APTITUD VERBAL
TEXTOS EN INGLES I
PROBLEMAS PROPUESTOS
TEXTO 1
It all started with a simple beet harvest
when in 1854, the French scientist Luis
Pasteur investigated the problems that
alcoholic fermentation generated in the sugar
beet processing industry. He showed that
fermentation was due to the development of a
microorganism that floats in the air as a vehicle
until it finds the medium in which to settle and
reproduce. Hence, the scientist devised some
ingenious sterilization processes known as
pasteurization. Pasteur's efforts then turned
to the field of bacteriology. Thus, he laid the
foundations of modern medicine and discovered
microbial agents that cause infectious diseases.
He also proposed that surgeons sterilize their
instruments by means of heat, to avoid the
proliferation of germs in the operating rooms.
All his initiatives in this regard, together with
the magnitude of his discoveries, contributed
decisively to improving man's life expectancy,
which remains around 70 years.
1. According to the text, the purpose of Pas-
teur's research was:
A) eliminate infectious diseases
B) improve beet harvests
C) produce more sugar
D) explain alcoholic fermentation
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2. The increase in life expectancy was due to:
A) increased the number of surgeons
B) there were more births
C) improved sugar production
D) improved alcohol production
3. The decisive thing about Pasteur's research
was to demonstrate:
A) the cause of fermentation
B) the consequences of fermentation
C) the applications of fermentation
D) factors of fermentation
4. The most suitable title for the text is:
A) infectious diseases
B) change in life expectancy
C) sterilization processes
D) Pasteur's contributions to medicine
5. From reading the text it follows that "steri-
lization" is the opposite of:
A) dispersion
B) neutralization
C) accumulation
D) proliferation
TEXTO 2
Why did the HIV virus of AIDS suddenly emerge
as a global killer? According to one theory, the
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virus has infected people for centuries, but
recent social changes have altered its character.
Before 1960, African farmers contracted benign
ancestral forms of HIV from primates. Because
the virus spread very slowly in the population,
it could not become virulent. From 1960 to
1975, wars, drought, trade, and urbanization
transformed African social institutions. HIV
spread rapidly, becoming more virulent as
transmission accelerated. From 1975 to the
present, world travel brought HIV into wider
circulation. Changes in sexual practices and
modern medical practices, such as blood
transfusion, have made many populations
more susceptible. If social changes can turn
a benign virus into a deadly one, the process
could be reversible. Simply slowing down the
rate of transmission can drive the deadliest
strains toward extinction, putting them out of
circulation.
6. According to the text, the virulence of HIV
is due to:
A) liberal sexual mores.
B) at the highest rate of contagion.
C) to the trips of wide circulation.
D) because it went from Africa to the
United States.
7. The ancient forms of HIV were benign
because of the virus:
A) It was spread only among Africans.
B) expanded very slowly.
C) came from primates.
D) is linked to social changes.
8. What is the relationship between social
changes and the virulence of HIV?
A) social changes accelerate the spread
of the HIV virus and this increases its
virulence.
B) social changes are not related to the
virulence of HIV.
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TEXTOS EN INGLES I
C) the misery caused by wars and drought
increases the virulence of HIV.
D) the rate of expansion of HIV is inversely
related to social changes.
9. Before 1960, the HIV virus was characteri-
zed by:
A) its benignity despite its rapid expansion.
B) exist only in primates.
C) present less virulence than today.
D) be under strict sanitary medical control.
10. What would happen if the rate of spread of
the HIV virus were drastically reduced?
A) HIV would enter a process of extinction.
B) the virulence of HIV would be altered.
C) sexual customs would notably change.
D) HIV would relocate in Africa.
TEXTO 3
In their animal studies, ethologists have
developed field techniques that allow them
to observe and record behavior in a very
objective and detailed manner, without
preconceived notions. The ethologist enters
the wild environment of the animals and waits
until they accept him as part of their habitat;
then he begins to note sequences of behaviors,
noting what precedes each act and what its
consequences are.
On the spot or perhaps later, through computer
analysis, schematics will be extracted from
these sequences, describing, for example, all
the elements involved in an attack: posture,
facial expression, eye behavior, the effects of
sound, etc. Once the schema has been identified
and pointed out to an observer, the seemingly
capricious actions of the animals take on a
new meaning for him: he literally sees them
in another way.
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 TEXTOS EN INGLES I
11. The reason why the ethologist goes into the
wild environment of animals is because:
A) the closer the animals are observed,
the better they act
B) the habitat of the animals must be
respected
C) observation should not interfere with
animal behavior
D) animals are more spontaneous when
the observer is diligent
12. The information that the ethologist gives to
the computers is made up of:
A) the sum of observations controlled by
animal behavior.
B) a systematization of the behavior of the
habitat
C) a series of systematic observations of
the habitat
D) the set of data observed in the schemes
13. From reading the text we can infer that
ethologists study:
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A) the natural behavior and attitude of
animals
B) forms of reaction to animal stimuli
C) the elements involved in the animal's
attack
D) animal behavior in the most subjective
way
14. An idea that the text does not express is
that:
A) on the ground itself it is possible to
extract patterns of behavior
B) sequences of animal behavior can be
observed
C) the habitat determines the behavior of
animals
D) through computer analysis we can
analyze the behavior
15. The word INTERNAL is understood in the
text as
A) specializes B) worries
C) internal D) install
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