_‡K 5g †kªwY ch©šÍ †Kvb †Kvb
†kªwY‡Z †Kvb †Kvb cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvi KZUzKz AR©b Ki‡e Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Kx ai‡bi AvPiwYK cwieZ©b Avm‡e Zv
my¯úófv‡e D‡jøL K‡i G wkÿvµg cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡jB G wkÿvµg‡K †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkÿvµg e‡j| cÖv_wgK
¯Í‡ii †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkÿvµg wkïi Kvw•ÿZ †hvM¨Zvmg~n AR©b Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ cwiKíbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wkLbµg
†Kv‡bv GKwU cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvi †kªwYwfwËK wefvwRZ iƒ‡ci web¨vm‡K wkLbµg e‡j| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq †h, GKwU
cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvi KZUzKz ev †Kvb Ask wkÿv_©xiv †Kvb †kªwY‡Z AR©b Ki‡e Zvi avivevwnK Ges µgea©gvb web¨vwmZ
iƒcB n‡jv wkLbµg| wkLbµ‡g ïaygvÎ †hvM¨Zvmg~n av‡c av‡c mwbœ‡ewkZ _v‡K| cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x‡K cÖwZwU †hvM¨Zv
av‡c av‡c AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| welqwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv wPw‎ýZ I mywbw`©ó Kivi ci cuvP eQi
†gqvw` cÖvwšÍK wkÿvi gva¨‡g 1g †_‡K 5g †kªwY ch©šÍ av‡c av‡c †Kvb †kªwY‡Z Gi KZUzKz AwR©Z n‡e Zv wPw‎‎ýZ K‡i
cÖ‡Z¨K wel‡qi Rb¨ †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkLbµg cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wb‡Pi wPÎ Øviv †hvM¨Zv, cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv I wkLbµ‡gi aviYv jvf Kiv hvq-
cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv : evsjv fvlvi MVb •ewkó¨ m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Kiv
wkLbµg
1g 2q 3q 4_© 5g
†kªwY I †kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv
†hvM¨Zv
D‡jøL¨, cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv †Kv‡bv †kªwY‡Z KZUzKz AR©b Ki‡e Zvi GKwU bgybv cieZ©x c„ôvq †Ìqv n‡jv-
47
†kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi wkLbµg (bgybv)
welq : evsjv fvlv (†kvbvi `ÿZv)
welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv
†hvM¨Zv cÖ_g †kÖwY wØZxq †kÖwY Z…Zxq †kÖwY PZz_© †kÖwY cÂg †kÖwY
1. evsjv fvlvi 1.1 evK¨ I 1.1. evK¨ I 1.1 evsjv 1.1 evsjv 1.1 evsjv
MVb-•ewkó¨ m¤ú‡K© k‡ã eëüZ k‡ã eëüZ hy³eY© mn‡hv‡M hy³eY© mn‡hv‡M hy³eY© mn‡hv‡M
aviYv jvf Kiv| evsjv eY©gvjvi evsjv hy³e‡Y©i MwVZ kã ï‡b MwVZ kã ï‡b MwVZ kã ï‡b
aŸwb I wbe©vwPZ aŸwb g‡bv‡hvM eyS‡Z cvi‡e| eyS‡Z cvi‡e| eyS‡Z cvi‡e|
hy³e‡Y©i aŸwb mnKv‡i ïb‡e|
g‡bv‡hvM
mnKv‡i ïb‡e|
1.2 KviwPýnxb 1.2 wewfbœ kã 1.2 cwiwPZ I 1.2 mnR evK¨ 1.2 mnR evK¨
I KviwPýhy³ I †QvU †QvU cv‡V eëüZ ï‡b eyS‡Z ï‡b eyS‡Z
kã Ges Abyiƒc evK¨ ï‡b eyS‡Z kã w`‡q MwVZ cvi‡e| cvi‡e|
kã‡hv‡M MwVZ cvi‡e| evK¨ ï‡b eyS‡Z
evK¨ ïb‡e| cvi‡e|
1.3 wb‡`©kbv,
cÖk,œ Aby‡iva 1.3 wb‡`©kbv, 1.3 wb‡`©kbv, 1.3 wb‡`©kbv,1.3 wb‡`©kbv,
BZ¨vw` ï‡b cÖk,œ Aby‡iva cÖk,œ Aby‡iva, cÖk,œ Aby‡iva,
cÖk,œ Aby‡iva,
eyS‡Z cvi‡e| ï‡b eyS‡Z †NvlYv ï‡b †NvlYv, Av‡`k†NvlYv, Av‡`k,
cvi‡e| eyS‡Z cvi‡e| ï‡b eyS‡Z Dc‡`k ï‡b
cvi‡e| eyS‡Z cvi‡e|
2. Qov, KweZv, 2.1 Qov I 2.1 Qov I 2.1 Qov I 2.1 Qov I 2.1 Qov I
iƒcK_v, Mí BZ¨vw` KweZv ï‡b KweZv ï‡b KweZv ï‡b g~j KweZv ï‡b g~jKweZv ï‡b gyj
kÖæwZMÖvn¨ mvwnZ¨ Avb›` jvf eyS‡Z cvi‡e I welq eyS‡Z welq I fve welq I fve
ï‡b eyS‡Z cviv I Ki‡e| Avb›` jvf cvi‡e| eyS‡Z cvi‡e| Abyaveb Ki‡Z
Avb›` jvf Kiv| Ki‡e| cvi‡e|
2.2 MíK_v 2.2 Mí ï‡b 2.2 Mí I 2.2 Mí I 2.2 Mí I
ï‡b eyS‡Z eyS‡Z cvi‡e I iƒcK_v ï‡b g~j iƒcK_v ï‡b iƒcK_v ï‡b
cvi‡e I Avb›` Avb›` jvf welq eyS‡Z g~j welq I fve NUbv, g~j welq
jvf Ki‡e| Ki‡e| cvi‡e| eyS‡Z cvi‡e| I fve eyS‡Z I
Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|
D‡jøL¨, Gfv‡e cÖwZwU wel‡qi wba©vwiZ cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvmg~n †Kvb †kªwY‡Z KZUzKz AR©b Ki‡e Zvi we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY
Rvb‡Z Avek¨Kxq wkLbµ‡gi mnvqZv †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i|
Aciw`‡K evsjv wel‡qi GKwU cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv‡K Kxfv‡e AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvq wefvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges AR©b
Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv‡K Kxfv‡e wkLbd‡j wefvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi GKwU bgybv Aci c„ôvq †Ìqv n‡jv :
(Z_¨m~Î : cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg = 2011 )
48
welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv (bgybv)
welq : evsjv fvlv
cÖ_g †kÖwY
cwiKwíZ
welq wfwËK AR©b KvR †jLK/A¼b wkíxi
cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvMx wkLbdj fvee¯‧ welqe¯‧ (cÖ‡hvR¨ Rb¨ wb‡`©kbv
†hvM¨Zv †hvM¨Zv †ÿ‡Î)
fvlv `ÿZv:
†kvbv
1. evsjv 1.1 evK¨ 1.1.1 evK¨ I eY©gvjv/fvlv -¯îeY© Avjv`vfv‡e evsjv eY©gvjv,
fvlvi I k‡ã k‡ã eëüZ -e¨ÄbeY© ms‡hvwRZ hy³eY©‡hv‡M •Zwi
MVb- eëüZ evsjv eY©gvjvi -KviwPý kã w`‡q evK¨
•ewkó¨ evsjv aŸwb g‡bv‡hvM -hy&³eY© MVb K‡i
m¤ú‡K© eY©gvjvi mnKv‡i ïb‡e (wbe©vwPZ) avivevwnKfv‡e
aviYv jvf aŸwb I I g‡b ivL‡e| Dc¯ vcb Ki‡Z
Kiv| wbe©vwPZ n‡e|
hy³e‡Y©i
cwiwPZ -dyj, dj,
aŸwb GB cvV¸‡jvi
cwi‡ek I cï,cvwL,
g‡bv‡hvM g‡a¨B cwiwPZ
cÖK…wZ MvQcvjvi bvg
mnKv‡i dzj, dj, cï,
ïb‡e| cvwLi bvg _vKv
-mßv‡ni mvZ
evÃbxq|
w`‡bi bvg
1.2KviwPý 1.1.2 evK¨ I msL¨vevPK,
- GK †_‡K
nxb I k‡ã eëüZ MYbvevPK,
wek ch©šÍ
KviwPýhy³ wbe©vwPZ hy³ µgevPK I
¸YevPK kã
kã Ges e‡Y©i aŸwb ZvwiLevPK kã
- i‡Oi bvg w`‡q Mí,
Abyiƒc g‡bv‡hvM - cÖkœ
kã‡hv‡M mnKv‡i ïb‡e K‡_vcK_b I
IAbyÁvm~PK eY©bvi cvV wbg©vY
MwVZ evK¨ I g‡b ivL‡e| evK¨
ïb‡e| 1.2.1 Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
(K‡_vcK_b)
KviwPýnxb kã
g‡bv‡hvM i‡Oi bvg
mnKv‡i ïb‡e eënv‡ii †ÿ‡Î
I g‡b ivL‡e| mswkøó i‡Oi dzj-
1.2.2 1.2.2 dj eënvi K‡i
KviwPýhy³ kã KviwPýnxb eB‡qi cvV wbg©vY
g‡bv‡hvM I Abyaveb/wb‡`©kbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
mnKv‡i ïb‡e KviwPýhy³
I g‡b ivL‡e| kã w`‡q
•Zwi evK¨
ïb‡e|
1.2.3
wb‡`©kbv I
Aby‡iva ï‡b
cvjb
Ki‡e|
49
wkLbdj
GKRb wkÿ‡Ki g~j `vwqZ¡ wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi gva¨‡g †hvM¨Zv AR©b wbwðZ Kiv| wkLb-†kLv‡bv
Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wkÿK‡K cvVmswkøó KwZcq wel‡q my¯úó aviYv wb‡q we‡klfv‡e cÖ¯w‧ Z wb‡Z nq| †hgbÑ cvV
mswkøó welqe¯‧ Kx, G welqe¯‧i ga¨ w`‡q wkïi Kx Kx wkLbdj AwR©Z n‡e, cv‡Vi welqe¯‧i m‡½ †Kvb& †Kvb&
†hvM¨Zvi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q BZ¨vw` welq Rvbvi Rb¨B wkÿK‡K wkLbdj Kx, †hvM¨Zvi m‡½ wkLbd‡ji m¤úK© Kx Ges
Kxfv‡e wkLbdj wba©viY Ki‡Z nq Zvi aviYv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb|
we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL¨ †h, cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨‡K †f‡O mvaviY D‡Ïk¨, mvaviY D‡Ïk¨‡K †f‡O AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv
Ges AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv‡K †f‡O wkLbdj cÖYxZ nq| cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘ AvqËKi‡Yi ga¨ w`‡qB wkLbdj
AR©‡bi cÖwµqv P‡j|
wkLbdj : wkLb-†kLv‡bv cÖwµqvi jÿ¨ n‡jv wkÿv_©xi AvPi‡Yi wKQy Kvw•LZ cwieZ©b Avbqb Kiv| Avi GB
AviPYMZ cwieZ©b ej‡Z †evSvq- wkÿv_©xi Ávb, `ÿZv, `„wófw½ I g~j¨‡ev‡ai cwieZ©b| †Kv‡bv GKwU cvV †k‡l
wkÿv_©x Kx Ávb, `ÿZv, `„wófw½ I g~j¨‡eva AR©b Ki‡e †m m¤ú‡K© c~e© wba©vwiZ my¯úó I mywbw`©ó †hvM¨Zv mswkøó
wee„wZB n‡jv wkLbdj| wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi ga¨ w`‡q wkÿv_©x G¸‡jv AvqË K‡i| Avi wkL‡bi gva¨‡g n‡q _v‡K
e‡jB G‡K ejv nq wkLbdj| AvPi‡Yi cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g wkLbdj AwR©Z n‡q _v‡K weavq G‡K AvPiwYK D‡ÏkÏ
ejv nq| AvPiwYK D‡Ï‡k¨ wkÿv_©xi ch©‡eÿY‡hvM¨ I cwigvc‡hvM¨ AvPi‡Yi cwieZ©b cÖKvk K‡i _v‡K| ZvB G
D‡Ïk¨ Z_v wkLbdj AwR©Z n‡jv wK bv Zv mn‡RB cwigvc Kiv hvq| AvRKvj AvPiwYK D‡Ïk¨ kãwU eënvi Kiv
nq bv eis wkLbdj AwaKZi MÖnY‡hvM¨|
wkLbd‡ji ¸iæZ¡
 wkLbd‡ji Ici wfwË K‡i †jLv nq cÖwZwU cv‡Vi welqe¯‧|
 cv‡Vi wba©vwiZ wkLbdj AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡jB wkÿv_©x †kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Z
mÿg n‡e|
 wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj wkLbdj‡K †K›`ª K‡i cwiPvwjZ n‡e|
 cvV cwiPvjbvq cÖwZwU wel‡qi cÖwZwU cv‡Vi wkLbdj wjL‡Z n‡e|
 cv‡Vi wba©vwiZ wkLbdj AR©b Kiv‡bvi Rb¨B wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj cwiPvwjZ n‡e|
wkLbd‡ji •ewkó¨
 mswÿß, ¯úó I mywbw`©ó n‡e|
 AR©b‡hvM¨ I cwigvc‡hvM¨ n‡e|
 Ávb, `ÿZv I `„wófw½i Dbœq‡b mnvqK n‡e|
 wkLbdj AR©‡bi gva¨‡g cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨ AwR©Z nq|
 wkLbdj cwigvwR©Z fvlvq cÖKvk Ki‡Z nq| †hgbÑ `yB A‡¼i msL¨vi m‡½ wZb A‡¼i msL¨vi †hvM
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
wkLbdj †jLvi wbqgvewj
 wkLbdj mvaviYZ GKwUgvÎ AvPiwYK •ewkóï D‡jøL _vK‡e|
 wkLbd‡ji D‡Ï‡kï wZbwU †ÿÎ-Ávb, `ÿZv I `„wófw½ †_‡K wPw‎ýZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
 wkLbdj wµqvevPK k‡ã wjL‡Z n‡e|
 GKwUgvÎ ev‡K¨ wkLbdj wjL‡Z n‡e|
 wkLbdj mywbw`©ó, ¯úó I cwigvc‡hvM¨ n‡e| A_©vr SMART †K․kj‡K cÖ‡qvM K‡i wkLbdj †jLv
evÃbxq|
S = Specific (mywbw`©ó)
M = Measureable (cwigvc‡hvM¨)
A = Achievable (AR©b‡hvM¨)
R = Realistic (e¯‧wbô)
T = Timebound (mgqvbyhvqx)
50
wkLbdj †jLvi wµqvc`
ejv, eY©bv Kiv, e¨vL¨v Kiv, D‡jøL Kiv, †jLv, cv_©K¨ Kiv, wee„wZ Kiv, we‡kølY Kiv, ch©‡eÿY Kiv, cwigvc
Kiv, mbv³ Kiv, A¼b Kiv BZ¨vw`|
†hvM¨Zv I wkLbd‡ji mv‡_ cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘i m¤úK©
welq mswkøó cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cv‡Vi ga¨ w`‡q wkÿv_©x Kx Ávb, `ÿZv, `„wófw½ I g~j¨‡eva AR©b Ki‡e Zv
cvV`vb Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi c~‡e©B wVK K‡i wb‡Z nq| G¸‡jv wba©viY Kiv nq welq I †kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx
†hvM¨Zvi Ici wfwË K‡i|
D`vniY : MwY‡Zi cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv - 25: mg‡qi cwigv‡ci GKK Rvbv I eënvi Ki‡Z cviv|
AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv : welq : MwYZ (Z…Zxq †kªwY)
25.1 Nwo †`‡L NÈv I wgwb‡Ui mgq ej‡Z cvi‡e|
25.2 mg‡qi GKKmg~n eënvi K‡i †QvU †QvU †hvM-we‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
wkLbdj
1| Nwo‡Z NÈvwb‡`©kK msL¨v¸‡jv co‡Z cvi‡e|
2| NÈv I wgwb‡Ui KuvUv mbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
3| Nwo †`‡L mgq ej‡Z cvi‡e|
4| w`b, NÈv, wgwbU I †m‡K‡Ði m¤úK© ej‡Z cvi‡e|
5| eQi, gvm I w`‡bi m¤úK© ej‡Z cvi‡e|
6| nv‡Z bv †i‡L NÈv, wgwbU I †m‡K‡Ði †hvM I we‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
7| mg‡qi †hvM I we‡qvM m¤úwK©Z mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
welqe¯‘
mgq cwigvc, mgq cwigv‡ci †hvM I we‡qvM, cÖv_wgK MwYZ, Z…Zxq †kªwY
AR©b Dc‡hvMx
cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv wkLbdj welqe¯‧ †kªwY I welq
†hvM¨Zv
25. mg‡qi 25.1 Nwo †`‡L NÈv 25.1.1 Nwo‡Z NÈvi wb‡`©kK mgq cwigvc cÖv_wgK MwYZ,
cwigv‡ci GKK I wgwb‡U mgq ej‡Z msL¨v¸‡jv wP‡b co‡Z cvi‡e| Z…Zxq †kªwY
Rvbv I eënvi cvi‡e| 25.1.2 NÈv I wgwb‡Ui KuvUv mbv³
Ki‡Z cviv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
25.1.3 Nwo †`‡L mgq ej‡Z
cvi‡e|
25.1.4 w`b, NÈv, wgwbU I †m‡K‡Ði
m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡e|
25.1.5 eQi, gvm I w`‡bi m¤úK©
wjL‡Z cvi‡e|
25.2 mg‡qi 25.2.1 nv‡Z bv †i‡L NÈv, wgwbU I mgq
GKKmg~n eënvi K‡i †m‡K‡Ði †hvM I we‡qvM Ki‡Z cwigv‡ci
†QvU †QvU †hvM we‡qvM cvi‡e| †hvM I
Ki‡Z cvi‡e| we‡qvM
25.2.2 mg‡qi †hvM I we‡qvM m¤úwK©Z
mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
D‡jøL¨, †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkÿvµ‡gi mwVK ev¯Íevqb wbf©i K‡i †hvM¨Zv AR©b wbwðZKi‡Yi Ici| G †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi
Kvh©Ki †K․kj n‡jv h_vh_ wkLbdj wba©viY I †m Abyhvqx wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv| Ic‡i ewY©Z
welqvewj wkÿK‡K †hvM¨Zv AR©b wbwðZKi‡Y mnvqZv Ki‡e|
51
cÖkœgvjv : 3
K. mswÿß cÖkœ
1. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨ Kx wjLyb|
2. wkÿvµg cÖYq‡bi avç‡jv wjLyb|
3. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡g Kx Kx welq AšÍfy©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q wjLyb|
4. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg g¨vwUª· Kx? ms‡ÿ‡c e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
5. wkï weKv‡ki †ÿÎ I wkLb †ÿÎ¸‡jv wjLyb|
6. †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkÿvµg cÖYq‡Yi cÖevn wPÎ D‡jøL Kiæb|
7. cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg cÖYq‡bi avç‡jv wjLyb|
8. cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii Rb¨ KZwU I Kx Kx wel‡qi wkÿvµg cÖYqb Kiv n‡”Q|
9. wkLbµg ej‡Z Kx eySvq e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
10. †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkÿvµg Kv‡K e‡j wjLyb|
11. wkïiv Kxfv‡e †k‡L wjLyb|
12. ELDS G ewY©Z weKv‡ki †ÿÎ I wkLb †ÿÎ¸‡jv Kx Kx wjLyb|
13. avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi †K․kjmg~n e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
L. iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :
1. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi cUf~wg eY©bv Kiæb|
2. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Kx Kx e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
3. wkÿvµg ej‡Z Kx eySvq? wkÿvµg m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ wkÿvwe‡ì cÖ`Ë msÁv e¨vL¨v K‡ib|
4. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg cÖYq‡bi g~jbxwZ Kx Kx wjLyb|
5. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †kªwYi wkLb DcKiY Kx Kx e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
6. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †kªwYi wkLb †kLv‡bv †K․kj/c×wZ mg~n eY©bv Kiæb|
7. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi g~j¨vqb †K․kj e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
8. †hvM¨Zv I cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? cÖv_wgK wkÿvi cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv Kx Kx wjLyb|
9. welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? †Kv‡bv wel‡qi KZK¸‡jv cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨ZvwjLyb|
10. cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii evsjv wel‡qi KZK¸‡jv cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv I Kx Kx wjLyb|
11. cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii MwYZ wel‡qi cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv wjLyb|
12. wkLbdj ej‡Z Kx eySvq? wkLb d‡ji ¸iæZ¡ I •ewkó¨ Kx Kx wjLyb| wkLbdj †jLvi wbqgvewj
e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
Z_¨m~Î :
1. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi cwiPvjb KvVv‡gv (2008), RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©|
2. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg (2011), RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©|
3. cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg (2011), RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©|
52
BDwbU 4 : cÖv_wgK wkÿvi cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gv
wkÿv GKwU †`‡ki bvMwi‡Ki †g․wjK AwaKvi| wkÿvi wfwË n‡”Q cÖv_wgK wkÿv| †lvj †KvwU RbmsL¨vi G †`‡k 5
eQi †_‡K 10 eQi eqmx wkïi msL¨v `yB †KvwUi E‡aŸ©| GZ AwaK msL¨K wkïi Rb¨ cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY
ch©šÍ cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii wkÿv wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ †hgbÑ AwaK msL¨K wkÿK cÖ‡qvRb, wVK †ZgbB wecyj msL¨K
we`¨vj‡qiI cÖ‡qvRbxqZv i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki wkï‡ì Rb¨ cÖv_wgK wkÿvi mvsweavwbK `vqe×Zvi cÖ_g c`‡ÿc
wn‡m‡e 1973 mv‡j 38406wU †emiKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq‡K RvZxqKiY Kiv nq| cieZx©‡Z GKB D‡Ï‡k¨ 2013
mv‡j 26358wU †emiKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq‡K cybivq RvZxqKiY Kiv nq| GZ wecyjmsL¨K miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq
Ges wZb jÿvwaK wkÿK- cÖavb wkÿK‡K myôzfv‡e cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU kw³kvjx cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gv
cÖ‡qvRb| evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi ci †_‡K ax‡i ax‡i `xN© 46 eQ‡i cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Rb¨ GKwU kw³kvjx cÖkvmwbK
KvVv‡gv M‡o D‡V‡Q|
cÖv_wgK wkÿvi cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gv
cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq
eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK
cÖv_wgK wkÿv RvZxq cÖv_wgK DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv
wkÿv ev¯Íevqb I
Awa`ßi wkÿv GKv‡Wwg ey¨‡iv
cwiexÿY BDwbU
wefvMxq Dc-
cwiPvj‡Ki `ßi
†Rjv cÖv_wgK cÖvBgvwi wUPvm©

wkÿv Awdm †Uªwbs Bbw÷wUDU
Dc‡Rjv/_vbv Dc‡Rjv/_vbv
wkÿv Awdm wi‡mvm© †m›Uvi
cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq
D‡jøL¨, cÖv_wgK wkÿv ¯Í‡ii wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK cÖYq‡bi `vwqZ¡ wkÿv gš¿Yvj‡qi wbqš¿Yvaxb RvZxq wkÿvµg I
cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©-Gi GKwU DBs ev kvLv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| G j‡ÿ¨ weGW wkÿvµ‡g RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©
53
m¤ú‡K© aviYv †Ìqvi D‡Ï‡k¨ G BDwb‡U AšÍfy©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GgZve¯ vq G BDwb‡Ui AvIZvaxb welqmg~n‡K
we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbvi j‡ÿ¨ wb¤œewY©Z 5wU mve BDwb‡U fvM n‡q‡Q :
4.1 cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi
4.2 RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg, DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv ey¨‡iv Ges wefvMxq DccwiPvj‡Ki `ßi, cÖv_wgK
wkÿv
4. 3 †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdm I cÖvBgvwi wUPvm© †Uªwbs Bbw÷wUDU
4.4 Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdm, Dc‡Rjv wi‡mvm© †m›Uvi Ges cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq
4.5 RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©
4.1 cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi

evsjv‡`‡ki wkï‡ì cÖv_wgK wkÿv wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ 1993 mv‡j wkÿv gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv wefvM
m„wó Kiv nq| cieZx©‡Z cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸iæZ¡ I e¨vcKZv e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ c„_K gš¿Yvjq MV‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv
†`q Ges 2003 mv‡j cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv wefvM‡K c„_K I ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq wn‡m‡e DbœxZ Kiv
nq|
evsjv‡`‡k cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ Kvh©µg cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e Ges MYwkÿv Kvh©µg DcvbyôvwbK wkÿvi
gva¨‡g cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q| G gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b wbgœewY©Z PviwU `ßi i‡q‡Q :
1. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi,
2. RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg (†bc),
3. DcvbyôvwbK wkÿvey¨‡iv,
4. eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv ev¯Íevqb I cwiexÿY BDwbU,
D‡jøL¨, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg I DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv ey¨‡iv m¤ú‡K© cieZ©x‡Z we¯ÍvwiZ
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv ev¯Íevqb I cwiexÿY BDwbU-Gi Kvh©vewj mswÿß Av‡jvPbv
Kiv n‡jv|
1. mevi Rb¨ cÖv_wgK I †g․wjK wkÿv wbwðZKi‡Y mnvqZv Kiv;
2. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Dbœqb Kg©KvÐ I wewfbœ cÖKímg~n cwi`k©b Ges cwiexÿY;
3. RvZxqKiY n‡Z ev` cov †emiKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq I KwgDwbwU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjqmg~n RvZxqKi‡Yi
mycvwik cÖ`vb
4. bZzb cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi †iwR‡÷ªkb cÖ`vb;
5. †iwR÷vW© cÖv_wgK we`¨vjqmg~‡ni wkÿK‡ì GgwcI cÖ`vb
6. †iwR÷vW© †emiKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi AemiMÖnYKvix/c`Z¨vMKvix/g„Z wkÿKM‡Yi cwievie‡M©i GKKvjxb
Avw_©K mnvqZv cÖ`vb|
54
cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvj‡qi mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv I web¨vm :
cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvj‡qi mwPe gš¿Yvj‡qi cÖkvmwbK cÖavb Ges wcÖwÝcvj GKvDw›Us Awdmvi| cÖv_wgK I
MYwkÿv gš¿Yvj‡qi mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv Abyhvqx 4wU AbywefvM, 4wU AwakvLv, 15wU kvLv, 2wU cwiKíbv AwakvLv, 4wU
cwiKíbv kvLv I 1wU Kw¤úDUvi †mj-Gi gva¨‡g cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ cwjwm cÖYqb, Dbœqb cwiKíbv MÖnY Ges
ev¯Íevqb K‡i _v‡K|
cÖkvmb I mgš^q AbywefvM
GKRb hyM¥ mwP‡ei `vwq‡Z¡ G Abywefv‡Mi Kvh©vewj m¤úbœ n‡q _v‡K| G Abywefv‡M cÖkvmb AwakvLv Ges cÖkvmb
AwakvLvi AvIZvq cÖkvmb -1 kvLv, cÖkvmb-2 kvLv, wnmve †mj, AvBb kvLv, AvBwmwU †mj, Z`šÍ I k„•Ljv kvLv,
mgš^q I gwbUwis kvLv,we`¨vjq AbywefvM Ges jvB‡eªwii Kvh©vewj cwiPvwjZ nq|
cÖkvmb 1 I 2 kvLvi Kvh©vewj
DcmwPe/wmwbqi mnKvix mwP‡ei ZË¡veav‡b D³ kvLv `ywU‡Z wbgœewY©Z Kvh©vewj cwiPvwjZ nq:
K. gš¿Yvj‡qi ivR¯^ ev‡R‡Ui AvIZvaxb 1g †kªwYi Kg©KZ©v‡ì ms¯ vcb msµvšÍ welqvw`
L. gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb¯  `ßimg~‡ni ivR¯^ ev‡R‡Ui AvIZvaxb Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix‡ì (cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK
e¨ZxZ) ms¯ vcb msµvšÍ welqvw`;
M. RvZxq msm` welqK Kvh©vewj;
N. gš¿Yvj‡qi wnmve kvLvi ZË¡veavb I Avqb e¨qb Kg©KZ©vi `vwqZ¡ cvjb;
O. gš¿Yvjq I Gi AvIZvaxb Awa`ßi I Ab¨vb¨ `ßimg~‡ni Kg©KZ©v Kg©Pvix‡ì Af¨šÍixY I •e‡`wkK cÖwkÿY
(Dbœqb cÖKí e¨ZxZ) cÖwµqvKiY;
P. gvbbxq gš¿x Ges G gš¿Yvjq msµvšÍ msm`xq ¯ vqx KwgwUi mKj ai‡bi we‡`k md‡ii cÖ¯vÍ e cÖwµqvKiY;
Q. miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq e¨ZxZ ivR¯^Lv‡Zi c`mg~n m„wó I msiÿY;
R. gš¿Yvj‡qi ivR¯^ ev‡R‡Ui AvIZvaxb Kg©Pvix wb‡qvM, ms¯ vcb Ges Avw_©K welqmn cÖkvmwbK welqvw`;
S. Aaxb¯  `ßi I cÖK‡íi Kg©KZ©v‡ì †Uwj‡dvb/d¨v·/B›Uvi‡bU gÄyix;
T. gš¿Yvj‡qi mvaviY †mev, mieivn, cwienb, wbivcËv I cÖ‡UvKj msµvšÍ welqvewj;
wnmve †mj
K. Avqb e¨qb Kg©KZ©vi `vwqZ¡ cvjb,
L. gš¿Yvj‡qi Kg©KZ©v, Kg©Pvwi‡ì †eZb I fvZv wej cÖ¯Z
‧ ,
M. •e‡`wkK ågY, Avf¨šÍixY ågYmn Ab¨vb¨ mKj wej •Zwi,
N. K¨vk eB iÿYv‡eÿY,
O. ¯ vbxq I ivR¯^ AwWUmn Ab¨vb¨ AwWU Kv‡h© mnvqZv cÖ`vb,
P. †cbkb msµvšÍ hveZxq wej cÖwµqvKiY|
AvBb kvLv
K. gnvgvb¨ mywcÖg †Kv‡U©i nvB‡KvU© wefv‡Mi iæRyK…Z cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ gvgjvi wel‡q
miKv‡ii c‡ÿ Z`wei/Kvh©µg MÖnY,
L. wewfbœ †Rjv RR I Aat¯Íb Av`vj‡Z iæRyK…Z cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ gvgjvi wel‡q
miKv‡ii c‡ÿ Z`wei/Kvh©µg MÖnY,
M. cÖkvmwbK UªvBeybvj I cÖkvmwbK Avwcj UªvBeybv‡j cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ gvgjvi
Av‡`k, wb‡`©k I iv‡qi wel‡q Aaxb¯  `ß‡ii mgš^‡q Kvh©Kix eë¯ v MÖnY,
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AvBwmwU †mj
GKRb wm‡÷g Gbvwj÷/†cÖvMÖvgv‡ii ZË¡veav‡b G †m‡j wbgœewY©Z Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq:
K. RvZxq Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ bxwZgvjv 2009 Ges cieZx©‡Z RvixK…Z AvBwmwU msµvšÍ AvBb I
bxwZgvjvi Av‡jv‡K Kvh©µg MÖnY I ev¯Íevqb,
L. cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ WvUv‡eR iÿYv‡eÿY I msiÿY,
M. mvf©vi iæg, †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK©, IqvBW Gwiqv †bUIqvK© Ges AvBwc †dvb †bUIqvK© eë¯ vcbv;
N. cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvj‡qi I‡qemvB‡U cÖKvwkZe¨ Z_¨ DcvË, WKz‡g›U h_vmg‡q Avc‡jvW Kivmn
wbqwgZ I‡qemvBU nvjbvMv`KiY,
O. I‡qemvBU eë¯ vcbv,
P. B dvBwjs Kvh©µg Ges wfwWI Kb&dv‡iwÝs msµvšÍ Kvh©vewj,
Q. gš¿Yvj‡qi Kw¤úDUvi nvW©Iq¨vi I †bUIqvK© †gBb‡Ub¨vÝ Ges Uªvejmy¨wUs|
Z`šÍ I k„•Ljv kvLv

G kvLvi `vwqZ¡cÖvß Kg©KZ©v GKRb DcmwPe/wmwbqi mnKvix mwPe| Zuvi ZË¡veav‡b G kvLvq wbgœewY©Z Kvh©µg
cwiPvwjZ nq:
K. gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb¯  Awa`ßi, `ßi, BDwbU, cÖK‡íi Kg©KZ©v Kg©Pvix‡ì weiæ‡× AvbxZ Awf‡hv‡Mi
cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z wefvMxq eë¯ v MÖnY;
L. Dch©y³ welq msµvšÍ gvgjvi Kvh©µg MÖnY|
mgš^q I gwbUwis kvLv

G kvLvi `vwqZ¡cÖvß Kg©KZ©v GKRb wmwbqi mnKvix mwPe| G AwakvLvq wbgœewY©Z Kvh©vewj m¤úbœ n‡q _v‡K:
(1) cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv msµvšÍ wefvMxq Kwgkbvi‡ì Kvh©vewj;
(2) gš¿x cwil‡ì wm×všÍ ev¯Íevqb I AbymiY Ges gvwmK lvb¥vwmK I evwl©K cÖwZ‡e`b †cÖiY;
(3) cwi`k©b msµvšÍ Kvh©vewj I cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Dci Kvh©Kix eë¯ v MÖnY;
(4) RvZxq ch©v‡q KwgwU/Kwgkb MVb I cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ mvaviY bxwZgvjv cÖYqb;
(5) cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv welqK †`wk-we‡`wk †mwgbvi/wm‡¤úvwRqvg/IqvK©k‡ci Av‡qvRb;
we`¨vjq AbywefvM
G Abywefv‡Mi `vwqZ¡cÖvß Kg©KZ©v GKRb AwZwi³ mwPe| wZwb mwP‡ei Abycw¯ wZ‡Z `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| cÖv_wgK
wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP 3-Gi hveZxq Dbœqb msµvšÍ KvR G AbywefvM †_‡K m¤úbœ Kiv nq| AwZwi³ mwPe Dbœqb
Kg©m~wPi †dvKvj cvm©b wn‡m‡eI `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| we`¨vjq Abywefv‡Mi AvIZvq GKwU AwakvLv i‡q‡Q|
we`¨vjq AwakvLv
G AwakvLvi `vwqZ¡cÖvß Kg©KZ©v GKRb hyM¥ mwPe| Zvi Aax‡b we`¨vjq-1 I we`¨vjq-2 kvLv DcmwPe I wmwbqi
mnKvwi mwP‡ei Kvh©vewj cieZ©x c„ôvq wee„Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|
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we`¨vjq 1 I 2 kvLvi Kvh©vewj :
K. eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv AvBb ev¯Íevqb, cwiexÿY I GZrmsµvšÍ KwgwU MVb;
L. cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq †iwR‡÷ªkb welqK bxwZgvjv cÖYqb Ges †NvlYv/wb‡`©kbv ev¯Íevqb I Z_¨vw` msiÿY;
M. miKvwi I †iwR÷vW© †emiKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK wb‡qvM I wkÿK e`wj msµvšÍ hveZxq AvBb,
wewa, bxwZgvjv cÖYqb I wb‡qvM msµvšÍ Ab¨vb¨ Kvh©vewj;
N. we`¨vjqwenxb GjvKvq GbwRI KZ©„K we`¨vjq wbg©vY I cwiPvjbv msµvšÍ welqvw`;
O. cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq RvZxqKiY;
P. †emiKvwi cÖv_wgK wkÿK Kj¨vY Uªv÷/wkï Kj¨vY Uªv÷ msµvšÍ AvBb/ms¯ vcb welqK bxwZgvjv cÖYqb;
Q. wkÿvcÿ/wkÿv mßvn cvjb msµvšÍ welqvewj;
R. miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK‡ì e‡Kqv †eZb, MÖvPzBwU, †cbkb, ms¯ vcb BZ¨vw` msµvšÍ Kvh©vewj;
S. cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq mgvcbx/e„wË cixÿv welqK bxwZgvjv I wb‡`©wkKv cÖYqb;
T. miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi Rbej m„wó Ges Rwg, feb I m¤úwË msiÿY;
U. RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg msµvšÍ welqvewj;
V. wcwUAvB-Gi Kg©KZ©v‡ì cÖkvmwbK I ms¯ vcb welqvw` e¨vZxZ Ab¨vb¨ welqvw`;
Dbœqb AbywefvM
Dbœqb Abywefv‡Mi `vwqZ¡cÖvß Kg©KZ©v GKRb AwZwi³ mwPe/hyM¥mwPe| Zuvi AvIZvax‡b cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi
Dbœqbg~jK Kvh©µgmn Dbœqb AwakvLv 1, Dbœqb AwakvLv 2, cwiKíbv AwakvLvi Kvh©vewj cwiPvwjZ nq|
Dbœqb AwakvLv-1
GKRb hyM¥mwP‡ei ZË¡veav‡b Ges 1 Rb DcmwPe I 1 Rb wmwbqi mnKvwi mwP‡ei mnvqZvq Dbœqb AwakvLv-1 Gi
Kvh©vewj cwiPvwjZ nq| G AwakvLvi AvIZvq Dbœqb kvLv 1 Ges Dbœqb 2 kvLvq †h mKj Kvh©vewj cwiPvwjZ nq Zv
wb‡gœ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv:
K. cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ cÖKímg~‡ni ev¯Íevqb Kvh©µg;
L. cÖKímg~‡ni ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ A_© Aegyw³, †jvKej wb‡qvM I Kg©KZ©v/Kg©Pvwi‡ì ms¯ vcb welqK Kvh©vw`;
M. we‡`‡k Aew¯ Z evsjv‡`k wgk‡bi mv‡_ mshy³ cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi Dbœqb I mnvqZv `vb;
N. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi webvg~‡j¨ cvV¨cy¯ÍK, wkÿK ms¯‥iY, AwZwi³ cVb mvgMÖx (GmAviGg) cÖYqb, gy`ªY I
weZiY msµvšÍ Kvh©vewj;
O. cÖK‡íi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ wewfbœ `vZv ms¯ vi mv‡_ mvnvh¨ Pzw³ m¤úv`b;
P. SDG ev¯Íevq‡b cø¨vb Ae Av¨vKkb cÖYqb I ev¯Íevqb,
Q. cÖK‡íi †gqv` †k‡l bw_cÎ, AvmevecÎ, hvbevnb I hš¿cvwZ msiÿY Ges h_vh_fv‡e n¯ÍvšÍi;
Dbœqb AwakvLv-2
GKRb hyM¥mwP‡ei ZË¡veav‡b Ges 1 Rb wmwbqi mnKvwi mwP‡ei mnvqZvq Dbœqb AwakvLv-2 Gi Kvh©vewj cwiPvwjZ
nq| G AwakvLv Dbœqb 3 kvLvi AvIZvq †h mKj Kvh©vewj cwiPvwjZ nq Zv wb‡gœ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv:
K. DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv msµvšÍ Pjgvb cÖKí ev¯Íevqb Kvh©µg;
L. cÖKímg~‡ni ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ A_©Aegyw³, †jvKej wb‡qvM I Kg©KZ©v/Kg©Pvwi‡ì ms¯ vcb welqK Kvh©vw`;
M. cÖK‡íi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ wewfbœ `vZv ms¯ vi mv‡_ mvnvh¨ Pzw³ m¤úv`b;
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N. cÖK‡íi †gqv` †k‡l bw_cÎ, AvmevecÎ, hvbevnb I hš¿cvwZ msiÿY Ges h_vh_fv‡e n¯ÍvšÍi;
O. Dch©y³ cÖKímg~‡ni Rb¨ •e‡`wkK cÖwkÿY/†d‡jvkxc;
P. AbvbyôvwbK/DcvbyôvwbK I †g․wjK wkÿv welqK Kvh©µg Ges G wel‡q Ab¨vb¨ gš¿Yvjq, wefvM I miKvwi
ms¯ vmg~‡ni Kvh©µg mgš^q;
ev‡RU AbywefvM
ev‡RU I AwWU AwakvLv
GKRb hyM¥mwP‡ei ZË¡veav‡b 1Rb DcmwPe Ges 1 Rb wmwbqi mnKvix mwP‡ei mnvqZvq G AwakvLvi Kvh©vewj
cwiPvwjZ nq| G AwakvLvi AvIZvq †h mKj Kvh©vewj cwiPvwjZ nq Zv wb‡gœ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv:
K. AwWU dvg© KZ©„K †iwR †emiKvwi cÖv_vwgK we`¨vj‡qi evrmwiK AwWU msµvšÍ Kvh©vewj;
L. gš¿Yvj‡qi ivR¯^ I Dbœqb Lv‡Zi AwWU msµvšÍ Kvh©vewj;
M. ivR¯^ ev‡RU n‡Z eivÏ cÖ`vb I A_© QvoKiY;
N. ga¨‡gqvw` ev‡RU KvVv‡gvi AvIZvq mgš^q I Aaxb¯  `ßimg~‡ni ivR¯^ I Dbœqb ev‡R‡Ui AšÍf©y³ Kvh©vewj;
O. miKvwi wnmve m¤úwK©Z ¯ vqx KwgwUi mfv I wm×všÍ ev¯Íevqb;
P. ivR¯^ Lv‡Zi AvIZvq gvV ch©v‡qi wewfbœ wkÿv cÖwZôvb/`ßimg~‡ni †givgZ I ms¯‥vi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ eivÏ
cÖ`vb|
cwiKíbv AwakvLv
G AwakvLvi `vwq‡Z¡ i‡q‡Qb GKRb DccÖavb| wZwb wZbRb mnKvwi cÖavb I GKRb cwimsL¨vb Kg©KZ©vi
mn‡hvwMZvq G AwakvLvi Aaxb cwiKíbv 1 kvLv, cwiKíbv 2 kvLv Ges cwiKíbv 3 kvLvi Kvh©µg m¤úbœ K‡ib|
cwiKíbv AwakvLvi Kvh©vewj:
K. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi AeKvVv‡gv msµvšÍ KvRmn mKj Dbœqb cÖKí cÖYqb, g~j¨vqb, w÷qvwis KwgwU,
Dbœqb mn‡hvwM‡ì m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM, DPP (Development Project Proposal), RDPP (Revised Project
Proposal), TPP (Technical Project Proposal) mswkøó mKj KvR;
L. Dch©y³ cÖKímg~‡ni ev¯Íevqb KvR cwiexÿY, g~j¨vqb I cÖKí cwiPvjK‡ì KvQ †_‡K cÖwZ‡e`b cÖvwß
wbwðZKiYmn wbweo †hvMv‡hvM ¯ vcb;
M. cÖKí mswkøó •e‡`wkK `vZv ms¯ vi mv‡_ m¤úvw`Ze¨ Lmov Pzw³, mgš^q I wb®úwËKiY;
N. cÖv_wgK wkÿv welqK cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv msµvšÍ Kvh©vewj;
O. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi GIwc, cÖvK cÖv_wgK wkÿv I GKxf‚Z wkÿv msµvšÍ Kvh©vw`;
P. cÖv_wgK I DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv msµvšÍ Z_¨ msMÖn, msKjb, msiÿY I cÖKvk;
Q. AvBGgBwW, cwiKíbv Kwgkb, BAviwWmn wewfbœ gš¿Yvj‡q cÖKí msµvšÍ wewfbœ cÖwZ‡e`b †cÖiY:
R. A_©‣bwZK mgxÿv cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb|
(Z_¨m~Î : cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿvgš¿Yvj‡qi wb‡`©kbv-2014 Gi 7 bs wb‡`©kbv|website of MOPME)
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cÖkvmb I mgš^q AbywefvM we`¨vjq AbywefvM Dbœqb AbywefvM ev‡RU AbywefvM
Dbœqb AwakvLv 1 Dcbœq ev‡RU I AwWU AwakvLv

cÖkvmb AwakvLv we`¨vjq AwakvLv AwakvLv 2
we`¨vjq 1 kvLv Dbœqb 1 kvLv ev‡RU I AwWU kvLv

cÖkvmb 1 kvLv
we`¨vjq 2 kvLv Dbœqb 2 kvLv cwiKíbv 1 kvLv

cÖkvmb 2 kvLv
wnmve †mj Dbœqb 3 kvLv cwiKíbv 2 kvLv
AvBb kvLv
AvBwmwU †mj
Z`šÍ I k„•Ljv kvLv
mgš^q I gwbUwis
kvLv
jvB‡eªix
cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvj‡qi cÖvwZôvwbK KvVv‡gv
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cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi
cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi evsjv‡`‡k GKwU e„nr cÖwZôvb| evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii
cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ hveZxq cÖvwZôvwbK Kg©KvÐ cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi Ges Gi AvIZvaxb 8wU wefvMxq
DccwiPvj‡Ki Awdm(cÖv_wgK wkÿv), 64wU †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdm, 67wU miKvwi Ges 1wU †emiKvwi mn †gvU
68wU cÖvBgvwi wUPvm© †Uªwbs BÝwUwUDU(wcwUAvB), 488wU Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdm, 20wU _vbv wkÿv Awdm, 488wU
Dc‡Rjv wi‡mvm© †m›Uvi I 20wU _vbv wi‡mvm© †m›Uvi Ges 64764wU miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi gva¨‡g m¤úbœ nq|
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii mvwe©K Kg©KvÛ wb¤œewY©Z 7wU wefv‡Mi gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ nq :
(1) cÖkvmb wefvM
(2) cwiKíbv I Dbœqb wefvM;
(3) cÖwkÿY wefvM;
(4) cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb wefvM;
(5) cwjwm I Acv‡ikb wefvM;
(6) A_© I msMÖn wefvM;
(7) Z_¨ eë¯ vcbv wefvM;
gnvcwiPvjK
gnvcwiPvjK cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii cÖkvmwbK cÖavb| cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi †cÖvMÖvg cwiPvjK wn‡m‡eI wZwb
`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| Zuvi †bZ…‡Z¡ GKRb AwZwi³ gnvcwiPvjK Ges cÖwZwU wefv‡Mi GKRb cwiPvj‡Ki mn‡hvwMZvq
cÖv_wgK wkÿvi mvwe©K Kvh©µg gvV ch©v‡q ev¯ÍevwqZ nq| gnvcwiPvj‡Ki †bZ…‡Z¡ Dc‡iv³ 8wU wefv‡Mi gva¨‡g
evsjv‡`‡k cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ wbgœewY©Z KvR m¤úvw`Z nq:
K. cÖvK cÖv_wgK †_‡K cÂg †kªwY ch©šÍ mKj wkïi Rb¨ ¸YMZgvb m¤úbœ cÖvK cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK wkÿv wbwðZ
Kiv;
L. cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó cÖKí/w¯‥g cÖYqb Ges cÖK‡íi ev¯Íevqb cwiexÿY, g~j¨vqb, mgš^q mvab I ZË¡veavb,
M. cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ mvwe©K Abybœqb I Dbœqb ev‡RU cÖYqb,
N. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii Aaxb¯  mKj cÖK‡íi Head of Procurement Entity (HoPE)
O. cÖvK cÖv_wgK †_‡K cÂg †kªwY ch©šÍ wkÿvµg, cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿK mnvwqKv cÖYqb, g~`ªY Ges weZiY;
P. cªv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi I Gi AvIZvaxb Kg©KZ©v Kg©Pvix‡ì QzwU, †cbkb, e`wj, wb‡qvM, c‡`vbœwZ,
wb‡qvMwewa, mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv ms‡kvab, cwigvR©b, wkÿK wb‡qvM BZ¨vw` hveZxq cÖkvmwbK Kvh©µg;
Q. wb‡qvMK…Z Kg©KZ©v Kg©Pvix/wkÿK‡ì cÖwkÿY Pvwn`v wbiƒcY I cÖwkÿ‡Yi eë¯ v MÖnY;
R. cÖv_wgK we`¨vjqmn AvIZvaxb mKj `ß‡ii AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœqb Pvwn`v wbiƒcY I Dbœqb;
S. we`¨vjq I Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q Dbœqb cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb;
T. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kvh©µg cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb;
U. evrmwiK cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq ïgvwi, RvZxq K…wZ Afxÿv I cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq mgvcbx cixÿv cwiPvjbv;
V. cÖv_wgK wkÿvwelqK mKj cÖKvi AvBwb welq I msm` welqK Kvh©µg;
W. cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ bxwZwba©viYx wel‡q cÖkvmwbK gš¿Yvjq‡K mnvqZv Kiv,
X. e½eÜz I e½gvZv †eMg dwRjvZz‡bœmv dzUej Uzb©v‡g›U-Gi Av‡qvRb Kiv;
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AwZwi³ gnvcwiPvjK
AwZwi³ gnvcwiPvjK 8 wefv‡Mi cwiPvjKM‡Yi mn‡hvwMZvq cÖv_wgK wkÿv †ÿ‡Îi GB wekvj Kg©hÁ cwiPvjbvq
gnvcwiPvjK‡K mnvqZv K‡ib| wZwb evsjv‡`‡k cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ wbgœewY©Z KvRmg~n m¤úv`‡b gnvcwiPvjK‡K
mn‡hvwMZv K‡ib:
K. cÖvK cÖv_wgK †_‡K cÂg †kªwY ch©šÍ mKj wkïi Rb¨ ¸YMZgvb m¤úbœ cÖvK cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK wkÿv
wbwðZKi‡Y Ges wkÿvµg, cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿK mnvwqKv cÖYqb, g~`ªY Ges weZi‡Y gnvcwiPvjK‡K
mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb;
L. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi I Gi AvIZvaxb Kg©KZ©v Kg©Pvix‡ì QzwU, †cbkb, e`wj, wb‡qvM, c‡`vbœwZ,
wb‡qvMwewa, mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv ms‡kvab, cwigvR©b, wkÿK wb‡qvM BZ¨vw` hveZxq cÖkvmwbK Kvh©µg;
M. evrmwiK cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq ïgvwi, RvZxq K…wZ Afxÿv I cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq mgvcbx cixÿv cwiPvjbv;
N. cÖv_wgK wkÿv welqK mKj cÖKvi AvBwb welq I msm` welqK Kvh©µg;
O. e½eÜz I e½gvZv †eMg dwRjvZz‡bœmv dzUej Uzb©v‡g›U-Gi Av‡qvRb Kiv;
P. Awa`ßi I gvV ch©v‡qi Aaxb¯  Kg©KZ©v‡ì weiy‡× D¯ vwcZ/AvbxZ Awf‡hv‡Mi welq eë¯ v MÖnY|
Q. †`‡k I we‡`‡k D”P wkÿv‡_© e„wË, •e‡`wkK cÖwkÿY, •e‡`wkK wkÿv mdi I we‡`‡k cÖwZwbwa g‡bvbqb|
R. mKj cÖKvi AvBwb welq I msm` welqK Kvh©µg;
1. cÖkvmb wefvM
cwiPvjK cÖkvm‡bi Aax‡b wbgœewY©Z PviwU kvLvi gva¨‡g cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi Ges gvV ch©v‡qi cÖkvmb msµvšÍ
mvwe©K Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq| wZwb cÖwZwU kvLvq GKRb K‡i †gvU 4 Rb DccwiPvjK, 5 Rb mnKvix cwiPvjK Ges
Ab¨vb¨ Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq cÖkvmb wefv‡Mi mKj KvR m¤úv`b K‡ib| cÖkvmb wefv‡Mi Aax‡b
wbgœewY©Z 4wU kvLv i‡q‡Q :
1. mvaviY cÖkvmb kvLv,
2. cÖkvmb kvLv,
3. eB weZiY kvLv,
4. Z`šÍ I k„•Ljv kvLv|
D³ kvLvmg~n QvovI G wefv‡M GKwU AvBb †mjI Av‡Q| cÖwZwU kvLvq GKRb DccwiPvjK GKvwaK mnKvix
cwiPvjK, wkÿv Awdmvi/M‡elYv Awdmvi, mnKvix wkÿv Awdmvi I Kg©Pvix‡ì mnvqZvq Awa`ßi I gvV ch©v‡qi
wbgœewY©Z Kvh©µgmg~n cwiPvwjZ nq :
K. ¸YMZgvb m¤úbœ cÖvK cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK wkÿv wbwðZKi‡Y cvV¨cy¯ÍK cÖYqb, g~`ªY Ges weZiY;
L. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi I Gi AvIZvaxb Kg©KZ©v Kg©Pvix‡ì QzwU, †cbkb, e`wj, wb‡qvM, c‡`vbœwZ,
wb‡qvMwewa, mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv ms‡kvab, wkÿK wb‡qvM BZ¨vw` hveZxq cÖkvmwbK Kvh©µg;
M. cÖv_wgK wkÿv welqK mKj cÖKvi AvBwb welqK Kvh©µg;
N. e½eÜz I e½gvZv †eMg dwRjvZz‡bœmv dzUej Uzb©v‡g›U-Gi Av‡qvRb Kiv;
O. Annual Performance Agreement (APA) msµvšÍ Kvh©µg|
61
P. mKj ¯Í‡ii bZzb c` m„wó, †eZb †¯‥j DbœxZKiY, cÖKí c` ivR‡¯^ ¯ vbvšÍi msµvšÍ Kvhv©ewj;
Q. Awa`ßi I cÖwZôvbmg~‡n Kg©iZ‡ì wefvMxq k„•Ljvg~jK Kvh©µg I wefvMxq gvgjv cwiPvjbv;
R. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii hvbevnb, hš¿cvwZ, g‡bvnvix `ªe¨vw`, †Uwj‡dvb, AvmevecÎvw`, Avmb eë¯ v, feb
ms¯‥vi I iÿYv‡eÿY, mvwe©K wbivcËv eë¯ v wbwðZKiY;
S. cªv_wgK wkÿv mgvcbx I Be‡Z`vqx wkÿv mgvcbx cixÿv cwiPvjbv;
T. RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv mßvn I wewfbœ wèmmg~n D`hvcb|
2. cwiKíbv I Dbœqb wefvM

cwiPvjK (cwiKíbv I Dbœqb)-Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi Ges gvV ch©v‡q cwiKíbv I Dbœqb msµvšÍ mvwe©K
Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq| 2 Rb DccwiPvjK, 4 Rb mnKvix cwiPvjK Ges GKvwaK wkÿv/M‡elYv Awdmvi I
Kg©Pvix‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq cwiKíbv I Dbœqb wefv‡Mi cwiKíbv Dbœqb kvLv Ges w¯øc I BD‡cc-Gi gva¨‡g wbgœewY©Z
Kvh©µgmg~n m¤úv`b Kiv nq :
K. cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvi iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb I cÖ¯vÍ e †ck;
L. Dbœqb ev‡RU cÖYqb I Dbœqb Pvwn`v wbi~cY|
M. bZzb cÖK‡íi DPP/RDPP cÖYqbmn mKj cÖK‡íi Annual Devlopment Plan (ADP), Revised
Annual Development Palan (RADP) Gi Rolling Plan-Gi mgwš^Z wi‡c©vU msµvšÍ Kvh©µg;
N. Annual Operation Plan (AOP), Time Bound Action Plan I Annual Procurement Plan (APP)
msµvšÍKvR;
O. UNICEF-Gi mnvqZvq Child Friendly Classroom, Ability Based Learning (ABL), Sports BZ¨vw`
Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb;
P. LGED I DPHE -Gi mnvqZvq miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi feb wbg©vY, IqvkeøK wbg©vY, bjK‚c ¯ vcbmn
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßivaxb gvV ch©v‡qi `ßi I cÖwkÿY BÝwUwUDUmg~‡ni mKj cÖKvi †f․Z AeKvVv‡gv
Dbœqb I cwiexÿY;
Q. School Level Improvement Plan (SLIP) I Upazila Primary Education Plan (UPEP) ev¯Íevqb;
R. Education in Emergency I mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eówb ev¯Íevqb|
3. cÖwkÿY wefvM
cwiPvjK (cÖwkÿY)-Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi Ges gvV ch©v‡q cÖwkÿY msµvšÍ mvwe©K Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq|
G cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ gvV ch©v‡q miKvwi 67wU cÖvBgvwi wUPvm© †Uªwbs BÝwUwUDU (wcwUAvB) Ges 508wU
BDAviwm/wUAviwmi gva¨‡g mKj cÖwkÿY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| ZvQvov RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg (†bc)-G
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©v‡ì Rb¨ ¯^í †gqvw` wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖwkÿY Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| 2 Rb DccwiPvjK, 4 Rb mnKvix
cwiPvjK Ges GKvwaK wkÿv/M‡elYv Awdmvi, mnKvix wkÿv Awdmvi I Kg©Pvix‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq cÖwkÿY wefv‡Mi
cÖwkÿY kvLv Ges cvV¨µg I M‡elYv kvLvi gva¨‡g wb¤œewY©Z Kvh©µgmg~n m¤úv`b Kiv nq:
K. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi gvb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ M‡elYv, mgxÿv cwiPvjbv msµvšÍ hveZxq KvR;
L. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi I gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©v, cÖwkÿY cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©KZ©v I wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ Dbœq‡bi
j‡ÿ¨ Af¨šÍixY I •e‡`wkK cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡`¨vM MÖnY I ev¯Íevqb;
M. mve-K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿY msµvšÍ cÖwkÿ‡Yi gwWDj/g¨vbyqvj cÖYqb, cÖwkÿ‡Yi Av‡qvRb;
N. RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †ev‡W©i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM iÿv K‡i cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg, wkLb mvgMÖx, m¤ú~iK cVb
mvgMÖx, wkÿK wb‡`©wkKv BZ¨vw` cÖYqb I we¯ÍiY;
62
O. wm-Bb-GW/wW‡cøvgv Bb GWz‡Kkb cÖwkÿY msµvšÍ hveZxq KvR m¤úv`b;
P. AvBwmwU-Bb-GWz‡Kkb, Competency Based Test Item, Teacher Support Network (TSN) welqK
cÖwkÿY Kvh©µg cwiKíbv I ev¯Íevqb;
Q. cÖavb wkÿKM‡Yi we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbv I GKv‡WwgK mycviwfkb I wjWvikxc cÖwkÿY, welqwfwËK cÖwkÿY,
bewbhy³ wkÿK‡ì Rb¨ BbWvKkb cÖwkÿY cÖf…wZi g¨vbyqvj cÖYqb I cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbv;
R. wcwUAvB I BDAviwm-Gi Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvix‡ì UvBg‡¯‥j, wm‡jKkb †MÖW, †cbkb, MÖvPzBwU, c‡`vbœwZ, e`wj
BZ¨vw` cÖkvmwbK welqvw`|
4. cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb wefvM
cwiPvjK (cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb)-Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi Ges gvV ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv ev¯Íevqb KvR
cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb Kiv nq| cwiPvjK (cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb) 2 Rb DccwiPvjK, 4 Rb mnKvix cwiPvjK, wkÿv
Awdmvi, M‡elYv Awdmvi, cwimsL¨vb Kg©KZ©v Ges Ab¨vb¨ Kg©Pvwi‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb wefv‡Mi
mKj KvR m¤úv`b K‡ib| cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb wefv‡M wbgœewY©Z Kvh©µgmg~n m¤úv`b Kiv nq :
K. evwl©K cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq ïgvwi, wkÿvµgwfwËK RvZxq wkÿv_©x g~j¨vqb Ges evwl©K Kg© m¤úv`b cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb;
L. we`¨vjq †_‡K cÖavb Kvh©vjq ch©šÍ djvdjwfwËK eë¯ vcbv Kvh©µg(RBM-Result Based
Management)cÖvwZôvwbKxKiY;
M. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi evwl©K cvidi‡gÝ Pzw³ (APA-Annual Performance Agreement)-Gi Av‡jv‡K cwiexÿY I
g~j¨vqb Kvh©µg cwigvR©b I cwiPvjb;
N. mg‡qi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx we`¨vjq I Awdm cwi`k©b QK cwigvR©b Ges cwi`k©b MvBWeyK cÖYqb;
O. gš¿x cwil` wefvM, cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq GesAb¨vb¨ wefv‡Mi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx Z_¨vw` mieivnKiY;
5. cwjwm I Acv‡ikb wefvM

cwiPvjK (cwjwm I Acv‡ikb)-Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi Ges gvV ch©v‡q g~jZ miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q
cÖv_wgK wkÿv ev¯Íevqb KvR cwiPvwjZ nq| cwiPvjK (cwjwm I Acv‡ikb) 3 Rb DccwiPvjK Ges 6 Rb mnKvix
cwiPvj‡Ki mn‡hvwMZvq cwjwm I Acv‡ikb wefv‡Mi mKj KvR m¤úv`b K‡ib| cwjwm I Acv‡ikb wefv‡M cÖvK-
cÖv_wgK †mj, BbK¬zwmf †mj I we`¨vjq kvLvi gva¨‡g wbgœewY©Z Kvh©µgmg~n m¤úv`b Kiv nq :
K. miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q wkÿ‡Ki bZzb c` m„wói D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ges wkÿK wb‡qvM msµvšÍ hveZxq KvR;
L. miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK‡ì AvšÍtwefvM e`wjmn wkÿK‡ì ewntevsjv‡`k QywU, D”P wkÿv, Aa¨qb
QywUmn cÖvmw½K cÖkvmwbK Kvh©µg m¤úv`b|
M. miKvwi cªv_wgK we`¨vj‡q cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv, GKxf~Z wkÿv, we`¨vj‡qi Rwg msµvšÍ RwUjZv wbimb I
cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q 100 fvM wkï fwZ© msµvšÍ Kvh©µg m¤úv`b|
N. AvšÍtcÖv_wgK we`¨vjq µxov I mvs¯‥…wZK cÖwZ‡hvwMZv ev¯Íevqb |
O. mgv‡R wcwQ‡q cov nZ `wi`ª, cÖwZeÜx, ÿz`ª b„‡Mvôx I †g‡q wkï‡ì cÖv_wgK wkÿvi g~j †¯ªvZavivq
m¤ú„³KiY msµvšÍ bxwZgvjv, MvBW jvBb, BZ¨vw` cÖYq‡b mnvqZv cÖ`vb|
P. AwURg welqK hveZxq Kvh©vewj cwiPvjbvq mnvqZv cÖ`vb|
63
6. A_© I msMÖn wefvM
cwiPvjK (A_© I msMÖn)-Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi Ges gvV ch©v‡q Avw_©K eë¯ vcbvi KvR cwiPvwjZ nq|
cwiPvjK (A_© I msMÖn) 3 Rb DccwiPvjK, 4 Rb mnKvix cwiPvjK, wnmveiÿY Kg©KZ©v, mnKvix wnmveiÿY
Kg©KZ©v Ges Ab¨vb¨ Kg©Pvix‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq A_© I msMÖn wefv‡Mi mKj KvR m¤úv`b K‡ib| cwjwm I Acv‡ikb
wefv‡M A_© (Dbœqb kvLv), A_© (ivR¯^ kvLv) I AwWU kvLvi gva¨‡g wbgœewY©Z Kvh©µgmg~n m¤úv`b Kiv nq :
K. evwl©K ivR¯^ ev‡RU cÖYqb, wefvRb I eivÏKiY msµvšÍ Kvh©vewj;
L. Dbœqb I Abybœqb (ivR¯^) Lv‡Zi A_© QvoKiYmn wRIwe I wcG LvZ mswkøó‡ì mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM iÿv;
M. Dbœqb I Abybœqb (ivR¯^) Lv‡Zi wnmve c„_Kfv‡e msiÿY Kiv| G Qvov K¨vk eB I e¨vs‡Ki wnmve msiÿY
Kiv;
N. wba©vwiZ di‡g Avq I e¨‡qi evwl©K, Aa©-evwl©K I •ÎgvwmK weeiYx •Zwi Ges Zv cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv
gš¿Yvjq, cwiKíbv Kwgkb I Dbœqb mn‡hvMx‡ì wbKU †cÖiY|
O. hvbevnb, Awdm miÄvg, Awdm Avbylw½K µq I weZiYmn mKj cÖKvi µq msµvšÍ Kvh© m¤úv`b|
P. AwWU msµvšÍ hveZxq KvR m¤úv`b, Z_¨ msiÿY Ges Af¨šÍixY AwWU wm‡÷g †Rvi`viKiY|
Q. msMÖn cwiKíbv cÖYqb, ÷¨vÛvW© ìcÎ weÁwß •Zwi, KvwiMix bgybv cÖ¯Z
‧ , mfv Avnevb, ìcÎ g~j¨vqb Ges
Zzjbvg~jK weeiYx •Zwi|
R. miKv‡ii cÖPwjZ wbqg wewa Abyhvqx Dbœqb mn‡hvMx‡ì mv‡_ FY Pzw³KiY|
7. Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv wefvM

GgAvBGm †mj wn‡m‡e wcBwWwc-1 G me©cÖ_g GKwU Kw¤úDUvivBRW Z_¨ eë¯ vcbv †mj cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb
wefv‡Mi Aax‡b m„wó Kiv nq| cieZx©‡Z wcBwWwc 3-Gi AvIZvq 2015 mv‡j D³ †mj‡K Z_¨ eë¯ vcbv wefvM bv‡g
c„_K GKwU wefv‡M DbœxZ Kiv nq| wm‡óg g¨v‡bRvi/cwiPvjK (AvBGgwW)-Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi Ges
gvV ch©v‡q Z_¨ eë¯ vcbvi KvR cwiPvwjZ nq| 1 Rb cwiPvjK/wm‡÷g g¨v‡bRvi, 2 Rb wmwbqi wm‡÷g Gbvwj÷, 2
Rb wm‡÷g Gbvwj÷, 1 Rb †gB‡›Ub¨vÝ BÄwbqvi Ges 2 Rb †cÖvMÖvgvimn Ab¨vb¨ Kg©KZ©v Kg©Pvix‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq
Z_¨ eë¯ vcbv wefv‡Mi mKj KvR m¤úbœ Kiv nq| G wefv‡M wbgœewY©Z Kvh©µgmg~n m¤úv`b Kiv nq :
K. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ eë¯ vcbv, †bUIqvK© ¯ vcb I iÿYv‡eÿY, †bUIqv©‡Ki wbivcËv weavb, mdUIq¨vi
cÖYqb, iÿYv‡eÿY I Dbœqb, I‡qemvBU Dbœqb I iÿYv‡eÿY Ges AvBwmwU ev¯Íevq‡b †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb Kiv|
L. eënviKvix hv‡Z wm‡÷‡g iwÿZ Z_¨ bó I A‣eafv‡e cwieZ©b, cwiea©b Ki‡Z bv cv‡i wKsev †Kv‡bv
`yN©Ubvi gva¨‡g ÿwZMÖ¯  bv nq †m ai‡bi wbivcËv msµvšÍ wbqg bxwZ cÖYqb I ev¯Íevq‡bi c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv|
M. wm‡÷‡g iwÿZ Z‡_ï †MvcbxqZv iÿvi †K․kj Aby‡gv`b Kiv Ges Zv ev¯Íevqb Kiv|
N. wm‡÷‡gi Av`k© Kvh©KvwiZv g~j¨vqb (Performance Evaluation) Ges †m Abyhvqx m¤ú` eÈb/cybteÈb
(Resource Mobilization) Gi gva¨‡g Kw¤úDUvi I Ab¨vb¨ m¤ú`mg~‡ni h_vh_ eënvi wbwðZ Kiv;
O. Kw¤úDUvi, mvf©vi Ges †bUIqvK© m¤úwK©Z hš¿vs‡ki cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ges cwiKíbv Abyhvqx msMÖn, mieivn
I cÖwZ¯ vc‡bi eë¯ v MÖnY Kiv Ges wm‡÷‡gi AvaywbKvqb Kiv|
P. I‡qe mvBU †iwR‡÷ªkb I Internet ms‡hvM Ges GZ`msµvšÍ Kvh©µgmg~n ZË¡veavb I wbqš¿Y Kiv|
Q. Awa`ßi I gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©v/Kg©Pvixe„‡›ì K¨vcvwmwU wewìs Kvh©µ‡gi cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb I g~j¨vqb Kiv|
(&Z_¨m~Î : cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvix‡ì Kg©eÈb-2016)
64
(gnvcwiPvjK)
AwZwi³ gnvcwiPvjK
cwiKíbv I cwjwm I cwiexÿY I Z_¨ eë¯ vcbv

cÖkvmb wefvM Dbœqb wefvM cÖwkÿvY wefvM A_© I msMÖn wefvM wefvM
Acv‡ikb wefvM g~j¨vqb wefvM
cwiKíbv I cÖvK cÖv_wgK A_© (Dbœqb)

cÖkvmb kvLv cÖwkÿY kvLv
Dbœqb kvLv †mj kvLv
BbK¬zwmf †mj cvV¨µg I A_© (ivR¯^)

mvaviY w¯øc I
M‡elYv kvLv kvLv
cÖkvmb kvLv BD‡cc †mj
we`¨vjq kvLv
AwWU kvLv
wb‡qvM kvLv
eB weZiY
kvLv
Z`šÍ I
k„•Ljv kvLv
AvBb †mj
65
4.2 : RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg (†bc), DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv ey¨‡iv I
wefvMxq DccwiPvj‡Ki `ßi, cÖv_wgK wkÿv
RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg (†bc)
GB cÖwZôvbwU 1969 m‡b gqgbwms‡n Rywbqi †Uªwbs K‡jR (†RwUwm) wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ nq| cÖwZwôZ nIqvi ci GLv‡b
2 ermi †gqvw` B›UviwgwW‡qU Bb GWz‡Kkb (AvB GW) †Kvm© cwiPvwjZ nq| gnvb ¯^vaxbZvi ci 1972 mv‡j G
cÖwZôvbwU K‡jR Ae GWz‡Kkb bv‡g hvÎv ïiæ K‡i Ges 3 eQi †gqvw` e¨v‡Pji Ae AvU©m Bb GWz‡Kkb (weG Bb
GWz‡Kkb) †Kvm© Pvjy nq| 1978 mv‡j K‡jR Ae GWz‡KkbwU Ô†g․wjK wkÿv GKv‡WwgÕ (Academy for
Fundamental Education) bv‡g cÖwZwôZ nq| cÖwZôvjMœ †_‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Dbœq‡b gvV ch©v‡q Kg©iZ
Kg©KZ©ve„‡›ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv e„w×, wkÿv eë¯ vcbv I ZË¡veavb Ges M‡elYv welqK cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i hv‡”Q|
cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Dbœq‡bi ¸iæ‡Z¡i cÖwZ AvšÍRv© wZK `„wó AvKl©Y Kivi Rb¨ 1983 m‡b G cÖwZôvbwUi bvg cwieZ©b K‡i
National Academy for Primary Education (NAPE) ivLv nq| evsjvq GwU‡K RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg
ejv nq| `xN© mgq †cwi‡q †bc eZ©gv‡b cÖv_wgK wkÿv †ÿ‡Î GKgvÎ RvZxq cÖwkÿY I M‡elYv cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e ¯ vb
K‡i wb‡q‡Q| 2004 mv‡ji 1 A‡±vei †_‡K GKv‡Wwg ¯^vqËkvwmZ cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i| gnvcwiPvjK-Gi
cÖavb wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v| wb‡¤œ RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwgi cÖwZôvi D‡Ïk¨ I Kvh©µg wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡jvÑ
D‡Ïk¨ :
cÖwkÿY I M‡elYv Kg©m~wP cwiPvjbvi gva¨‡g cÖwkÿK Ges wkÿKM‡Yi m‡e©v”P †ckvMZ gvb I †hvM¨Zv wbwðZ K‡i
gvbm¤§Z cÖv_wgK wkÿv ev¯Íevqb|
D‡jøwLZ D‡Ïk¨ ev¯Íevq‡b †bc wb¤œwjwLZ Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q :

1. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kg©KZ©v,ZË¡veavqK Ges wkÿK-cÖwkÿKe„‡›ì Rb¨ PvKzixKvjxb ¯^í †gqvw` Ges `xN© †gqvw`
†ckvMZ cÖwkÿ‡Yi eë¯ v Kiv|
2. cÖv_wgK wkÿv I cÖv_wgK wkÿK-cÖwkÿ‡Yi Dbœ&q‡b G¨vKkb wimvP© cwiPvjbv Kiv|
3. wcwUAvB Gi cÖwkÿY Kvh©µ‡gi gvb-Dbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ cÖwkÿY mvgMÖx I g‡Wj •Zwi Kiv|
4. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Dbœq‡b cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© †Ìqv|
5. cÖv_wgK wkÿK-cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì wm-Bb-GW cixÿv cwiPvjbv I mb` cÖ`vb Kiv|
6. cÖv_wgK wkÿK-cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì wWwcGW cixÿv cwiPvjbv Kiv|
7. cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi I Ab¨vb¨ cÖwkÿY cÖwZôv‡bi mnvqZvq †b‡ci Kvh©µg
cwiPvjbv Kiv|
8. gvV ch©v‡qi wkÿv Awdm I cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi Kvh©µg g~j¨vqb I gwbUi Kiv|
9. wm-Bb-GW KvwiKzjvg ms‡kvab I cwigvR©b Kiv|
10. AvBBAvi, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq Gi mv‡_ †h․_fv‡e wWwcGW KvwiKzjvg ms‡kvab I cwigvR©b Kiv|
11. cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvcbx cixÿvi †hvM¨ZvwfwËK cÖkcœ Î KvVv‡gv ‣Zwi I cÖkc
œ Î cÖYqb Kiv|
ewY©Z Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv I GKv‡WwgK `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Rb¨ 7wU Abyl` i‡q‡Q| Abyl`¸‡jv n‡”Q-
1. cwiKíbv I eë¯ vcbv Abyl`
2. †Uw÷s GÛ Bfvjy‡qkb Abyl`
3. M‡elYv I KvwiKzjvg Dbœ&qb Abyl`
4. weÁvb I MwYZ Abyl`
5. mgvR weÁvb Abyl`
6. gwbUwis I mycviwfkb Abyl`
7. fvlv Abyl`
66
Rbej
RvZxq cÖ_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwgi cÖavb wbe©vnx wn‡m‡e i‡q‡Qb GKRb gnvcwiPvjK| Zvui Aax‡b 2 Rb Dc-cwiPvjK
(cÖkvmb Ges g~j¨vqb), 7 Rb EaŸ©Zb we‡klÁ, 11 Rb we‡klÁ I 22 Rb mnKvwi we‡klÁ i‡q‡Qb| GQvov 1 Rb
†cÖvMÖvgvi, 1 Rb cixÿv wbqš¿K, 1 Rb mnKvix cixÿv wbqš¿K, 1 Rb kvixwiK wkÿv BÝUªv±i I 1 Rb wnmveiÿY
Kg©KZv© Ges Z…Zxq I PZz_© †kÖwYi 38 Rb Kg©Pvix i‡q‡Qb| Abyl` m`m¨MY wewfbœfv‡e gnvcwiPvjK‡K mn‡hvwMZv
cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡Kb|
gnvcwiPvj‡Ki `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨
1. RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwgi Avqb-e¨qb Kg©KZ©v wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv|
2. cÖavb cÖkvmK wn‡m‡e GKv‡Wwgi mvwe©K cÖkvmb cwiPvjbv Kiv|
3. GKv‡Wwgi Rb¨ †K․kjMZ bxwZ wba©vi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î gš¿Yvjq‡K civgk© cÖ`vb Kiv|
4. mg‡q mg‡q miKvi KZ…©K RvixK…Z G¨v±, Aa¨v‡`k, wewa wb‡`©k cÖwZcvjb Kiv|
5. GKv‡Wwgi mvwe©K k„•Ljv iÿv Kiv|
6. GKv‡Wwgi Aat¯Íb Kg©KZ©v/Kg©Pvix‡ì wbqš¿Y Kiv|
7. GKv‡Wwgi KvR wbqš¿Y I ZË¡veavb Kiv|
8. Abyl` m`m¨ wb‡q gv‡m Kgc‡ÿ GKwU wgwUs Kiv|
9. Aat¯Íb Kg©KZ©v/Kg©Pvixi •bwgwËK QzwU gÄyi Kiv|
10. Aat¯Íb Kg©KZ©v/Kg©Pvix‡ì `vwqZ¡ eÈb Kiv|
11. Aat¯Íb Kg©KZ©v e„‡›ì evwl©K †Mvcbxq Aby‡e`b cÖ¯Z
‧ Kiv Ges cÖwZ¯^vÿi Kiv|
12. gvV ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kg©KZ©v‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv e„w×, eë¯ vcbv, cÖkvmb I g~j¨vqb welqK
cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbv Kiv|
13. wewfbœ cÖwkÿY †Kvm© cwiPvjbvq Abyl` m`m¨‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv|
14. M‡elYv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv|
15. GKv‡Wwg †_‡K cÖKvwkZ †h †Kv‡bv g¨vbyqvj, gWy¨j I cwÎKvi cÖavb c„ô‡cvlK wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb
Kiv|
16. GKv‡Wwgi Dbœqb K‡í KZ…c
© ÿ eivei cÖ¯Íve †ck Ges Aby‡gvw`Z Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq
c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv|
17. GKv‡Wwgi evwl©K Kg©cwiKíbv cÖ¯Z
‧ I Zv ev¯Íevqb Kiv|
18. c`vwaKvi e‡j wm-Bb-GW †ev‡W©i †Pqvig¨v‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv|
19. gš¿Yvjq/miKvi KZ…©K Awc©Z †h †Kv‡bv `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv|
67
cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖwkÿ‡Yi †ÿ‡Î RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡L P‡j‡Q| GUv GKwU m¤ú~Y©
AvevwmK cÖwkÿY cÖwZôvb| Avevmb myweavmn wZbwU †nv‡÷j I GKwU wfAvBwc AwZw_ febI i‡q‡Q| GKv‡Wwgi
cÖwkÿY feb msjMœ GKwU mymw¾Z Ges 15 nvRvi wewfbœ ai‡bi cy¯ÍK mg„× jvB‡eªwi i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b nvRv‡ii Ici
wewfbœ ai‡bi Rvb©vj i‡q‡Q| cÖwkÿY, M‡elYv, ZË¡veavb msµvšÍ cÖPzi miKvwi cÖKvkbv,PvU©,AwWI wfRyqvj DcKiY
i‡q‡Q G jvB‡eªwi‡Z| †bc Abyl` m`m¨mn wewfbœ cÖwkÿ‡Y AvMZ cÖwkÿYv_x©e„›` mgq my‡hvM g‡Zv jvB‡eªwi eënvi
Ki‡Z cv‡ib| evowZ my‡hvM wn‡m‡e i‡q‡Q 5Ñ6wU •`wbK cwÎKvmn wewfbœ mvgwqKx| AvaywbK my‡hvM myweavi g‡a¨
i‡q‡Q B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvMmn my-mw¾Z Kw¤úDUvi j¨ve|
DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv ey¨‡iv (Bureau of Non-formal Education, BNFE)

cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv ey¨‡ivi cÖavb n‡”Qb gnvcwiPvjK| PviwU cÖKí I GKwU
KvwiMwi mnvqZv cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g ey¨‡ivi †K›`ªxq Kvh©vjq I †Rjv ch©v‡q ey¨‡iv Awd‡mi gva¨‡g †g․wjK wkÿv we¯Ívi I
Ae¨vnZ wkÿv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i| RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK A½xKvi c~i‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ miKvi 2005 mv‡j ivR¯^ Lv‡Z
DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv ey¨‡iv m„wó K‡i| Gi Kvh©µ‡gi g‡a¨ Av‡Q :
(K) eÿ‡iv mswkøó †emiKvwi ms¯ vi DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv Kg©m~wPi gvV ch©v‡qi Kvh©µ‡gi mvwe©K Z`viwK, wkÿv_©x‡ì
cv‡Vi AMÖMwZ hvPvB Kiv Ges ÎæwU-wePy¨wZ cwijwÿZ n‡j ms‡kva‡bi eë¯ v MÖnY Kiv;
(L) †Rjv I RvZxq ch©v‡q wewfbœ wkÿvg~jK Abyôv‡b AskMÖnY Ges mvgvwRK DØy×Ki‡Yi gva¨‡g MYwkÿv Kvh©µg
m¤ú‡K© RbmvaviY‡K AewnZKiY|
DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv ey¨‡ivi wfkb, wgkb, jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨
K) wfkb :
mvsweavwbK A½xKvi mgybœZ ivL‡Z mKj bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ wkÿvi my‡hvM m„wó Ges mvgvwRK mvg¨ cÖwZôvi j‡ÿ¨
wbR¯^ ÿgZv‡K cwic~Y©iƒ‡c weKwkZ K‡i cwievi I m¤úª`v‡qi Kvh©Ki m`mïƒ‡c Ges GKwesk kZvãxi P¨v‡jÄ
†gvKvwejvq Zv‡ì‡K Drcv`bÿg I `vwqZ¡evb bvMwiK wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjv|
L) wgkb :
AvbyôvwbK wkÿvi my‡hvM n‡Z ewÂZ Ges we‡kl Pvwn`v m¤úbœ wkï, hyeK I eq¯‥‡ì Rxebgvb Dbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨
Zv‡ì Rb¨ Rxebe¨vcx wkÿvi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv Ges mvÿiZv, †g․wjK wkÿv I `ÿZv, cÖwkÿY Ges h_vh_ I
gvbm¤§Z wkÿvi my‡hvM m„wói gva¨‡g Zv‡ì ch©vß Ávb, Drcv`bgyLx `ÿZv I RxebgyLx `ÿZv msµvšÍ cÖwkÿY
cÖ`vb|
M) jÿ¨ :
RvZxq Kg© cwiKíbv-2 (2004-2015) Ges `vwi`ª we‡gvPb †K․kjcÎ Abyhvqx 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨ wbiÿiZvi nvi
50% fv‡M n«vmKi‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ KwgDwbwU wkLb †K‡›`ªi GKwU †bUIqvK© ¯ vcb K‡i Kvh©Ki `ÿZv-cÖwkÿY, Ae¨vnZ
wkÿv I Rxebe¨vcx wkLb cÖwµqvi my‡hvM m„wói gva¨‡g Ômevi Rb¨ wkÿvÕi jÿ¨gvÎv AR©b Ges `vwi`ª we‡gvPb|
68
mywbw`©ó jÿ¨mg~n :
wkï,wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix I hyeK-hyeZx‡ì AMÖvwaKvi cÖ`vbc~e©K
1. m¤¢ve¨ myweav‡fvwMi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx gvbm¤§Z I DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv Ges `ÿZv-cÖwkÿ‡Yi eë¯ vKiY;
2. wkÿv Ges `ÿZv-cÖwkÿY cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g e¨w³ Ges †Mvwô‡K Avqm„Rbx I RxebgyLx Kg©Kv‡Ð m¤ú„³ Kivi gva¨‡g
¯^wbf©i, Drcv`bkxj Ges ÿgZvevb bvMwi‡K cwiYZKiY:
3. miKvwi, †emiKvwi ms¯ v I mykxj mgv‡Ri mgš^‡q cwiPvjbv, ev¯Íevqb, cwiexÿY, g~j¨vqb BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î GKwU
mgw¯^Z Kg©cš v wba©vi‡Yi gva¨‡g wbiÿiZv, `vwi`ª I gvbem¤ú` Dbœqb;
4. DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv mve-†m±i cwiPvjbv I eë¯ vbvi Rb¨ GKwU cÖwZôvb ¯ vcb; Ges
5. wkÿv_©x, ¯ vbxq ms¯ v,‡emiKvwi ms¯ v, KwgDwbwUwfwËK ms¯ v Ges ¯ vbxq RbmvaviY‡K m¤ú„³ K‡i GKwU
we‡K›`ªxf~Z eë¯ v Pvjy Kivi gva¨‡g ¯ vbxq Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ gvwjKvbv‡eva m„wó, DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv Kg©m~wP I
KvVv‡gvi ¯ vwqZ¡ wbwðZ Kiv Ges Rxebe¨vcx wkL‡bi my‡hvM m„wó|
N) D‡Ïk¨ :
DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv mve-†m±i‡K kw³kvjx Kivi j‡ÿ¨ miKvi DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv AvBb 2014 gnvb RvZxq msm‡`
cvm K‡i‡Q| G AvB‡bi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡”QÑ
 wkÿvi my‡hvM ewÂZ Rb‡Mvwô‡K mvÿi Ávb `vb,
 Rxebe¨vcx wkÿvi my‡hvM m„wó,
 KvwiMwi I e„wËg~jK cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g RxweKvqb, `ÿ gvbe m¤ú‡` cwiYZKiY,
 AvZ¥-Kg©ms¯ v‡bi †hvM¨Zv m„wóKiY
 we`¨vjq ewnf~©Z I S‡i cov wkï‡ì wkÿvi weKí my‡hvM m„wóKiY|
DcvbyôvwbK wkÿvi cwiwa :

DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv Kg©Kv‡Ð wkï wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix Ges hyeK-hyeZx‡Zi AMÖvwaKvi †Ìqv n‡e| gvbwmK I kvixwiK
cÖwZeÜx wkï I hyeK-hyeZx‡ì cÖwZ we‡kl jÿ¨ †i‡L mKj ai‡bi myweav ewÂZ‡ì †hgb: DcRvZxq, `yM©g
(nvIo,Pi I DcK‚jxq GjvKvevmx), `y¯  (†hgbÑ c_wkï,Kg©Rxex wkï) Ges Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bvfv‡e myweav ewÂZ‡ì
Rb¨ we‡kl wkÿvi my‡hvM m„wó|
DcvbyôvwbK wkÿvi cwiwa wb¤œiƒc :

(K) cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv;
(L) †h mKj wkï wewfbœ Kvi‡Y cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q wkÿvi my‡hvM jv‡f ewÂZ n‡q‡Q Zv‡ì Rb¨ DcvbyôvwbK wkÿvi
gva¨‡g weKí avivi †g․wjK wkÿvi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv;
(M) wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix, 16-24 eQi Ges cuwP‡kva© eqmx hviv KL‡bv cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q fwZ© nqwb A_ev S‡o c‡o‡Q
DcvbyôvwbK †g․wjK wkÿv cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì Rb¨ wkÿvi wØZxq my‡hvM m„wó;
(N) mKj ai‡bi Ae¨vnZ wkÿvi my‡hvM m„wói gva¨‡g Rxebe¨vcx wkL‡bi my‡hvM m„wó Ges
(O) DcvbyôvwbK avivq e„wËg~jK, D‡`¨v³v Dbœqb Ges Kg©ms¯ vbg~jK cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb Ges ÿz`ªFY cÖvwß‡Z mnvqZv
cÖ`vb|
(Z_¨m~Î : DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv ey¨‡iv, cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq)

69
DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv ey¨‡ivi mvsMvVwbK KvVv‡gv:
gnvcwiPvjK
cwiPvjK (cÖkvmb, A_©, jwRw÷K, cwiPvjK

cÖwkÿY I ev¯Íevqb) (cwiKíbv, cwiexÿY, g~j¨vqb I GgAvBGm)
Dc-cwiPvjK (cÖkvmb, A_©, Dc-cwiPvjK (cwiKíbv,

jwRw÷K) cwiexÿY, g~j¨vqb)
Dc-cwiPvjK
(cÖwkÿY I ev¯Íevqb)
mnKvwi cwiPvjK mnKvwi cwiPvjK
(cÖkvmb) (A_© I jwRw÷K) mnKvwi †cÖvMÖvgvi
mn:cwiPvjK
(cwiKíbv)
mn:cwiPvjK (cwiKíbv,
cwiexÿY, g~j¨vqb)
mn: cwiPvjK mn:cwiPvjK
(cÖwkÿY) (ev¯Íevqb)
†Rjv DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv

eÿ‡iv
mn;cwiPvjK
Awdm mnKvwi Kvg Kw¤ú:

Acv‡iUi
70
wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvj‡Ki `ßi, cÖv_wgK wkÿv :
evsjv‡`‡k cÖkvmwbK 8wU wefv‡M 8wU cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó wefvMxq DccwiPvj‡Ki Kvh©vjq i‡q‡Q| 8 Rb
DccwiPvjK D³ wefvMmg~‡ni cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ wb‡qvwRZ| wefv‡Mi Aaxb †Rjv
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdm, cÖvBgvwi wUPvm© †Uªwbs Bbw÷wUDU, Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdm, Dc‡Rjv wi‡mvm© †m›Uvi Ges wefv‡Mi
AvIZvi mKj miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi Kvh©µ‡g †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb, eë¯ vcbv, ZË¡veavb, cwi`k©b I wbqš¿K wn‡m‡e
wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvjKMY `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i _v‡Kb|
wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvjK‡K `vßwiK Kv‡R mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ 1 Rb mnKvix cwiPvjK, 2 Rb wkÿv Awdmvi Ges †ek
K‡qKRb 3q I 4_© †kÖwYi Kg©Pvix i‡q‡Qb| wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvj‡Ki c`wU cÖv_wgK wkÿvi GKwU AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
c`| wefvMxq DccwiPvj‡Ki Awa‡ÿ‡Î mywbw`©ó f~wgKv, `vwqZ¡ Ges KZ©e¨ Av‡Q| cÖv_wgK wkÿv †ÿ‡Î Zuvi f~wgKv,
`vwqZ¡ Ges KZ©e¨mg~‡ni wel‡q wZwb EaŸ©Zb KZ©„c‡ÿi wbKU `vqe×| cª‡Z¨K wefvMxq kn‡i Dc-cwiPvj‡Ki wbR¯^
Awdm feb i‡q‡Q|
D‡jøL¨, wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvj‡Ki `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ mve BDwbU 5.1 G we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
(Drm : cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvj‡qi wb‡`©kgvjv 2014-Gi 7bs wb‡`©k Abymv‡i cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvj‡qi Kg©KZ©v‡ì
Kg©eÈb, www.mopme.gov.bd, Website of MOPME.)
4.3 : †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdm I cÖvBgvwi wUPvm© †Uªwbs BÝwUwUDU (wcwUAvB)
†Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdm
eZ©gv‡b †`‡ki 64wU †Rjvq 64wU †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdm i‡q‡Q| †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi Gi cÖavb wbe©vnx
Kg©KZ©v|Zv‡K mn‡hvwMZv Kivi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q `yÕRb mnKvix †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi, GKRb gwbUwis Awdmvi
(Dce„wË cÖKí), GKRb mnKvix gwbUwis Awdmvi, GKRb Kw¤úDUvi Acv‡iUi, GKRb cÖavb mnKvix, GKRb
K¨vwkqvi, 4 Rb Awdm mnKvix Kvg Kw¤úDUvi Acv‡iUi, GKRb Awdm mnvqK Ges GKRb WªvBfvi i‡q‡Q|
†Rjvi cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ hveZxq cÖkvmwbK ZË¡veavb I wkÿv m¤úwK©Z `vwqZ¡ †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi‡KB
cvjb Ki‡Z nq| †Rjvi AvIZvaxb Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdm Ges mKj miKvix cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi Kvh©µ‡g †bZ…Z¡
cÖ`vb, ZË¡veavb, cwi`k©b I wbqš¿K wn‡m‡e †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv AwdmviMY †Rjv ch©v‡q ‘Key Person’ wn‡m‡e
`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i _v‡Kb| cÖ‡Z¨K †Rjv kn‡i †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmv‡ii wbR¯Âwdm feb i‡q‡Q|
D‡jøL¨, †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmv‡ii `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ mve BDwbU 5.1 G we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖvBgvwi wUPvm© †Uªwbs BÝwUwUDU (wcwUAvB)

cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK-wkwÿKv‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv e„w×i mv‡_ wkÿY Kvh©µ‡g h_vh_ Ae`vb ivL‡Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi
†Kv‡bv weKí †bB| cÖwkÿY cÖ`v‡bi G KvRwU †h cÖwZôvb m¤úv`b Ki‡Q †mwU n‡jv cÖvBgvwi wUPvm© †Uªwbs Bbw÷wUDU,
ms‡ÿ‡c wcwUAvB|
cÖwZôvbwU m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbvi c~‡e© wcwUAvB Gi mswÿß BwZnvm Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb| †hgb-
 1854 mv‡j D‡Wi †Wmcv‡Pi mycvwik Abyhvqx G‡`‡k †MÖ‡WW ¯‥zj Pvjy nq| ZLb cÖv_wgK wkÿv‡K `yfv‡M
fvM Kiv nq| †hgb- wb¤œ cÖv_wgK (1g I 2q †kÖwY) Ges D”P cÖv_wgK (3q I 4_© †kÖwY)| G mKj
we`¨vj‡q hviv wkÿKZv Ki‡Zb, ZLbI wKš‧ Zv‡ì †Kv‡bv cÖwkÿ‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q GgbwU Abyf~Z
nqwb|
71
 1902 mv‡j me©cÖ_g ¸iæ †Uªwbs (wRwU) ¯‥zj cÖwZwôZ nq| G ¯‥z‡j `yRb g¨vwUªK wf Gg (fvb©vKzjvi
gvóvikxc) wkÿK KvR Ki‡Zb| Zvi GKRb‡K ejv n‡Zv †nW cwÐZ Ges AciRb‡K ejv n‡Zv mnKvix
cwÐZ| G mKj ¯‥z‡ji wkÿK I wkÿv_©x‡ì wkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zv Kg _vKvq cÖwkÿY m¤úwK©Z ZvwË¡K
Av‡jvPbvi MfxiZv wQj Kg| Ab¨w`‡K G¸‡jv‡Z eënvwiK Kv‡Ri Dci AwaK †Rvi †Ìqv n‡Zv|
 1944 m‡b 45-55 wRwU ¯‥zj‡K cÖvBgvwi †Uªwbs (wcwU) ¯‥z‡j iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv nq Ges K‡qKwU byZb
cÖvBgvwi †Uªwbs (wcwU) †m›Uvi †Lvjv nq| wcwU ¯‥zj I wcwU †m›Uv‡ii wkÿvµg I cvV¨m~wP wRwU ¯‥z‡ji
wkÿvµg I cvV¨m~wPi Abyiƒc wQj|
 wcwU ¯‥zj¸‡jv‡Z wewU wWwMÖmn GKRb MÖvRy‡qU wkÿK _vK‡Zb, Ab¨w`‡K wcwU †m›Uvi¸‡jv ¯ vwcZ nq wKQy
msL¨K wbe©vwPZ nvB ¯‥z‡j| mswkøó nvB ¯‥z‡ji cÖavb wkÿK H †m›Uv‡ii Bb-PvR© _vK‡Zb| 1947 m‡b
ZvrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b wcwU ¯‥zj I wcwU †m›Uv‡ii msL¨v wQj †gvU 86wU|
 wcwU ¯‥zj I wcwU †m›Uvi¸‡jv wkÿK cÖwkÿY cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e mgv‡Ri Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Dc‡hvMx we‡ewPZ bv
nIqvq c~e©e½ wkÿv eë¯ v c~bM©Vb KwgwU 1949 Gi mycvwik Abyhvqx Gme ¯‥z‡ji ¯ ‡j cÖvBgvwi †Uªwbs
BbwówUDU (wcwUAvB) ¯ vc‡bi Kvh©µg nv‡Z †bq|
 1951 mvj †_‡K G Kvh©µg ïiæ n‡q eZ©gvb ch©šÍ †`‡k 67wU miKvwi Ges 1wU †emiKvwimn †gvU
wcwUAvB‡qi msL¨v 68wU| Z‡e 1996 mv‡j miKvi GK cÖÁvc‡bi gva¨‡g G cÖwZôvb‡K cÖvBgvwi wUPvm©
†Uªwbs Bbw÷wUDU (wcwUAvB) bvgKiY K‡ib|
†h mKj D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ wcwUAvB¸‡jv cÖwZôv Kiv nq Zv wb¤œiƒc:

 PvKwiiZ cÖwkÿY wenxb cÖv_wgK wkÿK-wkwÿKv‡ì Rb¨ PvKwiKvjxb GK eQi †gqvw` wm.B.GW cÖwkÿY I
18gvm e¨vwc wWwcGW †Kvm© cwiPvjbvi eë¯ v Kiv|
 PvKwiiZ wkÿK-wkwÿKv‡ì Rb¨ ¯^íKvjxb cÖwkÿ‡Yi eë¯ v Kiv|
 cÖv_wgK wkÿvi gv‡bvbœq‡b G¨vKkb wimvP© Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv|
 gvbm¤§Z cÖv_wgK wkÿvi mdj ev¯Íevq‡bi wewfbœ cÖK‡íi AvIZvq M„wnZ cÖwkÿY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi mvwe©K
mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Kiv|
 cÖwkÿY
wcwUAvB‡Z 1979 mvj †_‡K GK eQi †gqvw` mvwU©wd‡KU-Bb-GWz‡Kkb ev wm.Bb.GW †Kvm©wU Pvjy Kiv
n‡qwQj| wm.Bb.GW †Kvm©wU cieZ©xKv‡j 1992 Ges 2001 mv‡j cwigvwR©Z nq|cwigvwR©Z †Kv‡m© mwµq
wkLb/Kg©‡Kw›`ªK/wkï‡Kw›`ªK wkL‡bi K_v ejv n‡jI cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì we`¨vj‡q AbykxjbKv‡j cÖK…Zc‡ÿ
wkÿK‡Kw›`ªK wkLb wel‡q cÖwkÿY †Ìqv n‡Zv|Z‡e ch©vqµ‡g wkLbdj wfwËK cvV-cwiKíbvmn DcKiY
eënv‡ii ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbvi K_v ejv nq|GK eQi †gqvw` mvwU©wd‡KU-Bb-GWz‡Kkb
(wm.Bb.GW.) †Kvm© g~jZt PvKwiiZ cÖwkÿYwenxb miKvwi I †emiKvwi wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv e„w×i Rb¨
cwiPvwjZ nq|mdjZvi mv‡_ G cÖwkÿY †Kvm© †kl Ki‡Z cvi‡j wkÿv_©x wkÿK evsjv‡`k wm.B.GW. †evW©
†_‡K GKwU mvwU©wd‡KU cvb| mv‡_ mv‡_ D”PZi †eZb †¯‥jI †c‡q _v‡Kb|
72
wm Bb GW †Kvm© Pjv Kvjxb wcwUAvB Gi Rbej wb¤œiƒc wQj :
mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U 1Rb BÝUªv±i(kvixwiK wkÿv) 1Rb
mnKvwi mycvwib‡U‡W›U 1Rb mnKvwi jvB‡eªwi Kvg K¨vUvjMvi 1Rb
BÝUªv±i(mvaviY) 8Rb D”Pgvb mnKvwi Kvg wnmve iÿK 1Rb
BÝUªv±i(weÁvb) 1Rb Awdm mnKvwi Kvg Kw¤úDUvi Acv‡iUi 2Rb
BÝUªv±i(K…wl) 1Rb 4_© †kÖwYi Kg©Pvwi 6Rb
BÝUªv±i(Pviæ I KviæKjv) 1Rb
 cieZ©x‡Z wm Bb GW Kvh©µg‡K Av‡iv AwaKZi Kvh©Kix I MwZkxj Kivi j‡ÿ¨ wm Bb GW †Kvm©wU‡K cwieZ©b
K‡i 2011 mv‡j wW‡cøvgv Bb cÖvBgvwi GWz‡Kkb (wW wc GW) †Kvm© Pvjy Kivi wm×všÍ nq|
 2012 mv‡ji RyjvB gvm †_‡K 7wU wcwUAvB‡Z cixÿvg~jKfv‡e wWwcGW †Kvm© Pvjy Kiv nq| cixÿvg~jKfv‡e
PvjyK…Z †Kvm©wU mdjfv‡e ev¯Íevq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ 2013 mv‡ji RyjvB gvm †_‡K Av‡iv 22wU wcwUAvB‡Z wWwcGW †Kvm©
m¤úªmvwiZ Kiv nq|
 2015 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gvm †_‡K 36wU wcwUAvB‡Z Ges 2017 mvj †_‡K mKj miKvix wcwUAvB‡Z wWwcGW †Kvm©
Pvjy Kiv nq|
 wWwcGW †Kvm©wU g~jZt mvKz‡j¨ 18 gv‡mi|

D‡jøL¨, wWwcGW †Kvm© m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv mve-BDwbU 7.2 G Kiv n‡q‡Q|
eZ©gv‡b wWwcGW Kg©m~wPi cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i wcwUAvB Rbej wbgœwjwLZfv‡e cybm©w¾Z Kiv n‡q‡Q-
 mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U 1Rb  BÝUªv±i weÁvb 2Rb

 mnKvwi mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U 1Rb  BÝUªv±i Pviæ I KviæKjv 1Rb
 BÝUªv±i †ckvMZ wkÿv 4Rb  BÝUªv±i(kvixwiK wkÿv) 1Rb
Gi g‡a¨ 1Rb ICT BÝUªv±i (3+1) Rb  mnKvix jvB‡eªwiqvb 1Rb
 BÝUªv±i evsjv 2Rb  D”Pgvb mnKvix Kvg wnmveiÿK 1Rb
 BÝUªv±i MwYZ 2Rb  Awdm mnKvix Kvg Kw¤úDUvi Acv‡iUi 2Rb
 BÝUªv±i Bs‡iwR 2Rb  4_© †kÖwYi Kg©Pvwi 6Rb
 BÝUªv±i evsj‡`k I wek¦cwiPq 2Rb
eZ©gv‡b †hvMv‡hvM I Z_¨cÖhyw³ Bb÷ªv±i-Gi GKwU c` m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‧ msMxZ wel‡qi Bb÷ªv±i- Gi c`
GL‡bv m„wó nqwb|
wcwUAvB-msjMœ cixÿY we`¨vjq

cÖwZwU wcwUAvB‡Z cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì wbqwgZ wkÿY Abykxj‡bi Rb¨ GKwU cixÿY we`¨vjq i‡q‡Q| cixÿY we`¨vjqwU
Ab¨vb¨ mvaviY cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq †_‡K †ek wKQz wel‡q wfbœ| GB we`¨vj‡qi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q 5 Rb wkÿK-wkwÿKv| G‡ì
†eZb †¯‥j mvaviY miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK-wkwÿKv‡ì †P‡q D”PZi †eZb †¯‥j Ges wkÿvMZ †hvM¨ZvI
D”PZi|
73
wcwUAvB-msjMœ cixÿY we`¨vj‡qi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki c` †bB| GwU mivmwi wcwUAvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W›UGi
wbqš¿Yvaxb| cÖv_wgK wkÿveë¯ vq beZi a¨vb-aviYv I c×wZmg~n cixÿY we`¨vj‡q ev¯ÍewfwËK cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡q
_v‡K| GB we`¨vj‡qi wkÿKe„›` Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wcwUAvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U-Gi wbKU `vqe× _v‡Kb|
wWwcGW Kg©m~wPi Aax‡b G cixÿY we`¨vjq QvovI cvk^©eZ©x Av‡iv 19wU we`¨vj‡q A_©vr †gvU 20wU we`¨vj‡q wWwcGW
†Kv‡m©i wkÿv_©x‡ì Abykxjbx cvV`vb Kvh©µg m¤úv`b Kiv nq| H 19wU we`¨vj‡qi Rb¨ c„_K cÖavb wkÿK I mnKvix
wkÿK-wkwÿKv i‡q‡Q| Zviv †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmv‡ii wbqš¿Yvaxb| ïaygvÎ wWwcGW †Kvm© PjvKvjxb Abykxjbx
cvV`v‡bi Rb¨ H we`¨vjq¸‡jv eënvi Kiv nq|
wcwUAvB cwiPvjbv
wcwUAvB cwiPvjbvq mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U n‡jb cÖwZôvb cÖavb| wZwb ïay cÖwZôv‡bi cwiPvjKB bb wZwb Zvui cÖÁv,
gbbkxjZv, mZZv I KZ©e¨ wbôvi Øviv cÖZ¨ÿ I c‡ivÿfv‡e Zvui AvIZvaxb mKj‡K cÖfvweZ K‡ib| myZivs wcwUAvB
cwiPvjbvq Zvi f~wgKv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
D‡jøL¨, mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U †h mKj `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib Zv mve-BDwbU 5.1 G we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wcwUAvB cwiPvjbvq mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U †K me©‡ÿ‡Î mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡ib mnKvix mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U|
wb‡¤œ mnKvix mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U Gi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :
mnKvwi-mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U-Gi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨

wcwUAvB Gi mnKvix mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U Gi c`wU we‡kl ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| wZwb cÖvqkt mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U, BÝUªv±i I cixÿY
we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK‡ì mv‡_ wewfbœ Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi †hvMm~Î iÿv K‡ib| wb‡¤œ Zvi `vwqZ¡ KZ©e¨ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :
1. wZwb cÖwZôv‡bi mvgwMÖK cwiPvjbvq mycvi‡K mn‡hvwMZv I civgk© †`b|
2. mycv‡ii Abycw¯ wZKv‡j wZwb Bbw÷wUD‡Ui •`bw›`b Kvh©vewj cwiPvjbv K‡ib|
3. wcwUAvB‡qi cÖkvmwbK ev wkÿv msµvšÍ Kvh©µg Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wZwb mycvi‡K MVbg~jK civgk© K‡ib|
4. GKRb wkÿK wn‡m‡e Zvi wbR¯^ wel‡q cvV`vb Ges H wel‡qi eënvwiK Kvh©vewj cwiPvjbv I cwi`k©b
K‡ib|
5. wZwb cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì Abykxjbx cvV`vb cwi`k©b I g~jvqb K‡ib|
6. wZwb mnwkÿvµwgK Kvh©vewji Kg©m~wP cÖYqb I cwiPvjbvq mswkøó mKj‡K mn‡hvwMZv K‡ib|
BÝUªv±i-Gi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨

wcwUAvB‡qi wWwcGW I wm-Bb-GW cÖwkÿ‡Yi D”Pgvb/¸YMZ gvb eRvq ivLvi cÖavbZg `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib
BÝUªv±ie„›`| †kÖwY cvV`vb ch©‡eÿY, eënvwiK KvR cwiPvjbv I Z`viwKi e¨vcv‡i ZvivB cÖavb f~wgKv cvjb K‡i
_v‡Kb| Zv‡ì AvPvi-AvPiY, cÖÁv I gbbkxjZv cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì we‡klfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i|
wb‡¤œ BÝUªv±i e„‡›ì `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvcvZ Kiv n‡jv :
1. •`wbK Kg©m~wP Abyhvqx †kÖwY cvV`v‡b AskMÖnY K‡ib|
2. †kÖwY cvV`v‡bi c~‡e© mswkøó cv‡Vi cvVUxKv I DcKiY cÖ¯Z
‧ K‡ib|
3. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì eënvwiK KvR ZË¡veavb K‡ib I cÖ‡qvR‡b wb‡`©kbv †`b|
4. wkÿv_x©‡ì Abykxjbx cvV`vb ch©‡eÿY K‡ib I cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© †`b Ges g~j¨vqb K‡ib|
5. mvgwqK I P~ovšÍ cixÿv cwiPvjbvq mvwe©K mn‡hvwMZv †`b|
6. cixÿvi DËi cÎ g~j¨vqbc~e©K djvdj cÖ`v‡b mnvqZv K‡ib|
7. ÷vd wgwUs Ges Dc-KwgwUi wgwUs G †hvM`vb KiZt Av‡jvPbv I wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y mnvqZv K‡ib|
8. mnwkÿvµwgK Kvh©vewj cwiPvjbvq mwµq mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb K‡ib|
9. KZ„c© ÿ KZ„©K Awc©Z †h †Kv‡bv `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|
74
wcwUAvB Gi Kg©cwiwa
Avgv‡ì AvMvgx cÖR‡b¥i kvixwiK, gvbwmK I Av‡ewMK weKvk mvabc~e©K Zuv‡ì †`kvZœ‡ev‡a, weÁvbgb¯‥Zvq,
m„RbkxjZvq I DbœZ Rxe‡bi ¯^cœ `k©‡b DØy× Kiv‡bvi g‡Zv †hvM¨, gvbm¤úbœ I †ckvMZ `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b †P․Km
cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK M‡o †Zvjvi †ÿ‡Î wcwUAvB Gi Kg© cwiwa e¨vcK| Zb¥‡a¨ wb¤œwjwLZ cwimi¸‡jvi wecix‡Z
mivmwi wcwUAvB f~wgKv ivL‡Q :
(1) wWwcGW /wm-Bb-GW cÖwkÿY eë¯ vcbv
(2) cixÿY we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbv
(3) 20wU cÖwkÿY we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbv
(4) cÖwkÿYv_x©M‡Yi wbR¯^ we`¨vj‡q Abykxjb cvV`vb ZË¡veavb
(5) BDAviwm eë¯ vcbv
(6) BDAviwm Ges g‡Wj ¯‥zj cwi`k©b I wkÿv wb‡`©kbv `vb
(7) ¯^í‡gqvw` wewfbœ cÖwkÿY †Kvm© cwiPvjbv
(8) †nv‡÷j eë¯ vcbv
(9) AvBwmwU eë¯ vcbv
(10) MÖšv  Mvi eë¯ vcbv
(11) cixÿv eë¯ vcbv
(12) m¤ú` eë¯ vcbv
(13) kixi PP©v eë¯ vcbv
(14) mn-wkÿv Kvh©µg eë¯ vcbv
(15) PviæKjv welqK KvR eë¯ vcbv
(16) mvgvwRK KvR
(17) wkÿv_x©‡ì AvPiY wewa wbqš¿Y
(18) Pvwn`vwfwËK mve-K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿ‡Yi DcKiY g~j¨vqb I Aby‡gvw`Z|
G Kg©cwimi¸‡jv‡K Avevi Pvi fv‡M wef³ K‡i wcwUAvB Gi Kg© cwimi¸‡jv‡K cwiPvjbv Kiv nqt
1| cÖkvmwbK
2| GKv‡WwgK
3| mn wkÿvµwgK
4| cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb
1| cÖkvmwbK KvR :
wkÿv GKwU mvgwMÖK welq, hvi e¨vwß we`¨vjq †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU c‡e© weivRgvb| wkÿv n‡jv, Ôgvby‡li myß
cÖwZfv weKv‡ki m‡e©vËg Dcvq, hv e¨w³, †`k I mgvR‡K AvaywbK, mg„w×kvjx I Ávb weÁv‡bi DrKl© gva‡bi gva¨‡gÕ
Kvw•ÿZ gvÎvq BwZevPK f‚wgK ivL‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|Õ wkÿv gvbyl‡K Zvi weKv‡ki m‡ev©”P wkL‡i †cu․Qv‡bvi c_
†`Lvq| wkÿv gvby‡li †ckvMZ Rxe‡b DbœwZi m‡e©vËg nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK‡ì
†ckvMZ cÖwkÿY MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ cÖwZwU wcwUAvB‡Z 200 Rb wkÿv_©x fwZ©i eë¯ v i‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU wcwUAvB‡Z i‡q‡Q
AvevwmK myweavmn gwnjv I cyiæl wkÿK‡ì Rb¨ c„_K †nv‡÷j| wkÿv_©x‡ì †nv‡÷‡j Ae¯ vb eva¨Zvg~jK|
75
Avb›`gq I wkïevÜe cwi‡e‡k wkï‡ì eqm I mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx kvixwiK, gvbwmK, Av‡ewMK, mvgvwRK, bv›`wbK,
eyw×e„Ëxq I fvlve„Ëxq Z_v mvwe©K weKvk mva‡bi Dc‡hvMx wkÿv`v‡b mÿg, AvaywbK gbgvbwmKZv m¤úbœ Ges †ckvMZ
`ÿZv m¤úbœ wkÿK •Zwi Ki‡Z wcwUAvB‡Z bvbvwea cÖkvmwbK Kvh©µg m¤úbœ nq| †hgbÑ
1. fwZ© eë¯ vcbv
2. wcwUAvB I BDAviwm Kg©KZ©v/Kg©Pvix‡ì QzwU gÄyi
3. †eZb fvZvw` gÄyi
4. UvBg †¯‥j gÄyi
5. mvaviY fwel¨ Znwej cwiPvjbv
6. kÖvwšÍ we‡bv`b fvZv I QzwU gÄyi
7. mgqg‡Zv Dcw¯ wZ I cÖ¯v  b wbqš¿Y
8. wm‡jKkb †MÖW cÖvwß‡Z mnvqZv
9. `ÿZv mxgv DbœxZKiY
10. evwl©K Kg©cwiKíbv cÖYqb I ev¯Íevqb
11. cÖkvm‡b EaŸ©gyLx I Aa©gyLx †hvMv‡hvM
12. iæwUb cÖYqb I ev¯Íevqb
13. wkÿv_x©‡ì AvPiYwewa wbqš¿Y
14. evwl©K †Mvcbxq cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb
15. BDAviwm mg~‡ni Kvh©µg ZË¡veavb
16. mswÿß cÖwkÿY †Kvm© eë¯ vcbv
17. AvBwmwU eë¯ vcbv
18. †nv‡÷j eë¯ vcbv
19. MÖš vMvi eë¯ vcbv
20. m¤ú` eë¯ vcbv
21. cixÿv eë¯ vcbv I ev¯Íevqb
22. cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q wkÿv_x©‡ì Abykxjb Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb
23. †g․wLK cixÿv ev¯Íevqb
24. fwZ© Kvh©µg I bw_ msiÿY
25. gvwmK mgš^q mfvi Av‡qvRb
2| GKv‡WwgK KvR
AvaywbK Kv‡j wkÿvi D‡Ïk¨ A‡bK e¨vcK| wkÿv gvbyl‡K Rxe‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb, `ÿZv I g~j¨‡eva AR©‡bi
c_ †`Lvq| gvbyl‡K mgv‡Ri cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q fvimvg¨c~Y©fv‡e Pjv‡div Ki‡Z †kLvq| wkÿv GKw`‡K
†hgb gvby‡li weKwkZ n‡q IVvi Rb¨, †Zgwb Rvbvi AdzišÍ AvKv•ÿv •Zwii RbÏ wkÿv, Avevi †ckvMZ KvR Ges
mgv‡R wg‡jwg‡k _vKvi Rb¨ wkÿvi f‚wgKv e¨vcK| cÖv_wgK wkÿK wkÿvi ¸YMZ gv‡bvbœq‡b wcwUAvBmg~n GKv‡Wwg
wn‡m‡e wbijm KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| wkÿv_x©ivB GKv‡Wwg ev cÖwZôv‡bi cÖvY|wkÿv_x©‡ì mdjZv AR©b Ges weKvk mva‡bi
Rb¨ cÖwZôv‡b mycvwib‡Ub‡W‡›Ui †bZ…‡Z¡ eûwea Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq| eQ‡ii ïiæ‡ZB mnKgx©‡ì wb‡q GKwU evwl©K
Kg©m~wP cÖYqb K‡i EaŸ©Zb KZ…©c‡ÿi wb‡`©kbvi Av‡jv‡K GKv‡WwgK Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| eûwea GKv‡WwgK
Kvh©µ‡gi wKQz we‡kl w`K wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv:
1. wWwcGW †Kvm© KvVv‡gv Ges †cÖvMÖvg KvVv‡gv AewnZKiY
2. iæwUb Abyhvqx †kÖwYKvh©µg cwiPvjbv, gwbUwis I †g›Uwis
3. cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡qi Uvg©wfwËK Abykxjb Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv, gwbUwis, †g›Uwis I wW-weªwds
4. †eBR jvBb mv‡f©
76
5. cvwÿK cwiKíbv cÖYqb I g~j¨vqb
6. wWwcGW †Kvm© g~j¨vqb
7. G¨vmvBb‡g›U Gi eënvi
8. Dc¯ vcb cwiPvjbv
9. wi‡d¬w±f Rvb©vj •Zwi I we‡kølY
10. Kv‡h©vc‡hvMx M‡elYv cwiPvjbv
11. †g․wLK cixÿv MÖnY
12. †jmb ÷vwW Av‡qvRb I cÖwZ‡e`b •Zwi‡Z mnvqZv `vb
13. MvVwbK I mvgwMÖK g~j¨vqb
14. gvb g~j¨vqb
15. cÖkcœ Î cÖYqb I cixÿv MÖnY
16. djvdj •Zwi I msiÿY
17. †cvU© †dvwjI msiÿY
18. cÖwkÿYv_x©‡ì wbR we`¨vj‡q Abykxjb Kvh©µg ZË¡veavb
19. eënvwiK Kv‡Ri ZvwjKv cÖYqb, m¤úbœKiY I g~j¨vqb
20. cvwÿK GKv‡WwgK AMÖMwZ mfvi Av‡qvRb I djveZ©b
3| mnwkÿvµwgK Kvh©vewj :
cÖv_wgK wkÿv, wkÿv eë¯ vi wfwË| cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸YMZ gvb wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ wkÿKM‡Yi f‚wgKv AZxe
¸iæZ¡c~Y©| cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿKMY‡K `ÿ wkÿK wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjvi j‡ÿ¨ wWwcGW wkÿK wkÿv Kvh©µg
wcwUAvB‡Z Pvjy n‡q‡Q| GB †cÖwÿ‡Z wWwcGW †Kv‡m© AšÍfy©³ Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi cvkvcvwk mnwkÿvµwgK Kvh©vewj
m¤úv`‡bi eë¯ v ivLv n‡q‡Q| †Kv‡m© AšÍfy©³ welq PP©vi gva¨‡g wkÿK-wkÿv_x©MY Zv‡ì myß cÖwZfvi weKvk,
AvPiwYK cwieZ©b Ges Kg©m¤úv`‡bi gvb Dbœqb Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb| †Kv‡m©i wbqwgZ Kvh©vewj m¤úv`‡bi duv‡K duv‡K
Zviv †hb wewfbœ ai‡bi mvs¯‥…wZK Ges †mev I we‡bv`bg~jK KvR K‡g©i my‡hvM cvb †m eë¯ v ivLv n‡q‡Q| †hgb-
1. mvwnZ¨ I mvs¯‥…wZK Kvh©vewj
2. PviæKjv welqK Kvh©vewj
3. kixPP©v I •`wbK mgv‡ek
4. mvgvwRK/ RbKj¨vbg~jK
5. †nv‡÷‡j †Ljvayjv
6. AvšÍµxov I ewn:µxov
7. †gm bvBU Av‡qvRb
8. evwlK µxov cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
4| cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb msµvšÍ KvR :

wcwUAvB‡qi mvgwMÖK Kvh©µg h_vh_ ev¯Íevq‡b cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb eë¯ vcbv AZxe ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| cwiKíbv gvwdK
ev¯ÍevqbKv‡j Kg©m~wPi AMÖMwZ m¤ú‡K© wbqwgZ Z_¨ msMÖn, msiÿY, we‡kølY, cwigvcb I AewnZKi‡Yi cÖwµqv †hgb
cwiexÿY‡K mwVK c_ wb‡`©k K‡i †Zgwb g~j¨vqb‡K K‡i ÎæwUnxb, hyw³c~Y© I myôz| wcwUAvB cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb
Kvh©µg‡K h_vh_ Z_¨ w`‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿvi MwZ cÖK…wZ‡K mwVK c‡_ cwiPvwjZ Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| KviY cwiexÿY
I g~j¨vqb ci®úi cwic~iK GKwU cÖwµqv| G cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g h_vh_ wkÿv bxwZ I †K․kj cÖ‡qvM K‡i cÖv_wgK wkÿvi
gvb Dbœqb Kiv mnR nq|
(Z_¨m~Î : wcwUAvB g¨v‡bR‡g›U n¨vÛeyK-2015)
77
4.4 : Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdm, BDAviwm/wUAviwm I cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq
Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdm
miKv‡ii cÖkvmwbK we‡Kw›`ªKi‡Yi d‡j Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖkvm‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `ßiwU n‡”Q Dc‡Rjv wkÿv
Awdm| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii AvIZvaxb gvV ch©v‡q cÖwZwU DcRjvi cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ Kvh©µg
ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ GKRb K‡i Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 488wU Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdm Ges
20wU _vbv wkÿv Awd‡m h_vµ‡g Kg©iZ 488 Rb Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi Ges 20 Rb _vbv wkÿv Awdmvi
evsjv‡`‡ki Dc‡Rjv/_vbv ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv ev¯Íevqb msµvšÍ Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wb‡qvwRZ|
mKj miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi Kvh©µ‡g †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb, ZË¡veavb, cwi`k©b I wbqš¿K wn‡m‡e we`¨vj‡qi me‡P‡q
wbKUeZx© cÖkvmwbK `ß‡ii cÖavb wn‡m‡e Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv AwdmviMY Dc‡Rjv/_vbv cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ‘Focal
Person’ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i _v‡Kb| Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi G `ß‡ii cÖavb wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v| Dc‡Rjv
ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœq‡bi hveZxq `vwqZ¡ Zv‡K cvjb Ki‡Z nq| Zuv‡K mn‡hvwMZv Kivi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q GKvwaK
mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi, GKRb D”Pgvb mnKvix, `yBRb Awdm mnKvix, GKRb wnmve mnKvix Ges
GKRb Awdm mnvqK|
D‡jøL¨, Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ mve BDwbU 5.2 G we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wi‡mvm© †m›Uvi (BDAviwm/ wUAviwm)

cÖv_wgK wkÿvi mdj ev¯Íevq‡b cÖwkÿ‡Yi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| wkÿK-wkwÿKv‡ì Rb¨ eZ©gv‡b †h mKj cÖwkÿY
MÖn‡Yi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv-†ò ermi (18 gvm) †gqvw` wWwcGW †Kvm©, GK ermi †gqv`x wm.B.GW cÖwkÿY (ïay
gvÎ Gm.Gm.wm mb` avix wkÿK-wkwÿKv‡ì Rb¨), ¯^íKvjxb †h †Kv‡bv welqwfwËK cÖwkÿY Ges mve K¬v÷vi
cÖwkÿY|G mKj cÖwkÿY †Rjv/Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡qi wcwUAvB ¸‡jv‡Z AbywôZ n‡q AvmwQj |
eû cye© n‡Z cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK-wkwÿKv‡ì Rb¨ †ckvMZ `ÿZv e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ cÖwkÿY Kvh©µ‡gi we‡Kw›`ªKiY
K‡i Dc‡Rjv/_vbv ch©v‡q ¯ vqx msMVb ¯ vc‡bi wPšÍvfvebv PjwQj| hv‡Z K‡i wkÿK-wkwÿKvMY ZvrÿwYKfv‡e †h
†Kv‡bv beZi a¨vb aviYvi mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡Z cv‡ib Ges cvV`vb wel‡qi †h †Kv‡bv mgm¨vi mnR mgvavb †c‡Z
cv‡ib| G D‡Ïk¨‡K wfwË K‡i cÖv_wgK wkÿv¯Í‡ii Dc‡Rjv/_vbv ch©v‡qi wkÿK-wkwÿKvmn cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó
¯ vbxq Kg©KZv©‡ì †ckvMZ †ÿ‡Îi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ mivmwi cÖwkÿY, Iwi‡q‡›Ukb I †mwgbvi Av‡qvR‡b KvwiMwi mnvqZv
cÖ`v‡bi wbwg‡Ë Dc‡Rjv/_vbv ch©v‡q beMwVZ cÖwZôvb ÔÔDc‡Rjv/_vbv wi‡mvm© †m›UviÕÕ| ms‡ÿ‡c G‡K BDAviwm/
wUAviwm e‡j| XvKv/PÆMÖvg/ivRkvnx gnvbMixi wi‡mvm© †m›Uvi¸‡jv‡K _vbv wi‡mvm© †m›Uvi ms‡ÿ‡c wUAviwm e‡j|
1997 mv‡j AvBwWqvj Ges †bvivW cÖK‡íi AvIZvq 241wU Dc‡Rjvq Dc‡Rjv wi‡mvm © †m›Uvi (BDAviwm) ¯ vcb Kiv
nq| cieZx©‡Z 2000 mv‡j †bvivW cÖK‡íi AvIZvq AviI 240wU Dc‡Rjvq/_vbvq 240wU BDAviwm/wUAviwm ¯ vcb
Kiv nq| AZtci 2005 mv‡j Rbejmn G cªwZôvbmg~n‡K ivR¯^ Lv‡Z ¯ vbvšÍi Kiv nq| eZ©gv‡b †`‡k 488wU
BDAviwm Ges 20wU wUAviwm i‡q‡Q| BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±i Gi cÖavb wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v| Zvu‡K mnvqZv K‡ib
GKRb mnKvwi BÝUªv±i I GKRb WvUv Gw›Uª Acv‡iUi| `vßwiK Kv‡R mve©ÿwYK mnvqZvi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q GKRb Awdm
mnvqK Kvg •bk cÖnix|
wb‡¤œ BDAviwm/wUAviwm cÖwZôvi D‡Ïk¨ I Kvh©vewj Zz‡j aiv n‡jv :

BDAviwm/wUAviwmÕi cÖwZôvi D‡Ïk¨vewj :
1. wkÿK‡ì we`¨vjq I †kÖwYK‡ÿi gvb Dbœqbwel‡q cÖwkÿY `vb|
2. wkÿK-wkwÿKv‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv e„w×i Rb¨ cÖwkÿ‡Yi Av‡qvRb|
3. wkÿK‡ì Rb¨ mve-K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿY c×wZ Dbœqb I Ab¨vb¨ ¯^í‡gqvw` cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbv|
78
4. Gm Gg wmi Kvh©µg kw³kvjx Ki‡Yi Rb¨ Iwi‡q‡›Ukb cÖ`vb|
5. ¯ vbxqfv‡e cÖvß m¤ú` I DcKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kg©avivi cÖPjb Kiv|
6. ¯ vbxq RbMY‡K we`¨vj‡qi Dbœqb Kv‡R m¤ú„³ Kivi Rb¨ †mwgbvi/ wm‡¤úvwRqvg Av‡qvRb Kiv|
7. Dc‡Rjv/_vbvi wkÿK‡ì cÖwkÿY Pvwn`v wbiƒcY Kiv|
8. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi nvj wdj Z_¨ msMÖn, msiÿY I EaŸ©Zb ch©v‡q †cÖiY|
9. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi gvb wb‡`©kK m~PKmg~‡ni Ici Z_¨ fvÐvi (WvUv e¨vsK) cÖwZôv Kiv|
10. wkÿvi be D™¢vweZ welq m¤ú‡K© cÖ`k©bx †K›`ª wn‡m‡e KvR Kiv|
BDAviwm/wUAviwmi Kvh©vewj :
 Pvwn`vi wfwË‡Z wkÿK-cÖwkÿ‡Yi cwiKíbv cÖYqb I ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ evwl©K Kg© cwiKíbv •Zwi Kiv|
 cÖwkÿY mvgMÖx cÖYqb, •Zwi, eënvi I msiÿY Kiv|
 †kªwYK‡ÿ wm-Bb-GW/ wWwcGW cÖwkÿ‡Yi h_vh_ ev¯Íevqb, cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb Kiv|
 cÖwkÿY †kªwYK‡ÿ ev¯Íevqb, cwiexÿY Ges Aby¯§viK (Follow-up)/ mÄxebx cÖwkÿ‡Yi eë¯ v Kiv|
 cvV mswkøó DcKi‡Yi Pvwn`v mbv³KiY, DcKiY msMÖn, •Zwi, eënvi I msiÿ‡Yi Ici Kg©kvjvi eë¯ v Kiv|
 Action Research/Longitudinal Study m¤úbœ Kiv|
 wewfbœ cÖwkÿY mvgMÖx I welqwfwËK cvVmswkøó wkÿv DcKi‡Yi Ici wkÿve‡l©i ïiæ‡Z cÖ`k©bxi Av‡qvRb Kiv|
 Iwi‡q‡›Ukb I †mwgbv‡ii Av‡qvRb Kiv|
 we`¨vjq cwi`k©‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿK-wkwÿKv‡ì Pvwn`v hvPvB Ges c~e©eZ©x cÖwkÿ‡Yi cÖfve cÖZ¨ÿ K‡i cieZ©x
Kvh©µg w¯ i Kiv|
 we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK‡ì †cÖvdvBjmn we`¨vj‡qi gvb msµvšÍ Z_¨ msiÿY I cÖwµqvKiY|
 cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ Z_¨, g¨vMvwRb I eBcÎ msiÿY I mieivn Kiv|
BDAviwmi/wUAviwmi m¤¢vebv (Potentialities)
 BDAviwm¸‡jv Dc‡Rjv †nW †KvqvU©v‡i Aew¯ Z|
 BDAviwmi Kg©KZ©vMY †ckvMZ †hvM¨Zv I wkÿYweÁvb (†cWvMwR) Ávb m¤úbœ |
 Kg©KZ©vMY AvBwmwU Bb GWy‡Kkb mn cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb wel‡q cÖwkÿYcÖvß|
 cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Dc‡Rjv/_vbv ch©v‡q wkÿK cÖwkÿK i‡q‡Q|
 _vbv/Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q BDAviwmi cÖwkÿY Kÿ I AvmevecÎ AwaKZi gvbm¤§Z|
 wcwUAvB I wWwcBI Awd‡mi mgš^q mfvq AskMÖnY Ges Dc‡Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv KwgwU‡Z AšÍfy©w³|
 cÖavb wkÿK‡ì mgš^q mfvq GKv‡WwgK wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv|
 cÖwkÿY cÖwZdjb I †kÖwYK‡ÿ ev¯Íevqb †`Lfvj Kivi my‡hvM|
 Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q RvZxq Rb¸iæZ¡c~Y© Kv‡R AkMÖnY|
 ¯ vbxq ch©v‡q DØy×KiYg~jK Kg©kvjv/‡mwgbv‡i AkMÖnY|
 RvZxq wkÿv mßvn mn RvZxq wèm D`hvc‡b AskMÖnY|
 cÖwkÿY I GKv‡WwgK Kvh©µ‡g ¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZv cÖ`k©b|
 we`¨vjq cwi`k©‡b miKvwi hvbevnb eënvi|
 wkÿvi gv‡bvbœq‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq Abykxbjmn M‡elYv Kivi Dc‡hvMx|
D‡jøL¨, BDAviwm/wUAviwm Bb÷ªv±‡ii `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ mve-BDwbU 5.2 G we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
79
cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq
cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖkvmb KvVv‡gv ¯Í‡ii me©Kwbô ¯Íi n‡”Q cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq| RvZxq Av`k© I Pvwn`vi wbwi‡L wkÿvi
D‡Ïk¨ ev¯Íevq‡bi GKgvÎ msMVb cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq| Gi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q wkÿK, wkÿv_©x, cwiPvjbv KwgwU Ges Z`viwKi
Rb¨ i‡q‡Q Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvix| RvZxq Avkv AvKv•ÿv c~i‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb mybvMwiK, Avi mybvMwiK M‡o †Zvjvi
GKgvÎ m~wZKvMvi n‡”Q cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq| cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi mvwe©K Kg©Kv‡Ði mv‡_ m¤ú„³ welq¸‡jv wb‡q wb‡¤œ
Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡jv :
we`¨vjq cwiPvjbvi mvwe©K `vwq‡Z¡ _v‡Kb cÖavb wkÿK| wZwb we`¨vj‡qi g¨v‡bwRs KwgwU, wkÿK, QvÎ, AwffveK
mK‡ji m‡½ GK eÜzZ¡c~Y© mg‡SvZvq G‡m we`¨vjq cwiPvjbv K‡ib| cvi¯úvwiK gayi m¤úK©, eÜzZ¡c~Y© mn‡hvwMZv,
mnvbyf~wZ I mgš^qg~jK g‡bvfve we`¨vjq cwiPvjbvi g~jK_v| cÖavb wkÿK kyay cwiPvjKB bb wZwb ewjô e¨w³Z¡,
D`¨g KZ©e¨civqYZv, wbi‡cÿZv, mnvbyf~wZ, msMVbx kw³ cÖf…wZ Øviv mnKvix wkÿK‡ì g‡b Aby‡cÖiYvi m„wó K‡ib
Ges we`¨vjq‡K mvgwMÖK mvd‡jï c‡_ hvIqvi †Póv K‡ib| cÖavb wkÿK‡K w`‡qB A‡bK mgq we`¨vj‡qi gvb wePvi
Kiv nq| ZvB ejv nq ÔÔAs is the Head Teacher, so is the School ÕÕ|
D‡jøL¨, cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ mve-BDwbU 5.3 G we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
myôzfv‡e we`¨vjq cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ cÖavb wkÿK‡K me©‡ÿ‡Î mnvqZv K‡ib mnKvix wkÿKe„›`| Zviv cvVµwgK I
mnwkÿvµwgK Kvh©vewji m¤úv`bv Kiv QvovI eûwea Kvh©µg m¤úv`‡bi mn‡hvwMZv K‡i _v‡Kb| G Kvi‡Y cÖavb
wkÿ‡Ki g‡Zv mnKvix wkÿKMY †kÖwY-Kvh©µg myôzfv‡e m¤úv`bv e¨ZxZ we`¨vj‡q eûwea Kv‡R AskMÖnY K‡ib|
wb‡¤œ mnKvix wkÿK‡ì `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ Zz‡j aiv n‡jv :
mnKvwi wkÿK Gi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ :
 we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbv welqK wewfbœ Kg©Kv‡Ð cÖavb wkÿK‡K mvnvh¨, mn‡hvwMZv I civgk© `vb Kiv|
 we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbv msµvšÍ Awc©Z mKj `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ mgq g‡Zv myôzfv‡e m¤úv`b Kiv|
 PvKwi wewa †g‡b Pjv, cÖPwjZ wewa weav‡bi cÖwZ AbyMZ _vKv Ges wbqg Kvbyb cvjb Kiv|
 wewfbœ Kg©m~wP I cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ges ev¯Íevq‡b cÖavb wkÿK‡K mn‡hvwMZv Kiv|
 we`¨vj‡qi m¤ú‡ì iÿYv‡eÿY Ges HwZn¨ I mybvg AÿyYœ ivLvi Kv‡R cÖavb wkÿK‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv|
 wkï Rwic Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ msMÖn Ges
mieivn K‡i cÖavb wkÿK‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv|
 wkÿY-wkL‡bi gv‡bvbœq‡bi Rb¨ beZi †K․kj I DbœZ c×wZ MÖnY Kiv Ges G e¨vcv‡i cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki M„wnZ
c`‡ÿc ev¯Íevq‡b mn‡hvwMZv `vb Kiv|
 †kÖwY-wkÿK wn‡m‡e †kÖwYi mvwe©K Dbœq‡b Ae¨vnZ cÖ‡Póv MÖnY Kiv|
 AwffveK‡ì mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM I mym¤úK© eRvq ivLv|
 wkÿv_©x‡ì e¨w³MZ Leiv-Lei Rvbv Ges wbqwgZ †nvg wfwRU Kiv|
 wkÿv_©x‡ì cÖMwZcÎ cÖ¯Z ‧ Kiv Ges AwffveK‡ì wbKU †cÖiY Kiv|
 wkÿv_©x‡ì kvixwiK, gvbwmK, mvgvwRK I e¨w³‡Z¡i DbœwZ weav‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯ v MÖnY Kiv|
 we`¨vj‡q wewfbœ Abyôvb m¤úv`‡b cÖavb wkÿK‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv|
 wkÿv_©x‡ì cixÿv MÖnY I g~j¨vqb welqK wewfbœ Kv‡R Ges g~j¨vqb †iKW© cÖ¯Z ‧ I msiÿ‡Y cÖavb wkÿK‡K
mwµq mn‡hvwMZv `vb Kiv|
 avivevwnK g~j¨vqb †iKW© msiÿY Kiv|
 cvV-cwiKíbv cÖ¯Z ‧ I eënvi Kiv|
 cvV-Dc‡hvMx I cvV-mswkøó wkÿv DcKiY •Zwi, msMÖn, eënvi I msiÿY Kiv|
 wkÿK wb‡`©wkKv, mnvwqKvmn Ab¨vb¨ wkÿv-DcKiY eënvi Kiv|
 wkï-evÜe I mwµq-wkLbc×wZ wbf©i †kÖwY Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g wkLb wbwðZ Kiv|
 wkÿv_©xi KvR cÖ`k©b Kiv|
 miKvi KZ…©K wb‡`©wkZ Ab¨vb¨ KvR m¤úbœ Kiv|
80
cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq‡K myôyfv‡e cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ ¯‥zj g¨v‡bwRs KwgwU (SMC) i‡q‡Q| ¯‥zj g¨v‡bwRs KwgwUi m`m¨ mg~n
wb¤œiƒc|
 mfvcwZ - 1 Rb (cÖavb wkÿK I mnKvix wkÿK e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡ì ga¨ †_‡K wbe©vwPZ n‡e|
 AwffveK m`m¨ - 4 Rb (AwffveK‡ì ga¨ †_‡K 4 Rb)
 wkÿvbyivMx m`m¨ - 2 Rb (Gi g‡a¨ GKRb gwnjv I GKRb cyiæl n‡e)
 f~wg `vZv m`m¨ - 1 Rb (whwb ev hviv f~wg `vb K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì ga¨ †_‡K GKRb)
 wkÿK m`m¨ - 1 Rb (¯ vbxq ev cvk^©eZ©x D”P we`¨vj‡qi 1 Rb wkÿK)
 IqvW© †g¤^vi - 1 Rb (¯ vbxq IqvW© †g¤^vi)
 wkÿK cÖwZwbwa - 2 Rb (wkÿK‡ì ga¨ †_‡K 2 Rb)
 m`m¨ mwPe - 1 Rb (cÖavb wkÿK - c`vwaKvi e‡j)
¯‥zj g¨v‡bwRs KwgwU (SMC)-Gi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ :

 cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cwiPvjbv msµvšÍ eë¯ vcbvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb
 cÖwZgv‡m KwgwUi mfv Abyôvb, we`¨vj‡qi Kvh©vewj I AMÖMwZ ch©v‡jvPbv Ges M„wnZ wm×všÍ ev¯Íevq‡bi
c`‡ÿc MÖnY|
 wkÿK‡ì gvwmK †eZb we‡j mswkøó g¨v‡bwRs KwgwUi mfvcwZi cÖwZ¯^vÿi MÖnY wbwðZKiY Ges Zv KwgwUi
m`m¨-mwPe KZ…©K Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awd‡m †cÖiY|
 Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi Ges mnKvix-Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii mn‡hvwMZvq we`¨vj‡qi evwl©K Kg© cwiKíbv
cÖYqb|
 we`¨vj‡qi wkÿv`vb msµvšÍ Kvh©vewj gwbUwis, we`¨vj‡qi eë¯ vcbv, wkÿK-Qv‡Îi Dcw¯ wZ, wkÿK‡ì
KZ©e¨civqYZv I cvV`v‡bi †LuvR Lei †bIqv|
 Dbœqbg~jK KvR †hgbÑ we`¨vjq M„n, iv¯Ív wbg©vY, cwi‡ek cwi”Qbœ ivLvmn Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡R mvnvh¨ I
mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb|
 we`¨vjq Mg‡bvc‡hvMx mKj wkï‡K we`¨vj‡q fwZ© I Dcw¯ wZ wbwðZ Kiv Ges we`¨vjq Z¨vMx wkï‡ì‡K
we`¨vj‡q wdwi‡q Avbvi c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ges S‡o cov †iva Kiv|
 we`¨vj‡qi mgm¨vewj wb‡q ¯ vbxq RbmvaviY I Dc‡Rjv wkÿv KwgwUi g‡a¨ †hvMm~Î ¯ vcb I mgš^q mvab|
 mswkøó we`¨vjq ms¯‥vi I †givgZ KvR m¤úbœ nIqvi ci mgvwß cÖwZ‡e`‡b g¨v‡bwRs KwgwUi m‡½ Av‡jvPbv
K‡i KwgwUi m`m¨-mwPe Gi ¯^vÿi cÖ`vb wbwðZKiY|
 we`¨vj‡qi cwi‡ek Dbœq‡b we`¨vj‡qi Rwg, iv¯Ív, †Ljvi gvV Ges e„ÿ †ivcY I cwiPh©v|
 we`¨vjq M„n †givgZ, bZzb M„n wbg©vY, AvmevecÎ †givgZ Ges Ab¨vb¨ mKj KvR wbqwgZ Z`viK I
iÿYv‡eÿY
 cvV¨cy¯ÍK Ges wk‡ÿvcKiY msMÖn, msiÿY Ges weZiY|
 we`¨vj‡q mncvVµwgK Kvh©µg †hgbÑ RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv mßvn I cÿ, AvšÍRv© wZK ¯^vÿiZv wèm,
¯^vaxbZv wèm, cyi¯‥vi weZiYx Abyôvb, †Ljva~jv I mvs¯‥…wZK Kg©KvÐ, wgjv` gvnwdj BZ¨vw` Kvh©µg msMVb
I m¤úv`‡b mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb|
 wkÿvi Rb¨ Dce„wË Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡b mn‡hvwMZv e„w×KiY|
 we`¨vj‡q mve-K¬v÷vi †Uªwbs G mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb| we`¨vjq cwi`k©‡b mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi‡K
mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b EaŸ©Zb KZ…©cÿ‡K AewnZKiY|
 miKvi KZ…©K Awc©Z Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bv `vwqZ¡ cvjb|
G QvovI we`¨vj‡q 9 m`m¨ wewkô wkÿK AwffveK mwgwZ (PTA) i‡q‡Q|
81
wkÿK AwffveK mwgwZ(PTA)-Gi `vwqZ¡
 †h mKj wkï fv‡jv Ki‡Z cvi‡Qbv Zv‡ì cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q we`¨vj‡qi mvd‡jï Rb¨ mnvqZv Ki‡e|
 wkÿK-AwffveK m¤úK© Dbœq‡b KvR Ki‡e|
 mKj †ckvi gvby‡li mgš^‡q we`¨vjq‡K wkÿv, mvgvwRK I mvs¯‥…wZK Dbœq‡bi †K›`ª wnmv‡e cÖwZôvq m‡Pó _vK‡e|
 Dcw¯ wZi nvi e„w× I S‡i cov †iv‡a SMC-†K mnvqZv Ki‡e|
 SLIP ev¯Íevqb I cwiexÿY Ki‡e|
‡iwR÷vi I bw_cÎ :
we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbvi Rb¨ †iKW© ev bw_ cÎ AwZ Avek¨Kxq m¤ú`| we`¨vj‡qi mfv-mwgwZ, Av‡`k-wb‡`©k, QvÎ-wkÿK
msµvšÍ Z_¨, wPwVcÎ, µq-weµq, `wjj-`¯Ív‡eR BZ¨vw` me ai‡bi mvwe©K Z‡_ï †iKW© ivLvi DciB we`¨vj‡qi myôz
cwiPvjbv wbf©i K‡i| bw_cÎ ev †iKW© myôzfv‡e †kÖwYweb¨vm K‡i myweb¨¯Í iƒ‡c I k„•Ljvi m‡½ mvwR‡q ivLv‡K dvBwjs
ev bw_KiY ejv nq| we`¨vj‡qi cÖwZwbqZ KvMRcÎ ev Z‡_ï Av`vb-cÖ`vb nq| G¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e msiwÿZ bv n‡j
cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq Zv Luy‡R cvIqv hvq bv| e¯‧Z, bw_eÜKi‡Yi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q wewfbœ KvMRcÎ, `wjj-cÎvw` ÿqÿwZ
†_‡K iÿv Kiv Ges cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq mn‡RB nv‡Zi Kv‡Q cvIqv I mn‡R eënvi Kiv|
GKwU we`¨vj‡qi Rb¨ †h mKj †iwR÷ªvi I bw_ msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wb¤œiƒc :
1. QvÎ-QvÎx fwZ© eB|
2. wkÿK nvwRiv LvZv
3. QvÎ-QvÎx nvwRiv LvZv
4. †bvwUk eB
K. g¨‡bwRs KwgwUi Rb¨
L. wkÿK-AwffveK mwgwZi Rb¨
M. wkÿK cwil‡ì mfvi Rb¨
(Dc‡iv³ †bvwUk eB c„_K c„_Kfv‡e msiÿY Kiv nq)
5. mfvi Kvh©weeiYx eB|
6. wPwVcÎ cÖvwßi †iwR÷ªvi|
7. wPwVcÎ Bmÿ †iwR÷ªvi|
8. cwi`k©b eB|
9. cixÿvi djvdj eB|
10. wkÿK-wkwÿKvi QzwUi †iwR÷ªvi|
11. ÷K †iwR÷ªvi|
12. wUwm †iwR÷ªvi|
13. Avmevec‡Îi ZvwjKv LvZv|
14. K¨vk eB|
15. †Ljvayjvi miÄv‡gi ZvwjKv LvZv|
16. jvB‡eªwi †iwR÷ªvi|
K. cy¯Í‡Ki †iwR÷ªvi|
L. cy¯ÍK cÖ`vb MÖnY eB|
17. Avbylw½K (Kw›U‡RwÝ) Avq-e¨q †iwR÷ªvi|
18. evwl©K cvV cwiKíbv eB|
19. wkï Rwic eB|
20. ewntms¯ v cÖ`Ë gvjvgvj †iwR÷ªvi|
21. K…wZ QvÎ-QvÎx‡ì cyi¯‥vi weZiY eB|
82
22. mswÿß cvVUxKv MvBW eB|
23. e„wË cÖvß QvÎ-QvÎx‡ì ZvwjKv eB|
24. K¬v÷vi †Uªwbs wkÿK mnvwqKv msiÿY dvBj: G‡Z K¬v÷vi †Uªwbs-Gi wkÿK mnvwqKv msiÿY Kiv nq| GwU
GKwU †dvìvi dvBj|
25. K¬v÷vi †Uªwbs msµvšÍ wPwVcÎ msiÿY LvZv|
26. K¬v÷vi †Uªwbs cÖwZ‡e`b msiÿY dvBj|
27. K¬v÷vi †Uªwbs I AvKw¯§K cwi`k©b LvZv|
28. K¬v÷vi †Uªwbs g~j¨vqb †iwR÷ªvi|
29. K¬v÷vi †Uªwbs I AvKw¯§K cwi`k©b PvU©| (25 n‡Z 29 µwgK ch©šÍ †iKW© †iwR÷ªvi¸‡jv‡Z K¬v÷vi †Uªwbs Gi
wewfbœ KvMRcÎ msiÿY Kiv nq|)
30. wkÿv_©xi cv‡VvbœwZi avivevwnK g~j¨vqb eB|
31. ¯‥zj ch©v‡q gvwmK cÖwZ‡e`b msiÿY dvBj|
32. fvDPvi dvBj: G‡Z wewfbœ Li‡Pi fvDPvi msiÿY Kiv nq|
33. gvwmK wiUvY© dvBj: G‡Z we`¨vj‡qi gvmKvevix wi‡cvU© Kwc msiÿY Kiv nq|
34. wkÿvcÿ msµvšÍ Kvh©µ‡gi dvBj|
35. gv÷vi †ivj dvBj: G‡Z cy¯ÍK weZi‡Yi gv÷vi †ivj Ges BDwb‡md †_‡K cÖvß `ªe¨vw` weZi‡Yi gv÷vi
†ivj msiÿY Kiv nq|
36. wkÿK‡ì Rxeb e„ËvšÍ †iwR÷ªvi: G‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿ‡Ki Rxeb-e„ËvšÍ Kwc msiÿY Kiv nq|
37. Awffve‡Ki m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM bw_: G‡Z Awffve‡Ki wPwVcÎ I weeiY wjwLZ _v‡K|
38. f~wg Ki/ cvwb/ we`y¨r/ BZ¨vw` msµvšÍ bw_:
Dc‡i ewY©©Z †iwR÷ªvi I bw_c‡Îi msiÿY I eënvi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki Ab¨Zg cÖavb `vwqZ¡|
†iwR÷ªvi I bw_cÎ me©`vB nvj-wdj Ae¯ vq ivLv cÖ‡qvRb|
(Z_¨m~Î : evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿvbxwZ, †K․kj I msMVb (2002) Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi-Gi Kg©KZ©v-Kg©PvixM‡Yi
Kg©eÈb-2016 )
4.5 : RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© (GbwmwUwe)

RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© (GbwmwUwe)cÖv_wgK, wb¤œ gva¨wgK, gva¨wgK I D”P gva¨wgK ch©v‡qi wkÿvµg I
cvVëB Dbœqb, Aby‡gv`b Ges eë¯ vcbvi `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ KZ©…cÿ| †`‡ki wkÿv eë¯ v I wkÿvi cÖmv‡i G
cÖwZôv‡bi f~wgKv Abb¨| RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© GKwU ¯^vqËkvwmZ ms¯ v, hvi cÖavb KZ©v n‡jb
†Pqvig¨vb|Bs‡iR Avg‡j Awef³ evsjv‡`‡k †U·U eyK KwgwU wQj| 1947 mv‡j †`k wefv‡Mi ci cvVëB •Zwii
D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L Abyic~ Ôc~e©e½ ¯‥zj †U·U eyK KwgwUÕ MwVZ nq| G KwgwUi KvR wQj 1g †kÖwY †_‡K 8g †kÖwY
ch©šÍ mKj wel‡qi mKj cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki Aby‡gv`b †`qv|wKš‧ KwgwUi Ici Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ h_vh_fv‡e cÖwZcvwjZ bv
nIqvq miKvi ¯^vqËkvwmZ †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi gva¨‡g Av`k© cvVëB cÖ¯Z‧ I cÖKv‡ki cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Dcjwä K‡ib| Gi
†cÖwÿ‡Z 1954 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m †U·UeyK AvBb cvm Ges †mB AvB‡bi wewa Abyhvqx ¯‥zj †U·UeyK †evW© bv‡g
GKwU ¯^vqËkvwmZ cÖwZôvb MVb Kiv nq|
1971 mv‡j ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨`‡qi ci mKj cvV¨ cy¯Í‡K beRvZ iv‡óªi Rbmvavi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxq ÁvZe¨ mwbœ‡ek
Kiv nq|mgvR I RbM‡Yi Pvwn`v cwieZ©bkxj| mgKvjxb Rxe‡bi Pvwn`v Ges µgea©gvb Áv‡bi Av‡jv‡K wkÿvµ‡gi
cÖYqb, cwigvR©b I Gi Dbœqb mgv‡Ri MwZkxjZv‡K Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i|G D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L miKvi 1981 mv‡j
RvZxq wkÿvµg Dbœqb †K›`ª ¯ vcb K‡ib|RvZxq `k©b I mvgvwRK Pvwn`v‡K †K›`ª K‡i wkÿvµg I cvV¨m~wP cÖYqb Kiv
nq Ges Zvi cÖwZdjb N‡U cvV¨cy¯Í‡K| wkÿvµg Dbœqb Ges cvV¨cy¯ÍK cÖYqb welq `ywU G‡K Ac‡ii m‡½
IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ| G mKj w`K we‡ePbv K‡i miKvi evsjv‡`k ¯‥zj †U·UeyK †evW© Ges RvZxq wkÿvµg Dbœqb
†K›`ª‡K GKxf~Z Kivi c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡ib| miKv‡ii G wm×v‡šÍi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z 1983 mv‡ji 2 A‡±vei RvZxq
wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© (NCTB) MwVZ nq|
83
RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯K
Í †ev‡W©i cÖavb Kvh©vewj (ms‡ÿ‡c) wb¤œiƒc:
1. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ch©vq †_‡K D”P gva¨wgK ch©vq ch©šÍ mKj †kÖwYi wkÿvµg I cvV¨m~wP cÖYqb|
2. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ch©vq †_‡K D”P gva¨wgK ch©vq ch©šÍ cvVëB cÖ¯‧Z Kivi Rb¨ eë¯ v MÖnY|
3. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ch©vq †_‡K D”P gva¨wgK ch©vq ch©šÍ cvVëB, wkÿvµg I cvV¨m~wPi Kvh©KvwiZv m¤ú‡K© cÖvK-
cixÿv I g~j¨vqb|
4. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ch©vq †_‡K D”P gva¨wgK ch©vq ch©šÍ mKj †kÖwYi QvÎ-QvÎx‡ì mKj wel‡qi cvVëB
cÖKvkbv,weZiY I weµ‡qi eë¯ v MÖnY|
5. jvB‡eªwi eB I mnvqK MÖ‡š i Aby‡gv`b `vb|
6. weÁvb welqK Ges mvwnZ¨ I mvs¯‥…wZK Kvh©Kjvc‡K DrmvwnZ Kivi Rb¨ Aby`vb cÖ`vb|
7. mg‡q mg‡q miKvi RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †ev‡W©i Rb¨ †hme Kg©m~wP wba©viY K‡ib †m¸‡jv ev¯Íevq‡bi
Rb¨ eë¯ v MÖnY|
Dc‡iv³ Kvh©vewj QvovI GbwmwUwe Gi wkÿvµg kvLv †h mKj `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i _v‡K Zv wb¤œiƒc :
Dc‡iv³ Kvh©vewj ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j GUvB cÖZxqgvb nq †h, GbwmwUwei cÖavb Ges Ab¨Zg KvR n‡”Q cÖv_wgK ch©vq
†_‡K D”P gva¨wgK ch©vq ch©šÍ mKj †kÖwYi wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK cÖYqb Kiv | GQvovI wkÿvµg kvLv wb¤œiƒc `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡i _v‡K :
1. RvZxq Pvwn`vi wbwi‡L wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii wkÿvi D‡Ïk¨vewj wPwýZ Kiv|
2. wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii wkÿvi wkÿvµg I cvV¨m~wPi cwieZ©b, cwigvR©b, gv‡bvbœqb I bevq‡bi cwiKíbv cÖYqb|
3. wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii wkÿvi wkÿvµg I cvV¨m~wPi gv‡bvbœq‡bi Rb¨ avivevwnK g~j¨vqb I M‡elYv cwiPvjbv|
4. wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii wkÿvi wkÿvµg I cvV¨m~wPi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx wkÿK cÖwkÿ‡Yi cVb cvVb I mnvqK DcKi‡Yi
Pvwn`v wbiƒcY Kiv|
5. cwigvwR©Z wkÿvµ‡gi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx Av`k© cvV¨cy¯ÍK, Abykxjbx cy¯ÍK, wkÿK wb‡`©wkKv, mn cvV¨cy¯ÍK Ges
Ab¨vb¨ m¤ú~iK cVb-cvVb DcKi‡Yi g~j¨vqb, cwieZ©b, cwigvR©b I gv‡bvbœqb Kiv|
6. wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii wkÿvi cÖPwjZ wkÿvµ‡gi g~j¨vqb Ges Gi Kvh©KvwiZv I `ye©jZvmg~n wPwýZ Kiv|
7. cvV¨cy¯ÍK, Ab¨vb¨ cVb-cvVb DcKi‡Yi g~j¨vqb, cwieZ©b, cwigvR©b I gv‡bvbœqb Kiv|
8. wkÿv_©x‡ì AwR©Z mdjZv g~j¨vq‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ wewfbœ wel‡q g~j¨vqb‡hvM¨ Ávb, `ÿZv I `„wófw½ wPwýZ Kiv
Ges h_vh_ I wbf©i‡hvM¨ AfxÿvcÎ I Ab¨vb¨ g~j¨vqb †K․kj D™¢veb Kiv|
myZivs †`Lv hv‡”Q GbwmwUwe Gi wkÿvµg kvLv wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii wkÿvµg cvV¨m~wP wb‡q e¨vcK Kg©KvÐ cwiPvjbv
Ki‡Q| we‡kl K‡i cÖv_wgK wkÿv ¯Í‡ii Rb¨|
(Z_¨m~Î : http://www.nctb.gov.bd)
84
cÖkœgvjv : 4
K) mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †ev‡W©i cÖavb Kvh©vewj D‡jøL Kiyb|
2. cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b KZwU `ßi i‡q‡Q I Kx Kx ?
3. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii mvwe©K Kg©KvÐ cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ KZwU wefvM i‡q‡Q I Kx Kx ?
4. DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv ey¨‡iv Kx Kx jÿ¨ wb‡q KvR Ki‡Q?
5.KZ mv‡j cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq MwVZ nq ?
6.RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg (†bc) cÖwZôvi D‡Ïk¨ Kx?
7.cÖvBgvwi wUPvm© †Uªwbs BÝwUwUDU (wcwUAvB) Gi cÖwZôvi D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv eY©bv Kiæb|
8.BDAviwm cÖwZôvi D‡Ïk¨ Kx?
L) iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :-
1. we`¨vjq AwakvLvi `vwqZ¡cÖvß Kg©KZ©v †K ? we`¨vjq AwakvLvi Kvh©vewj D‡jøL Kiæb|

2.cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi g¨v‡bwRs KwgwUi MVb I `vwqZ¡ eY©bv Kiæb|
3. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii gnvcwiPvjK I AwZwi³ gnvcwiPvj‡Ki Kvh©vewj eY©bv Kiæb|
4. DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv ey¨‡ivi jÿ¨ I cwiwa eY©bv Kiæb|
5. RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †ev‡W©i wkÿvµg kvLv †h mKj `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i _v‡K Zvi eY©bv w`b|
6. RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg (†bc) Gi gnvcwiPvj‡Ki Kvh©vewj D‡jøL Kiæb|
7. wcwUAvB cÖwZôvi BwZnvm I Rbej Z_¨ Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
8. BDAviwmi cÖavb Kvh©vewj D‡jøL Kiæb|
Z_¨m~Î :
1. Avjx, †gvt iRe I Ab¨vb¨ (2002), evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿvbxwZ, †K․kj I msMVb, RvZxq cÖv_wgK
wkÿv GKv‡Wwg|
2. AvjgMxi, †gvt (2016), cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi-Gi Kg©KZ©v-Kg©PvixM‡Yi Kg©eÈb-2016 (Awdm
Av‡`k bs 38,01.0000.100.02.001.16.-27, ZvwiL: 27 GwcÖj 2016), cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi,
†mKkb-2, wgicyi, XvKv 1216|
3. DcvbyôvwbK wkÿvbxwZ, DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv ey¨‡iv, cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq|
4. Lvwj`, †gvt ûgvqyb (2016), mwPevjq wb‡`©kgvjv 2014-Gi 7bs wb‡`©k Abymv‡i cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv
gš¿Yvj‡qi Kg©KZ©v‡ì Kg©eÈb, www.mopme.gov.bd, Website of MOPME.
5. †nv‡mb, Avey ZvR †gvt RvwKi (m¤úv`K), cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvj‡qi 2012-13 A_©eQ‡ii evwl©K
cÖwZ‡e`b, cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq|
6. http://www.nctb.gov.bd
85
BDwbU 5 : cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó Kg©KZ©v Ges wkÿK‡ì `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨
evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq cuqlwÆ nvRvi miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq Ges wZb jÿvwaK wkÿK‡K myôzfv‡e cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿‡Yi
Rb¨ gvV ch©v‡q GKwU kw³kvjx cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gv i‡q‡Q| wefvMxq ch©v‡q cªv_wgK wkÿvi wefvMxq
Awdm, †Rjv ch©v‡q †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdm I cÖvBgvwi wUPvm© †Uªwbs Bbw÷wUDU, Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q Dc‡Rjv wkÿv
Awdm I Dc‡Rjv wi‡mvm© †m›Uvi Ges me©wb¤œ ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿvi mKj
Kvh©µg ev¯ÍevwqZ nq| G cÖwZôbmg~‡n cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx Rbej wb‡qvM Ges cÖwZwU ¯Í‡ii cÖwZôvb cÖav‡bi Rb¨ `vwqZ¡
I KZ©e¨ wba©viY I we‡K›`ªxKiY Kiv Av‡Q| G BDwb‡U wb¤œewY©Z 4wU mve BDwb‡Ui gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿvi
wewfbœ ch©v‡qi cÖwZôvb cÖavbM‡Yi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ eY©bv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q :
1. gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ : wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvjK, cÖv_wgK wkÿv, †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv
Awdmvi Ges wcwUAvB mycvwib‡U‡Û›U
2. Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi, mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi Ges Dc‡Rjv wi‡mvm© †m›Uv‡ii BÝUªv±i‡ì `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨
3. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨
4. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ AvPiY|
5.1 gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ : wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvjK,

cÖv_wgK wkÿv, †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi Ges wcwUAvB
mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿv †ÿ‡Î gvV ch©v‡qi wewfbœ ¯Í‡i wewfbœ ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©vMY `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii
Awdm cÖavb wn‡m‡e wefvMxq DccwiPvjK, †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi Ges wcwUAvB mycvwib‡U‡Û›U, Dc‡Rjv wkÿv
Awdmvi I BDAviwm BÝUªv±i, K¬v÷vi ch©v‡q mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi Ges me©wb¤œ ¯Í‡i miKvwi cÖv_wgK
we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿKMY `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| wb‡¤œ D³ Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ wee„Z Kiv n‡jv|
wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvj‡Ki `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨

wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvj‡Ki wb¤œewY©Z Pvi ai‡bi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ i‡q‡Q:
 wefv‡Mi AvIZvq cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó mKj ai‡bi Kvh©µ‡g †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb,
 cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó mKj ai‡bi Kvh©µg eë¯ vcbv,
 wefv‡Mi AvIZvaxb †Rjv I Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb Ges
 wefv‡Mi AvIZvaxb †Rjv I Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q msNwUZ cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó Kvh©µg ZË¡veavb|
wefv‡Mi AvIZvq cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó mKj ai‡bi Kvh©µ‡g †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb
K. wefv‡Mi mKj †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi Ges wcwUAvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W›UM‡Yi m‡½ wbqwgZ mgš^q mfv K‡i
cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Ð w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv,
L. cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi KZ©„K M„nxZ cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ wewfbœ cwjwm,
cwiKíbv I wb‡`©kbv h_vmg‡q gvVch©v‡qi wewfbœ `ßi I cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q ev¯Íevq‡b †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb Kiv I
ms‡hvM ¯ vcb,
M. cÖvK cÖv_wgK †kÖwY †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q Mg‡bvc‡hvMx mKj wkïi we‡klZt †g‡q wkï‡ì
we`¨vj‡q fwZ©i †ÿ‡Î mgZvwfwËK my‡hvM m„wó wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó mKj e¨w³eM©‡K
AbycÖvwYZ Kiv,
86
N. Dbœqb msµvšÍ wefv‡Mi hveZxq Kg©KvÐ m¤ú‡K© cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii
Kg©KZ©v‡ì AewnZ Kiv|
O. we‡kl Pvwn`v m¤úbœ wkï, ÿz`ª b„‡Mvwô wkï Ges Awbivc` wkïmn mKj wkï‡ì we`¨vj‡q fwZ©, Dcw¯ wZ, S‡i
cov †iva BZ¨vw` wel‡q we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbv KwgwUi m`m¨, wkÿK AwffveK Av¨‡mvwm‡qk‡bi m`m¨ Ges
mgv‡Ri e¨w³e‡M©i AskMÖn‡Y DØy× I AbycÖvwYZ Kiv|
cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó mKj ai‡bi Kvh©µg eë¯’vcbv msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨
K. †emiKvwi we`¨vjq ¯ vc‡bi AbygwZ cÖ`vb, †emiKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq †iwR‡÷ªkb cÖ`vb, †iwR‡÷ªkb evwZj
msµvšÍ KvR,
L. wefv‡Mi AvIZvaxb mKj wØZxq †kÖwYi Kg©KZ©v Ges Z…Zxq I PZz_© †kÖwYi Kg©Pvix‡K we`¨vjq, Dc‡Rjv wkÿv
Awdm, BDAviwm, †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdm, wcwUAvB Ges wbR `ß‡i wbqwgZ bxwZgvjv AbymiYc~e©K e`wj,
M. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK I mnKvix wkÿK‡ì AvšÍt‡Rjv e`wj,
N. wbR `ß‡ii beg †_‡K cÂg †MÖWfz³ Kg©KZ©v, 3q I PZz_© †kÖwYi Kg©Pvix Ges †Rjv I Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡qi
cÂg †MÖWfz³ Kg©KZ©v‡ì wZb gvm ch©šÍ wPwKrmvRwbZ Kvi‡Y AwR©Z QzwU, kÖvwšÍ we‡bv`b QzwU, gvZ…Z¡ QzwU
Aby‡gv`b,
O. wbR `ß‡ii wØZxq †kÖwYi Kg©KZ©v wcAviGj, †cbkb, cvwievwiK †cbkb, Aemi cÖ`vb msµvšÍ hveZxq KvR
(MYKg©Pvix Aemi AvBb 1974-Gi 9 (2) e¨ZxZ)|
P. wefv‡Mi AvIZvaxb †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi, wcwUAvB mycvwib‡U‡Û›U Ges wbR `ß‡ii Kg©KZ©v
Kg©Pvix‡ì wUG wej Aby‡gv`b,
Q. Avw_©K welqvw` wbqwgZ AwWU Kiv‡bvi eë¯ v MÖnY Ges hw` †Kv‡bv ai‡bi AwWU AvcwË DÌvwcZ nq Z‡e Zv
`ªæZ wb®úwËi eë¯ v MÖnY Kiv,
R. wefvMxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awd‡mi ¯ vei m¤úwËi `wjj, cP©v, LvRbv cwi‡kv‡ai iwm` cÖf…wZ bw_‡Z Ges
wbivc` ¯ v‡b msiÿY, A¯ vei m¤ú‡ì Rb¨ †iwR÷ªvi msiÿY Kiv,
S. wbR Kvh©vj‡q Kg©iZ mKj Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvix‡ì †eZb-fvZv I Ab¨vb¨ Znwe‡ji Avqb-e¨qb Kg©KZ©v wn‡m‡e
wewa †gvZv‡eK `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv Ges Ab¨vb¨ Avw_©K eë¯ vcbv|
T. wbR wefv‡Mi AvIZvaxb †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi, wcwUAvB mycvwib‡U‡Û›UM‡Yi evwl©K †Mvcbxq
cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb Ges mnKvix †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi, mnKvix mycvwib‡U‡Û›U, Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi,
wcwUAvB BÝUªv±i, BDAviwm BÝUªv±iM‡Yi evwl©K †Mvcbxq cÖwZ‡e`b cÖwZ¯^vÿi Kiv,
U. wbR `ß‡ii mnKvix cwiPvj‡Ki evwl©K †Mvcbxq cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb Ges Ab¨vb¨ Kg©KZv© I Kg©Pvix‡ìevwl©K
†Mvcbxq cÖwZ‡e`b cÖwZ¯^vÿi Kiv,
V. AMÖnY‡hvM¨ Kg©KvÐ, Am`vPiY Ges `yb©xwZi Kvi‡Y wbR `ßi Ges AvIZvaxb Awdmmg~‡ni Kg©KZ©v I
Kg©Pvix‡ì weiæ‡× wefvMxq eë¯ v MÖnY|
wefv‡Mi AvIZvaxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨

K. cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi KZ©„K RvixK…Z mKj Av‡`k, wb‡`©k I cwjwm gvV
ch©v‡q ev¯Íevqb wbwðZ Kiv,
L. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q Mg‡bvc‡hvMx mKj wkïi we`¨vj‡q fwZ© wbwðZ Kiv,
87
M. cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii cvV¨cy¯ÍK weZiY, cÖv_wgK mgvcbx cixÿv, evwl©K cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq ïgvwii (Annual
Primary School Census) DcvË msMÖn I Gw›Uª, wWwcGW cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ †KvUv Abyhvqx wkÿK
wbe©vPb BZ¨vw` Kvh©µg myôzfv‡e m¤úbœ n‡”Q wKbv gwbUwis Kiv,
N. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkï‡ì wefvMxq ch©v‡qi RvZxq wkÿv mßvn, µxov I mvs¯‥…wZK cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ges e½eÜz
I e½gvZv †eMg dwRjvZz‡bœmv gywRe †Mvì Kvc dzUej Uzb©v‡g›U BZ¨vw` m¤úbœ Kiv,
wefv‡Mi AvIZvaxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó Kvh©µg ZË¡veavb msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨
K. wbav©wiZ cÖgvc Abyhvqx cÖwZ gv‡m AvIZvaxb Awdm I we`¨vj‡qi (wZbwU we`¨vj‡qi Ges 2wU Awdm)
cÖkvmwbK I GKv‡WwgK Kvh©µg cwi`k©b,
L. wba©vwiZ QK eënvi K‡i †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdm, wcwUAvB, Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdm, BDAviwm Ges
cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb Ges cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb wefv‡M †cÖiY Kiv|
M. we`¨vjq I Awdm cwi`k©‡bi mgq mswkøó Kvh©vj‡qi Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix‡ì cvi`wk©Zv m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡qvRbxq
civgk© I wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv, GKB m‡½ wkÿK, cÖavb wkÿK Ges mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi‡ì
KvQ †_‡K djveZ©b (Feedback) MÖnY Kiv,
N. †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi Ges wcwUAvB mycvwib‡U‡Û›UM‡Yi cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb Kiv Ges g~j¨vqb
cÖwZ‡e`b cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb wefvM Ges mKj †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi I
wcwUAvB mycvwib‡U‡Û›U eive‡i †cÖiY Kiv|
O. †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi I wcwUAvB mycvwib‡U‡Û›U KZ©„K Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi Ges BDAviwm
BÝUªv±iM‡Yi cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`‡bi g~j¨vqb cÖwZ‡e`b ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv Ges †Kv‡bv ai‡bi mgm¨v wPwýZ n‡j
Zv wbim‡b h‡_vchy³ eë¯ v MÖnY Kiv A_ev EaŸ©Zb KZ©„cÿ‡K †m wel‡q eë¯ v MÖn‡Yi wbwgË AewnZ Kiv|
P. cwi`k©‡bi wba©vwiZ wb‡`©kbv I c×wZ Abyhvqx †Rjv cÖv_gwK wkÿv Awdmvi, wcwUAvB mycvwib‡U‡Û›U,
Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi Ges BDAviwm BÝUªv±iMY Zuv‡ì wbR wbR cÖgvc Abyhvqx cÖv_wgK we`¨vjqmg~n
cwi`k©b Ki‡Qb wKbv Zv ZË¡veavb Kiv Ges ¸YMZ gvb m¤úbœ cwi`k©b Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb wbwðZ Kiv|
Q. we`¨vjq ch©v‡q Dbœqb cwiKíbv (SLIP), cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi †f․Z AeKvVv‡gv I Water and Sanitation
eë¯ v Dbœqb Kvh©µg cwiexÿY I ZË¡veavb Kiv|
R. wcwUAvB-G cwiPvwjZ wW‡cøvgv Bb cÖvBgvwi GWz‡Kkb cÖwkÿY Kvh©µg ZË¡veavb Kiv|
†Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv AwdmviM‡Yi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨

wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvj‡Ki b¨vq †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmv‡ii wbR Awa‡ÿ‡Î mywbw`©ó f~wgKv, `vwqZ¡ Ges KZ©e¨ Av‡Q|
cÖv_wgK wkÿv †ÿ‡Î Zuvi f~wgKv, `vwqZ¡ Ges KZ©e¨mg~‡ni wel‡q wZwb EaŸ©Zb KZ©„c‡ÿi wbKU `vqe×|
†Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmv‡ii wb¤œewY©Z Pvi ai‡bi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ i‡q‡Q:
 †Rjv ch©v‡qi cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó mKj ai‡bi Kvh©µ‡g †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb,
 †Rjv ch©v‡qi cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó mKj ai‡bi Kvh©µg eë¯ vcbv,
 †Rjv ch©v‡qi cÖv_wgK wkÿv ev¯Íevqb Kvh©µg cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb Ges
 †Rjvi AvIZvaxb Dc‡Rjv I we`¨vjq ch©v‡q msNwUZ cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó Kvh©µg ZË¡veavb|
88
†Rjv ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î †bZ…Z¡`vb msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ :
K. gvbm¤§Z cÖv_wgK wkÿv cwiKíbv cÖwµqvq Askx`vwiZ¡ I mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ GjvKvi myweav‡fvMx e¨w³eM©,
we‡`¨vrmvnx, mswkøó Kg©KZ©v Ges †Rjvi wewfbœ ms¯ vi e¨w³eM©‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv,
L. cÖ‡Z¨K Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i evwl©K I •ÎgvwmK Kv‡Ri D‡Ïk¨ I cwiKíbv
wba©viY Kiv|
M. †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awd‡mi Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix‡ì cvwÿK cÖkvmwbK Kv‡Ri jÿ¨ wba©viY Ki‡eb Ges
ev¯Íevqb AMÖMwZ ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv|
N. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii Kg©KZ©v‡`র †Rjv ch©v‡q jÿ¨ m¤ú‡K© AewnZ Kiv Ges `„óvšÍg~jK †bZ…Z¡ †`qv,
O. wbqwgZ †Rjvi mKj Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi Ges BDAviwm BÝUªv±iM‡Yi m‡½ cÖwZ gv‡m mgš^q mfv Ges
mnKvix Dc‡Rjv _vbv wkÿv Awdmvi‡ìmn GKwU •ÎgvwmK mfv K‡i cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó Dbœqb Kg©KvÐ
m¤ú‡K© ch©v‡jvPbv I w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv,
P. cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi KZ©„K M„nxZ wewfbœ cwjwm, cwiKíbv I wb‡`©kbv
h_vmg‡q Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdm, BDAviwm Ges cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq ch©v‡q ev¯Íevq‡b †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb Kiv,
Q. EaŸ©Zb KZ©„cÿ I gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©v‡ì gv‡S †hvMv‡hvM Kiv,
R. cÖvK cÖv_wgK †kÖwY †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q Mg‡bvc‡hvMx mKj wkïi we‡klZt †g‡q wkï‡ì
AbycÖvwYZ Kiv,
S. we‡kl Pvwn`v m¤úbœ wkï, ÿz`ª b„‡Mvwô wkï Ges Awbivc` wkïmn mKj wkï‡ì we`¨vj‡q fwZ©, Dcw¯ wZ, S‡i
mgv‡Ri e¨w³e‡M©i AskMÖnY‡K DØy× I AbycÖvwYZ Kiv|
†Rjv ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯’vcbv msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ :

K. †Rjvi AvIZvaxb Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi KZ…©K cÖavb wkÿK‡ì Rb¨ Av‡qvwRZ mgš^q mfvq ch©vqµ‡g
Dcw¯ Z _vKv|
L. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK‡ì wb‡qvMKZ©v wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ges †Rjv ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿK‡ì wb‡qvM
cixÿv cwiPvjbvq m`m¨ mwP‡ei `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv|
M. wbR Kvh©vj‡qi Kg©iZ mKj Kg©Pvix‡ì †eZb-fvZv I Ab¨vb¨ Znwe‡ji Avqb-e¨qb Kg©KZ©v wn‡m‡e wewa
†gvZv‡eK `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv Ges Ab¨vb¨ Avw_©K eë¯ vcbv|
N. wkÿK‡ì c‡`vbœwZ cÖ`v‡bi cÖ¯Íve cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡i †cÖiY|
O. †Rjvi AvIZvaxb Z…Zxq I PZz_© †kÖwYi Kg©Pvix‡K we`¨vjq, Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdm Ges wbR `ß‡i wbqwgZ
bxwZgvjv AbymiYc~e©K e`wj,
P. e`wji bxwZgvjv Abyhvqx cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK I mnKvix wkÿ‡ì AvšÍt Dc‡Rjv e`wj Ges
Dc‡Rjvi g‡a¨ e`wji AbygwZ cÖ`vb,
Q. †Rjvi AvIZvaxb Dc‡Rjvmg~‡ni I wbR `ß‡ii beg †_‡K lô †MÖWfz³ cÖ_g I wØZxq †kÖwYi Kg©KZ©v Ges
Z…Zxq I PZy_© †kÖwYi Kg©Pvix‡ì wPwKrmv QzwU, AwR©Z QzwU, kÖvwšÍ we‡bv`b QzwU, gvZ…Z¡ QzwU Aby‡gv`b,
R. wbR `ßi Ges Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awd‡mi mKj wØZxq †kÖwYi Kg©KZ©v, miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK
Ges mnKvix wkÿK‡ì wcAviGj, †cbkb, cvwievwiK †cbkb, Aemi cÖ`vb msµvšÍ hveZxq KvR
(MYKg©Pvix Aemi AvBb 1974-Gi 9 (2) e¨ZxZ)|
89
S. mnKvix †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi Ges Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi Ges wbR `ß‡ii Ab¨vb¨ Kg©KZ©v
Kg©Pvix‡ì wUG wej Aby‡gv`b,
T. Avw_©K welqvw` wbqwgZ AwWU Kiv‡bvi eë¯ v Kiv Ges hw` †Kv‡bv ai‡bi AwWU AvcwË DÌvwcZ nq Z‡e Zv
U. †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awd‡mi ¯ vei m¤úwËi `wjj, cP©v, LvRbv cwi‡kv‡ai iwm` cÖf…wZ bw_‡Z Ges wbivc`
¯ v‡b msiÿY, A¯ vei m¤ú‡ì Rb¨ †iwR÷ªvi msiÿY Kiv,
V. mnKvix †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi, mnKvix gwbUwis Awdmvi Ges Ab¨vb¨ Kg©Pvixmn Dc‡Rjv wkÿv
AwdmviM‡Yi evwl©K †Mvcbxq cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb Ges mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv AwdmviM‡Yi evwl©K †Mvcbxq
cÖwZ‡e`b cÖwZ¯^vÿi Kiv,
W. Am`vPiY, `ybx©wZ, `vwq‡Z¡ Ae‡njv cÖf…wZ Kvh©µ‡gi Kvi‡Y wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvj‡Ki Kvh©vj‡qi gva¨‡g
Kg©KZ©v, Kg©Pvix I cÖavb wkÿK‡ì weiæ‡× wefvMxq kvw¯Íg~jK eë¯ v MÖn‡Yi cÖ¯vÍ e cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡i
†cÖiY Ges wkÿK‡ì weiæ‡× wefvMxq eë¯ v MªnY|
cÖv_wgK wkÿv ev¯Íevqb msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨
K. cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi KZ©„K RvixK…Z mKj Av‡`k, wb‡`©k I cwjwm gvV
L. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q Mg‡bvc‡hvMx mKj wkïi we`¨vj‡q fwZ© wbwðZ Kiv,
M. cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii cvV¨cy¯ÍK weZiY, cÖv_wgK mgvcbx cixÿv, evwl©K cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq ïgvwii (Annual
Primary School Census) DcvË msMÖn I Gw›Uª, wWwcGW cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ †KvUv Abyhvqx wkÿK
wbe©vPb BZ¨vw` Kvh©µg myôzfv‡e m¤úbœ n‡”Q wKbv gwbUwis Kiv,
N. Dc‡Rjv/_vbv ch©v‡q Pjgvb Dce„wË cÖK‡íi Kvh©µg Z`viK Kiv|
O. Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wi‡mvm© †m›Uv‡i wewfbœ Kg©m~wP MÖnY I ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î mswkøó wcwUAvB Gi mycvi‡K
cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv Kiv|
P. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkï‡ì wefvMxq ch©v‡qi RvZxq wkÿv mßvn, µxov I mvs¯‥…wZK cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ges e½eÜz
Q. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK wb‡qvM Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb Kiv,
R. †Rjv ch©v‡q jÿ¨mg~n ev¯Íevq‡b evwl©K I ¯^í‡gqvw` cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv,
S. wewfbœ K¬v÷vi AšÍfz©³ we`¨vj‡q Av‡qvwRZ mnwkÿvµwgK Kvh©µg †hgb, RvZxq wèm, µxov ev mvs¯‥…wZK
Abyôv‡b Dcw¯ Z †_‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv|
T. †Rjv Dbœqb mgš^q mfvq Dcw¯ Z _vKv Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯ vi AMÖMwZ mfv‡K AewnZ Kiv|
U. Dc‡Rjvi Dbœqbg~jK cÖKí, we‡klZ cÖv_wgK wkÿv m¤úwK©Z cÖKímg~n ev¯Íevqb Kvh©µg Z`viwK I cÖK‡íi
m‡½ m¤ú„³ e¨w³e‡M©i mv‡_ Nwbôfv‡e KvR Kiv|
cÖv_wgK wkÿv ZË¡veavb msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨
K. wba©vwiZ QK eënvi K‡i cÖwZ gv‡m 2 wU Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdm Ges 3wU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cwi`k©b K‡i
cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb Ges wefvMxq DccwiPvjK eivei †cÖiY Kiv|
L. we`¨vjq I Awdm cwi`k©‡bi mgq mswkøó Kvh©vj‡qi Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix‡ì cvi`wk©Zv m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡qvRbxq
civgk© I wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv, GKB m‡½ wkÿK, cÖavb wkÿK Ges mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi‡ì
KvQ †_‡K djveZ©b (Feed back) MÖnY Kiv,
90
M. we`¨vjq cwi`k©bKv‡j we`¨vj‡qi mvwe©K Kg©KvÐ m¤úv`‡b DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z GjvKvi e¨w³eM© I
wcZvgvZv/AwffveK‡ì mv‡_ mvÿvr Kiv|
N. Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii we`¨vjq cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb Kiv Ges g~j¨vqb cÖwZ‡e`b cÖwZgv‡mi cÖ_g
mßv‡n wefvMxq DccwiPvjK eive‡i †cÖiY Kiv|
O. mKj cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b ch©v‡jvPbv I h‡_vchy³ eë¯ v MÖn‡Yi wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Ges †Rjvi wbqš¿Yvax‡b
c`‡ÿç‡jv ev¯Íevqb wbwðZ Kiv|
P. cwi`k©‡b cÖvß Z_¨vwì wfwË‡Z wba©vwiZ Q‡K eQ‡i `yÕevi cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi‡K Kg©cwiKíbvi wfwË‡Z
†Rjvi AMÖMwZi ÷¨vUvm wi‡cvU©(Status report) cÖ`vb Kiv|
Q. mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi‡ì cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`‡bi g~j¨vqb cÖwZ‡e`b ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv Ges †Kv‡bv
ai‡bi mgm¨v wPwýZ n‡j Zv wbim‡b h‡_vchy³ eë¯ v MÖnY Kiv|
R. cwi`k©‡bi wba©vwiZ wb‡`©kbv I c×wZ Abyhvqx Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi Ges mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv
AwdmviMY Zuv‡ì wbR wbR cÖgvc Abyhvqx cÖv_wgK we`¨vjqmg~n cwi`k©b Ki‡Qb wKbv Zv ZË¡veavb Kiv Ges
¸YMZ gvb m¤úbœ cwi`k©b Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb wbwðZ Kiv|
S. we`¨vjq ch©v‡q Dbœqb cwiKíbv (SLIP), cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi †f․Z AeKvVv‡gv I Water and Sanitation
eë¯ v Dbœqb Kvh©µg cwiexÿY I ZË¡veavb Kiv|
T. gvV ch©v‡q msM„nxZ DcvË †Rjv WvUv‡e‡m msiÿY I wbqwgZ nvjwdj wbwðZ Kiv|
U. gvV ch©v‡qi mKj msM„nxZ DcvË m¤ú„³ e¨w³eM©‡K AewnZ Ges cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq¸‡jvi mvwe©K ¸MZgvb
Dbœq‡b †m¸‡jvi eënvi wbwðZ Kiv|
wcwUAvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W›UM‡Yi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨

evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿv †ÿ‡Î cÖvBgvwi wUPvm© †Uªwbs BÝwUwUDU (wcwUAvB)-Gi f~wgKv Abb¨| cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi
cÖavb wkÿK Ges mnKvix wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœq‡bi †ÿ‡Î g~j cÖwkÿY: mvwU©wd‡KU Bb GWz‡Kkb Ges
wW‡cøvgv Bb cÖvBgvwi GWz‡Kkb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ G cÖwZôvb `vwqZ¡cÖvß| evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b miKvwi 67wU Ges
†emiKvwi 1 wU me©‡gvU 68wU cÖvBgvwi wUPvm© †Uªwbs BÝwUwUDU i‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU wcwUAvB-G GKwU K‡i cixÿY we`¨vjqI
i‡q‡Q| wcwUAvB-Gi cÖavb `vwqZ¡cÖvß Kg©KZ©v n‡”Qb wcwUAvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U| Zuvi Aax‡b GKRb mnKvix
mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U, 17 Rb BÝUªv±i, cuvP Rb cixÿY we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK, GK Rb mnKvix jvB‡eªwiqvb Ges K‡qKRb3q
I 4_© †kÖwYi Kg©Pvixi mn‡hvwMZvq wZwb wcwUAvB-Gi mvwe©K Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡ib|
cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó mKj Kg©KZ©v‡ì g‡Zv wcwUAvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U-Gi Pvi ai‡bi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ i‡q‡Q :
 cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ `xN©‡gqvw` wkÿK cÖwkÿY Kvh©µ‡g †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb,
 wcwUAvB Gi mvwe©K Kvh©µg eë¯ vcbv,
 wmBbGW, wWwcGW I Ab¨vb¨ ¯^í‡gqvw` cÖwkÿY Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb, cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb,
 wcwUAvB-G cwiPvwjZ mKj ai‡Yi cÖwkÿYmn BDAviwm‡Z cwiPvwjZ cÖwkÿY Kvh©µg I Ab¨vb¨ GKv‡WwgK
Kvh©µg ZË¡veavb|
wcwUAvB-Gi Kvh©µ‡g †bZ…Z¡`vb msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ :

K. GKv‡WwgK Ges cÖkvmwbK cÖavb wn‡m‡e wcwUAvB-Gi wfkb ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb Ges ms‡hvM mvab,
wcwUAvB-Gi cÖavb wn‡m‡e cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó wewfbœ Abyôv‡b wcwUAvB-Gi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Kiv,
L. wbR mnKgx© †hgb- mnKvwi mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U, wcwUAvB BÝUªv±i, BDAviwm BÝUªv±i, mnKvix BÝUªv±i Ges
cixÿY we`¨vj‡qi wkÿKMY‡K Zuv‡ì AvIZvq ev¯Íevqb‡hvM¨ Kvh©µg myôzfv‡e ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ †bZ„Z¡ cÖ`vb
Kiv,
91
M. cÖwZ gv‡m wbqwgZ wcwUAvB BÝUªv±i, Zuvi AvIZvaxb BDAviwm BÝUªv±i Ges cixÿY we`¨vj‡qi wkÿKM‡Yi
m‡½ mgš^q mfv K‡i cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Ði w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv,
N. Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wi‡mvm© †m›Uv‡i wewfbœ Kg©m~wP MÖnY I ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î mswkøó †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi I
Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi‡ì m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM ¯ vcb Kiv,
O. cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi KZ©„K M„nxZ cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ wewfbœ cwjwm,
cwiKíbv I wb‡`©kbv h_vmg‡q wcwUAvB Ges BDAviwm‡Z ev¯Íevq‡b †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb I ms‡hvM ¯ vcb Kiv,
P. cixÿY we`¨vj‡q cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †kÖwY †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ wkï‡ì we‡klZt †g‡q wkï‡ì we`¨vj‡q fwZ©i
†ÿ‡Î mgZvwfwËK my‡hvM m„wó wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ mswkøó mKj e¨w³eM©‡K AbycÖvwYZ Kiv,
Q. wcwUAvB-Gi AvIZvq Dbœqb msµvšÍ hveZxq Kg©KvÐ m¤ú‡K© cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv
Awa`ß‡ii Kg©KZ©v‡ì AewnZ Kiv|
wcwUAvB-Gi Kvh©µg eë¯’vcbv msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ :

K. wcwUAvB-Gi mvgwMÖK evwl©K Kg©cwiKíbv, cvV cwiKíbv Ges K¬vm iæwUb cÖYqb, mnKvix mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U,
BÝUªv±i Ges Ab¨vb¨ Kg©Pvix‡ì g‡a¨ Kg©eÈb Kiv Ges BÝUªv±i Ges cixÿY we`¨vj‡qi wkÿKMY‡K
mywbw`©ó `vwqZ¡ Ac©b Kiv,
L. mnKvix mycvwib‡U‡Û›U‡K cixÿY we`¨vjq cwiPvjbv I eë¯ vcbvi `vwqZ¡ Ac©b Kiv,
M. wcwUAvB-Gi Af¨šÍixY wewfbœ Znwej †hgb- †Ljvayjv, •ZRmcÎ, K…wl, mvs¯‥…wZK, Af¨šÍixY cixÿv, †K›`ªxq
cixÿv cÖf…wZ Znwe‡ji Rb¨ GK GKRb BÝUªv±i‡K e¨q I wnmve msiÿY, K¨vkeB nvjwdjKiY cÖf…wZi
`vwqZ¡ Ac©b Kiv,
N. wbR Kvh©vj‡qi Kg©iZ mKj Kg©KZ©v, Kg©Pvix Ges cÖwkÿYv_x©‡ì †eZb-fvZv I Ab¨vb¨ Znwe‡ji Avqb-
e¨qb Kg©KZ©v wn‡m‡e wewa †gvZv‡eK `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv,
O. cÖwkÿY Kvjxb mg‡q cÖwkÿYv_x© wkÿK‡ì mvwf©m eB nvjwdj Kiv,
P. AvIZvaxb BDAviwm I wbR `ß‡ii beg †_‡K lô †MÖWfz³ cÖ_g I wØZxq †kÖwYi Kg©KZ©v Ges Z…Zxq I PZy_©
†kÖwYi Kg©Pvix‡ì AwR©Z QzwU, kÖvwšÍ we‡bv`b QzwU, gvZ…Z¡ QzwU Aby‡gv`b Kiv,
Q. BDAviwmmg~‡ni I wbR `ß‡ii wØZxq †kÖwYi Kg©KZ©v Ges Z…Zxq I PZz_© †kÖwYi Kg©Pvix‡ì wcAviGj,
†cbkb, cvwievwiK †cbkb, Aemi cÖ`vb msµvšÍ hveZxq KvR (MYKg©Pvix Aemi AvBb 1974-Gi 9 (2)
e¨ZxZ) Kiv|
R. mnKvix mycvwib‡U‡Û›U, BDAviwm BÝUªv±i, mnKvix BÝUªv±i, mnKvix jvB‡eªwiqvb Ges wbR `ß‡ii Ab¨vb¨
Kg©KZ©v Kg©Pvix‡ì wUG wej Aby‡gv`b Kiv,
S. wcwUAvB-Gi Avw_©K welqvw` wbqwgZ AwWU Kiv‡bvi eë¯ v Kiv Ges hw` †Kv‡bv ai‡bi AwWU AvcwË
DÌvwcZ nq Z‡e Zv `ªæZ wb®úwËi eë¯ v MÖnY Kiv,
T. wcwUAvB-Gi ¯ vei m¤úwËi `wjj, cP©v, LvRbv cwi‡kv‡ai iwm` cÖf…wZ bw_‡Z Ges wbivc` ¯ v‡b msiÿY,
A¯ vei m¤ú‡ì Rb¨ †iwR÷ªvi msiÿY Kiv,
U. wbR cÖwZôv‡bi mnKvix mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U, BÝUªv±i, BDAviwm BÝUªv±iM‡Yi evwl©K †Mvcbxq cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb
Ges mnKvix BDAviwm BÝUªv±iM‡Yi evwl©K †Mvcbxq cÖwZ‡e`b cÖwZ¯^vÿi Kiv,
V. wbR `ß‡ii Ab¨vb¨ Kg©Pvix‡ì evwl©K †Mvcbxq cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb Kiv,
92
W. Am`vPiY, `ybx©wZ, `vwq‡Z¡ Ae‡njv cÖf…wZ Kvh©µ‡gi Kvi‡Y cÖwkÿYv_x© wkÿK‡ì weiæ‡× wefvMxq kvw¯Íg~jK
eë¯ v MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awd‡m cÖ¯vÍ e †cÖiYKiv,
X. Am`vPiY, `ybx©wZ, `vwq‡Z¡ Ae‡njv cÖf…wZ Kvh©µ‡gi Kvi‡Y wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvj‡Ki Kvh©vj‡qi gva¨‡g
Kg©KZ©v, Kg©Pvix‡ì weiæ‡× wefvMxq kvw¯Íg~jK eë¯ v MÖn‡Yi cÖ¯vÍ e cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡i †cÖiYKiv|
wcwUAvB-Gi Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨

K. cixÿY we`¨vj‡q cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ wkï we`¨vj‡q fwZ© wbwðZ Kiv,
L. cixÿY we`¨vj‡qi wkÿv_x©‡ì Rb¨ wba©vwiZ mg‡q cvV¨cy¯ÍK msMÖn I weZiY wbwðZ Kiv,
M. eQ‡ii ïiæ‡Z wWwcGW cÖwkÿ‡Y wkÿK‡ì fwZ© wbwðZ Kiv,
N. eQ‡ii ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ wmBbGW/wWwcGW cÖwkÿY ev¯Íevqb Kvh©µg cwiexÿY Kiv,
O. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì Rb¨ wba©vwiZ Abykxjbx cvV`vb Kvh©µ‡gi Av‡qvRb cwiexÿY Kiv,
P. eQ‡ii wba©vwiZ mg‡q wmBbGW/wWwcGW I cixÿY we`¨vj‡qi Rb¨ Aa©evwl©K I evwl©K cixÿvmg~n cwiPvjbv
I ev¯Íevqb Kiv,
Q. wcwUAvB-G AbywôZ wewfbœ mncvVµwgK Kvh©µg †hgb- evwl©K wkÿv mdi, evwl©K µxov I mvs¯‥…wZK
cÖwZ‡hvwMZv cwiPvjbv I ev¯Íevqb Kiv,
R. wewfbœ RvZxq wèm, c‡njv •ekvL, wkÿv mßvn, mvÿiZv wèm cÖf…wZ D`hvcb Kiv,
S. `yBRb BÝUªv±i‡K gwnjv I cyiæl †nv‡÷‡ji `vwqZ¡ Ac©b Ges gwnjv I cyiæl †nv‡÷‡ji cÖwkÿYv_x©‡ì
Ae¯ vb I †nv‡÷j eë¯ vcbv cwiexÿY Kiv,
wcwUAvB I BDAviwmi Kvh©µg ZË¡veavb msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨
K. wba©vwiZ QK eënvi K‡i BDAviwm Ges cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cwi`k©b, cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb Ges cwi`k©b
cÖwZ‡e`b wefvMxq DccwiPvjK eive‡i †cÖiY Kiv|
L. we`¨vjq I BDAviwm cwi`k©‡bi †k‡l wkÿK, cÖavb wkÿK Ges BDAviwm BÝUªv±i‡ì m‡½ Av‡jvPbv Kiv,
Zv‡ì e³e¨ †kvbv Ges Kg©KZ©v, Kg©Pvix Ges wkÿK‡ì cvi`wk©Zv m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡qvRbxq djveZ©b
(Feedback), civgk© I wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv,
M. BDAviwm BÝUªv±iM‡Yi cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb Kiv Ges g~j¨vqb cÖwZ‡e`b wefvMxq DccwiPvjK Ges
mKj BDAviwm BÝUªv±i eive‡i †cÖiY Kiv|
N. mnKvix BDAviwm BÝUªv±iM‡Yi cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`‡bi g~j¨vqb cÖwZ‡e`b ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv Ges †Kv‡bv ai‡bi
mgm¨v wPwýZ n‡j Zv wbim‡b h‡_vchy³ eë¯ v MÖnY Kiv A_ev EaŸ©Zb KZ©„cÿ‡K †m wel‡q eë¯ v MÖn‡Yi
wbwg‡Ë AewnZ Kiv,
O. cwi`k©‡bi wba©vwiZ wb‡`©kbv I c×wZ Abyhvqx BDAviwm BÝUªv±iMY Zuv‡ì cÖgvc Abyhvqx cÖv_wgK
we`¨vjqmg~n cwi`k©b Ki‡Qb wKbv Zv ZË¡veavb Kiv Ges ¸YMZ gvb m¤úbœ cwi`k©b Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb
wbwðZ Kiv,
P. wcwUAvB-G cwiPvwjZ wW‡cøvgv Bb cÖvBgvwi GWz‡Kkb cÖwkÿY Kvh©µg ZË¡veavb Kiv,
Q. wcwUAvB-Gi jvB‡eªwii msµvšÍ Kvh©µg wbqwgZ ZË¡veavb Kiv,
R. cixÿY we`¨vj‡q cwiPvwjZ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg ZË¡veavb Ges wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi gv‡bvbœq‡bi Rb¨
wkÿK‡ì cvi`wk©Zv m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡qvRbxq djveZ©b (Feedback), civgk© I wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv|
(Z_¨m~Î : cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi-Gi Kg©KZ©v-Kg©PvixM‡Yi Kg©eÈb-2016)
93
5.2 Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi, mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi Ges
Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wi‡mvm© †m›Uv‡ii BÝUªv±i‡ì `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨
cÖv_wgK wkÿv †ÿ‡Î Dc‡Rjv/_vbv ch©v‡q Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi, mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi,
Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wi‡mvm© †m›Uv‡ii BÝUªv±i I mnKvix BÝUªv±iMY ¯^ ¯^ cÖwZôv‡bi wba©vwiZ Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g cÖv_wgK I
MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi KZ©„K M„nxZ cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb K‡i _v‡Kb| wb‡¤œ D³
Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ wee„Z Kiv n‡jv|
Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi‡ì `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨
†Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmv‡ii b¨vq Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii wbR Awa‡ÿ‡Î mywbw`©ó f~wgKv, `vwqZ¡ Ges KZ©e¨
Av‡Q| cÖv_wgK wkÿv †ÿ‡Î Zuvi f~wgKv, `vwqZ¡ Ges KZ©e¨mg~‡ni wel‡q wZwb EaŸ©Zb KZ©„c‡ÿi wbKU `vqe×|
Dc‡Rjv /_vbv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii Pvi ai‡bi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ i‡q‡Q:
 Dc‡Rjv/_vbvi cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó mKj ai‡bi Kvh©µ‡g †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb,
 Dc‡Rjv/_vbvi cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó mKj ai‡bi Kvh©µg eë¯ vcbv,
 Dc‡Rjv/_vbvi cÖv_wgK wkÿv ev¯Íevqb Kvh©µg cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb Ges
 Dc‡Rjv/_vbvi AvIZvaxb Dc‡Rjv I we`¨vjq ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó Kvh©µg ZË¡veavb|
Dc‡Rjv/_vbv ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î †bZ…Z¡`vb msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ :

K. Dc‡Rjv/_vbvi cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨ wba©vi‡Y mswkøó e¨w³eM©‡K GKv‡WwgK †bZ…Z¡ †Ìqv Ges wkÿvi
¸YMZgvb wbwðZ Kiv|
L. gvbm¤§Z cÖv_wgK wkÿv cwiKíbv cÖwµqvq Askx`vwiZ¡ I mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ GjvKvi myweav‡fvMx e¨w³eM©,
we‡`¨vrmvnx, mswkøó Kg©KZ©v Ges DcRjvi wewfbœ ms¯ vi e¨w³eM©‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv,
M. mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv AwdmviM‡Yi m‡½ Av‡jvPbv K‡i evwl©K I •ÎgvwmK Kv‡Ri D‡Ïk¨ I cwiKíbv
wba©viY Kiv|
N. cÖwZeQi we`¨vjq ch©v‡q K¨vP‡g›U GjvKvi wkï Rwi‡c †bZ…Z¡ †Ìqv|
O. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi I †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdm‡K Dc‡Rjv/_vbv ch©v‡qi cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨ I
D‡Ï‡k¨ AewnZ Kiv Ges `„óvšÍg~jK †bZ…Z¡ †Ìqv,
P. wbqwgZ Dc‡Rjv/_vbvi mKj mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvimn gvwmK I •ÎgvwmK mfv K‡i cÖv_wgK
wkÿv mswkøó Dbœqb Kg©KvÐ m¤ú‡K© ch©v‡jvPbv I w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv,
Q. cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi KZ©„K M„nxZ wewfbœ cwjwm, cwiKíbv I wb‡`©kbv
h_vmg‡q Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdm Ges cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq ch©v‡q ev¯Íevq‡b †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb Kiv,
R. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœq‡b Ae`vb ivL‡Z cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii m‡½ h_vh_
KZ…©c‡ÿi gva¨‡g †hvMv‡hvM Kiv,
S. cÖvK cÖv_wgK †kÖwY †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q Mg‡bvc‡hvMx mKj wkïi we‡klZt †g‡q wkï‡ì
AbycÖvwYZ Kiv,
T. we‡kl Pvwn`v m¤úbœ wkï, ÿz`ª b„‡Mvôx wkï Ges Awbivc` wkïmn mKj wkï‡ì we`¨vj‡q fwZ©, Dcw¯ wZ, S‡i
U. we`¨vjq g¨v‡bwRs KwgwU I wkÿK AwffveK mwgwZi m`m¨‡ì h_vh_ `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b AbycÖvwYZ Kiv|
94
Dc‡Rjv/_vbv ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯’vcbv msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ :
K. cÖwZ gv‡m Dc‡Rjv/_vbvi mKj miKvix cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK‡ì Rb¨ mgš^q mfvi Av‡qvRb Kiv
Ges mgš^q mfvq evwl©K cwiKíbv Abyhvqx cÖv_wgK wkÿvi AMÖMwZ ch©v‡jvPvbv Kiv,
L. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK wb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ wbqwgZ k~b¨ c‡ì ZvwjKv cÖYqb Ges †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi
eive‡i †cÖiY Kiv,
M. wbR Kvh©vj‡q Kg©iZ Kg©KZ©v/Kg©Pvix‡ì †eZb-fvZv, cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK I mnKvix wkÿK‡ì
†eZb fvZv I Ab¨vb¨ Znwe‡ji Avqb-e¨qb Kg©KZ©v wn‡m‡e wewa †gvZv‡eK `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv,
N. wkÿK‡ì c‡`vbœwZ cÖ`v‡bi cÖ¯Íve †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awd‡m †cÖiY Kiv,
O. wkÿv_x©‡ì Dce„wË weZiY Kvh©µg Z`viK Kiv, Dce„wËmn mKj cÖK‡íi †iwR÷ªvi msiÿY I nvjwdj ivLv,
wba©vwiZ bxwZgvjv †gvZv‡eK Dce„wË eÈb Z`viK Ges Dce„wËi A_© eÈ‡bi ¯^”QZv wbwðZ Kiv,
P. †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmv‡ii Aby‡gv`bµ‡g mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi‡ì Rb¨ K¬v÷vi wPwýZ Kiv,
Q. Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wi‡mvm© †m›Uv‡i Pjgvb wewfbœ cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wP‡Z wkÿK wbe©vPb I †Wcy‡Ukb Av‡`k Rvix Kiv
Ges BDAviwm‡Z cwiPvwjZ wewfbœ Kg©m~wP MÖnY I ev¯Íevq‡b mvwe©K mnvqZv Kiv,
R. e`wji bxwZgvjv Abyhvqx cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK I mnKvix wkÿK‡ì Dc‡Rjvi Af¨šÍ‡i e`wj Kiv,
S. wbR `ß‡ii Z…Zxq I PZy_© †kÖwYi Kg©Pvix‡ì wPwKrmv QzwU, kÖvwšÍ we‡bv`b QzwU, gvZ…Z¡ QzwU Aby‡gv`b Kiv,
T. mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi‡ì evrmwiK Kg©cwiKíbv, ågYm~wP, ågY weeiYx Aby‡gv`b I ågY wej cvm
Kiv,
U. cÖwZ we`¨vj‡qi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ Q‡K c„_K c„_K bw_ I †iwR÷ªv‡i Z_¨/wnmve msiÿY, G bw_¸‡jv‡Z
we`¨vj‡qi Rwg, m¤úwË, LvRbv, †c․iKi I wej cwi‡kva, M„n welqK Z_¨, AvmevecÎ, wkÿK‡ì Rxeb
e„ËvšÍ Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv cwimsL¨vb MÖnY I msiÿY Kiv, msM„nxZ Z_¨vw` Pvwn`v †gvZv‡eK mieiv‡ni Rb¨
nvjbvMv` K‡i cwimsL¨vb MÖnY I msiÿY Kiv,
V. mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi, cÖavb wkÿK‡ì I Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Kvh©vj‡q Kg©iZ Z…Zxq I PZz_©
†kÖwYi Kg©Pvix‡ì evwl©K †Mvcbxq cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb Ges mnKvix wkÿK‡ì evwl©K †Mvcbxq cÖwZ‡e`b
Aby¯^vÿi Kiv,
W. Dc‡Rjvi mKj cÖavb wkÿK Ges mnKvix wkÿK‡ì mvwf©m eyK I †iwR÷ªvi mg~n msiÿY Kiv,
X. Avw_©K welqvw` wbqwgZ AwWU Kiv‡bvi eë¯ v Kiv Ges hw` †Kv‡bv ai‡bi AwWU AvcwË DÌvwcZ nq Z‡e Zv
Y. Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awd‡mi ¯ vei m¤úwËi `wjj, cP©v, LvRbv cwi‡kv‡ai iwm` cÖf…wZ bw_‡Z Ges wbivc` ¯ v‡b
msiÿY, A¯ vei m¤ú‡ì Rb¨ †iwR÷vi msiÿY Kiv,
Z. Am`vPiY, `ybx©wZ, `vwq‡Z¡ Ae‡njv cÖf…wZ Kvh©µ‡gi Kvi‡Y wbR `ß‡ii Kg©Pvix, cÖavb wkÿK Ges mnKvix
wkÿK‡ì weiæ‡× wefvMxq kvw¯Íg~jK eë¯ v MÖn‡Yi cÖ¯vÍ e †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awd‡m †cÖiY Kiv|
K. Dc‡Rjv/_vbv ch©v‡qi jÿ¨mg~n ev¯Íevq‡b evwl©K I ¯^í‡gqvw` cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv|
L. †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi KZ©„K Avn~Z gvwmK mgš^q mfvq h_vmg‡q AskMÖnY Kiv, mfvq Dc‡Rjv
ch©v‡qi cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kvh©µ‡gi AMªMwZ AewnZ Kiv Ges †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi KZ©„K wb‡`©wkZ
Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb Kiv,
M. cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi KZ©„K RvixK…Z mKj Av‡`k, wb‡`©k I cwjwm gvV
N. cÖvK cÖv_wgK †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q Mg‡bvc‡hvMx mKj wkïi we`¨vj‡q fwZ© wbwðZ Kiv,
95
O. cÖwZwU we`¨vj‡q wba©vwiZ mg‡q cvV¨cy¯ÍK weZiY wbwðZ Kiv|
P. cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvcbx cixÿv, evwl©K cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq ïgvwi (Annual Primary School Census) -Gi
DcvË msMÖn I Gw›Uª, wWwcGW cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ †KvUv Abyhvqx wkÿK wbe©vPb BZ¨vw` Kvh©µg myôzfv‡e
ev¯Íevqb Kiv,
Q. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkï‡ì Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡qi RvZxq wkÿv mßvn, µxov I mvs¯‥…wZK cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ges e½eÜz
R. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK wb‡qvM Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡b †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi (wWwcBI) †K mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb,
S. cÖwZ A_© eQ‡ii cÖvi‡¤¢ Dc‡Rjv mswkøó mKj Kg©KZ©v, Kg©Pvix I wkÿK‡ì Rb¨ cÖv°wjZ ev‡RU cÖ¯Z ‧ Kiv,
T. cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvcbx cixÿv cwiPvjbv msµvšÍ hveZxq KvR Kiv,
U. we`¨vjq ch©v‡q Dbœqb cwiKíbv (SLIP) Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb Kiv,
V. miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q Av‡qvwRZ mnwkÿvµwgK Kvh©µg †hgbÑRvZxq wèm, µxov ev mvs¯‥…wZK Abyôv‡b
Dcw¯ Z †_‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv,
W. Dc‡Rjv Dbœqb mgš^q mfvq Dcw¯ Z †_‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯ vi AMÖMwZ mfv‡K AewnZ Kiv|
X. †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi KZ…©K Avn~Z gvwmK mfvq †hvM`vb Kiv Ges mfvi wm×všÍ ev¯Íevq‡bi D‡`¨vM
†bIqv,
Y. cÖwZ gv‡m AšÍZ GKwU mve-K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿY Kvh©µg ch©‡eÿY Kiv|
Z. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡i †cÖi‡Yi c~‡e© mve-K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿY cÖwZ‡e`b¸‡jv h_vh_fv‡e ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv|

K. wewfbœ FZzi ZviZ‡gï K_v we‡ePbv K‡i mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi‡ì m‡½ Av‡jvPbvµ‡g cÖwZwU
we`¨vj‡qi GKv‡WwgK I cÖkvmwbK ZË¡veav‡bi Rb¨ evwl©K Kg©cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv Ges mnKvix
Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv AwdmviMY †hb wbqwgZ we`¨vjqmg~‡ni GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb I wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ
`ÿZv Dbœq‡b m‡Pó _v‡K Zv wbwðZ Kiv Ges cÖwZ gv‡m Kgc‡ÿ 10wU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cwi`k©b wbwðZ
Kiv,
L. wba©vwiZ QK eënvi K‡i cÖwZ gv‡m 7wU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cwi`k©b K‡i cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb Ges †Rjv
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi eivei †cÖiY Kiv,
M. we`¨vjq cwi`k©‡bi mgq cÖavb wkÿK I mnKvix wkÿK‡ì cvi`wk©Zv m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡qvRbxq djveZ©b (Feed
back),civgk© I wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv,
N. we`¨vjq cwi`k©bKv‡j we`¨vj‡qi mvwe©K Kg©KvÐ m¤úv`‡b DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z GjvKvi e¨w³eM© I
wcZvgvZv/AwffveK‡ì mv‡_ mvÿvr Kiv,
O. mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv AwdmviM‡Yi we`¨vjq cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb Kiv Ges g~j¨vqb cÖwZ‡e`b
cÖwZgv‡mi cÖ_g mßv‡n †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi eive‡i †cÖiY Kiv,
P. cwi`k©‡b cÖvß Z_¨vwì wfwË‡Z wba©vwiZ Q‡K eQ‡i `yÕevi cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi‡K Kg©cwiKíbvi Av‡jv‡K
Dc‡Rjv/_vbvi AMÖMwZi ÷¨vUvm wi‡cvU© (Status report) cÖ`vb Kiv,
Q. mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi‡ì cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`‡bi g~j¨vqb cÖwZ‡e`b ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv Ges †Kv‡bv
ai‡bi mgm¨v wPwýZ n‡j Zv wbim‡b h‡_vchy³ eë¯ v MÖnY Kiv,
R. cwi`k©‡bi wba©vwiZ wb‡`©kbv I c×wZ Abyhvqx mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv AwdmviMY Zuv‡ì cÖgvc Abyhvqx
cÖv_wgK we`¨vjqmg~n cwi`k©b Ki‡Qb wKbv Zv ZË¡veavb Kiv Ges ¸YMZ gvb m¤úbœ cwi`k©b Kvh©µg
ev¯Íevqb wbwðZ Kiv|
96
S. cÖv_wgK we`¨vjqmg~‡ni †f․Z AeKvVv‡gv I †k․PvMvi wbg©vY Ges Lvevi cvwb mieivn cÖf…wZ Dbœqbg~jK KvR
cwiexÿY Kiv Ges Pjgvb Dbœqb Kv‡Ri ZvwjKv Awdm K‡ÿ cÖ`k©b Kiv,
T. we`¨vjq ch©v‡q Dbœqb cwiKíbv (SLIP), cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi †f․Z AeKvVv‡gv I Water and Sanitation
eë¯ v Dbœqb Kvh©µg cwiexÿY I ZË¡veavb|
U. gvV ch©v‡q msM„nxZ DcvË Dc‡Rjv WvUv‡e‡m msiÿY I wbqwgZ nvjwdj wbwðZ Kiv|
V. gvV ch©v‡qi mKj msM„nxZ DcvË mswkøó e¨w³eM©‡K AewnZ Kiv Ges cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq¸‡jvi mvwe©K ¸MZgvb
Dbœq‡b †m¸‡jvi eënvi wbwðZ Kiv|
mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv AwdmviM‡Yi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨

evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii AvIZvaxb gvV ch©v‡q cÖwZwU DcRjv/_vbvi cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ Kvh©µg
ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ GK ev GKvwaK mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbvwkÿv Awdmvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki 488wU
Dc‡RjvGes 20wU _vbv wkÿv Awd‡m †gvU 2590 wU mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii c` i‡q‡Q|K¬v÷vi ch©v‡q
cÖv_wgK wkÿv ev¯Íevqb msµvšÍ Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Zuviv wb‡qvwRZ| Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii b¨vq mnKvix
Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii wbR Awa‡ÿ‡Î mywbw`©ó f~wgKv, `vwqZ¡ Ges KZ©e¨ Av‡Q| cÖv_wgK wkÿv †ÿ‡Î Zuvi
f~wgKv, `vwqZ¡ Ges KZ©e¨mg~‡ni wel‡q wZwb EaŸ©Zb KZ©„c‡ÿi wbKU `vqe×|
mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii wb¤œewY©Z Pvi ai‡bi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ i‡q‡Q:
 K¬v÷v‡ii cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó mKj ai‡bi Kvh©µ‡g †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb,
 K¬v÷v‡ii cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó mKj ai‡bi Kvh©µg eë¯’vcbv,
 K¬v÷v‡ii cÖv_wgK wkÿv ev¯Íevqb Ges
 K¬v÷v‡ii AvIZvaxb we`¨vjq ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó Kvh©µg ZË¡veavb|
K¬v÷vi ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î †bZ…Z¡`vb msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨:

K. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi K¬v÷vi ch©v‡qi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ wba©vi‡Y mswkøó e¨w³‡ì GKv‡WwgK †bZ…Z¡ †Ìqv Ges
K¬v÷v‡i wkÿvi ¸YMZgvb wbwðZ Kiv|
L. K¬v÷vify³ we`¨vjq mg~‡ni jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ ev¯Íevq‡b evwl©K I ¯^í †gqvw` cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv|
M. gvbm¤§Z cÖv_wgK wkÿv cwiKíbv cÖwµqvq Askx`vwiZ¡ I mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ GjvKvi myweav‡fvMx e¨w³eM©,
we‡`¨vrmvnx, mswkøó Kg©KZ©v Ges DcRjv/_vbvi wewfbœ ms¯ vi e¨w³eM©‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv,
N. †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi Ges Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi‡K K¬v÷vi ch©v‡qi cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨ I
D‡Ïk¨ AewnZ Kiv,
O. K¨vP‡g›U GjvKvi miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjqmg~‡ni Dbœqb cwiKíbv (SLIP) cÖYq‡b †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb Kiv,
P. cÖwZeQi wW‡m¤î gv‡m we`¨vjq ch©v‡q K¨vP‡g›U GjvKvi wkï Rwi‡c cÖavb wkÿK Ges mnKvix wkÿKMY‡K
†bZ…Z¡ †Ìqv,
Q. wbqwgZ K¬v÷v‡ii mKj we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK‡ì m‡½ gvwmK I •ÎgvwmK mfv K‡i cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó
Dbœqb Kg©KvÐ m¤ú‡K© ch©v‡jvPbv I w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv,
R. cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi KZ©„K M„nxZ wewfbœ cwjwm, cwiKíbv I wb‡`©kbv
h_vmg‡q K¬v÷v‡ii cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq ch©v‡q ev¯Íevq‡b †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb Kiv,
S. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœq‡b Ae`vb ivL‡Z cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii m‡½ h_vh_
KZ…©c‡ÿi gva¨‡g †hvMv‡hvM Kiv,
97
T. K¬v÷v‡ii cÖwZwU we`¨vj‡qi K¨vP‡g›U GjvKvi cÖvK cÖv_wgK †kÖwY †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q
Mg‡bvc‡hvMx mKj wkïi we‡klZt †g‡q wkï‡ì we`¨vj‡q fwZ©i †ÿ‡Î mgZvwfwËK my‡hvM m„wó wbwðZ Kivi
j‡ÿ¨ cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó mKj e¨w³eM©‡K AbycÖvwYZ Kiv,
U. we‡kl Pvwn`v m¤úbœ wkï, ÿz`ª b„‡Mvwô wkï Ges Awbivc` wkïmn mKj wkï‡ì we`¨vj‡q fwZ©, Dcw¯ wZ, S‡i
V. we`¨vjq g¨v‡bwRs KwgwU I wkÿK AwffveK mwgwZi m`m¨‡ì h_vh_ `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b AbycÖvwYZ Kiv|
K¬v÷vi ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯’vcbv msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ :

K. wewfwbœ FZzi ZviZ‡gï K_v we‡ePbv K‡i Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii m‡½ Av‡jvPbvµ‡g cÖwZwU we`¨vj‡qi
GKv‡WwgK I cÖkvmwbK ZË¡veav‡bi Rb¨ evwl©K I ¯^í‡gqvw` Kg©cwiKíbv Ggbfv‡e cÖYqb Kiv †hb
K¬v÷v‡ii AvIZvq cÖwZwU we`¨vjq eQ‡i Pvievi cwi`k©b Kiv m¤¢e nq,
L. K¬v÷v‡ii mKj we`¨vj‡qi gvwmK weeiYx (MR)I †eZb-fvZv wej wbixÿv I cÖwZ¯^vÿi K‡i Dc‡Rjv/_vbv
wkÿv Kg©KZ©v eive‡i gšÍe¨mn †ck Kiv|
M. K¬v÷v‡ii cÖavb wkÿK‡ì •bwgwËK QzwU Aby‡gv`b Kiv Ges cÖavb wkÿK I mnKvix wkÿK‡ì Ab¨vb¨ QzwUi
we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY gZvgZmn Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii Kvh©vj‡q †cÖiY Kiv|
N. wkÿK‡ì wewfbœ ai‡bi Av‡e`b cÎ Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awd‡m gZvgZmn †cÖiY Kiv|
O. ågY I Ab¨vb¨ Kvh©µ‡gi Dci wbqwgZfv‡e Wv‡qwi msiÿY Kiv Ges EaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©v‡ì cwi`k©bKv‡j
wbixÿvi Rb¨ Dc¯ vcb Kiv|
P. wewfbœ cÖKí/Drme †_‡K cÖvß wkÿv DcKiY we`¨vjq ch©v‡q myôz weZiY wbwðZ Kiv|
Q. cÖwZ gv‡m Dc‡Rjvi mKj miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK‡ì Rb¨ mgš^q mfvq AskMÖnY Kiv Ges
mgš^q mfvq evwl©K cwiKíbv Abyhvqx cÖv_wgK wkÿvi AMÖMwZ ch©v‡jvPvbv Kiv,
R. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK wb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ K¬v÷v‡ii we`¨vjqmg~‡ni k~b¨ c‡ì Z_¨ mieivn K‡i ZvwjKv
cÖYq‡b Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi‡K mnvqZv Kiv,
S. K¬v÷v‡ii cÖwZwU cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q wba©vwiZ mg‡q cvV¨cy¯ÍK weZiY wbwðZ Kiv|
T. wkÿv_x©‡ì Dce„wË weZiY Kvh©µg Z`viK Kiv, Dce„wËmn mKj cÖK‡íi †iwR÷ªvi msiÿY I nvjwdj ivLv,
wba©vwiZ bxwZgvjv †gvZv‡eK Dce„wË eÈb Z`viK Ges Dce„wËi A_© eÈ‡bi ¯^”QZv wbwðZ Kiv|
U. Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wi‡mvm© †m›Uv‡i Pjgvb wewfbœ cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wP‡Z wkÿK wbe©vPb I †Wcy‡Ukb Av‡`k Rvix Kivi
Rb¨ Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi‡K mnvqZv Kiv,
V. e`wji bxwZgvjv Abyhvqx cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK I mnKvix wkÿK‡ì Dc‡Rjvi Af¨šÍ‡i e`wj
Av‡e`b mycvwikmn Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi eivei AMÖvqb Kiv,
W. K¬v÷v‡ii cÖwZ we`¨vj‡qi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ Q‡K c„_K c„_K bw_ I †iwR÷ªv‡i Z_¨/wnmve msiÿY, G bw_¸‡jv‡Z
we`¨vj‡qi Rwg, m¤úwË, LvRbv, †c․iKi I wej cwi‡kva, M„nwelqK Z_¨, AvmevecÎ, wkÿK‡ì Rxebe„ËvšÍ
Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv cwimsL¨vb MÖnY I msiÿY Kiv, msM„nxZ Z_¨vw` Pvwn`v †gvZv‡eK mieiv‡ni Rb¨
nvjbvMv` K‡i cwimsL¨vb MÖnY I msiÿY Kiv|
X. K¬v÷v‡ii cÖavb wkÿK‡ì evwl©K †Mvcbxq cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb Ges mnKvix wkÿK‡ì evwl©K †Mvcbxq cÖwZ‡e`b
cÖwZ¯^vÿi Kiv|
Y. K¬v÷v‡ii mKj cÖavb wkÿK Ges mnKvix wkÿK‡ì mvwf©m eyK nvjwdj Kiv Ges Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv
Awd‡m msiwÿZ we`¨vjq msµvšÍ bw_ I †iwR÷ªvimg~n msiÿY Kivi welqwU wbwðZ Kiv,
Z. Am`vPiY, `ybx©wZ, `vwq‡Z¡ Ae‡njv cÖf…wZ Kvh©µ‡gi Kvi‡Y cÖavb wkÿK Ges mnKvix wkÿK‡ì weiæ‡×
wefvMxq kvw¯Íg~jK eë¯ v MÖn‡Yi cÖ¯vÍ e Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii wbKU †ck Kiv|
98
K. cÖwZwU we`¨vj‡qi g¨v‡bwRs KwgwU I wkÿK AwffveK mwgwZ MVb I Zv‡ì mv‡_ wbqwgZ mfv Abyôvb wbwðZ
Kiv,
L. we`¨vj‡qi wkÿKM‡Yi gvwmK wba©vwiZ Ô†nvg wfwRUÕ wbwðZ Kiv Ges wb‡R gv‡m †gvU wZbRb wkïi evwo
wfwRU K‡i QK c~iYc~e©K Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii wbKU †ck Kiv|
M. K¬v÷vi AšÍf©³
z we`¨vj‡qi mnwkÿvµwgK Kvh©µg †hgb, RvZxq wèm, µxov I mvs¯‥…wZK Abyôv‡b AskMÖnY
Kiv Ges cÖavb wkÿK, mnKvix wkÿK, GmGgwm, wcwUG, wkÿv_©x I Ab¨vb¨ e¨w³eM©‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv,
N. K¨vP‡g›U GjvKvi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjqmg~‡ni wkï‡ì Rb¨ RvZxq wkÿv mßvn, µxov I mvs¯‥…wZK cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
Ges e½eÜz I e½gvZv †eMg dwRjvZz‡bœmv gywRe †Mvì Kvc dzUej Uzb©v‡g›U BZ¨vw` m¤úbœ Kiv,
O. we`¨vj‡qi K¨vP‡g›U GjvKvi cÖvK cÖv_wgK †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q Mg‡bvc‡hvMx mKj
wkïi we`¨vj‡q fwZ© wbwðZ Kiv,
P. cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii cvV¨cy¯ÍK weZiY, cÖv_wgK mgvcbx cixÿv, RvZxq we`¨vjq ïgvwii DcvË msMÖn I Gw›Uª,
wWwcGW cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ †KvUv Abyhvqx wkÿK wbe©vPb BZ¨vw` Kvh©µg myôzfv‡e ev¯Íevqb Kiv,
Q. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q wkÿK wb‡qvM, cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvcbx cixÿv cwiPvjbv msµvšÍ hveZxq Kv‡R
Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi‡K mnvqZv Kiv,
R. cÖv_wgK we`¨vjqmg~‡ni †f․Z AeKvVv‡gv I †k․PvMvi wbg©vY Ges Lvevi cvwb mieivn cÖf…wZ Dbœqbg~jK KvR
cwiexÿY Kiv Ges Pjgvb Dbœqb Kv‡Ri ZvwjKv Awdm K‡ÿ cÖ`k©b Kiv, wbg©vY Kv‡R †Kv‡bv ÎæwU cwijwÿZ
n‡j `ªæZ Zv h_vh_ KZ…©c‡ÿi gva¨‡g cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi‡K AewnZ Kiv,
S. eQ‡i PviwU wbW †eR&W ev Pvwn`v wfwËK mve K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿ‡Yi cwiKíbv Kiv, wkÿK‡ì cÖwkÿY Pvwn`vi
Z_¨ Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wi‡mvm© †m›Uv‡i cÖ`vb Kiv Ges wba©vwiZ c×wZ AbymiYc~e©K wbW †eR&W ev Pvwn`v wfwËK
mveK¬v÷vi cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbv Kiv|

K. we`¨vj‡qi GKv‡WwgK I cÖkvmwbK ZË¡veav‡bi Rb¨ cÖYxZ evwl©K Kg©cwiKíbv Abyhvqx wbqwgZ
we`¨vjqmg~‡ni cwi`k©b Kiv, cwi`k©bKv‡j GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb I wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœq‡b m‡Pó
_vKv Ges cÖwZ gv‡m Kgc‡ÿ 10wU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cwi`k©b wbwðZ Kiv,
L. cÖwZwU we`¨vjq cwi`k©bKv‡j GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veav‡bi Rb¨ GKwU c~Y©v½ w`b e¨q Kiv hv‡Z we`¨vj‡qi
GKv‡WwgK welq h_vh_fv‡e ZË¡veavb Kiv hvq| wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœq‡b Rb¨ †kÖwYK‡ÿi wkLb
†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg ch©‡eÿY Kiv,
M. we`¨vjq cwi`k©b †k‡l cÖavb wkÿK I mnKvix wkÿK‡ì cvi`wk©Zv m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡qvRbxq djveZ©b
N. we`¨vj‡qi cwi`k©b †k‡l we`¨vjq Dbœq‡bi ¯^v‡_© ¯‥zj g¨v‡bwRs KwgwUi m`m¨, GjvKvi e¨w³eM©, wcZvgvZv
Ges AwffveK‡ì mv‡_ gZwewbgq Kiv|
O. we`¨vjq cwi`k©‡bi wZbw`‡bi g‡a¨ wba©vwiZ Q‡K cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqbc~e©K Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Kg©KZ©vi wbKU
†ck Kiv,
P. cÖavb wkÿK KZ…©K wbR we`¨vj‡qi GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb Kvh©µg wbwðZ Kiv|
Q. we`¨vj‡qi jvB‡eªwi/eyK Kb©vi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ (†hme we`¨vj‡q jvB‡eªwi i‡q‡Q we‡kl K‡i g‡Wj ¯‥zj Ges
†hme we`¨vj‡q jvB‡eªwi ¯ vc‡bi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q) cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© †Ìqv Ges jvB‡eªwii eB wkï‡ì cov‡bv
wbwðZ Kiv|
99
R. K¨vP‡g›U GjvKvi miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjqmg~‡ni Dbœqb cwiKíbv (SLIP) Abyhvqx Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb
ZË¡veavb Kiv Ges G wel‡q †Kv‡bv ai‡bi AmvgÄm¨ cwijwÿZ n‡j h_vh_ KZ©„c‡ÿi gva¨‡g cÖv_wgK wkÿv
Awa`ß‡ii cwiKíbv I Dbœqb wefvM‡K AewnZ Kiv|
S. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi †f․Z AeKvVv‡gv I Water and Sanitation eë¯ vi Dbœqb Kvh©µg cwiexÿY I
ZË¡veavb Kiv Ges G wel‡q †Kv‡bv ai‡Yi AmvgÄm¨ cwijwÿZ n‡j h_vh_ KZ©„c‡ÿi gva¨‡g cÖv_wgK wkÿv
Awa`ß‡ii cwiKíbv I Dbœqb wefvM‡K AewnZ Kiv|
BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±‡ii `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨

cÖv_wgK wkÿvi gvV ch©v‡q Ab¨vb¨ Kg©KZ©v‡ì g‡Zv BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±‡iiI wb¤œiƒc Pvi ai‡bi `vwqZ¡ I
KZ©e¨ i‡q‡Q :
 cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó PvKwi Kvwjb wewfbœ ¯^í‡gqvw` cÖwkÿY Av‡qvR‡b †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb,
 BDAviwm/wUAviwm‡Z cwiPvwjZ cÖwkÿ‡Yi cÖkvmwbK I Avw_©K eë¯’vcbv,
 cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ ¯^í‡gqvw` wewfbœ cÖwkÿY Kvh©µg Ges Dc‡Rjv/_vbv ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv ev¯Íevqb
 BDAviwm/wUAviwm‡Z AbywôZ wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖwkÿY I we`¨vjq ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó Kvh©µg
ZË¡veavb|
Dc‡Rjv/_vbv ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó GKv‡WwgK Kvh©µ‡g †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb:
K. Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wi‡mvm© †m›Uv‡ii cÖkvmwbK Ges GKv‡WwgK cÖavb wn‡m‡e BDAviwmi/wUAviwmi mvwe©K
Kvh©µ‡g †bZ„Z¡ †Ìqv,
L. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi I RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg KZ©„K cwiPvwjZ cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ hveZxq
cÖwkÿY I Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Kvh©µ‡gi Av‡qvRb Kiv Ges wkÿK cÖwkÿ‡Yi ¸YMZgvb wbwðZ Kivi wel‡q †bZ…Z¡
cÖ`vb,
M. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii cÖwkÿY cwiKíbvi Av‡jv‡K BDAviwm/ wUAviwmi evwl©K I ¯^í‡gqvw` Kg©cwiKíbv
cÖYqb Kiv,
N. BDAviwm/ wUAviwm‡Z Dc‡Rjv/_vbv ch©v‡qi wkÿK cÖwkÿY, cvVmswkøó DcKiY, wWwRUvj DcKiY, wkÿK
cÖwkÿY msµvšÍ WvUv‡eR •Zwi I msiÿY, we`¨vjq msµvšÍ wewfbœ Z_¨ Dcv‡Ëi WvUv‡eR •Zwi I msiÿY
cÖf…wZ D™¢vebxg~jK Kvh©µg msewjZ Centre of Excellence wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjvq †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb|
O. cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi KZ©„K M„nxZ wewfbœ cwjwm, cwiKíbv I wb‡`©kbv
h_vmg‡q BDAviwm/ wUAviwm ch©v‡q ev¯Íevq‡b †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb Kiv,
P. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœq‡b Ae`vb ivL‡Z cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi Ges wefvMxq Dc-
cwiPvj‡Ki m‡½ h_vh_ KZ…©c‡ÿi gva¨‡g †hvMv‡hvM ¯ vcb,
Q. BDAviwm/ wUAviwm‡Z cwiPvwjZ cÖwkÿY wbweofv‡e cwiPvjbv Ges MyYMZgvb m¤úbœ cÖwkÿY wbwðZ Kivi
j‡ÿ¨ wcwUAvB mycvwib‡U‡Û›U, †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi Ges Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii m‡½
MVbg~jK †hvMv‡hvM ¯ vcb Ges wbweo m¤úK© M‡o †Zvjv,
R. g‡Wj ¯‥z‡ji (†h we`¨vjq cÖv½‡Y BDAviwm ¯ vwcZ †m we`¨vj‡qi) GKv‡WwgK Kvh©µg Dbœq‡b †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb
Kiv|
100
BDAviwmi/wUAviwmi Gi cÖkvmwbK I Avw_©K eë¯’vcbv msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ :
K. cÖwZ gv‡m mnKvix BÝUªv±i Ges WvUv Gw›Uª Acv‡iU‡ii AskMÖn‡Y gvwmK mgš^q mfvi Av‡qvRb Kiv Ges
mfvq cÖkvmwbK I Avw_©K eë¯ vcbv msµvšÍ Kvh©µg myôzfv‡e m¤úbœ Kivi wel‡q wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv,
L. wbR `ß‡i cwiPvwjZ wewfbœ GKv‡WwgK Kvh©µ‡gi Rb¨ wcwUAvB mycvwib‡U‡Û›U-Gi wbKU `vqe× _vKv,
M. wbR Kvh©vj‡q Kg©iZ Kg©KZ©v/Kg©Pvix‡ì †eZb fvZv I Ab¨vb¨ Znwe‡ji Avqb-e¨qb Kg©KZ©v wn‡m‡e wewa
†gvZv‡eK `vqwZ¡ cvjb Kiv,
N. BDAviwmi ivR¯^ Lv‡Zi K¨vkeB I e¨q msµvšÍ we‡ji bw_ †iwR÷vi nvjwdj ivLv,
O. wewfbœ †iwR÷vi †hgb, gvjvgv‡ji ÷K †iwR÷vi, mvwf©m ÷¨v¤ú †iwR÷vi, •bwgwËK QzwU MÖn‡Yi †iwR÷vi,
gyf‡g›U †iwR÷vi BZ¨vw` msiÿY Kiv,
P. Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wi‡mvm© †m›Uv‡i Pjgvb wewfbœ cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wPi e¨q Avw_©K wewaweavb AbymiYc~e©K wbe©vn Kiv
Ges e¨‡qi wnmve msiÿY, K¨vkeB nvjwdj Kiv, c„_K c„_K bw_‡Z wej-fvDPvi msiÿY Kiv,
Q. Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi KZ©„K cÖ`Ë †Wcy‡Ukb Av‡`‡k DwjøwLZ wkÿK‡ì cÖwkÿ‡Y Dcw¯ wZ wbwðZ Kiv,
R. Z…Zxq I PZy_© †kÖwYi Kg©Pvix‡ì wPwKrmv QzwU, kÖvwšÍ we‡bv`b QzwU, gvZ…Z¡ QzwU Aby‡gv`bKiv,
S. mnKvix BÝUªv±i‡ì evrmwiK Kg©cwiKíbv, ågYm~wP, ågY weeiYx Aby‡gv`b I ågY wej cvm Kiv,
T. mnKvix BÝUªv±i Ges Z…Zxq I PZz_© †kÖYxi Kg©Pvix‡ì evwl©K †Mvcbxq cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqbKiv,
U. eQ‡ii ïiæ‡Z wbR `ß‡ii 3q I 4_© †kÖwYi Kg©Pvix‡ì mvwf©m eyK nvjwdj Kiv,
V. cÖwZ A_© eQ‡ii cÖvi‡¤¢ BDAviwmi Kg©KZ©v, Kg©Pvix I Ab¨vb¨ ivR¯^ Lv‡Zi AvIZvq cÖv°wjZ ev‡RU cÖ¯Z
‧
Kiv,
W. BDAviwm/wUAviwmi ¯ vei I A¯ vei m¤ú‡ì iÿYv‡eÿY I myôz eënvi wbwðZ Kiv,
X. Am`vPiY, `ybx©wZ, `vwq‡Z¡ Ae‡njv cÖf…wZ Kvh©µ‡gi Kvi‡Y wbR `ß‡ii mnKvix BÝUªv±i Ges Kg©Pvwi‡ì
weiæ‡× wefvMxq kvw¯Íg~jK eë¯ v MÖn‡Yi cÖ¯vÍ e wcwUAvB mycvwib‡U‡Û›U Gi wbKU †cÖiY|
cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ cÖwkÿY I Ab¨vb¨ Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨
K. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii cÖwkÿY wefvM KZ©„K cÖYqbK…Z cÖwkÿY K¨v‡jÛvi Abyhvqx Avw_©K eQ‡ii ïiæ‡ZB
evwl©K Kg©cwiKíbv Ges Z`vbyhvqx Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb Kiv,
L. BDAviwm/wUAviwmi jÿ¨mg~n ev¯Íevq‡b evwl©K I ¯^í‡gqvw` cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv|
M. wcwUAvB mycvwib‡U‡Û›U Ges †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi KZ©„K Avn~Z gvwmK mgš^q mfvq h_vmg‡q
AskMÖnY Kiv, mfvq BDAviwm/ wUAviwm‡Z cwiPvwjZ cÖwkÿY Kvh©µ‡gi AMªMwZ AewnZ Kiv Ges wcwUAvB
mycvwib‡U‡Û›U/†Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi KZ©„K wb‡`©wkZ Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb Kiv,
N. cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvbvjq Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi KZ©„K RvixK…Z mKj Av‡`k, wb‡`©k I cwjwm
ev¯Íevqb I wbwðZ Kiv,
O. Action Research, Case Study, Longitudinal Study BZ¨vw` cwiPvjbv Kiv,
P. cvV mswkøó wk‡ÿvcKiY •Zwi, msiÿY I †kÖwYK‡ÿ Gi eënvi m¤ú‡K© wkÿK‡ì cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb Kiv,
Q. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK wb‡qvM Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY Kiv,
101
R. wbW †eRW ev Pvwn`v wfwËK mve K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ Z_¨cÎ cÖ¯Z
‧ K‡i Aby‡gv`‡bi Rb¨ wcwUAvB
mycvwib‡U‡Û›U eive‡i †cÖiY Kiv,
S. miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q Av‡qvwRZ mnwkÿvµwgK Kvh©µg †hgb, RvZxq wèm, µxov ev mvs¯‥…wZK Abyôv‡b
Dcw¯ Z †_‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv,
T. Dc‡Rjv Dbœqb mgš^q mfvq Dcw¯ Z †_‡K BDAviwm‡Z cwiPvwjZ cÖwkÿ‡Yi AMÖMwZ mfv‡K AewnZ Kiv,
U. gvV ch©vq †_‡K msM„nxZ we`¨vj‡qi mvgwMÖK Z‡_ï WvUv‡eR, wkÿK‡ì cÖwkÿY msµvšÍ WvUv‡eR cÖ¯Z
‧ ,
msiÿY I wbqwgZ nvjwdj wbwðZ Kiv|
V. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi cvV mswkøó wWwRUvj Kb‡U›U-Gi ch©vß ÷K •Zwi Kiv, Pvwn`v Abyhvqx wkÿK‡ì D³
wWwRUvj Kb‡U›U mieivn Kiv Ges wkÿK‡ì wWwRUvj Kb‡U›U cÖ¯Z
‧ Kivi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ Kiv,
W. BDAviwm/wUAviwm‡Z wkÿv mswkøó wewfbœ cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj I wkÿv mswkøó †`wk we‡`wk DbœZ gv‡bi cy¯ÍK,
M‡elYv/Rwic cÖwZ‡e`b BZ¨vw` mnKv‡i GKwU MÖš vMvi M‡o †Zvjv|
X. wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ `ÿ I AwfÁ wkÿK‡ì mgš^‡q wewfbœ welqwfwËK cÖwkÿK cyj MVb
Kiv Ges cÖwkÿK cy‡ji wkÿKMY‡K ch©vqµ‡g cÖwkÿ‡Y cÖwkÿ‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv|
cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ cÖwkÿY I Ab¨vb¨ Kvh©µg ZË¡veavb msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨
K. Dc‡Rjv I mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi‡ì m‡½ Av‡jvPbvµ‡g wbR cÖgvc Abyhvqx we`¨vj‡qi
GKv‡WwgK I cÖkvmwbK ZË¡veav‡bi Rb¨ evwl©K cwi`k©b cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv Ges wbqwgZ we`¨vjqmg~‡ni
GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veav‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœq‡b m‡Pó _vKv,
L. wba©vwiZ QK eënvi K‡i cÖwZ gv‡m 7 wU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cwi`k©b K‡i cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb Ges
wcwUAvB mycvwib‡U‡Û›U eivei †cÖiY Kiv, Gfv‡e Dc‡Rjv/_vbvi mKj we`¨vjq ch©vqµ‡g cwi`k©b Kiv,
M. we`¨vjq cwi`k©‡bi mgq cÖavb wkÿK I mnKvix wkÿK‡ì cvi`wk©Zv m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡qvRbxq djveZ©b
N. we`¨vjq cwi`k©bKv‡j we`¨vj‡qi mvwe©K Kg©KvÐ m¤úv`‡b DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z GjvKvi e¨w³eM© I
wcZvgvZv/AwffveK‡ì mv‡_ mvÿvr Kiv,
O. cÖwZ mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi KZ©„K Av‡qvwRZ mve-K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿY Kvh©µg ch©‡eÿY Kiv,
P. mnKvix BÝUªv±iM‡Yi we`¨vjq cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb Kiv, †Kv‡bv ai‡bi mgm¨v wPwýZ n‡j Zv
wbim‡bi Rb¨ Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi‡K AewnZ Kiv Ges g~j¨vqb cÖwZ‡e`b cÖwZgv‡mi cÖ_g mßv‡n
wcwUAvB mycvwib‡U‡Û›U eivei †cÖiY Kiv,
Q. wbR cÖwZôv‡b cwiPvwjZ cÖwkÿYmg~n evisevi ZË¡veavb Kiv †hb cÖwkÿKMY ¸YMZgvb m¤úbœ cÖwkÿY
cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z mÿg nb, cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖwkÿKM‡Yi †ckvMZ cvi`wk©Zv Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ MVbg~jK civgk© cÖ`vb
Kiv|
102
5.3 cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨
cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK mgv‡Ri GKRb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨w³| K¨vP‡g›U GjvKvi mKj wkïi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q fwZ©
I Dcw¯ wZ wbwðZ Kiv, myôzfv‡e wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi gva¨‡g wkï‡ì wkLb wbwðZKiY, we`¨vj‡q
wkïevÜe Avb›`Nb cwi”Qbœ wkLb cwi‡ek m„wó Ges S‡i cov †iva Kivi †ÿ‡Î cÖavb wkÿK gyL¨ f‚wgKv cvjb
K‡ib|mgv‡Ri wkÿvbyivMx, MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³eM©, GmGgwm, wkÿK AwffveK mwgwZ cÖf„wZ e¨w³e‡M©i m‡½ †m․nv`©¨c~Y©
†hvMv‡hvM ¯ vc‡bi gva¨‡g wZwb Zuvi `vwqZ¡mg~n cÖwZcvjb K‡ib| c~e©eZ©x mve BDwb‡U ewY©Z cÖv_wgK wkÿvi wewfbœ
¯Í‡ii Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi b¨vq cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿ‡KiI Zuvi we`¨vjq Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Pvi ai‡bi f‚wgKv
cvjb Ki‡Z nq|
we`¨vjq Kvh©µg PjvKvjxb wZwb GKvav‡i †bZv, eë¯ vcK, ev¯ÍevqbKvix Ges ZË¡veavbKvix| ZvB Zuvi †ckvMZ
`vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ cvj‡bi †ÿ‡Î wb¤œewY©Z Pvi ai‡bi g~j f~wgKv i‡q‡Q :
1. we`¨vj‡q wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv I cwi‡ek m„wó‡Z †bZ…Z¡`vb,

2. we`¨vj‡qi mvwe©K Kvh©µg eë¯ vcbv,
3. we`¨vj‡qi mvwe©K Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb Ges
4. we`¨vj‡qi mvwe©K Kvh©µg ZË¡veavb|
cÖavb wkÿK KZ„©K we`¨vj‡q wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv I cwi‡ek m„wó‡Z †bZ…Z¡`vb msµvšÍ
`vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ :
K. gvbm¤§Z cÖv_wgK wkÿv cwiKíbv cÖwµqvq Askx`vwiZ¡ I mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ mgv‡Ri wkÿvbyivMx, MY¨gvb¨
e¨w³eM©, GmGgwm, wkÿK AwffveK mwgwZ cÖf„wZ e¨w³eM© Ges mswkøó Kg©KZ©v‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv,
L. we`¨vj‡qi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ ev¯Íevq‡b evwl©K I ¯^í‡gqvw` cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv,
M. †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi, Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi Ges Zuvi K¬v÷v‡ii mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi‡K
cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ ev¯Íevqb cwiKíbv AewnZ Kiv,
N. we`¨vj‡qi Dbœqb cwiKíbv (SLIP) cÖYq‡b GmGgwm Ges we`¨vj‡qi wkÿKMY‡K †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb Kiv,
O. wbqwgZ we`¨vj‡qi mKj wkÿ‡Ki m‡½ cvwÿK, gvwmK I •ÎgvwmK mfv K‡i cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó Dbœqb
Kg©KvÐ, wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv, wewfbœ mn cvVµwgK Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv, wewfbœ RvZxq wèm cvjb,
wbW †eRW mve K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿ‡Yi Pvwn`v wbiƒcY cÖf…wZ m¤ú‡K© ch©v‡jvPbv I w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv,
P. cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi KZ©„K M„nxZ wewfbœ cwjwm, cwiKíbv I wb‡`©kbv
h_vmg‡q cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q ev¯Íevq‡b †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb Kiv,
Q. we`¨vj‡qi K¨vP‡g›U GjvKvi cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †kÖwY †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q M‡gvbc‡hvMx mKj
wkïi we‡klZ †g‡q wkï‡ì we`¨vj‡q fwZ©i †ÿ‡Î mgZvwfwËK my‡hvM m„wó wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ cÖv_wgK wkÿv
mswkøó mKj e¨w³eM©‡K AbycÖvwYZ Kiv,
R. we‡kl Pvwn`v m¤úbœ wkï, ÿz`ª b„‡Mvwô wkï Ges Awbivc` wkïmn mKj wkï‡ì we`¨vj‡q fwZ©, Dcw¯ wZ, S‡i
cov †iva BZ¨vw` wel‡q we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbv KwgwUi m`m¨, wkÿK AwffveK A¨v‡mvwm‡qk‡bi m`m¨ Ges
S. mncvVµwgK Kvh©µg †hgb, evwl©K cyi¯‥vi weZiYx mfv, RvZxq wèm, evrmwiK µxov I mvs¯‥…wZK Abyôv‡bi
Av‡qvRb Kiv Ges GmGgwm, wcwUG, wkÿv_©x I Ab¨vb¨ e¨w³eM©‡K D³ Abyôvbmg~‡n Dcw¯ Z _vK‡Z
DrmvwnZ Kiv,
T. K¨vP‡g›U GjvKvi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjqmg~‡ni wkï‡ì Rb¨ RvZxq wkÿv mßvn, µxov I mvs¯‥…wZK cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
Ges e½eÜz I e½gvZv †eMg dwRjvZz‡bœmv gywRe †Mvì Kvc dzUej Uzb©v‡g›U BZ¨vw` Kvh©µ‡g we`¨vj‡qi
wkÿv_x©‡ì m¤ú„³ Kiv,
103
cÖavb wkÿK KZ©„K we`¨vjq eë¯’vcbv msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ :
K. we`¨vj‡qi gvwmK weeiYx (MR) I †eZb-fvZv wej cÖYqb I ¯^vÿi K‡i mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii
cÖwZ¯^vÿimn Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Kg©KZ©v eive‡i †cÖiY|
L. mnKvix wkÿK‡ì •bwgwËK QzwU Aby‡gv`b Kiv Ges Ab¨vb¨ QzwUi we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY gZvgZmn Dc‡Rjv/_vbv
wkÿv Awdmv‡ii Kvh©vj‡q †cÖiY Kiv|
M. wkÿK‡ì wewfbœ ai‡bi Av‡e`b cÎ mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii gZvgZmn Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv
Kg©KZ©v eive‡i †cÖiY|
N. cÖwZ gv‡m Dc‡Rjvi cÖavb wkÿK‡ì Rb¨ wba©vwiZ mgš^q mfvq AskMÖnY Kiv Ges mgš^q mfvq evwl©K
cwiKíbv Abyhvqx cÖv_wgK wkÿvi AMÖMwZ ch©v‡jvPvbvq AskMÖnY Kiv,
O. wkÿv_x©‡ì UªvÝdvi mvwU©wd‡KU Bmy¨ Kiv,
P. miKvi I ¯ vbxqfv‡e msM„nxZ A_©, AvmevecÎ, wkÿvcKiY I Ab¨vb¨ m¤ú‡ì myôz eë¯ v wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨
K¨vkeyK I ÷K †iwR÷vi msiÿY Kiv|
Q. eQ‡ii ïiæ‡Z wba©vwiZ mg‡q Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdm †_‡K cvV¨cy¯ÍK MÖnY I wkÿv_©x‡ì gv‡S weZiY wbwðZ
Kiv|
R. wkÿv_x©‡ì Dce„wË myôzfv‡e weZiY Kvh©µg Z`viK Kiv, Dce„wËmn mKj cÖK‡íi †iwR÷vi msiÿY I
nvjwdj ivLv, wba©vwiZ bxwZgvjv †gvZv‡eK Dce„wË eÈb Z`viK Ges Dce„wËi A_© e›U‡bi ¯^”QZv wbwðZ
Kiv|
S. we`¨vj‡qi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ Q‡K c„_K c„_K bw_ I †iwR÷v‡i Z_¨/wnmve msiÿY, G bw_¸‡jv‡Z we`¨vj‡qi
Rwg, m¤úwË, LvRbv, †c․iKi I wej cwi‡kva, M„nwelqK Z_¨, AvmevecÎ, wkÿK‡ì Rxebe„ËvšÍ Ges evwl©K
we`¨vjq ïgvwii Z_¨ QK msiÿY I wbivcËv weav‡bi eë¯ v MÖnY Kiv Ges msM„nxZ Z_¨vw` Pvwn`v †gvZv‡eK
mieiv‡ni Rb¨ nvjbvMv` K‡i ivLv|
T. mnKvix wkÿK‡ì evwl©K †Mvcbxq cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb Kiv,
U. Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awd‡m msiwÿZ mvwf©m eyK nvjwdj ivLvi welqwU cwiexÿY Kiv Ges we`¨vjq msµvšÍ bw_
I †iwR÷vimg~n msiÿY Kivi welqwU wbwðZ Kiv,
V. Am`vPiY, `ybx©wZ, `vwq‡Z¡ Ae‡njv, Abby‡gvw`Z Abycw¯ wZ cÖf…wZ Kvh©µ‡gi Kvi‡Y mnKvix wkÿK‡ì
weiæ‡× wefvMxq kvw¯Íg~jK eë¯ v MÖn‡Yi cÖ¯vÍ e Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii wbKU †ck Kiv|
W. wewfbœ mg‡q miKvi/Awa`ßi/Dc‡Rjv cwil` KZ…©K Av‡ivwcZ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ cvjb Kiv|
cÖavb wkÿK KZ©„K cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨
K. wW‡m¤î gv‡mi wØZxq c‡ÿ we`¨vjq K¨vP‡g›U GjvKvi we`¨vjq Mg‡bvc‡hvMx wkï Rwi‡ci KvR wkÿKgÐjx
I g¨v‡bwRs KwgwUi m`m¨‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq m¤úbœ Kiv Ges wkï Rwi‡ci ¯ vqx †iwR÷vi msiÿY Kiv|
L. wkÿK gÐjx, g¨v‡bwRs KwgwUi m`më„›` Ges AwffveK‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq we`¨vj‡qi K¨vP‡g›U GjvKvi cÖvK-
cÖv_wgK †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q M‡gv‡bvc‡hvMx mKj wkïi we`¨vj‡q fwZ©, •`wbK I
wbqwgZ Dcw¯ wZ wbwðZ Kiv|
M. evwl©K we`¨vjq ïgvwii Rb¨ cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi †_‡K †cÖwiZ Z_¨QK h_vh_ I wbfz©jfv‡e c~iY KiZt
GmGgwm, cÖavb wkÿK I mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii ¯^vÿimn Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awd‡m †cÖiY,
N. evrmwiK cvV cwiKíbvi Av‡jv‡K mvßvwnK iæwUb cÖYqb Kiv Ges iæwU‡b wb‡Ri Rb¨ cÖwZw`b Kgc‡ÿ `yBwU
†kÖwYi `yBwU K¬vk AšÍf³
z© KiYmn mgZvwfwËK K¬vm eÈb Kiv,
O. cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvcbx cixÿvq wkÿv_x©‡ì AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ hveZxq eë¯ v MÖnY Kiv,
104
P. we`¨vj‡qi GmGgwm, wkÿKe„›`, mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi Ges GjwRBwW BwÄwbqv‡ii mswkøóZvq
†Ljvi gvV, we`¨vjq feb, IqvkeøK, wUDeA‡qj cÖf…wZ cÖ`k©bc~e©K we`¨vj‡qi gv÷vi cø¨vb cÖYqb Ges
gv÷vi cø¨vb Abyqvqx †f․Z AeKvVv‡gv Dbœqb,
Q. we`¨vj‡qi GmGgwm, wcwUG, wkÿKe„›` Ges wkÿv_x©‡ì msMwVZ K‡i we`¨vj‡qi mxgvbv meyR †eóbx
(Green fenching) Øviv msiÿY Ges mxgvbv †Nu‡l ch©vß cwigvY e„ÿ‡ivcY Kiv,
R. we`¨vj‡qi cwi‡ek †kÖYxKÿ, Avw½bv, gvV Ges wUDeA‡q‡ji cÖv½Y, †k․PvMvi BZ¨vwì cwi¯‥vi cwi”QbœZv
wbwðZ Kiv,
S. we`¨vj‡qi jvB‡eªwi/eyK KY©vi ¯ vc‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ges jvB‡eªwii eB wkï‡ì cov‡bv
wbwðZ Kiv|
S. we`¨vj‡q wbqwgZ ag©xq AvPvi Abyôv‡bi eë¯ v Kiv|
T. we`¨vjq g¨v‡bwRs KwgwU MV‡bi Rb¨ mgqgZ eë¯ v MÖnY Ges m`m¨ mwP‡ei `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv| gv‡m
AšÍZtc‡ÿ GKevi g¨v‡bwRs KwgwUi mfv AvnŸv‡bi eë¯ v Kiv Ges mfvq M„nxZ wm×všÍmg~n ev¯Íevqb Kiv|
U. wkÿK AwffveK mwgwZ MVb I Gi mKj Kvh©KvwiZv wbwðZ Kiv,
V. we`¨vj‡qi wkÿKM‡Yi gvwmK wba©vwiZ Ô†nvg wfwRUÕ wbwðZ Kiv Ges wb‡R gv‡m †gvU wZbRb wkïi evwo
wfwRU K‡i QK c~iYc~e©K Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii wbKU †cÖiY Kiv,
W. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi Dbœqb cwiKíbv (SLIP) cÖYqb Ges cwiKíbv Abyhvqx Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb Kiv,
X. mve K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿ‡Yi w`b, ZvwiL Ges welq wkÿK‡ì h_vmg‡q AewnZ Kiv Ges mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv
Awdmv‡ii m‡½ Av‡jvPbvµ‡g wba©vwiZ mg‡q mve K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿ‡Yi Av‡qvRb m¤úbœ Kiv, cÖwkÿ‡Yi w`b
wbR we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK‡ì Dcw¯ wZ wbwðZ Kiv,
Y. wbqwgZ AwffveK wèm, gv mgv‡ek, DVvb •eVK K‡i cÖwZwU wkÿv_x©i wbqwgZ Dcw¯ wZ, wkLb AMÖMwZ,
kvwiixK I gvbwmK ¯^v¯ ¨ m¤ú‡K© ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv Ges wb‡`©kbv cª`vb Kiv,
Z. we`¨vj‡qi cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿK‡K GKwU †kÖwYi/kvLvi mvsevrmwiK c~Y© `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ K‡i †kÖwY/kvLv wkÿK‡K
Zvi kvLvi wkï‡ì cvV‡bœvwZi Rb¨ `vqe× _vKvi eë¯ v MÖnY Kiv|
cÖavb wkÿK KZ…©K we`¨vj‡q AbywôZ wewfbœ Kvh©µg ZË¡veavb msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨
K. gv‡m AšÍZc‡ÿ cÖwZwU mnKvix wkÿ‡Ki 2wU K‡i †kÖwY‡Z (8Ñ10wU) GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb Kiv, GKv‡WwgK
ZË¡veavb Kivi †ÿ‡Î ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg ch©‡eÿY Kiv †hb wkÿK †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZwU
avc ZË¡veavb Kiv hvq,
L. wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg ch©‡eÿY †k‡l wkÿK‡ì cvi`wk©Zv m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡qvRbxq djveZ©b (Feed back),
civgk© I wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv,
M. mnKvix wkÿKMY cÖ‡Z¨‡K cvV`v‡bi c~‡e© cÖ¯w‧ Z MÖnYc~e©K mswkøó cvV cwKíbv cÖYqb I cÖ‡qvRbxq
DcKiYmn †kÖwYKvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY K‡ib Zv wbwðZ Kiv,
N. †kÖwYKvh©µg PjvKvjxb cÖwZwU †kÖwY‡Z wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg h_vh_fv‡e cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q wKbv, wkLb
†kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g wkÿv_x©‡ì AskMÖnY, wkÿv_x©‡ì we`¨vj‡q Dcw¯ wZ Ges Ae¯ vb ZË¡veavb Kiv,
O. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q †f․Z AeKvVv‡gv I †k․PvMvi wbg©vY Ges wbivc` Lvevi cvwbi eë¯ v cÖf…wZ Dbœqbg~jK
KvR GmGgwm‡K m¤ú„³ K‡i cwiexÿY Kiv Ges wbg©vY Kv‡R †Kv‡bv ÎæwU cwijwÿZ n‡j `ªæZ Zv h_vh_
KZ…c© ‡ÿi gva¨‡g cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi‡K AewnZ Kiv,
P. mnKvix wkÿK‡ì Dci Awc©Z `vwqZ¡mg~n mwVKfv‡e cvwjZ n‡”Q wKbv Zv ZË¡veavb Kiv|
Q. we`¨vj‡qi †kÖwYKÿ, Avw½bv, †k․PvMvi, wUDeA‡qj cÖv½b cÖf…wZi mvwe©K cwi®‥vi cwi”QbœZv ZË¡veavb Kiv
Ges wbwðZ Kiv|
105
5.4 cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ AvPiY
wkÿv GKwU RvwZi Dbœq‡bi cÖavb gva¨g| †h RvwZ hZ †ewk wkwÿZ †m RvwZ ZZ †ewk DbœZ| •kke Kvj †_‡K wkïi
wkÿv ïiæ nq| wewfbœ Kvi‡Y wkïi gvbwmK weKvk evavMÖ¯Í n‡Z cv‡i| myôz cwi‡e‡k wkï †e‡o DV‡j wkïi gvbwmK
weKvkI my¯  I my›ì nq| my¯  I my›ìfv‡e †e‡o IVv wkï my›ì mgvR Z_v †`k M‡o Zzj‡Z cv‡i| GKwU wkï hLb
cuvP eQi eq‡m c`vc©Y K‡i ZLb †m GjvKvi Ab¨vb¨ wkï‡ì g‡Zv we`¨vj‡q Mg‡bi Rb¨ Drmvnx n‡q D‡V|
we`¨vj‡qi cwi‡ek BwZevPK n‡j wkï †mLv‡b wb‡R‡K wbivc` g‡b K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K †bwZevPK cwi‡e‡k Zuvi Drmv‡n
fvUv c‡o|
wkï hLb Zvi wbR evwoi wbivc` cwi‡ek †Q‡o we`¨vj‡q Mgb K‡i ZLb we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK I mnKvix
wkÿKM‡Yi KvQ †_‡K wkï, wkïi wcZvgvZv Ges mgvR wKQz wba©vwiZ AvPiY cÖZ¨vkv K‡i hv‡Z K‡i wkï wbf©‡q
we`¨vj‡qi wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj‡Z mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| GKRb wkÿ‡Ki †ckvMZ AvPiY, e¨w³MZ
AvPiY Ges †ckvMZ †hvM¨Zv †Kgb n‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i Zuvi mZZv Ges †ckvi kÖ×v‡eva I `vwqZ¡‡ev‡ai Ici|
D‡Ïk¨ :
cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿKM‡Yi †ckvMZ AvPi‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ g~jZt wb¤œiƒc:

 †hmKj bxwZ‡eva wkÿKZv †ckvq wfwË wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i †m¸‡jvi cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ m„wó Kiv|
 Rbmvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q wkÿKZv †ckvi Revew`wnZv wbwðZ Kiv|
 wkÿKZv †ckvi cÖwZ Rbmvavi‡Yi Av¯ v cÖwZwôZ Kiv|
wkÿKM‡Yi †ckvMZ AvPiY‡K wkÿv_©x, AwffveK, mgvR Ges mnKg©x‡ì mv‡_ Zuv‡ì m¤ú‡K©i wfwË‡Z wb¤œiƒ‡c
†kÖwYfz³ Kiv hvq:
1. wkÿv_x©‡ì m‡½ wkÿ‡Ki AvPiY,
2. AwffveK, cwievi Ges mgv‡Ri mv‡_ wkÿ‡Ki AvPiY,
3. mnKg©x‡ì m‡½ wkÿKM‡Yi AvPiY,
4. wkÿKZv †ckvq wkÿ‡Ki e¨w³MZ AvPiY|
1. wkÿv_x©‡ì m‡½ wkÿ‡Ki AvPiY :
wkÿKZv †ckvi cÖavb KvR wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj cwiPvjbv Kiv| wkÿK †kÖwYi mKj wkÿv_©xi wkLb wbwðZ Kivi
Rb¨ `vqe×| wkLb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Zuv‡ì wkÿv_x©‡ì m‡½ wb¤œewY©Z AvPiY cÖ`k©b Kiv evÃbxq :
 wkÿv_x©‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K‡K fv‡jvfv‡e Rvbv, Zv‡ì ¯^KxqZv‡K kÖ×v Kiv Ges Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wfbœ wfbœ
mÿgZv‡K we‡ePbv Kiv;
 GKwU wbivc` Ges cÖwZ‡hvwMZvc~Y© wkÿvi cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv
 gvbm¤§Z wkÿv wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ †ckvMZ `vwqZ¡ MÖnY Kiv
 cÖwZwU wkÿv_x©i cÖwZ D”Pvkv †cvlY Kiv
 cÖwZwU wkÿv_x©i mÿgZv‡K Abyaveb Ges Dbœqb Kiv
 wkÿv_x©‡ì mKj gZvgZ b¨vqm½Zfv‡e we‡ePbvq Avbv
 wkÿv_x©‡ì mv‡_ h_vh_fv‡e †hvMv‡hvM ¯ vcb Kiv|
106
wkÿKMY wb¤œewY©Z Dcv‡q Zuv‡ì wkÿv_x©‡ì m‡½ †m․Rb¨ I gh©v`vi m¤úK© m„wó Ki‡eb :
 cvi¯úwiK kÖ×v‡eva RvMÖZ K‡i, Ggb cwi‡ek m„wó‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv
 cvi¯úwiK wbi‡cÿ Ges m¤§vbRbK fvlv eënvi DrmvwnZ Kiv;
 wkÿv_x©‡ì fq, A¯^w¯Í, Am¤§vb Ges †h †Kv‡bv cÖKvi ÿwZ †_‡K wbivc` ivL‡Z m‡Pó _vKv,
 wkÿv_x©‡ì ¯^wbf©iZv Ges wb‡Ri mÿgZvi cÖwZ AvZ¥wek¦vm Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨ agx©q g~j¨‡ev‡ai weKv‡k
mnvqZv Kiv;
 wkÿv_x©‡ì e¨w³MZ Ges ¯úk©KvZi welqmg~n‡K m¤§vbRbK `„wó‡Z †`Lv;
 †Mvcbxq welqmg~‡ni †MvcbxqZv iÿv K‡i mgm¨v mgvav‡b c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv;
 wkÿv_x©‡ì •`wnK I gvbwmK kvw¯Í cÖ`vb †_‡K weiZ _vKv;
 Aciv‡ai Dchy³ cÖgvY mv‡c‡ÿ wkÿv_©xi weiæ‡× cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki gva¨‡g AwffveK‡K AewnZ Kiv|
wkÿKM‡Yi wb‡R‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv Ges †hvM¨Zv m¤ú‡K© ¯^”Q aviYv _vKv evÃbxq| hvi d‡j Zuviv †kÖwYK‡ÿ ¯^v”Q‡›`
wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vejx cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib :
wkÿKMY Zuv‡ì †ckvMZ f~wgKv cvjb Kivi †ÿ‡Î GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| Zuviv ¯^ ¯^ †ckvMZ `ÿZv I
†hvM¨Zvi ¸YMZgvb Ges mxgve×Zv m¤^‡Ü mywbwðZ n‡q wkï‡ì mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡eb GUvB Kvg¨| GRb¨ Zuv‡ì‡K
wb¤œewY©Z welqmg~n AvqZ¡ Ki‡Z n‡e:
 †ckvMZ `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Rb¨ Dchy³ kvixwiK, gvbwmK Ges gvbweK mÿgZv AR©b Kivi †Póv Kiv,
 Ab¨vb¨ †ckvRxex Ges msMV‡bi Kg©KvÐ Ges wkÿv_©x‡ì mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb m¤ú‡K© me©`v m‡PZb nIqv,
 wb‡R‡ì †hvM¨Zv, `ÿZv Ges mvg_© m¤ú‡K© weeiY cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î mZZv eRvq ivLv|
wkÿv_x©‡ì mv‡_ e¯‘wbô m¤úK© eRvq ivLv :

†ckvMZ `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkÿKMY‡K wkï‡ì m‡½ wcZv-gvZv ev eÜzi g‡Zv AvPiY †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e|
Zuv‡ì wkÿv_x©‡ì m‡½ wb¤œiƒc wkÿK wkÿv_x© m¤úK© m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e:
 wkÿv_x©‡ì m‡½ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg m¤úv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÿcvZ`yóZv cwinvi Kiv;
 mKj wkÿv_x©i m‡e©vËg myweav nq Giƒc wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv;
 wkÿv_x©‡ì Zuv‡ì e¨w³MZ Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vKv|
wkÿv_©x‡ì mv‡_ we`¨vj‡qi Af¨šÍ‡i ev evB‡i me©ÎB †ckvMZ m¤úK© eRvq ivLv :
wkÿK‡ì Pviw`‡K GKwU wkÿKmyjf ejq Ges Av¯ vi GKwU †g․wjK Ae¯ vb •Zwi Kiv Ges Zv eRvq ivLv DwPr|
Zuv‡ì Ggbfv‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv evÃbxq hv Øviv wkÿv_©x‡ì mv‡_ Zuv‡ì m¤ú‡K©i g‡a¨ wKQz mxgve×Zv ev mxgv‡iLv
Av‡Q Zv cÖwZdwjZ n‡e| wkÿKM‡Yi †ckvMZ m¤úK© ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡e hw` Zuviv:
 wkÿv_©x‡ì mv‡_ Akvjxb Dw³ eënvi K‡ib

 Dchy³ KviY e¨ZxZ GKRb wkÿv_©x‡K ¯úk© K‡ib
 †Kvb wkÿv_©xi mv‡_ e¨w³MZ Avjvc Pvjv‡bv ev †Kv‡bv wkÿv_©xi mv‡_ Dchy³ welq Qvov wjwLZ ev
B‡jKUªwbK †hvMv‡hvM ¯ vcb K‡ib
 wkÿv_©x ev Zv‡ì wcZv-gvZvi KvQ †_‡K Ggb Dcnvi MÖnY K‡ib hv m½Z Kvi‡Y Zuv‡ì cÖfvweZ Kivi
Rb¨ eëüZ n‡q‡Q e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq|
107
2. AwffveK, cwievi Ges mgv‡Ri mv‡_ wkÿ‡Ki m¤úK© :
wkÿKMY AwffveK, cwiev‡ii m`m¨ Ges mgv‡Ri Ab¨vb¨ e¨w³e‡M©i m‡½ †ckvMZ Ges mn‡hvwMZvi m¤úK© eRvq
ivL‡eb| Zuv‡ì DwPZ n‡e :
 wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb Ges mvwe©K weKvk‡K AbycÖvwYZ K‡i Ggb wm×všÍmg~n †bIqvi mgq Awffve‡Ki
gZvgZ‡K we‡ePbvq ivLv,
 AwffveK‡ì m‡½ wkÿv_©x‡ì Dbœqb djcÖm~ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ cybtcyb †hvMv‡hvM iÿv Kiv,
 AwffveK‡ì Awf‡hvM‡K Avg‡j wb‡q Dchy³ eë¯ v MÖnY Kiv,
 wkÿv_©xiv †h wfbœ wfbœ mvs¯‥…wZK cwi‡ek n‡Z AvMZ, Zv Abyaveb Kiv;
 wkÿv_©x‡ì cwievi Ges mgv‡Ri m‡½ D³ wfbœ wfbœ mvs¯‥…wZK cwi‡e‡ki welqwU we‡ePbvq wb‡q
mn‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g KvR Kivi †Póv Kiv|
3. mnKg©x‡ì m‡½ wkÿKM‡Yi AvPiY :

mnKg©xmyjf AvPiY wkÿKZv †ckvi GKwU Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| wkÿKMY‡K Zuv‡ì mnKgx©‡ì m‡½ wb¤œewY©Z AvPiY
eRvq ivL‡Z n‡e:
 memgq G‡K Ac‡ii cÖwZ f`ªZv eRvq ivLv Ges m¤§vbRbK AvPiY Kiv;
 mnKg©x‡ì †gav‡K g~j¨vqb Kiv;
 †ckvMZ wel‡q MVbg~jK Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ Dchy³ mfv Kiv;
 wewfbœ cwiw¯ wZ‡Z Ávb Ges `ÿZv wewbgq Kiv;
 hviv †ckvq bZzb Zv‡ì wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †K․kj cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î mn‡hvwMZv Kiv;
 wkÿv_©x‡ì Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ Z_¨ wewbgq Kiv|
4. wkÿKZv †ckvq wkÿ‡Ki e¨w³MZ AvPiY :

e¨w³MZ AvPiY GKRb wkÿ‡Ki †ckvMZ Ae¯ vb Ges mvgwMÖKfv‡e †ckvi Ici cÖfve †d‡j| hwÌ GKRb wkÿ‡Ki
e¨w³MZ Ges †ckvMZ AvPi‡Yi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv mywbw`©ó mxgv †bB, ZeyI wkÿ‡Ki KvQ †_‡K GUv cÖZ¨vwkZ †h Zuviv:
 we`¨vjq Ges mgv‡R GKRb BwZevPK e¨w³Z¡ n‡eb;
 AvB‡bi kvmb‡K kÖ×v Ki‡eb Ges †`‡ki AvBbMZ evaëvaKZv cvj‡bi †ÿ‡Î GKwU BwZevPK `„óvšÍ
¯ vcb Ki‡eb;
 e¨w³MZ ev Avw_©K †Kv‡bv jv‡fi Avkvq wb‡R‡ì Ae¯ vb‡K eënvi Ki‡eb bv;
 Zuv‡ì e¨w³MZ ev Avw_©K ¯^v_© Zuv‡ì `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi †ÿ‡Î mvsNwl©K bv nq Zv wbwðZ Ki‡eb;
 Kg©‡ÿÎ welqK Av‡jvPbvi †ÿ‡Î mZK©Zvi mv‡_ AvPiY Ki‡eb Ges †MvcbxqZv eRvq ivL‡eb|
wkÿ‡Ki †ckvMZ `ÿZv :
wkÿKMY Zuv‡ì †ckv`vwiZ¡‡K g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb Ges GKwU DbœZgv‡bi `ÿZvi †ÿÎ •Zwi K‡i Zv eRvq ivL‡eb|
Zuviv:
 †ckvMZ Ávb jv‡fi cÖ‡Póvq cÖwZÁve× _vK‡eb;
 Zuv‡ì `vwqZ¡mg~n wbf©i‡hvM¨fv‡e, m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Ges mwVK mg‡q m¤úbœ Ki‡eb;
 wkÿKMY Zuv‡ì †ckvi mv‡_ mshy³ _vK‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq AvBb m¤^‡Ü ÁvZ _vK‡eb| we‡klZ Zuviv wkï
AwaKvi, K‡c©vivj cvwbk‡g›U, •elg¨, nqivwb, eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖf…wZ m¤úwK©Z AvBbMZ
`vwq‡Z¡i wel‡q m‡PZb n‡eb|
 wkÿK †hvM¨Zv m¤ú‡K© my¯úó aviYv †cvlY Ki‡eb Ges wkÿK †hvM¨Zvi Kvw•ÿZ gv‡bi m‡e©v”P ¯Í‡ii
†hvM¨Zv AR©‡b m‡Pó _vK‡eb|
(Z_¨m~Î : cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi-Gi Kg©KZ©v-Kg©PvixM‡Yi Kg©eÈb-2016)
108
cÖkœgvjv : 5
K. mswÿß cÖkœ
1. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ cÖkvmwbK ¯Í‡i Kx Kx cÖwZôvb i‡q‡Q?
2. cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ `vwqZ¡cÖvß cÖwZôvbmg~n Kx Kx?
3. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK‡ì Rb¨ `xN© †gqvw` cÖwkÿYmg~n Kx Kx?
4. wkÿK‡ì Rb¨ mvaviYZ ¯^í‡gqvw` Kx Kx cÖwkÿY i‡q‡Q? †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡b D³ cÖwkÿ‡Yi Av‡qvRb Kiv
nq?
5. cÖv_wgK we`¨vjqmg~‡n cwiPvwjZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mncvVµwgK Kvh©vewjmg~n Kx Kx?
6. †Kvb †Kvb f~wgKvi AvIZvq gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©vMY Zuv‡ì `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ cvjb K‡ib?
7. Dc‡Rjv wi‡mvm© †m›Uvi MV‡bi cUf~wg ms‡ÿ‡c wjLyb|
8. wefvMxq DccwiPvj‡Ki †bZ…Z¡ msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ Kx Kx?
9. wkÿKM‡Yi wb‡R‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv Ges †hvM¨Zv m¤ú‡K© ¯^”Q aviYv _vKv evÃbxq †Kb?
10. AwffveK, cwievi Ges mgv‡Ri mv‡_ wkÿ‡Ki Kvw•ÿZ m¤ú‡K©i wel‡q ms‡ÿ‡c wjLyb|
1. wefvMxq DccwiPvj‡Ki `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ eY©bv Kiæb|
2. cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯ vcbvq GKRb key person wn‡m‡e †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmv‡ii f~wgKv Kx? †Rjv
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmv‡ii `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ eY©bv Kiæb|
3. wcwUAvB-Gi Kvh©µg myôzfv‡e cwiPvjbvKv‡j mycvwib‡U‡Û›U Kx Kx `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib?
4. Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ eY©bv Kiæb|
5. BDAviwm BÝUªv±‡ii `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ eY©bv Kiæb|
6. cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki †bZ…Z¡ msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨mg~n wjLyb| we`¨vjq cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki eë¯ vcbv
I ZË¡veavwbK Kvh©µgmg~n wee„Z Kiæb|
7. cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯ vq mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ eY©bv Kiæb|
8. wkÿv_x©‡ì m‡½ wkÿ‡Ki AvPiY †Kgb nIqv DwPZ Zv eY©bv Kiæb|
9. wkÿKZv †ckvq wkÿ‡Ki Kvw•LZ e¨w³MZ AvPiY m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ wjLyb|
Z_¨m~Î :
1. nK, •mq` †gvt Iev‡q`yj I Ab¨vb¨, cÖv_wgK wkÿv g¨vby‡qj (fwjDg-1, cÖkvmb, wb‡qvMwewa, †cÖlY, e`wj,
†Rô¨Zv, c‡`vbœwZ, k„•Ljv I AvPiY, QzwU, PvKwii †iKW©cÎ msiÿY, Aemi MÖnY I Aemi fvZv BZ¨vw`
m¤úwK©Z), cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, 2004|
2. Tayko, Perla Rizalina, (etels), Organizational Development and Capacity Building

Guidebook, Second Primary Education Development Program, Directorate of Primary
Education, 2009.
109
BDwbU 6 : cÖv_wgK wkÿvi wewfbœ Dbœqb cÖKí I Kg©m~wP
wkï‡ì cÖv_wgK wkÿv AwaKvi wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k msweav‡b MYgyLx I me©Rbxb wkÿv eë¯ v cÖwZôv Ges
cÖv_wgK wkÿv‡K A‣eZwbK I eva¨Zvg~jK Kivi Aw½Kvi e¨³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zr‡cÖwÿ‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g †_‡K
cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv cÖYqbKv‡j cÖv_wgK wkÿvi wewfbœgyLx Dbœq‡bi welqwU AšÍfz©³ Kiv nq| cÖv_wgK wkÿvi wewfbœgyLx
Dbœqb mva‡bi Rb¨ cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvmg~‡ni AvIZvq †ekwKQz cÖKí I Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kiv n‡qwQj| hvi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z
evsjv‡`‡k cÖv_wgK wkÿv †m±‡i `ªæZ I e¨vcK Dbœqb mvwaZ n‡q‡Q| G BDwb‡U 1980 †_‡K 2017 mvj ch©šÍ cÖv_wgK
wkÿvi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ †hmKj Dbœqb cÖKí I Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv wb¤œewY©Z PviwU mve BDwb‡U wee„Z Kiv n‡q‡Q
:
6.1 me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖKí
6.2 cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP (wcBwWwc): †bvivW, AvBwWqvj Ges Gw÷g cÖKí
6.3 cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP-2 (wcBwWwc 2)
6.4 cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP-3 (wcBwWwc 3)|
6.1 me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖKí

evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Dc‡hvMx eq‡mi mKj wkïi Rb¨ mgZvwfwËK my‡hvM myweav cÖ`vb, mKj‡K we`¨vj‡q
Avbqb Ges mvd‡jï mv‡_ cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvcb Kiv‡bvi eë¯ v‡K me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv ejv nq| me©Rbxb
cÖv_wgK wkÿvi `yBwU w`K i‡q‡Q| cÖ_gZ cwigvYMZ, wØZxqZt ¸YMZ| cwigvYMZ w`K ej‡Z eySvq wbw`©ó eq‡mi
mKj wkï‡K we`¨vj‡q fwZ© Kiv Ges ¸YMZ w`K ej‡Z eySvq we`¨vj‡q wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewji gv‡bvbœqb Ges
we`¨vj‡q wkï‡Kw›`ªK cwi‡ek m„wói gva¨‡g wkï‡ì Dcw¯ wZ nvi e„w×, cybive„wË I S‡i cov n«vm Ges cÖwZwU ¯Í‡ii
Rb¨ wba©vwiZ †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi gva¨‡g cÖv_wgK wkÿv Pµ mgvcb|
evsjv‡`‡k 1973-1978 †gqv‡` cÖ_g cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv Ges 1980-1985 †gqv‡` wØZxq cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv
cÖYqb Kiv nq| D³ cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvq cÖv_wgK wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î e¨vcK Dbœqb Kvh©µg AšÍf³ z© Kiv n‡qwQj| G mg‡q
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb msµvšÍ `yBwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖKí MÖnY Kiv nq| cÖKí `yBwU n‡jvÑ AvBwWG mvnvh¨cyó me©Rbxb
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb cÖKí Ges me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv (RvZxq) cÖKí| wek¦e¨vsK mvnvh¨cyó Kg©m~wP †`‡ki 44wU
_vbvq cixÿvg~jKfv‡e ïiæ Kiv nq Ges 1985 mvj †_‡K mviv †`‡k m¤úªmviY Kiv nq| Ab¨w`‡K RvZxq A‡_©
Aewkó As‡k Dbœqb Kg©m~wP cwiPvwjZ nq| G cÖKí `yBwUi gva¨‡g ZrKv‡j wb¤œewY©Z hyMvšÍKvix KwZcq c`‡ÿc MÖnY
Kiv nq:
 1981 mv‡j cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi ¯ vcb,
 mnKvix _vbv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii 1834 wU c` m„wó K‡i gvV ch©v‡q miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq ZË¡veavb I
cwi`k©b Kvh©µg †Rvi`viKiY,
 ch©vqµ‡g miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿv_x©‡ì webvg~‡j¨ cvV¨cy¯ÍK mieivn Ges 1985 mv‡ji g‡a¨ mKj
wkÿv_x©i g‡a¨ webvg~‡j¨ cvV¨cy¯ÍK weZiY,
 AvmevecÎ I wkÿv DcKiY mieivn,
 Kg©KZ©v I wkÿK‡ì Rb¨ eë¯ vcbv cÖwkÿY Av‡qvRb,
 webvg~‡j¨ wkÿv_x©‡ì g‡a¨ cvV¨cy¯ÍK weZiY,
 mviv †`‡ki Rb¨ ¯‥zj gvbwPÎ cÖYqb Kvh©µg mgvßKiY,
 we`¨vj‡qi †f․Z my‡hvM myweav e„w× (11274wU †kÖwYKÿ wbg©vY, 9431wU we`¨vjq †givgZ, 6242wU bjK‚c
¯ vcb Ges 57445 wU Uq‡jU wbg©vY) BZ¨vw`|
110
me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb cÖKí cÖ_g ch©vq 1985 mv‡j mgvwßi ci me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb cÖKí wØZxq
ch©vq 1985-1990 †gqv`Kv‡j Z…Zxq cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvq AšÍfz©³ Kiv nq| AvBwWG mvnvh¨cyó G cÖK‡íi e¨q cÖvq
538 †KvwU UvKv wba©viY Kiv nq Ges mviv †`‡ki Rb¨ GKB avivi Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kiv nq|
me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb cÖKí (wØZxq ch©vq)-Gi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨mg~n wba©viY Kiv nq:
 wkÿv_x© fwZ©i nvi 60% †_‡K 70%-G DbœxZKiY,
 fwZ©K…Z wkÿv_x©‡ì a‡i ivLv wbwðZKiY,
 cÖv_wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY, cwi`k©b Ges eë¯ vcbvi gvb Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g ¸YMZ gvbm¤úbœ cÖv_wgK wkÿv
wbwðZKiY,
 wkÿvµg, cvV¨m~wP I cvV¨cy¯ÍK ms‡kvab, cybwe©b¨vm I cwigvR©b,
 webvg~‡j¨ wkÿv_x©‡ì g‡a¨ cvV¨cy¯ÍK weZiY,
 †f․Z AeKvVv‡gv Dbœqb (9285wU we`¨vjq cybwb©gv© Y, 16,257wU we`¨vjq †givgZ)
 AvmevecÎ I wkÿv DcKiY mieivn,
 GK nvRvi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq RvZxqKiY Ges 4000 AwZwi³ wkÿK wb‡qvM,
 Z_¨ eë¯ vcbvi Dbœqb|
me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖKí (wØZxq ch©vq)-Gi AvIZvq D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Dbœqb N‡U wkÿvµg cwigvR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î|
wkÿvµg‡K hy‡Mvc‡hvMx Kivi j‡ÿ¨ wkÿvµg cybwe©b¨vm I cwigvR©b K‡i †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkÿvµg cÖYqb Kiv nq|
ZvQvov wkÿvµg we¯ÍiY Kvh©µg MÖnY Ges wkÿK mnvwqK/wb‡`©wkKv cÖYqb I we`¨vj‡q mieivn wQj D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
beŸB-Gi `k‡Ki ïiæ‡Z ZrKvjxb miKvi cÖv_wgK wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î e¨vcK Dbœq‡bi cÖ‡Póv MÖnY K‡i|
Ab¨w`‡K wbiÿiZv `~ixKiY Kvh©µg †Rvi`vi Kiv nq| 1990 mv‡j cÖv_wgK wkÿv eva¨Zvg~jK AvBb cvm Kiv nq
Ges GKB eQi eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv ev¯Íevqb I cwiexÿY BDwbU ¯ vcb Kiv nq| cÖv_wgK wkÿvi cwiwa e„w× I
wbiÿiZv `~ixKiY Kvh©µg myôzfv‡e cwiPvjbvi ¯^v‡_© c„_K cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv wefvM m„wói cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv †`q
Ges 1992 mv‡j cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv wefvM m„wó nq|
1990-1995 †gqv‡` PZz_© cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv nq| PZz_© cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvq cÖv_wgK wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î
AwaKZi Dbœqb cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv nq| GiB cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z mvaviY wkÿv cÖK‡íi AvIZvq wb¤œewY©Z wZbwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨
cÖKí MÖnY Kiv nq :
1. XvKv, ivRkvnx I Lyjbv wefv‡Mi cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb cÖKí,
2. PÆMÖvg wefv‡Mi cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb cÖKí Ges
3. cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK Dbœqb cÖKí|
mvaviY wkÿv cÖK‡íi AvIZvq wb¤œewY©Z Kvh©µgmg~n ev¯Íevqb Kiv nq:
 we`¨vjqwenxb GjvKvq KwgDwbwUi mnvqZvq ¯^íe¨qx 1134wU we`¨vjq wbg©vY,
 7675wU miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cybtwbg©vY Ges 9335wU miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq †givgZ,
 7232wU †iwR÷vW© †emiKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cybtwbg©vY Ges 580wU †givgZ,
 cÖ_g I wØZxq †kÖwY wewkó 200wU m¨v‡UjvBU we`¨vjq ¯ vcb,
 RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg (†bc) Gi m¤úªmviY, cÖvBgvwi wUPvm© †Uªwbs BÝwUwUD‡Ui †f․Z my‡hvM-myweavi
Dbœqb, †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdm wbg©vY, PÆMÖg wefvMxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdm Kg‡cø· wbg©vY|
 wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ PvKzixKvjxb cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb,
 wkÿv_x©‡ì webvg~‡j¨ 772,90 jvL †mU eB weZiY,
 wkÿvµg‡K RxebgyLx I ev¯ÍewfwËK K‡i bevqb I cwigvR©b, cvV¨cy¯ÍK cÖYqb Ges cwiKíbv †gqv‡` PZz_©
†kÖwY ch©šÍ cÖPjb|
111
6.2 cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP (PEDP) : †bvivW, AvBwWqvj I Gw÷g cÖKí
evsjv‡`‡k cÂg cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv 1997Ñ2002 †gqv`Kv‡j cÖYqb Kiv nq| cÂg cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv cÖYqbKv‡j
†`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi †ÿ‡Î evsjv‡`k miKvi cÖv_wgK wkÿv‡K me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i| evsjv‡`k miKvi
_vBj¨v‡Ûi RgwZ‡q‡b 1990 mv‡j AbywôZ Òmevi Rb¨ wkÿvÓ msµvšÍ wek¦ m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`vb K‡iwQj Ges 2000
mv‡ji g‡a¨ Òmevi Rb¨ wkÿvÓ †NvlYvi mv‡_ GKgZ †cvlY K‡i ¯^vÿi K‡iwQj| GiB avivevwnKZvq mevi Rb¨
wkÿvi jÿ¨ AR©b‡K wfwË K‡i cÂg cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY Kiv nq| Gmgq wewfbœ `vZv
msMVbI evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿv †ÿ‡Î wewfbœ Dbœqb cÖK‡í Avw_©K mn‡hvwMZvi cÖ¯vÍ e wb‡q GwM‡q Av‡m| evsj‡`k
miKvi 1998 mv‡j mKj `vZv ms¯ vi Kvh©µg‡K GK‡Î cÖv_wgK wkÿvi mvwe©K Dbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ Primary Education
Development Programme (PEDP) bv‡g cwiPvjbvi cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡i Ges cÖKí ev¯Íevqb cwiKíbv cÖYqb
K‡i| †hmKj `vZv ms¯ v D³ mgq wewfbœ cÖKí Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi cÖ¯vÍ e K‡iwQj Zviv n‡”Q- ADB, DFID
(ESTEEM), Norway (NORAD), UNICEF(IDEAL), UNFPA, KfW/GTZ cÖgyL|
D‡Ïk¨ :
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi D‡Ïk¨ wQj :
K. we`¨vj‡qi ¸YMZ gvb Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯ vi cvi½gZv Dbœqb,
L. ¯ vqx, mvkÖqx Ges AwaKZi DbœZ eë¯ vcbvi cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯ v M‡o †Zvjv,
M. wkï‡ì Rb¨ me©Rbxb Ges mgZvwfwËK cÖv_wgK wkÿvi my‡hvM m„wó|
wcBwWwc-Gi wKQy mywbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨ wQj| D‡Ïk¨mg~n wb‡¤œ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :
 cÖK…Z fwZ©i nvi 85% †_‡K 95%-G DbœxZ Kiv,
 cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvwßi nvi 60% †_‡K 70%-G DbœxZ Kiv,
 cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvcbKvix wkÿv_x©‡ì g‡a¨ 85% wkÿv_x© evsjv I MwYZ wel‡q wkLb wbwðZKiY Ges Rxeb
`ÿZv †hb Kgc‡ÿ PZz_© †MÖW mggv‡bi nq Zv wbwðZ Kiv,
 we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbv Ges GKv‡WwgK mycviwfkb Kvh©µ‡gi gv‡bvbœqb,
 †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿ‡Ki wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi mgqKvj (contact hour) e„w×, GKB †kÖwY‡Z wkÿv_x©‡ì
cybive„wË n«vm Ges S‡i covi nvi Kwg‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvcbKvix wkÿv_x©‡ì cÖwZ e¨q Kwg‡q Avbv,
 cvV¨cy¯ÍK cybteënvi, AwZwi³ †kÖwYKÿ wbg©vY, †W‡gvMÖvwdK µvB‡Uwiqvi Dci wfwË K‡i bZzb feb wbg©vY,
we`¨vj‡q †g‡q wkï, kn‡ii nZ`wi`ª GjvKv Ges MÖv‡gi Ae‡nwjZ GjvKvi wkï fwZ© Ges Dcw¯ wZi nvi
e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ fZ©ywK cÖ`vb,
 RvZxq, †Rjv, Dc‡Rjv Ges we`¨vjq ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯ vcbv, cwiKíbv, ev¯Íevqb cwiexÿY Ges
Z_¨ we‡kølY Kvh©µgmg~n m¤úv`‡bi cÖvwZôvwbK mÿgZv e„w×|
wcBwWwc-Gi Dc‡iv³ D‡Ïk¨mg~n AR©‡bi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k miKvi •e‡`wkK `vZv ms¯ vi mnvqZvq 7wU cÖKí MÖnY K‡i|
D³ cÖKímg~‡ni g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wQj biI‡q mvnvh¨cyó †bvivW cÖKí, wWGdAvBwW mvnvh¨cyó Gw÷g cÖKí Ges
BDwb‡md mvnvh¨cyó AvBwWqvj cÖKí| G cÖKímg~n g~jZ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi gv‡bvbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ cÖv_wgK wkÿv
eë¯ vi wewfbœ ¯Í‡i eë¯ vcbv, cwiKíbv, ev¯Íevqb cwiexÿY, cÖwkÿY BZ¨vw` Kvh©µgmg~n m¤úv`‡bi cÖvwZôvwbK
mÿgZv e„w×i D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i|
112
†bvivW cÖKí
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb cÖK‡í biI‡q miKv‡ii Avw_©K mnvqZvq NORAD cÖKí evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿv †ÿ‡Î
¸YMZ gvb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡i| G cÖK‡íi AvIZvq cÖv_wgK wkÿvi mv‡_ RwoZ wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi
mÿgZv e„w×i Rb¨ wb¤œewY©Z Kvh©µmg~n MÖnY Kiv n‡qwQj :
 cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv wefvM, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg, cÖvBgvwi wUPvm© †Uªwbs
BÝwUwUDU-Gi Kg©KZ©v Ges mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi‡ì mÿgZv Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ †`‡k I we‡`‡k
cÖwkÿY Kvh©µg MÖnY,
 Dc‡Rjv wi‡mvm© †m›Uv‡i cwiPvwjZ wkÿK‡ì Bb mvwf©m cÖwkÿ‡Y mnvqZv cÖ`vb,
 RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwgi mÿgZv e„w×i Rb¨ wewfbœ Kvh©µg MÖnY| †b‡ci we‡klÁ ch©v‡qi
Kg©KZ©v‡ì GK eQ‡ii D”PZi •e‡`wkK cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g mÿgZv e„w×, †bc Dbœqb cwiKíbv cÖYq‡b
KvwiMix mnvqZv cÖ`vb, †bc KZ©„K ev¯ÍevwqZ wcwUAvBmg~‡n mvwU©wd‡KU Bb GWz‡Kkb cÖwkÿ‡Y mn‡hvwMZv
cÖ`vb,
 †emiKvix †iwR÷vW© cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi 50,000 Rb wkÿK‡K mvwU©wd‡KU Bb GWz‡Kkb cÖwkÿ‡Y mnvqZv
cÖ`vb,
 mveK¬v÷vi cÖwkÿ‡Y mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb,
 cÖvBgvwi wUPvm© †Uªwbs Bbw÷wUDU (wcwUAvB) I RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg (†bc)-Gi jvB‡eªwi Dbœqb|
 cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, †bc I wcwUAvB-G Kg©iZ jvB‡eªwiqvb I mnKvix jvB‡eªwiqvb‡ì cÖwkÿY cÖ`v‡bi
gva¨‡g mÿgZv e„w×,
 cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, †bc Ges wcwUAvBmg~‡n DbœZgv‡bi wkÿv mswkøó cy¯ÍK µq I †cÖiY|
 GQvovI G cÖKí RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© KZ©„K cÖYxZ cy¯ÍK g~`ª‡Yi Rb¨ KvMR µ‡qi mnvqZv
cÖ`vb K‡iwQj|
†m mgq †bvivW cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g biI‡q miKvi 4 †KvwU gvwK©b Wjvi ($40 wgwjqb) Avw_©K mnvqZv cÖ`vb|
AvBwWqvj cÖKí
cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸YMZ gvb Dbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ BDwb‡m‡di Avw_©K I KvwiMwi mnvqZvq 1996 mv‡j AvBwWqvj cÖKí MÖnY
Kiv nq| GwU wbweo †Rjv c×wZi gva¨‡g cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb cÖKí (Intensive District to Education for
All(IDEAL) bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj| cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv wefv‡Mi Aaxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi gvV ch©v‡q G Kvh©µg
ev¯Íevqb K‡i‡Q| ZvQvov RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© Ges RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg G cÖK‡íi Kvh©µ‡g
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q| G cÖK‡íi jÿ¨ wQj Avb›``vqK, AskMÖnYg~jK I wkï‡Kw›`ªK wkÿvi gva¨‡g wkï‡ì
Avek¨Kxq `ÿZvmg~‡ni weKvk mvab Kiv †h, `ÿZvmg~n Zv‡ì RxweKv wbe©v‡ni †ÿ‡Î mnvqK f~wgKv ivL‡e|
AvBwWqvj cÖK‡íi D‡Ïk¨ :
1. Avb›``vqK, AskMÖnYg~jK I wkï‡Kw›`ªK DbœZ wkÿK cÖwkÿY cÖeZ©b Ges wkÿv_x©‡ì wkLb AR©b hvPvB-Gi
gva¨‡g cÖv_wgK wkÿvi mvwe©K ¸YMZ gvb e„w×;
2. 6-10 eQi eqmx wkï‡ì we`¨vj‡q †bU fwZ©i nvi 88% G Ges fwZ©K…Z wkï‡ì cuvP eQi †gqvw` wkÿvKvj
mgvwß 75%-G DbœxZ Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiv;
3. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸YMZ gvb e„w×i gva¨‡g †g․wjK ev cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvmg~n AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv;
4. cÖv_wgK wkÿv †ÿ‡Î •elg¨ `~i Kiv|
ZrKv‡j cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q fwZ©i nvi wQj gvÎ 82% Ges cuvP eQi †gqvw` cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvwßi nvi wQj 65%| †m
mgq cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸YMZ gvb wQj `ye©j| cÂg †kªwY cvm Kivi ci gvÎ GK Z…Zxqvsk wkïi AwR©Z wkLb
m‡šÍvlRbK wQj| Ach©vß wkÿv DcKiY, wkÿK I †kªwYK‡ÿi ¯^íZvi Kvi‡Y Avb›``vqK, AskMÖnYg~jK I
113
wkï‡Kw›`ªK wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv `yiƒn wQj| ZvQvov we`¨vj‡qi Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Ð ¯ vbxq RbMY I
AwffveK‡ì m¤ú„³Zv wQj bv|
AvBwWqvj cÖKí 1996 mv‡j wSbvB`n †Rjvi 2wU Dc‡Rjv †_‡K ïiæ nq| 1998 mv‡ji †kl w`‡K G cÖK‡íi
AvIZvq AviI cuvPwU †Rjvi (wSbvB`n, w`bvRcyi, †bvqvLvjx, cUzqvLvjx I gqgbwmsn) mKj Dc‡Rjvq Ges AviI
12wU †Rjvi 2wU K‡i Dc‡Rjvq m¤úªmviY Kiv nq| 1999 mv‡j 12wU †Rjvi mKj Dc‡Rjv G cÖK‡íi AvIZvq
AšÍfy³
© Kiv nq| Gfv‡e ch©vqµ‡g G cÖK‡íi AvIZvq 38wU †Rjvq m¤úªmviY Kiv nq| G cÖK‡íi †gvU eiv‡Ïi
cwigvY 21,935.00 jÿ UvKv (2107.68 jÿ UvKv wRIwe Ges 19,827.32 jÿ UvKv cÖKí mnvqZv) wba©viY Kiv
nq| AvBwWqvj cÖK‡íi †gqv`Kvj wQj RyjvB 1996 †_‡K wW‡m¤î 2004 ch©šÍ|
AvBwWqvj cÖK‡íi g~j Dc`vbmg~n :
1. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸YMZ gv‡bvbœqb;
2. wkLb AMÖMwZ cwiexÿY;
3. ¯ vbxq ch©v‡q cwiKíbv cÖYqb I ev¯Íevqb
4. mvgvwRK DØy×KiY I †hvMv‡hvM|
AvBwWqvj cÖK‡íi g~j Dc`vbmg~n‡K Avevi KwZcq mve Dc`v‡b web¨¯Í Kiv nq Ges cÖwZwU mve Dcv`v‡bi D‡Ïk¨
AwR©Z nq wewfbœ Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g|
1. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸YMZ gv‡bvbœqb :
 eûgyLx wkLb c×wZ I cÖ‡R± c×wZ‡Z wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv;
 we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbv I GKv‡WwgK mycviwfkb wel‡q cÖavb wkÿK‡ì mwµq AskMÖnY;
 †kªwYKÿ cybtweb¨vm I mymw¾ZKiY;
 we`¨vj‡qi cwi‡ek Dbœqb|
2. wkLb AMÖMwZ cwiexÿY

G Dcv`v‡bi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q, wkÿv_x©‡ì wkLb AMÖMwZ cwiexÿY Kiv Ges mnR, Dc‡hvMx I Kvh©Kix g~j¨vqb
c×wZ‡Z Zv‡ì wkLb †hvM¨Zv hvPvB Kiv| wkLb AMÖMwZ cwiexÿ‡Yi Kvh©vewj wewfbœ ch©v‡q Av‡jvPbv, ch©v‡jvPbv I
M‡elYvi gva¨‡g ch©vqµ‡g wPwýZ Kiv Ges Zv ev¯Íevq‡bi c`‡ÿc †bIqv| cvkvcvwk wkL‡b wcwQ‡q cov wkï‡ì
we‡kl mnvqZv`v‡bi cÖwµqv D™¢veb|
3. ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q cwiKíbv cÖYqb I ev¯Íevqb

G Dcv`v‡bi AvIZvq †h mKj Kvh©µgmg~n wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv wb‡¤œ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv:
 wkï Rwic I we`¨vjq K¨vP‡g›U GjvKvi g¨vc •Zwi;
 wewfbœ ch©v‡qi gvby‡li mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g we`¨vjqwfwËK cwiKíbv cÖYqb;
 ¯ vbxq m¤ú` msMÖ‡ni gva¨‡g we`¨vjqwfwËK cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb;
 wewfbœ ch©v‡q ch©v‡jvPbv mfv Kiv;
 Z_¨‡evW© ¯ vcb I eënvi;
 †KvnU© d‡jvAvc|
4. mvgvwRK DØy×KiY I †hvMv‡hvM
 †kÖwYwfwËK wkÿv_©x‡ì gv I AwffveK‡ì m‡½ wkÿK‡ì wbqwgZ mfvi Av‡qvRb;
 gv‡q‡ì mv‡_ wbqwgZ DVvb •eVK Kiv;
 we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbv KwgwUi m‡½ wbqwgZ mfvi Av‡qvRb;
 wkÿv DcKiY †gjv Ges
 RvZxq ch©v‡q DØy×KiY I †hvMv‡hvM Kg©m~wP|
114
Dc‡Rjv wi‡mvm© †m›Uvi MVb
1996 mvj †_‡K wewfbœ `vZv ms¯ v AvBwWqvj cÖK‡í A_©mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ GwM‡q Av‡m| Gi g‡a¨ wmWv I Iqvj©W
e¨vsK D‡jøL‡hvM¨| AvBwWqvj cÖK‡íi Aax‡b 1997 mv‡j 4 Rb Rbejmn 241 wU Dc‡Rjv wi‡mvm© †m›Uvi MVb Kiv
nq| GB mKj wi‡mvm© †m›Uv‡i cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ GKRb BÝUªv±i, GKRb mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi,
GKRb WvUv Gw›Uª Acv‡iUi Ges GKRb bvBU MvW© wb‡qvM Kiv nq| BDAviwm MV‡bi g~j D‡Ïk¨ wQjÑwkï‡ì ¸YMZ
gvb m¤úbœ wkLb wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ welqwfwËK cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbv Kiv| Dc‡Rjvi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq I wkÿK cÖwkÿY
m¤úwK©Z hveZxq Z_¨ msiÿY Kiv|
AvBwWqvj cÖK‡íi AvIZvq †h mKj cÖwkÿY Kvh©µg MÖnY Kiv n‡qwQj Zv wb‡¤œ ms‡ÿ‡c eY©bv Kiv n‡jv:
 eûgyLx wkLb c×wZ Ges wbivc` wkLb cwi‡ek msµvšÍ cÖwkÿY|
 we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbv I GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb cÖwkÿY;
 mve K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿY;
 Awa`ß‡ii Kg©KZ©v, †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi, wcwUAvB mycvwib‡U‡Û›U Ges BDAviwm BÝUªv±i‡ì Awdm
eë¯ vcbv cÖwkÿY;
 Dc‡Rjv wi‡mvm© †m›Uv‡i wkÿK‡ì welqwfwËK cÖwkÿY;
 Local Level Planning msµvšÍ cÖwkÿY;
 ICT Training
Dchy©³ cÖwkÿYmg~‡ni gv÷vi †Uªbvi wn‡m‡e wcwUAvB-Gi BÝUªv±iMY gyL¨ f‚wgKv cvjb K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K BDAviwm
BÝUªv±i Ges mnKvix BÝUªv±iMY cÖwkÿK wn‡m‡e Dc‡Rjv wi‡mvm© †m›Uv‡i Dc‡iv³ cÖwkÿYmg~n cwiPvjbvi gva¨‡g
cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK‡ì †kLv‡bvi `ÿZv e„w×i cÖ‡Póv MÖnY Kiv nq|
(Drm : AvBwWqvj cÖKí cwiwPwZ cyw¯ÍKv-2001)
Gw÷g (ESTEEM) cÖKí

Gw÷g cÖK‡íi c~Y©v½ iƒc n‡”Q, Effective Schools Through Enhanced Education Management
(ESTEEM). hy³ivR¨wfwËK `vZv ms¯ v DFID-Gi Avw_©K mnvqZvq evsjv‡`‡k cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb cÖKí (1998-
2002)-Gi AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g Gw÷g cÖK‡íi Kvh©µg A‡±vei 1998 †_‡K kyiæ nq| G cÖK‡íi g~j jÿ¨ wQj
cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯ vi mKj ¯Í‡ii we‡klZt †K›`ªxq I †Rjv ch©v‡q wkÿv Kvh©µg eë¯ vcbvi mÿgZv e„w×i gva¨‡g
cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸YMZ gv‡bvbœqb| Gw÷g cÖKí ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³ wb¤œewY©Z wZbwU †ÿ‡Î wcBwWwc-†Z mn‡hvwMZv
K‡iwQj :
1. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii eë¯ vcbv mÿgZv kw³kvjx Kiv,
2. wkÿK‡ì wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ges we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbvi gv‡bvbœqb Kiv,
3. mve †m±i †cÖvMÖvg eë¯ vcbvq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii f‚wgKvq mn‡hvwMZv Kiv|
G cÖK‡íi g~j D‡Ïk¨ :
Òwkÿv welqK hveZxq m¤ú` eë¯ vcbvi mÿgZvi Dbœqb mva‡bi gva¨‡g myPviæiƒ‡c mKj wkïi wkLb wbwðZKiYÓ|
G D‡Ïk¨mg~n AR©‡bi Rb¨ 8wU djvdj †ÿÎ wba©viY Kiv nq:
1. cÖv_wgK wkÿv †m±‡ii mKj ¯Í‡ii eë¯ vcbv mÿgZv kw³kvjxKiY,
2. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb BDwbU, cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq
Ges cø¨vwbs Kwgk‡bi wkÿv kvLvi cwiKíbv cÖYqb mÿgZv kw³kvjxKiY,
3. eë¯ vcK‡ì ¸YMZ gvb m¤úbœ Z_¨ mieivn Kivi Rb¨ mÿgZv Dbœqb,
115
4. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸YMZgvY cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb mÿgZv kw³kvjxKiY,
5. cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv wefvM Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii Avw_©K eë¯ vcbvi mÿgZv kw³kvjxKiY,
6. cÖPwjZ GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb I mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb eë¯ v‡K kw³kvjxKiY,
7. wkÿv cwjwm cÖYqb mÿgZv kw³kvjxKiY, Ges
8. cÖv_wgK wkÿvq mKj wkïi AskMÖnY, w¯ wZ Ges Dcw¯ wZ nvi e„w×i Rb¨ ¯ vbxq ev KwgDwbwU DØy×KiY
†K․kj ev¯Íevqb|
Gw÷g cÖKí KZ©„K m¤úvw`Z Kvh©vewj :
Gw÷g cÖK‡íi 8wU djvdj †ÿ‡Îi Rb¨ wb¤œewY©Z Kvh©vewj wba©viY Kiv nq :
 cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii mKj ¯Í‡i Ges cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv wefv‡Mi Pjgvb eë¯ vcbv Kvh©µ‡gi
Dbœqb mvab mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb,
 Z_¨ eë¯ vcbv wm‡÷g‡K †h․w³KxKiY Ges cwiKíbv cÖYqb I A_© eivÏKiY msµvšÍ wm×všÍ MÖnY
cÖwµqvq Z_¨ eë¯ vcbv wm‡÷‡gi eënvi,
 cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii Avw_©K eë¯ vcbv c×wZi Dbœqb mvab,
 wcwUAvB Ges ¯ vbxq ch©v‡q mveK¬v÷vi cÖwkÿY cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿK‡ì Rb¨ ¸YMZ gvb m¤úbœ
GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb Kvh©µg cÖeZ©b Kivi wel‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi‡K mnvqZv cÖ`vb.
 †bc Ges wbe©vwPZ wKQz wcwUAvB-G GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb welqK GKwU †Kvi G·cvU© MÖæc •Zwi Kiv,
 cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœq‡bi wm‡÷‡gwUK m~PKmg~n mvsevrmwiK cwigvc wbwðZ Kivi wel‡q mgxÿv
cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ A_©vqb Kiv|
 1g, 3q Ges 5g eQ‡i Z…Zxq I cÂg †kÖwYi evsjv I MwYZ welq‡K †K›`ª K‡i RvZxq ¯‥zj G‡mm‡g‡›Ui
Rb¨ A_©vqb|
Gw÷g cÖK‡íi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Kvh©µg wQj cÖwZwU ¯Í‡i mÿgZv e„w×i Rb¨ wbweo cÖwkÿ‡Yi Av‡qvRb Kiv| Gw÷g
cÖKí KZ©„K Kg©KZ©v‡ì Rb¨ †`‡k †h mKj cÖwkÿ‡Yi eë¯ v Kiv n‡qwQj †m¸‡jv wb‡¤œ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv:
 cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq Ges eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿv ev¯Íevqb cwiexÿY
BDwb‡Ui mKj Kg©KZ©vi `vßwiK Kvh©vw` m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ Kw¤úDUvi eënvi cÖwkÿY,
 cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi I wefv‡Mi D”P ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©v‡ì Rb¨ eë¯ vcbv Dbœqb msµvšÍ GKwU
kw³kvjx †cÖvMÖv‡gi wWRvBb Kiv,
 mKj †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi, mKj Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi Ges mKj mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv
Awdmvi‡K cwi`k©b, wkÿK ZË¡veavb Ges cÖkvmb welqK cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb,
 wbe©vwPZ cÖavb wkÿKM‡Yi Rb¨ we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbv, GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb, mvgvwRK DØy×KiY cÖf…wZ
wel‡q cÖwkÿY cÖ`v‡bi eë¯ v Kiv,
 we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbv KwgwUi m`m¨ Ges Ab¨vb¨ KwgDwbwU e¨w³e‡M©i Rb¨ mvgvwRK DØy×KiY Ges
we`¨vjqwfwËK ÿz`ª cwiKíbv msµvšÍ cÖwkÿ‡Yi eë¯ v Kiv,
 Avw_©K eë¯ vcbv, wkÿv cwiKíbv, BGgAvBGm, cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb, wkÿK cÖwkÿY eë¯ vcbv, wkÿv
M‡elYv BZ¨vw` welq mswkøó wKQz msL¨K Kg©KZ©vi Rb¨ D³ wel‡q we‡klvwqZ cÖwkÿ‡Yi eë¯ v Kiv|
Dc‡iv³ cÖwkÿYmg~n cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Gw÷g cÖKí †_‡K gv÷vi †Uªbvi MVb Kivi wel‡q •e‡`wkK cÖwkÿ‡Yi Av‡qvRb
Kiv wQj D‡jøL‡hvM¨| wcwUAvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U, †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi, wcwUAvB BÝUªv±i, Dc‡Rjv wkÿv
Awdmvi cÖgyL-Gi hy³iv‡R¨ cÖwkÿY cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g wewfbœ wel‡q gv÷vi †Uªbv‡ii GKwU †Kvi MÖæc MVb Kiv nq|
Gw÷g cÖK‡íi AviI ¸iæZ¡c~Y Kvh©µ‡gi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wQj cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡i cwjwm I Acv‡ikb wefvM
m„wó Ges GKwU WKz‡g‡›Ukb †m›Uvi ¯ vcb |
116
6.3 cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP-2 (wcBwWwc 2)
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP-2-Gi mgqKvj Rvbyqvwi 2004 †_‡K Ryb 2011| G Kg©m~wPwU Second Primary
Education Development Program-2 (PEDP-2) bv‡g mycwiwPZ| GwU GKwU D”Pvwfjvwl Ges RwUj Kg©m~wP|
cÖv_wgK wkÿv †ÿ‡Î mvgwMÖK Dbœq‡bi jÿ¨ wb‡q G Kg©m~wPi Kvh©µg ïiæ nq| wcBwWwc-2 Gi g~j jÿ¨ wba©viY Kiv
n‡qwQj : Òevsjv‡`‡ki mKj wkïi Rb¨ ¸YMZgvb m¤úbœ cÖv_wgK wkÿv wbwðZ KivÓ| ZrKv‡j evsjv‡`‡k 6 eQi
†_‡K 10 eQi eqmx mKj wkï‡K we`¨vj‡q cÖ‡e‡ki my‡hvM m„wó Ki‡Z n‡j †h mKj c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zvi
meB D³ Kvh©µgmg~‡n AšÍfy©³ Kiv n‡qwQj| †hgb †kªwYKÿ wbg©vY I †givgZ, wbivc` cvwb I Uq‡jU wbg©vY,
KvwiKzjvg cwigvR©b Ges mKj wkïi Rb¨ webvg~‡j¨ cvV¨cy¯ÍK mieivn, wkÿK c` m„wó I wkÿK wb‡qvM, wkÿK
cÖwkÿY, wcwUAvB-Gi AeKvVv‡gv Dbœqb, Kg©KZ©v Kg©Pvix‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖwkÿY BZ¨vw`| A_©vr
¸YMZgvb m¤úbœ cÖv_wgK wkÿv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ GKwU mvgwMÖK cwiKíbv Kiv n‡qwQj|
wcBwWwc 2-Gi me©‡gvU ev‡R‡Ui cwigvY wQj 1.815 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi| Gi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii Ask 1.161
wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi hv †gvU ev‡R‡Ui 64 fvM| evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii m‡½ AviI 11wU `vZv ms¯ v ( ADB, WB,
DFID, EU, Netherland, Norway, SIDA, CIDA, JICA, UNICEF & AusAid) G Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Ð AskMÖnY
K‡iwQj Ges Zv‡ì Kw›UªweDkb wQj 685.2 wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi, †gvU ev‡R‡Ui 36 fvM|
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP-2 Gi D‡Ïk¨
1. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi gvb wbY©vqK (Primary School Quality Level ms‡ÿ‡c PSQL) c×wZ cÖeZ©‡bi gva¨‡g
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸YMZ gvb Dbœqb,
2. †`‡ki mKj wkï‡K we`¨vj‡q AšÍfz©³KiY,
3. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q fwZ©, Dcw¯ wZ Ges Pµ mgvc‡bi nvi e„w×,
4. †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿv_x©‡Kw›`ªK wkÿveë¯ v PvjyKiY,
5. cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii cÖ‡Z¨KwU ¯Íi I wefvM‡K wcBwWwc 2 Kg©m~wPi
mv‡_ m¤ú„„³KiY,
6. wkÿv eë¯ vcbvi †ÿ‡Î cÖvwZôvwbK ms¯‥vi Kiv Ges wm×všÍ MÖnY ÿgZvi myôz we‡K›`ªxKiY,
7. we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbv cÖwµqvi cÖwZwU ¯Í‡ii gv‡bvbœqb I ÿgZvqb,
8. cÖv_wgK wkÿveë¯ vi mKj ¯Í‡ii ¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZv wbwðZKiY,
9. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cvV¨cy¯ÍK I Ab¨vb¨ mnvqK DcKiYmg~n webvg~‡j¨ mieivn,
10. we`¨vjq cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î AwffveKmn mKj mvgvwRK cÖwZôv‡bi m¤ú„³KiY|
wcBwWwc-2 Gi K‡¤úv‡b›U Ges M„nxZ Kvh©µg

wcBwWwc 2-Gi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨‡K †K›`ª K‡i cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Dbœqb Kg©KvÐ‡K PviwU K‡¤úv‡b‡›U wef³ K‡i ev¯Íevqb
†K․kj wba©viY Kiv nq| cÖwZwU K‡¤úv‡b‡›Ui AvIZvq KwZcq mywbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨ I Kvh©µg wba©viY Kiv nq Ges D³
D‡Ïk¨mg~n djcÖm~ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿv †ÿ‡Î mvgwMÖK Dbœq‡bi cÖ‡Póv
MÖnY Kiv nq|
K‡¤úv‡b›U 1 : cÖvwZôvwbK Dbœqb I mÿgZv e„w×i gva¨‡g ¸YMZ gv‡bvbœqb|
K‡¤úv‡b›U 1-Gi jÿ¨ wQj cÖvwZôvwbK Dbœqb I cÖvwZôvwbK mÿgZv e„w×i gva¨‡g we`¨vj‡qi ¸YMZ gv‡bvbœqb|
cÖv_wgK wkÿvi D”P ch©vq †_‡K gvV ch©v‡q ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ cwjwmi †ÿ‡Î e¨vcK ms¯‥vi †d«gIqvK© I gvbe m¤ú`
Dbœqb I e¨ve¯ vcbv msµvšÍ †d«gIqvK© cÖYqb Kiv n‡qwQj| EaŸ©Zb Awdmmg~‡ni `vwqZ¡ I ÿgZv gvvV ch©v‡q
we‡Kw›`ªKi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ ÿgZv we‡Kw›`ªKiY msµvšÍ cwiKíbv G K‡¤úv‡b‡›Ui AvIZvq AšÍf©z³ wQj| Gi D‡Ïk¨ wQj
we`¨vj‡qi Dbœq‡b ¯ vbxq Kg©KZ©v I ¯ vbxq KwgDwbwUi AskMÖnY e„w×| K‡¤úv‡b›U 1 Gi gva¨‡g wcBwWwc 2 mÿgZv
e„w× I miKv‡ii ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `ßi I cÖvwZôvwbK ms¯‥v‡ii welqwU m‡e©v”P AMÖwaKvi cÖ`vb Kiv n‡qwQj|
117
M„nxZ Kvh©µg :
G K‡¤úv‡b‡›Ui AvIZq wbgœ ewY©Z 15wU Kvh©µg AšÍf³
z© Kiv nq :
 cÖvwZôvwbK we‡kølY I wiwfD-Gi gva¨‡g cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii
mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv kw³kvjx Kiv;
 mnvqZvg~jK BÝ‡cKkb I GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb;
 cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g mÿgZv e„w×;
 GgAvBGm-Gi Ask wn‡m‡e wRAvBGm WvUv eënv‡ii Rb¨ †bUIqv‡K©i AvIZv evov‡bv;
 wkÿK I cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó Kg©KZ©v‡ì Rb¨ †Kwiqvi cwiKíbv my`„p Kiv;
 Dc‡Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv cwiKíbv (BD‡cc) wm‡÷g cÖeZ©b;
 cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡i ch©vß Rbejmn GKwU GWy‡Kkb g¨v‡bR‡g›U Bbdi‡gkb wm‡÷g Ges GKwU A_© I
msMÖn wefvM m„wó;
 we`¨vjq g¨v‡bwRs KwgwUi eë¯ vcbv I cwiKíbv mÿgZv e„w×;
 we`¨vjq, Dc‡Rjv I †Rjv ch©v‡q ÿgZv we‡Kw›`ªKiY;
 we`¨vjq g¨v‡bwRs KwgwUi Rb¨ RvZxq I DbœZ c×wZ‡Z cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wP cÖeZ©b:
 we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK, we`¨vjq g¨v‡bwRs KwgwU Ges KwgDwbwUi AskMÖn‡Yi ga¨‡g we`¨vjqwfwËK Dbœqb
cwiKíbv cÖYqb;
 wkÿK AwffveK G¨v‡mvwk‡qk‡bi f~wgKv kw³kvjxKiY;
 Dc‡Rjv wi‡mvm© †m›Uvi‡K kw³kvjxKiY;
 mnvqZvg~jK BÝ‡cKkb I GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb cÖeZ©b;
 we‡kl Pvwn`v m¤úbœ wkï‡ì Rb¨ cÖvwZôvwbK mÿgZv m¤úªmviY|
K‡¤úv‡b›U 2 : we`¨vjq I †kªwYKÿ ch©v‡q ¸YMZ gv‡bvbœqb|

K‡¤úv‡b›U 2 Gi jÿ n‡”QÑ wkÿK cÖwkÿY, webvg~‡j¨ cvV¨cy¯ÍK weZiY, wk‡ÿvcKiY µ‡qi Rb¨ we`¨vj‡q eivÏ
cÖ`vb Ges we`¨vjq ch©v‡q Dbœqb cwiKíbv cÖYqb I ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ MÖv›U cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g we`¨vjq I †kªwYK‡ÿ wkLb
†kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi ¸YMZ gv‡bvbœqb| G K‡¤úv‡b‡›Ui AvIZvq wZbwU mve K‡¤úv‡b›U i‡q‡Q|
mve K‡¤úv‡b›U 2.1 : wkLb cwi‡ek
M„nxZ Kvh©µg :
 we`¨vj‡qi †f․Z AeKvVv‡gv Ges ¸YMZ myweavw` wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi ¸YMZ gvb`Ð
Primary School Quality Level (‘PSQL’) cÖYqb;
 cvV¨cy¯ÍK, AvwZwi³ wkLb mvgMÖx, wk‡ÿvcKiY I wkÿK ms¯‥i‡Yi gv‡bvbœqb Ges h_vh_ cÖwµqvq cvV¨cy¯ÍK weZiY;
 2009 mv‡ji g‡a¨ mKj cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q gwnjv wkÿ†Ki AbycvZ 60%-G DwbœZ Kiv;
 wkÿK‡ì Drmvn cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ evrmwiK M‡elYv MÖv›U cÖ`vb;
 wkÿK wkÿv_x© AbycvZ 1 : 46-G bvwg‡q Avbv Ges evrmwiK K›Uv± AvIqvi 750-G DbœxZ Kiv;
 cÖvBgvwi wUPvm© †Uªwbs BÝwUwUDU (PTI) Gi mv‡_ ¸YMZgv‡bi wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi Abykxjb msµvšÍ
we`¨vj‡qi †bUIqvK© M‡o †Zvjv;
 m¨v‡UjvBU we`¨vjqmg~‡ni `xN©‡gqvw` m¤¢ve¨Zv I PSQL ÷¨vÛvW© eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ m¤ú` mieivn;
 wcwUAvB‡Z be wb‡qvMcÖvß cÖavb wkÿK‡ì wkÿv eë¯ vcbv welqK cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ †Rjv ch©v‡q GKwU
we‡klÁ wUg cÖeZ©b Kiv;
 RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †ev‡W©i cÖvBgvwi KvwiKzjvg DBs-†K GKwU ¯^qs m¤ú~Y© m¤ú`kvjx Avav
¯^vqËkvwlZ cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e mÿg Kiv|
118
mve K‡¤úv‡b›U 2.2 : wkÿK I wkÿv`vb|
M„nxZ Kvh©µg :
 GKv‡WwgK I cÖhyw³MZ mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ RvZxq cÖv_wgK
wkÿv GKv‡Wwg (†bc)-Gi mÿgZv e„w× Kiv|
 cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi ¸YMZ gv‡bvbœqb;
 wkÿK‡K †h mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiv nq Zv e„w×i gva¨‡g wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ Dbœqb I e„w× mvab;
 cÖvBgvwi wUPvm© †Uªwbs BÝwUwUDU (PTI) mg~‡ni †f․Z AeKvVv‡gv Dbœqb Ges wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ Dbœqb
mva‡bi gva¨‡g DbœZ wkÿK cÖwkÿY cÖ`v‡bi mÿgZv e„w× Kiv;
 cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK‡ì g~j cÖwkÿ‡Yi cvkvcvwk AwZwi³ cÖwkÿY wn‡m‡e Bb mvwf©m cÖwkÿ‡Yi
gv‡bvbœqb;
 cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q ¸YMZgvb m¤úbœ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi †K›`ªwe›`y wn‡m‡e cÖavb wkÿK‡ì we`¨vjq
eë¯ vcbv welqK cÖwkÿY cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g we`¨vj‡qi ¸YMZ gv‡bvbœqb;
 cÖwZ Dc‡Rjvq Bb mvwf©m cÖwkÿ‡Y mnvqZv cÖ`vb I †ckvMZ mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ Dc‡Rjv wi‡mvm©
†m›Uv‡ii gv‡bvbœqb|
mve K‡¤úv‡b›U 3 : mgvR AewnZKiY Ges wkÿv mnvqZvq AskMÖnY

M„nxZ Kvh©µmg~n :
 ¯ vbxq ch©v‡q m„ó mgm¨v Ges wkÿK Abycw¯ wZ mgm¨v wbqš¿‡bi Rb¨ we`¨vjq g¨v‡bwRs KwgwUi ÿgZv e„w×;
 we`¨vjq g¨v‡bwRs KwgwU‡K we`¨vjq mnvqZv eivÏ cÖ`vb;
 we`¨vjq, wkÿv Ges wkïi ¯^v¯ ¨ m¤úwK©Z wel‡q AskMªn‡Yi Rb¨ mgvR DØy×KiY Kg©m~wP MÖnY;
 we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbv KwgwU Ges wkÿK AwffveK G¨v‡mvwm‡qk‡bi g‡a¨ h_vh_ mym¤úK© ¯ vcb|
K‡¤úv‡b›U 3 : AeKvVv‡gv Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g ¸YMZ gv‡bvbœqb|

K‡¤úv‡b›U 3 Gi jÿ¨ n‡”Q we`¨vjq, cÖvBgvwi wUPvm© †Uªwbs BÝwUwUDU Ges gvV ch©v‡qi wkÿv Awdmmg~‡ni †f․Z
AeKvVv‡gv Dbœqb| G K‡¤úv‡b‡›Ui AvIZvq cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg I `y‡h©vM cÖeY GjvKvi Rb¨ we‡kl eë¯ v †bqvi cwiKíbv
MÖnY Kiv nq|
M„nxZ Kvh©µg :
 40,870wU bZzb I eo †kªwYKÿ wbg©vY;
 mKj we`¨vj‡q wkÿK wkÿv_x© Df‡qi Rb¨ Uq‡jU myweavi eë¯ v Kiv;
 53wU wcwUAvB-Gi cybtwbg©vY, ms¯‥vi, m¤úªmviY Ges Dbœqb mvab;
 we`¨vj‡q wbivc` cvwb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ bjK‚c ¯ vcb Ges wkLb Pvwn`v cyi‡Yi Rb¨ we`¨vj‡q Avmevec‡Îi
ev¯Íe Ae¯ vi Dbœqb;
 Dc‡Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awd‡mi Rb¨ AwZwi³ AwdmKÿ wbg©vY;
 cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi ÿz`ª b„-†Mvwôi wkï‡ì Rb¨ AwZwi³ †kªwYKÿ Ges 10wU †nv‡÷j wbg©vY|
119
K‡¤úv‡b›U 4 : gvbm¤§Z cÖv_wgK wkÿvq mgZvi wfwË‡Z AskMÖn‡Yi AwaKvi
wbwðZKi‡Y mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ges my‡hv‡Mi †ÿÎ m¤úªmviY|
K‡¤úv‡b›U 4-Gi jÿ¨ n‡”Q gvbm¤§Z cÖv_wgK wkÿvq mgZvi wfwË‡Z AskMÖn‡Yi AwaKvi wbwðZKi‡Yi Rb¨ my‡hv‡Mi
†ÿÎ m¤úªmviY| †hgbÑ we‡kl Pvwn`v m¤úbœ wkï‡ì AwaKvi wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ we`¨vjq feb wbg©v‡Yi †ÿ‡Î bKkvq
cÖ‡qvRbxq mgš^q Kiv, wkÿK cÖwkÿY, we‡kl wkLb †kLv‡bv mvgMÖx mieivn, `wi`ª wkÿv_x©‡ì Rb¨ fvZv cÖ`vb Ges
AwffveKMY‡K DØy× Kivi Rb¨ mvgvwRK m‡PZbZv Av‡›`vjb|
M„nxZ Kvh©µg :
 wkï‡ì we`¨vjqgyLx Kiv Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv m¤úbœ Kivi †ÿ‡Î †h mKj evav i‡q‡Q Zv `~ixf‚Z Kivi j‡ÿ¨
we‡kl Pvwn`v wkÿv cÖeZ©b;
 MÖv‡›Ui gva¨‡g wkï‡ì Rb¨ my¯^v¯ ¨ I mywkÿv Kvh©µg MÖnY;
 †RÛvi msµvšÍ DcKiY cÖYqb;
 cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, wcwUAvB Ges Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©v‡ì Rb¨ we‡klvwqZ cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb;
 `wi`ª cwievimg~n‡K Avw_©K mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi j‡ÿ¨ ÷vB‡cÛ Kvh©µg Pjgvb ivLv;
 we`¨vjq ch©v‡q we‡kl Pvwn`v m¤úbœ wkï‡ì Rb¨ †cWv‡MvwRK¨vj mnvqZv cÖ`vb;
 `vwi`ª¨ cxwoZ GjKvi Kg©iZ wkï Ges kvixwiK, gvbwmK, Avw_©K I mvgvwRK Kvi‡Y evavMÖ¯Í cÖwZeÜx
wkï‡ì Rb¨ MÖ¨v›U cÖ`vb;
 ev¯ÍegyLx Ges m„wókxj D™¢vebxg~jK Kvh©µ‡g mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ MÖv‡›Ui cÖ`vb|
(Z_¨m~Î : wcBwWwc 2-wØZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP msev` mvgwqKx-2006)
6.4 cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP-3 (wcBwWwc-3)

cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP-3 G 5 eQi †gqvw` †m±iwfwËK Kg©m~wP hv‡Z cÖvK cÖv_wgK †kÖwYmn 1g †kªwY †_‡K 5g
†kÖwY ch©šÍ AšÍfy³
© Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU Third Primary Education Development Program (PEDP- 3) bv‡g
mycwiwPZ| cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi 2011 m‡bi RyjvB gvm †_‡K Z…Zxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb K‡i
Avm‡Q| Z…Zxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP evsjv‡`k miKvi I Dbœqb mn‡hvMx †h․_ A_©vq‡b ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡”Q| Dbœqb
mn‡hvMx‡ì mnvqZvq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Lv‡Z m‡e©v”P wewb‡qv‡Mi Z…Zxq cÖqvm n‡jv Z…Zxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb
Kg©m~wP|wØZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq M„nxZ A‡bK Kvh©µg, †hgb, cÖvwZôvwbK mÿgZv e„w×, wkÿvi
gv‡bvbœqb Ges avievwnK ms¯‥vi cÖwµqv Z…Zxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq Ae¨vnZ ivLv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e
G‡ÿ‡Î, we`¨vjq ch©v‡q †kªwYK‡ÿ wkLbdj AR©b I cÖv_wgK wkÿvPµ mgvcbxi nvi e„w×i Ici †ewk ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP-3 Gi cwimi, jÿ¨ Ges D‡Ïk¨ :

cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP-3 Gi cwimi n‡”Q c~Y©v½ cÖv_wgK wkÿvLvZ Ges ch©vqµ‡g 1 eQ‡ii cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †kÖwY
AšÍfy³
© KiY| Z…Zxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi jÿ¨ n‡”Q ÕmKj wkï‡K gvb m¤§Z cÖv_wgK wkÿvÕ cÖ`vb|
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kg©m~wP-3 Gi mvwe©K D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q, ÔmK‡ji Rb¨ mgZvwfwËK GKwU `ÿ cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯ v M‡o
†Zvjv, †hLv‡b wkïevÜe cwi‡e‡k Kvh©Ki wkLb †kLv‡bv cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †_‡K 5g †kªwY ch©šÍ
evsjv‡`‡ki mKj wkïi wkLb m¤úbœ n‡e|Õ
120
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP-3 Gi g~j •ewkó¨ :
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP-3 G 5 eQi †gqvw` GKwU †m±iwfwËK Kg©m~wP| GB Kg©m~wPi g~j •ewkó¨¸‡jv n‡jv :
 †m±i IqvBW G‡cÖvP
 djvdjwfwËK eë¯nvcbv g‡Wj
 miKv‡ii Avw_©K bxwZgvjv, eë¯nvcbv I cwiexÿY c×wZ AbymiY
 †UªRvwi g‡Wj
 †h․_ A_©vqb Pzw³
 cvidi‡gÝwfwËK A_©vqb
 we‡K›`ªxKiY
 miKvwi †emiKvwi Askx`vwiZ¡
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP-3 G 9wU Dbœqb mn‡hvMx ms¯ v WB, ADB, DFID, CIDA, SIDA, AUSAID, JICA,
EU, Ges Ges Unicef A_©vqb K‡i‡Q| AZx‡Z cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii c‡ÿ Dbœqb mn‡hvMxi Avw_©K mnvqZvq
ev¯ÍevwqZ cÖK‡íi mgš^q Kiv KwVb wQj| KviY wfbœ wfbœ cÖK‡íi D‡Ïk¨, G‡cÖvP, eë¯nvcbv, wi‡cvwU©s c×wZ wfbœ
wfbœ wQj| Z…Zxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP‡Z evB‡ii mnqZvq GKwU mvaviY bxwZgvjv I Kg©m~wP KvVv‡gvi Aaxb
Sectorwide Approach (SWAp) AbymiY K‡i ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡”Q| Dbœqb mn‡hvMxiv miKv‡ii ms‡M GK‡Î KvR Kivi
Rb¨ SWApGKwU ¯^xK…Z Kvh©Kix Dcvq| SWApGi g~jbxwZ wb‡¤œ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :
 gvwjKvbv‡eva I †bZ…Z¡ (Ownership & Leadership) : G Lv‡Zi mKj A_©vqb GKwU GKK bxwZgvjv I
e¨q Kg©m~wPi Aaxb|
 mgš^qmvab (Harmonization) : mKj Dbœqb mn‡hvwMMY G Lv‡Z GKwU mvaviY G‡cÖvP MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|
Dbœqb mn‡hvMx‡ì jÿ¨ n‡jv eë¯nvcbv, cwiKíbv, GKvDw›Us Ges wi‡cvwU©s wm‡÷‡gi mv‡_ mgš^qmva‡bi
gva¨‡g miKv‡ii †jb‡`b e¨q Kgv‡bv|
 GK KvZv‡i mvwie× nIqv (Alignment) : me ai‡bi evwn¨K Dbœqb mn‡hvwMZv miKv‡ii wbqg bxwZi
Av‡jv‡K AMÖMwZ msMwVZ n‡e †hgbÑ Znwej QvoKiY I wnmve msiÿY c×wZ|
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP-3 Gi †UªRvwi g‡Wj

cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP-3 Gi ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î †UªRvwi g‡Wj AbymiY Kiv nq A_v©r miKv‡ii wbqwgZ Avw_©K
eë¯nvcbv c×wZ Ges wbqg-bxwZ AbymiY K‡i GB Kg©m~wPi hveZxq LiPvwì wej fvDPvi †UªRvwi‡Z Rgv w`‡q
Zvici A_© D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z nq hv †UªRvwi g‡Wj bv‡g cwiwPZ|
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP-3 Gi K‡¤úv‡b›U I djvdj †ÿÎ :

cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP-3 Gi mvwe©K Kg©KvÐ‡K 4wU K‡¤úv‡b›U Ges 6wU djvdj †ÿÎ‡Z web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q|
6wU djvdj †ÿÎ AR©b Kivi Rb¨ 29wU mve-Kg‡cv‡b›U i‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU mve K‡¤úv‡b‡›U ewY©Z welqmg~n avivevwnK
Kvh©µg MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g 5 eQ‡i m¤úbœ Kivi mgqve× Kg©cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZ eQi Annual
Oparetional Plan (AOP) cÖ¯Z ‧ I Abymi‡Yi gva¨‡g djvdjmg~n AR©b Kiv n‡”Q hv evsjv‡`‡ki mKj cÖv_wgK
121
we`¨vj‡q my`~i cÖmvwi BwZevPK cÖfve †dj‡e| 4wU K‡¤úv‡b›U, 6wU †iRv›U Gwiqv-Gi Aaxb 29 wU mve-K‡¤úv‡b›U-Gi
m¤úK© wb‡¤œ Dc¯ vcb Kiv n‡jv :
K‡¤úv‡b›U 1: K‡¤úv‡b›U 2: K‡¤úv‡b›U 3: K‡¤úv‡b›U 4:
cwiKíbv I
wkLb I †kLv‡bv AskMÖnYGes AmgZv we‡K›`ªxKiY Ges Kvh©KvwiZv eë¯ vcbv
1 djvdj †ÿÎ 2.1 djvdj 2.2 djvdj 3.1 djvdj †ÿÎ 3.2 djvdj 4: djvdj †ÿÎ
†ÿÎ AskMÖ n Y †ÿÎ AmgZv †ÿÎ Kvh© K vwiZv Kg©m~wP cwiKíbv
wkLbdj we‡K›`ªxKiY
I eë¯ vcbv
1.1 wkL†e cÖwZwU 2.1.1 weKí Ges 2.2.1 Dce„wË 3.1.1 gvV ch©v‡q 3.2.1 cÖv_wgK 4.1 Z…Zxq cÖv_wgK
wkï wØZxq my‡hvM Awdm wkÿv mgvcbx wkÿv Dbœqb
(DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv) kw³kvjxKiY cixÿv Kg© m ~wPi mykvmb I
†Rvi`viKiY e¨ve¯nvcbv
1.2 we`¨vjq I 2.1.2 cÖvK-cÖv_wgK 2.2.2 3.1.2 3.2.2 wkÿK 4.2 Z…Zxq cÖv_wgK
†kÖwYKÿwfwËK wkÿv we`¨vj‡q Lv`¨ I we`¨vjq eë¯  v cbv wb‡qvM, cÖ‡gvkb wkÿv Dbœqb
g~j¨vqb we`¨vj‡q ¯^v¯ ¨ I KZ… © Z ¡ Ges we¯ÍiY Kg©m~wPi Avw_©K
Kvh©µg we‡K›`ªxKiY I eë¯ vcbv
mykvmb
1.3 wkÿvµg 2.1.3 GKxf‚Z 2.2.3 Pvwn`v 3.1.3 we`¨vjq 3.2.3 evwl©K 4.3 Avw_©K LvZ
Dbœqb wkÿv wfwËK we`¨vj‡qi ch©v‡q †bZ…‡Z¡i cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq
cwi‡ek Dbœqb cÖmvi Rwic
1.4 cvV¨cy¯ÍK 2.1.4 Riæwi 2.2.4 Pvwn`vwfwËK 3.1.4 mvsMVwbK 3.2.4 RvZxq 4.4 cwiexÿY
weZiY Ae¯ vKvjxb ev †f․Z AeKvVv‡gv ch©v‡jvPbv Ges wkÿv_©x g~j¨vqb Kvh©µg
Avc`Kvjxb wkÿv Dbœqb mÿgZv e„w× †Rvi`viKiY
1.5 Z_¨ cÖhyw³ 2.1.5 †hvMv‡hvM I 4.5 gvbe m¤ú`
wkÿv mvgvwRK DØy×KiY Dbœqb
1.6 wkÿK 4.6 miKvwi I
cÖwkÿY I Dbœqb †emiKvwi ms¯ vi
g‡a¨ Askx`vwiZ¡
(Z_¨m~Î : wcwUAvB BÝUªv±iM‡Yi †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœqb welqK cÖwkÿY Z_¨cy¯ÍK, Z…Zxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP-2016)
cÖkœgvjv : 6
K. mswÿß cÖkœ
1. me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
2. †Kb evsjv‡`‡k me©Rbxb cÖv_gwK wkÿv cÖeZ©b Kiv nq?
3. cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
4. cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP †Kvb cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv mgqKv‡j MÖnY Kiv n‡qwQj?
5. PEDP-Gi c~Y©½ iƒc Kx?
6. PEDP-Gi AvIZvq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœq‡b we‡`wk †Kvb †Kvb †`k I ms¯ v AskMÖnY K‡iwQj?
7. PEDP-2-Gi K‡¤úv‡b›Umg~n Kx Kx?
8. PEDP-3-Gi AvIZvq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœq‡b we‡`wk †Kvb †Kvb †`k I ms¯ v AskMnY K‡iwQj?
9. PEDP-3-Gi we‡kl •ewkó¨mg~n Kx Kx?
10. †UªRvwi g‡Wj ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
122
L. iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1. PEDP-Gi D‡Ïk¨mg~n eY©bv Kiæb|
2. AvBwWG mvnvh¨cyó me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb cÖKí Ges me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv (RvZxq) cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g
M„nxZ Dbœqb Kvh©µg eY©bv Kiæb|
3. me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb cÖKí (wØZxq ch©vq)-Gi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨mg~n eY©bv Kiæb |
4. †bvivW cÖK‡íi cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb msµvšÍ D‡Ïk¨ I M„nxZ Kvh©µgmg~n eY©bv Kiæb |
5. AvBwWqvj cÖK‡íi cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb msµvšÍ D‡Ïk¨ I M„nxZ Kvh©µgmg~n eY©bv Kiæb |
6. Gw÷g cÖKí KZ©„K evsjv‡`‡k cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœq‡b D‡jø‡hvM¨ f‚wgKv Kx wQj? Gw÷g cÖKí KZ©„K M„nxZ
Kvh©µgmg~n eY©bv Kiæb |
7. PEDP-2-Gi D‡Ïk¨mg~n eY©bv Kiæb | PEDP-2-Gi mgqKv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯ vq Kx Kx
Dbœqb mvwaZ nq?
8. PEDP-3-Gi D‡Ïk¨mg~n eY©bv Kiæb|
9. PEDP-3-Gi K‡¤úv‡b›U, djvdj †ÿÎ Ges mve K‡¤úv‡b›Umg~‡ni g‡a¨ m¤úK© Q‡Ki gva¨‡g eY©bv Kiæb |
Z_¨m~Î :
1. AvBwWqvj cÖKí cwiwPwZ cyw¯ÍKv, AvBwWqvj cÖKí, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, XvKv, evsjv‡`k, 2001|
2. Avmv`y¾vgvb, †Lv›`Kvi †gvt I Ab¨vb¨ (2006), wcBwWwc 2-wØZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP msev`
mvgwqKx, el© 1, msL¨v 1, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, GwcÖj 2006|
3. AvjgMxi, †gvt, I Ab¨vb¨ (2016), wcwUAvB BÝUªv±iM‡Yi †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœqb welqK cÖwkÿY Z_¨cy¯ÍK,
Z…Zxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, XvKv, evsjv‡`k|
4. nvmvb, wRqvDj I Ab¨vb¨, (2009) mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Kg©KZ©‡ì cÖwkÿY mnvqK cyw¯ÍKv, wØZxq
cÖv_wgK wkÿ Dbœqb Kg©m~wP (wcBwWwc 2), cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, XvKv, 2009|
5. Annual Review 2000, Overview of Projects Supporting Primary Education Development
Program, May 2000.
6. Bangladesh Third Primary Education Development Program, Mid Term Review 2013-2014,
Final Report, July 2015.
7. Main Document, Third Primary Education Development Programme, Directorate of Primary
Education, Ministry of Primary and Mass Education, June 2011.
8. Primary Education Bangladesh, Directorate of Primary Education, Primary and Mass
Education Division, July 1998.
9. Project Implementation Plan, Primary Education Development Project, Government of
Bangladesh, May 21,1998.
10. Project Proforma, Development of Primary Education Through Intensive District Approach
(IDEAL), (2nd Revised), Directorate of Primary Education, 2004.
11. Second Primary Education Development Program, Program Completion Report, December
2011.
123
BDwbU 7 : cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii Kg©KZ©v I wkÿK cÖwkÿY
iv‡óªi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© I †g․wjK Dcv`vb n‡”Q †`‡ki RbmsL¨v ev Rbmgwô| G Rb‡Mvwô‡K Rbm¤ú‡` cwiYZ Ki‡Z
n‡j wkÿvi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| G weivU Rb‡Mvwôi cÖv_wgK Z_v †g․wjK wkÿvi ¸iæ `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Q cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii
wkÿK, cÖwkÿK, mswkøó Kg©KZ©vMY| cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó e¨w³e‡M©i †ckvMZ `ÿZv e„w×i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb DbœZ
cÖwkÿY| Avgv‡ì †`‡ki wkÿv eë¯ vi AvaywbKxKi‡Yi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q wewfbœ ai‡bi †`wk I we‡`wk cÖwkÿY| Gi g‡a¨
i‡q‡Q wKQz `xN© I ¯^í †gqvw` cÖwkÿY| G BDwb‡U †h mKj cÖwkÿY welq I eë¯ vcbv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv
wb‡¤œ D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv :
7.1 : mvwU©wd‡KU Bb GWy‡Kkb (wm.Bb.GW)

7.2 : wW‡cøvgv Bb cÖvBgvwi GWz‡Kkb (wWwcGW)
7.3 : Continuous Professional Development Training.
 mve-K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿY
 Pvwn`v wfwËK mve-K¬v÷vi
 welqwfwËK cÖwkÿY
 cÖavb wkÿK‡ì Rb¨ wjWviwkc cÖwkÿY t
7.4 : NAPE-G Kg©KZ©v‡ì cÖwkÿY
7.1 : mvwU©wd‡KU Bb GWy‡Kkb (wm.Bb.GW)

wcwUAvB‡Z AbywôZ GK eQi‡gqvw` mvwU©wd‡KU-Bb-GWz‡Kkb ( wm.Bb.GW) †Kvm©wU g~jZt PvKwiiZ cÖwkÿY wenxb
miKvwi I †emiKvwi wkÿK-wkwÿKv‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv e„w×i Rb¨ cÖavb Kvh©µg| mdjZvi mv‡_ G cÖwkÿY †Kvm©
†kl Ki‡Z cvi‡j wkÿv_©x wkÿK evsjv‡`k wm-Bb-GW †evW© †_‡K mvwU©wd‡KU cvb| mv‡_ mv‡_ D”PZi †eZb †¯‥j
†c‡q _v‡Kb| wbqwgZ G cÖwkÿY †Kvm©wUi cvkvcvwk wcwUAvB‡Z wewfbœ ¯^í‡gqvw` cÖwkÿY †Kvm©I cwiPvwjZ n‡q
_v‡K|
wewfbœ cÖwkÿY †Kv‡m©i wewfbœ D‡Ïk¨ _vK‡jI mvaviYfv‡e wm-Bb-GW cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ wb¤œiƒc :
K. cÖwkÿYv_©x wkÿK‡ì evsjv‡`‡ki wkÿvbxwZ I cÖv_wgK wkÿvi BwZnvm m¤ú‡K© Ávb jv‡f mnvqZv Kiv|
L. cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg, wewfbœ wkÿv`vb c×wZ I g~j¨vq‡bi aviYv m¤ú‡K© Ávb jv‡f mnvqZv Kiv|
M. cÖwkÿYv_©x wkÿK‡ì wkï g‡bvweÁvb I wkÿv g‡bvweÁv‡bi Ávb `v‡bi gva¨‡g wkï wkÿvi cÖv‡qvwMK Ávb
AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv|
N. cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡gi AšÍf³ ~© welq mg~‡ni ZvwË¡K cvV`v‡bi beZi Kjv‡K․kj m¤ú‡K© ev¯Íe Ávb jv‡f
mnvqZv Kiv|
O. eënvwiK Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g cÖwkÿYv_©x wkÿK‡ì wk‡ÿvcKiY ‣Zwi, eënvi I msiÿ‡Yi `ÿZv AR©‡b mnvqZv
Kiv|
P. cÖwkÿY PjvKvjxb mg‡q cÖwkÿYv_©x wkÿK‡ì Abykxjbx cvV`v‡bi gva¨‡g wkï‡ì Dc‡hvMx cvV`vb
Kjv‡K․kj AvqËKi‡Y mnvqZv Kiv|
Q. wcwUAvB‡Z mn-wkÿvµwgK Kvh©µg Av‡qvR‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwkÿYv_©x wkÿK‡ì mgqvbyewZ©Zv, m`vPviY
kvjxbZv, Kg©wbôv BZ¨vw` ¸Yvewj weKv‡k mnvqZv Kiv Ges `„wófw½i cwieZ©b Avbqb Kiv|
R. cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbv Ges mvgvwRK m¤úK© Dbœq‡bi Kjv‡K․kj m¤ú‡K© Ávb jv‡f mnvqZv Kiv|
S. PvKzwiKvjxb mÄxebx cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g Kg©iZ wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv e„w× Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiv|
T. G¨vKkb wimvP© cwiPvjbvi gva¨‡g cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸YMZ gvb Dbœq‡b beZi Kjv-†K․kj D™¢veb Kiv|
124
wm.Bb.GW cÖwkÿY †Kvm©wU mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ cwiewZ©Z n‡q cwigvwR©Z n‡q‡Q Gi wkÿvµg| †`‡k cÖv_wgK wkÿv¯Í‡i
†hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkÿvµg Pvjy nq 1992 mv‡j| †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkÿvµ‡gi Av‡jv‡K wkÿK cÖwkÿY wkÿvµ‡gi cwieZ©b
Avbv nq| cwigvwR©Z wm.B.GW wkÿvµ‡gi AvIZvq evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ mgvR, cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ
weÁvb, ag©, kvixwiK wkÿv, Pviæ I KviæKjv, wkÿvbxwZ, cÖv_wgK wkÿv I AvaywbK wPšÍvaviv Ges wkï g‡bvweÁvb, wkLb
c×wZ I g~j¨vqb G 11wU welqmn Abykxjbx cvV`vb I Avbylw½K Kvh©vewj wb‡q (ZvwË¡K-690, eënvwiK 510) †gvU
1200 bg¦‡ii wkÿvµg Pvjy Kiv nq| B‡Zvg‡a¨ cÖvq `k eQi mgq MZ n‡q‡Q| G mg‡qi g‡a¨ ivóªxq A_©‣bwZK,
mvgvwRK I ivR‣bwZK †cÖÿvc‡Ui D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwieZ©b m~wPZ n‡q‡Q| Pjgvb we‡k¦ Ávb-weÁv‡biI AMÖMwZ mvwaZ
n‡q‡Q e¨vcK cwigv‡Y| G cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z hyM I Rxe‡bi Pvwn`vi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ †i‡L cwigvwR©Z wkÿvµg 2002 mv‡j
cybivq cwigvR©b Kiv nq|
cwigvwR©Z wm.Bb.GW wkÿvµ‡gi cÖavb cÖavb •ewkó¨ D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv :
1. G wkÿvµ‡g wkÿv m¤úwK©Z evsjv‡`‡ki mvsweavwbK bxwZgvjv, wkï AwaKvi mb`, mK‡ji Rb¨
wkÿv,evsjv‡`kmn K‡qKwU †`‡ki wkÿv eë¯ v, †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkÿvµ‡gi wewfbœ w`K, wkï g‡bvweÁvb
m¤úwK©Z Ávb, welqwfwËK wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj, †kÖwY eë¯ vcbv I cvV`vb †K․kj, cÖv_wgK wkÿvq
mvgvwRK m¤ú„³Zv, wkÿv_©x‡ì gvbweK, mvgvwRK, •bwZK, ag©xq I mvs¯‥…wZK ¸Yvejx AR©b, m‡e©vcwi
gvbweK kvLvi wewfbœ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`Kmn me©‡gvU 22wU D‡Ïk¨ wba©vwiZ n‡q‡Q|
2. 22wU D‡Ïk¨ ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ 47wU wkLbdj wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
3. G wkÿvµg‡K 4wU gWy¨‡j fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|
K) cÖv_wgK wkÿvi bxwZ I aviYv;
L) cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q wkLb-†kLv‡bv †K․kj;
M) Abykxjb;
N) mnwkÿvµwgK Kvh©vewj|
wm.Bb.GW wkÿvµg KvVv‡gv

µwgK gWy¨j welq ZvwË¡K eënvwiK †gvU
bs
1 K) cÖv_wgK wkÿvi 1. cÖv_wgK wkÿv cwiwPwZ 50 × 50
bxwZ I aviYv 2. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸iæZ¡ I wewfbœ 50 × 50
†`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯ v
3. evsjv‡`‡ki wkÿv eë¯ vt bxwZ, 50 × 50
msMVb †K․kj
4. wkï g‡bvweÁvb 40 10 50
5. wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ 50 × 50
6. wkLb I e¨w³Z¡ weKv‡ki g~j¨vqb 50 × 50
2 L) cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q 1. evsjv 80 20 100
wkLb-†kLv‡bv 2. Bs‡iwR 80 20 100
†K․kj 3. MwYZ 80 20 100
4. cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ mgvR 80 20 100
mgvRweÁvb -55
RbmsL¨v wkÿv-25
125
5. cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ weÁvb 80 20 100
mvaviY weÁvb -40
K…wlweÁvb -20
¯^v¯ ¨ I cywó -20
6. Pviæ I Kviæ Kjv × 15 15
7. msMxZ × 15 15
8. ag© 50 × 50
9. kvixwiK wkÿv 20 × 20
3 M) Abykxjb cvV`vb-100 × 200 200
cvV cwiKíbv-25
DcKiY-25
ms‡hvM `ÿZv-25
ewntg~j¨vqb (†g․wLK cixÿv)-25
4 N) mnwkÿvµwgK mvgvwRK I mvs¯‥…wZK Kvh©vewj-15 × 100 100
Kvh©vewj mvgvwRK I RbKj¨vYg~jK KvR-10
mvwnZ¨ welqK Kvh©vewj-10
†id‡iÝ eB cvV I ch©v‡jvPbv-20
kixiP”P©v-25
AvPiY-20
me©‡gvU 760 440 1200
4. G wkÿvµ‡g †gvU 15wU wel‡q ZvwË¡K As‡k 760 I eënvwiK As‡k 440 mn †gvU 1200 b¤^‡ii wewfbœ
Kvh©µg ivLv n‡q‡Q|
ev¯Íevqb cÖwµqv
5.1) ZvwË¡K
K) wm.B,GW †Kv‡m©i g~j¨vqb nq Af¨šÍixY (wcwUAvB) 50% I ewnt (†evW©) 50%|
L) `ywU Af¨šÍixY cixÿvq cÖvß b¤^‡ii Mo Af¨šÍixY g~j¨vqb wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e| D³ `ywU cixÿvq
h_vµ‡g wkÿve‡l©i GK Z…Zxqvsk I `yB Z…Zxqvsk gv‡mi †kl mßv‡n AbywôZ nq|
M) msMxZ Ges Pviæ I KviæKjv wkÿvi ïay Af¨šÍixY g~j¨vqb nq|
N) cÖ‡Z¨K ZvwË¡K wel‡q Af¨šÍixY g~j¨vqb K‡ib welq BÝUªv±i| Z‡e mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U 5% DËicÎ hvPvB
K‡i †`‡Lb|
O) Af¨šÍixY I ewnt Dfq g~j¨vq‡b cÖ‡Z¨K cÖwkÿYv_©x‡K c„_Kfv‡e cvm Ki‡Z nq|
P) AbwaK 2wU wel‡q ewntg~j¨vq‡b AK…ZKvh© cÖwkÿYv_©xi c‡ii eQi AbywôZe¨ cixÿvq GB `ywU wel‡q
AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM _v‡K| G my‡hvM GKRb cÖwkÿv_©x †KejgvÎ GKeviB cvb|
Q) `yB Gi AwaK wel‡q AK…ZKvh© cÖwkÿYv_©xi cieZ©x 1 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ me©vwaK 1 evi me wel‡q cixÿvq
AskMÖnY K‡i K…ZKvh© n‡q wm.Bb.GW mvwU©wd‡KU jv‡fi my‡hvM cvq|
R) c~Y© c‡Îi (evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ mgvR, cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ weÁvb) Rb¨ cixÿvi mgq
n‡e 3 NÈv Ges Aa©c‡Îi (cÖv_wgK wkÿv cwiwPwZ, cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸iæZ¡ I wewfbœ †`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿv
eë¯ v, evsjv‡`‡ki wkÿv eë¯ v bxwZ, msMVb †K․kj, wkï g‡bvweÁvb, wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ, wkLb I
e¨w³Z¡ weKv‡ki g~j¨vqb I ag©) Rb¨ cixÿvi mgq 2 NÈv|
S) kvixwiK wkÿvi cixÿvi Rb¨ mgq 1 NÈv|
T) Af¨šÍixY I ewnt cixÿvi Rb¨ welq g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ 60% iPbvg~jK, 20% mswÿß DËicÖkœ Ges 20%
•be©¨w³K (eû-wbe©vPbx, k~b¨¯ vb c~iY, wgjKiY BZ¨vw`)|
126
U) c~Y©c‡Îi cÖkc
œ ‡Îi b¤î eÈb :
µwgK cÖ‡kœi aib cÖ‡kœi msL¨v gvbeÈb †gvU b¤î

1 iPbvg~jK 4(7wUi g‡a¨) 6 ×4 24
2 mswÿß BËi 4(7wUi g‡a¨) 2 ×4 8
3 •be©¨w³K 16 wU 1/2 ×16 8
†gvU b¤î 40
* Aa©c‡Îi Rb¨ DwjøwLZ b¤î wefvR‡bi 50% cÖ‡hvR¨|

V) •be©¨w³K As‡k eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ _v‡K 4wU, k~b¨¯ vb I wgjKiY cÖkœ _v‡K 6 wU K‡i|
2) eënvwiK :
K) wkÿve‡l©i ïiæi GK gv‡mi g‡a¨ welqwfwËK eënvwiK Kv‡Ri GKwU ZvwjKv mswkøó cÖwZôv‡bi
mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U Gi wbKU `vwLj Ki‡Z nq|
L) mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U KZ…©K Aby‡gvw`Z ZvwjKv Abyhvqx welq BÝUªv±i eënvwiK KvR Kivb|
M) mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U eënvwiK Kv‡Ri Z`viK K‡ib|
N) cÖwZ wel‡q (evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ mgvR,cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ weÁvb) 3 wU eënvwiK KvR
_v‡K| Z‡e wkï g‡bvweÁv‡b eënvwiK KvR 2wU| me©‡gvU 17wU eënvwiK KvR _v‡K|
-cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ weÁv‡bi 3wU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ K…wlweÁv‡bi Rb¨ K…wl Drcv`b welqK GKwU KvR
eva¨Zvg~jK|
-cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ mgv‡Ri Rb¨ 3wU eënvwiK Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ 1wU RbmsL¨v wkÿv Ask †_‡K eva¨Zvg~jK|
eënvwiK Kv‡Ri 50% Af¨šÍixY 50% ewnt g~j¨vqb nq| Dfq g~j¨vq‡b cÖwkÿYv_©x‡K c„_Kfv‡e cvm
Ki‡Z nq|
mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U, mn-mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U I welq BÝUªv±i †h․_fv‡e Af¨šÍixY g~j¨vqb K‡ib|
-Pviæ Kviæ wel‡q g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ wm.Bb.GW cvV¨cy¯ÍK Aej¤^‡b 1 c„ôvi Wªwqs LvZvq cvZv, dzj, dj,
mewR, cÖvwY, •ZRmcÎ Ges wewfbœ `„k¨ msewjZ 20wU Qwe A¼b Ki‡Z nq|
-evuk, †eZ, cvVKvwVi KvR BZ¨vw` msewjZ †h †Kv‡bv GKwU eënvwiK KvRI Pviy Kviæ wel‡q Ki‡Z nq|
(Z_¨m~Î : evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿv : bxwZ, †K․kj I msMVb(2002) Ges wm-Bb-GW wkÿvµg, RvZxq cÖv_wgK
wkÿv GKv‡Wwg|)
7.2 : wW‡cøvgv Bb cÖvBgvwi GWz‡Kkb (wWwcGW)

wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i cUf~wg
cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b `ÿ K‡i M‡o †Zvjvi j‡ÿ¨ Zvu‡ì GKv‡WwgK wkÿv I †ckvMZ
cÖwkÿ‡Yi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| evsjv‡`‡k cÂv‡ki `kK †_‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿK‡ì cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ cÖvBgvwi wUPvm© †Uªwbs
Bbw÷wUDU (ms‡ÿ‡c wcwUAvB) ch©vqµ‡g cÖwZwôZ nq Ges wcwUAvB‡Z wkÿK‡ì Rb¨ 1 eQi †gqvw` †Kvm© Pvjy Kiv
nq| GB †Kvm©wU mvwU©wd‡KU Bb GWz‡Kkb e‡j cwiwPZ| GK eQi †gqvw` mvwU©wd‡KU Bb GWz‡Kkb (wm.Bb.GW.)
†Kvm©wU cwieZ©b K‡i 18 gvm †gqvw` wW‡cøvgv Bb cÖvBgvwi GWz‡Kkb (wWwcGW) cÖe©Zb Kiv n‡q‡Q| 2012 mvj †_‡K
7wU wcwUAvB‡Z cixÿvg~jK G †Kvm© Pvjy K‡i eZ©gv‡b 67wU wcwUAvB‡Z Pvjy Kiv n‡q‡Q|
127
wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i •ewkó¨
 wWwcGW †Kv‡m© fwZ©i Rb¨ cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi wkÿK‡ì Rb¨ me©wb¤œ wkÿvMZ †hvM¨ZvÑ
D”Pgva¨wgK|
 wW‡cøvgv mvwU©wd‡KU cÖ`vbKvix KZ©…cÿ-wkÿv I M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq|
 †Kvm©wUi †gqv` : 18 gvm|
 2015 wkÿvel© †_‡K RyjvB‡qi cwie‡Z© Rvbyqvwi gvm n‡Z †Kvm©wUi wkÿvel© ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 †Kvm©wUi †µwWU NÈv : 96| Gi g‡a¨ wcwUAvB‡Z 47.5 Ges we`¨vj‡q 48.5 †µwWU NÈv|
 GB †Kv‡m© wcwUAvB‡Z 20 mßvn ZvwË¡K wkÿv`vb Ges cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q 16 mßvn Abykxjb Kvh©µ‡gi eë¯ v
ivLv i‡q‡Q|
 18 gv‡mi †kl 16 mßvn wbR we`¨vj‡q cvV`vb Abykxjb Ges P~ovšÍ g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ 2 mßvn wcwUAvB‡Z
Ae¯ v‡bi eë¯ v ivLv n‡q‡Q|
 g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ wkÿKgvb g~j¨vqbmn MvVwbK I mvgwóK (wjwLZ cixÿv) g~j¨vq‡bi eë¯ v ivLv n‡q‡Q|
 wWwcGW †Kvm©wU cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖwZwU wcwUAvB‡Z 16 Rb Bb÷ªv±i Ges 4-6wU †kÖwYK‡ÿi eë¯ vi K_v
ejv n‡q‡Q|
 GB †Kvm©wU m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c AvevwmK|
 †Kvm©wU‡Z Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i Ici h_vh_ ¸iæZ¡ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| †m Rb¨ cÖwZwU wcwUAvB‡Z GKwU K‡i
Kw¤úDUvi j¨ve i‡q‡Q, GQvov Bb÷ªv±i ICTmn, mnKvix Kw¤úDUvi Acv‡iUi‡K wb‡qvM`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wWwcGW wkÿvµg
wfkb
Avb›`gq I wkïevÜe cwi‡e‡k wkï‡ì eqm I mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx kvixwiK, gvbwmK, Av‡ewMK, mvgvwRK, bv›`wbK,
eyw×e„Ëxq I fvlve„Ëxq Z_v mvwe©K weKvk mva‡bi Dc‡hvMx wkÿv`v‡b mÿg, AvaywbK gvbwmKZv Ges †ckvMZ
`ÿZvm¤úbœ wkÿK •Zwi|
wWwcGW Kg©m~wPi jÿ¨

wWwcGW Kg©m~wPi jÿ¨ n‡jv cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿ‡Ki †ckvMZ Ávb I Dcjwä, †ckvMZ Abykxjb Ges †ckvMZ
g~j¨‡eva I m¤úK© ¯ vc‡bi †ÿ‡Î wewfbœ †hvM¨Zvi weKvk mvab Kiv|
wWwcGW Kg©m~wPi D‡Ïk¨

K) †ckvMZ Ávb I Dcjwä
 cÖvK-cÖv_wgK Ges cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q wkÿvµ‡gi mvgwMÖK w`K m¤ú‡K© cwiKíbv, wkLb KvR cwiPvjbv Ges
g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq welqÁvb AR©b Kiv|
 cÖvK-cÖv_wgK Ges cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q wkÿvµ‡gi mvgwMÖKfv‡e wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiKíbv, wkÿY KvR
cwiPvjbv Ges g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ cwic~Y©fv‡e cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb AR©b Kiv|
 cÖvK-cÖv_wgK Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡gi AeKvVv‡gv, welq, †hvM¨Zv Ges g~j¨vqb †K․kj m¤ú‡K© h_vh_
Dcjwä I cÖ‡qvM Kivi h_vh_ Ávb jvf Kiv|
 wkkyi weKvk Ges wkLb Z‡Ë¡i Kvh©Ki Ges GKxf~Z wkLbPP©v Ges cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb AR©b I
Dcjwä Kiv|
 we`¨vjq Ges PvKzwi msµvšÍ mKj wbqgwewa Ges bxwZ •bwZKZv m¤ú‡K© ch©vß aviYv jvf Kiv|
128
L) †ckvMZ Abykxjb
 mKj wkÿv_©xi wkLb Pvwn`v Abymv‡i wewfbœ c×wZ I †K․kj eënvi K‡i wkÿv_©x‡Kw›`ªK cvVcwiKíbv cÖYqb
Kiv, wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv Ges mnvqZv `v‡bi mÿgZv cÖ`k©b Kiv|
 mKj wkky wkÿv_©x m¤ú‡K© D”Pvkv †cvlY Ges Kg©‡ÿ‡Î Zv cÖ`k©b Kiv|
 wkÿv_©x, mnKg©x I wkÿv_©x‡ì AwffveKmn mswkøó mK‡ji mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM iÿvi mÿgZv AR©b Kiv|
 mKj wkky wkÿv_©x mn‡RB eyS‡Z cv‡i Ggbfv‡e wkL‡bi welq Dc¯ vcb Kivi †K․kj AR©b Kiv|
 mwVK †kÖwYwfwËK eë¯ vcbv Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi wkLb mnvqK KvR cwiPvjbvi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x‡ì wkL‡bi
AMÖMwZ mva‡bi mÿgZv AR©b Kiv|
 mwVKfv‡e cÖkœ Kiv Ges wkÿv_©xiv †hb cÖkœ K‡i †mfv‡e Zuv‡ì DrmvwnZ Kivi `ÿZv cÖ`k©b Kiv|
 GKwU wbivc`, m„wókxj, cÖ‡Yv`bvg~jK Ges GKxf~Z wkLb cwi‡ek m„wói mÿgZv cÖ`k©b Kiv|
 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i eënvimn cÖvmw½K Ges Kvh©Ki wkLb mvgMÖx wbe©vPb, •Zwi Ges eënvi Kivi
mÿgZv AR©b Kiv|
 wkï wkÿv_©xi wkL‡b mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ges hvPvB I GKxf~Z wkÿv‡K Drmvn `v‡bi j‡ÿ¨ gwbUwis Kiv I wewfbœ
g~j¨vqb †K․kj, cwiKíbv I eënvi Kivi `ÿZv AR©b Kiv|
M) †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva I m¤úK© ¯’vcb
 mKj wkï wkÿv_©xi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ mgZv weavb, GKxf~ZKiY Ges mgfv‡e wePv‡ii A½xKvi cÖ`k©b Kiv|
 avivevwnK †ckvMZ Dbœqb Ges AbywPšÍbg~jK wkÿY PP©vi cÖwZ A½xKvi cÖ`k©b Kiv|
 we`¨vj‡qi mv‡_ RwoZ gvZv-wcZv, ¯ vbxq RbMY I eë¯ vcbv KwgwUi m`m¨‡ì mv‡_ Kvh©Kifv‡e m¤úK©
¯ vcb Ges KvR Kivi mÿgZv I A½xKvi cÖ`k©b Kiv|
 mnKg©x‡ì mv‡_ †ckvMZ mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`v‡bi cÖwZ A½xKvi cÖ`k©b Kiv|
wWwcGW †Kv‡mi© wkÿvµg I welqvewj

 mv¤úªwZKKv‡j DbœZ we‡k¦ wkÿK wkÿvi `vk©wbK wfwË (MVbev` ZË¡) AbymiY K‡i G †Kvm©wUi wfwË iwPZ
n‡q‡Q| †m Abymv‡i †Kvm©wUi wkÿvµg, †cÖvMÖvg KvVv‡gv Ges g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î MVbev`ZË¡ Abym„Z n‡q‡Q|
 †Kvm©wUi we`¨vjq msµvšÍ welq¸‡jv‡Z A_©vr evsjv, MwYZ, Bs‡iwR, cÖv_wgK weÁvb Ges evsjv‡`k I
wek¦cwiPq wel‡q welqÁvb I wkÿY weÁvb G `ywU Ask mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q|
 †ckvMZ wkÿv As‡k cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg, wkLb †kLv‡bv †K․kj m¤úwK©Z ZË¡mn wkÿv_©x‡ì
wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡Ri bgybv cvV-cwiKíbv, g~j¨vqb, †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva I ag©xq wkÿv Ges ICT AšÍfy³
© Kiv
n‡q‡Q| GQvovI wkkyi weKvk I GKxf‚Z wkÿv m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨ mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q|
 kvixwiK wkÿv, Pviæ I KviæKjv Ges msMxZ welq¸‡jv‡K GKwÎZ K‡i G·‡cÖwmf AvU© bv‡g GKwU wfbœ welq
†hvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|
129
wWwcGW Kg©m~wP KvVv‡gv
wWwcGW Kg©m~wP KvVv‡gvi g~j •ewkó¨ n‡jv mv¤úªwZK wkÿv m¤úwK©Z a¨vb-aviYvi Av‡jv‡K cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q wkï‡ì
wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv Kiv|
Gi we‡klZ¡ n‡jvÑ
1) †kÖwY Kvh©µg
wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR Kivi †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`vwfwËK wfbœ wfbœ I GKvwaK †K․kj eënv‡ii gva¨‡g mKj wkïi wkLb wbwðZ
Kiv|
wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R MVbev‡ì cÖ‡qvM K‡i wkÿv_©x‡ì gy³ I mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡b Af¨¯Í K‡i †Zvjv|
2) Kg©m~wP eë¯’vcbv
wcwUAvB‡Z ZvwË¡K Ávbjv‡fi cvkvcvwk avivevwnKfv‡e cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q wkÿY Abykxjb| Gfv‡e 18 gv‡mi G †Kv‡m©
wcwUAvB‡Z †gvU 22 mßvn Ges we`¨vj‡q 32 mßvn Abykxj‡bi eë¯ v ivLv n‡q‡Q| G Rb¨-
-wcwUAvB‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxqmsL¨K Bb÷ªv±i wb‡qv‡Mi eë¯ v Ges welqwfwËKfv‡e Bb÷ªv±‡ii c`web¨vm
Kiv n‡q‡Q
-Z_¨ cÖhyw³i (ICT) ch©vß eënvi my‡hvM ivLv n‡q‡Q
-wkÿvi gvb g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x‡ì †ckvMZ †hvM¨Zv wba©vi‡Yi eë¯ v ivLv n‡q‡Q
-MvVwbK g~j¨vq‡bi A_©en eënvi Kivi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q
wcwUAvB‡Z GK eQi cÖwkÿY †k‡l 6 gvm wbR we`¨vj‡q cÖavb wkÿK, mswkøó wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i, BDAviwm Bb÷ªv±i,
GBDBImn Ab¨vb¨ Kg©KZ©ve„‡›ì wbweo ZË¡veav‡b cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi cÖwkÿYjä Ávb ¯^vaxbfv‡e cÖ‡qvM I Abykxj‡bi
my‡hvM i‡q‡Q|
3) †µwWU NÈv
mgMÖ †Kvm©wU‡K 96 †µwWU NÈvq wef³ K‡i ZvwË¡K †Kv‡m©i Rb¨ 47.5 Ges Abykxj‡bi Rb¨ 48.5 †µwWU NÈv
wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨, ZvwË¡K welq¸‡jv AaxZ nq wcwUAvB‡Z Ges Abykxjb msµvšÍ welq cwiPvwjZ nq
cÖwkÿY we`¨vjq Ges wkÿv_©xi wbR we`¨vj‡q|
wWwcGW †cÖvMÖv‡g ZvwË¡K welqmg~‡n †µwWU NÈvÑ
6wU welqÁvb †Kvm©-20.5 †µwWU NÈv
5wU wkÿY weÁvb †Kvm© -16 †µwWU NÈv
1wU †ckvMZ wkÿv †Kvm©-11 †µwWU NÈv
6wU welqÁvb †Kvm© Ges †µwWU NÈv-

evsjv welqÁvb - 4.5 †µwWU NÈv
MwYZ welqÁvb - 4.5 †µwWU NÈv
cÖv_wgK weÁvb welqÁvb - 3 †µwWU NÈv
Bs‡iwR welqÁvb - 3 †µwWU NÈv
evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq welqÁvb - 3 †µwWU NÈv
G·‡cÖwmf AvU©m - 2.5 †µwWU NÈv
130
5wU wkÿY weÁvb †Kvm© n‡jvÑ
evsjv wkÿY weÁvb - 4 †µwWU NÈv
MwYZ wkÿY weÁvb - 4.5 †µwWU NÈv
Bs‡iwR wkÿY weÁvb - 3 †µwWU NÈv
cÖv_wgK weÁvb wkÿY weÁvb - 3 †µwWU NÈv
evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq wkÿY weÁvb - 1.5 †µwWU NÈv
4) †ckvMZ wkÿvi welqe¯‘
†ckvMZ wkÿvi welq 4wU L‡Û wef³ :
cÖ_g LÐ- wkïi weKvk I wkLb, wkïi •kkeKvjxb weKvk I cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv, wkÿK wkÿv, cÖv_wgK wkÿv:
wkÿvµg I GKxf‚Z wkÿv|
wØZxq LÐÑ wkLb ZË¡ I wkLb †kLv‡bv †K․kj, wkLb g~j¨vqb, Kg©mnvqK M‡elYv, cÖwZdjb Abykxjb, cvV mgxÿv I
†g›Uwis|
Z…Zxq LÐ- ag© I g~j¨‡eva, (Bmjvg ag©, wn›`y ag©, wLªó ag© I †e․× ag© Ges g~j¨‡eva I •bwZKZv)
PZ‚_© LÐ- Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ Ges MÖšv  Mvi cwim¤ú`|
we`¨vjqmswkøó welqwfwËK †Kv‡m©i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q-
evsjv, MwYZ, Bs‡iwR, cÖv_wgK weÁvb, evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq|
G welq¸‡jvi †Kvm©mg~n‡K `ywU cwim‡i fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q-
1) welq Ávb ( Subject Knowledge-Sk)
2) wkÿY weÁvb (Pedagogical Knowledge-PK)
welqÁvb †Kv‡m©i 6wU wel‡qi GKwU n‡”Q G·‡cÖwmf AvU©m| G·‡cÖwmf AvU© G i‡q‡Q-
1) Pviæ I KviæKjv
2) kvixwiK wkÿv
3) m½xZ
GQvov 2wU ¯‥yj Ae¯’vb †Kvm© i‡q‡Q-
we`¨vjq Abykxjb cÖ_g ch©vq
we`¨vjq Abykxjb wØZxq ch©vq
m¤ú~Y© wWwcGW Kg©m~wP 4 Uv‡g© cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q

wcwUAvBwfwËK †Kvm©mg~n Ges we`¨vjq Abykxjb †Kvm© wWwcGW Kg©m~wPi cÖ_g 3 Uv‡g© cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q| wcwUAvB‡Z 12
gvm Ae¯ vb †k‡l wbR we`¨vj‡q 6 gv‡mi wkÿY Abykxjbg~jK †Kvm© mgvwßi ci wkÿv_©xiv me‡k‡l P~ovšÍ g~j¨vq‡bi
Rb¨ wcwUAvB‡Z 2 mßvn Ae¯ vb K‡i P‚ovšÍ g~j¨vq‡b AskMÖnY K‡i|
Uvg©Ñ1
GB Uv‡g©i mgqmxgv 14 mßvn I †µwWU NÈv 17| Uv‡g©i ïiæ‡Z wkÿv_©xiv cÖ_g 6 mßvn wcwUAvB‡Z cÖ`Ë iæwUb
†gvZv‡eK †kÖwY Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY K‡i| G mg‡q Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi mv‡_ A¨vKkb wimvP© m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf K‡i|
we`¨vj‡q Abykxj‡bi mg‡q A¨vKkb wimv‡P©i Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡i| A¨vKkb wimv‡P©i gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xiv AbywPšÍbg~jK
wkÿKZvi aviYv jvf K‡i| Gi d‡j wPšÍv K‡i wkÿKZvi KvR Kivi `ÿZv e„w× cvq| djkÖæwZ‡Z wkÿv_©xiv wb‡R‡ì
g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z mg_© nq Ges mvgwMªKfv‡e Zuv‡ì †ckvMZ gvb e„w× cvq| GB †gqv‡` cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv I mswkøó
Kvh©µ‡gi Ici avivevwnK AwfÁZv AR©b K‡i| cÖ_g Uvg© †_‡K wkÿv_©xi Bb÷ªv±‡ii civgk© Abymv‡i wkÿKgvb
AR©‡bi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡i| c‡ii 3 mßvn cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q Abykxjbjä AwfÁZv AR©b K‡i| Zvici 2
131
mßvn wcwUAvB †_‡K †ckvMZ wkÿvmn Ab¨vb¨ †Kvm© †_‡K cÖvß Z_¨ I ZË¡ Aa¨qb K‡i we`¨vj‡q AwR©Z AwfÁZv
mgš^‡qi gva¨‡g wb‡R‡ì AviI mg„× K‡i| Avevi 2 mßvn we`¨vj‡q Abykxjb Ges me‡k‡l 1 mßvn wcwUAvB‡Z
Aa¨qb K‡i|
mßvn
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
we`¨vjq/wcwUAvB
wc wc wc wc wc wc we we we wc wc we we wc
Uvg©Ñ2
GB Uv‡g©i mgqmxgv 11 mßvn Ges †µwWU NÈv i‡q‡Q 15.5| ïiæ‡Z _vK‡Q 3 mßvn wcwUAvB‡Z K¬vm, Zvici 3 mßvn
we`¨vj‡q AwfÁZv AR©b| 3 mßvn we`¨vj‡qi ci 3 mßvn wcwUAvB‡Z Aa¨qb| Gici Avevi 3 mßvn wcwUAvB‡Z
Aa¨qb K‡i Uvg©Ñ2-Gi †kl mßvn we`¨vj‡q Abykxjb K‡i| GB †gqv‡` wkÿYweÁvb Aa¨q‡bi Ici †ewk †Rvi †Ìqv
n‡q‡Q| †ckvMZ wkÿvi g‡a¨ _vK‡Q †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva I Abykxjb|
mßvn
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
we`¨vjq/wcwUAvB
wc wc wc we we we wc wc wc we we
Uvg©Ñ3
Uvg©-3 Gi mgqmxgv 11 mßvn Ges G Uv‡g© 15 †µwWU NÈv wba©vwiZ i‡q‡Q| G Uvg©-Gi Kvh©µgmg~n we`¨vj‡q 6 mßvn
Ges wcwUAvB‡Z 5 mßvn a‡i AbywôZ nq| G‡Z _vK‡Q welqÁvb Ges wkÿYweÁv‡bi cvkvcvwk †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva|
GB †gqv‡` wkÿK gv‡bi Ici A‡bK †ewk ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g `ywU Uv‡g© wkÿK gvb avivevwnKfv‡e
Abykxj‡bi Ici ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| wkÿv_©xMY µgvMZfv‡e †ckvMZ wkÿv Ges welqwfwËK wkÿY weÁvb
m¤ú‡K© cwic~Y© Dcjwäi gva¨‡g avivevwnKfv‡e Zv‡ì wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R cvi`wk©Zvi Dbœqb mvab K‡i| wkÿK gvb
AR©‡bi Rb¨ wkÿv_©xiv †kÖwY‡Z cvV`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î m¤ú~Y© `vwqZ¡ MÖnY Ges Zv‡ì h_vh_ wkLb †kLv‡bv cÖwµqv Abymi‡Y
h‡_ó mnvqZv †`q|
mßvn
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
we`¨vjq/wcwUAvB
wc wc we we we we we we wc wc wc
Uvg©Ñ4
GB Uv‡g©i mgqmxgv 18 Kg©mßvn G Uv‡g© †µwWU NÈv wba©vwiZ i‡q‡Q 29.5 Gi g‡a¨ 16 mßvn cÖwkÿYv_©xiv wbR
we`¨vj‡q wkÿKZv Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡e A_©vr 1 erm‡ii cÖwkÿYjä Ávb wbR we`¨vj‡q cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g wkÿY
Abykxjb Ki‡e Ges wkÿKgvb Abymv‡i wb‡R‡K GKRb `ÿ wkÿK wn‡m‡e •Zwi K‡i| m‡e©vcwi Zv‡ì †ckvMZ gv‡bi
Dbœqb N‡U| GB Uv‡g©i †kl 2 mßvn P‚ovšÍ g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì wcwUAvB‡Z Ae¯ vb Ki‡Z nq| m¤ú~Y© Uv‡g©B
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK Ges cÖv_wgK †kÖwYi (1g †_‡K 5g) wkLb †kLv‡bv †K․k‡ji KvR¸‡jv Abykxjb Ki‡e|
mßvn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
we`¨vjq/wcwUAvB we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we wc wc
132
†Kvm©wU cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î †ek wKQz wbqg-bxwZ Abym„Z n‡q _v‡K|
†hgbÑ
 cÖwZwU wcwUAvB‡Z 16 Rb Bb÷ªv±i i‡q‡Q|
 wcwUAvB‡Z cÖwZwU †kÖwYK‡ÿ 35-40 Rb wkÿv_©x _vK‡e| wcwUAvB‡Z †kÖwYK‡ÿi msL¨vbymv‡i fwZ© Kiv nq|
A_©vr 4 †kÖwYKÿ _vK‡j 160 Rb, 5wU †kÖwYKÿ _vK‡j 200 Rb wkÿv_©x fwZ© Kiv hvq|
 cÖ‡Z¨K Bb÷ªv±‡ii Rb¨ GKwU K‡i j¨vcUc Ges cÖwZ 4 Rb wkÿv_©xi Rb¨ GKwU †W¯‥Uc Kw¤úDUv‡ii
eë¯ v ivLv n‡q‡Q|
 cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x‡K Kw¤úDUvi Pvjbv wel‡q nv‡Z-Kj‡g cÖwkÿ‡Yi eë¯ v ivLv n‡q‡Q|
 jvB‡eªwi‡Z ch©vß msL¨K cÖv_wgK wkÿv I wkÿK-wkÿvmsµvšÍ eB ivLvi eë¯ v ivLv n‡q‡Q|
 †Kvm©wU AvevwmK| cÖwZw`b †fv‡i kixiPP©v eva¨Zvg~jK|
 welqwfwËKfv‡e Bb÷ªv±iMY `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|
 cÖwZw`b GK NÈvi GKwU ¯^wkLb K¬vm i‡q‡Q| welq Bb÷ªv±‡ii wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i ¯^wkLb K¬v‡m wkÿv_©xMY
welqwfwËKfv‡e cvV Abykxjb K‡i|
 •eKvwjK Awa‡ek‡b mßv‡n wZb w`b kvixwiK wkÿv Ges wZb w`b m½x‡Zi K¬vm AbywôZ nq |
g~j¨vqb
wkÿv_©xi ZvwË¡K Ávb g~j¨vwqZ nq MvVwbK I mvgwóK g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g Ges Zv m¤úvw`Z nq A¨vKkb wimvP©,
A¨vmvBb‡g›U, Dc¯ vcb Ges `ywU wjwLZ cixÿvi gva¨‡g; Ab¨w`‡K cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x
mvgwMÖKfv‡e wkÿK †hvM¨Zv Z_v wkÿKgvb AR©b K‡i|
GK bR‡i wWwcGW †cÖvMÖv‡gi wkÿv_©x g~j¨vqb (Assessment at a Glance)
†Kvm© g~j¨vq‡bi b¤î †gvU b¤î cvm b¤î mvwU©wd‡KU

aib cÖ`vb
wcwUAvB KZ©„K †bc KZ©„K
g~j¨vqb g~j¨vqb
†Kvm© g~j¨vqb MvVwbK 610 - 610 †MÖwWs Gi
40%
mvgwóK - 590 590 wfwË‡Z wRwcG
†gvU= 610 590 1200

wkÿKgvb MvVwbK - - 80%
g~j¨vqb
133
†Kvm© g~j¨vqb : b¤î Ges Uvg©wfwËKfv‡e (Course Assessment : Number and Term wise)
†`Lv‡bv n‡q‡QÑ
welq mvgw÷K MvVwbK †gvU

3q Uvg© 4_© Uvg© Abykxjb wcwUAvB GKkvb †jmb G¨vmvB Abykxjb
P~ovšÍ †iKW©cÎ cixÿv KZ©„K wimvP©/ ÷vwW b‡g›U
cixÿv Ges †g․wLK Bb‡Kvm© †Km
cixÿv) g~j¨vqb ÷vwW
welq †g․wLK 1g Uvg© Dc¯’vcb
†evW© †evW©
1. †ckvMZ wkÿv AvBwmwU 20
25+25
80 15 0 15 jvB‡eªwi
=50 20
eënvi
2. evsjv welqÁvb 40 25
15 0 15
3. evsjv wkÿYweÁvb 40 25
4. Bs‡iwR welqÁvb 40 25
15 0 15
5. Bs‡iwR wkÿYweÁvb 40 25
6. MwYZ welqÁvb 40 25
0 15 15
7. MwYZ wkÿYweÁvb 40 25
8. cÖv_wgK weÁvb welqÁvb 40 25
eënvwiK
9. cÖv_wgK weÁvb 0 15 15 20
40 30 30 25 cixÿv
wkÿYweÁvb
10. evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq
40 25 mvgvwRK
(welqÁvb)
15 0 15 `ÿZv 20
11. evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq
40 25 Abykxjb
(wkÿYweÁvb)
12. G·‡cÖwmf K.
AvU© kvixwiK 18 10 0 0 Abykxjb 8
wkÿv
L. Pviæ I
18 10 0 0 0 Abykxjb 8
KviæKjv
M. m½xZ 14 10 0 0 0 Abykxjb 4
†gvU= 530 30 30 330 60 30 90 100 1200
me©‡gvU= 590 610 1200
wcwUAvB KZ©„K MvVwbK g~j¨vqb (Formative Assessment by PTI)

1g Uvg© Bb‡Kvm© (MvVwbK)
welq b¤î †gvU b¤î
†ckvMZ wkÿv (1g, 2q, 3q Ges 4_© LÐ) 12.5 × 4 = 50 50
evsjv welqÁvb 25 25
evsjv wkÿYweÁvb 25 25
Bs‡iwR welqÁvb 25 25
Bs‡iwR wkÿYweÁvb 25 25
MwYZ welqÁvb 25 25
MwYZ wkÿYweÁvb 25 25
cÖv_wgK weÁvb welqÁvb 25 25
welq b¤î †gvU b¤î
134
cÖv_wgK weÁvb wkÿYweÁvb 25 25
evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb 25 25
evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb 25 25
G·‡cÖwmf AvU© 30
K. kvixwiK wkÿv 10
L. Pviæ I KviæKjv 10
M. m½xZ 10
wcwUAvB KZ©„K g~j¨vqb (MvVwbK)
welq wcwUAvB KZ©„K g~j¨vqb Uvg© msL¨v b¤î †gvU b¤î

(MvVwbK)
†ckvMZ wkÿv †Km÷vwW Dc¯ vcb 1g-3q 1 15 30×1
A¨vmvBb‡g›U (1) 1g-3q 1 15 = 30
evsjv welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb 1g-3q 1 15 15
Bs‡iwR welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb A¨vKkb wimvP© 1g-3q 1 15 15
evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq welqÁvb I 1 15 15
1g-3q
wkÿYweÁvb
MwYZ welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb 1 15 15
1g-3q
cÖv_wgK weÁvb welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb cvV mgxÿv 1 15 15
evsjv welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb 1 15 15
Bs‡iwR welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb 1 15 15
MwYZ welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb 1 15 15
A¨vmvBb‡g›U 1g-3q 1 15 15
cÖv_wgK weÁvb welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb
evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq welqÁvb I 1 15 15
wkÿYweÁvb
Abykxjb :
†ckvMZ wkÿv AvBwmwU Abykxjb - 20 20
jvB‡eªwi eënvi - 20 20
cÖv_wgK weÁvb welqÁvb I eënvwiK cixÿY 1 20 20
wkÿYweÁvb (Experiment)
evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq AvPvi-AvPiY-5
(welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb) Abyôvb cwiPvjbv-5 1g-3q -
mvgvwRK KvR-10 - 20 20
(cwi®‥vi-cwi”QbœZv-5 Ges -
mnKg©x, AwffveK, wkÿv_©x
I cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡qi
wkÿK‡ì mv‡_ m¤úK©-5)
7. G·‡cÖwmf AvU© K. kvixwiK wkÿv eënvwiK/Abykxjb-8 - 20 20
L. Pviæ I KviæKjv eënvwiK/Abykxjb-8
M. m½xZ Abykxjb-4
†gvU= 100
135
Bb‡Kvm© cixÿvi b¤î wefvRb wb¤œiƒc :
welq †gvU b¤î cvk b¤î
1g+3q LÐ-25 b¤î (12.5 + 12.5)
†ckvMZ wkÿv 50
2q+4_© LÐ-25 b¤î (12.5 + 12.5)
evsjv welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb (25 + 25) 50
Bs‡iwR welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb (25 + 25) 50
MwYZ welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb (25 + 25) 50
cvm b¤î40%
cÖv_wgK weÁvb welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb (25 + 25) 50
evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb (25 + 52) 50
G·‡cÖwmf AvU© kvixwiK wkÿv-10 b¤î 30
Pviæ I KviæKjv-10 b¤î
msMxZ-10 b¤î
†gvU= 330
Bb‡Kvm© cixÿvi Afxÿvi aib :
welq cixÿvi b¤î Afxÿvi aib

†ckvMZ wkÿv (1g+3q LÐ Ges 25 (12.5+12.5) 50 1| we¯Í…Z DËi Afxÿv (4wU †_‡K
2q+4_© LÐ) +25 (12.5+12.5) 2wU) 2 × 4 = 8
MwYZ welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb 25+25 50 2| mswÿß DËi Afxÿv
cÖv_wgK weÁvb welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb 25+25 50 (6wU †_‡K 4wU) 4×2 = 8
evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq welqÁvb I 25+25 50 3| eû wbe©vPbx Afxÿv (5wU) 5×1=5
wkÿYweÁvb 4| †g․wLK-4
evsjv welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb 25+25 50 †gvU b¤î = 25×2wU welq = 50
Bs‡iwR welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb 25+25 50 [wet`ªt †ckvMZ wkÿv wel‡q 1g,
2q 3q Ges 4_© L‡Ði Rb¨ cÖkœ
Ges DËicÎ wfbœ n‡e Ges Ab¨
welq¸‡jvi welqÁvb I
wkÿYweÁvb Gi Rb¨ cÖkœ Ges
DËicÎ wfbœ n‡e|]
G•‡cÖwmf AvU kvixwiK wkÿv 10 1| we¯Í…Z DËi Afxÿv (4wU †_‡K
Pviæ I KviæKjv 10 2wU) 4 × 1 = 4
msMxZ 10 2| mswÿß DËi Afxÿv
30
(4wU †_‡K 2wU) 2× 1 = 2
3| Abykxjb/eënvwiK = 4
†gvU b¤î=10×3wU welq = 30
136
P~ovšÍ wjwLZ cixÿvq (3q Uvg© G) Afxÿvi aib
welq Afxÿvi aib, b¤î Ges mgq b¤î
1. †ckvMZ wkÿv †gvU b¤î-40 20×4=
cÖ_g LÐ 1| we¯Í…Z DËi Afxÿv (2wU †_‡K 1wU) 1×10=10 80
40 (Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM, ms‡kølY/we‡kølY
wØZxq LÐ
g~j¨vqb, wµ‡qwUf Ges Av‡ewMK)
Z…Zxq LÐ 2| mswÿß DËi Afxÿv (4wU †_‡K 2wU) 2×2=4
PZz_© LÐ (Ávb, Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM,
ms‡kølY/we‡kølY, g~j¨vqb,
wµ‡qwUf Ges Av‡ewMK)
40 3| eûwbe©vPbx Afxÿv (6wU) 6×1=6
†gvU b¤î = 20
(1g LÐ + 3q LÐ) = 20+20=40, mgq: 3 NÈv
(2q LÐ + 4_© LÐ) = 20+20=40, mgq: 3 NÈv
cÖwZwU L‡Ði cÖkœ Ges DËicÎ wfbœ n‡e|
2. evsjv welqÁvb †gvU b¤î-40 40×10=
3. evsjv wkÿYweÁvb 1| we¯Í…Z DËi Afxÿv (4wU †_‡K 2wU) 2×10=20 400
4. Bs‡iwR welqÁvb (Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM, ms‡kølY/we‡kølY
5. Bs‡iwR wkÿYweÁvb 2| mswÿß DËi Afxÿv (8wU †_‡K 5wU) 5×2=10
6. MwYZ welqÁvb (Ávb, Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM,
7. MwYZ wkÿYweÁvb ms‡kølY/we‡kølY, g~j¨vqb,
8. cÖv_wgK weÁvb welqÁvb wµ‡qwUf Ges Av‡ewMK)
9. cÖv_wgK weÁvb wkÿYweÁvb 3| eûwbe©vPbx Afxÿv (10wU) 10×1=10
10. evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq welqÁvb †gvU = 40
11. evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq mgq: 3 NÈv
wkÿYweÁvb cÖwZwU wel‡qi cÖkœ Ges DËicÎ wfbœ n‡e|
12. G·‡cÖwmf K. kvixwiK wkÿv †gvU b¤î-10 18×2=36
AvU© L. Pviæ I Kviæ Kjv 1| we¯Í…Z DËi Afxÿv (4wU †_‡K 2wU) 2×4=8
(Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM, ms‡kølY/we‡kølY,
2| mswÿß DËi Afxÿv (8wU †_‡K 5wU) 5×2=10
(Ávb, Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM,
†gvU=18
cÖwZ welq mgq: 1 NÈv
M. m½xZ †gvU b¤î-10 14×1=14
1| we¯Í…Z DËi Afxÿv (4wU †_‡K 2wU) 4×2=8
(Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM, ms‡kølY/we‡kølY,
2| mswÿß DËi Afxÿv (8wU †_‡K 6wU) 6×1=6
(Ávb, Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM,
†gvU=14
cÖwZ welq mgq : 1 NÈv
wZbwU welq GK‡Î-3 NÈv
cÖwZwU wel‡qi cÖkœ Ges DËicÎ wfbœ n‡e|
†gvU= 530
(Z_¨m~Î : wcwUAvB g¨v‡bR‡g›U n¨vÛeyK(2015), RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg| )
137
7.3 : Continuous Professional Development Training
Continuous Professional Development-Gi evsjv A_© n‡”Q avivevwnK †ckvMZ Dbœqb| avivevwnK †ckvMZ
Dbœqb ej‡Z eySvq †Kv‡bv e¨w³i †ckvMZ Rxe‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb I `ÿZv AR©b Kiv| †ckvMZ Dbœq‡b cÖwkÿ‡Yi
†Kv‡bv weKí †bB| cÖvBgvwi wUPvm© †Uªwbs BÝwUwUDU (wcwUAvB) G `xN© †gqv‡` Aa¨q‡bi ci cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi
wkÿK‡ì Avi †Kv‡bv cÖvwZôvwbK cÖwkÿY MÖn‡Yi my‡hvM _v‡K bv| `xN© wkÿKZvi Rxe‡b bZzb a¨vb aviYvq wkÿv_©x‡K
†kLv‡bvi Rb¨ Ges wb‡Ri ÁvbMZ I `ÿZvMZ †K․k‡ji cwieZ©‡b wkÿKMY †h mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nb Zv mgvav‡bi
Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb avivevwnK AvbyôvwbK cÖwkÿ‡Yi| ÔwkÿK Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib bv, •Zwi nbÕ- G mZ¨‡K †g‡b wb‡q ejv hvq,
wkÿ‡Ki wkÿK n‡q IVvi wcQ‡b eûwea AR©b I mskÖq KvR K‡i| GRb¨ cÖ‡qvRb †ckvMZ Dbœqb Kvh©µ‡gi| GiB
†cÖwÿ‡Z Continuous Professional Development Training AvIZvq wb‡¤œi cÖwkÿY mg~‡ni eë¯ v i‡q‡Q|
†hgbÑ
 mve-K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿY
 Pvwn`vwfwËK mve-K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿY
 welqwfwËK cÖwkÿY
 cÖavb wkÿK‡ì Rb¨ wjWviwkc cÖwkÿY
mve-K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿY
†ckvMZ Dbœq‡b cÖwkÿ‡Yi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| wm.Bb.GW I wW.wc.GW Gi ci cÖv_wgK wkÿK‡ì cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Avi
†Kv‡bv cÖvwZôvwbK cÖwkÿY ev wkÿv MÖn‡Yi my‡hvM _v‡K bv| d‡j cÖvwZôvwbK cÖwkÿ‡Y †h Ávb AwR©Z n‡jv Zv
†kªwYK‡ÿ cÖ‡qvMKv‡j wkÿKMY †h mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nb Zv mgvav‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb avivevwnK cÖvwZôvwbK cÖwkÿ‡Yi|
Dc‡Rjvi AšÍM©Z mKj cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cVb-cvVb Kvh©µg cÖkvmwbK Kg©KvÐ I eë¯ vcbv msµvšÍ hveZxq `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡i Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdm| we‡kl K‡i wkÿv wel‡qi wewfbœ mgm¨vi ZvrÿwYK mgvavb, civgk©, wkÿKe„‡›ì
†ckvMZ `vwqZ¡ cvjb LyeB Riæwi| GQvov me mgq wkÿK-wkwÿKvM‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq beZi a¨vb aviYvi Dci
cÖwkÿY I Kjv‡K․kj m¤ú‡K© cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb Riæwi| G cÖ‡qvR‡bi †cÖwÿ‡Z 1983 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k K¬v÷vi bv‡g GKwU
bZzb mvsMvVwbK KvVv‡gv M‡o I‡V| hv‡K K¬v÷vi Awdm ejv nq|
mvaviYZ GKB Dc‡Rjvi AšÍM©Z cvkvcvwk Aew¯ Z 15-20wU miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq wb‡q G ¯‥zj ¸”Q ev K¬v÷vi
MwVZ| 1986 mv‡j cÖ_‡g evsjv‡`‡k K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿY wkÿKM‡Yi Rb¨ PvKwiKvjxb cÖwkÿ‡Yi g‡Wj wn‡m‡e
AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i| c‡i 1993 mvj †_‡K K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿ‡Yi aviYv‡K cybwe©b¨vm K‡i K‡qKwU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq‡K GKwU
¸”Q •Zwi K‡i mve-K¬v÷viwfwËK cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb ïiæ nq|
†K›`ªxqfv‡e cÖwkÿY wjd‡jU •Zwi K‡i G cÖwkÿY cwiPvwjZ n‡Zv| gvV ch©vq †_‡K cÖvß Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z GB cÖwkÿY
mvgMÖx¸‡jv •Zwi n‡Zv| cÖ‡Z¨K K¬v÷v‡ii Rb¨ i‡q‡Qb GKRb mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi| wZwb Zvi K¬v÷v‡ii
AšÍM©Z wkÿK-wkwÿKvi we`¨vjq wfwËK PvKzwi Kvjxb evi evi cÖwkÿY Ges wkÿv welqK hveZxq civgk© I wb‡`©kbv
cÖ`vb K‡ib Ges cvkvcvwk wKQz cÖkvmwbK `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| cÖm½Z D‡jøL¨, mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi Zvi
hveZxq Kg©KvÐ Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awd‡m e‡m m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡Kb| GLbI ch©šÍ K¬v÷vi Awd‡mi †f․Z AeKvVv‡gv M‡o
I‡Vwb|
138
Pvwn`vwfwËK mve-K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿY
mve-K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿ‡Y †K›`ªxqfv‡e •Zwi Kiv wjd‡jU wfwËK cÖwkÿ‡Y wkÿKM‡Yi AvswkK Pvwn`v c~iY n‡Zv| m¤úªwZ 1
erm‡ii wm.Bb.GW cÖwkÿ‡Yi cwie‡Z© 18 gvme¨vcx wkÿK †hvM¨Zvi A‡jv‡K wW.wc.GW wkÿv †Kvm© mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
wW.wc.GW cÖwkÿ‡Y jäÁvb †kªwYK‡ÿ cÖ‡qv‡Mi ci wkÿKMY Zuv‡ì †ckvMZ aviYv cÖ‡qv‡M †h ai‡bi NvUwZ Abyfe
Ki‡Qb ev Ki‡eb Zv c~i‡Y eZ©gv‡b wkÿK †hvM¨Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i mve-K¬v÷vi I welqwfwËK cÖwkÿY g‡Wj cÖ¯vÍ e
Kiv n‡”Q| G‡Z wkÿKMY †kªwYK‡ÿ `jMZfv‡e, cÖavb wkÿK Ges cÖwkÿK †bUIqv‡K©i mnvqZvq Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì
wkLb-mvg‡_©i Dbœq‡b mÿg n‡eb e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq|
Ab¨‡ì •Zwi wkLb DcKi‡Yi cwie‡Z© wkÿKMY ¯^-AbywPšÍ‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡R‡ì e¨w³MZ Pvwn`vi Dbœqb NwU‡q
we`¨vj‡qi wkLb-‡kLv‡bv cwi‡ek‡K Zviv Dbœqb mnvqK msMV‡b cwiYZ Ki‡Z mg_© n‡”Q| Dci †_‡K Pvwc‡q †Ìqv
bq - bottom Up bxwZ MÖn‡Yi d‡j wb‡R‡ì Mi‡RB wkÿKMY Ávb Abykxj‡bi DcKiY wb‡RivB Dbœqb Ki‡Q| d‡j
wb‡R‡ì †ckvMZ avivevwnK gvb Dbœq‡b wkÿK, cwi`k©‡Ki g‡a¨ †hgb GKwU Dbœqb mnvqK m¤úK© m„wó n‡”Q †Zgwb
wb‡R‡ì •Zwi mnvqK DcKi‡Yi cÖwZ gvwjKvbv‡eva m„wó n‡e|†kÖwYK‡ÿi wkL‡bi c×wZ I †K․kj wek¦e¨vcx
cÖwZwbqZ cwiewZ©Z n‡”Q| m„ó bZzb bZzb a¨vb-aviYv †_‡K Avgv‡ì wkÿKMY hv‡Z wcwQ‡q bv _v‡Kb †m j‡ÿ¨
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP-3 Gi AvIZvq Pvwn`vwfwËK mve-K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿ‡Yi eë¯ v ivLv n‡q‡Q|
Pvwn`vwfwËK mve-K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨
 we`¨vj‡qi wkLb-†kLv‡bv cwi‡ek‡K Dbœqb Ki‡Z avivevwnKfv‡e wkÿ‡Ki †ckvMZ Ávb I `ÿZv Dbœqb
Ae¨vnZ ivLv
 wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î beZi a¨vb-aviYvi mv‡_ wkÿ‡Ki ms‡hvM iÿv Kiv
 wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î bZzb P¨v‡jÄ MÖn‡Yi mvg_©¨ AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv
 wkÿY- mvg‡_©i Dbœq‡b wkÿK‡K mÿg K‡i †Zvjv
 ¯^-AbywPšÍ‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿ‡Ki wb‡Ri Pvwn`vi Dbœqb NUv‡bv|
Pvwn`vwfwËK mve-K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿY cÖwµqv

cÖavb wkÿK KZ©…K wb‡Ri I Zvi we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK‡ì cÖwkÿY-Pvwn`v wbiƒcY|
mswkøó we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK KZ…©K Zvi we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK‡ì cÖwkÿY-Pvwn`v mgš^qc~e©K K¬v÷v‡ii mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv
Awdmv‡ii wbKU †cÖiY|
mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi Zvi K¬v÷v‡ii mKj we`¨vj‡qi Pvwn`vmg~n Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii wbKU `vwLj|
Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi KZ„©K Zvui Dc‡Rjvi mKj wkÿ‡Ki cÖwkÿY-Pvwn`v BDAviwm‡Z †cÖiY
BDAviwm KZ…©K cÖvß wkÿK‡ì cÖwkÿY-Pvwn`v we‡kølY I †kÖwYKiY, Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi I mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv
Awdmvi‡ì mgš^‡q mfv K‡i Lmov AMÖvwaKvi ZvwjKv cÖYqb
139
BDAviwm KZ…©K AMÖvwaKvi ZvwjKvi wel‡qi Dci mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi, wkÿK‡ì mgš^‡q ev mn‡hvwMZvq cÖwkÿY
mvgMÖx cÖYqb/wbe©vPb/msMÖn Ges Aby‡gv`‡bi Rb¨ wcwUAvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U eivei †cÖiY|
wcwUAvB mycvi KZ…©K BDAviwm cÖYxZ cÖwkÿY mvgMÖxi Aby‡gv`b c~e©K cieZx© Kvh©µ‡gi Rb¨ BDAviwm‡Z †cÖiY|
BDAviwm KZ…©K Aby‡gvw`Z cÖwkÿY mvgMÖxi Dci mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi Ges wkÿK cÖwkÿK‡ì AewnZKiY mfv
Av‡qvRb Ges cÖwkÿY mvgMÖx weZiY|
Pvwn`vwfwËK mve-K¬v÷vi Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbv
cÖwkÿY Kvh©µg cwiexÿY Ges cwiexÿY cÖwZ‡e`b †cÖiY |
mve-K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿY ev¯Íevqb cÖwµqvi avcmg~n
cÖavb wkÿK 1. cÖavb wkÿK cÖ_‡g ¯^-AbywPšÍb dig Zvi wkÿK‡ì †`b| wkÿKMY dig wb‡R c~iY K‡i
mfvq Av‡bb| cÖavb wkÿK cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿ‡Ki c~iYK…Z dig Av‡jvPbv K‡i mswkøó wkÿ‡Ki
cÖwkÿY-Pvwn`vi ZvwjKv P~ovšÍ K‡ib|
2. cÖavb wkÿK GKv‡WwgK mycviwfkb I mswkøó wkÿK‡ì c~iYK…Z ¯^-AbywPšÍb dig Abyhvqx
P~ovšÍ cÖwkÿY Pvwn`vi ZvwjKv cvwÿK mfvq chv©‡jvPbv K‡i Zvi ¯‥z‡ji wkÿK‡ì cÖwkÿY-
Pvwn`v wbiƒcY K‡ib|
3. cÖavb wkÿK Zvi ¯‥z‡ji wkÿK‡ì cÖvß cÖwkÿY-Pvwn`v mgš^q K‡i wkÿKwfwËK ZvwjKv 3
w`‡bi g‡a¨ K¬v÷v‡ii mnKvix Dc‡Rjv Awdmv‡ii wbKU †cÖiY K‡ib|
mnKvix Dc‡Rjv mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi Zvi K¬v÷v‡ii ¯‥z‡ji wkÿK‡ì cÖwkÿY-Pvwn`v wkLb‡ÿÎ Abyhvqx mgš^q
wkÿv Awdmvi K‡i 5 w`‡bi g‡a¨ Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii wbKU †cÖiY K‡ib|
Dc‡Rjv wkÿv mKj K¬v÷vi Gi Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi 3 w`‡bi g‡a¨ cÖvß mKj wkÿ‡Ki cÖwkÿY-Pvwn`vi ZvwjKv
Awdmvi BDAviwm‡Z †cÖiY K‡ib|
140
Dc‡Rjv wi‡mvm© 1. BDAviwm KZ…K
© cÖvß wkÿK‡ì cÖwkÿY-Pvwn`v we‡kølY I †kÖwYKiY K‡i 1.welqwfwËK I 2.
†m›Uv‡ii wkÿKwfwËK ZvwjKv cÖYqb K‡ib| G KvRwU myôzfv‡e Kivi Rb¨ BDAviwm Bb÷ªv±i I mnKvix
Bb÷ªv±i Bb÷ªv±i GKwU Kw¤úDUvivBRW WvU †eBR cÖYqb K‡ib|
2. G chv©‡q Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i BDAviwm Bb÷ªv±i GKwU mfv Avnevb
K‡ib| G mfvq Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi, mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi I 2/3Rb †hvM¨
wkÿK Dcw¯ Z _v‡Kb| mfvq BDAviwm cÖYxZ welqwfwËK I wkÿKwfwËK ZvwjKv chv©‡jvPbv
K‡i AMÖvwaKvi we‡ePbvq cieZx© AbywôZe¨ mve-K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ 4/5wU cÖwkÿY-Pvwn`v
P~ovšÍ K‡ib|mfvq wbe©vwPZ wel‡q †K †Kvb wel‡q Z_¨cÎ cÖYqb Ki‡eb Zv wba©viY K‡ib|
3. BDAviwm Kg©KZ©v Ab¨vb¨‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq Awa‡ekb KvVv‡gv Abymi‡Y cieZx© mve- K¬v÷vi
cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ P~ovšÍfv‡e wbev©wPZ 4/5wU wel‡q Z_¨cÎ I Awa‡ekb cwiKíbv cÖYqb
K‡ib| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖvmswMK n‡j c~‡e© cÖYxZ cÖwkÿY mvgMÖx ms‡kvab I cwigvR©b K‡i eënvi Kiv
hvq| G Kv‡R cÖ‡qvR‡b mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi I cvi`kx© wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZv wb‡q
_v‡Kb|
wcwUAvB BDAviwm cÖYxZ Z_¨cÎ I Awa‡ekb cwiKíbv Aby‡gv`‡bi Rb¨ mswkøó wcwUAvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W‡›Ui wbKU
mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U †cÖiY K‡ibGes 07 w`‡bi g‡a¨ wcwUAvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi welq-Bb÷ªv±‡ii mnvqZvq
Aby‡gv`bc~e©K BDAviwm Kg©KZ©vi wbKU †cÖiY K‡ib|
mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wbe©vwPZ wel‡q cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Kg©KZ©v I BDAviwm BÝUªv±i †h․_fv‡e
wkÿv Awdmvi mswkøó mve-K¬v÷v‡ii cÖavb wkÿK I mnKvix wkÿK‡ì ga¨ †_‡K `ÿ cÖwkÿK wbe©vPb K‡ib|
Dc‡Rjv wi‡mvm© Aby‡gvw`Z cÖwkÿY mvgMÖx cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ AbwZwej‡¤^ mswkøó K¬v÷v‡ii mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Kg©KZ©v Ges
†m›Uv‡ii Bb÷ªv±i wbe©vwPZ wkÿK, cÖwkÿK mKj‡K AewnZKiY mfvi gva¨‡g Z_¨cÎ weZiY K‡ib|
mnKvix Dc‡Rjv 1. mve-K¬÷vi cÖwkÿ‡Yi Kg©m~wP cÖYqb I Aby‡gv`b K‡i mswkøó mKj‡K †cÖiY K‡ib|
wkÿv Awdmvi 2. †h ¯‥z‡j cÖwkÿY n‡e †m ¯‥z‡ji cÖavb wkÿK I mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi †h․_fv‡e
Pvwn`vwfwËK mve-K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿ‡Yi Av‡qvRb K‡ib|
3. cÖwZ cÖwkÿY †k‡l Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii wbKU cÖwkÿ‡Yi Ici cÖwZ‡e`b cÖ`vb K‡ib|
Pvwn`vwfwËK mve- Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi, Dc‡Rjv wi‡mvm© †m›Uv‡ii Bb÷ªv±i, mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi I
K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿY BDAviwmi mnKvix Bb÷ªv±i G Kvh©µg cwiexÿY Ki‡eb Ges wefvMxq DccwiPvjK I †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv
ev¯Íevqb Awdmvi eivei cwiexÿY cÖwZ‡e`b †cÖiY K‡ib|
141
welqwfwËK cÖwkÿY
†h †Kv‡bv †ckvRxwei `ÿZv Dbœqb Ges m‡e©v”P †mev cÖ`vb wbwðZKi‡Yi Rb¨ Zv‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb AZ¨šÍ
¸iæZ¡c~Y©| cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿKM‡Yi †ckvMZ Ávb e„w× I `ÿZv Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ AvbyôvwbKfv‡e GK eQi †gqvw`
wm-Bb-GW cÖwkÿY †Kvm© cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q, hv mKj wkÿ‡Ki Rb¨ eva¨Zvg~jK| wkÿKMY mvaviYZ PvKzwi Rxe‡bi
cÖ_gw`‡KB G cÖwkÿYwU MÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb| cieZx©‡Z Zv‡ì †ckvMZ Ávb I `ÿZv‡K mg‡qvc‡hvMx K‡i ivLvi Rb¨
wKQz wKQz cÖwkÿ‡Yi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡jI wkÿK‡ì cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zyjbvq Zv LyeB mxwgZ| ZvB evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK
wkÿKM‡Yi mve©ÿwYK cÖwkÿY Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi jÿ¨gvÎv wb‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP-1 Gi AvIZvq BDAviwm
cÖwZôv Kivi ci cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP-2 Gi AvIZvq †`‡ki mKj wkÿK‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿvi 5wU g~j wel‡qi
Dci welqwfwËK cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb Kiv n‡qwQj| m¤úªwZ wm-Bb-GW †Kv‡m©i ¯ ‡j wWwcGW †Kvm© Pvjy nIqvi †cÖwÿ‡Z
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿKM‡Yi cÖwkÿ‡Yi †ÿ‡Î GKwU •ecøweK cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q|
be cÖewZ©Z wWwcGW †Kvm©wU cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii wkÿKM‡Yi Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ mg„× GKwU †Kvm© †hLv‡b wkÿKM‡Yi †ckvMZ
Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wkÿYweÁvb msµvšÍ Ávb (Pedagogical Knowledge), welqÁvb (Subject Knowledge) I wbw`©ó
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m½Z Kvi‡YB GLv‡b wkL‡bi bZzb bZzb ZË¡, wkLb †kLv‡bvi c×wZ I †K․kj, bZzb welqe¯‧ Ges Dnv †kÖwY‡Z
Dc¯ vc‡bi Rb¨ mswkøó welqÁvb BZ¨vwì mswgkÖY N‡U‡Q| wWwcGW †Kvm©wU wkL‡bi msMVbg~jK Z‡Ë¡i Dci wfwË
K‡i wWRvBb Kiv n‡q‡Q| d‡j wkLb †kLv‡bvi †ÿ‡ÎI wkÿv_©x‡Kw›`ªK wkLb †kLv‡bv wbwðZ n‡e, hv wkÿv_©xi mvwe©K
weKv‡ki mv‡_ m½wZc~Y©| bewbhy³ wkÿKMY wWwcGW †Kv‡m© Aa¨q‡bi my‡hvM †c‡jI B‡Zvc~‡e© wmBbGW cÖwkÿY MÖnY
Kiv wkÿKM‡Yi Rb¨ †m my‡hvM †bB| m½Z Kvi‡YB Kg©iZ wkÿKM‡Yi Rb¨ wWwcGW Gi evZ©v †cu․‡Q †Ìqv AZ¨šÍ
Riæwi|
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î Avi GKwU cwieZ©b n‡jv 2013 mvj †_‡K becÖewZ©Z KvwiKzjv‡gi ev¯Íevqb|
becÖewZ©Z KvwiKzjvg h_vh_fv‡e we¯Íi‡Yi Rb¨ wkÿK cÖwkÿY Acwinvh© n‡q c‡o‡Q| BDAviwm KZ©„K B‡Zvc~‡e©
†Ìqv welqwfwËK cÖwkÿY wkÿKM‡Yi eZ©gvb cÖwkÿY Pvwn`v c~i‡Y mÿg bq| m½Z Kvi‡YB MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k
miKvi cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP-3 Gi AvIZvq evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi mKj wkÿ‡Ki Rb¨ mÄxebxg~jK
welqwfwËK cÖwkÿ‡Yi Av‡qvRb K‡i‡Q|
ÔwkÿK Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib bv, •Zwi nbÕ- G mZ¨‡K †g‡b wb‡q ejv hvq, wkÿ‡Ki wkÿK n‡q IVvi wcQ‡b eûwea AR©b I
mskq KvR K‡i| wkÿ‡Ki mvabvi †ÿÎ n‡jv †kÖwYKÿ| Avi †kÖwYK‡ÿi wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kv‡Ri g~j DcRxe¨ n‡jv
welqwfwËK Ávb Abykxjb I cÖ‡qvM| cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii wkÿvµ‡gi cÖwZ jÿ¨ †i‡L welqwfwËK cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ evsjv,
MwYZ, Bs‡iwR, evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq, cÖv_wgK weÁvb Ges cÖKvkag©x Kjvwe`¨vi AšÍf³z© Pviy I KviyKjv, kvixwiK
wkÿv Ges msMxZ wel‡q me©‡gvU AvUwU welq wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| wkÿv_©xi †hvM¨Zv †hgb AvewZ©Z nq wewfbœ wel‡qi
wewfbœ welqe¯‧ wN‡i †Zgwb wkÿ‡Ki †hvM¨ZvI wbiƒwcZ nq wkÿv_©xi †hvM¨Zv AR©‡b wkÿ‡Ki gywÝqvbvi wbwi‡L| ZvB
we`¨vjq I †kÖwYKÿ‡K wfwË K‡i wkÿK †hvM¨Zvi Av‡jv‡K wkÿ‡Ki avivevwnK DbœqbB †Kej Zuv‡K †cu․‡Q w`‡Z cv‡i
G †ckvi Kvw•ÿZ wkL‡i|
(Z_¨m~Î : BD Avi wm Kg©KZ©v‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœq‡b D”PZi cÖwkÿY Z_¨cyw¯ÍKv-2014)
142
 cÖavb wkÿK‡ì Rb¨ wjWviwkc cÖwkÿY :
cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯ vq cÖavb wkÿK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡Kb| we`¨vjq ch©v‡q wkÿvi ¸YMZ
gv‡bvbœq‡b cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki †bZ…Z¡ Ab¯^xKvh©| †bZv wn‡m‡e cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki wewfbœ f~wgKvq AeZxY© n‡Z nq|
we`¨vjq ch©v‡q GKRb †bZv wn‡m‡e wZwb wkÿ‡Ki †ckvMZ Dbœqb, wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb Z¡ivwš^Z I wbwðZ
AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi gv‡bvbœq‡bi Rb¨ `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| we`¨vjq ch©v‡q
my`ÿ †bZv wn‡m‡e cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki Kvh©Ki †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`v‡b mÿgZv AR©‡bi mnvqZvi Rb¨ wjWviwkc cÖwkÿ‡Yi
eë¯ v Kiv n‡q‡Q|wkÿK‡ì †bZv wn‡m‡e we`¨vjq ch©v‡q cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki †bZ…Z¡ weKv‡ki welqwU wkÿv
we‡klÁ, wkÿv M‡elK I wkÿvwe` KZ…©K ¯^xK…Z|
GB cÖwkÿ‡Yi †gvU †gqv`Kvj 21 w`b| cÖwkÿYwU wZbwU ch©v‡q cwiPvwjZ nq| cÖ_g ch©v‡q 9 w`b gy‡LvgywL
Awa‡ekb nq| GB ch©v‡q cÖ_g 6 w`b gy‡LvgywL Awa‡ekb †k‡l 1w`b (mßg w`b) AskMÖnYKvix wkÿKMY
wba©vwiZ AMÖMvgx we`¨vjq ch©‡eÿY K‡ib| we`¨vjq ch©‡eÿY †k‡l Hw`b AskMÖnYKvixMY cÖwkÿY †K‡›`ª
wd‡i Av‡mb Ges c‡ii 2w`b (Aóg-beg) c~bivq AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Rb¨ gy‡LvgywL Awa‡ekb cwiPvwjZ nq|
cÖ_g ch©v‡qi 9g w`b (1g-9g) cÖwkÿ‡Yi ci wØZxq ch©v‡q AskMÖnYKvix wkÿKMY ¯^ ¯^ we`¨vj‡q 7
Kg©wèm mgqKvj cÖwkÿY cÖ`Ë we`¨vjq wfwËK Kg©Kv‡Ð AskMÖnY, ch©‡eÿY I we‡kølYwfwËK AwfÁZv
AR©b K‡ib|
Z…Zxq ch©v‡q AskMÖnYKvix wkÿKMY 5g w`b gy‡LvgywL Awa‡ek‡b cÖwZdjbg~jK Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY K‡ib|
GB cÖwkÿY g~jZ AskMÖnYKvix †Kw›`ªK| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvKvix mnvq‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| G
cÖwkÿ‡Yi welqe¯‧mg~n AskMÖnYKvix wkÿK‡ì jä ev¯Íe AwfÁZv wbf©i Bmy¨/mgm¨v‡K wfwË K‡i
cwiPvwjZ nq| G‡ÿ‡Î AskMÖnYKvix wkÿKMY ci¯ú‡ii AwfÁZv Av‡jvPbv K‡ib Ges mnvqK Av‡jvPbvi
welqe¯‧‡K MvBW K‡ib †hb Zv Awa‡ek‡bi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ D‡Ï‡kï mv‡_ cÖvmswMK nq| mnvqK GKRb
mgš^qK wn‡m‡e AskMÖnYKvix‡ì AwfÁZvi mv‡_ welqe¯‧i ZË¡xq welqvw` mgš^q K‡ib|
G cÖwkÿ‡Y Av‡jvPbv, `jxqKvR, e¨w³MZ Abykxjb, cÖ`k©bg~jK Kvh©µg, Dc¯ vcb, AwfÁZv wewbgq,
weZK©, f~wgKvwfbq, †gjv, bvbvwea wg_w®…qv c×wZ I †K․kj eënvi Kiv nq|
7.4 : NAPE-G Kg©KZ©v‡ì cÖwkÿY

BDwbU 4.2 G NAPE-m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †b‡ci Kg©cwiwai g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii wewfbœ
Kg©KZ©v‡ì ¯^í I `xN©‡gqvw` cÖwkÿ‡Yi eë¯ v| cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸YMZ gvb e„w×, mwVK ev¯Íevqb I gvV ch©v‡qi
Kg©KZ©v‡ì Kg©`ÿZv e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ †bc KZ©„K cwiPvwjZ †h mKj cÖwkÿY cwiPvwjZ n‡q _v‡K Zv wb¤œiƒc :
µwgK cÖwkÿ‡Yi bvg †gqv` cÖwkÿY MÖnYKvix

bs
1 bewbhy³ Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi Rb¨ Iwi‡q‡›Ukb †Kvm© 1 gvm cÖv_wgK wkÿvi gvVch©v‡qi Rbej
2 cÖv_wgK wkÿvi wewfbœ ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi Rb¨ 1 gvm BÝUªv±i, BDBI, mycvi, wWwcBI, mnmycvi
†g․wjK/ eywbqvw` cÖwkÿY GwWwcBI, GBDBI, BDAviwm BÝUªv±i, mnKvwi
BÝUªv±i|
143
3 wcwUAvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W‡›Ui Rb¨ evwl©K Kg©cwiKíbv 3 w`b wcwUAvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U
Ges wcwUAvB cwiPvjbvi cÖwkÿY
4 cÖv_wgK wkÿvi gvV ch©v‡qi cÖkvm‡bi Kg©KZ©v †Rjv/ 3w`b †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi‡ì cÖwkÿY (Training on
quality primary education and field level
administration for DPEOs)
5 Awdm eë¯ vcbv welqK cÖwkÿY 5 w`b cÖv_wgK wkÿvi gvV ch©v‡qi Rbej
6 AvBwmwU/ Kw¤úDUvi welqK cÖwkÿY 5/ cÖv_wgK wkÿvi gvV ch©v‡qi Rbej
7/10
w`b
7 cÖwkÿK cÖwkÿY (TOT), wkÿv cÖkvmKM‡Yi 5w`b/1 BÝUªv±i, BDBI, GBDBI
†ckvMZ gv‡bvbœqb welqK cÖwkÿY gvm/ 7
w`b
8 Ab¨vb¨ gš¿Yvjq/ wefvM/ cÖwZôv‡bi c‡ÿ cwiPvwjZ Pvwn`vgZ Pvwn`vgZ
†UBji‡gW †Kvm©
9 wcwUAvB BÝUªv±i‡ì Rb¨ welqwfwËK cÖwkÿ‡Yi 7/ 15 wcwUAvB BÝUªv±i
eë¯ v w`b
bewbhy³ Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi Rb¨ Iwi‡q‡›Ukb †Kvm© :

cÖv_wgK wkÿvi gvVch©v‡qi Rbe‡ji (Kg©KZ©v) g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q mnKvix BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±i, BDAviwm/wUAviwm
BÝUªv±i, mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi, Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi, wcwUAvB BÝUªv±i, mnKvix †Rjv cÖv_wgK
wkÿv Awdmvi, mnKvix mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U, †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi I wcwUAvB mycvwib‡U‡W›U| GmKj Kg©KZ©vMY
gvVch©v‡qi ¯^ ¯^ cÖwZôv‡bi AvIZvaxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖkvmb, cÖwkÿY, cwi`k©b, gwbUwis, djveZ©b I d‡jvAvc
Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ges ev¯Íevq‡b wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Qb| GmKj Kg©KZ©vMY wKQzmsL¨K mivmwi I wKQzmsL¨K c‡`vbœwZi
gva¨‡g wb‡qvMcÖvß n‡q _v‡Kb| wb‡qvMcÖvwßi 1 erm‡ii g‡a¨ A_ev wb‡qvMc‡Îi DwjøwLZ kZ© †gvZv‡eK †b‡c wbw`©ó
mg‡qi g‡a¨ Iwi‡q‡›Ukb †Kv‡m© AskMÖnY K‡i cÖwkÿY MÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb|
†Kv‡m©i mgqKvj : 30 w`b|
†Kv‡m©i welqe¯‘ :
cÖvwZôvwbK Z_¨ I ZË¡ : Awdm eë¯ vcbv,GKv‡WwgK ixwZbxwZ,Kjv‡K․kj Ges ¯ vbxq cÖkvmb I RbM‡Yi mv‡_
†hvMv‡hvM BZ¨vw`|
miKvwi wewaweavb :
miKvwi Kg©Pvwi (AvPiY) wewagvjv 1979, miKvwi Kg©Pvwi (we‡kl weavb) Aa¨v‡`k, 1979, miKvwi Kg©Pvwi (k„•Ljv I
Avwcj) wewagvjv 1985, MYKg©Pvwi k„•Ljv (wbqwgZ Dcw¯ wZ) Aa¨v‡`k 1982, QzwU wewagvjv, ågY fvZv wewagvjv,
PvKzwii †iKW© I evwl©K †Mvcbxq Aby‡e`b dig c~iY, A_© eë¯ vcbv, bw_ eë¯ vcbv I †bvU wjLb c×wZ, cÖkvm‡b
•bwZKZv I wkóvPvi Ges ï×vPvi|
c×wZ I cÖwkÿY †K․kj

†Lvjv Av‡jvPbv, c¨v‡bj Av‡jvPbv, †QvU MÖæcKvR, wmgy¨‡jkb, cÖ`k©b, †Rvovq KvR, AskMÖnY, Re †eRW Uv¯‥,
wWweªwds, wdì wfwRU, j¨ve IqvK©, f~wgKvwfbq|
144
cÖv_wgK wkÿvi wewfbœ ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi Rb¨ †g․wjK/ eywbqvw` cÖwkÿY :
cÖv_wgK wkÿvi wewfbœ ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©v‡ì g‡a¨ we‡kl K‡i bewbhy³ BÝUªv±i, BDBI, mycvi, wWwcBI, mnmycvi,
GwWwcBI, GBDBI, BDAviwm BÝUªv±i, mnKvix BÝUªv±iM‡Yi †g․wjK/eywbqvw` cÖwkÿY †b‡c AbywôZ n‡q _v‡K|
G cÖwkÿ‡Yi †gqv` 30 w`b|
†Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨ :
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿvi mv‡_ AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cwiwPZ Kiv|
 wewfbœ wkÿY wkLb c×wZ I †K․kj m¤ú‡K© mycwiwPZ Kiv|
 cÖwkÿY I cÖwkÿY eë¯ vcbvi wewfbœ w`K Ávb, `ÿZv Ges g‡bvfve DbœZ Ki‡Z|
 Awdm I Avw_©K eë¯ vcbvq `ÿZv weKvk|
 PvKzwi wewa I Avw_©K wbqg m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì aviYv cÖ`vb|
 `yb©xwZ we‡ivax AvBb¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì m‡PZb Kiv|
 f~wg cwiPvjbvi mv‡_ cwiwPwZ n‡Z|
 wj½MZ mgm¨v¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì m‡PZb Kiv|
 †ckvMZ `ÿZvi Dbœqb
 †bZ…Z¡ I eë¯ vcbv `ÿZvi Dbœqb
 AvBwmwU `ÿZvi Dbœqb
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿvi BwZnvm
 cÖv_wgK wkÿvi cvV¨µg
 wkÿYweÁvb
 wkÿvbxwZ
 bxwZkv¯¿ I •bwZKZv
 RbcÖkvm‡b g~j¨‡eva
 cÖwkÿY I cÖwkÿY eë¯ vcbv
 wkÿY I wkLb c×wZ Ges †K․kj
 Bs‡iwR fvlv `ÿZv (ELS)
 cÖwkÿ‡Ki †hvM¨Zv I wkÿK †hvM¨Zv
 GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb, ch©‡eÿY Ges civgk©`vb
 Awdm g¨v‡bR‡g›U : Awd‡mi †jAvDU, KvR mijxKiY, †iKW© eë¯ vcbv, Awdm †hvMv‡hvM, mfv cwiPvjbv,
Kv‡Ri KvMR •Zwi Ges mfvi Kv‡h© weeiYx †jLv BZ¨vw`|
 Avw_©K eë¯ vcbv : wbixÿv cwiPvjbv, †eZb wba©viY, QzwU wewa, †cbkb iæjm Ges wcwcAvi-2008 BZ¨vw`|
 f~wg eë¯ vcbv (†iKW©, Rixc I cwieZ©b)
 wcwUAvB Gi wm-B-GW/wWwcGW cixÿvi Kvh©Kix eë¯ vcbv|
 miKvix Kg©Pvix (k„•Ljv I Avcxj) AvBb 1985, miKvwi Kg©Pvix (AvPiY) wbqg,1979| miKvix Kg©Pvix
(mgqwbô Dcw¯ wZ) Aa¨v‡`k, 1982 BZ¨vw`|
145
 `yb©xwZ we‡ivax AvBb
 GwKf~Z wkÿv
 wj½ mgm¨v
 `y‡h©vM e¨ve¯ vcbv
 jvB‡eªwi KvR
 mn-cvVµwgK Kvh©vejx
 eB ch©v‡jvPbv
 wdì wfwRU
 kvixwiK KwÛkwbs Ges †Mgm
 GgGm Awdm IqvW©, BDwb‡KvW evsjv mdUIqvi|
 B›Uvi‡bU, †bUIqvwK©s, mvBU eªvDwRs Ges WvBb‡jvW, B-Mf‡b©m, I‡qe †cvU©vj (RvZxq)|
 nvW©Iqvi †ewmK
†Lvjv Av‡jvPbv, c¨v‡bj Av‡jvPbv, †QvU MÖæcKvR, wmgy¨‡jkb, cÖ`k©b, †Rvovq KvR, AskMÖnY, Re †eRW Uv¯‥,
wWweªwds, wdì wfwRU, j¨ve IqvK©, f~wgKvwfbq|
wcwUAvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W‡›Ui Rb¨ evwl©K Kg©cwiKíbv Ges wcwUAvB cwiPvjbvi cÖwkÿY :

wcwUAvBmg~‡n cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi bewbhy³ wkÿK‡ì †ò ermi e¨vwc wWwcGW wkÿv †Kvm© I wbw`©ó K‡qKwU
wcwUAvB‡Z GK ermi e¨vcx wm-Bb-GW cÖwkÿY Pjgvb i‡q‡Q| cÖwkÿY Kvh©µ‡gi mylg cwiPvjb I cwiKíbv Abyhvqx
Pjgvb ivLvi Rb¨ cÖwZ ermi †mkb Pjvi ïiæ‡ZB mKj wcwUAvB mycvi‡ì wb‡q †b‡c 3w`b e¨vcx Kg©kvjvi Av‡qvRb
Kiv n‡q _v‡K| GLv‡b e‡mB wVK Kiv nq wcwUAvBmg~‡ni evwl©K Kg©cwiKíbv I cwiPvjb bxwZgvjv| wcwUAvB
mycviMY Zvu‡ì gZvgZ I AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g Ges miKvi KZ…K © †evW© Ae Mfb‡m©i bxwZgvjvi Av‡jv‡K
me©m¤§wZµ‡g cieZ©x eQ‡ii Rb¨ evwl©K Kg©cwiKíbv Ges wcwUAvB cwiPvjb bxwZgvjv P~ovšÍ Kiv nq|
†Kv‡m©i mgqKvj : 3w`b|
†Kv‡m©i cÖK…wZ : AvevwmK I eva¨Zvg~jK|
 wcwUAvB cÖwkÿY (wWwcGW/wm-Bb-GW) cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ evwl©K Kg©cwiKíbv Dbœqb Ki‡Z
 MVbg~jK c×wZi (constructivity approach) mv‡_ cwiwPwZ nIqvi Rb¨
 †hvM¨ZvwfwËK †U÷ AvB‡Ug Ges g~j¨vq‡bi m‡½ cwiPq Kwi‡q w`‡Z
 wWwcGW Gi g~j¨vqb wel‡q `ÿZv Dbœq‡bi Rb¨
 wbW †eRW mve K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z
 RvZxq Bw›UwMÖwU cwjwm, Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb, 2009 BZ¨vw` mgmvgwqK welq¸wji mv‡_ cwiwPwZ nIqv|
146
 wWwcGW Ges wm-Bb-GW cixÿvi eë¯ vcbv
 wWwcGW †cÖvMÖv‡gi A¨v‡mm‡g›U wm‡÷g
 wkÿv`vb c×wZ, †K․kj Ges ¯‥zj welq cvV`vb †K․kj
 wcwUAvB cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ evwl©K cwiKíbv
 wWwcGW msµvšÍ g~j mgm¨v¸‡jv
 †hvM¨ZvwfwËK †U÷ AvB‡Ug Ges g~j¨vqb
 bvix Dbœqb bxwZgvjv
 GwKf~Z wkÿv Ges AwURg
 cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv
 b¨vkbvj Bw›UwMÖwU cwjwm
 Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb, 2009
 AvBwmwU Bb cÖvBgvwi GWz‡Kkb g¨v‡bR‡g›U|

†Lvjv Av‡jvPbv, c¨v‡bj Av‡jvPbv, †QvU `‡j KvR, Demonstration and display, †Rvovq KvR, Debriefing,
AskMÖnYg~jK KvR, Re †eRW Uv¯‥, cÖvw±Kvj|
cÖv_wgK wkÿvi gvV ch©v‡qi cÖkvm‡bi Kg©KZ©v/†Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi‡ì cÖwkÿY
cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖkvm‡bi gvV ch©v‡qi cÖavb cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v n‡jb †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi| gvb m¤§Z cÖv_wgK
wkÿvi ¸YMZ gvb eRvq ivLvi cÖavb `vwqZ¡ †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmv‡ii| wZwb Zvui †Rjvi Aaxb¯  mKj
Kg©KZ©v‡ì mgš^‡q G ¸iæ `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i _v‡Kb| cwieZ©bkxj mgv‡Ri Pvwn`v Ges Pjgvb we‡k¦i mv‡_ Zvj
wgwj‡q Pj‡Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi weKí †bB| beZi a¨vb aviYv, wWwRUvj cÖhyw³i eënvi, †ckvMZ `ÿZv e„w×, AvaywbK wkÿv
I wkÿv cÖkvmwbK c×wZ Ges Kjv †K․k‡ji Ici †b‡c †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi‡ì cÖwkÿ‡Yi A‡qvRb Kiv n‡q
_v‡K|

¯’vb : †bc, gqgbwmsn|
 †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœq‡bi cÖwZ `„wófw½ Ges gvbwmKZv cwieZ©b Kiv|
 mykvmb eë¯ vcbvi aviYv cÖ`vb|
 wWwcGW †cÖvMÖv‡gi mv‡_ hy³ Ki‡Z|
 †hvM¨ZvwfwËK †U÷ AvB‡U‡gi aviYv cÖ`vb Kiv|
147
 gvbm¤§Z cÖv_wgK wkÿv
 bxwZkv¯¿ I •bwZKZv
 mykvmb: aviYv Ges bxwZ
 ¯^”QZv Ges Revew`wnZv
 `yb©xwZ `gb Kwgkb AvBb2004
 wWwcGW
 †hvM¨ZvwfwËK †U÷ AvB‡Ug Ges cÖv_wgK mgvcbx cixÿv|
 b¨vkbvj Bw›UwMÖwU cwjwm
 Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb 2009
c×wZ I cÖwkÿY †K․kj :

Av‡jvPbv, wcqvi †kqvwis, `jxq KvR, `jxq/c„_K Dc¯ vcbv|
Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv AwdmviM‡Yi Rb¨ Awdm g¨v‡bR‡g›U cÖwkÿY

gvV ch©v‡qi cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖkvm‡bi MyiæZ¡c~Y© I m`ve¨¯ÍZg Kg©KZ©v n‡jb Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi| wZwb n‡jb
cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii mKj cÖKvi AvBb-Kvbyb, bxwZ, †K․kj ev¯ÍevqbKvix gvV
ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©v| Zvui gva¨‡g miKv‡ii GKv‡WwgK I cÖkvmwbK cwjwm gvV ch©v‡q ev¯ÍevwqZ nq| G mKj Kg©KvÐ
mwVK cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Dc‡Rjv _vbv wkÿv Awdmvi‡ì wewfbœgyLx cÖwkÿY| Awdm g¨v‡bR‡g›U Dc‡Rjv _vbv
wkÿv Awdmvi‡ì GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖwkÿY hv †b‡c AbywôZ n‡q _v‡K|

 Awdm eë¯ vcbv I Avw_©K eë¯ vcbvq `ÿZv cÖ`k©b Kiv|

 wefvMxq cÖwmwWs‡mi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z AvbyôvwbKZv e¨vL¨v Kiv|
 AskMÖnYKvix‡ì `yb©xwZwe‡ivax Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv •Zwi Kiv|
 Awdm g¨v‡bR‡g›U : Awd‡mi †jAvDU, KvR mijxKiY, †iKW© eë¯ vcbv, Awdm †hvMv‡hvM, mfv cwiPvjbv,
Kv‡Ri KvMR •Zwi Ges mfvi Kvh© weeiYx †jLv BZ¨vw`|
 Avw_©K eë¯’vcbv : LiP wbqš¿Y, AwWU n¨v‡Ûwjs, Avw_©K wewa-weavb, †eZb wba©viY, QzwU wewa BZ¨vw`|
 miKvwi Kg©Pvix (k„•Ljv I Avcxj) AvBb 1985, miKvix Kg©Pvix (AvPiY) wbqg, 1979|
 µq weµq bxwZgvjv (cvewjK cÖwµqi‡g›U A¨v±)-2008|
 `yb©xwZ cÖwZ‡iva I wbqg Ges cÖweavb msµvšÍ|
148
AskMÖnY, Db¥y³ Av‡jvPbv, mivmwi c×wZ, wmgy¨‡jkb, cÖ`k©b, c¨v‡bj A‡jvPbv, cÖkœ I DËi, f~wgKvwfbq, gw¯Í®‥ So,
wi‡cvU©, ch©‡eÿY, †QvU `‡j KvR I †h․_ KvR|
mnKvix †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi I mnKvix mycvwib‡Ub‡W›UM‡Yi AvBwmwU/ Kw¤úDUvi

welqK cÖwkÿY :
gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©v‡ì wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k Movi j‡ÿ¨ Z_¨ I cÖhyw³ weÁv‡b `ÿ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ AvBwmwU/Kw¤úDUvi
wel‡q cÖwkÿY`vb AZ¨šÍ Riæwi| G D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L miKvi gvV ch©v‡qi mKj ¯Í‡ii Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix‡ì
AvBwmwU welqK cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb Ki‡Z D‡`¨vM wb‡q‡Qb| GiB Ask wn‡m‡e †bc mnKvix †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi I
mnKvix mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U M‡Yi AvBwmwU/ Kw¤úDUvi welqK cÖwkÿY Av‡qvRb K‡i|

cÖv_wgK wkÿvq AvBwmwU `ÿZv evov‡bv|
 GgGm Awdm IqvW©, BDwb‡KvW evsjv mdUIqvi|

 B›Uvi‡bU, †bUIqvwK©s, mvBU eªvDwRs Ges WvBb‡jvW, B-Mf‡b©m, I‡qe †cvU©vj (RvZxq)|
 nvW©Iqvi †ewmK

gy³ Av‡jvPbv, c¨v‡bj Av‡jvPbv, †QvU MÖæcKvR, cÖ`k©b, †Rvovq KvR, AskMÖnY, Re †eRW Uv¯‥, j¨ve IqvK©|
DcwiwjøwLZ cÖwkÿY QvovI †b‡cÑ

 wcwUAvB BÝUªv±i‡ì Rb¨ welqwfwËK cÖwkÿY,
 wWwcGW msµvšÍ wewfbœ ¯^í I `xN©‡gqvw` cÖwkÿY AbywôZ n‡q _v‡K|
 cÖv_wgK wkÿv mswkøó Kg©KZ©v e¨wZZ Ab¨vb¨ gš¿Yvjq/ wefvM/ cÖwZôv‡bi c‡ÿ cwiPvwjZ
†UBji‡gW †Kvm©I AbywôZ n‡q _v‡K|
(Z_¨m~Î : †bc, cÖwkÿY cwÄKv, 2016-17)
149
cÖkœgvjv : 7
K) mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. wm-Bb-GW cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ Kx ?
2. wm-Bb-GW cÖwkÿ‡Yi ÔÔcÖv_wgK wkÿvi bxwZ I aviYvÕÕ welqK gWy¨‡j Kx Kx welq AšÍfy©³ wQj ?
3. wWwcGW Kg©m~wPi jÿ¨ Kx ?
4. wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i •ewkó¨¸‡jv D‡jøL Kiæb |
5. wWwcGW †Kv‡m© Kx Kx welq AšÍfy©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q ?
6. Pvwn`vwfwËK mve-K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ Kx ?
7. †b‡c gvV ch©v‡qi †h mKj Kg©KZ©©v‡ì cÖwkÿY nq Giƒc Pvi ai‡bi Kg©KZ©©vi cèx D‡jøL Kiæb|
L) iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :-
1. wm.Bb.GW wkÿvµg KvVv‡gv eY©bv Kiæb|

2. wm.Bb.GW wkÿvµg KvVv‡gv ev¯Íevqb cÖwµqv eY©bv Kiæb|
3. wWwcGW Kg©m~wPi KvVv‡gv eY©bv Kiæb|
4.m¤ú~Y© wWwcGW Kg©m~wP KqwU Uv‡g© cwiPvwjZ nq ? Uvg©¸‡jvi Kvh©vewj eY©bv Kiæb|
5.mve-K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿY ev¯Íevqb cÖwµqvi avcmg~n D‡jøL Kiæb|
6. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi wewfbœ ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi Rb¨ †g․wjK/ eywbqvw` cÖwkÿY †Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨,welqe¯‧ , c×wZ I
cÖwkÿY †K․kj eY©bv Kiæb|
Z_¨m~Î :
1. Avãyjøvn, wgR©v †gvt I Ab¨vb¨ (2014), BDAviwm Kg©KZ©v‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœq‡b D”PZi cÖwkÿY-
Z_¨cy¯ÍK, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi|
2. Avjx, †gvt iRe I Ab¨vb¨ (2002), evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿv: bxwZ, †K․kj I msMVb, RvZxq cÖv_wgK
wkÿv GKv‡Wwg|
3. AvjgMxi, †gvt I Ab¨vb¨ (2016), wcwUAvB BÝUªv±iM‡Yi †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœqb welqK cÖwkÿY Z_¨cy¯ÍK,
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi|
4. Gnmvb, Aveyj I Ab¨vb¨ (2015), wWwcGW cÖwkÿYv_x©‡ì Rb¨ †ckvMZ wkÿv-wØZxq LÐ, RvZxq cÖv_wgK
wkÿv GKv‡Wwg|
5. †g‡niæ‡bœQv, wg‡mm I Ab¨vb¨ (2015), wWwcGW cÖwkÿYv_x©‡ì Rb¨ †ckvMZ wkÿv Ñ cÖ_g LÐ, RvZxq
cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg|
6. ingvb, Gm.Gg. gwdRyi I Ab¨vb¨ (2015), wcwUAvB g¨v‡bR‡g›U n¨vÛeyK , †bc, gqgbwmsn|
7. Avãyjøvn,wgR©v I Ab¨vb¨ (2014) BD Avi wm Kg©KZ©v‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœq‡b D”PZi cÖwkÿY
Z_¨cyw¯ÍKv|
8. †bc, cÖwkÿY cwÄKv, 2016-17|
150
BDwbU 8 : wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ
†Kv‡bv †kÖwY‡Z cvV`vb Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ_‡gB g‡b nq Kx welqe¯‧ cov‡Z n‡e, Kv‡ì‡K cov‡Z n‡e, Kx D‡Ï‡k¨ cov‡Z
n‡e, Kxfv‡e cov‡Z n‡e, Kx DcKiY eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e BZ¨vw`| Gme wKQz wPšÍv K‡i hLb GKRb wkÿK cÖ¯w‧ Z wb‡q
†kÖwY K‡ÿ hvb ZLb wZwb wewfbœ †K․kj Aej¤^b K‡i cvV`vb Ki‡j cvV`vb I cvVMÖnY mnRZi I ü`qMÖvnx nq|
ü`qMÖvnx wkÿv `xN© mgq ¯§„wZ‡Z Rgv _v‡K|
Kv‡RB GKRb wkÿK hLb †h cš’v ev †K․kj Aej¤^b K‡i GKwU cvV‡K wkÿv_©xi Kv‡Q mnRZi I ü`qMÖvnx K‡ib,
ZLb Zv‡K wkLb †kvLv‡bv c×wZ ejv nq| A_©vr wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ‡K GK ai‡bi †K․kj ejv nq| Z‡e AvaywbK
A‡_© c×wZ I †K․k‡ji g‡a¨ wKQzUv cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| †hgbÑ bZyb welq †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ wkÿK Kxfv‡e wkÿv_©x‡ì AvMÖn
m„wó Ki‡eb, Kxfv‡e welqe¯‧i ¯^”Q aviYv w`‡eb, Kxfv‡e DcKiY eënvi Ki‡eb, Kxfv‡e A½fw½i eënvi Ki‡eb
BZ¨vw` †K․k‡ji AšÍfy©³| c×wZ‡K Kvh©Kix Kivi Rb¨ †K․kj Aej¤^‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq| A_©vr wkÿK Kxfv‡e I Kx
ixwZ AbymiY K‡i c×wZ‡K Kvh©Ki Ki‡eb Zv‡KB †K․kj ejv nq| wkÿK hw` `ÿZvi mv‡_ †K․kj Aej¤^b bv K‡ib
Z‡e wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb Am¤ú~Y© †_‡K hv‡e| myZivs cv‡Vi welqe¯‧ Abyhvqx †Kvb c×wZ‡Z †Kvb †Kvb †K․kj Aej¤^b
Ki‡j wkÿv_©xi Ávb, `ÿZv I `„wófw½ AR©‡b mnvqZv K‡i Zv wkÿK‡KB wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e|
wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg h_vh_fv‡e m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb nq bvbv iK‡gi c×wZ I Kjv‡K․k‡ji| †Kv‡bv c×wZ‡KB
GKKfv‡e wkLb †kLv‡bvi Kv‡R eënvi Kiv m¤¢e bq| GKB cv‡V wewfbœ aviYv M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ GKvwaK c×wZi
eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ GKRb wkÿ‡Ki wewfbœ wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ m¤ú‡K© mg¨K aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e|
G †cÖwÿ‡Z GB BDwbU‡K cuvPwU mve BDwbU-G fvM K‡i wewfbœ wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ wee„Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb:
8.1 eûgyLx wkLb c×wZ

8.2 cÖ`k©b c×wZ
8.3 cixÿY c×wZ I Avwe®‥vi c×wZ
8.4 ch©‡eÿY c×wZ
8.5 Lesson Study Network
8.1 eûgyLx wkLb c×wZ

wkï‡ì Rvbvi AvMÖn Amxg| wkïiv bvbv wel‡q Rvb‡Z Pvq wewfbœfv‡e| wkkyiv †k‡LI wewfbœfv‡e| †KD †`‡L, †KD
ï‡b, †KD a‡i, †KD wKQz •Zwi K‡i, †KD AbymiY K‡i, †KD Mv‡bi gva¨‡g †k‡L| hv †nvK wfbœ wfbœ wkï wfbœ wfbœ
fv‡e †k‡L| wkïi Rvbvi ev †kLvi eûgyLx cÖ‡Póvi Dci wfwË K‡i gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi nvfv©W© wek¦we`¨vj‡qi g‡bvweÁvbx
cÖ‡dmi nvIqvW© MvW©bvi eûgyLx wkLb ZË¡ (Multiple Ways of Teaching and Learning- MWTL) D™¢veb K‡ib|
wZwbB me©cÖ_g e‡jb †hÑ wkL‡bi eûgyLx †K․kj wkïi eû eyw×gËvi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³| wZwb AviI e‡jb †h, eûgyLx
eyw×gËv eënvi K‡i wkï cÖvß Z_¨mg~n gw¯Í‡®‥ cÖwµqvRvZ K‡i|
151
gw¯Í‡®‥i Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi ÿgZvB n‡”Q eyw×gËv|
Zuvi g‡Z gvby‡li Kgc‡ÿ AvU ai‡bi eyw×gËv i‡q‡Q (AviI _vK‡Z cv‡i)| cÖwZwU eyw×gËvi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q wfbœ wfbœ
jÿY| G Z‡Ë¡ AviI ejv n‡q‡Q †h, gvby‡li G eyw×gËv¸‡jv gw¯Í‡®‥i KZK¸‡jv wbw`©ó ¯ v‡b we`¨gvb _v‡K| cÖ‡Z¨K
gvby‡li g‡a¨ G eyw×gËv¸‡jv wKQy jÿY AvKv‡i cÖKvk cvq| G jÿY †`‡L Avgiv cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki eyyw×gËvi cÖKvi m¤ú‡K©
aviYv jvf Ki‡Z cvwi| †hgb Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ †KD c‡o †Kv‡bv welq AvqË K‡i, †KDev ï‡b, †KD Qwe ev wfwWI †`‡L
wkL‡Z cQ›` K‡i| wkL‡bi †ÿ‡Î G eyw×gËv¸‡jvi Abb¨ f~wgKv i‡q‡Q|
nvIqvW© MvW©bvi †`‡L‡Qb †h, eyw×gËvi jÿY Abymv‡i wbw`©ó †K․kj I Kvh©µg cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j wkÿv_©xiv welqwU
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cwiPvjbv Ki‡j wkÿv_©xiv `ªæZ AvqË Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
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†Kv‡bvwU cÖej Ges †Kv‡bvwU cÖ”Qbœ Ae¯ vq _v‡K| AbyK~j cwi‡ek †c‡j cÖej eyw×gËv AviI cÖejZi n‡q cÖKvk cvq|
Avevi cÖ”Qbœ eyw×gËv mg~n‡K Dch©y³ Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g kw³kvjx Kiv hvq| wkL‡bi †ÿ‡Î G eyw×gËv¸‡jvi cÖf~Z
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wkLb Kx
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- wkÿvwe` Kimbu Will Zuvi Teaching for better schools kxl©K cy¯Í‡K wkL‡bi msÁv w`‡q‡Qb æThe
process of change in a person through interaction is learning”.
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152
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evavcÖvß nq ZLb †m evav AwZµg Ki‡Z Dcvq LuyR‡Z _v‡K| GiKg evav Avm‡j Zvi AwfÁZvi mvnv‡h¨ mn‡RB
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AwfcÖvq jÿ¨
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wkï‡ì †kLvi wewfbœ Dcvq

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n‡jv-
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 ch©‡eÿY K‡i †k‡L  Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g †k‡L
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eûgyLx wkLb c×wZ

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eyw×gËv¸‡jv n‡jv-
 †g․wLK I fvlve„Ëxq  Abyf~wZ I kvixie„Ëxq

 †h․w³K I MvwYwZK  AvšÍte¨w³K
 `„wó I Ae¯ vbg~jK  AšÍte¨w³K
 Q›` ev msMxZg~jK  cÖvK…wZK eyyw×gËv
153
eyw×gËvi jÿYmg~n I wkLb cÖwµqvq eyw×gËv eënvi Kivi m¤¢ve¨ Dcvq-
eyw×gËv jÿY kw³kvjx Kivi m¤¢ve¨ Dcvq
 †g․wLK I fvlve„Ëxq - ïb‡Z cQ›` K‡i| - Mí ejv|
- ej‡Z cQ›` K‡i| - Mí c‡o Ab¨‡K ïbv‡bv|
G eyw×gËv hv‡ì
- co‡Z cQ›` K‡i| - e¨w³, ¯ vb ev e¯‧i bvg ¯§iY K‡i ejvi
cÖej Zviv †kvbv,
- wjL‡Z cQ›` K‡i| cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Kiv|
ejv, covi gva¨‡g
- mn‡R evbvb K‡i| - †`qvj cwÎKv m¤úv`bv Kiv|
mn‡R †k‡L|
- Mí e‡j, Mí †j‡L| - Mí, KweZv ev cÖeÜ †jLv|
- mvejxj fvlvq welqe¯‧ Dc¯ vcb K‡i| - Rxe‡bi •`bw›`b NUbv wj‡L ivLv|
- kãfvÐvi †ewk I Zv h_vh_ eënvi K‡i| - weZK© Abyôv‡b AskMÖnY Kiv|
- ¸wQ‡q K_v e‡j| - mgm¨v ev NUbv eY©bv Kiv|
- ¯§iYkw³ †ewk nq| - †Kv‡bv welqe¯‧ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv|
- fv‡jv e³„Zv †`q| - KviI mvÿvrKvi MÖnY Kiv|
 †h․w³K I MvwYwZK - ¸Y‡Z Avb›` cvq| - wewfbœ cÖKvi A‡¼i †Ljv Kiv|
- e¯‧i mvnvh¨ QvovB †Kv‡bv wel‡q mn‡R - M‡íi wKQy Ask ï‡b c‡ii Ask •Zwi Kiv|
G eyw×gËv hv‡ì aviYv jvf K‡i| - hyw³ w`‡q cÖgvY Kiv|
cÖej Zviv msL¨v I - mswÿßZv cQ›` K‡i| - †Kv‡bv wKQy cixÿv wbixÿv Kiv|
bKkvi mvnv‡h¨ - hyw³ w`‡q wePvi-we‡ePbv K‡i| - mgm¨v mgvavb Kiv|
mn‡R †k‡L| - auvav I A‡¼i †Ljv cQ›` K‡i| - GKvwaK e¯‧i g‡a¨ mv`„k¨ •emv`„k¨ Luy‡R
- mvwR‡q ¸wQ‡q ivL‡Z cQ›` K‡i| †ei Kiv|
- mgm¨v mgvav‡b Avb›` cvq| - RxeRš‧ I MvQcvjv †kªYxKiY Kiv|
- mewKQy mvwR‡q ¸wQ‡q ivLv|
- K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi Kiv|
 `„wó I Ae¯’vbg~jK - Qwei welqe¯‧ m¤^‡Ü wPšÍv K‡i| - wewfbœ cÖKvi Qwei eënvi Kiv|
- Qwei mvnv‡h¨ g‡b iv‡L| - g~Kvwfbq Kiv|
G eyw×gËv hv‡ì - Qwe AuvK‡Z I is Ki‡Z fv‡jvev‡m| - †Kv‡bv wKQy wfbœ `„wó‡KvY †_‡K †`Lvi
cÖej Zviv Qwe, - cÖwZK…wZ evbv‡Z cQ›` K‡i| Rb¨ ¯ vb cwieZ©b Kiv|
†iLvwPÎ I - gvbwPÎ PvU© Ges bKkv mn‡R eyS‡Z - bKkv ev gvbwPÎ †_‡K cov ev AuvKv|
iƒc‡iLvi mvnv‡h¨ cv‡i| - is K‡i †Kv‡bv wKQyi cÖwZ `„wó AvKl©Y Kiv|
mn‡R †k‡L| - †Kv‡bv wKQyi wPÎ mn‡R Kíbv K‡i| - †kªwY‡Z †bvU Kivi †ÿ‡Î ÒgvBÛ g¨vwcsÓ
- iƒcK kã I evK¨ †ewk eënvi K‡i| †K․kj eënvi Kiv|
- ¯ vb cwiPq-Gi Dci †jLv|
- wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ Mí ejv|
 Q›` I msMxZg~jK - Zvj I j‡qi cÖwZ †ewk AvKl©Y _v‡K| - Mv‡bi gva¨‡g †kLv|
- myi I Q›` mn‡R g‡b cÖfve we¯Ívi - ev`¨hš¿ evRvb|
G eyw×gËv hv‡ì K‡i| - Mvb †jLv|
cÖej Zviv Qov, Q›` - Mvb cQ›` K‡i| KweZv I Qov Zv‡j - Q›` ev ev‡`ï Zv‡j Zv‡j †kLv|
I aŸwbi Zv‡j Zv‡j Zv‡j Ave„wË Ki‡Z cQ›` K‡i| - †Kv‡bv welq‡K Mv‡b iƒc †Ìqv|
mn‡R †k‡L| - cÖK…wZi wewfbœ kã ï‡b mn‡R AvK…ó - cv‡Vi welqe¯‧‡K Q›`gq Kiv|
nq| - msMx‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ wkw_j ev †Ubkbgy³
nIqv|
- bv‡Pi gy`ªv †kLv|
- Ab¨ welq‡K msMx‡Zi mv‡_ hy³ Kiv|
154
eyw×gËv jÿY kw³kvjx Kivi m¤¢ve¨ Dcvq
 Abyf~wZ I - †Ljvayjv cQ›` K‡i| - bovPov I †`․oSuvc K‡i †kLv|
kvixie„Ëxq - †Kv‡bv wKQy mn‡R m¤úk© Ki‡Z Pvq| - f~wgKv Awfbq Kiv|
- nv‡Z Kj‡g KvR Ki‡Z cQ›` K‡i| - Av½yj, nvZ ev cv‡qi cvZv w`‡q ¯ vb
G eyw×gËv hv‡ì - n¯Íwkí `ÿ nq| wRwb‡mi •`N©¨ I cÖ¯  gvcv|
cÖej Zviv kvixwiK - kixi I A½cÖZ¨‡½i Dci wb‡Ri h‡_ó - kixi ev kix‡ii wewfbœ A½cÖZ¨½ eënvi
Kjv‡K․kj I wbqš¿Y _v‡K| K‡i eY© kã I msL¨v cÖZxK •Zwi Kiv|
A½cÖZ½ eënvi - AskMÖnY K‡i mn‡R †k‡L| - wb‡Ri KvR wb‡R Kiv|
K‡i mn‡R †k‡L| - e¯‧ mn‡R wbqš¿Y K‡i| - kixi PP©v/e¨vqvg Kiv|
- ï‡b-‡`‡L †kLvi †P‡q wb‡R K‡i †k‡L - gvV cwi`k©b ev ch©‡eÿY Kiv|
I †ewk g‡b iv‡L|
 AvšÍte¨w³K - A‡bï g‡bi K_v mn‡R eyS‡Z cv‡i| - `‡j KvR Kiv|
- A‡bï m‡½ m¤úK© M‡o| - mn‡hvwMZvg~jK †Ljv ev Kv‡R AskMÖnY
G eyw×gËv hv‡ì - A‡bK eÜz evÜe _v‡K| Kiv|
cÖej Zviv A‡bï - SMov †gUv‡Z cQ›` K‡i| - Ab¨‡K †mev cÖ`vb Kiv|
m‡½ I `‡j KvR - A‡bï Kv‡R mvnv‡h¨ Kiv | - mvgvwRK Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv|
K‡i mn‡R †k‡L| - `‡j KvR Ki‡Z cQ›` K‡i| - mnKg©x‡ì KvR cwiPvjbv Kiv|
- mvgvwRK cwiw¯ wZ mn‡R eyS‡Z cv‡i| - wewfbœ e¯‧ I Ae¯ v‡bi g‡a¨ m¤úK© †ei Kiv|
 AšÍte¨w³K - GKvKx _vK‡Z cQ›` K‡i| - e¨w³MZ Wv‡qwi ivLv|
- Kg K_v e‡j| - wb‡Ri `ye©jZv I mejZv hvPvB Kiv|
G eyw×gËv hv‡ì - AwaK wPšÍv K‡i| - Mí I Dcb¨v‡mi Kíbv Kiv I †jLv|
cÖej Zviv GKvKx - wb‡R wb‡R wkL‡Z Pvq| - fwel¨r m¤ú‡K© Kíbv Kiv|
wPšÍv I KvR K‡i - wb‡Ri m¤^‡Ü m‡PZb _v‡K| - g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i †kvbv|
mn‡R †k‡L| - †Kv‡bv NUbvi c~e©vfvm mn‡R Abygvb - wb‡Ri Rxeb K_v ev NUbv †jLv|
Ki‡Z cv‡i| - wb‡Ri wkLb AwfÁZv †jLv|
- GKvKx Kv‡R Drmvnx nq|
- wb‡Ri mejZv I `ye©jZv mn‡R eyS‡Z
cv‡i|
- mvgvwRK Kg©KvÐ †_‡K wb‡R‡K `~‡i iv‡L|
 cÖvK…wZK eyw×gËv - MvQcvjv I cïcvwL ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z - cÖvK…wZK †m․›`h©gwÐZ ¯ vbmg~n åg‡Yi
cQ›` K‡i| mn‡hvwMZv Kiv|
G eyw×gËv hv‡ì - cïcvwL I MvQcvjvi •ewkó¨ wb‡q wPšÍv - MvQcvjv cïcvwLi ms¯ú‡k© †h‡Z my‡hvM
cÖej Zviv cÖK…wZi Ki‡Z cQ›` K‡i| m„wó Kiv|
MvQcvjv, cïcvwL - MvQcvjv I cïcvwL m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ msMÖn - MvQcvjv jvMv‡Z I msiÿ‡Y mn‡hvwMZv
m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ Z_¨ Ki‡Z cQ›` K‡i| Kiv|
msMÖn K‡i mn‡R - MvQ jvMv‡Z Ges hZœ Ki‡Z
†k‡L| fv‡jvev‡m|
- RxeRM‡Zi wewfbœ Z_¨ we‡kølY Ki‡Z
cQ›` K‡i|
- cÖvYx I Dw™¢` wb‡q M‡elYv Ki‡Z cQ›`
K‡i|
155
eûgyLx eyw×gËvi cÖ‡qv‡M wkLb Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv nq AvKl©Yxq, G‡Z wkïi myß cÖwZfvi ¯^xK…wZ †Ìqv nq Ges cÖwZwU
wkïi g‡a¨ †Rviv‡jv eyw×gËv‡K wkL‡bi Kv‡R eënvi Kiv hvq| d‡j wkLb cÖwµqv Avb›``vqK nq| Ab¨w`‡K †Kv‡bv
wkïi †hme eyw×gËv Kg, Ab¨‡ì †Rviv‡jv eyw×gËvi m‡½ wgkªwµqvq †m¸‡jvI kw³kvjx nq|
eûgyLx wkLb c×wZi myweav

 G c×wZ‡Z wewfbœ †K․kj †hgb Qwe †`‡L, ¯úk© K‡i, Q‡›ì Zv‡j, Awfbq K‡i, †Ljvi gva¨‡g, `jMZ KvR
K‡i wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv Kiv nq e‡j †kLv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î •ewPÎ¨ Av‡m| G‡Z wkÿv_©xiv wkL‡b Avb›`
cvq|
 GKB cvV eyw×gËv Abymv‡i wewfbœfv‡e Dc¯ vcb Kiv nq e‡j †kªwYi mKj wkïi wkLb mnR nq|
 wkLb Avb›``vqK I AvKl©Yxq n‡j wkÿv_©xi †kLvi AvMÖn ev‡o, d‡j wkLb djcÖm~ I ¯ vqx nq|
 G c×wZ‡Z wkÿv_©xiv †ewk mwµq _v‡K|
 G‡Z `jMZ Kv‡Ri my‡hvM I wkÿv_©x‡ì g‡a¨ cvi¯úvwiK mn‡hvwMZvi g‡bvfve M‡o I‡V|
 G c×wZ‡Z †kªwY‡Z GKvKx wPšÍv K‡i †Kv‡bv wKQy Ki‡Z ejv nq e‡j wkïi wPšÍv kw³i weKvk N‡U|
eûgyLx wkLb c×wZi Amyweav

 c~e© cÖ¯w‧ Z Qvov G c×wZ‡Z wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv Kiv KwVb|
 wkÿK‡K cÖ‡Z¨K eyw×gËvi jÿY I kw³kvjx Ki‡Yi Dcvq g‡b ivLvi Rb¨ m‡Pó _vK‡Z nq|
 GKB cv‡V A‡bK¸‡jv eyw×gËvi mswgkªY NUv‡bv RwUj I mgqmv‡cÿ|
 A‡bK¸‡jv †K․kj Aej¤^b Kivi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ mg‡q cvV †kl Ki‡Z Amyweav n‡Z cv‡i|
8.2 cÖ`k©b c×wZ

cv‡Vi †Kv‡bv welq‡K cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e DcKiY cÖ`k©b K‡i Dc¯’vc‡bi cÖwµqv‡K cÖ`k©b c×wZ e‡j| GLv‡b wkÿK cvV
mswkøó wewfbœ ai‡bi DcKiY cÖ`k©b K‡ib| †hgb †kÖwY K‡ÿ K‡qKwU ZvRv dzj G‡b dzj¸‡jv †kÖwYK‡ÿi mKj‡K
†`Lv‡bvi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡eb| Zvici dz‡ji wewfbœ Ask G‡K G‡K mbv³ Ki‡eb Ges mKj‡K †`Lv‡eb GUvB cÖ`k©b|
GB c×wZ‡Z ev¯Íe Ae¯ v †`‡L I K‡i †kLvi `ÿZv AR©b mnRZi nq| Avgiv †`‡L A‡bK wKQz wkwL|
G c×wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv wKQy cÖ`k©bKv‡j wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡ì welqe¯‧ Dcjwäi Rb¨ mn‡hvwMZv K‡ib| cÖwZwU av‡c Kx N‡U
Zv wkÿv_©xiv Abyaveb Ki‡Z cvi‡jv wK bv wkÿK Zv cÖkœ K‡i hvPvB K‡ib, NUbv e¨vL¨v K‡ib Zvici cieZ©x av‡c
AMÖmi nb| wkÿv_©xivI wewfbœfv‡e mwµq _v‡K, Zviv ch©‡eÿ‡Yi wfwË‡Z DËi †`q| Gfv‡e `jMZfv‡e welqe¯‧
Abyave‡bi †Póv K‡i| Zviv memgq mwµq †kªvZv, `k©K ev †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq DrmyK AskMÖnYKvix| wkÿv_©x‡ì KvR
nq Dc¯ vc‡bi cÖwZwU av‡c hv ejv n‡”Q ev NU‡Q Zv ch©‡eÿY Kiv, †bvU †bIqv, cÖ‡qvRbxq wPÎ AsKb Kiv I cÖvß
Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z hyw³c~Y© wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ nIqv|
†h †Kv‡bv welq wkÿvi †ÿ‡Î we‡kl K‡i weÁvb wkÿv AR©‡b G c×wZ LyeB Kvh©Ki| Avgv‡ì †`‡k we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z
wkÿv_©xi msL¨v A‡bK †ewk| KLbI KLbI ¯^í mg‡qi Kvi‡Y nv‡Z Kj‡g KvR K‡i wkL‡bi mnvqZvi Rb¨ mKj
wkÿv_©x‡K DcKiY I hš¿cvwZ mieivn Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| Avevi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv DcKiY GZ `vgx I wec`RbK †h
wkÿK‡K ZLb cÖ`k©b c×wZi Avkªq wb‡Z nq| weÁvb wkÿvi †ÿ‡Î ZvB G c×wZi Ae`vb Acwimxg|
156
cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ wb‡¤œv³ avç‡jv AbymiY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i :
 KÿwU h_vh_fv‡e cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ w`‡q wKsev miÄvg w`‡q mvRv‡Z n‡e|
 wkÿv_©xiv Kÿ mvRv‡bv‡Z AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
 cÖ`k©‡bi D‡Ïk¨ cwi®‥vifv‡e ej‡Z n‡e|
 cÖ`k©‡bi wel‡q †Kvb& †Kvb& av‡c AMÖmi n‡e Zvi eY©bv w`‡Z n‡e|
 wkÿv_©x‡ì wewfbœ `‡j fvM K‡i cÖwZwU avc AbymiY Kivi Rb¨ my‡hvM m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e|
 mg¯Í Kvh©vewji mvivsk ej‡Z n‡e|
 Kx welq wkÿvjvf K‡i‡Q †m¸‡jv‡K Av‡jvPbvq Avb‡Z n‡e|
 cÖ`k©‡bi g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖ`k©b c×wZ eënv‡ii †ÿÎ

†h mKj †ÿ‡Î cÖ`k©b c×wZ eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Zv n‡jv-
 Av‡jvwPZ wel‡qi Ici `ÿZv e„w×B †hLv‡b D‡Ïk¨ †mB †ÿ‡Î;
 AskMÖnYKvixiv †hLv‡b Av‡jvPbv ï‡b ev †bvU wj‡L KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i bv †mB †ÿ‡Î;
 AskMÖnYKvix‡ì AvZ¥wek¦vm evov‡bvi †ÿ‡Î;
 eënvwiK w`K †_‡K †hLv‡b wkÿv_©x‡ì `ÿZv e„w×i cÖ‡qvRb †`Lv †`q, †m‡ÿ‡Î GB c×wZ eënvi
Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
cÖ`k©b c×wZi myweav

 G c×wZ‡Z wkÿ‡Ki Rb¨ GKwU gvÎ DcKiY ev GK‡mU hš¿cvwZ n‡jB P‡j|
 wkÿK wb‡R DcKiY ev hš¿cvwZ eënvi K‡i mxwgZ mg‡q A‡bK wkÿv_©x‡K wkÿv w`‡Z cv‡ib|
 G c×wZ‡Z AskMÖnYKvixMY welqe¯‧ cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e †`Lvi my‡hvM cvq d‡j Zv‡ì Ávb AR©b mnR I
¯ vqx Ges Zv‡ì wek¦vm I `„wófw½i cwieZ©b Avbv mnR nq|
 ev¯Íe AwfÁZv AR©‡bi my‡hvM _vKvq wkÿv_©xiv mn‡RB DØy× nq Ges G‡Z Zv‡ì RoZv †K‡U hvq|
 cÖ`k©b c×wZ‡Z wkÿK‡K wkÿv_©x‡ì mn‡hvwMZv MÖnY Ki‡Z nq Ges cÖwZwU c`‡ÿ‡c wkÿv_©x‡ì cÖkœ
Kivi gva¨‡g G‡Mv‡Z nq| ZvB G c×wZ cvV`vb I cvV MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î AZ¨šÍ Kvh©Kix|
 G‡Z wkÿK I wkÿv_©x DfqB mwµq _v‡K| d‡j RwUj welq mn‡R †evSv‡bv hvq Ges wkLb djcÖm~
nq|
 G c×wZ‡Z wkÿv_©x‡ì wPšÍvaviv GKB Lv‡Z cÖevwnZ nq| KviY GLv‡b weÁvbm¤§Zfv‡e welqe¯‧
Dc¯ vcb Kiv nq| wkÿv_©xiv wkÿ‡Ki †g․wLK wee„wZ I Kvh©vewji g‡a¨ †hvMm~Î Luy‡R cvq| d‡j †kªwYi
mK‡ji †PvL, Kvb I gb‡K mRvM †i‡L welqe¯‧ Abyaveb, msÁv wbY©q, mgm¨v mgvavb I wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi
†Póv K‡i| G c×wZ‡Z hw` mycwiKwíZfv‡e welqe¯‧ wbe©vPb Kiv hvq Ges avivevwnKfv‡e †kªwY
Dc‡hvMx wkLb-†kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq, Zvn‡j mKj wkÿv_©x DcK…Z n‡Z cv‡i Ges welqe¯‧i
Ávb wkÿv_©xi g‡b ¯ vqx nq|
 G c×wZ‡Z we‡kl K‡i weÁv‡bi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv K¬v‡m wkÿv_©xiv wbR nv‡Z cixÿv bv Ki‡jI Zv‡ì
bvbv iK‡gi QK, Qwe I MÖvd BZ¨vw` AuvK‡Z nq| d‡j Zv‡ì A¼bg~jK `ÿZv e„w× cvq|
157
 wkÿ‡Ki cÖvavb¨ _vK‡jI wkÿv_©xiv Drmv‡ni mv‡_ †kªYx Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY Kivq †hgb hš¿cvwZ
mvRv‡Z, DcKiY GwM‡q w`‡Z I †QvU LvU cixÿv cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB wkÿ‡Ki cÖvavb¨ _vK‡jI
cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g †m․nv`©¨c~Y© cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv hvq|
 AskMÖnYKvixMY G c×wZ‡Z wb‡R‡ì `ÿZv g~j¨vq‡bi my‡hvM cvq| d‡j Zviv KZUzKz `ÿZv AR©b
Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q Zv wb‡RivB Abygvb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
 G c×wZ‡Z wkÿv`vb Ki‡Z †Zgb †Kv‡bv hš¿cvwZi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv weavq ZzjbvgyjK LiP Kg|
 cÖ`k©b K¬vm wkÿv_©x‡ì wbR M„‡n A‡bK KvR nv‡Z Kj‡g Kivi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ K‡i|
cÖ`k©b c×wZi Amyweav

 cÖ¯w‧ Z I cwiPvjbvi mgq †ewk jv‡M| †kªwY‡Z wkÿv_©x msL¨v AwaK n‡j cÖ`k©b c×wZi Kvh©KvwiZv
K‡g hvq|
 cÖwkÿ‡Ki fv‡jv `ÿZv _vKv AZ¨vek¨K|
 G c×wZ‡Z A‡bK mgq `~i †_‡K †`‡L ev ï‡b cÖ`k©‡bi welqe¯‧ h_vh_fv‡e Dcjwä Kiv hvq bv|
Dch©y³ Bw›`ª‡qi gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv wKQz Dcjwä Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j wkÿv_©xi cixÿYg~jK `ÿZvI e„w× cvq
bv|
 cÖ`k©bx K¬v‡mi Av‡qvRb †ewk n‡j cvVm~wP mgvß Kiv m¤¢e nq bv|
 G‡Z wkÿK mKj wkÿv_©xi e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v I gvbwmK †hvM¨Zvi ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z cv‡ib bv| KviY A‡bK
Drmvnx wkÿv_©xi cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z wM‡q wkÿK Ab¨ wkÿv_©x‡ì cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z e¨_© nb| mxwgZ
mg‡qi g‡a¨ cvV †kl Ki‡Z nq e‡j wkÿK `ªæZ DcKi‡Yi eënvi wKsev cixÿv m¤úbœ K‡ib| hvi
Rb¨ A‡bK wKQyB wkÿv_©x fv‡jvfv‡e Abyaveb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
cÖ`k©b c×wZ‡K Kvh©Kix Kivi Dcvq :
 we`¨vj‡qi `ye©j A_©bxwZ, AwaK wkÿv_©x msL¨v, DcKiY I hš¿cvwZi ¯^íZv Ges wcwiq‡Wi mxwgZ
mg‡qi K_v we‡ePbv K‡i †Kv‡bv cv‡Vi †ÿ‡Î G c×wZ AbymiY Ki‡jI G c×wZ eënv‡ii c~‡e©
Amyweav¸‡jv mva¨g‡Zv `~i Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
 G c×wZ m¤ú‡K© wkÿ‡Ki cwi®‥vi aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e| †Kvb& welqe¯‧ G c×wZ‡Z Dc¯ vcb Kiv DwPZ
Ges m¤¢eZv wkÿK‡K †f‡e †`L‡Z n‡e|
 cÖ`k©b c×wZ‡Z myôzfv‡e cvV Dc¯ vcb Kivi Rb¨ c~e© cÖ¯w‧ Z wb‡Z n‡e| Ggb wKQy Kiv DwPZ bq †hb
wkÿv_©xi AvMÖn I g‡bv‡hvM e¨vnZ nq| cÖ`k©bKv‡j nVvr Amyweav n‡j Gi KviY wkÿv_©x‡ì eywS‡q
ej‡Z n‡e|
 cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ hveZxq wRwbm Av‡M †_‡KB ¸wQ‡q ivL‡Z n‡e| †hb cÖ‡qvR‡b mewKQy m‡½ m‡½ cvIqv
hvq|
 cÖwZwU Ask cÖ`k©b †k‡l wkÿK‡K wkÿv_©x‡ì gv‡S cÖkœ Ki‡Z n‡e Kx ej‡jb, †Kgb jvM‡jv BZ¨vw`
wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z n‡e|
 g~j c‡q›U¸‡jvi Dci ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡ek m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e|
 Kx cÖ`k©b Kiv n‡e, Kx ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z n‡e Zv Av‡MB wkÿv_©x‡ì eywS‡q ej‡Z n‡e|
 cÖ`k©‡bi c~‡e©B cÖ‡qvR‡b `yÕGKRb wkÿv_©x‡K cÖ`k©‡bi KvR cwiPvjbvi mn‡hvwMZvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‧Z Ki‡Z
n‡e|
158
 cÖ`k©‡bi mgq mKj wkÿv_©x‡K mwµq AskMÖn‡Y mn‡hvwMZv Kiv|
 cixÿY cÖ`k©‡bi mgq `y‡e©va¨ RvqMv¸‡jv‡Z mnR fvlvq eywS‡q w`‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡qvR‡b PvU©, g‡Wj
BZ¨vw` DcKiY eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
 cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ cixÿY, g‡Wj ev PvU© Ggb ¯ vb †_‡K cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z n‡e †hb Zv mK‡ji `„wó‡MvPi nq|
 cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ wbR nv‡Z •Zwi DcKiY eënvi Ki‡j cvV Dc¯ vcb †ek AvKl©Yxq nq|
 cÖ`k©b †k‡l wkÿv_©x‡ì e¨w³MZ KvR †hgb-Qwe AuvKv, MÖvd AuvKv ev †Kv‡bv cÖwZ‡e`b •Zwii eë¯ v
Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
 welqe¯‧ I D‡Ï‡kï mv‡_ msMwZ †i‡L cybiv‡jvPbv Kiv|
8.3 cixÿY c×wZ I Avwe®‥vi c×wZ

cixÿY c×wZ
GB c×wZ‡K cixÿvMvi ev weÁvbvMvi (Laboratory Method) c×wZ ejv nq| GB c×wZ‡Z wkÿ‡Ki wb‡`©k Abyhvqx
wkÿv_©xiv †Kv‡bv wel‡q wb‡RivB cixÿv Kivi myh‡vM cvq Ges cixÿvi djvdj m¤ú‡K© mwVK wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ nq|
Zviv wb‡Riv nv‡Z Kj‡g KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©xB wbR wbR ÿgZv Abyhvqx KvR Kivi my‡hvM cvq e‡j G‡Z
Zvi Kg©¯ú„nv e„w× cvq| cixÿvi ØvivB A‡bK •eÁvwbK ZË¡ cÖwZwôZ nq, Avevi A‡bK¸‡jv ev` c‡o hvq|
mvaviYZ wkÿv_©xiv cixÿvMv‡i Avmvi Av‡MB wkÿK cixÿvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ I DcKiY mvwR‡q ivL‡eb-
wZwb wkÿv_x©‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K‡K ev cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K GKwU K‡i Ôwb‡`©k wjwcÕ mieivn Ki‡eb| G‡Z _vK‡e-
 cixÿvi µwgK msL¨v
 cixÿvi D‡Ïk¨
 cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ I DcKiYvw`
 cixÿv Kivi avcmg~n
 wec¾bK avc Ges mZK©g~jK eë¯ vi eY©bv
 cixÿvi djvdj †jLvi c×wZ
 mvaviY I we‡kl gšÍe¨
 wkÿ‡Ki wb‡`©k-wjwc Abymi‡Y wkÿv_©xiv cixÿv K‡i _v‡K|
cixÿY c×wZ‡Z wkÿv`v‡bi e¨vcv‡i wkÿ‡Ki KiYxq :

 wkÿK †kªYx cvV`v‡bi mgq cixÿvi welqe¯‧ m¤ú‡K© wkÿv_©x‡ì ZvwË¡K Ávb `vb Ki‡eb Ges
cvV¨cy¯K
Í I eënvwiK Kv‡Ri (Practical Work) eB c‡o wb‡R‡ì aviYv‡K AwaKZi ¯úó
Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡eb|
 cixÿvi D‡Ïk¨ fv‡jvfv‡e Rvwb‡q w`‡eb|
 cixÿvq bZzb h‡š¿i eënvi _vK‡j Zv wkwL‡q w`‡eb|
 †kªwYi mKj wkÿv_©x‡K GKB mv‡_ GKwU cixÿv Ki‡Z w`‡eb|
 cixÿvMv‡i AvqZb Ges hš¿cvwZ cwigv‡Yi Dci wbf©i K‡i wkÿv_©x‡ì e¨w³MZ wKsev `jMZfv‡e
cixÿv Kivi my‡hvM w`‡eb|
159
 `jMZ cixÿvi †ÿ‡Î mKj wkÿv_©x‡K K‡qKwU `‡j fvM K‡i cÖwZwU `‡ji Rb¨ cixÿv wbw`©ó K‡i
w`‡eb|
 wewfbœ cixÿvi hš¿cvwZ Ggbfv‡e mvwR‡q ivL‡eb hv‡Z cÖ‡Z¨KwU `j wbw`©ó cixÿv †k‡l Ab¨
GKwU cixÿvq P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i Ges PµvKv‡i me `jB cy‡ivcywi cixÿv Kivi my‡hvM cvq|
 wkÿK mKj wkÿv_©x ev `‡ji KvR Ny‡i Ny‡i †`L‡eb Ges cÖ‡qvRb n‡j mvnvh¨ Ki‡eb| we‡kl
K‡i †h me †ÿ‡Î `yN©Ubvi m¤¢vebv Av‡Q †m me †ÿ‡Î wkÿv_©x‡ì mZK© K‡i w`‡eb|
 cixÿvi ïiæ †_‡K wkÿv_©xiv hv‡Z g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ cwi”QbœZv eRvq †i‡L KvR K‡i †mw`‡K bRi
ivL‡eb|
cixÿY c×wZi myweav
 wkÿv_©x eB c‡o wKsev wkÿ‡Ki gyL †_‡K ï‡b †h ZvwË¡K Ávb AR©b K‡i _v‡K †m m¤ú‡K© ev¯Íe
Ávb jvf K‡i weÁvbvMv‡i, wbR nv‡Z cixÿv Kivi gva¨‡g|
 GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q e¨w³MZfv‡e KZK¸‡jv cixÿv Ki‡Z nq e‡j wkÿv_©xiv wbR wbR ÿgZv
Abyhvqx AMÖmi n‡Z cv‡i|
 wewfbœ cixÿvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ, ivmvqwbK `ªe¨ I Ab¨vb¨ DcKi‡Yi mv‡_ wkÿv_©xi cwiPq
N‡U|
 wkÿv_©x avivevwnKfv‡e KvR K‡i •eÁvwbK cixÿv Kivi Dchy³ wkÿv cvq|
 wkÿv_©xi g‡a¨ •eÁvwbK `„wófw½ I kª‡gi cÖwZ gh©v`v‡eva Ges cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZvi g‡bvfve
m„wó nq|
 wkÿv_©xi g‡b mnR hš¿cvwZi AbyKi‡Y wKQy hš¿cvwZ •Zwii Drmvn R‡b¥|
 wkÿv_©x‡K cvV¨cy¯ÍK QvovI Ab¨vb¨ eB I weÁvb cwÎKv co‡Z nq|
 wkÿv_©xi cÂ Bw›`ª‡qi myôz eënvi nq|
 cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii weÁvb wkÿvi Rb¨ †kªYxKÿ‡KB cixÿvMvi wnmv‡e eënvi Kiv hvq| Avjv`v
cixÿvMv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
cixÿY c×wZi Amyweav

 A‡bK hš¿cvwZi Øviv mymw¾Z †kªYxKÿ ev cixÿvMvi ìKvi nq weavq GB c×wZ e¨qeûj|
 cixÿY c×wZ‡Z cixÿvi mvnv‡h¨ bZzb wKQy Avwe®‥vi Ki‡Z nq bv| Avwe¯‥Z
… m~Î¸‡jv‡KB hvPvB
Kiv nq gvÎ|
 cixÿY PjvKvjxb wkÿv_©x‡ì cÖwZ mZK© `„wó bv w`‡j bvbv iK‡gi `yN©Ubv NUvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|
 GB c×wZ‡Z h‡_ó mgq jv‡M|
 D”P ¯Í‡ii Zzjbvq cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii Rb¨ GB c×wZ Kg Dc‡hvMx|
160
gšÍe¨
cixÿvMvi c×wZ‡Z wkÿv_©xi f~wgKv cÖavb n‡jI G c×wZi mvd‡jï †cQ‡b wkÿ‡Ki A‡bK mgq, kªg Ges †gav e¨q
Ki‡Z nq| djcÖm~fv‡e G c×wZi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡j wkÿK‡K mwVK cwiKíbv, cwiKíbvi ev¯Íevqb Ges AwR©Z
g~j¨vqb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
Avwe®‥vi c×wZ
Bsj¨v‡Ûi Aa¨vcK H.E Armstong weÁvb wkÿvi c×wZ wn‡m‡e Avwe®‥vi c×wZ ev Heuristic Method Gi cÖeZ©b
K‡ib| MÖxK kã Heurisko †_‡K Bs‡iwR Heuristic k‡ãi DrcwË| Gi A_© ÔAvwg Avwe®‥vi KwiÕ| wkÿv_©xi
AbymwÜrmy gb‡K RvMÖZ KivB G c×wZi g~j KvR| ïay weÁvb wkÿvi Rb¨B bq wewfbœ welq †kLv‡bvi Kv‡R G c×wZ
eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
Avwe®‥vi c×wZ‡Z ïay †Kv‡bv GKwU wel‡qi KZK¸‡jv wbqg †kLv‡bvi Dci †ewk ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv nq bv| wK K‡i
Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z nq, AvnwiZ Z_¨¸‡jv‡K Kxfv‡e wewae×fv‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡bv hv‡e, †mB Kv‡Ri ga¨ w`‡q Kxfv‡e
wbqgwU‡K wkÿv_©xiv wb‡RivB Rvb‡Z cvi‡e †m wkÿvB G c×wZ‡Z †Ìqv nq| GLv‡b wkÿK mivmwi wKQy e‡j †`b
bv| wZwb mgm¨vi AvKv‡i cvV¨ welqe¯‧‡K wkÿv_©xi Kv‡Q Zz‡j a‡ib| wkÿv_©x Avwe®‥vi‡Ki `„wófw½ wb‡q ¯^vaxb
wPšÍvkw³ cÖ‡qvM K‡i hyw³ w`‡q wb‡Ri cÖ‡Póvq wKQy †R‡b †bq| wkÿK civgk©`vZv I mvnvh¨Kvixi f~wgKv cvjb
K‡ib| wZwb wkÿv_©x‡ì fyjÎæwUi cÖwZ jÿ¨ iv‡Lb Ges wkÿv_©x‡K cÖkœ Kivi my‡hvM †`b|
G c×wZ cÖ‡qv‡M mK‡jB †h weÁvbx n‡e Zv bq| Z_¨ msMÖn, ch©‡eÿY, cixÿv-wbixÿv I hyw³i wfwË‡Z mZ¨‡K Luy‡R
†ei K‡i wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ nIqvi gb gvbwmKZv M‡o †ZvjvB G c×wZi D‡Ïk¨|
Avwe®‥vi c×wZ cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡j GKRb wkÿ‡Ki wel‡qi Dci cvwÐZ¨, †gav, Dcw¯ Z eyw×, m„RbÿgZv, Kv‡Ri
cÖwZ AvMÖn I `ÿZv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| GQvov wkÿv_©x †Kw›`ªK wkÿv eë¯ v m¤ú‡K©I AwfÁZv _vKv ìKvi| Z‡e wkÿv_©x
cÖ‡qvR‡b Ab¨ wkÿv_©xi mv‡_I Avjvc Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Avwe®‥vi c×wZi myweav

 Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g wkÿv jvf Kivq wkÿv_©xi m„Rbxkw³, Kg©`ÿZv I cixÿv Kivi `ÿZv e„w× cvq|
 e¨w³MZfv‡e KvR Kivi d‡j wkÿv_©xi AvZ¥wbf©iZv ev‡o, AvZ¥wek¦vmx I cwikªgx nq|
 ¯^vaxbfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z wPšÍvkw³ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z mg_© nIqvq wkÿv_©x wb‡Ri †hvM¨Zv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z
cv‡i|
 cÖZ¨ÿ AwfÁZvi ga¨ w`‡q wKQy †k‡L e‡j hv †k‡L Zv mn‡RB g‡b ivL‡Z cv‡i|
 e¨w³MZfv‡e KvR Kivq wb‡Ri myweav Abymv‡i Kv‡R AMÖmi n‡Z cv‡i|
 KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q Ab¨vb¨ wkÿv_x© I wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ Avjvc Av‡jvPbv I mn‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g KvR
Kivq mK‡ji ga¨ GKwU cÖxwZi m¤úK© M‡o I‡V|
161
Avwe®‥vi c×wZi Amyweav
 G c×wZ‡Z wkÿv mgq mv‡cÿ; KviY wkLb Kvh©µg Lye axi MwZ‡Z P‡j|
 G c×wZ cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cwikªgx, cÖwZfvevb I cÖwkÿYcÖvß wkÿ‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb| wkÿK ïaygvÎ
cvV¨cy¯ÍK wbf©i n‡j GB c×wZ‡Z myôzfv‡e wkÿv w`‡Z cv‡ib bv| ZvQvov wkÿK hw` wkÿv_©xi
Kv‡Q AwZwi³ wKQy Avkv K‡ib Ges wkÿv_©xi Dci wbf©i K‡ib, Zvn‡j GB c×wZi mydj cvIqv
hvq bv|
 G c×wZ‡Z Dchy³ cvVvMvi, M‡elYvMvi I Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvM myweav _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| Avgv‡ì †`‡ki
cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b G eë¯ v Lye GKUv fv‡jv bv _vKvq G c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kivi my‡hvM Kg|
 Avgv‡ì †`‡ki wkÿv eë¯ v cixÿv wbf©i nIqvq wkÿv_©x cÖ¯w‧ Z †bq cixÿvq DËxY© nIqvi Rb¨|
ZvB G c×wZ wkÿv_©x‡K †ewk AvK©lY K‡i bv|
 GwU GKwU e¨qeûj c×wZ| KviY wewfbœ ¯ vb †_‡K Z_¨ msMÖn wKsev cixÿvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq
DcKiY µq Ki‡Z cÖPzi Li‡Pi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
 wbPz K¬v‡mi wkÿv_©xiv mewKQy hyw³ w`‡q wePvi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZLb G c×wZ cÖ‡qvM m¤¢e bq|
8.4 ch©‡eÿY c×wZ

ch©‡eÿY n‡jv †Kv‡bv Rxe ev Ro e¯‧ ev NUbv Mfxi g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ †`‡L †m m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Rvb‡Z †Póv
Kiv| ch©‡eÿ‡Yi d‡j wkÿv_©xiv ev¯Íe Ávb jvf Ki‡Z mÿg nq| wkï‡K Zvi wbKU cwi‡ek †_‡K ïiæ K‡i MvQcvjv,
dzj, djg~j, cï, cvwL, gvQ, KxUcZ½, gvwU, wgj, Kj-KviLvbv, wkwki, Kzqvkv, b`xi NvU BZ¨vw` ch©‡eÿY Kivi
my‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ Zv‡ì †kªwY K‡ÿi evB‡i wb‡q †h‡Z n‡e|
wkÿv_xiv cÖ_‡gB mewKQy mvaviY `„wó‡Z †`‡L| wkÿK Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †K․Z‚nj I AbymwÜrmv RvMÖZ Ki‡eb Ges
ch©‡eÿY‡K D‡Ïk¨gyLx Ki‡eb| G c×wZ‡Z wkÿv_©xiv Zv‡ì cwiwPwZ e¯‧ A_ev cwi‡ek‡K bZzb K‡i eyS‡Z I
Avwe®‥vi Ki‡Z †k‡L| myZivs †h c×wZ‡Z •eÁvwbK `„wófw½ wb‡q †Kv‡bv wKQy †`Lv I wbLyuZfv‡e Zv wjwce× Kiv ev
Ab¨ †Kv‡bv gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kivi `ÿZv wkÿvjvf Kiv nq Zv‡K ch©‡eÿY c×wZ e‡j|
G c×wZ‡Z cvV `v‡bi c~‡e© wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡ì cv‡Vi welqe¯‧ Ges Kx D‡Ï‡k¨ †Kvb& †Kvb& w`K ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z n‡e
Zv fv‡jvfv‡e eywS‡q w`‡eb| cÖ‡Z¨Kw`b wkÿv_©x‡ì †kªwYK‡ÿi evB‡i wb‡q hvIqv m¤¢e bq| ZvB wkÿK‡K eQ‡ii
cÖ_‡gB wVK K‡i wb‡Z n‡e wZwb †Kvb& †Kvb& cv‡Vi Rb¨ wkÿv_©x‡ì evB‡i wb‡q hv‡eb| †kªwY‡Z wkÿv_©xi msL¨v †ewk
n‡j Zv‡ì K‡qKwU `‡j fvM K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji Dci GKwU welq ch©‡eÿ‡Yi `vwqZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e| ch©‡eÿ‡Yi mgq
wkÿK mv‡_ hv‡eb, b‡Pr `yN©Ubv NU‡Z cv‡i|
wkÿv_©x‡ì mvaviYZt †hme wRwbm ch©‡eÿY Kiv‡bv hvq †m¸‡jv n‡jv:
 cï, cvwL, gvQ, e¨vO, KxU-cZ½ BZ¨vw` cÖvYx|
 Dw™¢`, dj, dzj, cvZv, g~j, km¨, exR BZ¨vw`|
 wkjv ev cv_i, gvwU, BZ¨vw`|
 †gN, e„wó, Kzqvkv, wkwki, isaby, BZ¨vw` cÖvK…wZK NUbvewj|
ch©‡eÿ‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY mieivn Kivi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- gkv gvwQi wWg †`Lvi Rb¨ g¨vMwbdvBs
Møv‡mi cÖ‡qvRb| ch©‡eÿY †k‡l mKj wkï †kªwY‡Z GKÎ n‡e Ges cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji †bZv Zvi `‡ji ch©‡eÿY cÖwZ‡e`b
†kªwY‡Z †g․wLKfv‡e Dc¯ vcb Ki‡eb|
162
mZK© evZ©v
ch©‡eÿ‡Yi mgq mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb-
 cÖLi †iv‡` wkÿv_©x‡ì gv‡V bv wb‡q hvIqv|
 Kj-KviLvbv †`L‡Z w`‡q hš¿cvwZi AwZ wbK‡U Zv‡ì †h‡Z bv †Ìqv|
 G‡jv‡g‡jvfv‡e e¨¯Í iv¯Ív cvi n‡Z bv †Ìqv|
 GKvKx b`xi ev cyKz‡ii wKbvivq †h‡Z bv †Ìqv|
ch©‡eÿY c×wZi myweav
 wkï wb‡R †`‡L ï‡b ev¯Íe Ávb I AwfÁZv jvf K‡i|
 †kªwYK‡ÿ cvV MÖn‡Yi GK‡N‡qwg †K‡U hvq|
 ch©‡eÿY I AbymÜvb Kivi ¸YwU AwR©Z nq|
 wewfbœ wRwb‡mi †kªYxKiY I mvaviYxKi‡Yi ÿgZv AwR©Z nq|
 wPšÍv kw³i D‡b¥l N‡U|
 cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e Ávb jv‡f mÿg nq e‡j Ávb `xN©¯ vqx nq|
 cÖK…wZi cÖwZ AvMÖn I fv‡jvevmv R‡b¥|
 wbKU cwi‡ek‡K Rvbvi cÖeYZv, †K․Z‚nj I AbymwÜrmv e„w× cvq|
ch©‡eÿY c×wZi Amyweav
 †kªwY‡Z cvV`v‡bi Zzjbvq ch©‡eÿ‡Y A‡bK †ewk mgq jv‡M|
 ch©‡eÿY Kv‡R mKj wkï Drmvnx _v‡K bv|
 we‡kl mZK©Zvi Afv‡e `yN©Ubv NU‡Z cv‡i BZ¨vw`|
(Z_¨m~Î : weÁvb, wm Bb GW(2002) Ges wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ(2002), RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg|)
8.5 Lesson Study ev cvV mgxÿv

Lesson Study ev cvV mgxÿv †Kv‡bv wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ bq| wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cvV mgxÿv GKwU
AvaywbK †K․kj hv wekê¨vcx ¯^xK…Z|
cvV mgxÿv n‡jv- wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœq‡bi GKwU avievwnK cÖwµqv †hLv‡b wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi gvb
hvPvB I Dbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ wkÿKMY Zv‡ì mnKg©x‡ì mv‡_ wbweofv‡e KvR K‡ib| hvi d‡j G cÖwµqv‡K Teacher
Support Network through Lesson Study(TSN)wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq| G cÖwµqvq wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi
Dbœqb N‡U| cvV mgxÿv n‡jv g~jZ Plan  Do  See  Improve cycle KvVv‡gvi gva¨‡g cv‡Vi avivevwnK
gvb Dbœqb|
wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœq‡bi †K․kj wn‡m‡e cvV mgxÿv cÖwµqv c„w_exi wewfbœ DbœZ I Dbœqbkxj †`‡k Pvjy
i‡q‡Q| wkÿK‡ì wZbwU ch©v‡qi g‡a¨ mgš^q mva‡b cvV mgxÿv Kvh©µg wkÿK‡K mnvqZv K‡i| ch©vq wZbwU n‡”Q :
 cÖZ¨vwkZ wkÿvµg (Intended Curriculum)
 ev¯ÍevwqZ wkÿvµg (Implemented Curriculum)
 AwR©Z wkÿvµg (Attained Curriculum)
163
cvV¨cy¯Í‡K hv _v‡K Zv wkÿK kZfvM wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj‡Z ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv Ges wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg
wkÿv_©x‡K cyivcywi †hvM¨Zv AR©‡b mg_© K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i bv| A_©vr cÖZ¨vwkZ wkÿvµg I AwR©Z wkÿvµ‡gi g‡a¨
wKQzUv eëavb (Gap) †_‡K hvq| welqwU wb‡¤œi †d¬v Pv‡U©i gva¨‡g †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i :
cÖZ¨vwkZ wkÿvµg
(RvZxq wkÿvµg, cvV¨cy¯ÍK, wkÿK ms¯‥iY, wkÿK wb‡`©wkKv)
ev¯ÍevwqZ wkÿvµg
(wkÿK KZ©„K †kÖwY‡Z wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg)
AwR©Z wkÿvµg
(†kÖwY‡Z wkÿv_©xi wkLb)
wkÿvµg ev¯Íevq‡bi GB eëavbmg~n `~i K‡i gvbm¤§Z wkÿv wbwðZ Ki‡Y cvV mgxÿv cÖwµqvi cÖ‡qvM ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
f~wgKv iv‡L| wkÿKMY wbR we`¨vj‡q Ae¯ vb K‡i cwiw¯ wZi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ †i‡L wb‡R‡ì cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx cvV
mgxÿv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
Rvcv‡bi wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœqb cÖwµqvq cvV mgxÿv (Lesson Study) Kvh©µ‡gi cÖ‡qvM A‡bK Av‡M †_‡K
P‡j Avm‡Q| wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœqb I wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi ¸YMZ gv‡bvbœq‡bi Kvh©Kix †K․kj wn‡m‡e
cvV mgxÿv Kvh©µ‡gi eënvi I Abykxjb DbœZ I Dbœqbkxj †`kmg~‡nI mgv`„Z n‡”Q|
RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© (NCTB) KZ©„K cÖYxZ cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡gi Kvh©Kix ev¯Íevq‡b evwl©K cvV cwiKíbv
I •`bw›`b cvV cwiKíbv, K¬vm iæwUb, wUPvm© MvBW cÖf…wZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| gvbm¤§Z wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvq
DwjøwLZ mvgMÖxmg~‡ni Kvh©Kix eënvi wkÿ‡Ki avivevwnK †ckvMZ Dbœqb I wkÿv_©xi †hvM¨Zv AR©‡b we‡kl f~wgKv
cvjb K‡i _v‡K|
cÖPwjZ cvV cwiKíbv‡K Av‡iv †ewk DbœZ I Kvh©Ki Kivi j‡ÿ¨ Lesson Study Gi aviYv cÖ‡qvM GKwU beZi
ms‡hvRb| wkÿK‡ì avivevwnK †ckvMZ Dbœqb cÖwµqvq RvBKv mnvqZv †cÖvMÖv‡gi (JICA Suport Programme –
JSP) Aax‡b evsjv‡`‡k 2004 mvj †_‡K G aviYvi cÖ‡qvM ïiæ nq|
cvV mgxÿv (Lesson Study) Gi D‡Ïk¨ :

wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœqb Ges †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi gv‡bvbœq‡bi Rb¨ cvV mgxÿv cwiPvjbv
GKwU Kvh©Ki cÖ‡Póv| G Kvh©µ‡gi h_vh_ ev¯Íevq‡b wb¤§wjwLZ AR©b¸‡jvi cÖZ¨vkv Kiv n‡”Q hv cÖv_wgK wkÿvi
¸YMZ Dbœqb‡K wbwðZ Ki‡e| †hgbÑ
1. cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© wkÿK †hb Mfxifv‡e wPšÍv Ki‡Z AvMÖnx nb Ggb GKwU my‡hvM m„wó
2. ¯^cÖ‡Yvw`Z n‡q wkÿK †hb wb‡Ri welqÁvb mg„w×‡Z m‡Pó nb
3. wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZvi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cvV mgxÿv‡K GKwU †ÿÎ wn‡m‡e cÖ¯Z ‧ Kiv
4. wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewji c×wZMZ Áv‡bi mg„w× Kiv
5. wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi gv‡bvbœq‡b mnKg©x ch©‡eÿK‡ì mywPwšÍZ wb‡`©kbv I civgk© cÖvwß
6. wkÿv_x©i cvi`wk©Zv/†hvM¨Zv I `ÿZv AR©‡b Kvh©Ki mnvqZv `v‡bi Rb¨ `xN©‡gqvw` jÿ¨ wba©viY
164
7. wkÿv_©x I mnKg©x‡ì ch©‡eÿYg~jK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi g~j¨vq‡bi my‡hvM •Zwi
8. mnKg©x‡ì civgk© I mn‡hvwMZvq cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb I Dbœqb
9. wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLbdj AR©b, NvUwZ I AvPiY m¤ú‡K© Rvbv
10. BwZevPK `„wófw½ MVb|
cvV mgxÿv cÖwµqv :
wkÿ‡Ki avivevwnK †ckvMZ Dbœqb cÖwµqvq cvV mgxÿv Kvh©µg GKwU Kvh©Kix †K․kj| GwU GKwU gvbm¤§Z wkÿY
Pµ (Quality Teaching Cycle – QTC)| hvi g‡a¨ Av‡QÑ cwiKíbv, ev¯Íevqb, g~j¨vqb Ges Dbœqb (Plan-Do-
See-Improve)| wb‡¤œ PµvKv‡i †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :
Plan
Improve Do
See
gvbm¤§Z wkÿY Pµ -Gi cÖwZwU ch©v‡q †h KvR¸‡jv Ki‡Z nq, Zv wb¤œiƒc:
ch©vq 1 : cwiKíbv (Plan)

cvV mgxÿvi cÖ_g ch©vq n‡jv cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb| gvb m¤§Z wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ K‡qK
mßvne¨vcx KZK¸‡jv KvR Ki‡Z nq| †hgbÑ
 ¯^-AbywPšÍb (Self-reflection) dig (eQ‡ii cÖ_g w`‡K c~iY Kiv nq) Ges cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki GKv‡WwgK
ZË¡veavb (Academic Supervision)-Gi Av‡jv‡K mgm¨v wPwýZ (Problem Identification) K‡i Zvici
mvaviY mgm¨v wPwýZ (Screening of Common Problem) Ki‡Z n‡e|
 cvV mgxÿv `j MVb (Setting up Lesson Study Group) Ki‡Z n‡e|
 cvV mgxÿv `j - `‡j e‡m cv‡Vi welqe¯‧ wbe©vPb (Topic Selection) Ki‡eb|
 AZtci cvV`vbKvix wkÿK wbe©vPb (Selection of Demonstrator) Ki‡eb|
 evwl©K cvV cwiKíbv Abymv‡i wbe©vwPZ wkÿK cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡eb (Lesson Plan Preparation)Ges
mswkøó DcKiY msMÖn I •Zwi Ki‡eb|
 mfvq cÖYxZ cvV cwiKíbv cvV mgxÿv `‡j Dc¯ vcb (Presentation of Lesson Plan) Ki‡eb|
 `j (mnKg©xe„›`) †`L‡eb †hÑ cÖYxZ cvV-cwiKíbvq wkLbdj AwR©Z n‡e wKbv, DcKiY wbe©vPb I eënvi
†K․kj wVK Av‡Q wKbv, wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj h_vh_ wKbv, wba©vwiZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ cvV Dc¯ vcb Kiv hv‡e
wKbv,Kxfv‡e g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb BZ¨vw` w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ch©‡eÿY K‡i cvV cwiKíbv cÖ‡qvR‡b cwigvR©b
(Revision of Lesson Plan) Ki‡eb|
 Mock Lesson ev ïaygvÎ mnKg©x‡ì mvg‡b wba©vwiZ wkÿK cvV Dc¯ vcb Ki‡eb|
 Mock Lesson G hw` †Kv‡bv NvUwZ _v‡K ev cvV cwiKíbvq hw` †Kv‡bv ÎæwU cwijwÿZ nq Z‡e wkÿKMY
GKwÎZ e‡m Av‡jvPbv K‡i cvV-cwiKíbvi gvb Dbœqb(Development of Lesson Plan) Ki‡eb|
 Gevi KZ Zvwi‡L, KLb, wba©vwiZ †kÖwY‡Z, wkÿv_©x‡ì Dcw¯ wZ‡Z cvV Dc¯ vcb Kiv n‡e, Kviv Kxfv‡e cvV
ch©‡eÿY Ki‡eb, cvV ch©‡eÿ‡Yi ci Teachers’ Room G e‡m cv‡VvËi Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb Zv cÖavb wkÿK
mK‡ji Dcw¯ wZ‡Z wba©viY K‡i w`‡eb| Z‡e cvVwU †h‡Kv‡bv e„n¯úwZev‡i w`‡bi †kl wcwiq‡W nIqv
evÃbxq|
165
ch©vq-2 t cvV Dc¯’vcb (Do)
 G ch©v‡q cvV`vbKvix wkÿK cÖ‡qvRbxq DciKYmn h_vmg‡q †kªwY‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡eb|
 cvV cwiKíbv Abyhvqx cvV Dc¯ vcb Ki‡eb A_©vr wkÿv_©x‡ì •`wbK AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K welqe¯‧
Dc¯ vcb/AwfÁZvi wewbgq Ki‡eb|
 wkÿv_©xiv hv‡Z mn‡R eyS‡Z cv‡i †m ai‡bi c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb|
 wk‡ÿvcKi‡Yi Kvh©Kix cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb|
 h_vh_ mgq eÈb Ki‡eb|
ch©vq 3 t cvV ch©‡eÿY (See)

 cv‡Vi gv‡bvbœq‡bi Rb¨ cvV ch©‡eÿY Acwinvh©|
 Kvh©Kix cvV ch©‡eÿY I djveZ©b cv‡Vi gv‡bvbœq‡bi c~e©kZ©|
 cÖavb wkÿK mn wba©vwiZ wkÿKMY †kªwY‡Z e‡m Rubric ev †¯‥vwis MvBW I cvV ch©‡eÿY QK
(Observation format) Gi Av‡jv‡K cvV ch©‡eÿY Ki‡eb|
 cvV ch©‡eÿY‡Yi mgq cv‡Vi MVbg~jK I •be¨©w³K we‡kølY j‡ÿ¨ mnKg©xMY Observation format
eënvi Ki‡eb|
cvV ch©‡eÿ‡Yi mgq wb‡¤œi welq¸‡jvi cÖwZ `„wó †Ìqv cÖ‡qvRb|
wkÿ‡Ki AvPiY (Teacher’s behaviour)

Ñ welq m¤úwK©Z Ávb (Subject knowledge)
Ñ welqe¯‧ m¤ú‡K© mwVK Z_¨ cÖ`vb|
Ñ wkÿK wb‡`©wkKv/msiÿ‡Yi h_vh_ eënvi I welqe¯‧i aviYv m¤ú‡K© my¯úó wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb|
cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi `ÿZv(Lesson presentation skill)

Ñ cvV cwiKíbv Abyhvqx cvV Dc¯ vcb|
Ñ wkÿv_©xiv hv‡Z mn‡R eyS‡Z cv‡i †m ai‡bi c×wZ cÖ‡qvM|
Ñ wk‡ÿvcKi‡Yi Kvh©Kix cÖ‡qvM|
Ñ mg‡qi mv‡_ msMwZ iÿv|
†kªwY eë¯’vcbv (Class management)

Ñ cv‡Vi welqe¯‧ Abyhvqx †kªwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv|
Ñ wkÿv_©x‡ì wPšÍb/Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ h‡_ó mgq cÖ`vb|
Ñ mwVK c×wZ‡Z cÖkœ Kiv|
Ñ wkLb †kLv‡bi cÖwµqvq wkÿv_©x‡ì m¤ú„³Zv|
166
wk‡ÿvcKiY eënv‡ii `ÿZv (Teaching materials using skill)
Ñ cv‡Vi welqe¯‧i mv‡_ m½wZú~Y© DcKiY|
Ñ mnR fv‡e cvV`vb|
Ñ PK‡ev‡W©i Kvh©Kix eënvi |
g~j¨vqb `ÿZv (Assessment skill)
Ñ cvV PjvKvjxb wkÿv_©x‡ì KvR ch©‡eÿY|
Ñ cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©xi †evaMg¨Zvi ¯Íi wbiæcY|
BwZevPK g‡bvfve (Positive attitude)

Ñ wkÿv_©xi mv‡_ eÜz myjf AvPiY-
Ñ †kLvi Rb¨ wkÿv_©x‡ì AbycÖvwYZ/DrmvwnZ Kiv|
Ñ wkÿv_©x‡ì gZvg‡Zi cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb|
wkÿv_©xi AvPiY (Students’ behaviour)

Ñ wkLb `ÿZv|
Ñ †kªwY Kvh©µ‡g mwµq AskMÖnY|
Ñ BwZevPK AvPiY
Ñ Avb›``vqK cwi‡e‡k wkLb|
Ñ wkï‡ì AvZ¥wek¦vm M‡o IVv|
D‡jøL¨: GQvovI †h mKj wel‡qi cÖwZ `„wó †i‡L cvV ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z n‡e, Zv n‡jv t
Ñ cv‡Vi wkLbdj AR©‡bi gvÎv hvPvB|

Ñ cv‡Vi mv‡_ wkÿv_©x‡ì wPšÍvi my‡hvM m„wó|
Ñ Kvh©Kix wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †K․kj cÖ‡qvM|
Ñ wkLb cÖwµqvq wkÿv_©x‡ì m¤ú„³Zv hvPvB|
Ñ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg PjvKvjxb wkÿv_©xiv Kxfv‡e wkL‡Q|
Ñ ch©‡eÿ‡Yi mgq †kªwY Kvh©µg e¨vnZ bv Kiv|
cvV ch©‡eÿYKv‡j cvjbxq wb‡`©kbvmg~n :

Ñ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg gvb m¤§Z n‡”Q wKbv Zv †`Lv|
Ñ wkÿv_©x‡ì mv‡_ †ewk K_v bv ejv|
Ñ Ab¨ ch©‡eÿ‡Ki mv‡_ Mí bv Kiv|
Ñ wkÿK cvV cwiKíbv KZUzKz AbymiY Ki‡Q Zv †`Lv|
Ñwkÿv_©x‡ì Dw³, wg_w®…qv, wkÿv_©xiv Kxfv‡e fyj K‡i I wb‡RivB Kxfv‡e fyj ms‡kvab
K‡i BZ¨vw` †`Lv|
Ñ ch©‡eÿ‡Yi mgq ch©‡eÿY QK eënvi Kiv|
167
ch©vq 4 : cv‡Vi gvb Dbœqb (Improve)
 cvV cieZ©x Av‡jvPbv
cvV cieZ©x Av‡jvPbvi cwiPvjbv cÖwµqv :
Ñ cvV Dc¯ vc‡bi ci H w`bB cv‡VvËi Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ cÖavb wkÿK mnKg©x‡ì wb‡q Zuvi K‡ÿ
ev wkÿK‡ì K‡ÿ em‡eb|
Ñ cÖavb wkÿK Av‡jvPbvi †bZ…Z¡ w`‡eb| Z‡e cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki Abycw¯ wZ‡Z GKRb wmwbqi wkÿK
cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb Ges Av‡jvPbvi we‡eP¨ welq mg~n AewnZ Ki‡eb| †hgbÑAv‡jvPbv †hb
cÖvYešÍ, AvšÍwiK Ges cv‡Vi gv‡bvbœq‡bi Rb¨ nq †m w`‡K mRvM `„wó w`‡Z n‡e|
Ñ Av‡jvP¨ wel‡q †bvU †bIqvi Rb¨ GKRb wkÿK‡K g‡bvbxZ Ki‡eb|

Ñ cvV`vbKvix wkÿK Zvi wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© cÖ_‡g gZvgZ cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|
Ñ ch©‡eÿYKvixMY ch©‡eÿ‡Y ch©vß Z_¨vw` Ges cv‡Vi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ ch©vqµ‡g MVbg~jK
gZvgZ w`‡eb|
Ñ cÖ_‡g cv‡Vi fv‡jv w`K¸‡jv D‡jøL Ki‡eb, Zvici cv‡Vi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ civgk© w`‡eb|
Ñ cwi‡k‡l (cÖ‡qvRb †ev‡a) welq AwfÁ wkÿK gZvgZ w`‡eb|
Ñ cvV`vbKvix wkÿK I ch©‡eÿYKvix wkÿKMY Avjvc Av‡jvPbv K‡i cvVwU Av‡i Kvh©Kixfv‡e
gv‡bvbœq‡bi cš v wba©viY Ki‡eb|
Av‡jvPbvi mgq we‡eP¨ welqmg~n :

Ñ cv‡VvËi Av‡jvPbv †hb `xN© mgq a‡i bv nq †m w`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e|
Ñ cv‡VvËi Av‡jvPbvq GUvB cÖZxqgvb n‡Z n‡e †h, mevB wg‡j cv‡Vi Dbœqb Kiv Z_v
wkÿvi ¸YMZ gv‡bvbœq‡bi mnvqZv cÖ`vb|
Ñ e¨w³ wkÿ‡Ki †Kv‡bv mgv‡jvPbv bv K‡i Kxfv‡e wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb AwaKZi wbwðZ Kiv
hvq †m wel‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i wm×všÍ wb‡Z n‡e|
Ñ Av‡jvPbvi mgq Rubric Gi Dci ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e|
Ñ wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †K․kj m¤ú‡K© gZvgZ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ñ wkÿv_©x‡ì cv‡Vi wkLbdj AR©b m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ñ cv‡Vi ch©‡eÿ‡Yi ci ev¯Íe D`vni‡Yi wfwË‡Z gšÍe¨ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ñ cv‡Vi Dbœq‡bi †ÿÎmg~n mywbw`©ó K‡i djveZ©b Q‡K cÖ¯Ívebv •Zwi I †ck Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ñ GKB iKg Av‡jvPbv ev cÖ¯Íve evi evi Kiv cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ñ Av‡jvPbvi mgq A‡bï gZvg‡Zi cÖwZ kª×v cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
gšÍe¨
Av‡jvPbv c‡e©i wm×všÍ Abyhvqx cvV`vbKvix wkÿK cvV cwiKíbvwU cybivq cwigvR©b K‡i msiÿY Ki‡eb hv‡Z
cieZ©x mg‡q cwiKíbvwU eënvi K‡i wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi gvb AwaKZi Dbœqb mvwaZ nq| cvV mgxÿv PjvKvjxb
mg‡q wewfbœ ch©v‡qi Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g jä AwfÁZv I Ávb wkÿKMY Zv‡ì †kªwY wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb|
Avi Gfv‡eB Plan  Do  See  Improve P‡µi ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g †kªwY wkLb Kvh©µ‡gi gvb DbœZ n‡e Ges
mv‡_ mv‡_ wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZvi Dbœqb NU‡e|
168
wkÿ‡Ki ¯^-AbywPšÍb QK
wkÿ‡Ki bvg t
†ckvMZ Ávb I Dcjw×
†hvM¨Zvi cvi`wk©Zvi m~PK ZvwiL ZvwiL
†ÿÎ gZvgZ gZvgZ
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
wkÿµg cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡gi jÿ¨, D‡Ïk¨ Ges cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv
m¤ú‡K© aviYv m¤ú‡K© Rv‡bb|
cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvi †kªwYwfwËK wefvRbmn Kxfv‡e
wkLbdj nq Zv Rv‡bb|
wkLb dj‡K welqe¯‧i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
welq m¤ú‡K© wkÿv_©xi c~e© Áv‡bi mv‡_ welqe¯‧‡K mswkøó K‡ib|
aviYv cvV¨cy¯K Í QvovB my¯úófv‡e cv‡Vi welqe¯‧ Dc¯ vcb
K‡ib|
welqe¯‧ Abyave‡b mycwiKwíZ KvR †`b|
Db¥y³ cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g welqe¯‧ m¤ú‡K© wkÿv_©x‡ì †K․Z‚njx
K‡i Zz‡jb|
welqe¯‧ Abyave‡b Rxeb Nwbó D`vniY cÖ`vb K‡ib|
wkÿv`vb wkLbdj AR©‡bi Rb¨ mnvqK wkLb-†kLv‡bv †K․kj
m¤úwK©Z Ávb MÖnY K‡ib|
GKKfv‡e Ges †Rvovq/†QvU `‡j KvR K‡i wkL‡Z
mnvqZv K‡ib|
welqe¯‧ Abyave‡b wPšÍv Kivi Ges gZvgZ cÖKvk Kivi
my‡hvM m„wó K‡ib|
welqe¯‧ mswkøó cwiKwíZ KvR †`b|
wkï m¤ú‡K© wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ m„Rbkxj KvR Kivi my‡hvM m„wó K‡ib|
aviYv wkÿv_©x‡ì Pvwn`v I cviMZvi gvÎv Abyhvqx wkLb`j
•Zwi I wkLb †K․kj cÖ‡qvM K‡ib|
we‡kl Pvwn`vm¤úbœ wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ wkLb †K․kj
wba©viY K‡ib|
mKj‡K ej‡Z Drmvn †`b Ges mK‡ji K_v g‡bv‡hvM
w`‡q ï‡bb|
wkÿv_©x‡ì fyj DË‡i wei³ bv n‡q fyj DË‡ii KviY
AbymÜvb K‡ib|
AvBb Kvbyb QywU wewamn miKvwi Kg©Pvix AvPiYwewa m¤ú‡K© Rv‡bb|
m¤úwK©Z miKvwi Kg©Pvix wbqwgZ Dcw¯ wZ wel‡q we‡kl Aa¨v‡`k
aviYv m¤ú‡K© Rv‡bb|
wewa †gvZv‡eK wewfbœ Avw_©K cÖvwßmn A_© mswkøó wel‡q
mg¨K aviYv Av‡Q|
miKvwi wewfbœ ch©v‡qi KZ©„c‡ÿi wb‡`©kbv h_vixwZ
†g‡b P‡jb|
169
†ckvMZ Abykxjb
cwiKíbv wbqwgZ welqwfw³K cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡ib|
cÖYqb
m¤úwK©Z
mgq Abyhvqx cv‡Vi wkLbdj AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ Dc¯ vc‡bi|
†kªwY eë¯ vcbv I g~j¨vqb †K․kj wba©viY K‡ib|
†kªwY‡Z wkÿv_©x †Kw›`ªK Kg©Zrci wkLb †K․kj wba©viY
K‡ib|
wkL‡b AmyweavMÖ¯  I we‡kl Pvwn`v m¤úbœ‡ì wPwýZ
K‡i cÖwZKvig~jK wkÿ‡Yi eë¯ v K‡ib|
cÖZ¨vkv cv‡Vi welqe¯Íyi mv‡_ wkÿv_©x‡ì HwZn¨MZ I •`bw›`b
Rxe‡bi AwfÁZv mgš^‡qi eë¯ v K‡ib|
wkÿv_©x‡ì mvg_© Abyhvqx †kªwYK‡ÿ cwiKwíZ KvR
†`b
wkÿv_©x‡ì g‡a¨ bZzb Pvwn`v m„wó K‡ib|
wkÿv_©x‡ì KvR †kªwY‡Z cÖ`k©‡bi eë¯ v K‡ib|
†hvMv‡hvM mKj wkÿv_©xi †evaMg¨ kªeY‡hvM¨ ¯^‡i cvV Dc¯ vcb
`ÿZv K‡ib|
†kªwY‡Z my¯úófv‡e Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡ib|
cvV mswkøó mywbw`©ó I Db¥y³ cÖkœ K‡ib|
wkÿv_©x‡ì mvg_©¨ we‡ePbv K‡i Ges mKj wkï‡K
cÖvavb¨ w`‡q cÖkœ K‡ib|
wkÿv_©x‡ì cÖkœ Kivi my‡hvMmn mK‡ji K_v ejvi
my‡hvM m„wó K‡ib|
†kªwYK‡ÿi †kªwY‡Z eøvK‡evW©mn mswkøó Ab¨vb¨ DcKi‡Yi Kvh©Ki
eë¯ vcbv eënvi wbwðZ K‡ib|
Avmb web¨vm `‡j KvR Kivi Dc‡hvMx wKbv Zv wbwðZ
K‡ib|
we‡kl Pvwn`v m¤úbœ wkÿv_©x‡ì wbKUeZ©x ¯ v‡b emv‡bvi
eë¯ v K‡ib|
AMÖmi wkÿv_©x‡ì we‡kl KvR cÖ`vb K‡ib|
wkÿv_©x‡ì fv‡jv KvR I AvPi‡Yi cÖksmv K‡ib|
wkÿv_©x‡ì bvg a‡i m‡¤^vab K‡ib|
mKj wkïi cÖwZ `„wó ms‡hvM eRvq †i‡L cvV Dc¯ vcb
K‡ib|
DcKi‡Yi GKK I `‡j eënvi‡hvM¨ cvV mswkøó mnRjf¨ I
eënvi `„wób›`b DcKiY eënvi K‡ib|
mKj wkÿv_©xi mgvb my‡hvM wbwðZ K‡i DcKiY
eënvi K‡ib|
`ÿZvi mv‡_ wWwRUvj K‡›U›U •Zwi I eënvi K‡ib|
170
†hvM¨Zvi cvi`wk©Zvi m~PK ZvwiL ZvwiL
†ÿÎ gZvgZ gZvgZ
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
g~j¨vqb †kªwY‡Z cwiKíbv gvwdK wkLbdj Abymv‡i g~j¨vqb
†K․kj cÖ‡qvM K‡ib|
g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ Db¥y³ cÖkœ K‡ib|
wkÿv_©x‡ì wPšÍv Kivi my‡hvM m„wó K‡ib Ges wPšÍv
Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡ib|
BwZevPK wdWe¨vK cÖ`vb K‡ib|
wkÿv_©x‡ì avivevwnK AMÖMwZi †iKW© (cvwÿK)
msiÿY K‡ib|
g~j¨vq‡bi djvd‡ji Dci wfwË K‡i wkÿY cwiKíbv
MÖnY K‡ib|
†ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva I m¤úK© ¯’vcb

mgZvi cÖwZ cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x‡K e¨w³MZfv‡e wP‡bb|
Aw½Kvi cvV`vbmn mKj †ÿ‡Î wkÿv_©x‡ì cÖwZ mgvb g‡bv‡hvM
†`b|
cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki g‡a¨B m¤¢vebv Av‡Q wek¦vm K‡ib|
wPšÍb wb‡Ri Dbœq‡bi †ÿÎ wPwýZ K‡ib|
Abykxjb Ges BwZevPK wdWe¨vK MÖnY K‡ib Ges †m Abyhvqx c`‡ÿc
†ckvMZ MÖnY K‡ib|
Dbœqb
wb‡Ri Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ mnKg©x Ges mswkøó e¨w³e‡M©i
mv‡_ civgk© K‡ib|
wewfbœ Rvb©vj, cwÎKvq †ckv welqK m~wPwšÍZ gZvgZ
cÖKvk K‡ib|
¯ vbxq mnKg©x‡ì mv‡_ PgrKvi m¤úK© eRvq iv‡Lb|
RbM‡Yi mv‡_ cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©xi Awffve‡Ki cÖwZ BwZevPK g‡bvfve
KvR †cvlY K‡ib|
wbqwgZ †nvgwfwRUmn wkÿv_©x m¤ú‡K© Awffve‡Ki
mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡ib|
gvb gv‡bi e¨vL¨v

4 Lye fv‡jv
3 fv‡jv
2 †gvUvgywU
1 fv‡jv bq
171
cvV cwiKíbv I cvV we‡køl‡Yi Rb¨ †MÖwWs †¯‥j|
iæweªK Gi bgybv
†¯‥vi
K¨vUvMwi wb‡gœi 1 †_‡K 5Gi eY©bv †_‡K †h †Kv‡bv GKwU evQvB Kiæb
1 2 3 4 5
A cv‡Vi msMwZnxb wkLbdj †evaMg¨ wkLbdj wba©viY my¯úó wkLbdj my¯úó wkLbdj my¯úó, mywbw`©ó
Awf‡cÖZ wbav©iY Ges Awf‡cÖZ Kiv| Awf‡cÖZ wkLbdj wba©viY Kiv| wba©viY Kiv| Ges AR©b‡hvM¨
wkLbdj Ges wkLb d‡ji Dci mvgvb¨ we‡ePbvq wb‡q cvV Awf‡cÖZ wkLbdj Awf‡cÖZ wkLbdj wkLbdj wbav©iY
Kiv| Awf‡cÖZ
AwR©Z g‡bvwb‡ek bv K‡iB cwiKíbv/ cwiPvjbv Kiv| Abymi‡Y cvV Abymi‡Y cvV wkLbdj AR©‡bi
wkLbd‡ji cvV Awf‡cÖZ wkLb d‡ji mv‡_ cwiKíbv/ cwiKíbv/ j‡ÿ¨ h_vh_ cvV
g‡a¨ m¤úK© cwiKíbv/cwiPvjbv AvswkK m½wZc~Y© wkLb cwiPvjbv Kiv | cwiPvjbv Kiv | cwiKíbv/
Kiv| Awf‡cÖZ dj AR©b Kiv| Awf‡cÖZ wkLb Awf‡cÖZ wkLb cwiPvjbv Kiv|
wkLbd‡ji mv‡_ d‡ji mv‡_ d‡ji mv‡_ m¤ú~Y© Awf‡cÖZ wkLb
m½wZwenxb wkLbdj m½wZc~Y© MÖnY‡hvM¨ m½wZc~Y© wkLbdj d‡ji mv‡_
m½wZc~Y©
AR©b Kiv ev †Kv‡bv wkLbdj AR©b AR©b Kiv| D”PgvÎvq
wkLbdjB AR©b bv Kiv| wkLbdj AR©b
Kiv| Kiv|
B wkLb cÖwµqv avcmg~‡ni g‡a¨ avcmg~‡ni g‡a¨ avcmg~‡ni g‡a¨ GK avc †_‡K Ab¨ GK avc †_‡K
(avcmg~n cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K©i cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K©i wel‡q cvi¯úwiK av‡c h_vh_ fv‡e Ab¨ av‡c
Ges wkLb- wel‡q g‡bv‡hvM bv wKQyUv g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv| m¤ú‡K©i wel‡q cwiMgb Kiv| ¯^vfvweKfv‡e
†kLv‡bv †Ìqv| wkLb wkÿv_©xiv Kxfv‡e †k‡L- chv©ß g‡bv‡hvM cÖZ¨vwkZ cÖwµqvi cwiMgb Kiv|
Kvh©µg cÖwµqvq †ewkifvM welqwU K`vwPr we‡ePbvq †Ìqv| wkÿv_©xiv gva¨‡g wkÿ_©x‡ì mZK©Zvi mwnZ
evQvB Gi wkÿ_©x‡K m¤ú„³ Avbv| wkLb cÖwµqv †_‡K Kxfv‡e †k‡L- wkL‡Z DrmvwnZ cwiKwíZ
g‡a¨ Gi Ki‡Z bv cviv| wKQy wkÿv_x©‡K evB‡i welqwU we‡ePbvq Kiv| mKj cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g
c‡ivÿfv‡e
g‡a¨ ms‡hvM) ivLv| Avbv| †kªwYi wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb
wkÿv_x©‡ì
†ewkifvM wkÿv_x©i †kLv‡b Kv‡R wkL‡b mnvqZv
wkLb wbwðZ Kiv| m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z me Kiv | wkL‡b
iKg cÖ‡Póv Kiv| mKj wkÿv_x©i
m¤ú„³Zv wbwðZ
Kiv|
C wkÿv_©xi wkÿK KZ„©K welq wkÿv_x©‣ì wbR¯^ Ávb I wkÿv_x©‣ì wbR¯^ wkÿv_x©‡ì wkÿv_x‡ì GKK
wPšÍb I e¯‧i e¨vL¨v‡ZB aviYv cÖKv‡ki mvgvb¨ aviYv cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ AcwiwPZ, Ges †h․_
wkL‡bi †ewki fvM mgq e¨q my‡hvM †Ìqv| cv‡V hv wKQy cwigvY my‡hvM A‡cÿK…Z KwVb D‡`¨v‡M †Kv‡bv
my‡hvM Kiv| cvV¨cy¯Í‡K wKQy Av‡Q †kLv‡bv n‡q‡Q †Ìqv| wkÿv_x©‡ì (Challenging) cÖkœ •Zwi Ki‡Z,
ewY©Z bZzb kãvewj wkÿv_x©‡ì Zv gyL¯  ej‡Z Ggb KvR †Ìqv cÖkœ mgvavb Ki‡Z †m cÖ‡kœi DË‡ii
Ges aviYv †Ìqv| c~‡e© †kLv‡bv ev hvi mgvavb Kiv †Ìqv| cÖ`Ë cwiKíbv
wkÿv_©x‡ì co‡Z cwiwPZ †Kv‡bv c×wZ Zv‡ì Rb¨ cÖYq‡b,
mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi
cwiKíbv
A_ev gyL¯  Ki‡Z (Procedure)Abymi‡Y A‡cÿvK…Z KwVb †ÿ‡Î cwiKíbv Abymi‡Y Ges
†Ìqv| †Kv‡bv m¤úbœ Kiv hvq Ggb wKQy (Challenging) cÖYq‡b, cwiKíbv Dcmsnv‡i
mgm¨v wb‡q KvR wkÿv_x©‡ì Ki‡Z wKš‧ Zv‡ì Abymi‡Y Ges †cu․Qv‡Z
wkÿv_©x‡ì K`vwPr †Ìqv| mvg‡_©ï g‡a¨ Dcmsnv‡i †cu․Qv‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq
wPšÍv Kivi my‡hvM mgvavb Kiv m¤¢e| wkÿv_©x‡ì mvnv‡h¨ mnqZv cÖ`vb
†Ìqv| Kiv| Kiv|
D [ ïay gvÎ eZ©gvb cvV Ges eZ©gvb cvV Ges cÖv_wgK cÖv_wgK cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi we`¨vjq chv©‡q
wWwcGW/wm- cªv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi we`¨vj‡qi cv‡Vi g‡a¨ we`¨vj‡qii wkLb wkLb †kLv‡bvi cv‡Vvbœq‡bi
Bb-GW cv‡Vi g‡a¨ m¤ú‡K©i m¤ú‡K©i †ÿ‡Î wKQy †kLv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î †ÿ‡Î GB cv‡Vi j‡ÿ¨ GB cvVwU
cÖwkÿY] †ÿ‡Î mvgvb¨ cwigvY g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv| GB cv‡Vi ¸iZ¡ I ¸iæZ¡ I cªv_wgK
cÖv_wgK g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv| cÖ‡qvRbxqZv cÖ‡qvRbxqZv we`¨vj‡qi wkLb-
we`¨vj‡qi m¤ú‡K© wkÿv_©x‡ì m¤ú‡K© wkÿv_x©‡ì †kLv‡bvi Rb¨
cv‡Vi gvb m‡PZb Kiv| cÖv‡qvwMK Dcjwä Kxfv‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
Dbœq‡b AR©‡bi my‡hvM Zvi my¯úó
Ae`v‡bi gvÎv †Ìqv| wb‡`©kbv †Ìqv|
172
cvV ch©‡eÿY QK
ch©‡eÿ‡Ki bvg t ZvwiL t
wkÿ‡Ki bvg t we`¨vj‡qi bvg t
welq t †kªwY t
cvV ïiæi mgq cvV mgvwßi mgq t
1 2 3
1| †kªwYKÿ eë¯ vcbv h_vh_
2| cv‡Vi welqe¯‧i Ici Ávb I Dcjw× cÖ`k©b
3| my¯úó wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb
wkÿ‡Ki AvPiY/Kvh©vewj 4| mwVK Z_¨ cwi‡ekb
5| wkÿK ms¯‥iY ev mnvqK cy¯Í‡Ki eënvi
6| wkÿv_©x‡ì ev¯Íe AwfÁZvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³KiY
7| cvV mswkøó Dchy³ wk‡ÿvcKi‡Yi eënvi
8| wkLbdj, Kvh©µg I eivÏK…Z mg‡qi g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab
9| PK †ev‡W©i eënvi
10| wkLbdj AR©b Dc‡hvMx Kvh©µg wba©viY
11| wkÿv_©x‡ì gZvg‡Zi cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb
12| wkL‡b wkÿv_©x‡ì m¤ú„³KiY
13| wkÿv_©x‡ì Drmvn cÖ`vb
14| wkÿK KZ©„K Ny‡i Ny‡i wkÿv_©x‡ì KvR ch©‡eÿY
15| cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi wkLb we‡ePbv
16| wkÿv_©x‡ì cÖ‡kœi DËi cÖ`vb
17| wkÿv_©x‡ì cÖwZ eÜzfvevcbœ AvPiY
18| wkÿv_©xi wPšÍv Kivi my‡hvM m„wó
19| cv‡Vi wkLbdj I Kvh©µgmg~‡ni g‡a¨ †h․w³K m¤úK© ¯ vcb
20| wbivc` I ksKvgy³ wkLb Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek m„wó
21| †kªwY Kvh©µ‡g wkÿv_©x‡ì mwµq AskMÖnY
22| wkÿv_©x‡ì ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ gZ wewbgq
wkÿv_©xi AvPiY/Kvh©vewj 23| wkÿv_©x wkÿK gZ wewbgq
24| wkÿv_©xiv ¯^Ztù~Z© I nvwmLywk
25| AwaKvsk mg‡q wkÿv_©xiv Kv‡R e¨¯Í _v‡K
26| wkÿv_©x‡ì wkÿ‡Ki wb‡`©kbv AbymiY K‡i
27| wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLbdj AR©b
28| wkÿv_©x‡ì AvZ¥wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ wkLb cÖwµqvq AskMÖnY
29| †kªwY Kvh©µ‡gi AwaKvsk mgq wkÿv_©x KZ©„K e¨q nq
mej w`K
Dbœq‡bi †ÿÎ
Ab¨vb¨ gšÍe¨ (hw` _v‡K)
gvb gv‡bi e¨vL¨v

3 Lye fv‡jv
2 fv‡jv
1 fv‡jv bq
173
djveZ©b QK
ch©‡eÿKMY cvV ch©‡eÿY I †kªwY wkÿ‡Ki m‡½ Av‡jvPbv K‡i djveZ©‡bi mvi ms‡ÿc wjL‡eb
µwgK ch©‡eÿ‡Ki bvg I †kªwY/welq cv‡Vi mej Dbœq‡bi c~e© ch©‡eÿ‡Y ch©‡eÿ‡Ki
bs cèx w`K †ÿÎmg~n (wkÿK wb‡`©wkZ `~e©j ¯^vÿi I
†hvM¨ZvwfwËK) †ÿ‡Î AwR©Z ZvwiL
mvdj¨
(Z_¨m~Î : cvV mgxÿv ev¯Íevqb †K․kj (2014), cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi)
174
cÖkœgvjv : 8
K. mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. eûgyLx wkLb c×wZ ej‡Z Kx ey‡Sb? eûgyLx wkLb ZË¡ †K D™¢veb K‡ib?
2. wkïiv †k‡L Kxfv‡e ms‡ÿ‡c e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
3. wkLb ej‡Z Kx ey‡Sb?
4. wkL‡bi ch©vq KqwU I Kx Kx?
5. nvIqvW© MvW©bv‡ii g‡Z gvby‡li Kgc‡ÿ Kq ai‡bi eyw×gËv Av‡Q Ges Kx Kx?
6. ch©‡eÿY c×wZ‡Z cvV`v‡bi mgq Kx Kx mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z nq wjLyb|
7. GKwU cv‡Vi Kxfv‡e gvb Dbœqb NUv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i wjLyb|
1. nvIqvW© MvW©bvi-Gi g‡Z gvby‡li Kgc‡ÿ Kx Kx ai‡bi eyw×gËv Av‡Q? eyw×gËvmg~‡ni cÖ‡Z¨KwUi wZbwU jÿY
wjLyb|
2. eûgyLx wkLb c×wZi myweav I Amyweav Kx Kx wjLyb|
3. cÖ`k©b c×wZ ej‡Z Kx ey‡Sb? cÖ`k©b c×wZ‡Z cvV`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î Kx Kx myweav I Amyweav wjLyb|
4. cÖ`k©b c×wZ‡K Kvh©Ki Kivi Dcvqmg~n e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
5. cixÿY c×wZ‡Z wkÿv`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkÿ‡Ki Kibxq Kx Kx wkLyb| cixÿY c×wZi myweav¸‡jv wjLyb|
6. ch©‡eÿY c×wZ ej‡Z Kx ey‡Sb? ch©‡eÿY c×wZ‡Z cvV`v‡bi myweav-Amyweav¸‡jv eY©bv Kiæb|
7. cvV mgxÿvi D‡Ïk¨ Kx Kx? gvb m¤§Z wkÿY P‡µi cwiKíbv ch©v‡qi avcmg~n eY©bv Kiæb|
8. gvb m¤§Z wkÿY P‡µi cvV ch©‡eÿY ch©v‡qi avcmg~n eY©bv Kiæb|
9. wkÿY P‡µi AvIZvq GKwU cv‡Vi cv‡VvËi Av‡jvPbvi we‡eP¨ welqmg~n e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
Z_¨m~Î :
1. gwnDwÏb, G,GBP,Gg I Ab¨vb¨ (2008), wcwUAvB BÝUªv±i cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi,
XvKv|
2. ingvb, Gm,Gg gwdRyi I Ab¨vb¨ (2002), weÁvb, wm Bb GW, RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg|
3. ivLx, wkwib Avjøv I Ab¨vb¨ (2002), wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ, RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg|
4. cvV mgxÿv ev¯Íevqb †K․kj (2014), cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, XvKv|
175
BDwbU 9 : cvV cwiKíbv I wk‡ÿvcKiY
myôz cwiKíbv myôz Kv‡Ri c~e©kZ©| myôz cwiKíbvi Dci †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri mvdj¨ A‡bKvs‡k wbf©i K‡i| mv_©K cvV `v‡bi
Rb¨ myôz cwiKíbv cÖ‡qvRb| cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡i Zv †kªwYK‡ÿ ev¯Íevqb Kiv wkÿ‡Ki Acwinvh© GKwU KvR|
GKwU cvV cwiKíbvq †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ KLb Kx KvR Ki‡Z n‡e, Kxfv‡e Ki‡Z n‡e, wkÿK Kx KvR
Ki‡eb, Kxfv‡e Ki‡eb, wkÿv_x©iv Kx KvR Ki‡e, Kxfv‡e Ki‡e, wbw`ó© mg‡qi KZUzKz †Kv‡bv Kv‡R e¨q Kiv n‡e,
Kx Kx DcKiY Kxfv‡e eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e, wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ KvRwU Kxfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv n‡e, wkLbdj Kxfv‡e AR©b
n‡e, cvV PjvKvjxb I cvV †k‡l Kxfv‡e g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e BZ¨vw` D‡jøL _v‡K| Kv‡RB †kÖwY Kvh©µg myôz I
my›ìfv‡e m¤úv`b Ki‡Z n‡j Aek¨B GKUv cvV cwiKíbv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| myZivs †kªwY wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg
cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wkÿ‡Ki cÖ¯w‘ Z ev cwiKíbv‡K cvV cwiKíbv e‡j| cvV cwiKíbv Abyhvqx †kªwY wkLb †kLv‡bv
Kvh©µg mv_©Kfv‡e m¤cv`‡bi j‡ÿ¨ wk‡ÿvcKi‡Yi h_vh_ eënvi AZxe ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
G †cÖwÿ‡Z we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ G BDwbU‡K PviwU mve BDwb‡U fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgbÑ
9.1-evwl©K cvV cwiKíbv
9.2- cvV cwiKíbv
9.3- wk‡ÿvcKiY, cÖKvi I eënviwewa
9.4- cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x g~j¨vqb
9.1 evwl©K cvV cwiKíbv

mviveQi a‡i eQ‡ii wbw`©ó Kg©wèm¸‡jv‡Z †Kv‡bv wel‡q KZUzKz cov‡bv n‡e Zvi cwiKíbv KivB n‡jv evwl©K cvV
cwiKíbv| evwl©K cvV cwiKíbv Ki‡j †kÖwYi mKj wel‡qi welqe¯‧¸‡jv wbw`ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ my›ìfv‡e cvV`vb Kiv
m¤¢e nq| we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK wkwÿKv e„›`‡K cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki †bZ…‡Z¡ mg‡eZfv‡e wkÿve‡l©i ïiy‡ZB cvV cwiKíbv
MÖn‡Yi cÖ‡Póv Ki‡Z nq Ges wb‡¤œi c`‡ÿcmg~n AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e|
 cwiKíbv cÖYqbKv‡j cÖ_‡g eQ‡ii 365 w`b †_‡K mvßvwnK QzwUmn Aby‡gvw`Z QzwUi ZvwjKv Abyhvqx
Ab¨vb¨ QzwUi †gvU w`b¸‡jv ev` w`‡Z n‡e|
 cixÿv MÖnY I mnwkÿvµwgK Kvh©vewj †hgb- wkÿvcÿ cvjb, evwl©K µxovbyôvb, wgjv`, eb‡fvRb,
wkÿvågY BZ¨vw` w`‡bi msL¨v ev` w`‡q †h w`b¸‡jv Aewkó _vK‡e †m¸‡jv n‡e eQ‡ii g~j Kg©wèm|
 Kg©wèm¸‡jvi wcwiq‡Wi msL¨v wkÿvµ‡gi KvVv‡gv‡Z cÖ`Ë wb‡`©k Abyhvqx wewfbœ wel‡qi g‡a¨ fvM
Ki‡Z n‡e| g‡b Kiyb, †Kv‡bv eQ‡ii †Kv‡bv GKwU †kªwYi Rb¨ †gvU Kg©wèm cvIqv hvq 228 w`b Ges
†m †kªwY‡Z M‡o cÖwZw`b K¬vm nq 6 wcwiqW| Zvn‡j cÖvc¨ †gvU wcwiqW msL¨v n‡e 228 × 6 = 1368|
GB wcwiqW¸‡jv †mB †kªwYi wewfbœ wel‡qi ¸iyZ¡ Abyhvqx eÈb Ki‡Z n‡e| GB eÈ‡bi †ejvq
cvVµwgK Kv‡Ri mv‡_ mnwkÿv µwgK Kvh©vewji welqI g‡b ivL‡Z nq| A_©vr †Ljvayjv, wewPÎvbyôvb,
nv‡Zi KvR, evMv‡bi KvR, BZ¨vwì Rb¨ eQ‡i †h wcwiqW¸‡jv e¨vwqZ n‡e Zv 1368 †_‡K ev` w`‡q
†kªwYK‡ÿ cvV`v‡bi †gvU wcwiqW cvIqv hv‡e|
 †Kv‡bv wel‡qi Rb¨ cÖvc¨ †gvU wcwiq‡Wi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv Kv‡R KZ wcwiqW e¨q Ki‡e Zv wba©viY Ki‡Z
n‡e| D`vniY¯îƒc, evsjv wel‡q †Kv‡bv M‡íi Rb¨ KZ wcwiqW Ges †Kv‡bv KweZvi Rb¨ KZ wcwiqW
e¨q Kiv n‡e Zv Av‡M †_‡KB wVK K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi †ejvqI GKB ai‡bi eë¯ v wb‡Z
n‡e|
176
evwl©K cvV cwiKíbv Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv :
 evwl©K Kg©cwiKíbvi mwVK ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e nq|
 mKj wel‡qi myôz mgš^q mvab nq|
 eQ‡ii †Kvb gv‡m, †Kvb mßv‡n cvV¨ eB‡qi KZUzKz cov‡Z n‡e Zv wkÿ‡Ki Rvbv _v‡K|
 cvV¨m~wPi KZUzKz †Kvb gv‡m †kl K‡i‡Qb Avi KZUzKz evwK Av‡Q, AwZwi³ K¬v‡mi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e wKbv Zv
wkÿK eyS‡Z cv‡ib|
 cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©M, eb¨v BZ¨vwì Kvi‡Y h_vh_fv‡e AbymiY Kiv m¤¢e bv n‡j `ªæZ Kxfv‡e wm‡jevm I
evwl©K cvV cwiKíbvi g‡a¨ mgš^q Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wkÿK wVK K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib|
 evwl©K cvV cwiKíbvi Dci wfwË K‡iB •`wbK cvV cwiKíbvi welq wbe©vPb Kiv nq Ges Zvi Dci wfwË
K‡iB •`wbK cvV cwiKíbv Kiv nq|
 •`wbK cvV cwiKíbvi welqe¯‧ I Ask we‡kl wba©vi‡Y wkÿK‡K †Kv‡bv Amyweavq co‡Z nq bv|
 `ªæZ ev axiMwZ cvV`v‡bi †Kv‡bv AeKvk †bB| cvV`vb ¯^vfvweK MwZ‡Z GwM‡q P‡j|
wb‡¤œi QK †gvZv‡eK evwl©K cvV cwiKíbv Kiv hvq :

gv‡mi bvg †gvU Kg© wèm †gvU K¬vm welqe¯‘ ev cvV wcwiqW
Rvbyqvwi
†deªæqvwi
gvP©
GwcÖj
†g
Ryb
RyjvB
AvM÷
†m‡Þ¤î
A‡±vei
b‡f¤î
wW‡m¤î cixÿv I djvdj cÖKvk
mvßvwnK iæwUb
evwl©K Kg©-cwiKíbvi ciB Av‡m mvßvwnK iywU‡bi K_v| cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii wkÿvµ‡gi KvVv‡gv‡Z cÖ`Ë wewfbœ wel‡qi
wcwiq‡Wi msL¨v Abyhvqx mvßvwnK Kg©m~wP ev iywUb •Zwi Ki‡Z n‡e| iywUb evi wfwËK A_ev wkÿK wfwËK n‡Z cv‡i|
evi wfwËK iywUb we`¨vjq cwiKíbv Ges wkï‡ì Abymi‡Yi c‡ÿ myweavRbK| wkÿK wfwËK iywUb wkÿK‡ì eënv‡ii
Rb¨ myweavRbK Ges Zv‡ì •`wbK I mvßvwnK Kg©fvi Rvbvi c‡ÿ mnvqK| evi wfwËK iywU‡bi Av‡jv‡K wkÿK wfwËK
iywUb •Zwi K‡i Dfq cÖKvi iywUb we`¨vj‡q ivLv ìKvi|
177
mgqm~Px ev iæwUb ¯‥z‡ji wØZxq Nwoiƒ‡c AwfwnZ| Avi Gi cÖ¯w‧ Z c×wZ ¯‥zj cÖkvmb K‡g©i cÖvYwe›`y| K‡qK wel‡qi
Dci wfwË K‡i mgqm~Px wba©vwiZ nq| wkÿve‡l©i mgqmxgv, we`¨vj‡qi Kv‡Ri w`‡bi e¨vwß I weiwZ cÖv_wgK we‡ePbvi
welq| †Kbbv, cÖ‡Z¨K welq ev Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wK cwigvY mgq cÖ‡qvRb, Zv wba©vwiZ nq cÖwZw`‡bi †gvU Kvh©Kvj wnmve
K‡i| Avgv‡ì †`‡k eQ‡ii Kv‡Ri w`bmsL¨v I wcwiq‡Wi we¯Í…wZKvj wbw`©ó K‡i †`b ¯ vbxq wkÿv KZ©„cÿ| Z‡e mKj
†ÿ‡Î KvwiKzjv‡g wb‡`©wkZ mgq-eÈb wnmv‡ei mv‡_ msMwZ †i‡L GUv Kiv nq bv|
wkÿ‡Ki msL¨v, Zv‡ì wkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zv gvb, AvmevecÎ, wkÿv-DcKiY, †kÖwY N‡ii AvKvi-AvqZb I ¯ v‡bi cwigvY
BZ¨vw` wel‡qi wPšÍv-fvebv mgqm~wP cÖ¯Z
‧ Kv‡R cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i _v‡K|
eøK wUwPs iæwUb n‡e wkï †Kw›`ªK| †kÖwYi wkï‡ì †kLvi cÖ‡qvR‡b mßv‡n †Kvb wel‡q KZUv ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e Ges mgq
e¨q K‡i wkLv‡Z n‡e, †Kvb †Kvb wel‡q KZUv wcwiqW ivL‡Z n‡e, †m wel‡q wkÿK‡K me mgq wPšÍv-fvebv Ki‡Z
n‡e| Zv‡ì †kLvi cÖ‡qvR‡b mywPwšÍZ iæwUb cÖYqb I Zv Nb Nb cybwe©b¨vm Ki‡Z n‡e| GB eë¯ vq wkÿKB n‡”Qb
iæwUb I c×wZ| wkÿK‡K g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †kÖwYi wkï‡ì †kLvi cÖ‡qvR‡bB iæwUb, wkLbKg© iæwU‡bi Aaxb bq| GB
iæwUb n‡e h_vm¤¢e bgbxq I cwieZ©bkxj|
hv †nvK, mgqm~wP‡Z ¯‥z‡ji Kv‡Ri mgq‡K K‡qKwU wcwiq‡W fvM K‡i †`Lv‡bv nq| †Kvb wcwiq‡W †Kvb †kÖwY‡Z Kx
cov‡bv n‡e Zv †`Lv‡bv nq| †Kvb µ‡g Kx KvR n‡e Zvi wb‡`©k _v‡K I †Kvb wkÿK KLb, †Kv_vq, Kx cov‡eb Zvi
D‡jøL _v‡K| Nwoi KuvUv Nyievi mv‡_ mv‡_ ¯‥z‡ji KvR mgqm~wP Abymv‡i GwM‡q P‡j| mgqm~wPi w`‡K GKevi †PvL
eywj‡q wb‡jB mg¯Í ¯‥z‡ji †Kv_vq Kx n‡”Q Zvi GKwU cwi®‥vi Qwe †Pv‡Li mvg‡b †f‡m I‡V| we`¨vj‡qi mykvmb I
kvwšÍ k„•Ljv mgqm~wPi eë¯ vcbvi Dci eûjvs‡k wbf©i K‡i| Kv‡RB we`¨vj‡q mgqm~wPi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acwimxg|
mgqm~wP •Zwii e¨vcv‡i jÿYxq welq :
wb‡Pi welq¸‡jvi cÖwZ we‡kl jÿ¨ †i‡L mgqm~wP •Zwi Kiv DwPZÑ
 KvwiKzjv‡gi AšÍM©Z mg¯Í welq wkÿv`v‡bi eë¯ v Kiv;
 mg¯Í †kÖwY‡K GK‡hv‡M Kv‡R wbhy³ ivLvi eë¯ v Kiv hv‡Z we`¨vj‡qi kvwšÍ-k„•Ljv AÿzYœ _v‡K;
 wkÿv_©xi eqm I mvg_©¨ Abymv‡i GK GKwU cv‡Vi Rb¨ mgq wba©viY Kiv| cÖwZwU wcwiqW 40
wgwbU mgq a‡i cv‡Vi Rb¨ mgq wba©viY Kiv mgxPxb;
 ch©vqµ‡g w`‡bi cÖ_g fv‡M KwVb welq I †kl fv‡M mnR welq wkÿv`v‡bi eë¯ v Kiv|
†Ljvayjv, Pviæ I KviæKjv Ges msMxZ wkÿvi eë¯ v me‡k‡l nIqvB evÃbxq;
 wel‡qi ¸iæZ¡, KvwVb¨ I cwigvY Abyhvqx •`wnK I mvßvwnK wel‡q KZ wcwiqW cvV †Ìqv
mgxPxb Zv wba©viY Kiv;
 wkÿ‡Ki wkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zv, AwfÁZv, Kg©`ÿZv, e¨w³Z¡ wel‡qi cÖwZ AbyivM BZ¨vw`
we‡ePbvc~e©K wewfbœ †kÖwY‡Z welq wkÿv`v‡bi Rb¨ Kv‡Ri mylg eÈ‡bi eë¯ v Kiv;
 cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿK‡K •`wbK AšÍZ `yB wcwiqW wekÖvg †Ìqvi eë¯ v Kiv;
 wè‡mi ga¨fvM wkÿK-wkÿv_©xi wekÖv‡gi Rb¨ cvV`v‡bi KvR 30 wgwbU ¯ wMZ ivLv;
 †kÖwY-wkÿK‡K Zuvi †kÖwY‡Z †ewk wcwiqW Ges welq-wkÿK‡K Zvi wbw`©ó wel‡qi wcwiqW †`qvi
eë¯ v Kiv;
 cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cuvP †kÖwY‡Z cuvP Rb wkÿK/wkwÿKv bv _vKv Ae¯ vq GKRb wkÿK/wkwÿKvi
GK‡Î `yB †kÖwYi KvR cwiPvjbvi mgq GK †kÖwY‡Z cVb I Ab¨ †kÖwY‡Z wjLb ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv
KvR †Ìqv;
 mnwkÿvµwgK Kvh©µ‡gi eë¯ v ivLv;
 Kg©‡Kw›`ªK wkÿvi eë¯ v ivLv;
 cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q cÖ‡Z¨K wcwiq‡Wi ci cuvP wgwbU K‡i Kg©weiwZi eë¯ v ivLv;
 cÖ_g I wØZxq †kÖwY‡Z †kÖwY wkÿK eë¯ v cÖeZ©b|
178
9.2 : cvV cwiKíbv
†Kv‡bv KvR myôy I Kvh©Kifv‡e m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb mywPwšÍZ cwiKíbv| eZ©gvb cVb cvVb eë¯ v †hvM¨Zv I
wkLb dj wfwËK| †kÖwYK‡ÿ †Kvb wel‡qi welqe¯‧ wbe©vPb K‡i Zvi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv Kx n‡e, D³ †hvM¨Zvi
wkLbdj¸‡jv Kx, wkLbdj Abyhvqx welqe¯‧ Kxfv‡e cvV w`‡Z n‡e, cv‡V wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ Kxfv‡e wkLbdj AR©b
Kiv‡Z n‡e,Kx DcKiY Ges Kxfv‡e eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e, wkÿK Kx KvR Ki‡eb, wkÿv_©xiv Kx KvR Ki‡eb Zvi GKUv
myweb¨¯Í wjwLZ eY©bvB n‡”Q cvV cwiKíbv|
cvV cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkÿK‡K †hme w`K we‡ePbvq Avb‡Z n‡e, Zv n‡jv :
 cv‡Vi wk‡ivbvg Kx;
 †Kvb †kÖwY‡Z cvV`vb Ki‡Z n‡e;
 cv‡Vi Kvw•ÿZ †hvM¨Zv Kx;
 cv‡Vi AvPiwYK D‡Ïk¨/wkLbdj¸‡jv Kx;
 cvV †_‡K wkÿv_©xiv Kx Kx aviYv cv‡e;
 aviYv¸‡jv my¯úó Kivi Rb¨ †Kvb †Kvb wkLb †kLv‡bv cÖwµqv/ `ÿZvi eënvi Kiv n‡e;
 wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj Kx Kx;
 cvV mswkøó †Kvb †Kvb DcKiY eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e;
 wkÿv_©xiv wkLbdj AR©b Kij wKbv Rvbvi †K․kj wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e;
 Kx ai‡bi wbivgqg~jK eë¯ v w`‡Z n‡e, Zv wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e|
DwjøwLZ welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡Ri cwiKíbv Ki‡j wkÿK avivevwnKZv iÿv K‡i wkÿv_©xi wbKU
welqe¯‧‡K Avb›``vqK, n„`qMÖvnx I djcÖm~ K‡i Zzj‡Z mÿg n‡eb| wkÿK wkÿv_©xi mwµq AskMÖnYI wbwðZ Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb| G‡Z wkÿv_©xiv weÁvbm¤§Z Ávb, `ÿZv I `„wófw½i AwaKvix n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq|
cvV cwiKíbvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

mwVKfv‡e cvV cwiKíbv Ki‡jÑ
 wkLb †kLv‡bv D‡Ïk¨ Rvbv hvq;
 cv‡Vi welq m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbv hvq;
 cvV`v‡bi Dchy³ c×wZ I †K․kj wba©viY Kiv I eënvi Kiv hvq;
 mswkøó cv‡V Kx Kx DcKiY eëüZ n‡e wkÿK Zv c~‡e©B msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡ib;
 myk„•Lj, avivevwnK I g‡bv‣eÁvwbK cvV Dc¯ vcb Kiv hvq;
 mg‡qi AcPq †iva Kiv hvq;
 wkÿv_©x‡ì mwµq AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv hvq;
 g~j¨vq‡bi †K․kj m¤ú‡K© w`K wb‡`©kbv cvIqv hvq Ges wkÿv_©x‡ì Ávb, `ÿZv Ges †Kv‡bv
†Kv‡bv †ÿ‡Î g‡bvfve hvPvB Kiv hvq;
 wcwQ‡q cov wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ wbivgqg~jK eë¯ v cÖ`vb Ges AMÖMvgx wkÿv_©x‡ì wkL‡b mnvqZv
Kiv hvq;
 cvV`vb cÖwµqv AvKl©Yxq, Avb›``vqK, djcÖm~ I `xN©¯v  qx nq|
179
cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb
cÖL¨vZ Rvg©vb wkÿvwe` I `vk©wbK Rb †d«WvwiK nve©vU cÖ_g cvV cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi Dci ¸iæZ¡ Abyfe K‡ib Ges Gi
g‡bvweÁvbm¤§Z Zvrch© Zz‡j a‡ib| nve©vU cvV-cwiKíbvi cuvPwU †mvcvb ev ¯Íi ev av‡ci K_v e‡j‡QbÑ
1| cÖ¯w‧ Z (Preparation)
2| Dc¯ vcb (Presentation)
3| Zzjbv (Comparison)
4| Abyl½ ev mvaviYxKiY (Generalization)
5| cÖ‡qvM (Application)
cieZ©xKv‡j GB †mvcvb¸‡jv‡K wb¤œwjwLZ wZbwU †mvcv‡b mgwš^Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zzjbv I mvaviYxKiY G `ywU †mvcvb‡K
Dc¯ vcb †mvcv‡b mgwš^Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| mgwš^Z wZbwU †mvcvb n‡”QÑ
1| cÖ¯w‧ Z
2| Dc¯ vcb
3| cÖ‡qvM I g~j¨vqb
cvV cwiKíbv‡K mswÿß AvKv‡i wjL‡j Zv‡K ejv nq cvVUxKv |

cvV cwiKíbv •Zwii avcmg~n
†h †Kv‡bv wel‡qi cvV cwiKíbv iPbvq wkÿKMY mvaviYZ †hme avc we‡ePbv Ki‡eb †m¸‡jv n‡jv :
 cwiwPwZ
cvV UxKvi cÖ_g AskwUi bvg ÔcwiwPwZÕ| G As‡k `yB ai‡bi Z_¨ †jLv nq| h_v :
1| wkÿK, wkÿv_©x, we`¨vjq, †kÖwY msµvšÍ Z_¨ Ges
2| cvV¨ welq msµvšÍ Z_¨
 cÖ¯‘wZ Ask
cvV cwiPvjbvi mvdj¨ eûjvs‡k wkÿ‡Ki cÖ¯w‧ Zi Dci wbf©ikxj| †kªwY‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡iB wkÿK wkÿ_©x‡ì mv‡_ mvjvg
I Kzkj wewbgq Ki‡eb Ges cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx †kªwYweb¨vm Ki‡eb| AZtci cÖvmw•MK NUbv e‡j cv‡Vi cÖwZ
wkÿv_©x‡ì g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y I AvMÖn m„wó Ki‡eb| Gici c~e© cvV †_‡K cÖkœ K‡i A_ev bZzb cvV m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ K‡iI
c~e© Ávb hvPvB Ki‡eb| Gfv‡e wkÿv_©xi gb‡K cvV MÖn‡Y cÖ¯Z
‧ K‡i I Zvi g‡b †K․Z‚nj m„wó K‡i wkÿK cvV †NvlYv
Ki‡eb Ges cv‡Vi wk‡ivbvg PK‡ev‡W© wj‡L †`‡eb|
 cvV Dc¯’vcb
cvV Dc¯ vcb cvV`v‡bi me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© avc| wkÿK AvPiwYK D‡Ïk¨/wkLbdj Abyhvqx cv‡Vi g~j welq‡K K‡qKwU
myweav RbK As‡k fvM K‡i aviYv¸‡jv‡K (Concepts) web¨¯Í Ki‡eb| aviYv n‡jv cwVZe¨ wel‡qi g~j ev mviK_v|
GKwU cvVUxKvq mvaviYZ A‡bK¸‡jv D‡Ïk¨ ev aviYv wjL‡Z nq| aviYv‡K †QvU †QvU evK¨ ev kã eënvi K‡i cÖKvk
180
Kiv nq| Gici wkÿK ax‡i ax‡i welqe¯‧i g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Ki‡eb| avivevwnKZv iÿv K‡i welqe¯‧ wkÿv_©x‡ì wbKU
Dc¯ vcb Ki‡eb|
 Dc¯ vc‡bi ch©v‡q wZwb wewfbœ wkLb c×wZ I DcKiY eënvi Ki‡eb|

 cv‡V wkÿv_©x‡ì mwµq AskMÖnY wbwðZ Ki‡eb|
 cvV PjvKvjxb mg‡q wkÿK PK‡evW©, cvV¨ eB BZ¨vw` eënvi Ki‡eb|
GB ch©vqwU cvVUxKvi me‡P‡q `xN©Zg Ges Gi gva¨‡gB wkÿv_©xiv wba©vwiZ welqwU AvqË Ki‡Z †k‡L|
 g~j¨vqb
g~j¨vqb cv‡Vi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ges Acwinvh© Ask| g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿK †R‡b †b‡eb cv‡Vi cÖwZwU D‡Ïk¨ mwVKfv‡e
AwR©Z n‡q‡Q wKbv| cÖ‡kœvËi g~j¨vq‡bi cÖavb †K․kj| Gi gva¨‡g Rvbv hvq cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨ AwR©Z n‡q‡Q wKbv| fv‡jv
cÖkœ Kivi e¨vcv‡i wkÿK‡K `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| g~j¨vq‡bi ci wkÿK hw` eyS‡Z cv‡ib †h,cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨ h_vh_
AwR©Z nq wb ZLb wZwb mgMÖ cvVwU ms‡ÿ‡c cybiv‡jvPbv Ki‡eb Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b `ye©j wkÿv_©x‡ì mbv³ K‡i we‡kl
wbivgqg~jK eë¯ v MÖnY Ki‡eb|
 mgvwß Ask
cvV †kl n‡j cª‡qvR‡b wkÿv_©x‡ì cÖ‡qvMg~jK KvR ev evwoi KvR w`‡Z n‡e| Z‡e wkÿK‡K jÿ¨ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †h
evwoi Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ †hb •ewPÎZv _v‡K| evwoi KvR †Kv‡bv µ‡gB `xN© ev KwVb nIqv DwPZ bq| GwU Aek¨B
Avb›``vqK nIqv DwPZ|
GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h, wkÿ‡Ki welqe¯‧i Ávb, wkÿv_©x m¤ú‡K© Ávb, wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Ávb, wkÿv DcKi‡Yi
eënvi, wkÿvi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© aviYv BZ¨vw` GKwU DËg cvVUxKvi kZ©|
wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î hwÌ nve©v‡Ui cÂ †mvcvb c×wZi AbymiY Kiv nq Z_vwc GwU we¯Í…Z cwim‡ii KvR nIqvq B‡Zvg‡a¨
†`‡k Aa¨vcK nvIqvW© MvW©bv‡ii eûeyw×gËvZË Abymi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖÿvc‡U Awf‡hvwRZ K‡i eûeyw×gËv wfwËK
cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q hv wkÿKiv eënvi Ki‡Qb| c‡i G cvV cwiKíbv‡K Av‡iv mswÿß K‡i cvVUxKv
wn‡m‡e mviv‡`‡kB cÖPjb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cvV cwiKíbv mswÿß nIqv evÃbxq hv‡Z wkÿKMY cvV cwiKíbv •Zwi‡K
Sv‡gjvc~Y© g‡b bv K‡ib|
bgybv cvVUxKvi QK
 †kÖwY: ---------------- welq: ---------------- ZvwiL: ----------

 cv‡Vi welqe¯‧ -----------------
 cv‡Vi Ask ----------------------
 cv‡Vi wkLbdj:
1.----------------
2.----------------
3.----------------
181
 wkÿ‡Ki Kvh©vewj
(K) wbivcËv‡eva cwi‡ek m„wó
(L) Av‡eM m„wó
(M) Dc¯ vc‡bi avcmg~n :
1.----------------
2.----------------
3.----------------
4.----------------
5.----------------
(N) g~j¨vqb †K․kj
(O) DcKiY •Zwi/ msMÖn
D‡jøL¨, cvVUxKvi Rb¨ G‡Kev‡i mywbw`©ó K‡i wba©vwiZ QK AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e Ggb †Kv‡bv evaëvaKZv bvB| GLv‡b
bgybv ¯îƒc GKwU QK Ges GKwU bgybv cvVUxKv K‡i †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:
bgybv cvVUxKv
†kÖwY: cÖ_g welq : cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ ZvwiL: -------

cv‡Vi wk‡ivbvg : Avgiv mevB KvR Kwi
AvR‡Ki cvV : evwoi cÖwZw`b KvR
wkLb dj :
11.1.1 evwo‡Z †K Kx KvR K‡i ch©‡eÿY K‡i ej‡Z cvi‡e
11.1.2 evwoi wewfbœ Kv‡Ri bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e
11.1.3 evwoi †Kvb& KvR †K K‡ib ej‡Z cvi‡e
wkÿ‡Ki Kvh©vewj
K. wkï‡ì wbivcËv‡eva cwi‡ek m„wó
L. Av‡eM m„wó
M. Dc¯ vc‡bi avcmg~n :
1. wkÿv_©x‡ì evwo‡Z †K Kx KvR K‡i †m m¤ú‡K© 2/3 wgwbU wPšÍv K‡i `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i †m
m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z mnvqZv Kie|
2. evwo‡Z Kx Kx KvR Kiv nq, evev Kx Kx KvR K‡ib, gv Kx KvR K‡ib, Zzwg cÖwZw`b KvR bv
Ki‡j Kx Amyweav nq Zv ej‡Z mnvqZv Kie|
3. wkÿv_©x‡ì 3 wU cÖZxKx `‡j fvM K‡i A_©vr cuvP Rb Rb †g‡q wb‡q gv `j ev cuvP Rb †Q‡j
wb‡q evev `j I cuvPRb †Q‡j‡g‡q wb‡q fvB‡evb `j MVb K‡i bvg Abymv‡i Zv‡ì f~wgKv
Awfbq Ki‡Z w`‡q I Ab¨vb¨ wkÿv_©x‡ì f~wgKv/Awfbq †`L‡Z w`‡q Awfb‡qi welqe¯‧ ej‡Z
mnvqZv Kie|
4. wkÿv_©x wb‡R cwiev‡ii GKRb m`m¨ wn‡m‡e KvR bv Ki‡j Kx Amyweav n‡Z cv‡i GKvKx wPšÍv
K‡i Zv ej‡Z mnvqZv Kie|
N. g~j¨vqb †K․kj : cvV PjvKvjxb I cvV †k‡l †g․wLK|
O. DcKiY msMÖn I •Zwi : cvV mswkøó Qwe, Awfb‡qi gy‡Lvk/gyKzU|
182
9.3 wk‡ÿvcKiY, cÖKvi I eënviwewa
wk‡ÿvcKiY
DcKiY A_© n‡jv Dcv`vb hv Øviv †Kv‡bv wKQz •Zwi Kiv nq ev †Kv‡bv KvR m¤úv`b Kiv nq| DcKi‡Yi we‡kl A_©
nj cÖ`xcb hv welq‡K D¾¡j Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| cvV`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î †h me mnvqK mvgMÖx cvV‡K mnR, Avb›``vqK,
wPËvKl©K, AvKl©Yxq I `xN©¯’vqx K‡i Zv‡KB wk‡ÿvcKiY e‡j| AvaywbK wkÿv I cÖhyw³i hy‡M wk‡ÿvcKiY Qvov mv_©K
cvV`vb m¤¢e bq| GK K_vq wkÿv †ÿ‡Î eëüZ cÖ‡qvRbxq mvgMÖx hv wkLb‡K mnR I AvKl©Yxq K‡i †Zv‡j ZvB-B
wk‡ÿvcKiY| cv‡V †h mKj Qwe, PvU©, gvbwPÎ, bKkv, ev¯Íe e¯‧, e¯‧i g‡Wj, QK, kãKvW©, eY©KvW©, KvwV, exwP BZ¨vw`
eënvi Kiv nq Zv meB wk‡ÿvcKiY| wk‡ÿvcKiY eënvi K‡i wkÿv_x©i Kíbvkw³‡K DÏxß Kiv hvq|
AvRKvj cÖvqB †kvbv hvq wkÿv_x©iv cv‡V †Zgb g‡bv‡hvMx nqbv| wkÿv_x©iv cv‡V g‡bv‡hvMx bv nIqvi Kvi‡Y A‡bK
wkÿv_x© cv‡Vi cÖwZ Abxnv cÖKvk K‡i| cvV AvKl©Yxq bv nIqvq Zviv we`¨vj‡q hvIqvi cÖwZI AbvMÖn †`Lvq| GK
mgq we`¨vjq †_‡K S‡i c‡o| ZvB †c¯ÍvjwR e‡jbÑ ÔÔe¯‧ Øviv wkÿv ïiæ Ki, K_v w`‡q bq Ges †h e¯Í wkïi mvg‡b
nvwRi Kiv hv‡e bv Zvi Qwe Dcw¯ Z K‡iv| c‡i e¯‧y †_‡K K_vq cÖ‡qvM n‡e, K_v †_‡K e¯‧‡Z bq| ev¯ÍeÁvb †Ìqvi
c~‡e© K_v gZ wkï‡K K_vi †eovRv‡j wb‡ÿc K‡ivbv|Ó D`vniY wn‡m‡e cÖv_wgK weÁvb wel‡q Mv‡Qi wewfbœ Ask
cvV`vbKv‡j ïaygvÎ e³…Zvi gva¨‡g cov‡j mn‡R eyS‡Z cv‡i bv| wkÿ‡Ki c‡ÿI cvV`vb Kó`vqK nq| G‡ÿ‡Î
GKwU †QvUMvQ †kÖwYK‡ÿ wb‡q G‡m †KvbwU cvZv, dzj, dj, KvÐg~j Zv †`wL‡q cvV`vb Ki‡j wkïi Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ
mnR‡eva¨ I Avb›``vqK nq|
wk‡ÿvcKiY eënv‡ii ¸iæZ¡
cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii †h †Kv‡bv wel‡q wkÿv`v‡bi Rb¨ mnvqK DcKiY msMÖn I eënvi GKRb `ÿ wkÿ‡Ki Rb¨ Acwinvh©|
wb‡¤œ wk‡ÿvcKiY eënv‡ii ¸iæZ¡mg~n D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv :
 DcKiY eënv‡i mn‡R wkÿv_x©‡ì g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y Kiv hvq|
 wkÿv_x©‡ì mnR †_‡K KwVb, Rvbv †_‡K ARvbv, wbKU †_‡K `~‡i, ev¯Íe †_‡K e¯‧ wbi‡cÿ ch©v‡q
wb‡q hvIqv mnR nq|
 DcKiY wkÿv_x©‡K Kv‡Ri cÖwZ ev Rvbvi cÖwZ Drmvnx I AvMÖnx K‡i †Zv‡j|
 e¯‧ wbi‡cÿ welq‡K ev¯Íe K‡i †Zv‡j|
 wkÿv_x© hLb †Kv‡bv wRwbm †Pv‡L †`‡L †k‡L ZLb Zvi g‡a¨ e¯‧i GKUv cÖwZwe¤^ •Zwi nq hv wkL‡b
GKUv ¯ vqx cÖfve †d‡j|
 DcKiY ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g wkïi Bw›`ªq¸‡jv mRvM nq d‡j wkLb mnR I `ªæZ nq|
 DcKiY eënv‡i wkïi g‡a¨ GKUv AbymwÜrmy gb •Zwi nq|
 DcKiY eënv‡ii d‡j wkÿ‡Ki Kg cwikÖg nq|
 DcKiY eënv‡ii d‡j wkïi Kv‡R ¯ú„nv Rv‡M|
 wkL‡b •ewPÎ¨ Av‡m d‡j cv‡V wkï‡ì AembœZv I GK‡N‡qgx `~i nq|
 wkÿv_x©iv DcKiY eënv‡ii mgq ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv, fve wewbg‡qi my‡hvM cvq|
 wkÿv_x©i wPšÍv I Kíbvkw³ e„w× cvq|
 `y®úÖvc¨, `vgx hš¿cvwZ m¤ú‡K© mn‡R aviYv †Ìqv hvq|
 `jxq KvR mn‡R m¤úv`b Kiv hvq|
 wkÿv_x© wbR nv‡Z KvR Kivi AwfÁZv AR©b K‡i|
 Qwe PvU© BZ¨vw` cÖ¯‧Z cÖYvjx I hš¿cvwZi eënv‡i wkÿv_x©iv ev¯Íe AwfÁZv jvf K‡i|
 wkÿv_x©i ch©‡eÿY kw³ e„w× cvq BZ¨vw`|
183
DcKiY eënv‡i wkÿ‡Ki KiYxq
 cv‡Vi wkLbdj Abyhvqx DcKiY wbe©vPb I eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
 h_vh_ AvKvi AvK…wZi DcKiY eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e |
 mKj wkÿv_©xi `„wó‡MvPi K‡i DcKiY cÖ`k©‡bi eë¯ v Ki‡Z n‡e |
 †h DcKiY hZÿY cÖ‡qvRb Zv ZZÿY cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z n‡e |
 wkÿv_©x‡ì DcKiY eënv‡ii my‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e|
 AvKl©Yxq DcKiY eënvi Kivi Rb¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e |
 hZ`~i m¤¢e DcKiY cwiQbœ ivL‡Z n‡e|
 DcKi‡Yi i‡Oi J¾¡‡jï cÖwZ bRi w`‡Z n‡e|
 Kg Li‡P hv‡Z DcKiY •Zwi Kiv hvq †m wel‡q jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e|
 ¯ vbxq cwi‡ek †_‡K DcKiY •Zwi Kiv hvq †m wel‡q `„wó w`‡Z n‡e|
 DcKiY eënv‡i wkÿv_©xi wbR¯^ I `jxq Av‡jvPbvi my‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e|
 eëüZ DcKiY †kÖwY‡Z mw¾Z K‡i ivLvi my‡hvM n‡j mw¾Z K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e|
 wkÿv_©x‡KI cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv DcKiY wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
 DcKiY h_vh_ msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|
 DcKi‡Yi †kÖwYKiY K‡i cieZ©x eënv‡ii Rb¨ ¸wQ‡q ivL‡Z n‡e|
 DcKiY gv‡S gv‡S (cÖ‡qvR‡b) †iv‡` w`‡Z n‡e I msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|
 †kÖwYwfwËK DcKiY mvwR‡q ivL‡Z n‡e|
 wbR `vwq‡Z¡ DcKiY iÿYv‡eÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|
DcKiY eënv‡ii wbqvgvewj
 ¯ vbxqfv‡e mnRjf¨ ev¯Íe DcKiY msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e|
 ev¯Íe DcKiY bv cvIqv †M‡j †m‡ÿ‡Î g‡Wj, PvU© ev †cv÷vi eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
 `vwg, wec¾bK I mgqmv‡cÿ bv n‡j DcKiY cÖ`k©‡bi eë¯ v Ki‡Z n‡e|
 m¤¢ve¨ †ÿ‡Î wkÿv_©x‡ì Øviv •Zwi DcKiY eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
 DcKiYwU †hb mK‡ji `„wó‡MvPi nq †m eë¯ v Ki‡Z n‡e|
 DcKiYwU eënv‡ii D‡Ïk¨ wkÿv_©x‡ì eywS‡q ej‡Z n‡e|
 DcKiY eënv‡ii c~‡e© gnov w`‡Z n‡e|
 m¤¢ve¨ †ÿ‡Î DcKiY eënv‡i wkÿv_©x‡ì AskMÖnY _vK‡Z n‡e|
DcKiY wbe©vP‡bi bxwZ
mv_©K cvV`v‡bi j‡ÿ¨ mwVK DcKiY wbe©vPb I eënv‡ii Rb¨ wkÿK‡K KZK¸‡jv wel‡q g‡bvwb‡ek Ki‡Z n‡e|
†m¸‡jv n‡jv-
 †h welq cov‡bv n‡e †m welq wkÿvi D‡Ïk¨, welqe¯‧ I wkÿY c×wZi mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L DcKiY
wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e|
 wkÿv_©xi eqm, gvbwmK cwic°Zv, Pvwn`v I AwfÁZvi Dci wbf©i K‡i wbe©vPb Kiv DwPZ|
 DcKiY †hb wbf©yj, wbLuyZ I ev¯Í‡ei cÖwZ”Qwe nq|
 DcKiY AvKl©Yxq n‡Z n‡e|
 DcKiY †hb mn‡RB eënvi Kiv hvq Ges wkÿv_©x‡ì wbKU mnR‡eva¨ nq|
 wkÿK I cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki weKí wn‡m‡e †Kv‡bv DcKi‡Yi wPšÍv Kiv DwPZ bq|
 wk‡ÿvcKiYwUi mwVK eënvi wkÿK‡K Rvb‡Z n‡e|
184
wk‡ÿvcKi‡Yi cÖKvi‡f`
wk‡ÿvcKiY¸‡jv‡K wewfbœfv‡e fvM Kiv nq| Bw›`ªq eënv‡ii wfwË‡Z DcKiY¸‡jv‡K wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
†hgbÑ
1. `k©b‡hvM¨ DcKiYmg~n (Visual Aids) :
†hmKj DcKiY mn‡R †kÖwYK‡ÿ †`Lv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i ev †`wL‡q cvV‡K AvKl©Yxq Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i
†m mKj DcKiY‡K `k©b‡hvM¨ DcKiY e‡j| †hgbÑ PvU©, MÖvd, bKkv, wPÎ, Qwe, †cv÷vi, ev¯Íe
e¯‧ I bgybv, PK‡evW©, hš¿cvwZ, g‡Wj wdj¥ w÷ªc, ¯øvBW cÖ‡R±i, Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i BZ¨vw`|
2. kÖeY‡hvM¨ DcKiYmg~n (Auditory Aids) :
†h mKj DcKi‡Yi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xiv kÖeY K‡i cvV MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i ev cvV`vb ü`qMÖvnx Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i †m mKj DcKiY‡K kÖeY‡hvM¨ DcKiY e‡j| †hgbÑ†iwWI, MÖv‡gv‡dvb, †Uc‡iKW©vi
BZ¨vw`|
3. kÖeY-`k©b‡hvM¨ DcKiYmg~n (Audio-visual Aids) :
†h mKj DcKi‡Yi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xiv ïb‡Z cv‡i Ges Qwe †`L‡Z cv‡i †m mKj DcKiY‡K kÖeY-
`k©b‡hvM¨ DcKiY e‡j| †hgbÑ Pjw”PÎ, †Uwjwfkb BZ¨vw`|
wk‡ÿvcKiY msMÖn
wk‡ÿvcKiY bvbvfv‡e msMÖn Kiv hvq| †hgb wkÿK wb‡R wKsev wkÿv_©x‡ì mnvqZvq wm‡gi wewP, †ZuZz‡ji wewP, bywo
cv_i, euv‡ki KvwU, gvwUi gv‡e©j, ev¯Íe bgybv BZ¨vw` msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wewfbœ DcKiY †hgb: gvbwPÎ, †Møve, Qwe,
cyivZb gy`ªv, WvK wUwKU BZ¨vw` msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡ib| cyivZb K¨v‡jÛvi, g¨vMvwRb, cÎ-cwÎKv †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Qwe
msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wewfbœ ai‡bi ïK‡bv Lv`¨ km¨ I djg~j †hgbÑ avb, Pvj, Mg, Wvj, eiB, †ZuZzj BZ¨vw` msMÖn
Kiv hvq|
welqwfwËK Qwe I PvU©, †iwWI, K¨v‡mU, wUwf, Kw¤úDUvi BZ¨vw` GbwmwUwe, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, BDwb‡md ev
†Kv‡bv †emiKvwi ms¯ v, `vbkxj e¨w³, Rb cÖwZwbwa, AwffveK I GmGgwmi m`m¨‡ì wbKU †_‡K msMÖn Kiv hvq| gv
mgv‡ek I AwffveK wè‡m gv I AwffveK‡ì DØy× K‡i Zv‡ì wbKU †_‡KI bvbv ai‡bi wk‡ÿvcKiY msMÖn Kiv
hvq|
GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h, wewfbœ cÖKvi KuvPvgvj Øviv wewfbœ cÖKvi wk‡ÿvcKiY †hgb •Zwi m¤¢e †Zgwb G¸‡jv wewfbœfv‡e
eënvi Kiv hvq|
DcKiY msiÿY †K․kj
we`¨vj‡q wk‡ÿvcKi‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ A‡bK †ewk|evi evi Gme DcKiY •Zwi ev msMÖn Kiv m¤¢e bq|ZvB eënv‡ii ci
G¸‡jv bó bv K‡i eis h_vh_fv‡e msiÿ‡Yi eë¯ v Kiv ìKvi, hv‡Z cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq wVKfv‡e cvIqv hvq Ges †ek
K‡qK eQi eënvi Kiv hvq| G‡ÿ‡Î wkÿ‡Ki f~wgKv AMÖMY¨| †hgbÑ
1| gvbwPÎ, PvU©, Qwe BZ¨vw` DcKiY¸‡jv †kÖwY, welq I cvV Abyhvqx Kv‡Vi ÷¨v‡Û ¸wU‡q msiÿY Kiv|
2| Kv‡Vi Zv‡K wUb ev cøvw÷‡Ki †KvUvq wm‡gi wewP, †ZuZz‡ji wewP, gv‡e©j, ¸jwZ BZ¨vw` msiÿ‡Yi eë¯ v Kiv|
3| †cv÷vi †ccvi ev cyivZb K¨v‡jÛv‡ii Aw¼Z PvU©, Qwe BZ¨vw` Szwj‡q ivLv|
4| †giæ`Ðx I A‡giæ`Ðx cÖvYxi ev¯Íe bgybv Kuv‡Pi †evZ‡j cvwb I digvwjb `ªe‡Y msiÿY Kiv|
5| wba©vwiZ K‡ÿI DcKiY msiÿ‡Yi eë¯ v Kiv hvq|
6| cÖwZ gv‡mi wba©vwiZ w`‡b DcKiY mvRv‡bv, Svov - †gvQv I cÖ‡qvRbxq †givgZ Kiv|
(Z_¨m~Î : cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj, cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ weÁvb (2007), wcwUAvB BÝUªv±i cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj(2008), cÖv_wgK
wkÿv Awa`ßi, XvKv|)
185
9.4 : cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x g~j¨vqb
†h †Kv‡bv wkÿveë¯ vi †K‡›`ª i‡q‡Q wkÿv_©x| wkÿv_©xi weKvk I cwieZ©‡bi D‡Ïk¨ Abyhvqx KZUzKz Kxfv‡e AMÖMwZ
n‡”Q Zv Rvbvi Ab¨Zg eë¯ v n‡jv g~j¨vqb| g~j¨vqb Qvov wkLb †kLv‡bv cÖwµqvi mdjZvi gvÎv hvPvB Kiv hvq bv|
wkÿ‡Ki †ckvMZ `vwq‡Z¡i Ask n‡jv †kªwYK‡ÿ AskMÖn‡Yi d‡j Zvi wkÿv_©xiv Kx wkL‡Z cvi‡Q Ges Kx gvÎvq Ges
KZUv fv‡jvfv‡e wkL‡Z cvi‡Q †m m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nIqv|
 g~j¨vqb
MÖbj¨vÛ I wjb (1990) Gi g‡Z- wkÿY D‡Ï‡kï KZUzKz wkÿv_©xiv AR©b Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q Zv wbY©‡qi Rb¨ Z_¨ msMÖn,
we‡kølY I e¨vL¨vi avivevwnK cÖwµqv n‡jv g~j¨vqb| Gi KvR n‡”Q wkÿv_©x Kx Rv‡b ev Kx Ki‡Z mÿg Zv wbiƒcY
Kiv| A_©vr g~j¨vqb n‡jv GKwU †K․kj, hvi Øviv wkÿv_©xiv Zv‡ì Rb¨ wba©vwiZ wkLbdj KZUv fv‡jvfv‡e AR©b
Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q Zv wbiƒcY Kiv|
g~j¨vq‡bi cvwifvwlK kã wn‡m‡e wewfbœ wkÿvwe`MY A‡b‡KB Assessment Avevi A‡b‡KB Evaluation eënvi
K‡i‡Qb| g~j¨vqb n‡jv GKwU cÖwµqv, †hLv‡b wkÿv_©xi wkLb m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv, Zv ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv Ges
ch©v‡jvPbvi dj wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb gvb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ eënvi Kiv nq| g~j¨vqb Øviv wkÿv_©xiv Kx gvÎvq Zv‡ì cvV¨
wel‡q Ávb AR©b K‡i‡Q; GKB mv‡_ Zv eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q Ges Ab¨vb¨ mvg‡_©ï weKvk N‡U‡Q Zv hvPvB Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x‡ì GKvwaK ch©v‡q g~j¨vqb Kiv nq| †hgb-cvV PjvKv‡j †kªwYwkÿK Øviv; eQ‡ii wewfbœ mg‡q
we`¨vj‡qi wewfbœ cixÿv Øviv Ges cÖv_wgK ¯Íi †k‡l evwn¨K cixÿvi gva¨‡g (†hgb-cÖv_wgK ¯Íi mgvcbx cixÿv-
Primary School Certificate) wkÿv_©xiv g~j¨vwqZ nq|
g~j¨vq‡bi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨

g~j¨vq‡bi cÖavb jÿ¨ n‡jv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKv‡WwgK ev cv‡Vi welqe¯‧ †kLvi †ÿ‡Î wkÿv_©x‡K DrmvwnZ ev DØy× Kiv GwU
cÖavbZ wkÿv_©xi wkLb gvb Dbœq‡bi †ÿ‡Î mnvqZv K‡i| ZvB wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLbdj AR©‡b g~j¨vqb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv
cvjb K‡i|
g~j¨vq‡bi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv wkÿv_©xi wkLb AMÖMwZ m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ cÖ`vb| g~j¨vq‡bi dj †_‡K wba©vwiZ
wkLbdj KZLvwb AwR©Z n‡q‡Q Zv †evSv hvq| GQvov wkÿv_©x KZLvwb AMÖmi n‡q‡Q ev KZUv wcwQ‡q c‡o‡Q †m
m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ Rvbv hvq Ges †m Abyhvqx wkÿv_©x‡K Zvi wkLb gvb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mn‡hvwMZv Kiv hvq|
ev¯ÍeZvi wbwi‡L g~j¨vq‡bi D‡Ïk¨mg~n n‡jv :

K. wkÿv_©xi wkLb‡K mnvqZv Kiv;
L. wkÿ‡Ki wkÿY cÖwµqvi gv‡bvbœqb Kiv;
M. wkÿv_©x wbe©vPb Kiv;
N. wkL‡bi mb` cÖ`vb Kiv;
O. wkÿv_©xi †cÖvdvBj eY©bv Kiv;
P. AwffveK I Ab¨‡ì wkÿv_©xi AMÖMwZ Rvbv‡bv|
 g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
wkÿv_©xiv wkLb g~j¨vqb Øviv cÖfvweZ nq A_©vr Ab¨ †h †Kvb DcKi‡Yi †P‡q g~j¨vqbB wkÿv_©x‡ì e‡j †`q †h-
†Kv‡bv welq ev Kx †kLv Zv‡ì Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| wkÿv_©xi wkLb cÖwµqvi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ g~j¨vqb Kx f~wgKv iv‡L Zv
ms‡ÿ‡c Dc¯ vcb Kiv n‡jv|
186
 wkÿv_©xi g‡a¨ wb‡Ri Ávb I `ÿZv g~j¨vqb Kivi mvg_©¨ weKwkZ nq|
 wkÿv_©x wkÿ‡Ki f~wgKv m¤ú‡K© wbivc` †eva K‡i; wkÿK †h Zv‡ì cÖwZ hZœkxj Zv Zv‡ì AvZ¥wek¦vm e„w×
K‡i|
 wkÿv_©xiv Av‡iv `ÿZvi mv‡_ Aa¨qb Ki‡Z mg_© nq Ges Zv‡ì g~jëvb mgq euvPv‡Z cv‡i|
 wkÿv_©x‡ì Kv‡Q g~j¨vqb Avb›``vqK n‡q I‡V|
Kvh©Kix g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x Kx wkL‡Z †c‡i‡Q Avi Kx wkL‡Z cv‡iwb, KZUzKz wkL‡Z †c‡i‡Q Avi Kx wkL‡Z
n‡e, KZUzKz wkL‡Z n‡e Zv wPwýZ K‡i Ges wkÿY c×wZi cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g cÖ‡qvRbxq djveZ©b w`‡q wkÿv_©x‡K
GwM‡q hvIqvi w`Kwb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡i|
 g~j¨vq‡bi cÖKvi‡f` (Different Modes of Assessment)
wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb gvb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ g~j¨vqb GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© DcKiY| wewfbœ D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ wkÿv_©x‡K
wewfbœfv‡e g~j¨vqb Kiv hvq ev Ki‡Z nq| mKj cwi‡e‡k me ai‡bi D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv GKwU g~j¨vqb
†K․kj ev c×wZ Kvh©Ki nq bv| †hgb- †Kv‡bv wkÿK Zvi wkÿv_©x evK¨ MVb Kivi †hvM¨Zv AR©b K‡i‡Q wKbv Zv
Rvbvi Rb¨ Zv‡K evK¨ wjL‡Z †`‡eb Ges evK¨ MV‡b wkÿv_©x K…ZKvh© ev AK…ZKvh© wKbv-GB wm×všÍ †b‡eb|
Avevi wkÿ‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ n‡jvÑ wkÿv_©x‡K evK¨ MVb Kxfv‡e Ki‡Z nq Zv †kLv‡bv/evK¨ MVb Kivi `ÿZv AR©‡b
mnvqZv Kiv| G‡ÿ‡Î wkÿK Zv‡K evK¨ wjL‡Z †`‡eb Ges †Kv‡bv fyj n‡q‡Q wK bv Zv wPwýZ Ki‡eb, fyj ms‡kvab
K‡i †`‡eb Ges evK¨ MV‡bi wbqgvewj cvV K‡i PP©v Ki‡Z ej‡eb| GB D`vniY †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, `yB ai‡bi
g~j¨vqb †K․kj `ywU wfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨ eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avevi wKQy wkÿv_©x GK ai‡bi g~j¨vq‡b mvdj¨ †`Lv‡jI Ab¨
ai‡bi g~j¨vq‡bi Abyiƒc mvdj¨ bvI †`Lv‡Z cv‡i| †hgbÑwKQy wkÿv_©x wjwLZ Afxÿvq fv‡jv Ki‡Z cv‡i Avevi wKQy
wkÿv_©x †g․wLK Dc¯ vcbvq AwaK mdjZv †`Lv‡Z cv‡i| †KD nq‡Zv `jxq Kv‡R fv‡jv cvi`wk©Zv †`Lv‡Z cv‡i Avevi
†KD GKKfv‡e KvR K‡i K…wZZ¡ AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i|
ZvB m½Z Kvi‡YB cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x‡ì wewfbœ fv‡e g~j¨vqb Kiv nq †hgb:-
1| AbvbyôvwbK I AvbyôvwbK g~j¨vqb
2| MvVwbK ev Pjgvb g~j¨vqb I mvgwóK ev P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
3| avivevwnK g~j¨vqb
4| wbY©vqK g~j¨vqb ev `ye©jZv wPwýZKiY g~j¨vqb
1| AbvbyôvwbK (Informal Assessment) I AvbyôvwbK g~j¨vqb (Formal Assessment)
AbvbyôvwbK g~j¨vqb:
†kªwYK‡ÿi cÖwZw`‡bi wkLb cÖwµqv‡K e¨vnZ bv K‡i †h g~j¨vqb Kiv nq ZvB AbvbyôvwbK g~j¨vqb| AbvbyôvwbK
g~j¨vqb †h †K․kj¸‡jvi gva¨‡g Kiv nq †m¸‡jv n‡jv-
* wkÿv_©xi wewfbœ KvR ch©‡eÿY K‡i|
* wkÿv_©xi DËi I Dc¯ vcb ï‡b|
* wkÿv_©xi mv‡_ K_v e‡j|
* wkÿv_©xi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i|
* evwoi KvR ev wba©vwiZ KvR hvPvB K‡i|
* †g․wLKfv‡e cÖkœ K‡i|
187
 AvbyôvwbK g~j¨vqb :
†Kv‡bv D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q †kªwYK‡ÿi wkLb KvR eÜ †i‡L wbw`©ó mg‡q I wbqwš¿Z eë¯ vq †h g~j¨vqb Kiv nq Zv‡K
AvbyôvwbK g~j¨vqb e‡j|
 †h †K․kj¸‡jvi gva¨‡g AvbyôvwbK g~j¨vqb Kiv †m¸‡jv n‡jv-
* wjwLZ Afxÿv
* †g․wLK Afxÿv
* m¤úv`bx Afxÿv ev eënvwiK Afxÿv
* †cvU©‡dvwjI
2| MvVwbK ev Pjgvb g~j¨vqb (Formative Assessment) I mvgwóK ev P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb (Summative

Assessment)
 MvVwbK g~j¨vqb : wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR PjvKvjxb †h g~j¨vqb Kiv nq Zv‡K MvVwbK g~j¨vqb e‡j|
 MvVwbK g~j¨vq‡bi •ewkó¨ :

* wkÿK‡K wkÿv_©xi mejZv I `ye©jZv, wkLb •ewkó¨ Ges e¨w³Z¡ m¤^‡Ü wkLb Kvh©µ‡gi ïiæ‡ZB cÖv_wgK
aviYv •Zwi‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡K|
* cÖwZw`‡bi wkLb †kLv‡bv cÖwµqv‡K wb‡`©kbv w`‡q Ges wkLb NvUwZ wPwýZc~e©K wbivgqg~jK eë¯ v
MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g wkÿK I wkÿv_©x Dfq‡K djveZ©b †`q|
* mvaviYZ P~ovšÍ †MÖW ev b¤î †Ìqv nq bv|
* †ewki fvM †ÿ‡Î AbvbyôvwbKfv‡e ev Awbqwš¿Z eë¯ vq Kiv nq| Z‡e AvbyôvwbKfv‡eI G ai‡bi
g~j¨vqb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
 MvVwbK g~j¨vqb cÖwµqvq †hme wel‡qi Ici ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv nq Zv n‡jv-
K) wkÿv_©x‡ì mgm¨v mbv³ Kiv
L) mgm¨v KLb/†Kvb mg‡q †`Lv w`‡q‡Q Zv mbv³ Kiv
M) mgm¨vi KviY mbv³ Kiv
N) mgm¨v Kxfv‡e mgvavb Kiv hvq Zv wba©viY Kiv
MvVwbK g~j¨vqb wkÿv_©xi wkL‡b mnvqZv K‡i e‡j A‡bK wkÿvwe` Gi bvg w`‡q‡Qb ÔwkL‡bi Rb¨ g~j¨vqb
(Assessment for Learning-AfL)| wkL‡bi Rb¨ g~j¨vqb (AfL) mivmwi wkL‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ| GwU wkÿv_©xi mwµq
AskMÖnY‡K Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i Ges wkÿ‡Ki cvV-cwiKíbv Abyhvqx wkÿv_©xi m‡e©v”P wkLbdj AR©b Ki‡Z mvnv‡h¨ K‡i|
wkÿK G wkLb g~j¨vq‡b wkÿv_©xi mgm¨v mbv³ K‡ib I ZvrÿwYK mgm¨v mgvav‡b wbqwgZ djveZ©b cÖ`vb K‡ib|
MvVwbK g~j¨vqb †K․kj/Kvh©vewj

MvVwbK g~j¨vqb AvbyôvwbK I AbvbyôvwbK `yBfv‡eB n‡Z cv‡i| AvbyôvwbK †NvlYv w`‡q Afxÿv, A¨vmvBb‡g›U BZ¨vwì
gva¨‡g g~j¨vqb n‡Z cv‡i| Avevi AbvbyôvwbKfv‡e †kªwYK‡ÿ KzBR, welqwfwËK †g․wLK I wjwLZ cÖk,œ `jxq KvR I
Dc¯ vcb, †Rvov ev e¨w³MZ cVb, cÖwZ‡hvwMZv, †Ljv BZ¨vwì gva¨‡gI g~j¨vqb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
188
MvVwbK g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ GKRb wkÿv_©x‡K GKvKx A_ev `jxqfv‡e ch©‡eÿY K‡i, cÖkœ K‡i, mswkøó wel‡q wjL‡Z w`‡q
A_ev ej‡Z w`‡q Zvi AwR©Z Ávb I `ÿZv m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Kiv hvq| ïay GKwU ev `ywU †kªwYK‡ÿi Kvh©µg Gi
Rb¨ ch©vß bq| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ GKwU kvLvi wkÿv_©xi msL¨vi Ici wbf©i K‡i eûmsL¨K †kªwY Kvh©µ‡gi ci GKRb
wkÿv_©xi Ae¯ vb m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
†kªwY‡Z wkÿv_©xi msL¨v 35-40 R‡bi g‡a¨ mxgve× _vK‡j †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e, †hb cÖwZ mßv‡n ch©vqµ‡g cÖ‡Z¨K
wkÿv_©xi AMÖMwZ m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Kiv hvq| G Rb¨ wkÿK Kx Uzjm ev cÖwµqv eënvi Ki‡eb A_©vr Kx cÖkœ Ki‡eb,
Kx ej‡Z †`‡eb, Kx wjL‡Z †`‡eb A_ev Kx KvR Ki‡Z †`‡eb †m m¤ú‡K© GKwU wjLZ cwiKíbv •Zwi K‡i wb‡Z
cv‡ib| cÖkœ Ki‡j Zv n‡Z n‡e eyw×`xß Ges wPšÍv D‡`ªKKvix| wkÿv_©x‡ì cÖkœ Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡kœvËi
QvovI wgjKiY, k~b¨¯ vb c~iY, wPwýZKiY BZ¨vw` eënvi K‡iI wkÿv_©xi Ae¯ vb Rvbv †h‡Z cv‡i|
 mvgwóK g~j¨vqb ev P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb (Summative Assessment) :

GKwU BDwb‡Ui/mvgwq‡Ki/eQ‡ii/wb‡`©kbv Kvh©µ‡gi †k‡l wkÿv_©x Kx †hvM¨Zv ev `ÿZv AR©b Kij Zv hvPvB‡qi Rb¨
†h g~j¨vqb Kiv nq Zv‡K mvgwóK g~j¨vqb e‡j| A_©vr mvgwóK g~j¨vqb †Kv‡bv Uvg© ev †Kv‡m©i †k‡l AbywôZ nq Ges
wkÿv_©xiv KZUzKz wkL‡Z †c‡i‡Q I KZUv fv‡jvfv‡e KvR K‡i‡Q †m m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i|
 mvgwóK g~j¨vq‡bi •ewkó¨ :
* wkÿ‡Ki wkÿv_©xi cieZ©x †Kvm© ev kvLv ev †kªwY wbe©vP‡b, wb‡Ri †kLv‡bv c×wZi g~j¨vq‡b Ges
Revew`wnZvi gvÎv wePvi Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|
* GB g~j¨vqb c×wZ‡Z mvaviYZ P~ovšÍ †MÖW ev b¤î †Ìqv nq Ges wkÿv_©xi K…wZZ¡ m¤ú‡K© wm×všÍ †bIqv nq|
* mvaviYZt AvbyôvwbK ev wbqwš¿Z eë¯ vq G g~j¨vqb Kiv nq| †hgb wkÿv_©x‡K DËxY© wKsev cvm †dj wn‡m‡e
djveZ©b †Ìqv nq|
* G ai‡bi g~j¨vqb GKv‡WwgK eQ‡ii wba©vwiZ wKQy mg‡q AbywôZ nq| †hgb-wZb gvm ci ci ev GKv‡WwgK
eQi †k‡l|
* G‡Z wkÿvµ‡gi wkLbdj AR©‡bi cÖwZ µgea©gvb Dbœq‡bi Dci †ewk ¸iæZ¡ †Ìqv nq|
* g~j¨vq‡bi djvdj hv-B †nvK bv †Kb wkÿK cieZ©x cv‡V P‡j hvb, †Kbbv wZwb wm‡jevm mgvwßi w`‡K
†ewkg‡bv‡hvMx _v‡Kb|
* wkÿK hw` wkÿv_©xi djvd‡ji cÖwZ I Dbœq‡bi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvMx bv nb Zvn‡j G ai‡bi g~j¨vq‡bi Kvh©KvwiZv
Lye Kg cvIqv hvq|
mvaviYZ AvbyôvwbK Ges we‡kl cwi‡e‡k (†hgb-cixÿvi nj) Gi ai‡bi g~j¨vqb msNwUZ nq| ZvB G‡K
AvbyôvwbK g~j¨vqbI (Formal Assessment) ejv nq|
 mvgwóK g~j¨vq‡bi Kvh©vewj I mgq :

mvaviYZ wewfbœ Afxÿv I cixÿvi gva¨‡g mvgwóK g~j¨vqb AbywôZ nq| g~j¨vq‡bi dj †¯‥vi ev †MÖ‡Wi gva¨‡g cÖKvk
Kiv nq †h- A,B,C BZ¨vw`| A_©vr g~j¨vq‡bi d‡j wkÿv_©x‡K mvswL¨Kfv‡e †kªwYwef³ (†hgbÑ i¨vsK ev wmwiqvj Kiv;
†ivj bs cÖ`vb A_ev †MÖW cÖ`vb) Kiv Ges wkÿv_©x‡ì ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ Zzjbv Kivi Kv‡R eënvi Kiv nq|
189
3. avivevwnK g~j¨vqb (Continuous Assessment) :
avivevwnK g~j¨vqb : †Kv‡bv GKwU Kvh©µg PjvKvjxb AweiZfv‡e †h g~j¨vqb Kiv nq Zv‡K avivevwnK g~j¨vqb e‡j|
avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi •ewkó¨ :
* we¯Z…Zfv‡e MvVwbK I mvgwóK g~j¨vqb‡K m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z cv‡i| GwU ïay MvVwbK g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g (†ewki fvM
AbvbyôvwbK) n‡Z cv‡i|
* ïay mvgwóK g~j¨vq‡bi (†ewki fvM AvbyôvwbK) gva¨g n‡Z cv‡i |
* Avevi MvVwbK I mvgwóK Df‡qi gva¨‡g n‡Z cv‡i|
* wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ Kg KóKi n‡q _v‡K|
wewfbœ ai‡bi avivevwnK g~j¨vqb (Different forms of CA)
* †Kvb c×wZ‡Z eënvi Kiv n‡e †m Abyhvqx GwU n‡e AbvbyôvwbK ev AvbyôvwbK
* KLb g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡e †m Abyhvqx GwU n‡e MvVwbK ev mvgwóK|
wZb ai‡bi avivevwnK g~j¨vqb mbv³ Kiv hvq:
* MvVwbK- AbvbyôvwbK avivevwnK g~j¨vqb
* MvVwbK- AvbyôvwbK avivevwnK g~j¨vqb
* mvgwóK- AvbyôvwbK avivevwnK g~j¨vqb
welq I wkÿv_©xi †kªwY we‡ePbvq †i‡L avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi Dc‡hvMx aib wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| wkÿK I we`¨vjq
m¤ú„³ mK‡ji cvi¯úwiK Av¯ v ¯ vc‡bi IciB avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi mdjZv wbf©i K‡i|
4. wbY©vqK g~j¨vqb ev `ye©jZv wPwýZKiY g~j¨vqb (Diagnostic Assessment)
†h g~j¨vqb we‡kl †ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv wkÿv_©xi wkLb mgm¨v BZ¨vw` wPwýZ Ki‡Z we‡klfv‡e •Zwi Kiv nq Zv‡K wbY©vqK
g~j¨vqb ejv nq| GB g~j¨vq‡bi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv wkÿv_©xi †Kv‡bv wel‡qi Ávb AR©‡bi mgm¨v¸‡jv wPwýZ K‡i Zv
wbivg‡qi eë¯ v Kiv| wkLb †kLv‡bv cÖwµqvi mgq †Kv‡bv wkÿv_©x wcwQ‡q co‡j Zvi Rb¨ G ai‡bi g~j¨vqb Kiv nq|
wkÿv_©xi c~e© cÖ¯w‧ Zi NvUwZ, cvwievwiK, e¨w³MZ I Av‡ewMK mgm¨v _vK‡j Zvi Ávb AR©b ev †jLvcov wewNœZ n‡Z
cv‡i| A‡bK mgq †`Lv hvq †h, †Kv‡bv wkÿv_©x nq‡Zv Zvi mncvVx‡ì mv‡_ h_vh_ MwZ‡Z co‡Z cvi‡Q bv| Gi
Kvi‡Y nq‡Zv †`Lv hv‡e †h, †m eY©gvjvi †Kv‡bv eY© †P‡b bv ev Zvi AwR©Z kã fvÐvi LyeB Kg| Avevi MwY‡Zi †ÿ‡Î
k~b¨ ev we‡qv‡Mi h_vh_ aviYv Zvi †bB|
MvVwbK g~j¨vq‡bi mv‡_ Gi h‡_ó mv`„k¨ Av‡Q| MvVwbK g~j¨vq‡bI wkÿv_©xi `ye©jZv wPwýZ K‡i wkÿK weKí wkLb
†kLv‡bv c×wZ AbymiY Ki‡Z †Póv K‡ib| wKš‧ Zv m‡Ë¡I hw` wkÿv_©xi mvdj¨ bv Av‡m ZLb `ye©jZv wPwýZ Kivi
Rb¨ we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e wbY©vqK g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
 g~j¨vq‡b wePv‡ii wfwË (Basis for Judgment)

Kx‡mi Ici wbf©i K‡i g~j¨vq‡bi wePvi Kiv n‡e?
me mgq g~j¨vq‡bi wePvi Kiv nq GKwU cvi`wk©Zv ev mvd‡jï mv‡_ Avi GKwU cvi`wk©Zvi Zzjbv (Compare)
K‡i| GB Zzjbvi Ici wfwË K‡i wZb ai‡bi g~j¨vq‡bi eY©bv Kiv n‡jvÑ
K.gvbwfwËK g~j¨vqb (Norm Referenced Assessment/NRA)
GLv‡b GKRb wkÿv_©xi cvi`wk©Zv Ab¨ GKRb ev GKB iKg GK`j wkÿv_©xi cvi`wk©Zvi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i
wePvi Kiv nq| †hgbÑ †kªYx Afxÿvq GKRb wkÿv_©xi cÖvß Mo b¤î †kªYx‡Z Zvi Ae¯ vb ev gvb Ab¨‡ì
Zzjbvq Kx ch©v‡q Av‡Q Zv †evSv hvq|
190
L. D‡Ïk¨wfwËK g~j¨vqb (Criterion Referenced Assessment/CRA)
GLv‡b KZK¸‡jv c~e© wba©vwiZ µvB‡Uwiqv ev D‡Ïkï mv‡_ GKRb wkÿv_©xi cvi`wk©Zv Zzjbv Kiv nq|
†hgbÑ †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkÿvµg| GLv‡b †hvM¨Zv nj c~e© wba©vwiZ µvB‡Uwiqv ev D‡Ïk¨|
M. ¯^-wfwËKg~j¨vqb (Self Referenced Assessment/SRA)
GLv‡b hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ GKRb wkÿv_©xi eZ©gvb cvi`wk©Zvi mv‡_ Zvi c~‡e©i m‡e©v”P cvi`wk©Zvi Zzjbv Kiv
nq| †hgb- †Ljvayjvi †ÿ‡Î we‡klZ †`․o-Suvc, muvZvi BZ¨vw`‡Z c~‡e© m¤úbœ mg‡qi mv‡_ eZ©gvb mg‡qi
Zzjbv|
 g~j¨vq‡bi DcKi‡Yi ZvwjKv

1. AbvbyôvwbK g~j¨vqb msiÿY cÎ
K) cÖ_g I wØZxq †kªwYi wbe©vwPZ welq (evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ I cwi‡ek cwiwPZ)
L) e¨w³MZ I mvgvwRK ¸Yvewj|
2. wjwLZ Afxÿv
K) wbe©vwPZ DËi cÖk:œ weKí wbe©vPbx, eûwbe©vPbx, wgjKiY|
L) mieivn DËi cÖk:œ k~b¨¯ vb c~iY, mswÿß DËi I iPbvg~jK
M) cv‡Vi Aa¨v‡qi †k‡l (AMÖMwZ cwiexÿY, djveZ©b, wbY©vqK Ges wbivgq)
N) mvgwqKx eQ‡ii †k‡l (K…wZZ¡ g~j¨vqb, †MÖwWs Ges cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb)
3. m¤úv`b Afxÿv
* fvlvi †ÿ‡Î- cov, ejv|
* MwY‡Zi †ÿ‡Î- MYbv, evQvB, cwigvc
* cwi‡ek cwiwPZ ch©‡eÿY, MYbv, cwigvc, †kªwYKiY, Zzjbv|
4. g~j¨vqb msiÿY cÎ
* cÖ‡R‡±i KvR
5. g~j¨vqb msiÿY cÎ
* †cvU©‡dvwjI
6. wkÿv_©xi ¯^g~j¨vqb cÎ (wØZxq †kªwYi Rb¨)
7. A¨v‡bK‡WvUvj †bvU (D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cvi`wk©Zv I AvPiY m¤úwK©Z)
(Z_¨m~Î : wWwcGW cÖwkÿYv_x©‡ì Rb¨ †ckvMZ wkÿv-wØZxq LÐ (2015), RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg I cÖavb
wkÿK‡ì eywbqvw` cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj (2008), cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi|)
191
cÖkœgvjv : 9
K. mswÿß cÖkœ :
1. evwl©K cvV cwiKíbv ej‡Z Kx eySvq e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
2. evwl©K cvV cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Kx Kx wjLyb|
3. cvV cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© avç‡jv wjLyb|
4. wk‡ÿvcKiY ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
5. wk‡ÿvcKiY KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx D`vniY wjLyb|
6. g~j¨vqb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? ev¯ÍeZvi wbwi‡L g~j¨vq‡bi D‡Ïk¨ Kx Kx wjLyb|
7. g~j¨vqb cÖavbZ KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
8. MvVwbK g~j¨vq‡bi •ewkó¨¸‡jv wjLyb|
9. avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi •ewkó¨ Kx Kx wjLyb|
10. wbY©vqK g~j¨vqb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? ms‡ÿ‡c e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
1. evwl©K cvV cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi c`‡ÿcmg~n e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
2. bgybv ¯îƒc GKwU evwl©K cvV cwiKíbv •Zwi Kiæb|
3. mvßvwnK iæwUb cÖYq‡b †Kvb †Kvb w`‡K jÿ¨ †i‡L iæwUb cÖYqb Ki‡Z nq eY©bv Kiæb|
4. mgq m~wP •Zwii †ÿ‡Î †Kvb †Kvb w`‡K we‡kl jÿ¨ †i‡L mgqm~wP •Zwi Ki‡Z nq e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
5. 1g †kÖwY‡Z evsjv cvV`v‡bi j‡ÿ¨ GKwU bgybv cvV- cwiKíbv •Zwi Kiæb|
6. D`vniYmn wewfbœ ai‡bi wk‡ÿvcKi‡Yi eY©bv w`b Ges eënvi wewa e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
7. cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eY©bv Kiæb|
Z_¨m~Î :
1. Avãyjøvn, wgR©v †gvt I Ab¨vb¨ (2014), BDAviwm Kg©KZ©v‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœq‡b D”PZi cÖwkÿY-
Z_¨cy¯ÍK, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi|
2. Gnmvb, Aveyj I Ab¨vb¨ (2015), wWwcGW cÖwkÿYv_x©‡ì Rb¨ †ckvMZ wkÿv-wØZxq LÐ, RvZxq cÖv_wgK
wkÿv GKv‡Wwg|
3. gwnDwÏb, G,GBP,Gg I Ab¨vb¨ (2008), wcwUAvB BÝUªv±i cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi,
XvKv|
4. †g‡niæ‡bœQv, wg‡mm I Ab¨vb¨ (2015), wWwcGW cÖwkÿYv_x©‡ì Rb¨ †ckvMZ wkÿv Ñ cÖ_g LÛ, RvZxq
cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg |
5. ingvb, Gm. Gg. gwdRyi I Ab¨vb¨ (2007), cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj, cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ weÁvb, cÖv_wgK wkÿv
Awa`ßi |
6. ikx`, gywbbyi I Ab¨vb¨ (2008), cÖavb wkÿK‡ì eywbqvw` cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi|
192
BDwbU 10 : cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cwi`k©b
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿv cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ GKwU wekvj I my msMwVZ KvVv‡gv i‡q‡Q| wecyj msL¨K miKvwi cÖv_wgK
we`¨vj‡qi wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg djcÖm~ Kivi Rb¨ †kªwY Kvh©µg wbqwgZ ZË¡veavb cÖ‡qvRb| ZvQvov we`¨vj‡qi
eë¯ vcbv myôzfv‡e m¤úv`b Kiv n‡”Q wKbv Zv cwiexÿY Kiv Acwinvh©| G Rb¨ cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gvi
GKwU Ab¨Zg KvR n‡”Q we`¨vj‡qi Kvh©µg ZË¡veavb, cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb| G BDwbU‡K wbgœewY©Z cuvPwU mve BDwb‡U
wee„Z Kiv n‡q‡Q :
10.1 cÖavb wkÿK KZ…K © GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb
10.2 mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi, Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi, mnKvix BÝUªv±i I
BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±iMY KZ…©K we`¨vjq cwi`k©b Ges cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb
10.3 wcwUAvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U KZ…©K BDAviwm/wUAviwm I cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cwi`k©b Ges
BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±iM‡Yi cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb
10.4 †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi KZ©„K Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdm I cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cwi`k©b Ges
Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv AwdmviM‡Yi cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb|
10.5 wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvjK (cÖv_wgK wkÿv) KZ…©K †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdm, wcwUAvB, Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv
Awdm I cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cwi`k©b Ges wcwUAvB mycvwi‡Ub‡W›U I †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv AwdmviM‡Yi
cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb|
10.1 cÖavb wkÿK KZ…©K GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb

cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿvi Dbœq‡bi †ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| wZwb GKwU
we`¨vj‡qi cwiPvjbv I eë¯ vcbvi cÖavb `vwqZ¡cÖvß e¨w³| wZwb we`¨vj‡qi mvwe©K KvR cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ ZË¡veavbKvix,
eë¯ vcbvKvix, wm×všÍ MÖnYKvix Ges †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vbKvix GB Pvi ai‡bi f~wgKv cÖwZcvjb K‡ib| we`¨vjq‡K
myPviæiƒ‡c cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki †bZ…Z¡ AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †bZv wn‡m‡e Ab¨vb¨ wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq evrmwiK
Kg© cwiKíbv, evrmwiK cvV cwiKíbv Ges K¬vm iæwUb cÖYq†bi gva¨‡g wZwb we`¨vj‡qi Kvh©µg‡K cwiPvwjZ K‡ib|
wkÿvi ¸YMZ gvb e„w×i Rb¨ we`¨vj‡qi Ab¨vb¨ wkÿK‡K w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb, Zuv‡ì cvV c~e© cÖ¯w‧ Z ch©‡eÿY,
†kªwYK‡ÿ wkÿ‡Ki wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg ZË¡veavb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| Avi GB ZË¡veav‡bi KvRwUI
myPviæiƒ‡c m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cv‡ib †KejgvÎ cÖavb wkÿK| we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbvi cvkvcvwk wbqwgZ Zvi AvIZvaxb
wkÿKM‡Yi †kªwYK‡ÿ cvV`vb †K․kj ch©‡eÿY Kiv, wdWe¨vK cÖ`vb Kiv Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b †g›Uwis Kiv cÖv_wgK
we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki GKwU Ab¨Zg cÖavb `vwqZ¡|
cÖavb wkÿK GKw`‡K †hgb ZË¡veavbKvix, Ab¨w`‡K wZwb †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vbKvix| GRb¨ GKRb cÖavb wkÿK wb‡R‡K wkÿv
welqK †ckvRxex wn‡m‡e `vex Ki‡Z cv‡ib| cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki ZË¡veavbKvix Ges †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vbKvix f~wgKv hyMcr
msNwUZ n‡Z cv‡i| GKRb †bZvi wbgœewY©Z Pvi ai‡bi `vwqZ¡ _vKv evÃbxq:
 Kx Ki‡Z n‡e Zv Rvbv;
 cwiw¯ wZ Abyaveb Kiv;
 Zuv‡K hviv AbymiY Ki‡e Zuv‡ì Rvbv Ges
 wb‡R‡K Rvbv
 (Eric Hoyle, 1988)|
†bZ…‡Z¡i ¸Yvewj i‡q‡Q Ggb cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki c‡ÿ GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavbKvix wn‡m‡e f~wgKv cvjb Kiv mnR nq|
GRb¨ cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki †bZ…Z¡ m¤ú‡K© aviYv _vKv AZ¨šÍ Riæwi| GKRb †bZvi KwZcq •ewkó¨ _v‡K| Zuvi D³
•ewk‡óï Rb¨ wZwb Zuvi Abymvix‡ì‡K AvK…ó I DØy× Ki‡Z cv‡ib| G •ewkó¨mg~n Zuvi g‡a¨ ¯^Ztù‚Z©fv‡e _vK‡Z
cv‡i| Z‡e Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡gI G •ewkó¨mg~n AR©b Kiv m¤¢e|
193
†bZ…‡Z¡i •ewkó¨ :
 †h †Kv‡bv Kv‡R ev wel‡q BwZevPK g‡bvfve eRvq ivLv,
 D‡ËRbvKi cwiw¯ wZ‡Z wb‡R‡K wbqš¿‡Y ivLv;
 †h †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev wkï, mK‡ji cÖwZ kª×vkxj _vKv;
 A‡bï gZvgZ‡K m¤§vb Kiv;
 Ab¨‡K DØy× Kivi ÿgZv _vKv;
 AvKl©Yxq e¨w³‡Z¡i AwaKvix nIqv;
 AvZ¥wek¦vmx nIqvi ÿgZv _vKv;
 wbq‡gi cÖwZ kª×vkxj _vKv;
 Awf‡hvRb ÿgZv A_©vr †h †Kv‡bv cwieZ©‡b wb‡R‡K Lvc LvB‡q wb‡Z cvivi ÿgZv _vKv;
 †hvMv‡hvM `ÿZv _vKv|
GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb
GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb n‡jv GKwU avivevwnK cÖwµqv, †hLv‡b wkÿK †hvM¨vZvi Av‡jv‡K ch©‡eÿK I wkÿ‡Ki †h․_
D‡`¨v‡M †m․nv`©c~Y© cwi‡e‡k wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj ch©‡eÿY K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© I †g›Uwis-Gi gva¨‡g wkÿ‡Ki
†ckvMZ `ÿZvmg~‡ni Dbœqb NUv‡bv nq| GwU Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hvi gva¨‡g †kªwY‡Z wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg
cwiPvjbvKv‡j wkÿ‡Ki `ye©j w`K wPwýZ K‡i Zuv‡K avivevwnKfv‡e cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv I civgk© cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
G‡ÿ‡Î ch©‡eÿK‡K Aek¨B wkÿK †hvM¨Zv m¤ú‡K© my¯úó aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e| GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veav‡bi d‡j GKw`‡K
†hgb mKj wkÿv_x©i Dchy³ wkLb my‡hvM m„wó nq, Ab¨w`‡K wkÿ‡Ki †ckvMZ `ÿZvi gv‡bvbœq‡bi m¤¢vebvi Øvi
Db¥~³ nq|
GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veav‡bi D‡Ïk¨ :

 GKv‡WwgK ZËveav‡bi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv †kªwYK‡ÿ wkÿv_x©‡ì ¸YMZ wkLb wbwðZ Kiv;
 wkÿ‡Ki cvV`vb †K․k‡ji `ye©j w`Kmg~n wPwýZ K†i djveZ©b cÖ`vb Kiv;
 wkÿv_x©‡ì Ávbg~jK, Abyavebg~jK Ges cÖ‡qvMg~jK wkLb AMÖMwZ ch©‡eÿY Kiv;
 ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g wkÿ‡Ki wkÿK †hvM¨Zvi gvÎv wbiƒcY Kiv;
 cybt cybt ZË¡veav‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿ‡Ki †ckvMZ `ÿZvmg~‡ni Dbœqb NUv‡bv‡Z mnvqZv Kiv;
 we`¨vj‡q wkÿvi mvwe©K gv‡bvbœqb|
GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veav‡bi •ewkó¨ :
K. ev¯Íe Ae¯ vq GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb m¤úbœ Kiv;
L. GwU GKwU AvbyôvwbK cÖwµqv| ZË¡veavbKvix Ges wkÿK Df‡qi g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g ZË¡veav‡bi mgq I
wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi welq wba©viY Kiv nq;
M. wkÿK‡K cvV cwiKíbv I DcKiYmn cv‡Vi c~e©cÖ¯w‧ Z MÖnY K‡i wkÿK `ÿZvi Av‡jv‡K †kªwYK‡ÿ wkLb
†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z nq;
N. ZË¡veav‡bi Rb¨ cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki wkÿK †hvM¨Zvi Av‡jv‡K c~e© cÖ¯w‧ Z MÖnY Kiv Ges mywbw`©ó QK eënvi Kiv
evÃbxq;
O. GwU GKwU BwZevPK cÖwµqv, ZvB wkÿ‡Ki weeªZ nIqvi †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb †bB;
P. GwU GKwU wØgyLx cÖwµqv, cÖavb wkÿK I wkÿK Df‡qi G cÖwµqvq ¯^Zù~Z©fv‡e AskMÖnY K‡ib;
194
Q. G‡ÿ‡Î cÖavb wkÿK †g›Uwis-Gi gva¨‡g A_©vr GKRb AwfÁ mnvqZvKvix wn‡m‡e wkÿ‡Ki `ÿZvi
†ÿÎmg~n nv‡Z Kj‡g †`wL‡q †Ìqvi gva¨‡g Zvi †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœq‡bi cÖ‡Póv MÖnY K‡ib;
R. cÖavb wkÿK Ges wkÿK Dfq‡KB wkÿK †hvM¨Zv m¤ú‡K© my¯úó aviYv _vK‡Z nq;
S. cÖavb wkÿK†K GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb wel‡q cÖwkÿY cÖvß n‡Z n‡e;
T. wkÿKM‡Yi †ckvMZ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ GwU GKwU wbqwgZ ev Pjgvb cÖwµqv, AšÍZc‡ÿ mywbw`©ó gvb AwR©Z bv
nIqv ch©šÍ GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb Pvwj‡q †h‡Z n‡e;
U. (ESTEEM cÖKí, 2003)|
GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb cÖwµqv :

GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb GKwU mywbw`©ó I cwiKwíZ cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g m¤úbœ Kiv nq| wkL‡bi ¸YMZ I msL¨vMZ gvb
wbf©i K‡i wkÿK KZUzKz `ÿZvi m‡½ wkLv‡bvi †K․kjmg~n cÖ‡qvM K‡i wkÿv_x©‡ì †kLv‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| cvV cwiKíbv
cÖYqb, DcKiY wbe©vPb, wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv, g~j¨vqb †K․kj, wkL‡b gš i wkÿv_x© wPwýZ Kiv BZ¨vw`
cÖwZwU †ÿ‡Î Zuvi †hvM¨Zvi gvÎv wbiƒcY Kiv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖavb wkÿK ch©‡eÿ‡Ki f~wgKvq †_‡K djveZ©‡bi gva¨‡g
Zuvi †hvM¨Zvi `ye©j w`Kmg~n Zuv‡K AewnZ K‡ib|
wkÿK ch©‡eÿ‡Ki djveZ©b I ¯^-AbywPšÍ‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡Ri wkÿK `ÿZvi `ye©j w`Kmg~n wPwýZ K‡i ¯^wkLb
c×wZ‡Z wbR `ÿZv Dbœq‡b m‡Pó n‡Z cv‡ib| avivevwnKfv‡e G cÖwµqv cwiPvjbvi gva¨‡g wkÿ‡Ki Dbœqb NUv‡bv
nq| cÖavb wkÿK †g›Uwis-Gi gva¨‡gI wkÿK‡ì `ÿZv e„w×‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| G cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g wkÿK‡ì
Rb¨ cÖwkÿY Pvwn`vI wbiƒcY Kiv nq Ges Pvwn`vwfwËK mveK¬v÷vi cÖwkÿ‡Yi Av‡qvRb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GKv‡WwgK
ZË¡veavb cÖwµqv‡K wbgœiƒc cÖevnwP‡Îi gva¨‡g Dc¯ vcb Kiv n‡jv:
GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb cÖwµqv
195
GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb †K․kj :
avc wkÿ‡Ki KiYxq ch©‡eÿ‡Ki KiYxq
1. Kg© cwiKíbv  D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY,
wba©viY  wkÿK wbe©vPb,
 cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY (†PKwj÷) cÖYqb,
 ch©‡ewÿZe¨ cvV m¤ú‡K© c~e© cÖ¯w‧ Z MÖnY;
2. wkÿ‡Ki m‡½  D‡Ïk¨ Rvbv  ch©‡eÿ‡Yi KviY I D‡Ïk¨ ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv
mvÿvr  wkÿK †hvM¨Zv m¤ú‡K© aviYv  ch©‡eÿ‡Y †Kvb †Kvb wel‡qi Dci Av‡jvKcvZ
ivLv Kiv n‡e Zvi iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb
 wRÁvwmZ wel‡q m`yËi cÖ`vb  ch©‡eÿ‡Y Kx c×wZ I KvVv‡gv eënvi Kiv n‡e
Kiv Zv wVK Kiv
 ch©‡eÿ‡Yi ZvwiL I mgq wVK Kiv
 ch©‡eÿY-DËi djveZ©‡bi mgq wVK Kiv|
3. wkÿ‡Ki  wb‡Ri Kv‡Ri mywbw`©ó  wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R wkÿ‡Ki Kg© cwiwa wb‡q
Kvh©µg I cwiKíbv †kqvi Kiv Av‡jvPbv Kiv
eZ©gvb `ÿZv  cvV mswkøó wel‡q my¯úó aviYv  avivevwnK †ckvMZ Dbœqb m¤úwK©Z Kx Kx
wb‡q Av‡jvPbv _vKv cÖwkÿY wkÿK MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Zv Rvbv
 wkÿK †hvM¨Zv m¤ú‡K© wb‡Ri  wkÿK †hvM¨Zv m¤ú‡K© wb‡Ri Ávb cybt hvPvB Kiv
Abyaveb Av‡jvPbv Kiv  wkÿK †hvM¨Zv m¤ú‡K© wkÿ‡Ki Abyave‡bi ¯Íi Rvbv
 wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡Ri  wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv †ÿ‡Î Kx Kx
avivevwnK cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© Rvbv mgm¨v †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z nq †m wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv
I Zv eY©bv Kiv  ¯^ AbywPšÍb di‡g wkÿ‡Ki Ae¯ vb wPwýZ Kiv
 wb‡Ri †hvM¨Zv Abyaveb Kiv  ch©‡eÿY †PKwj÷ m¤ú‡K© wkÿ‡Ki m‡½
Ges mZZvi mv‡_ Zv Zz‡j aiv †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv Kiv
 ¯^ AbywPšÍb QK c~iY Kiv
4. wkLb †kLv‡bv  h_vmg‡q †kªwYK‡ÿ cÖ‡ek Kiv  wkÿ‡Ki m‡½ †kªwYK‡ÿ cÖ‡ek Kiv
Kvh©µg Ges ch©‡eÿK I wkÿv_x©‡ì  h_vwbq‡g wkÿK wkÿv_x©‡ì mv‡_ Kzkj wewbgq Kiv
ch©‡eÿY m‡½ Kzkj wewbgq Kiv  wkÿ‡Ki mivmwi `„wómxgvi g‡a¨ bq Ggb GKwU
 wb‡Ri cÖ¯Z ‧ K…Z cvV cwiKíbv ¯ v‡b emv
Abyhvqx wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg  wkÿ‡Ki cvVcwiKíbv I cvVmswkøó DcKiY
ïiæ Kiv ch©‡eÿY Kiv Ges Zvi h_v_©Zv/gvb †PKwj‡÷
 †kªwYK‡ÿ ch©‡eÿ‡Ki Dcw¯ wZ wjwce× Kiv
MÖvn¨ bv Kiv  wkÿv_x©‡ì m‡½ wkÿ‡Ki m¤úK© wPwýZ Kiv
 evûj¨ wKQz bv K‡i ¯^vfvweK  wkÿK KZ©„K cwiPvwjZ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi
wbq‡g Kvh©µg‡K GwM‡q wb‡q cÖwZwU avc ch©‡eÿY Kiv Ges cÖwZwU av‡ci gvb
†PKwj‡÷ MvwYwZK m~P‡K wPwýZ Kiv
hvIqv
 wkÿ‡Ki cÖwZwU Kv‡R wkÿv_x©‡ì mvov cÖ`v‡bi
 mgq m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb _vKv
wel‡q jÿ¨ ivLv
 mvov cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkÿv_x©‡ì AskMÖn‡Yi gvÎv
†PKwj‡÷ wjwce× Kiv
 wkÿv_x©‡ì wkLb AMÖMwZ hvPvB Kiv Ges †bvU †bIqv
 wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg †kl ch©šÍ ch©‡eÿY Kiv
Ges †bvU †bIqv
196
avc wkÿ‡Ki KiYxq ch©‡eÿ‡Ki KiYxq
5. djveZ©b I  djveZ©‡bi wel‡q gvbwmK  wba©vwiZ mg‡q djveZ©b ïiæ Kiv
jÿ¨ wba©viY cÖ¯w‧ Z MÖnY Kiv  djveZ©‡bi mgq Ab¨ KviI Dcw¯ wZi AeKvk bv
 ch©‡eÿ‡Ki cÖwZwU e³e¨ _vKvi welqwU jÿ¨ ivLv
g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †kvbv Ges  BwZevPK g‡bvfve wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ mnvqK
m¤§vb Kiv cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv
 BwZevPK g‡bvfve †cvlY Kiv  †PKwj÷ ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv
 wb‡Ri Kv‡R AwZwi³ wek¦vmx  cÖ_‡g wkÿ‡Ki wkLb †kLv‡bv †K․k‡ji mej
(Over Confident) bv nIqv w`Kmg~n Zz‡j aiv I cÖksmv Kiv
 ch©‡ewÿZ †PKwj÷ ch©v‡jvPbv  ch©‡eÿYKv‡j †PKwj‡÷ wjwce× wkÿK †hvM¨Zvi
Kiv Ges wb‡Ri wkÿK Dbœq‡bi †ÿÎmg~n mywbw`©ófv‡e Zz‡j aiv
†hvM¨Zvi `ye©j w`Kmg~n wPwýZ  †h․_ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g Dbœq‡bi †ÿÎmg~n
Kiv Abykxj‡bi wel‡q wm×všÍ MÖnY
 wbw`©ó mg‡q mgvav‡bi Rb¨ jÿ¨ wba©viY Kiv I
Z`vbyhvqx cwiKíbv MÖn‡Y wkÿK‡K civgk© †Ìqv
 Awfev`‡bi gva¨‡g djveZ©b Kvh©µg †kl Kiv
6. wkLb †kLv‡bv  c~‡e© AbywôZ ch©‡eÿ‡Yi  c~‡e© AbywôZ ch©‡eÿ‡Yi djveZ©b I †PKwj÷
Kvh©µg cybt djveZ©b I †PKwj÷ Abyhvqx Abyhvqx cybivq cvV ch©‡eÿ‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ¯w‧ Z MÖnY
ch©‡eÿY wbR wkÿK †hvM¨Zvi `ye©j I wkÿ‡Ki m‡½ Av‡jvPbv mv‡c‡ÿ mgq wba©viY
w`Kmg~n Dbœq‡bi Rb¨  cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY (†PKwj÷) cÖYqb,
Abykxjb Kiv  Dc‡i ewY©Z avcmg~n AbymiYc~e©K wkLb †kLv‡bv
 cybivq cvV ch©‡eÿ‡Yi Rb¨ Kvh©µg ch©‡eÿY I djveZ©‡b AskMÖnY
cÖ¯‧wZ MÖnY I ch©‡eÿ‡Ki m‡½
Av‡jvPbv mv‡c‡ÿ mgq wba©viY
 Dc‡i ewY©Z avcmg~n
AbymiYc~e©K wkLb †kLv‡bv
Kvh©µg ch©‡eÿY I djveZ©‡b
AskMÖnY
K. djveZ©b I  5 bs av‡c ewY©Z wbqg  5 bs av‡c ewY©Z c×wZ AbymiYc~e©K djveZ©‡b
cybtjÿ¨ AbymiYc~e©K djveZ©‡b cybt cybt AskMÖnY I jÿ¨ wba©viY
wba©viY AskMÖnY I cybt jÿ wba©viY
L. cÖwkÿY mnvqK  wb‡Ri †hvM¨Zv I `ÿZvi  wkÿ‡Ki cÖwkÿY Pvwn`v wbiƒcY Kiv
cwiKíbv MÖnY `ye©jZv wPwýZ Kiv Ges  Pvwn`v Abyhvqx cÖwkÿ‡Y AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨
mywbw`©ó wel‡q cÖwkÿY MÖn‡Yi wkÿK‡K wbe©vPb I †cÖi‡Y cÖ‡qvRbxq D‡`¨vM
Rb¨ cÖ¯w‧ Z MÖnY MÖnY
(Z_¨m~Î : cwi`k©b I eë¯ vcbv Kjv‡K․kj (2000) Ges cÖavb wkÿK I Kg©KZ©v‡ì GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv,
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, 2014)
197
wkÿK †hvM¨Zv (Teachers' Competency)
†hvM¨Zv n‡jv e¨w³i Ggb KwZcq •ewkó¨/¸Yvejx/`ÿZv hvi wfwË‡Z wZwb •`bw›`b Rxe‡b ev Kg©‡ÿ‡Î myôzfv‡e Kg©
m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| µgvMZ Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g e¨w³i †hvM¨Zvi avivevwnK Dbœqb N‡U Ges †mwUi cÖ‡qv‡M wewfbœ
cwi‡e‡k bZzb bZzb cwiw¯ wZ‡Z mgm¨v †gvKv‡ejv Kivi mgv_©¨ •Zwi nq|
wkÿK †hvM¨Zv (Teachers' Competency) : n‡jv wkÿ‡Ki Ggb KZ¸‡jv `ÿZvi mgwó hv cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g
wZwb Kvh©Ki wkLb †kLv‡bv cÖwµqv cwiPvjbvq mg_© nb| wkÿ‡Ki †ckvMZ Ávb, `ÿZv I `„wófw½i mgš^‡q wkÿK
†hvM¨Zvi eZ©gvb aviYv cÖwZwôZ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿvq| wkÿK †hvM¨Zvi 3wU wkLb †ÿÎ (Learning Domain) n‡jv :
1. †ckvMZ Ávb I Dcjwä
2. †ckvMZ Abykxjb
3. †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva I m¤úK© ¯ vcb
†kªwYK‡ÿ gvbm¤§Z wkLb-†kLv‡bv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ †ckvMZ Ávb, †ckvMZ Abykxjb I †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva I m¤úK©
¯ vcb GB wZbwU g~j †ÿ‡Îi wecix‡Z c‡biwU Dc‡ÿÎ wba©viY K‡i wkÿK †hvM¨Zvi wb‡`©kKmg~n‡K web¨¯Í Kiv
n‡q‡Q| `ÿZvi mv‡_ Kvh©Ki I gvbm¤§Z wkLb-†kLv‡bv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ GKRb wkÿ‡Ki cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj `ÿZvB
GB wZbwU g~j †ÿ‡Îi Aaxb Dc-†ÿÎ I †hvM¨Zvi wb‡`©kK¸‡jvi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q|
D‡jøL¨, wkÿK †hvM¨Zvi wewfbœ Dc‡ÿ‡Îi wecix‡Z ewY©Z wb‡`©kK I cvi`wk©Zvi m~PKmg~n cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q ¯^-
AbywPšÍb QK c~iY I we‡kølYc~e©K avivevwnK †ckvMZ Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿKMY †kªwYK‡ÿ `ÿZvi mv‡_ gvbm¤§Z
wkLb-†kLv‡bv wbwðZ K‡i mdjZvi mv‡_ cÖv_wgK wkÿv ¯Í‡ii †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkÿvµg ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb|
wkÿK †hvM¨Zvi wZbwU g~j †ÿ‡Îi wecix‡Z c‡biwU Dc‡ÿÎ
welq m¤úwK©Z Ávb
wkÿv`vb m¤úwK©Z Ávb
†ckvMZ Ávb wkÿvµg m¤ú‡K© aviYv
wkï m¤ú‡K© aviYv
AvBb-Kvbyb m¤úwK©Z aviYv
cwiKíbv cÖYqb m¤úwK©Z

cÖZ¨vkv
†ckvMZ †hvMv‡hvM `ÿZv

Abykxjbx †kªwYK‡ÿi eë¯ vcbv
DcKi‡Yi eënvi
g~j¨vqb
mgZvi cÖwZ Aw½Kvi

†ckvMZ wPšÍb Abykxjb Ges †ckvMZ Dbœqb
g~j¨‡eva I
m¤úK© ¯’vcb ¯ vbxq RbM‡Yi mv‡_ KvR
mnKg©x‡ì mv‡_ KvR
198
wkÿK †hvM¨Zvi wZbwU †ÿ‡Îi wecix‡Z Dc‡ÿÎ, wb‡`©kK I cvi`wk©Zvi m~PKmg~n
†hvM¨Zvi †hvM¨Zvi
†hvM¨Zvi wb‡`©kK cvi`wk©Zvi m~PK
†ÿÎ Dc‡ÿÎ
wkÿvµg cÖv_wgK I cÖvK-cÖv_wgK cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡gi jÿ¨, D‡Ïk¨ Ges cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv
m¤ú‡K© aviYv wkÿvi wkÿvµg m¤ú‡K© m¤ú‡K© Rv‡bb|
cwic~Y© aviYv cÖ`k©b K‡ib| cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvi †kªwYwfwËK wefvRbmn Kxfv‡e wkLbdj
nq Zv Rv‡bb|
wkLbdj‡K welqe¯Íyi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
wkÿv`vb c×wZ wkÿvµg Abyhvqx †kªwYK‡ÿ wkÿv_©xi c~e© Áv‡bi mv‡_ welqe¯Íy‡K mswkøó K‡ib|
m¤ú‡K© aviYv h_vh_ wkLb-†kLv‡bv †K․kj cvV¨cy¯ÍK QvovB my¯úófv‡e cv‡Vi welqe¯Íy Dc¯ vcb K‡ib|
m¤ú‡K© cwic~Y© aviYv cÖ`k©b
K‡ib| welqe¯Íy Abyave‡b mycwiKwíZ KvR †`b|
Db¥y³ cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g welqe¯Íy m¤ú‡K© †K․Zznjx K‡i Zz‡jb|
welqe¯‧ Abyave‡b Rxeb Nwbô D`vniY cÖ`vb K‡ib|
wkLbdj AR©‡bi Rb¨ mnvqK wkLb-†kLv‡bv †K․kj MÖnY K‡ib|
welq m¤úwK©Z cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK GKKfv‡e Ges †Rvovq/†QvU `‡j KvR K‡i wkL‡Z mnvqZv K‡ib|
Ávb ch©v‡qi mswkøó welq welqe¯Íy Abyave‡b wPšÍv Kivi Ges gZvgZ cÖKvk Kivi
†ckvMZ wkÿv`v‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq my‡hvM m„wó K‡ib|
welqwfwËK Ávb I aviYv
Ávb I welqe¯Íy mswkøó cwiKwíZ KvR †`b|
cÖ`k©b K‡ib|
Dcjwä wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ m„Rbkxj KvR Kivi my‡hvM m„wó K‡ib|
wkÿv_©x‡ì Pvwn`v I cviMZvi gvÎv Abyhvqx wkLb`j •Zwi
wkï‡ì kvixwiK I gvbwmK I wkLb †K․kj cÖ‡qvM K‡ib|
wkï m¤úwK©Z weKvk m¤úwK©Z ZË¡¸‡jv we‡kl Pvwn`v m¤úbœ wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ wkLb †K․kj wba©viY
aviYv Rv‡bb Ges Kxfv‡e wkï‡ì K‡ib|
wkL‡b mnvqZv †Ìqv hvq †m
mKj‡K ej‡Z Drmvn †`b Ges mK‡ji K_v
m¤ú‡K© ev¯ÍegyLx m‡PZbZv
cÖ`k©b K‡ib| g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i ï‡bb|
wkÿv_©x‡ì fyj DË‡i wei³ bv n‡q fyj DË‡ii KviY
AbymÜvb K‡ib|
AvBb-Kvbyb miKvwi cÖPwjZ wewaweavb QywU wewamn miKvwi Kg©Pvix AvPiYwewa m¤ú‡K© Rv‡bb|
m¤úwK©Z aviYv m¤ú‡K© Rv‡bb Ges mswkøó miKvwi Kg©Pvix wbqwgZ Dcw¯ wZ wel‡q we‡kl Aa¨v‡`k
mK‡ji mv‡_ KvR K‡i Zv m¤ú‡K© Rv‡bb|
ev¯Íevq‡bi aviYv cÖ`k©b
K‡ib| wewa †gvZv‡eK wewfbœ Avw_©K cÖvwßmn A_© mswkøó wel‡q
mg¨K aviYv Av‡Q|
miKvwi wewfbœ ch©v‡qi KZ…©c‡ÿi wb‡`©kbv h_vixwZ †g‡b P‡jb|
wbqwgZ welqwfwËK cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡ib|
†kªwYK‡ÿ wkÿv_©x‡ì AvMÖn mgq Abyhvqx cv‡Vi wkLbdj AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ Dc¯ vc‡bi
cwiKíbv cÖYqb m„wó Kiv, a‡i ivLv I mwµq avc, †kªwY eë¯ vcbv I g~j¨vqb †K․kj wba©viY K‡ib|
ivLvi †K․kjhy³ Kvh©Ki †kªwY‡Z wkÿv_©x †Kw›`ªK Kg©Zrci wkLb †K․kj wba©viY K‡ib|
wkLb Dc‡hvMx cvV cwiKíbv
cÖYqb K‡ib| wkL‡b AmyweavMÖ¯  I we‡kl Pvwn`v m¤úbœ‡ì wPwýZ K‡i
cÖwZKvig~jK wkÿ‡bi eë¯ v K‡ib|
mKj wkÿv_©x m¤ú‡K© D”Pvkv cv‡Vi welqe¯Íyi mv‡_ wkÿv_©x‡ì HwZn¨MZ I •`bw›`b
cÖZ¨vkv cÖ`k©b K‡ib Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Rxe‡bi AwfÁZv mgš^‡qi eë¯ v K‡ib|
Pvwn`v Ges K…wóMZ HwZn¨‡K wkÿv_©x‡ì mvg_© Abyhvqx †kªwYK‡ÿ cwiKwíZ KvR †`b|
m¤§vb K‡ib I g~j¨ w`‡q
_v‡Kb| wkÿv_©x‡` g‡a¨ bZzb Pvwn`v m„wó K‡ib|
wkÿv_©x‡ì KvR †kªwY‡Z cÖ`k©‡bi eë¯ v K‡ib|
199
cv‡Vi welqe¯‧ mK‡ji mKj wkÿv_©xi †evaMg¨ kªeY‡hvM¨ ¯^‡i cvV Dc¯ vcb K‡ib|
†evaMg¨ Kivi Rb¨ my¯úó †kªwY‡Z my¯úófv‡e Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡ib|
†hvMv‡hvM wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡ib Ges cvV mswkøó mywbw`©ó I Db¥y³ cÖkœ K‡ib|
`ÿZv wkL‡bi AMÖMwZi Rb¨
`ÿZvi mv‡_ cÖkœ K‡ib I wkÿv_©x‡ì mvg_©¨ we‡ePbv K‡i Ges mKj wkï‡K cÖvavb¨
†ckvMZ w`‡q cÖkœ K‡ib|
Abykxjb Av‡jvPbv‡K mv_©Kfv‡e
cwiPvjbv K‡ib| wkÿv_©x‡ì cÖkœ Kivi my‡hvMmn mK‡ji K_v ejvi my‡hvM
m„wó K‡ib|
†kªwY‡Z eø¨vK‡evW©mn mswkøó Ab¨vb¨ DcKi‡Yi Kvh©Ki
mKj wkÿv_©xi AskMÖn‡Yi eënvi wbwðZ K‡ib|
Rb¨ mnvqK, D‡Ïk¨c~Y©, Avmb web¨vm `‡j KvR Kivi Dc‡hvMx wKbv Zv wbwðZ K‡ib|
†kªwYK‡ÿi BwZevPK, wbivc` I mgZvi we‡kl Pvwn`v m¤úbœ wkÿv_©x‡ì wbKUeZ©x ¯ v‡b emv‡bvi
cwi‡ek I wkLb cwi‡ek m„wó K‡ib eë¯ v K‡ib|
eë¯ vcbv Ges wkÿv_©x‡ì mv‡_
BwZevPK Ges m¤§vbm~PK AMÖmi wkÿv_©x‡ì we‡kl KvR cÖ`vb K‡ib|
m¤úK© ¯ vc‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ wkÿv_©x‡ì fv‡jv KvR I AvPi‡Yi cÖksmv K‡ib|
†K․kj cÖ`k©b K‡ib| wkÿv_©x‡ì bvg a‡i m‡¤^vab K‡ib|
mKj wkïi cÖwZ `„wó ms‡hvM eRvq †i‡L cvV Dc¯ vcb K‡ib|
mgZvwfwËK Kvh©Ki cwi‡ek GKK I `‡j eënvi‡hvM¨ cvV mswkøó mnRjf¨ I `„wób›`b
wbwðZ K‡i `ÿZvi mv‡_ DcKiY eënvi K‡ib|
DcKiY eënvi mnRjf¨ I ¯ vbxqfv‡e mKj wkÿv_©xi mgvb my‡hvM wbwðZ K‡i DcKiY eënvi
m„sMxZ/•Zwi `„wób›`b K‡ib|
DcKiY Ges wWwRUvj K‡›U
`ÿZvi mv‡_ wWwRUvj K‡›U›U •Zwi I eënvi K‡ib|
•Zwi I eënvi K‡ib|
†kªwY‡Z cwiKíbv gvwdK wkLbdj Abymv‡i g~j¨vqb †K․kj
MvVwbK g~j¨vq‡bi h_vh_ cÖ‡qvM K‡ib|
†K․kj wba©viY I cÖ‡qvMmn g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ Db¥y³ cÖkœ K‡ib|
wkÿv_©x‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxq wkÿv_©x‡ì wPšÍv K‡i cÖ‡kœi DËi `v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó K‡ib|
g~j¨vqb wdWe¨vK cÖ ` vb †Kib Ges
BwZevPK wdWe¨vK cÖ`vb K‡ib|
g~j¨vqb †_‡K cÖvß Z_¨
we‡kølY K‡i wkÿv_©x‡ì wkÿv_©x‡ì avivevwnK AMÖMwZi †iKW© (cvwÿK) msiÿY
fwel¨r Dbœq‡bi eënvi K‡ib|
K‡‡ib| g~j¨vq‡bi djvd‡ji Dci wfwË K‡i wkÿY cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡ib|
wewfbœ Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x‡K e¨w³MZ fv‡e wP‡bb|
mgZvi cÖwZ wkïi g‡a¨ wbwnZ m¤¢vebvi cvV`vbmn mKj †ÿ‡Î wkÿv_©x‡ì cÖwZ mgvb g‡bv‡hvM
A½xKvi c~Y©gvÎvq weKv‡ki †`b|
AwaKvimn GKxf‚Z wkÿv, cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki g‡a¨B m¤¢vebv Av‡Q wek¦vm K‡ib Ges wkL‡bi
b¨vqcivqYZv Ges mgZvi Rb¨ mevi mgvb my‡hvM m„wó K‡ib|
†ckvMZ cÖwZ A½xKvi cÖ`k©b K‡ib|
g~j¨‡eva I wPšÍ b , Aby k xjb wkÿK wnmv‡e †ckvMZ wb‡Ri Dbœq‡bi †ÿ‡Î wPwýZ K‡ib|
m¤úK© ¯’vcb Ges †ckvMZ Dbœq‡bi cÖwZ A½xKvi cÖ`k©b wb‡Ri Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ mnKg©x Ges mswkøó e¨w³e‡M©i mv‡_
Dbœqb K‡ib| civgk© K‡ib|
wewfbœ Rvb©vj, cwÎKvq †ckv welqK mywPwšÍZ gZvgZ cÖKvk K‡ib|
mnKg©x‡ì mv‡_ mnKg©x‡ì mv‡_ BwZevPK wdWe¨vK MÖnY K‡ib Ges †m Abyhvqx c`‡ÿc
mn‡hvwMZv mn‡hvwMZvg~jK BwZevPK MÖnY K‡ib|
m¤úK© eRvq iv‡Lb| mnKg©x‡ì mv‡Z PgrKvi m¤úK© eRvq iv‡Lb|
¯ vbxq RbM‡Yi AwffveK I ¯ vbxq RbM‡Yi cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©xi Awffve‡Ki cÖwZ BwZevPK g‡bvfve †cvlY
mv‡_ AskMÖnY mv‡_ mn‡hvwMZvg~jK K‡ib|
BwZevPK m¤úK© eRvq wbqwgZ †nvgwfwRUmn wkÿv_©x m¤ú‡K© Awffve‡Ki mv‡_
iv‡Lb| Av‡jvPbv K‡ib|
200
10.2: mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi, Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi,
mnKvix BÝUªv±i I BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±iMY KZ…©K we`¨vjq
cwi`k©b Ges cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb
cwi`k©‡bi AvwfavwbK A_© †`Lvïbv| cwi`k©‡bi gva¨‡gB cÖwZôvb ev Kvh©vjq cÖavb Zuvi cÖwZôvb ev Kvh©vj‡q Kg©iZ
Kg©Pvixe„›` Ges eëüZ mKj e¯‧MZ Dcv`vb ev DcKiY e¨w³MZfv‡e ch©‡eÿY, cixÿY, we‡kølY I g~j¨vqbc~e©K
mwVK e¨w³‡K mwVK Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ †i‡L cÖ‡Z¨KwU e¯‧MZ Dcv`vb m‡e©vËg eënvi wbwðZ K‡i Gi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨
ev¯Íevq‡b mÿg nq|
mKj cÖKvi miKvwi, †emiKvwi I ¯^vqËkvwmZ cÖwZôvb, Kvh©vjq ev wefv‡Mi cÖkvmb I eë¯ vcbv‡K mwµq I MwZkxj
K‡i Zv‡ì jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ ev¯Íevq‡b cwi`k©‡bi f~wgKv LyeB ¸iyZ¡c~Y© I Acwinvh©| cwi`k©b Qvov †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡ÎiB
cÖkvmb ev eë¯ vcbv cÖwµqv‡K mwµq I MwZkxj Kivi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv weKí cš v bv _vKvq cwi`k©b‡K mKj cÖKvi
cÖkvmb I eë¯ vcbvi wfwË wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq|
 cwi`k©b Gi D‡Ïk¨ :
 Awdm I we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbvi Dbœqb
 †kªwY cvV`v‡bi gvb Dbœqb
 mswkøóM‡Yi g‡a¨ m‡PZbv‡eva m„wó
 Revew`wnZv I ¯^”QZv wbwðZKiY
 Awdm cwiPvjbvi ¸YMZ `ÿZv e„w×KiY
 we`¨vj‡q wkÿv_©x Dcw¯ wZ e„w×, S‡i cov †iva Ges Cycle completion wbwðZ KiY
 wkÿv_©x‡ì Kvw•ÿZ wkLbdj AR©b wbwðZKiY
 we`¨vj‡qi †MÖW Dbœqb
cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸YMZ gvb Dbœqb Ges wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg m~Pviæiƒ‡c cwiPvjbv Kiv cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK‡ì
cÖavb KvR| GKvRwU mwVKfv‡e ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡”Q wKbv Zv m‡iRwg‡b †`Lvi Rb¨ we`¨vjq cwi`k©‡bi weKí †bB|
we`¨vj‡qi †kÖwY Kvh©µg I Ab¨vb¨ welqvwì mwVK Z`viwKi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb I cwi`k©b| G KvRwU
ZË¡veav‡bi Rb¨ wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Qb cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖkvm‡bi wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii Kg©KZ©v I Ab¨vb¨ cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©vMY| G
BDwb‡U Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi, mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi, BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±i I mnKvix
BÝUªv±iMY KZ…©K we`¨vjq cwi`k©b Ges cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:
mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi :

cÖ‡Z¨K Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awd‡mi Aax‡b i‡q‡Q K‡qKwU K¬v÷vi Awdm hvi `vwq‡Z¡ i‡q‡Qb mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv
wkÿv Awdmvi| cÖv_wgK wkÿvi †ÿ‡Î we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbv, cÖkvmb wbqš¿Y Ges we`¨vjq ZË¡veav‡b `vwqZ¡c~Y© Kv‡R
GKRb mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii f~wgKv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| gvbm¤§Z cÖv_wgK wkÿvi mdj ev¯Íevq‡b
GKRb mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii m„Rbkxj g‡bvfve I MwZkxj †bZ…Z¡ we¯Ívi K‡i| wZwb cÖwZgv‡m Zuvi
K¬v÷v‡ii 10wU we`¨vjq cwi`k©b K‡i cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii wbw`©ó Q‡K cÖwZ‡e`b Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi
eivei `vwLj K‡ib| cwi`k©‡bi Zvwi‡L we`¨vj‡qi Kvh©Kvjxb mgq †kl bv nIqv ch©šÍ we`¨vj‡q Dcw¯ Z †_‡K
wkÿK‡ì cÖwkÿY, `vwqZ¡ KZ©e¨ cvjb, †kÖwYK‡ÿ cvV`vb BZ¨vw` welq ch©‡eÿY Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv w`‡q
_v‡Kb|
201
mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv AwdmviKZ©„K cwi`k©‡bi aib I †K․kj :
 cwi`k©b‡K GKwU k³ KvVv‡gv‡Z Avbvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ eQ‡ii ïiæ‡Z
Dc‡Rjv/_vbvi mKj mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi GK‡Î e‡m evwl©K cwi`k©b cwiKíbv cÖYqb
Ki‡eb;
 GKRb mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi Zuvi K¬v÷vifz³ we`¨vjq¸‡jv Ae¯ vb I msL¨v‡f‡` 2-3
gv‡mi g‡a¨ GKevi cwi`k©b Ki‡eb;
 mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv AwdmviMY wbR wbR evwl©K cwi`k©b cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡i Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv
Kg©KZ©v KZ©„K Aby‡gv`b MÖnY Ki‡eb|
 Zuviv Aby‡gvw`Z evwl©K cwi`k©b cwiKíbvi Kwc mswkøó †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdm, Ges wefvMxq cÖv_wgK
wkÿv Awd‡m †cÖiY Ki‡eb|
 GKwU we`¨vjq cwi`k©‡bi Rb¨ GKRb cÖavb wkÿK‡K mn‡hvMx wn‡m‡e wb‡q mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv
Awdmvi †Rvov MVb Ki‡eb| G‡ÿ‡Î GKB cÖavb wkÿK‡K evi evi †Rvov MV‡bi Rb¨ wbe©vPb Kiv hv‡e
bv;
 Dc‡Rjv/_vbvi mKj we`¨j‡qi cÖavb wkÿK ch©vµ‡g cwi`k©K mn‡hvMx wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡eb;
 Zuviv cwi`wk©Ze¨ we`¨vjq cwi`k©‡bi GK mßvn Av‡M cwi`k©‡bi welq cÖavb wkÿK‡K AewnZ Ki‡eb,
mKj welq nvjbvMv` K‡i ivLvi civgk© †`‡eb Ges †cÖwiZ QK c~iY K‡i ivL‡Z ej‡eb|
 cwi`k©‡bi w`b cwi`k©K RywU GK‡Î we`¨vjq Kvh©µg ïiæi AšÍZc‡ÿ 15 wgwbU c~‡e© mswkøó we`¨vj‡q Mgb
Ki‡eb Ges Kvh©µg ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ Ae¯ vb Ki‡eb|
 Zuviv we`¨vj‡q wkÿK wkÿv_x©‡ì AvMgb, •`wbK mgv‡ek, RvZxq m½xZ cwi‡ekb, wkÿvg~jK †¯øvMvb
cÖf…wZ cy•Lvbycy•Liƒ‡c ch©‡eÿY Ki‡eb|
 Zuviv Awdm eë¯ vcbv (bw_, †iwR÷vi, K¬vm iæwUb BZ¨vw`) wbweofv‡e ch©‡eÿY Ki‡eb;
 Zuviv Kgc‡ÿ 2wU †kÖwYKvh©µg wbweofv‡e ch©‡eÿY Ki‡eb Ges wba©vwiZ Q‡K gšÍe¨ wjwce× Ki‡eb;
 cÖ_gZ, cÖavb wkÿK, mnKvix wkÿK, GmGgwm mfvcwZ/m`m¨, AwffveK mK‡ji m‡½ †m․Rb¨g~jK
AvPiY Ki‡eb;
 cwi`k©bKv‡j we`¨vj‡qi KvRK‡g©i cÖwZ kÖ×v cÖ`k©b Ki‡eb Ges cwi`k©b hv‡Z we`¨vj‡qi ¯^vfvweK
KvRK‡g© e¨vNvZ bv NUvq †mw`‡K mZK© `„wó ivL‡eb; †Kv‡bvg‡ZB we`¨vjq KZ©„c‡ÿi cÖwZ AeÁv cÖ`k©b
Kiv hv‡e bv;
 cwi`k©KMY AvšÍwiK AvPiY Ki‡eb; Zuviv wbi‡cÿ I cÿcvZnxb n‡eb Ges mK‡ji m‡½ mgvb AvPiY
Ki‡eb;
 wkÿK I wkÿv_x©‡ì Dcw¯ wZ ch©‡eÿY Ki‡eb;
 Zuviv we`¨vj‡qi Avw½bvmn †kÖwYKÿ, AwdmKÿ, IqvUvi I †mwb‡Uk‡bi cwi”QbœZv Ny‡i Ny‡i ch©‡eÿY
Ki‡eb;
 wkÿv_x©‡ì †Wª‡mi Ae¯ v I cwi”QbœZv ch©‡eÿY Ki‡eb;
 •`wbK mgv‡ek ch©‡eÿY Ki‡eb;
 Zuviv cÖvß Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z mZZvi mv‡_ g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb Ges my¯úó, mswÿß Ges ev¯Íe cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb
Ki‡eb;
 cÖ‡qvRbxq †ÿ‡Î †ÿ‡Î †MvcbxqZv iÿv Ki‡eb|
 cwi`kb© Kvh©µg mgvß n‡j cwi`k©KMY cÖavb wkÿK, Ab¨vb¨ wkÿK Ges GmGgwm-Gi mfvcwZ I Ab¨vb¨
m`m¨‡ì m‡½ GKwU mswÿß mfvq wgwjZ n‡eb|
 D³ mfvq Zuviv †kÖwY Kvh©µg ch©‡eÿY Ges we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbv msµvšÍ wel‡q mnKvix wkÿK I cÖavb
wkÿK‡K Ges GmGgwm-‡K †g․wLK djveZ©b cÖ`vb Ki‡eb, ciewZ©‡Z wjwLZ cÖwZ‡e`‡b Zv mwbœ‡ewkZ
n‡e;
 wKQz wKQz wel‡qi Ae¯ v I cwiw¯ wZ we‡ePbv K‡i ZvrÿwYK mgvavb w`‡eb;
 cwi`k©‡bi GK mßv‡ni g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡e`b P~ovšÍ K‡i cÖavb wkÿK, Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi Ges †Rjv
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi‡K Abywjwc †cÖiY Ki‡eb|
202
 cwi`k©b h_vh_ bv n‡j Ges h_vmg‡q cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b M„nxZ bv n‡j mswkøó cwi`k©bKvix Kg©KZ©vi
weiæ‡× wefvMxq eë¯ v MÖnY Kiv hv‡e|
 cÖavb wkÿK cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Ici AwaK ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Ki‡eb Ges Zv h_vh_fv‡e msiÿY Ki‡eb;
cieZx©‡Z †h †Kv‡bv EaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©v KZ©„K cwi`k©bKv‡j wZwb c~‡e©i cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b Dc¯ vcb Ki‡eb|
 cwi`wk©Z we`¨vjqwU cieZx© 2 gv‡mi g‡a¨ d‡jvAvc cwi`k©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
we`¨vjq cwi`k©‡bi Rb¨ bgybv digwU wb¤œiƒc :

gvm I eQi : 20
MYcÖRvš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi
†mKkb- 2, wgicyi, XvKv- 1216|
cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b
(cÖ‡hvR¨ mKj †ÿ‡Î Z_¨ hvPvB-evQvBc~e©K c~iY Kiæb )
mvaviY Z_¨ :
we`¨vj‡qi aib: we`¨vjq EMIS †KvW :
................................
1. we`¨vj‡qi bvg : ................................... Dc‡Rjv/_vbv : ....................... †Rjv : .................

2. cwi`k©bKvixi bvg :............................... cèx : ............... cwi`k©‡bi ZvwiL : .....................
3. cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki bvg: †gvevBj bs : eZ©gvb Kg©¯ ‡j †hvM`v‡bi ZvwiL :
4. we`¨vj‡qi †MÖW (wUK w`b) : G we wm wW †MÖW Dbœq‡bi mvj wkdU
5. wkÿK/wkwÿKvi Z_¨:
Aby‡gvw`Z c` Kg©iZ Dcw¯ Z msL¨v Abycw¯ Z wkÿ‡Ki Abycw¯ wZi mshy³ wkÿK gšÍe¨
msL¨v bvg KviY msL¨v
6| K. ¯‥zj cÖv½Y, cwi®‥vi-cwi”Qbœ wK ? nu¨v bv

L. Uq‡jU cwi®‥vi-cwi”Qbœ wK ? nu¨v bv
M. wbivc` cvbxq R‡ji eë¯ v Av‡Q wK ? nu¨v bv
N. gwbUwis †evW© Av‡Q wK ? nu¨v bv
O. gwbUwis †evW© nvjbvMv` wK ? nu¨v 1g bv 2q

P. we`¨vjq Avw½bv ev gvV ch©vß e„ÿ/MvQ Øviv cwi‡ewóZ wK? nu¨v bv
Q. wkÿv_©x‡ì †cvkvK cwi®‥vi-cwi”Qbœ wK ? nu¨v bv
R. †kªYxKÿ cwi®‥vi-cwiQbœ wK? nu¨v bv
S. wkÿ‡Ki Kÿ cwi®‥vi-cwi”Qbœ wK? nu¨v bv
(K †_‡K S ch©šÍ nu¨v n‡j wUK, bv n‡j x w`b)
203
wkLb - †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg msµvšÍ Z_¨ :
7. cwi`k©b eQ‡i fwZ©K…Z I cwi`k©b Zvwi‡L Dcw¯ Z wkÿv_©x msL¨v :
fwZ©K…Z QvÎ-QvÎxi msL¨v Dcw¯ Z Dcw¯ wZi nvi
†kÖYx
evjK evwjKv †gvU evjK evwjKv †gvU
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK
1g
2q
3q
4_©
5g
6ô
7g
8g
†gvU
 we‡kl Pvwn`v m¤úbœ wkÿv_©x _vK‡j †kªwY : msL¨v

 6ô †kÖYx (hw` _v‡K) fwZ©K…Z: evjK- evwjKv- †gvU- Dcw¯ Z: evjK- evwjKv-
†gvU
8. K. weMZ 03 gv‡m †nvg wfwR‡Ui msL¨v ( hvPvBc~e©K Z_¨ wjL‡Z n‡e ) : wU

L. G mg‡q †nvg wfwRU K‡ib bvB Ggb wkÿ‡Ki bvg :
9. K. †kªwY Kvh©µg ch©‡eÿY (cwi`k©bKvix AZšÍ 2wU †kªYxK‡ÿ c~Y© cvV`vb ch©‡eÿY K‡i Z_¨vw` mwbœ‡ek
Ki‡eb) :
wkÿ‡Ki bvg †kªYx welq I cvV wkÿ‡Ki Lesson wkÿv DcKi‡Yi wcwQ‡qcov
wk‡ivbvg c~e© plan AbymiY Kvh©Ki eënvi wkÿv_x©‡ì Rb¨
cÖ¯w‧ Z wbivgqg~jK
mnvqZv
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
wkÿv_©x‡ì Abykxjb Kivi †kªwY Kvh©µ‡g wkLb dj wkÿ‡Ki wkÿK-wkÿv_©x we‡kl Pvwn`v
my‡hvM m„wó wkÿv_x©‡ì AR©b Kg©ZrciZv m¤úK© m¤úbœ wkÿv_©xi
mwµq AskMÖnY AMÖMwZ cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM
8 9 10 11 12 13
204
 cÖwZ‡ÿ‡Î ÔLye Lvivc - 1, PjwZ gv‡bi wb‡P - 2, PjwZgvb- 3, DËg- 4, AwZ DËg- 5
L. cv‡Vi gvb Dbœq‡b ch©‡eÿ‡Ki civgk© (ch©‡ewÿZ wkÿK‡Ki mv‡_ gZ wewbgqc~e©K wjL‡Z n‡e) :
1.
2.
10. mgvcbx cixÿv msµvšÍ Z_¨ (weMZ 3 eQ‡ii) :
fwZ©K…Z cixÿvq e„wË cÖvwßi msL¨v
wW Avify³ cv‡mi
mvj wkÿv_©x AskMÖnYKvix wRwcG 5 gšÍe¨
wkÿv_©x msL¨v U¨v‡j›Ucyj mvaviY
(5g †kªYx) wkÿv_x©i msL¨v
wewea welqK Z_¨ :

(DËi nu¨v n‡j cÖ‡kœi cv‡k Ônu¨vÕ wjLyb Ges DËi bv n‡j cÖ‡kœi cv‡k ÔbvÕ wjLby|)
11. K. evwl©K cvV cwiKíbv Av‡Q wK?
L. evwl©K mvwe©K Kg©cwiKíbv Av‡Q wK?
M. mvßvwnK K¬vk iæwUb Abyhvqx †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq wK ?
N. †kªwYKÿ wkÿv_©x‡ì m„Rbkxj KvR Øviv mw¾Z wK ?
O. †kªwYK‡ÿi †`qv‡j wkÿvg~jK wel‡qi Qwe, †`‡ki gvbwPÎ, cwi‡ek cÖf„wZ welqK
†`qvj wPÎ Av‡Q wK?
P. we`¨vjqwU‡Z mnvqK cVb mvgMÖx (SRM) eëüZ nq wK? (huvPvB K‡i wjLyb)
12. K. we`¨vjqwU SLIP Kvh©µg Kg© cwiKíbv Abyhvqx ev¯Íevqb nq wK?
L. Aby‡gvw`Z SLIP cwiKíbv we`¨vjq K‡ÿ `„k¨gvb ¯ v‡b cÖ`wk©Z wK bv ?
M. SLIP eivÏK…Z A_© wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx LiP n‡q‡Q wK bv ?
N. SLIP µqK…Z gvjvgvj ÷K LvZvq wjvwce× I mvgvwRK g~j¨vqb KwgwU Øviv Aby‡gvw`Z wK ?
O. ¯ vbxqfv‡e cÖvß Aby`v‡bi cwigvY :
13. K. we`¨vj‡q K¨vP‡g›U GjvKvi g¨vc nvjbvMv` Kx ?

L. K¨vP‡g›U GjvKvi wkï Rwi‡ci Z_¨ nvjbvMv` Av‡Q Kx ?
M. †iwR÷ªvi I †iKW© cÎ mwVKfv‡e eënvi Kiv nq Kx ?
N. wkÿv_©x‡ì ¯‥zj BDwbdig Av‡Q Kx ?
O. we`¨vjqwU‡Z wbqwgZ mgv‡ek nq Kx ?
P. we`¨vjqwU‡Z Kve`j Kvh©µg Av‡Q Kx ?
14. K. GmGgwm/ wcwUG Kvh©µ‡gi wel‡q gšÍe¨ :
1.
2.
L. Dce„wË / ¯‥zj wdwWs I Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q gšÍe¨ :
1.
M. we`¨vj‡q Kx Kx mncvV Kvh©µg Av‡Q :
1.
205
N. AwffveK/ gv mgv‡ek Abyôvb m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ :
O. we`¨vj‡qi Dbœqbg~jK KvR (wbg©vY/cybwbg©vY/ †givgZ/ms¯‥vi/AvmevecÎ mieivn) Gi gvb m¤úwK©Z
gšÍe¨ :
15. K. c~eeZ©x cwi`k©bKvixi bvg : cèx: cwi`k©b ZvwiL :
L. c~e©eZ©x cwi`k©bKvixi civgk© (hw` _v‡K):
1.
M. c~e©eZ©x cwi`k©bKvixi †hme civgk© ev¯ÍevwqZ nqwb Zvi weeiY :
N. civgk© ev¯ÍevwqZ bv nIqvi KviY :
16. cwi`k©bKvixi g‡Z cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki †hvM¨Zv (Ávb, `ÿZv I `„wófw½) I Kg©ZrciZv :
AwZ DËg DËg ga¨g PjwZ gv‡bi
17. mvwe©K g~j¨vq‡b we`¨vj‡qi gvb :

(* 16 I 17bs Kjv‡g Dchy³ ¯ v‡b Aby¯^vÿi Kiæb)
18. mvwe©K gšÍe¨ I mycvwik :

1.
cwi`k©bKvixi ¯^vÿi,
ZvwiL I mxj :
¯§viK bs :
m`q AeMwZ I Kvh©v‡_© †cÖiY Kiv n‡jv :
1. mwPe, cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq, evsjv‡`k mwPevjq, XvKv|
2. gnvcwiPvjK, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, †mKkb 2, wgicyi, XvKv- 1216|
3. DccwiPvjK, wefvMxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kvh©vjq, ....................wefvM.................................|
4. †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi, †Rjv- .....................................................................|
5. mycvwib‡Ub‡WÛ .................................................... wcwU AvB|
6. Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Kg©KZ©v, Dc‡Rjv/_vbv-........................., †Rjv-.......................|
7. BÝUªv±i ............................................BD Avi wm, †Rjv ...................................|
8. cÖavb wkÿK, ........................... we`¨vjq, Dc‡Rjv/_vbv-.................., †Rjv-...........................|
9. msiÿY Kwc|
(*Kwc weZiY : cwi`k©bKvix Kg©KZ©v cÖ‡qvRbvbymv‡i †Kej mswkøó e¨w³M©‡K Abywjwc †cÖiY Ki‡eb|)
ZvwiL I mxj :
Dc‡iv³ QK †gvZv‡eK mswkøó Kg©KZ©v we`¨vj‡qi Kvh©µg PjvKvjxb mg‡q †kªwY Kvh©µgmn wewfbœ bw_cÎ, †iwR÷ªvi,
dvBjcÎ ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i we`¨vjq cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b •Zwi K‡i _v‡Kb Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© I wb‡`©kbv cwi`k©b
ewn‡Z wjwce× K‡ib| Giƒc 5wU Kg©wè‡m mswkøó Dc‡Rjvi wfbœ wfbœ 5wU we`¨vjq cwi`k©b K‡i cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b
206
†Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi eivei †cÖiY Ki‡eb| GQvovI wZwb mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi KZ©©„K
cwi`k©bK…Z cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb K‡i EaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©vi wbKU †cÖiY Ki‡eb| cieZx© c„ôvq g~j¨vqb digwUi bgybv †Ìqv
n‡jv:-
MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi

evsjv‡`k, XvKv
cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b mvims‡ÿc (bgybv)
Kg©KZ©vi bvg : cèx : Dc‡Rjv :
†Rjv: wefvM :
cwi`k©‡bi gvm : .................................................................
bs we`¨vj‡qi bvg cwi`k©‡bi cwi`k©‡b cÖvß cwi`k©‡b cÖvß M„nxZ

ZvwiL fv‡jv/D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Awbqg/mgm¨vewji eë¯ v wbqš¿YKvix KZ©„cÿ
welq weeiY KZ©„K M„nxZ eë¯ v
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Kg©KZ©vi ¯^vÿi
wbqš¿YKvix Kg©KZ©vi ¯^vÿi
(Z_¨m~Î : mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Kg©KZ©v‡ì cÖwkÿY mnvqK cyw¯ÍKv(2009) Ges cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb wef‡Mi
mvK©yjvi, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi|)
Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi
cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖkvm‡bi gvV ch©v‡qi me‡P‡q wbKUZg cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v n‡jb Dc‡Rjv / _vbv wkÿv Awdmvi|
Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœq‡bi hveZxq `vwqZ¡ Zv‡K cvjb Ki‡Z nq| cvkvcvwk we`¨vj‡qi ZË¡veavb I wkÿv
welqK `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ cvjb Ki‡Z nq| G Kg©KZ©vMY wba©vwiZ di‡ggv‡m Kgc‡ÿ 5wU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cwi`k©b
K‡i cÖwZ‡e`b EaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©vi wbKU †cÖiY K‡i _v‡Kb|
207
Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi KZ©„K cwi`k©‡bi aib I †K․kj
Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi mvaviYZ cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q wZb ai‡bi cwi`k©b K‡i _v‡Kb| †hgb :
K. AvbyôvwbK/ †NvwlZ cwi`k©b
L. AvKw¯§K cwi`k©b
M. d‡jvAvc cwi`k©b
 GKRb Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi GKwU hyw³m½Z mg‡qi g‡a¨ Dc‡Rjv/_vbvaxb cÖwZwU we`¨vjq
cwi`k©b Ki‡eb;
 Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi cwi`k©b mn‡hvMx wn‡m‡e mswkøó K¬v÷v‡ii mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv
Awdmvi A_ev GKRb cÖavb wkÿK‡K g‡bvbxZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 cÖ_g chv©‡qi cwi`k©bKvix Kg©KZ©v‡ì (mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿvAwdmvi) b¨vq Zuv‡ìI evwl©K
cwi`k©b cwiKíbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
 Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv AwdmviMY wbR wbR evwl©K cwi`k©b cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡i †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv
Awdmvi KZ©„K Aby‡gv`b MÖnY Ki‡eb Ges Aby‡gvw`Z evwl©K cwi`k©b cwiKíbvi Kwc mswkøó †Rjv
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdm Ges wefvMxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awd‡m †cÖiY Ki‡eb|
 G ch©v‡qi cwi`k©‡bi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡e cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi cwi`k©bKvix Kg©KZ©v KZ©„K cwi`wk©Z we`¨vj‡qi
cwi`k©‡bi gvb wbi~cY|
 Zuviv cwi`wk©Ze¨ we`¨vjqwU cÖv_wgK chv©‡qi cwi`k©bKvix Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi cwi`k©b cwiKíbv Abyhvqx
cwi`k©b Kiv n‡q‡Q wKbv hvPvB Ki‡eb| hw` we`¨vjqwU B‡Zvc~‡e© cwi`k©b Kiv n‡q _v‡K Z‡e cwi`k©b
wi‡cv‡U© ewY©Z wb‡`©kbvmg~n ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡q‡Q wKbv cwiexÿY Ki‡eb|
 AvKw¯§K cwi`k©‡bi †ÿ‡Î RywU MV‡bi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| Zuviv †h †Kv‡bv w`b cÖgvc Abyhvqx G cwi`k©b
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| cwi`k©‡bi cÖwZ‡ÿ‡ÎB Zuv‡ì wba©vwiZ Q‡K cÖwZ‡e`b †cÖiY Ki‡Z n‡e|
 d‡jvAvc cwi`k©‡bi †ÿ‡Î wZwb wb‡R †h mKj we`¨vj‡q †NvwlZ cwi`k©b K‡i‡Qb †m we`¨vjqmg~n
d‡jvAvc cwi`k©b Ki‡eb|
 d‡jvAvc cwi`k©b †NvwlZ ev AvKw¯§K DfqB n‡Z cv‡i|
 cwi`k©‡bi GK mßv‡ni g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡e`b P~ovšÍ K‡i cÖavb wkÿK Ges †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi‡K
Abywjwc †cÖiY Ki‡eb|
 Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv AwdmviMY mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv AwdmviM‡Yi cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb K‡i †Rjv
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi eive‡i †cÖiY K‡ib|
 cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv I d‡jvAv‡ci civgk© cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
BDAviwm / wUAviwm BÝUªv±i I mnKvix BÝUªv±iM‡Yi cwi`k©b

Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wi‡mvm© †m›Uvi cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯ vcbvq GK bZzb AeKvVv‡gvMZ ms‡hvRb| G cÖwZôvbwU g~jZ miKvi
cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸YMZgvb-Dbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ Ges cÖwkÿY eë¯ vcbvi we‡K›`ªxKi‡Y D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖwZôv K‡ib| G cÖwZôv‡bi
Kg©KZ©v‡ì gyL¨ `vwqZ¡ mveK¬v÷vi I wewfbœ welqwfwËK cÖwkÿYmn ¯^í‡gqvw` cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb I cwiPvjbv Kiv| Zv‡ì
`vwqZ¡ I KZ©‡eï g‡a¨ cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cwi`k©b Ab¨Zg| BÝUªv±i (BDAviwm) Gi Rb¨ gv‡m 5wU Ges mnKvix
BÝUªv±‡ii Rb¨ 7wU we`¨vjq cwi`k©b Ki‡Z nq|
208
BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±i I mnKvix BÝUªv±i cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii wba©vwiZ cwi`k©b QK eënvi K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K
gv‡m Zvi wbR Dc‡Rjv/_vbvi g‡a¨ Zv‡ì Rb¨ wbw`©ó msL¨K we`¨vjq cwi`k©b K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv I civgk©
w`‡q _v‡Kb| mnKvix BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±i we`¨vjq cwi`k©b †k‡l cÖwZ‡e`b BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±‡ii
wbKU `vwLj K‡ib| BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±i wb‡Ri cwi`k©bK…Z we`¨vjq cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b Ges mnKvix
BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±‡ii `vwLjK…Z cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb K‡i wcwUAvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U eivei †cÖiY K‡ib|
mnKvix BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±iKZ©„K cwi`k©‡bi aib I †K․kj

 cwi`k©b‡K GKwU k³ KvVv‡gv‡Z Avbvi D‡Ï‡k¨ eQ‡ii ïiæ‡Z BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±i Ges mnKvix
BÝUªv±i GK‡Î e‡m evwl©K cwi`k©b cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡eb;
 GKRb mnKvix BÝUªv±i we`¨vjq¸‡jv Ae¯ vb I msL¨v‡f‡` 2-3 gv‡mi g‡a¨ GKevi cwi`k©b Ki‡eb;
 mnKvix BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±iMY wbR wbR evwl©K cwi`k©b cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡i BDAviwm/wUAviwm
BÝUªv±i KZ©„K Aby‡gv`b MÖnY Ki‡eb|
 GKwU we`¨vjq cwi`k©‡bi Rb¨ GKRb cÖavb wkÿK‡K mn‡hvMx wn‡m‡e wb‡q mnKvix BDAviwm/wUAviwm
BÝUªv±i †Rvov MVb Ki‡eb| G‡ÿ‡Î GKB cÖavb wkÿK‡K evi evi †Rvov MV‡bi Rb¨ wbe©vPb Kiv hv‡ebv;
 Dc‡Rjv/_vbvi mKj we`¨j‡qi cÖavb wkÿK ch©vµ‡g cwi`k©K mn‡hvMx wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡eb;
 Zuviv cwi`wk©Ze¨ we`¨vjq cwi`k©‡bi GK mßvn Av‡M cwi`k©‡bi welq cÖavb wkÿK‡K AewnZ Ki‡eb, mKj
welq nvjbvMv` K‡i ivLvi civgk© †`‡eb Ges †cÖwiZ QK c~iY K‡i ivL‡Z ej‡eb|
 cwi`k©‡bi w`b cwi`k©K RywU GK‡Î we`¨vjq Kvh©µg ïiæi AšÍZc‡ÿ 15 wgwbU c~‡e© mswkøó we`¨vj‡q Mgb
Ki‡eb Ges Kvh©µg ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ Ae¯ vb Ki‡eb|
 Zuviv we`¨vj‡q wkÿK wkÿv_x©‡ì AvMgb, •`wbK mgv‡ek, RvZxq m½xZ cwi‡ekb, wkÿvg~jK †¯øvMvb cÖf…wZ
cy•Lvbycy•Liƒ‡c ch©‡eÿY Ki‡eb|
 Zuviv Awdm eë¯ vcbv (bw_, †iwR÷ªvi, K¬vm iæwUb BZ¨vw`) wbweofv‡e ch©‡eÿY Ki‡eb;
 Zuviv Kgc‡ÿ 2wU †kÖwYKvh©µg wbweofv‡e ch©‡eÿY Ki‡eb Ges wba©vwiZ Q‡K gšÍe¨ wjwce× Ki‡eb;
 cÖ_gZ, cÖavb wkÿK, mnKvix wkÿK, GmGgwm mfvcwZ/m`m¨, AwffveK mK‡ji m‡½ †m․Rb¨g~jK AvPiY Ki‡eb;
 cwi`k©bKv‡j we`¨vj‡qi KvRK‡g©i cÖwZ kÖ×v cÖ`k©b Ki‡eb Ges cwi`k©b hv‡Z we`¨vj‡qi ¯^vfvweK
KvRK‡g©e¨vNvZ bv NUvq †mw`‡K mZK© `„wó ivL‡eb; †Kv‡bvg‡ZB we`¨vjq KZ©„c‡ÿi cÖwZ AeÁv cÖ`k©b Kiv
hv‡e bv;
 cwi`k©KMY AvšÍwiK AvPiY Ki‡eb; Zuviv wbi‡cÿ I cÿcvZnxb n‡eb Ges mK‡ji m‡½ mgvb AvPiY Ki‡eb;
 wkÿK I wkÿv_x©‡ì Dcw¯ wZ ch©‡eÿY Ki‡eb;
 Zuviv we`¨j‡qi Avw½bvmn †kÖwYKÿ, AwdmKÿ, IqvUvi I †mwb‡Uk‡bi cwi”QbœZv Ny‡i Ny‡i ch©‡eÿY
Ki‡eb;
 wkÿv_x©‡ì †Wª‡mi Ae¯ v I cwi”QbœZv ch©‡eÿY Ki‡eb;
 •`wbK mgv‡ek ch©‡eÿY Ki‡eb;
 Zuviv cÖvß Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z mZZvi mv‡_ g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb Ges my¯úó, mswÿß Ges ev¯Íe cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb Ki‡eb;
 cÖ‡qvRbxq †ÿ‡Î †MvcbxqZv iÿv Ki‡eb|
 cwi`k©b Kvh©µg mgvß n‡j cwi`k©KMY cÖavb wkÿK, Ab¨vb¨ wkÿK Ges GmGgwm-Gi mfvcwZ I Ab¨vb¨
m`m¨‡ì m‡½ GKwU mswÿß mfvq wgwjZ n‡eb|
209
 D³ mfvq Zuviv †kÖwY Kvh©µg ch©‡eÿY Ges we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbv msµvšÍ wel‡q mnKvix wkÿK I cÖavb
wkÿK‡K Ges GmGgwm-†K †g․wLK djveZ©b cÖ`vb Ki‡eb, ciewZ©‡Z wjwLZ cÖwZ‡e`‡b Zv mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡e;
 wKQz wKQz wel‡qi Ae¯ v I cwiw¯ wZ we‡ePbv K‡i ZvrÿwYK mgvavb w`‡eb;
 cwi`k©‡bi GK mßv‡ni g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡e`b P~ovšÍ K‡i cÖavb wkÿK, Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi Ges †Rjv
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi‡K Abywjwc †cÖiY Ki‡eb|
 cwi`k©b h_vh_ bv n‡j Ges h_vmg‡q cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b M„nxZ bv n‡j mswkøó cwi`k©bKvix Kg©KZ©vi weiæ‡×
wefvMxq eë¯ v MÖnY Kiv hv‡e|
 cÖavb wkÿK cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Ici AwaK ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Ki‡eb Ges Zv h_vh_fv‡e msiÿY Ki‡eb;
cieZx©‡Z †h †Kv‡bv EaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©v KZ©„K cwi`k©bKv‡j wZwb c~‡e©i cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b Dc¯ vcb Ki‡eb|
 cwi`wk©Z we`¨vjqwU cieZx© 2 gv‡mi g‡a¨ d‡jvAvc cwi`k©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±i KZ©„K cwi`k©‡bi aib I †K․kj

 GKRb BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±i GKwU hyw³m½Z mg‡qi g‡a¨ Dc‡Rjv/_vbvaxb cÖwZwU we`¨vjq cwi`k©b
Ki‡eb;
 BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±iMY cwi`k©b mn‡hvMx wn‡m‡e mnKvix BÝUªv±i, mswkøó K¬v÷v‡ii mnKvix
Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi A_ev GKRb cÖavb wkÿK‡K g‡bvbxZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 cÖ_g ch©v‡qi cwi`k©bKvix Kg©KZ©v‡ì (mnKvix BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±i) b¨vq Zuv‡ìI evwl©K cwi`k©b
cwiKíbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
 BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±iMY wbR wbR evwl©K cwi`k©b cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡i wcwUAvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U KZ©„K
Aby‡gv`b MÖnY Ki‡eb Ges Aby‡gvw`Z evwl©K cwi`k©b cwiKíbvi Kwc mswkøó wcwUAvB Ges wefvMxq cÖv_wgK
wkÿv Awd‡m †cÖiY Ki‡eb|
 G ch©v‡qi cwi`k©‡bi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡e cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi cwi`k©bKvix Kg©KZ©v KZ©„K cwi`wk©Z we`¨vj‡qi
cwi`k©‡bi gvb wbi~cY|
 Zuviv cwi`wk©Ze¨ we`¨vjqwU cÖv_wgK chv©‡qi cwi`k©bKvix Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi cwi`k©b cwiKíbv Abyhvqx cwi`k©b
Kiv n‡q‡Q wKbv hvPvB Ki‡eb| hw` we`¨vjqwU BZtc~‡e© cwi`k©b Kiv n‡q _v‡K Z‡e cwi`k©b wi‡cv‡U© ewY©Z
wb‡`©kbvmg~n ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡q‡Q wKbv cwiexÿY Ki‡eb|
 AvKw¯§K cwi`k©‡bi †ÿ‡Î RywU MV‡bi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| Zuviv †h †Kv‡bv w`b cÖgvY Abyhvqx G cwi`k©b Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb| cwi`k©‡bi cÖwZ‡ÿ‡ÎB Zuv‡ì wba©vwiZ Q‡K cÖwZ‡e`b †cÖiY Ki‡Z n‡e|
d‡jvAvc cwi`k©b Ki‡eb|
 d‡jvAvc cwi`k©b †NvwlZ ev AvKw¯§K DfqB n‡Z cv‡i|
 cwi`k©‡bi GK mßv‡ni g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡e`b P~ovšÍ K‡i cÖavb wkÿK Ges †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi‡K Abywjwc
†cÖiY Ki‡eb|
 BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±iMY mnKvix BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±iM‡Yi cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb K‡i wcwUAvB
mycvwib‡U‡W›U eive‡i †cÖiY K‡ib|
cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv I d‡jvAv‡ci civgk© cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
210
10.3 : wcwUAvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U KZ…K
© BDAviwm/wUAviwm I cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq
cwi`k©b Ges BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±iM‡Yi cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b
g~j¨vqb
cÖv_wgK wkÿv eë¯ vi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vwqZ¡ we‡kl K‡i cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb I eë¯ vcbvi ¸iæ `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib wcwUAvB
mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U| wZwb GKvav‡i cÖvwZôvwbK eë¯ vcbv, cÖkvmwbK `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨, †hvMv‡hvM, gwbUwis I cwi`k©b
BZ¨vw` `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i _v‡Kb| wcwUAvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U cÖwZ gv‡m 1wU BDAviwm/wUAviwm Awdm I 1wU miKvwi
cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cwi`k©b K‡ib Ges BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±iM‡Yi gvwmK we`¨vjq cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb K‡i
EaŸ©Zb KZ…©cÿ eivei †cÖiY K‡ib|
wcwUAvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U KZ©„K cwi`k©‡bi aib I †K․kj

 wcwUAvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U GKwU hyw³m½Z mg‡qi g‡a¨ Zuvi †Rjvaxb cÖwZwU Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wi‡mvm© †m›Uvi
cwi`k©b K‡ib;(BDAviwm/wUAviwm cwi`k©b QK c‡i †Ìqv Av‡Q)
 wcwUAvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W›UMY cwi`k©b mn‡hvMx wn‡m‡e mnKvix BÝUªv±i, mswkøó K¬v÷v‡ii mnKvix
Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi‡K g‡bvbxZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e G‡ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv evaëvaKZv †bB|
 wcwUAvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U mswkøó †Rjvi BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±iM‡Yi evwl©K cwi`k©b cwiKíbv Aby‡gv`b
K‡ib|
 G ch©v‡qi cwi`k©‡bi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡e cÖv_wgK I wØZxq ch©v‡qi cwi`k©bKvix Kg©KZ©v KZ©„K cwi`wk©Z
we`¨vj‡qi cwi`k©‡bi gvb wbi~cY|
 Zuvi cwi`wk©Ze¨ we`¨vjqwU cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi cwi`k©bKvix Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi cwi`k©b cwiKíbv Abyhvqx cwi`k©b
Kiv n‡q‡Q wKbv hvPvB K‡ib| hw` we`¨vjqwU BZtc~‡e© cwi`k©b Kiv n‡q _v‡K Z‡e cwi`k©b wi‡cv‡U© ewY©Z
wb‡`©kbvmg~n ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡q‡Q wKbv cwiexÿY K‡ib|
 Zuvi †h †Kv‡bv w`b cÖgvc Abyhvqx G cwi`k©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| cwi`k©‡bi GK mßv‡ni g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡e`b P~ovšÍ
K‡i cÖwZôvb †f‡` cÖavb wkÿK, Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi, mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi,
BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±i Ges wefvMxq DccwiPvj‡Ki wbKU cÖwZ‡e`b †cÖiY K‡ib|
d‡jvAvc cwi`k©b K‡ib|
 d‡jvAvc cwi`k©‡bi mgq c~‡e©i wb‡`©kbv h_vh_fv‡e cÖwZcvwjZ bv n‡j mswkøó cÖavb wkÿK/ mnKvix
wkÿ‡Ki weiæ‡× wefvMxq eë¯ v MÖnY K‡ib Ges Kg©KZ©v/Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi weiæ‡× wefvMxq eë¯ v MÖn‡Yi Rb¨
EaŸ©Zb KZ©„c‡ÿi wbKU mycvwik K‡ib|

 wcwUAvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W›UMY BDAviwm/wUAviwm BÝUªv±iM‡Yi cÖwZ‡e`b wba©vwiZ Q‡K g~j¨vqb K‡i
wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvjK eivei †cÖiY K‡ib|
 cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv I d‡jvAv‡ci civgk© cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
211
BDAviwm/wUAviwm cwi`k‡©bi bgybv QKwU wb¤œiƒc:
gvm I eQi : 20

†mKkb 2, wgicyi, XvKv-1216
BDAviwm cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b
(cÖ‡hvR¨ mKj †ÿ‡Î Z_¨ hvPvB-evQvBc~e©K c~iY Kiæb)
mvaviY Z_¨ :
1. BDAviwmi bvg : Dc‡Rjv/_vbv :†Rjv :
2. cwi`k©bKvixi bvg : cèx : cwi`k©‡bi ZvwiL :
3. K. Bb÷ªv±i Gi bvg :
L. eZ©gvb Kg©¯‡  j †hvM`v‡bi ZvwiL : †gvevBj b¤î :
4. K. Awdm Kÿ I cÖwkÿY K‡ÿi mvRv‡bv-†MvQv‡bv I cwi®‥vi-cwi”QbœZv
AwZ
PjwZ gv‡bi b‡n
DËg DËg ga¨g
L. Awdm fe‡b KÿmsL¨v:

M. fe‡bi Ae¯ v m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`b:
5. gwbUwis †evW© nvjbvMv` wK ? nu¨v/bv
6. Rbej, ¯‥zj I wkÿK msµvšÍ Z_¨:
BDAviwm/wUAviwm Rbej ¯‥zj I wkÿK msµvšÍ Z_¨
Bb÷ªv±i mnKvix WvUv Gw›Uª •bk cÖnix/ miKvwi Ab¨vb¨ cÖavb wkÿK mnKvix wkÿK †gvU wkÿK
Bb÷ªv±i Acv‡iUi GgGjGmGm cÖv_wgK cÖv_wgK †gvU
Aby: Kg©iZ Aby: Kg©iZ Aby: Kg©iZ Aby: Kg©iZ we`¨vjq we`¨vjq Aby: Kg©iZ Aby: Kg©iZ Aby: Kg©iZ
cÖkvmb msµvšÍ Z_¨ :

7. wmwU‡Rb PvU©vi mvavi‡Yi `k©b‡hvM¨ ¯ v‡b cÖ`wk©Z wK ? nu¨v/bv
8. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi gvb Dbœq‡b BDAviwm/wUAviwm wfwËK Kg©cwiKíbv Av‡Q wK bv ? nu¨v/bv
9. K. nvwRiv †iwR÷vi wbqwgZ eëüZ nq wK ? nu¨v/bv
L. wm Gj †iwR÷ªvi nvjbvMv` wK ? nu¨v/bv
M. dvBj Bb‡W· Av‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
N. cÖvß wPwVcÎ h_vh_fv‡e Gw›Uªc~e©K W‡KU b¤î †`qv nq wK ? nu¨v/bv
O. MvW© dvBj eëüZ nq wK ? nu¨v/bv
212
A_© msµvšÍ Z_¨ :
10. K. K¨vk eB (ivR¯^) h_vh_ I nvjwdj Av‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
L. K¨vk eB (Dbœqb) h_vh_ I nvjwdj Av‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
M. ¯ vqx gvjvgv‡ji †iwR÷ªvi nvjbvMv` wK ? nu¨v/bv
N. †÷kbvix †iwR÷ªvi nvjbvMv` wK ? nu¨v/bv
O. mvwf©m ÷¨v¤ú †iwR÷ªvi nvjbvMv` wK ? nu¨v/bv
11. K. bw_ Aby‡gv`bµ‡g wewfbœ Znwe‡ji A_© e¨q Kiv nq wK? nu¨v/bv
L. e¨wqZ A‡_©i SOE h_vmg‡q †cÖiY Kiv n‡q‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
M. AwMÖg D‡ËvwjZ A_© h_vmg‡q mgš^q Kiv n‡q‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
N. e¨wqZ A‡_©i wej fvDPvi h_vh_fv‡e msiÿY Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
O. wnmveiÿY Awdm I e¨vsK wnmv‡ei mv‡_ Li‡Pi wbqwgZ Reconciliation Kiv nq wK ? nu¨v/bv
12. K. AwWU AvcwË Awb®úbœ Av‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
L. DËi nu¨v n‡j FAPAD.......wU, wmwfj.........wU, †jvKvj:........wU........... †gvU UvKvi cwigvY :.............
M. AwWU AvcwËi eªWmxU Reve †`qv n†q‡Q wK ?
N. DËi nu¨v n‡j msL¨v :
13. cwi`k©b eQ‡i ev‡RU eivÏ cÖvwßi †ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv mgm¨v _vK‡j mswÿß eY©bv w`b :
cÖwkÿY msµvšÍ Z_¨ :
14. cwi`k©b Zvwi‡Li c~e©eZ©x A_©eQ‡i cÖ`Ë cÖwkÿY msµvšÍ Z_¨ :
cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb e¨wqZ DØ„Ë jÿ¨gvÎv
cÖvß
µwgK jÿ¨gvÎv AR©b A‡_©i AwR©Z bv
cÖwkÿ‡Yi bvg A‡_©i Drm A‡_©i
bs cwigvY nIqvi
cwigvY
KviY
1
2
3
4
5
me©‡gvU
15. Bb÷ªv±i cÖwkÿY cÖwZ‡e`b mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U, wWwcBI I BDBI Gi wbKU †cÖiY K‡ib wK ? nu¨v/bv
cwi`k©b msµvšÍ Z_¨ :

16. K. evwl©K cwi`k©b cwiKíbv Av‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
L. evwl©K cwi`k©b cwiKíbv AbymiY Kiv nq wK? nu¨v/bv
M. Follow up cwi`k©b nq wK? nu¨v/bv
N. Bb÷ªv±i jÿ¨gvÎv Abyqvqx we`¨vjq cwi`k©b K‡ib wK? nu¨v/bv
O. Bb÷ªv±i jÿ¨gvÎv Abyqvqx mveK¬v÷vi cÖwkÿY cwi`k©b K‡ib wK? nu¨v/bv
P. †kªwYK‡ÿ wm-Bb-GW/wWwcGW cÖwkÿ‡Yi ev¯Íevqb m¤ú‡K© Bb÷ªv±i Gi gšÍe¨ :
P. BDAviwm †_‡K cÖvß cÖwkÿY jä Ávb wkÿKMY †kªwY‡Z cvV`v‡bi mg‡q eënvi msµvšÍ wel‡q Bb÷ªv±i Gi gšÍe¨ :
213
17. K. mnKvix Bb÷ªv±i jÿ¨gvÎv Abyqvqx we`¨vjq cwi`k©b K‡ib wK ? nu¨v/bv
L. mnKvix Bb÷ªv±i jÿ¨gvÎv Abyqvqx mveK¬v÷vi cÖwkÿY cwi`k©b K‡ib wK ? nu¨v/bv
M. Bb÷ªv±i, mnKvix Bb÷ªv±i Gi cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqbc~e©K cÖ‡qvRbxq Kvh©µg MÖnY K‡ib wK ? nu¨v/bv
wewea welq msµvšÍ Z_¨ :

18. K. cwi`k©b cieZ©x wkÿK‡ì cv‡Vi gvb Dbœq‡b mywbw`©ó †Kv‡bv civgk© †`qv n‡q‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
L. DËi nu¨v n‡j mswÿß eY©bv w`b :
19. Bb÷ªv±i I mnKvix Bb÷ªv±i KZ…K © we`¨vjq cwi`k©‡bi c~e©eZ©x GK gv‡mi PviwU (•ØePq‡bi gva¨‡g) cÖwZ‡e`b
g~j¨vqbc~e©K gšÍe¨ Kiæb :
20 K. me©‡kl cwi`k©bKvix Kg©KZ©vi bvg : cèx : cwi`k©‡bi ZvwiL :
L. c~e©eZ©x cwi`k©‡b DwjøwLZ we‡kl we‡kl Awbq‡gi (hw` _v‡K) mswÿß weeiY :
M. c~ee© Z©x cwi`k©‡b DwjøwLZ wb‡`©kvewji g‡a¨ †h¸‡jv cvwjZ nqwb Zvi µwgK b¤î Ges cÖwZcvwjZ bv nIqvi KviY :
wewea welqK Z_¨ :

21. cwi`k©b eQ‡i BDAviwm/wUAviwm mswkøó cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q wkÿv_x© fwZ© Ges cwi`k©b Zvwi‡L Dcw¯ Z wkÿv_x© :
†kÖwY cwi`k©b eQ‡i fwZ© cwi`k©b Zvwi‡L †kÖwY‡Z Dcw¯’Z
mvaviY we‡kl mvaviY we‡kl Pvwn`vm¤úbœ Dcw¯ wZi nvi
Pvwn`vm¤úbœ (%)
evwjKv †gvU evwjKv †gvU evwjKv †gvU evwjKv †gvU
cÖvK-
cÖv_wgK
cÖ_g
wØZxq
Z…Zxq
PZz_©
cÂg
me© †gvU
22. cwi`k©b eQ‡ii c~e©eZx© eQ‡i BDAviwm/wUAviwm mswkøó cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvcbx cixÿvi
djvdj :
fwZ©K…Z wWAvifz³ AskMÖnYKvix K…ZKvh© AK…ZKvh© cv‡ki e„wË cÖvß msL¨v
wRwcG 5 wRwcG wRwcG wRwcG nvi U¨v‡j›Ucyj mvaviY
4<5 3<4 1<3
214
23. Bb÷ªv±i KZ…©K g‡Wj ¯‥z‡ji/Awdm K¨v¤úv‡m Aew¯ Z cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi Dbœq‡b Kx Kx c`‡ÿc wb‡q‡Qb Zvi weeiY :
24. BDAviwm‡Z welqwfwËK DcKi‡Yi ZvwjKv Av‡Q wK bv ? nu¨v/bv
25 K. Dc‡Rjvi cÖv_wgK wkÿvi gv‡bvbœq‡b Bb÷ªv±i Gi we‡kl †Kv‡bv Ae`vb Av‡Q wK bv ? nu¨v/bv
L. DËi n¨vu n‡j mswÿß eY©bv w`b :
26. Dc‡Rjv wkÿv KwgwUi mfv wbqwgZ AbywôZ nq wK? (Kvh©weeiYx †`‡L gšÍe¨ Kiæb)
27. cwi`k©‡Ki g‡Z gvbm¤§Z cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨ AR©‡b Bb÷ªv±i Gi cvi`wk©Zv:
AwZ DËg DËg ga¨g PjwZ gv‡bi PjwZ gv‡bi b‡n
(Dchy³ N‡i Aby¯v^ ÿi Kiæb)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
cwi`k©bKvixi ¯^vÿi
ZvwiL I mxj :
¯§viK bs : ZvwiL :
m`q AeMwZ/AeMwZ I Kvh©v‡_© Abywjwc †cÖiY Kiv n‡jv :
2. gnvcwiPvjK, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Avwa`ßi, †mKkb 2, wgicyi, XvKv- 1216
3. DccwiPvjK, wefvMxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kvh©vjq, XvKv/ivRkvnx/PÆMÖvg/Lyjbv/ewikvj/wm‡jU/iscyi/gqgbwmsn wefvM|
4. mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U, .......................wcwUAvB, Dc‡Rjv/_vbv ............................ †Rjv-......................|
5. Bb÷ªv±i, Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wi‡mvm© †m›Uvi, Dc‡Rjv/_vbv-..................., †Rjv- .....................|
6. msiÿY Kwc|
ZvwiL I mxj :
DcwiwjøwLZ cwi`k©b QK Abyhvqx wZwb Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wi‡mvm© †m›Uv‡i Mgb K‡i m‡iRwg‡b cÖwZôvbwU cwi`k©bc~e©K
cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b 7w`‡bi g‡a¨ mswkøó Awdm Ges wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvj‡Ki eivei †cÖiY Ki‡eb| GQvovI wZwb wbR
cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©KZ©v‡ì Ges †Rjvi mKj Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wi‡mvm© †m›Uv‡ii Kg©iZ BÝUªv±iM‡Yi we`¨vjq cwi`k©b
cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb K‡i wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvj‡Ki Kvh©vj‡q †cÖiY Ki‡eb|
215
10.4 : †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi KZ©„K Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdm I
cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cwi`k©b Ges Dc‡Rjv wkÿv AwdmviM‡Yi cwi`k©b
cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb|
GKRb EaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©vi cwi`k©‡bi d‡j Zuvi Aat¯Íb Awd‡m Kg©iZ Kg©KZ©v/Kg©PvwiMY †`vl ÎæwU ms‡kva‡bi my‡hvM
cvq Ges DËg Kv‡RiI ¯^xK…wZ cvq| G †cÖwÿ‡Z cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq, _vbv/Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdm Gi Kvh©µ‡gi myôz
eë¯ vcbv, `ÿ cÖkvmb I mwVK cwiPvjbv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi cwiKwíZ I Kvh©Kixfv‡e
eQ‡ii wbw`©ó msL¨vq cwi`k©b K‡i _v‡Kb| G cwi`k©‡bi we‡kl jÿ¨ n‡”QÑ cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq, _vbv/Dc‡Rjv wkÿv
Awd‡mi Kg©iZ mKj Kg©KZ©v/Kg©PvwiMY Ges wkÿK wkwÿKvi g‡a¨ Kg©‡cÖiYv m„wó Kiv, `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨‡eva RvMÖZ
Kiv Ges †ckvMZ `ÿZv AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv| G jÿ¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡LB †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi wba©vwiZ di&‡g
cÖgvc Abyhvqx cwi`k©b K‡i _v‡Kb Ges wefvMxq Dc cwiPvj‡Ki wbKU cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b †cÖiY K‡i _v‡Kb|
 †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi KZ©„K cwi`k©‡bi aib I †K․kj
†Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi mvaviYZ cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq I Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmmg~‡n wZb ai‡bi cwi`k©b K‡i
_v‡Kb| †hgb :-
K. AvbyôvwbK/ †NvwlZ cwi`k©b
 GKRb †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi cÖgvc Abyhvqx cÖwZgv‡m wba©vwiZ Q‡K AvbyôvwbKfv‡e 2wU Dc‡Rjv/_vbv
wkÿv Awdm Ges 3wU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cwi`k©b K‡ib| (cwi`k©K QK c‡i †Ìqv Av‡Q)
 †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv AwdmviMY cÖ_g av‡c ewY©Z cwi`k©bKvix Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi b¨vq GKB cÖwµqv AbymiY c~e©K
wba©vwiZ Q‡K cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq I Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdm cwi`k©b K‡ib|
 GKRb †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi GKwU hyw³m½Z mg‡qi g‡a¨ Zuvi †Rjvaxb cÖwZwU Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdm
Ges cÖwZwU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cwi`k©b K‡ib|
 †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi cwi`k©b mn‡hvMx wn‡m‡e mswkøó K¬v÷v‡ii mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi †K
g‡bvbxZ K‡ib| G‡ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv evaëvaKZv †bB|
 †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi mswkøó †Rjvi Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv AwdmviM‡Yi evwl©K cwi`k©b cwiKíbv Aby‡gv`b K‡ib|
 G ch©v‡qi cwi`k©‡bi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡”QÑ cÖv_wgK I wØZxq ch©v‡qi cwi`k©b Kg©KZ©v KZ©„K cwi`wk©Z we`¨vj‡qi
cwi`k©‡bi gvb wbiƒcb|
 †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi cwi`wk©Ze¨ we`¨vjqwU cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi cwi`k©bKvix Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi cwi`k©b
cwiKíbv Abyhvqx cwi`k©b Kiv n‡q‡Q wKbv Zv hvPvB K‡ib| hw` we`¨vjqwU BZtc~‡e© cwi`k©b Kiv n‡q _v‡K Z‡e
cwi`k©b wi‡cv‡U© ewY©Z wb‡`©kbvmg~n ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡q‡Q wKbv cwiexÿY K‡ib|
 †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi cÖgvc Abyhvqx †h †Kv‡bv w`b G cwi`k©b K‡ib| cwi`k©‡bi GK mßv‡ni g‡a¨
cÖwZ‡e`b P~ovšÍ K‡i cÖwZôvb †f‡` cÖavb wkÿK mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi, Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi Ges
wefvMxq Dc- cwiPvj‡Ki wbKU cÖwZ‡e`b †cÖiY K‡ib|
 d‡jvAvc cwi`k©‡bi †ÿ‡Î †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi †h mKj we`¨vjq †NvwlZ cwi`k©b K‡ib †m we`¨vjqmg~n
d‡jvAvc cwi`k©b K‡i _v‡Kb|
 d‡jvAvc cwi`k©‡bi mgq c~‡e©i wb‡`©kbv h_vh_ fv‡e cÖwZcvwjZ bv n‡j mswkøó cÖavb wkÿK/mnKvix wkÿ‡Ki
weiæ‡× wefvMxq eë¯ v MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ EaŸ©Zb KZ…c © ‡ÿi wbKU mycvwik K‡ib|
 d‡jvAvc cwi`k©b †NvwlZ ev AvKw¯§K Dfq n‡Z cv‡i|
216
 cwi`k©b gwbUwis
cwi`k©b Kg©KZ©vi myôz gwbUwis wbwðZ Kiv Riæwi| gwbUwis Gi D‡Ïk¨ wb¤œiƒc-
 Kg©KZ©vMY wbw`©ó cÖgvc Abyhvqx cwi`k©b Ki‡Qb wKbv;
 cwi`k©bKvix Kg©KZ©vMY wi‡cvU© `vwLj Ki‡Qb wKbv;
 `vwLjK…Z wi‡cv‡U©i Dci Abymibxq Kvh©µg MÖnY Kiv n‡”Q wKbv;
 D³iƒc Kvh©µg MÖnY wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ AbymiYxq cwi`k©b m¤úbœ Kiv n‡”Q wKbv;
 `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b MvwdjwZ i‡q‡Q Giƒc Kg©KZ©vMY‡K wPwýZ Kiv|
 cwi`k©b gšÍ‡eï Dci h_vh_ Kvh©µg MÖn‡Y e¨_© cÖwZôvb/e¨w³‡K wPwýZ Kiv BZ¨vw`|
†Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv AwdmviMY Zuv‡ì Aaxb¯’ Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi cwi`k©b Kvh©µg cwiexÿY K‡ib| djcÖmf ~ v‡e cwi`k©b
Kvh©µg Kiv bv n‡j wPwýZ cwi`k©bKvix Kg©KZ©vi weiæ‡× wefvMxq eë¯’v MÖnY K‡ib ev MÖn‡Yi mycvwik K‡ib|
 cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb

 †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv AwdmviMY Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv AwdmviM‡Yi cÖwZ‡e`b wba©vwiZ Q‡K g~j¨vqb K‡i
wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvjK eivei †cÖiY K‡ib|
 cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv I d‡jvAv‡ci civgk© cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
D‡jøL¨, cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq Gi cwi`k©b d‡gi© bgybv mve-BDwbU 10.2 G †Ìqv n‡q‡Q Ges _vbv/Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdm
cwi`k©b d‡g©i bgybv wb‡gœ †Ìqv n‡jv:
cwi`k©b d‡gi© bgybv

gvm I eQi : 20
Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdm cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b

(cÖ‡hvR¨ mKj †ÿ‡Î Z_¨ hvPvB-evQvBc~e©K c~iY Kiyb)
mvaviY Z_¨ :
1. Dc‡Rjv/_vbv :†Rjv:
2. cwi`k©bKvix Kg©KZ©vi bvg : cèx : cwi`k©‡bi ZvwiL :
3. K. Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Kg©KZ©vi bvg : †gvevBj bs-
L. eZ©gvb Kg©¯‡  j †hvM`v‡bi ZvwiL:
4. K. Awdm feb wbR¯^ wK? nu¨v/bvKÿmsL¨v: ...... wU Awdm Kÿmg~n cwi®‥vi-cwi”Qbœ wK? nu¨v/bv
5. L. GBDBI-Gi c`msL¨v: ....... wU Kg©iZ: .... Rb Kg©Pvwii c`msL¨v: ..... wU Kg©iZ: .....Rb
M. gwbUwis †evW© nvjbvMv` wK ? nu¨v/bv
217
7. K. e`wji bxwZgvjv mwVKfv‡e ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡”Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
L. GZ`msµvšÍ †iKW©cÎ mwVKfv‡e msiÿY Kiv n‡”Q wK? nu¨v/bv
8. K. 60 (lvU) w`‡bi AwaK Abycw¯ Z wkÿ‡Ki msL¨v ....... wU
L. Zv‡ì weiy‡× (hw` _v‡K) M„wnZ eë¯ vi weeiY :
9. wkÿKM‡Yi wewfbœ Av‡e`bcÎ MÖnY †iwR÷v‡i Gw›Uªc~e©K W‡KU b¤î †`qv nq Kx ? nu¨v/bv (huvPvB cye©K gšÍe¨ Kiæb)
10. wkÿKM‡Yi wewfbœ Av‡e`b wba©vwiZ mg‡q wb®úwËi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯ v †bqv nq wK ? nu¨v/bv
11. K. wkÿK‡ì Bbwµ‡g›U h_vmg‡q cÖ`vb Kiv n‡”Q Kx ? (huvPvB K‡i gšÍe¨ Kiæb) nu¨v/bv
12. cwi`k©b eQ‡i PRL-G hv‡eb Ggb wkÿK‡ì ZvwjKv nvjbvMv` Av‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
13. K. Av‡e`b cieZ©x 15 Kvh©wè‡mi AwaK Awb®úbœ †cbkb Av‡e`b Av‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
L. DËi nu¨v n‡j KZwU Ges KviY ?
14 K. nvwRiv †iwR÷vi h_vh_fv‡e eëüZ nq wK ? nu¨v/bv
L. wmGj †iwR÷vi nvjbvMv` wK ? nu¨v/bv
M. MvW© dvBj eëüZ nq wK ? nu¨v/bv
N. wkÿK‡ì kÖvwšÍ we‡bv`b fvZv †iwR÷vi h_vh_fv‡e msiÿY Kiv nq wK ? nu¨v/bv
P. be wbhy³ wkÿK‡ì g‡a¨ KZR‡bi cywjk †fwiwd‡Kkb m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
†gvU: Rb m¤úbœK…Z: Rb
15. K. wkÿK‡ì †MÖ‡Wkb ZvwjKv nvjbvMv` Av‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
L. wkÿKM‡Yi UvBg‡¯‥j/c‡`vbœwZ cÖ`v‡bi wel‡q wWwcwmÕi mfv nIqvi KZ w`‡bi g‡a¨ Aby‡gv`‡bi Rb¨
wWwcBI Awd‡m †cÖiY Kiv nq Ges wWwcBI Awdm †_‡K KZw`‡bi g‡a¨ Aby‡gv`b †Ìqv nq (huvPvBc~e©K
gšÍe¨ Kiæb) :
16. K. cvV¨ eB‡qi Pvwn`v, cÖvwß I weZiY bxwZgvjv Abyhvqx n‡q‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
L. eB weZiY †iwR÷vi/md&U A‡qi Gw›Uª Av‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
17.K. PvKzwi eB msµvšÍ Z_¨ (bgybv wn‡m‡e K‡qKwU eB cixÿv K‡i †`L‡Z n‡e) :
cÖavb wkÿKmn †gvU †gvU PvKzwi nvjwdj mvwf©m Dc‡Rjv wnmve iÿY Awdm KZ¸‡jv mvwf©m eB †cbkb/ PRL
wkÿK/ Kg©Pvix msL¨v eB‡qi msL¨v eB‡qi msL¨v KZ©„K
© hvPvBK…Z eB‡qi msL¨v msµvšÍ wel‡q we‡ePbvaxb
wkÿK I wkwÿKv
Kg©Pvix
L.Avw_©K I cÖkvmwbK Av‡`k mvwf©m ewn‡Z wjwce× Av‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
M. Wzwcø‡KU mvwf©m ewn cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
Avw_©K welq msµvšÍ Z_¨ :
18| K. K¨vk eB (ivR¯^) h_vh_ I nvjwdj Av‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
L. K¨vk eB (Dbœqb) h_vh_ I nvjwdj Av‡Q Kx? nu¨v/bv
M. Dce„wËi †iwR÷vi nvjbvMv` Av‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
N. ¯ vqx m¤úwË †iwR÷vi nvjbvMv` wK ? nu¨v/bv
O. †÷kbvwi †iwR÷vi nvjbvMv` wK? nu¨v/bv
P. e¨wqZ A‡_©i SOE h_vmg‡q †cÖiY Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
Q. bw_ Aby‡gv`bµ‡g wewfbœ Znwe‡ji A_© e¨q Kiv nq wK? nu¨v/bv
R. wewfbœ Li‡Pi wnmve e¨vsK I GwR Awd‡mi mv‡_ Reconciliation Kiv nq wK? nu¨v/bv
S. we`¨vj‡qi Rb¨ QvoK…Z (SLIP I Avbylw½K) A_© bxwZgvjv Abyhvqx ¯ vbvšÍwiZ n‡q‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
218
19. K. AwWU AvcwË Awb®úbœ Av‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
DËi nu¨v n‡j wcBwWwc- 3 ....wU, ivR¯^/wmwfj .....wU FAPAD .... wU Third Party .... wU.
†gvU UvKvi cwigvY :......
L. AwWU AvcwËi eªWmxU Rev‡ei msL¨v:
M. AwWU AvcwË wb®úwËi msL¨v :
N. AwWU AvcwË †iwR÷vi nvjwdj Av‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv

20. we`¨vj‡qi †MÖW Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ c`‡ÿc †bIqv n‡q‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
21. we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK I Ab¨vb¨ Kg©Pvix‡ì Z_¨ msiÿY †iwR÷vi c„_Kfv‡e nvjbvMv` wK? nu¨v/bv
22. K. weMZ 3 (wZb) gv‡mi cwi`k©b msµvšÍ Z_¨ :
Ab¨vb¨
miKvwi cÖv_wgK cÖv_wgK
bs Kg©KZ©vi bvg cèx †gvU
we`¨vjq we`¨vjq
1 Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv
Kg©KZ©v
2 mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv
wkÿv Kg©KZ©v
3
4
cÖ‡qvR‡b Avjv`v KvMR eënvi Kiæb|
L. cwi`k©b `c©b Av‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
M. cwi`k©b eQ‡ii c~e©eZ©x eQi cwi`k©b Z‡_ï Dci wfwË K‡i UEO KZ©„K M„nxZ we‡kl eë¯ v msµvšÍ Z_¨ :
bs e¨w³i bvg I wVKvbv M„nxZ eë¯ vi weeiY
1
2
N. AUEO-M‡Yi cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b UEO g~j¨vqbc~e©K cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯ v MÖnY K‡ib wK? nu¨v/bv
DËi nu¨v n‡j M„nxZ eë¯ v m¤ú‡K© hvPvBc~e©K gšÍe¨ Kiæb :
O. MZ 6 (Qq) gv‡mi g‡a¨ Acwi`wk©Z we`¨vjq Av‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
DËi n¨vu n‡j msL¨v I KviY :
23. cwi`k©b Zvwi‡Li c~e©eZ©x gv‡mi †h †Kv‡bv 1 Rb Kg©KZ©vi (UEO/AUEO) 3wU we`¨vjq cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b
•ØePq‡bi gva¨‡g msMÖn I g~j¨vqbc~e©K gšÍe¨ Kiyb :
24. K. MZ •Îgvwm‡K UEOÕi wbKU `vwLjK…Z •ÎgvwmK we`¨vjq cvidi‡gÝ cÖwZ‡e`b msL¨v :
miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq :....................wU
Ab¨vb¨ cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq :..................wU
L. D³ cÖwZ‡e`b UEO I AUEO KZ©„K g~j¨vqbc~e©K cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯ v †bIqv n‡q‡Q wK bv? nu¨v/bv
25. K. me©‡kl cwi`k©bKvix Kg©KZ©vi bvg : cèx : cwi`k©b ZvwiL :
M. c~e©eZ©x cwi`k©‡b DwjøwLZ wb‡`©kvejxi g‡a¨ †h¸‡jv cvwjZ nqwb Zvi µwgK b¤î I cvwjZ bv nIqvi KviY:
219
Dbœqb msµvšÍ Z_¨ :
26. we`¨vj‡qi Dbœqb Kv‡Ri weeiY :
cybwbg©vb ms¯‥vi/ †givgZ AvmevecÎ mieivn Ab¨vb¨
27. K. Dc‡Rjv/_vbvi cÖv_wgK wkÿvi gv‡bvbœq‡b Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii we‡kl †Kv‡bv Ae`vb Av‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
L. DËi nu¨v n‡j mswÿß eY©bv w`b :
28. K. Dc‡Rjv wkÿv KwgwUi mfv wbqwgZ AbywôZ nq wK? (Kvh©weeiYx †`‡L gšÍe¨ Kiæb) nu¨v/bv
L. M„nxZ wm×všÍ ev¯Íevqb nq wK? nu¨v/bv
Dc‡Rjvq wkÿv_©x fwZ©i nvi (%) Dc‡Rjvq wkÿv_©x S‡i covi nvi (%)
Dc‡Rjvq wkÿv_©x Dcw¯ wZi nvi (%) Dc‡Rjvq mgvcbx cixÿvq cv‡ki nvi (%)
29.cwi`k©bKvixi g‡Z gvbm¤§Z cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨ AR©‡b UEO Gi cvi`wk©Zv:
AwZ DËg DËg ga¨g PjwZ gv‡bi PjwZ gv‡bi wb‡P
30.cwi`k©bKvix g‡ZDc‡Rjv wkÿv Awd‡mi gvb :

AwZ DËg DËg ga¨g PjwZ gv‡bi PjwZ gv‡bi b‡n
(29 I 30 bs Kjv‡gi cÖ‡qvRbxq N‡i Aby¯^vÿi Kiæb)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
cwi`k©bKvix ¯^vÿi, ZvwiL I mxj
¯§viK bs : ZvwiL :
1. gnvcwiPvjK, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Avwa`ßi, †mKkb 2, wgicyi, XvKv- 1216|
2. DccwiPvjK, wefvMxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kvh©vjq, XvKv/ivRkvnx/PÆMÖvg/Lyjbv/ewikvj/wm‡jU/ iscyi /gqgbwmsn wefvM|
3. †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi, †Rjv-.....................................|
4. Dc‡Rjv / _vbv wkÿv Awdmvi, Dc‡Rjv/_vbv-......................... †Rjv- ....................................|
5. msiÿY
ZvwiL I mxj :
220
10.5 : wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvjK (cÖv_wgK wkÿv) KZ…©K †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdm,
wcwUAvB, Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdm I cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cwi`k©b Ges wcwUAvB
mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U I †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv AwdmviM‡Yi cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b
g~j¨vqb|
†Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdm, wcwUAvB, Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdm Ges cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi Kvh©µ‡gi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨
ev¯Íevq‡b Awdm¸‡jv‡K MwZkxj I Kg©Zrci ivLvB n‡”Q wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvjK (cÖv_wgK wkÿv)- Gi cwi`k©‡bi
mvaviY jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨| mKj wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖwZôvb cÖavbmn mKj wkÿK/ Bb÷ªvKUi Gi †ckvMZ `ÿZv
e„w× K‡i wkÿv`vb Kjv †K․k‡ji g‡bvbœqb Ges DPEO I UEO Awd‡mi †ÿ‡Î Kg©iZ mKj Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvixi
†ckvMZ `ÿZv I Kg©ZrciZv e„w× K‡i mvgwMÖKfv‡e wkÿvi gvb Dbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨B wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvjK Gi cwi`k©b
Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ n‡q _v‡K|
wkÿv cÖwZôvb I Awdm/Kvh©vj‡qi myôz eë¯ vcbv, `ÿ cÖkvmb I mwVK cwiPvjbv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ wefvMxq Dc-
cwiPvj‡Ki wkÿv cÖwZôvb I Awdm cwiKwíZ I Kvh©Kixfv‡e eQ‡ii wbw`©ó msL¨vq cwi`k©b nIqv Avek¨K| G
cwi`k©‡bi we‡kl jÿ¨ n‡”Q wkÿv cÖwZôvb/Awd‡m Kg©iZ mKj wkÿK-Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvixi g‡a¨ Kg©‡cÖiYv m„wó Kiv,
`vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ †eva RvMÖZ Kiv Ges †ckvMZ `ÿZv AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv|
cwi`k©‡bi d‡j D×©Zb Awd‡mi AvIZvaxb wkÿv cÖwZôvb/Awd‡m Kg©iZ wkÿK/Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvixe„›` hw` ¯^-¯^ `vwqZ¡
I KZ©e¨ cvj‡b m‡PZb nb Ges mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póvq cwiKwíZ Dcv‡q `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b eªZx nb Zvn‡j cÖwZwU wkÿv
cÖwZôvb/Awdm mRxe I Kg©Zrci n‡q IV‡e| wkÿv cÖwZôvb/Awdm KZUv mvdj¨ AR©b Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q EaŸ©Zb
Awdm KZ…©K cwi`k©‡bi gva¨‡g Zv g~j¨vqb K‡i cÖ‡qvR‡b djveZ©b cÖ`v‡bi eë¯ v Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
 wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvjK (cÖv_wgK wkÿv) KZ…©K cwi`k©‡bi aib I †K․kj

wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvjKMY mvaiYZ cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq, Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdm, wcwUAvB I †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv
Awdmmg~‡n wZb ai‡bi cwi`k©b K‡i _v‡Kb| †hgb-
K. AvbyôvwbK/†NvwlZ cwi`k©b
 GKRb wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvjK cÖgvc Abyhvqx 2wU Awdm A_©¨vr DPEO Awdm /PTI/UEO Awdm Ges 3wU
cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq wba©vwiZ Q‡K cwi`k©b Ki‡eb|
 wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvjKMY cÖ_g av‡c ewY©Z cwi`k©Kvix Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi b¨vq GKB cÖwµqv AbymiYc~e©K cÖv_wgK
we`¨vjq, Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdm Ges BDAviwm/wUAviwm †NvwlZ ev AvbyôvwbK cwi`k©b Ki‡eb|
 Dc-cwiPvjKMY †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdm I wcwUAvB AvbyôvwbK cwi`k©b Ki‡eb|
 GKRb wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvjK GKwU hyw³ msMZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ Zuvi wefvMvaxb cÖwZwU †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdm,
cÖwZwU wcwUAvB, cÖwZwU Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdm Ges cÖwZwU BDAviwm/wUAviwm cwi`k©b Ki‡eb|
 G ch©v‡qi cwi`k©‡bi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡”QÑ wØZxq I Z…Zxq ch©v‡qi cwi`k©bKvix Kg©KZ©v KZ©„K cwi`wk©Z
we`¨vjq/cÖwZôvb cwi`k©‡bi gvb wbiƒcY|
 cwi`wk©Ze¨ we`¨vjq/cÖwZôvbwU cwi`k©b cwiKíbv Abyhvqx cwi`k©b Kiv n‡q‡Q wKbv Zv hvPvB Ki‡eb| hw`
we`¨vjq/cÖwZôvbwU BZtc~‡e© cwi`k©b Kiv n‡q _v‡K Z‡e cwi`k©b wi‡cv‡U© ewY©Z wb‡`©kbvmg~n ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡q‡Q
wKbv cwiexÿY Ki‡eb|
221
 wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvjK cªgvc Abyhvqx G cwi`k©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| cwi`k©‡bi GK mßv‡ni g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡e`b P~ovšÍ
K‡i mswkøó e¨w³e‡M©i wbKU cÖwZ‡e`b †cÖiY Ki‡eb|
 d‡jvAvc cwi`k©‡bi †ÿ‡Î wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvjK †h mKj we`¨vjq/cÖwZôvb †NvwlZ cwi`k©b K‡i‡Qb †m mKj
cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq/Awdmmg~n d‡jvAvc cwi`k©b Ki‡eb|
 d‡jvAvc cwi`k©‡bi mgq c~‡e©i wb‡`©kbv h_vh_fv‡e cÖwZcvwjZ bv n‡j mswkøó Kg©KZ©v /cÖavb wkÿK /mnKvix
wkÿ‡Ki weiæ‡× wefvMxq eë¯ v MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ wb‡qvMKvix KZ©„cÿ ev EaŸ©Zb KZ©„c‡ÿi wbKU mycvwik Ki‡eb|
 cwi`k©b gwbUwis : BDwbU 10.4-G Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb: wefvMxq Dc cwiPvjKMY †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi Ges wcwUAvB
mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U M‡Yi cÖwZ‡e`b wbavwiZ Q‡K g~j¨vqb K‡i cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb wefv‡M
†cªiY Ki‡eb|
 cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb K‡i wewfbœ ch©v‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv I d‡jvAv‡ci civgk© cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
D‡jøL¨, cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cwi`k©b d‡g©i bgybv mve-BDwbU 10.2 G Ges BDAviwm/wUAviwm cwi`k©b d‡g©i
bgybv mve-BDwbU 10.3 G I Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdm cwi`k©‡bi d‡g©i bgybv mve-BDwbU 10.4 G †Ìqv
n‡q‡Q|
cwi`k©b d‡gi© bgybv
gvm I eQi : 20
wcwUAvB cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b
mvaviY Z_¨ :
1. wcwUAvB Gi bvg : †dvb:
2. cwi`k©‡Ki bvg : cèx : cwi`k©‡bi ZvwiL:
3. K. mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U-Gi bvg : †gvevBj b¤î :
L. eZ©gvb Kg©¯ ‡j †hvM`v‡bi ZvwiL :
4. Awdm Kÿmn cÖv½‡Yi cwi®‥vi-cwi”QbœZv
5. K. Rwgi `wjj, LwZqvb, LvRbvi †iKW© BZ¨vw` bw_‡Z nvjwdj I msiwÿZ Av‡Q wK bv ? nu¨v/bv
L. Rwgi cwigvY: feb msL¨v: Kÿ msL¨v:
M. fe‡bi Ae¯ v m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`b :
6. gwbUwis †evW© nvjbvMv` wK? nu¨v/bv
7. Rbe‡ji Z_¨ :
mn: mycvi BÝUªv±i BÝUªv±i mn: BÝUªv±i wkÿK Z…Zxq †kÖwYi PZz_© †kÖwYi cÖwkÿYv_x©
(wcwUAvB) (BDAviwm) (cixÿY Kg©Pvix Kg©Pvix wkÿK
we`¨vjq)
Aby: Kg©iZ Aby: Kg©iZ Aby: Kg©iZ Aby: Kg©iZ Aby: Kg©iZ Aby: Kg©iZ Aby: Kg©iZ Avmb fwZ©
c` c` c` c` c` c` c`
222
9. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi gvb Dbœq‡b wcwUAvBwfwËK Kg©cwiKíbv Av‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
10. K. nvwRiv †iwR÷vi wbqwgZ eëüZ nq wK ? nu¨v/bv
L. wm Gj †iwR÷vi nvjbvMv` wK? nu¨v/bv
M. dvBj Bb‡W·, bw_ wjLb I msiÿY h_vh_ Av‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
N. cÖvß wPwVcÎ h_vh_fv‡e Gw›Uªc~e©K W‡KU b¤î †`qv nq wK ? nu¨v/bv
O. MvW© dvBj, mvKz©jvi, †M‡RU msiÿY Kiv nq wK? nu¨v/bv
11. wbqwgZ Af¨šÍixY mfv (GKv‡WwgK I cÖkvmwbK) Abyôvb I †iRy‡jkb Kiv nq wK? nu¨v/bv
12. wbqwgZfv‡e BDAviwm/wUAviwmÕi mgš^q mfv Abyôvb I †iRy‡jkb Kiv nq wK? nu¨v/bv
13. K. Kg©KZ©v‡ì GwmAvi h_vmg‡q cÖ`vb Ges †iwR÷vi nvjwdj Kiv nq wK? nu¨v/bv

14. K. K¨vk eB (ivR¯^) h_vh_ I nvjwdj Av‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
L. K¨vk eB (Dbœqb) h_vh_ I nvjwdj Av‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
M. ¯ vqx gvjvgv‡ji †iwR÷vi nvjbvMv` wK ? nu¨v/bv
N. †÷kbvwi †iwR÷vi nvjbvMv` wK ? nu¨v/bv
O. mvwf©m ÷¨v¤ú †iwR÷vi nvjbvMv` wK ? nu¨v/bv
15. K. wcwUAvB Gi Af¨šÍixY wewfbœ Znwej (µxov, BD‡Ubwmj, cixÿv, mvs¯‥„wZK Kg©KvÐ BZ¨vw`)
Gi wnmve nvjbvMv` Av‡Q wK bv ? (me¸‡jv nvjbvMv` _vK‡jB †Kej nu¨v n‡e) nu¨v/bv
L. Li‡Pi LvZIqvix fvDPvi h_vh_fv‡e msiÿY Kiv nq wK ? nu¨v/bv
16. K. bw_ Aby‡gv`bµ‡g mKj Lv‡Zi A_© e¨q Kiv nq wK ? nu¨v/bv
N. e¨wqZ A‡_©i wej fvDPvi h_vh_fv‡e msiÿY Kiv n‡q‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
O. wnmveiÿY Awdm I e¨vsK weeiYxi mv‡_ Li‡Pi wbqwgZ Reconciliation Kiv nq wK? nu¨v/bv
17. K. AwWU AvcwË Awb®úbœ Av‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
L. DËi nu¨v n‡j FAPAD.......wU, wmwfj.........wU, †jvKvj......wU. †gvU UvKvi cwigvY:.........
M. AwWU AvcwËi eªWmxU Reve †Ìqv n‡q‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
DËi nu¨v n‡j msL¨v :
N. †emiKvwi dvÛmg~n wbqwgZ Af¨šÍixY AwWU KwgwU KZ©„K AwWU Kiv nq wK? nu¨v/bv
18. cwi`k©b eQ‡i ev‡RU eivÏ cÖvwßi †ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv mgm¨v _vK‡j mswÿß eY©bv w`b:
223
wkÿvi ¸YMZ gvb msµvšÍ Z_¨ :
19. cwi`k©b eQ‡i cixÿY we`¨vjq I wcwUAvB‡Z fwZ© Ges cwi`k©b Zvwi‡L Dcw¯ Z wkÿv_©x I cÖwkÿYv_x© :
cixÿY we`¨vjq wm-Bb-GW/wWwcGW
fwZ© (we‡kl Dcw¯ Z Dcw¯ Z (we‡kl fwZ©K…Z Dcw¯ Z
fwZ© (mvaviY) Dcw¯ wZi †Kvm©/ Dcw¯ wZi
†kÖwY Pvwn`vm¤úbœ) (mvaviY) Pvwn`vm¤úbœ) cÖwkÿYv_x cÖwkÿYv_x©
nvi (%) wWMÖx nvi (%)
evwjKv †gvU evwjKv †gvU evwjKv †gvU evwjKv †gvU gwnjv †gvU gwnjv †gvU
wkï wmBbGW
cÖ_g wWwcGW
wØZxq
Z…Zxq
PZz_©
cÂg
me©‡gvU
20. Bb÷ªv±i I †kªYx wkÿ‡Ki cvi`wk©Zv :

(cwi`k©K wm-Bb-GW/wWwcGW-Gi GKwU Ges cixÿY we`¨vj‡qi GKwU wcwiqW m‡iRwg‡b cÖZ¨ÿ K‡i b¤î w`b)
welq Bb÷ªv±i I †kªwY cvV wk‡ivbvg cvV`v‡bi c~e© cÖ¯ywÍ Z * welqwfwËK Ávb * wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ *
wkÿ‡Ki bvg
1 2 3 4 5 6
DcKi‡Yi eënvi * †kÖwY‡Z cÖvYešÍZv * g~j¨vqb †K․kj * wkLbdj AR©b *

7 8 9 10
* 1 PjwZ gv‡bi wb‡P, 2 PjwZ gv‡bi, 3 ga¨g, 4 DËg, 5 AwZ DËg
21. K. mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U eënvwiK KvR I Practice teaching wbqwgZ mycviwfkb K‡ib wK? nu¨v/bv
L. mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì m‡½ gZ wewbgq K‡ib wK? nu¨v/bv
224
22. cwi`k©b eQ‡ii c~e©eZ©x eQ‡i wm-Bb-GW/wWwcGW I cixÿY we`¨vj‡qi mgvcbx cixÿvi djvdj :
wm-Bb-GW/wWwcGW cixÿv cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvcbx cixÿv
fwZ©K…Z AskMÖnYKvix cvm (msL¨v) cv‡mi wWAvifz³ AskMÖnYKvix cvm cv‡mi e„wË cÖvß msL¨v
1g 2q nvi (msL¨v) nvi U¨v‡j›Ucyj mvaviY
†kªwY †kÖwY (%) (%)
23. mn cvV¨µwgK wkÿv Kvh©µ‡gi weeiY :

K. cwi`k©‡bi c~e©eZ©x eQi †`qvj cwÎKv cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
L. cwi`k©‡bi c~e©eZ©x eQi evwl©K g¨vMvwRb cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
M. cwi`k©‡bi c~e©eZ©x eQi evwl©K µxov AbywôZ n‡q‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
N. cwi`k©‡bi c~e©eZ©x eQi cyi®‥vi weZiYx Abyôvb n‡q‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
O. cwi`k©‡bi c~e©eZ©x eQi mvs¯‥…wZK Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ n‡q‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
P. DcKiY Kÿ/KY©vi Av‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv

24. K. cÖgvc (Uv‡M©U) Abyhvqx mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U we`¨vjq cwi`k©b K‡ib wK ? nu¨v/bv
L. mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U cÖgvc Abyqvqx BDAviwm cwi`k©b K‡ib wK ? nu¨v/bv
25. K. cwi`k©b gv‡mi c~e©eZx© mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U mve-K¬v÷vi cwi`k©b K‡ib wK ? nu¨v/bv
L. cwi`k©b gv‡mi c~e©eZ©x gv‡m KZRb PTII URC Bb÷ªv±i Gi cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb? nu¨v/bv
M. cwi`k©b wb‡q URC BÝUªv±i‡ì gvwmK mgš^q mfv nq wK ? nu¨v/bv
wewea welqK Z_¨ :
26. K. AvBwmwU j¨ve h_vh_ I wbqwgZ eënvi nq wK ? nu¨v/bv
L. B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM Av‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
M. cÖwkÿYv_x©MY wbqwgZ AvBwmwUi Ici cÖwkÿY MÖnY K‡ib wK ? nu¨v/bv
N. †kÖwY Kvh©µ‡g wWwRUvj K‡›U›U eënvi nq wK? nu¨v/bv
O. †gvU Kw¤úDUv‡ii msL¨v: mPj: APj: gvwëwgwWqvi msL¨v:
27. K. MÖš vMvi wbqwgZ eëüZ nq wK ? nu¨v/bv

L. MÖš vMvi cwi®‥vi-cwi”Qbœ wK? nu¨v/bv
M. MÖš vMv‡i K¨vUvjwMs Av‡Q wK ?nu¨v/bv
N. MZ mßv‡n KZwU eB weZiY Kiv n‡q‡Q ?...........
O. Bb÷ªv±i/wkÿKMY wbqwgZ eB eënvi K‡ib wK ? nu¨v/bv
28. K. †nv‡÷j myôzfv‡e cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ we‡kl †Kv‡bv c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q wK ?
L. DËi n¨vu n‡j M„nxZ eë¯ vi mswÿß eY©bv w`b :
M. †nv‡÷jmg~‡ni cwi®‥vi cwi”QbœZvi gvb :
N. †nv‡÷jmg~‡n †jLvcovi Dc‡hvMx Avmevec‡Îi gvb : AwZ DËg DËg ga¨g PjwZ gv‡bi
225
29. mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U KZ…©K m¤úvw`Z we‡kl
Kvh©µ‡gi weeiY (hw` _v‡K) :
1.
2.
3.
30 K. me©‡kl cwi`k©‡Ki bvg : c`we : cwi`k©‡bi ZvwiL:

L. DwjøwLZ Awbq‡gi weeiY (hw` _v‡K) :
1.
2.
3.
M. c~e©eZ©x cwi`k©‡Ki †hme wb‡`©kvewj cvwjZ nqwb †m¸‡jvi µwgK bs I KviY :
32. cwi`k©‡Ki g‡Z cÖv_wgK wkÿvi ¸YMZ gv‡bvbœq‡b mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U-Gi cvi`wk©Zv :

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
cwi`k©‡Ki ¯^vÿi
ZvwiL I mxj:
226
¯§viK bs: ZvwiL :
m`q AeMwZ/AeMwZ I Kvh©Ki eë¯ v MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ Abywjwc †cÖiY Kiv n‡jv :
2. gnvcwiPvjK, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, †mKkb-2, wgicyi, XvKv 1216|
3. DccwiPvjK, wefvMxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kvh©vjq, XvKv/ivRkvnx/PÆMÖvg/Lyjbv/ewikvj/wm‡jU/iscyi/gqgbwmsn wefvM|
4. mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U, ...................................wcwUAvB, †Rjv............................ |
5. msiÿY Kwc|
cwi`k©‡Ki ¯^vÿi
ZvwiL I mxj:
cwi`k©b d‡gi© bgybv gvm I eQi 20

†Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdm cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b

mvaviY Z_¨ :
1. †Rjv : †dvb :
2. cwi`k©bKvix Kg©KZ©vi bvg : cèx : cwi`k©‡bi ZvwiL :
3. K. †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kg©KZ©vi bvg : †gvevBj b¤î :
L. eZ©gvb Kg©¯ ‡j †hvM`v‡bi ZvwiL :
4. Awdm Kÿmn cÖv½‡Yi cwi®‥vi-cwi”QbœZv

5. K. Rwgi `wjj, LwZqvb, LvRbvi †iKW© BZ¨vw` bw_‡Z msiwÿZ Av‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
L. Rwgi cwigvY : Awdm fe‡b Kÿ msL¨v :
M. fe‡bi Ae¯ v m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`b :
6. gwbUwis †evW© nvjbvMv` wK? nu¨v/bv
7. Rbe‡ji Z_¨:
GwWwcI BDBI/wUBI GBDBI/GwUB GgI/GGgI Z…Zxq †kÖwY PZz_© †kÖwY cÖavb wkÿK mnKvix wkÿK
I
Aby: Kg©i Aby: Kg©i Aby: Kg©iZ Aby: Kg©iZ Aby: Kg©iZ Aby: Kg©iZ Aby: Kg©iZ Aby: Kg©i
c` Z c` Z c` c` c` c` c` c` Z
227
9. cÖv_wgK wkÿvi gvb Dbœq‡b †Rjv ch©v‡qi Kg©cwiKíbv Av‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
10 K. nvwRiv †iwR÷vi wbqwgZ eëüZ nq wK ? nu¨v/bv
L. eB weZiY †iwR÷vi Ges mdUIqvi Gw›U&ª nvjbvMv` wK ? nu¨v/bv
M. dvBj Bb‡W· Av‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
N. wmGj †iwR÷vi nvjbvMv` wK ? nu¨v/bv
O. cÎ MÖnY †iwR÷v‡i wPwVcÎ Gw›Uª I W‡KU b¤î †`qv nq wK? nu¨v/bv
P. MvW© dvBj eëüZ nq wK? nu¨v/bv
Q. UvBg †¯‥j msµvšÍ †iwR÷vi nvjbvMv` wK?
R. wcAviGj/†cbkb msµvšÍ †iwR÷vi nvjbvMv` wK? nu¨v/bv
S. cÖkvmwbK mKj KvR bw_ Aby‡gv`bc~e©K m¤úbœ Kiv nq wK? nu¨v/bv
11. K. UvBg‡¯‥j msµvšÍ welq UEO Awdm †_‡K cÖvwßi ci KZ w`‡bi g‡a¨ Aby‡gv`b †Ìqv nq (hvPvBc~e©K
gšÍe¨ Kiæb) : .................................. w`‡bi g‡a¨
L. Av‡e`b cieZ©x 15 w`‡bi AwaK Awb®úbœ †cbkb Av‡e`b Av‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
M. DËi nu¨v n‡j msL¨v I KviY:
12 K. 1 eQ‡ii E‡aŸ© Awb®úbœ wefvMxq gvgjv Av‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
L. DËi nüv n‡j msL¨v I KviY :
13. wbqwgZ mgš^q mfv Abyôvb I †iRy‡jkb Kiv nq wK ? nu¨v/bv
14. K. Kg©KZ©v‡ì GwmAvi h_vmg‡q cÖ`vb Ges †iwR÷vi nvjwdj Kiv nq wK ? nu¨v/bv

15 K. K¨vkeB (ivR¯^) h_vh_ I nvjwdj Av‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
L. K¨vkeB (Dbœqb) h_vh_ I nvjwdj Av‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
M. ¯ vqx gvjvgv‡ji †iwR÷vi nvjbvMv` wK ? nu¨v/bv
N. †÷kbvwi †iwR÷vi (Avbylw½K) nvjbvMv` wK ? nu¨v/bv
O. mvwf©m ÷¨v¤ú †iwR÷vi nvjbvMv` wK ? nu¨v/bv
16 K.bw_ Aby‡gv`bµ‡g mKj Lv‡Zi A_© e¨q Kiv nq wK? nu¨v/bv
N. e¨wqZ A‡_©i wej fvDPvi h_vh_fv‡e msiÿY Kiv n‡q‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
O. wnmveiÿY Awdm I e¨vsK wnmv‡ei mv‡_ Li‡Pi wbqwgZ Reconciliation Kiv nq wK ? nu¨v/bv
17 K. AwWU AvcwË Awb®úbœ Av‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
L. DËi nu¨v n‡j FAPAD.......wU, wmwfj.........wU: †jvKvj..........wU †gvU UvKvi cwigvY :.............
M. AwWU AvcwËi eªWmxU Reve h_vmg‡q †Ìqv n‡q‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
N. DËi nu¨v n‡j msL¨v : ........................
O. †emiKvwi dvÛmg~n wbqwgZ Af¨šÍixY AwWU KwgwU KZ©„K AwWU Kiv nq wK ? nu¨v/bv
18. cwi`k©b eQ‡i ev‡RU eivÏ cÖvwßi †ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv mgm¨v _vK‡j mswÿß eY©bv w`b :
228
19 K. cÖgvc Abyhvqx †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi we`¨vjq cwi`k©b K‡ib wK ? nu¨v/bv
L. DËi bv n‡j KviY :
20. K. cwi`k©b gv‡mi c~e©eZ©x gv‡m †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv AwdmviKZ©„K KZwU we`¨vjq I Awdm cwi`k©b Kiv n‡q‡Q ?
we`¨vjq ............................................ Awdm ....................................
L. cwi`k©b gv‡mi c~e©eZx© mve-K¬v÷vi gv‡m KZwU mve-K¬v÷vi cwi`k©b Kiv n‡q‡Q ? ..................
M. cwi`k©b gv‡mi c~e©eZ©x gv‡m wWwcBI KZRb BDBIÕi cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b g~j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb ? ...............
21. K. cwi`k©b gv‡mi c~e©eZx© gv‡m KZwU Dbœqb KvR cwi`k©b Kiv n‡q‡Q ? .........................
L. Dbœqb KvR cwi`k©bmn cwi`k©b msµvšÍ Z_¨ mwVKfv‡e msiÿY Kiv nq wK? nu¨v/bv
22. K. cwi`k©b Zvwi‡Li c~e©eZ©x 6 gv‡mi g‡a¨ cwi`k©b Z‡_ï Dci wfwË K‡i †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv
Awdm KZ©„K we‡kl †Kv‡bv eë¯ v †bIqv n‡q‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
L. DËi nu¨v n‡j M„nxZ eë¯ vi mswÿß weeiY :
M. evwl©K cwi`k©b cwiKíbv Av‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
wewea welqK Z_¨ :
23. K. mgvcbx I e„wË cixÿv msµvšÍ Z_¨ msiÿY Kiv nq wK ? nu¨v/bv
eQi 5g †kÖwY‡Z fwZ©K…Z wWAvi AskMÖnY K„ZKvh© e„wË cÖ`v‡bi msL¨v k~Y¨ cvk
fz³ Kvix msL¨v nvi(%) †U‡j›Ucyj mvaviY we`¨vjq (msL¨v)
L. k~b¨ cvm we`¨vjq I A‡cÿvK…Z Lvivc Kiv Dc‡Rjv/_vbvi wkÿvi gvb Dbœq‡b Kx Kx c`‡ÿc MÖnY
Kiv n‡q‡Q?
24 K. wkï Rwic msµvšÍ Z_¨ nvjbvMv` wK? nu¨v/bv
L. †Rjvq fwZ©i nvi D‡jøL Kiæb:
M. we`¨vj‡q fwZ©K…Z †kªYxwfwËK we‡kl Pvwn`v m¤úbœ wkÿv_©xi Z_¨ nvjbvMv` wK ? nu¨v/bv
25. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ Z_¨ nvjbvMv` Av‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv

RwicK…Z wkï (4-5 eQi) cÖvK-cÖv_wg‡K fwZ©K…Z miKvi cwiPvwjZ we`¨vj‡q GbwRI cwiPvwjZ we`¨vj‡q
fwZ© fwZ©
26. K. 50 R‡bi wb‡P wkÿv_©x i‡q‡Q Ggb we`¨vj‡qi Z_¨ Av‡Q wK ? nu¨v/bv
L. DËi nu¨v n‡j we`¨vj‡q wkÿv_x© msL¨v Dbœq‡b Kx c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q ?
27. K. cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq Gi †MÖW msµvšÍ Z_¨ nvjbvMv` wK ? nu¨v/bv
L. DËi bv n‡j bxwZgvjv Abyhvqx we`¨vjq †MÖW nvjbvMv‡` Kx c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q?
28. Dce„wË I ¯‥zj wdwWs msµvšÍ Z_¨ nvjbvMv` Av‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
29. SLIP Kvh©µ‡gi AMÖMwZ cÖwZ‡e`b wbqwgZ hvPvB Kiv nq wK? nu¨v/bv
30. we`¨vjq I Awdm wbg©vY, cybtwbg©vY, †givgZ I ms¯‥v‡ii nvjbvMv` Z_¨ Av‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
229
31. K. wm-Bb-GW/wWwcGW cÖwkÿY msµvšÍ Z_¨ nvjbvMv` wK? nu¨v/bv
L. wm-Bb-GW/wWwcGW cªwkÿYwenxb B.Ed/M.Ed.avix wkÿK Gi Z_¨ Av‡Q wK? nu¨v/bv
32. †Rjvi cÖv_wgK wkÿvi gv‡bvbœq‡b wWwcBIÕi we‡kl †Kv‡bv Ae`vb _vK‡j Zvi mswÿß weeiY :
33. K. me©‡kl cwi`k©bKvix Kg©KZ©vi bvg : cèx : cwi`k©‡bi ZvwiL :
M. c~e©eZ©x cwi`k©‡b DwjøwLZ wb‡`©kvewji g‡a¨ †h¸‡jv cvwjZ nqwb Zvi weeiY :
34. cwi`k©‡Ki g‡Z gvbm¤§Z cÖv_wgK wkÿvi jÿ¨ AR©‡b †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmv‡ii cvi`wk©Zv :

1.
2.
3.
ZvwiL I mxj :
¯§viK bs: ZvwiL :

2. gnvcwiPvjK, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Avwa`ßi, †mKkb 2, wgicyi, XvKv- 1216|
3. DccwiPvjK, wefvMxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kvh©vjq, XvKv/ivRkvnx/PÆMÖvg/Lyjbv/ewikvj/wm‡jU/iscyi wefvM|
4. †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi, †Rjv-.....................................|
5. msiÿY Kwc|
ZvwiL I mxj :
(Z_¨m~Î : 1. cÖavb wkÿK I Kg©KZ©v‡ì GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv (2014), cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi|
2. GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb, cÖwkÿ‡Ki Rb¨ g¨vby‡qj (2003), ESTEEM cÖKí, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi|
3. cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb wefvM, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii mvK©yjvi (2014|)
230
cÖkœgvjv : 10
K. mswÿß cÖkœ t
1. cÖavb wkÿK Zuvi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ cvjbKv‡j †Kvb †Kvb f~wgKv AbymiY K‡ib?
2. †bZ…‡Z¡i •ewkó¨ Kx Kx wjLyb|
3. GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
4. GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veav‡bi D‡Ïk¨ Kx Kx wjLyb?
5. wkÿK †hvM¨Zv Kx Kx wjLyb|
6. cwi`k©b ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
7. cwi`k©‡bi D‡Ïk¨ Kx Kx wjLyb|
8. cwi`k©‡bi DcKvwiZv Kx Kx wjLyb|
L. iPbvg~jK cÖkœ t
1. GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavq‡bi cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
2. cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb †K․kj eY©bv Kiæb|
3. GKRb Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi Gi cwi`k©‡bi aib I †K․kj eY©bv Kiæb|
4. wcwU AvB mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U Gi cwi`k©‡bi aib I †K․kj e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
5. †Rjv cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awdmvi Gi Awdm cwi`k©‡bi aib I †K․kj eY©bv Kiæb|
6. wefvMxq Dc-cwiPvjK (cÖv_wgK wkÿv) Gi Ges Awdm cwi`k©‡bi †K․kj eY©bv Kiæb|
Z_¨m~Î:
1. LvZzb, Zvnwgbv I Ab¨vb¨ (2014), cÖavb wkÿK I Kg©KZ©v‡ì GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv,
cÖwkÿY wefvM, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, XvKv, evsjv‡`k, AvM÷ 2014|
2. †P․ayix, Avãyj AvwRR (2000),cwi`k©b I eë¯ vcbv Kjv‡K․kj,
3. cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb wefvM, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii mvK©yjvi|
4. †ckvMZ Dbœqb †iKW©, wm-Bb-GW †Kv‡m© cÖwkÿYiZ wkÿK‡ì Rb¨, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi evsjv‡`k,
XvKv|
5. G,GBP,Gg gwnDwÏb I Ab¨vb¨ (2008), wcwUAvB BÝUªv±i cÖwkÿY g¨vby‡qj, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, XvKv|
6. we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbv cÖwkÿY, GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb, cÖwkÿ‡Ki Rb¨ g¨vby‡qj, ESTEEM cÖKí, cÖv_wgK wkÿv
Awa`ßi, XvKv, evsjv‡`k, †deªæqvwi 2003|
7. iwk`, gywbbyi I Ab¨vb¨ (2008), cÖavb wkÿK‡ì eywbqvw` cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj , cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi|
8. Supporting Professionally Registered Teachers, A Guide to the Requirement for Full
Registration, Mentor Support Manual, Standards and professional learning branch, Victorian
Institute of Teaching, November 2007.
9. wRqvDj nvmvb I Ab¨vb¨ (2009), mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Kg©KZ©v‡ì cÖwkÿY mnvqK cyw¯ÍKv, wcBwWwc 2,
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, XvKv, evsjv‡`k, Ryb 2009
10. Eric Hoyle (1988), Leadership and mission in Glatter, Ron; Preedy, Margaret; Riches, colin
and Masterton, Mary (eds), Understanding School Management, Open University Press,
Milton Keynes, Philadelphia.
231
MÖšc
’ wÄ
1) AvwRR, †gvt Avãyj I Ab¨vb¨ (2000), wm Bb GW cÖwkÿYv_x©‡ì Rb¨ cÖv_wgK wkÿv I AvaywbK wPšÍvaviv, cÖv_wgK
wkÿv Awa`ßi |
2) Avãyjøvn, wgR©v †gvt I Ab¨vb¨ (2014), BDAviwm Kg©KZ©v‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœq‡b D”PZi cÖwkÿY-Z_¨cy¯K Í ,
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi|
3) Avjx, †gvt iRe I Ab¨vb¨ (2002), evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿvbxwZ, †K․kj I msMVb, RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv
GKv‡Wwg|
4) Avjx, †gvnv¤§` AvRnvi I †eMg †nvm‡b Aviv (2002), cÖv_wgK wkÿv cwiwPwZ, †bc, evsjv‡`k|
5) AvjgMxi, †gvt I Ab¨vb¨ (2016), wcwUAvB BÝUªv±iM‡Yi †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœqb welqK cÖwkÿY Z_¨cy¯ÍK, cÖv_wgK
wkÿv Awa`ßi|
6) AvjgMxi, †gvt (2016), cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi-Gi Kg©KZ©v-Kg©PvixM‡Yi Kg©eÈb-2016 (Awdm Av‡`k bs
38,01.0000.100.02.001.16.-27, ZvwiL: 27 GwcÖj 2016), cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, †mKkb-2, wgicyi, XvKv
1216|
7) AvBwWqvj cÖKí cwiwPwZ cyw¯ÍKv 2001, AvBwWqvj cÖKí, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, XvKv, evsjv‡`k|
8) Avmv`y¾vgvb, †Lv›`Kvi †gvt I Ab¨vb¨ (2006), wcBwWwc 2-wØZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP msev`
mvgwqKx, el© 1, msL¨v 1, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, GwcÖj 2006|
9) AvjgMxi, †gvt, I Ab¨vb¨ (2016), wcwUAvB BÝUªv±iM‡Yi †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœqb welqK cÖwkÿY Z_¨cy ¯ K,
Z…Zxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, XvKv, evsjv‡`k|
10) DcvbyôvwbK wkÿvbxwZ, DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv ey¨‡iv, †cÖvMg|
11) Gnmvb, Wt Aveyj I Ab¨vb¨ (2015), wWwcGW cÖwkÿYv_x©‡ì Rb¨ †ckvMZ wkÿv-wØZxq LÐ, RvZxq cÖv_wgK
wkÿv GKv‡Wwg|
12) Lvwj`, †gvt ûgvqyb (2016), mwPevjq wb‡`©kgvjv 2014-Gi 7bs wb‡`©k Abymv‡i cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv
gš¿Yvj‡qi Kg©KZ©v‡ì Kg©eÈb, www.mopme.gov.bd, Website of MOPME.
13) LvZzb, Zvnwgbv I Ab¨vb¨ (2014), cÖavb wkÿK I Kg©KZ©v‡ì GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv,
cÖwkÿY wefvM, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, XvKv, evsjv‡`k, AvM÷ 2014|
14) †P․ayix, Avãyj AvwRR (2000),cwi`k©b I eë¯ vcbv Kjv‡K․kj,
15) RvZxq wkÿvbxwZ 2010, wkÿv gš¿Yvjq|
16) †bc, cÖwkÿY cwÄKv, 2016Ñ17|
17) cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb wefvM, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii mvK©yjvi|
18) cvV mgxÿv ev¯Íevqb †K․kj (2014)cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi evsjv‡`k, XvKv|
19) †ckvMZ Dbœqb †iKW©, wm-Bb-GW †Kv‡m© cÖwkÿYiZ wkÿK‡ì Rb¨, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi evsjv‡`k,
XvKv|
20) cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg (2011), RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©|
21) cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg (2011), RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©|
22) evsjvwcwWqv|
23) we`¨vjq eë¯ vcbv cÖwkÿY, GKv‡WwgK ZË¡veavb, cÖwkÿ‡Ki Rb¨ g¨vby‡qj, ESTEEM cÖKí, cÖv_wgK wkÿv
Awa`ßi, XvKv, evsjv‡`k, †deªæqvwi 2003|
24) †eMg, W. Kvgiæ‡bœmv I Ab¨vb¨ (2000), cÖv_wgK wkÿv I evsjv‡`k, †bc|
25) gwnDwÏb, G,GBP,Gg I Ab¨vb¨ (2008), wcwUAvB BÝUªv±i cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi,
XvKv|
232
26) †g‡niæ‡bœQv, wg‡mm I Ab¨vb¨ (2015), wWwcGW cÖwkÿYv_x©‡ì Rb¨ †ckvMZ wkÿv Ñ cÖ_g LÐ, RvZxq
cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg |
27) ikx`, gywbbyi I Ab¨vb¨ (2008), cÖavb wkÿK‡ì eywbqvw` cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi|
28) ingvb, Gm,Gg gwdRyi I Ab¨vb¨ (2002), weÁvb, wm Bb GW, RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg|
29) ingvb, Wt wmwÏKzi I Ab¨vb¨ (2000), wm Bb GW cÖwkÿYv_x©‡ì Rb¨ wkÿvbxwZ, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi|
30) ivLx, wkwib Avjøv I Ab¨vb¨ (2002), wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ, RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg|
31) wm.Bb.GW. wkÿvµg I cvV¨m~wP (cwigvwR©Z) (2002), GbwmwUwe I cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, evsjv‡`k,
XvKv|
32) nK, •mq` †gvt Iev‡q`yj I Ab¨vb¨, cÖv_wgK wkÿv g¨vby‡qj (fwjDg-1, cÖkvmb, wb‡qvMwewa, †cÖlY, e`wj,
†Rô¨Zv, c‡`vbœwZ, k„•Ljv I AvPiY, QzwU, PvKwii †iKW©cÎ msiÿY, Aemi MÖnY I Aemi fvZv BZ¨vw`
m¤úwK©Z), cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, 2004|
33) nvmvb, wRqvDj I Ab¨vb¨, (2009) mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Kg©KZ©‡ì cÖwkÿY mnvqK cyw¯ÍKv, wØZxq
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP (wcBwWwc 2), cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, XvKv, 2009|
34) †nv‡mb, Avey ZvR †gvt RvwKi (m¤úv`K), cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvj‡qi 2012-13 A_©eQ‡ii evwl©K
cÖwZ‡e`b, cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq|
35) Annual Review 2000, Overview of Projects Supporting Primary Education Development
Program, May 2000.
36) Bangladesh Third Primary Education Development Program, Mid Term Review 2013-2014,
Final Report, July 2015.
37) Eric, Hoyle (1988), Leadership and mission in Glatter, Ron; Preedy, Margaret; Riches, colin
and Masterton, Mary (eds), Understanding School Management, Open University Press,
Milton Keynes, Philadelphia.
38) Main Document, Third Primary Education Development Programme, Directorate of Primary
Education, Ministry of Primary and Mass Education, June 2011.
39) Primary Education Bangladesh, (1998) Directorate of Primary Education, Primary and Mass
Education Division.
40) Project Implementation Plan, Primary Education Development Project, Government of
Bangladesh, May 21,1998.
41) Project Proforma, Development of Primary Education Through Intensive District Approach
(IDEAL), (2nd Revised), Directorate of Primary Education, 2004.
42) Registration, Mentor Support Manual, Standards and professional learning branch,
Victorian Institute of Teaching, November 2007.
43) Second Primary Education Development Program, Program Completion Report, December
2011.
44) Tayko, Perla Rizalina (2009), Organizational Development and Capacity Building
Guidebook, Second Primary Education Development Program, Directorate of Primary
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45) http://www.mopme.gov.bd, Website of MOPME
46) www.nape.gov.bd
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