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EDCunit 1
EDCunit 1
L2 Filters- T2, T1
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Subject: Electronic Devices and Circuits
(a) Course Objectives:
To provide an overview of the principles and operation of electronic
devices.
To explore use of electronic devices for various applications in
electronic circuits.
To analyze various electronic circuits.
(b) Course Outcomes(Proposed):
After successfully completing the course, the students will be able to
• CO1: Comprehend the knowledge of semiconductor devices(Diode,
BJT, JFET, MOSFET, UJT), rectifiers, filters, amplifiers &
oscillator circuits
• CO2: Understand basics of Diode, BJT, JFET, MOSFET, UJT,
Rectifier, filters, Amplifiers, Oscillators with analysis of their
characteristics and operational parameters.
• CO3: To understand Biasing, feedback concept, topologies and
their applications.
• CO4: Implement and analyze various electronic circuits. 2
VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Subject: Electronic Devices and Circuits
Unit-1
PN junction diode: Formation of p-n junction, biasing the diode, current
equation and V-I characteristics of diode, static and dynamic resistance,
Analysis of Half Wave Rectifier (HWR), Full Wave Rectifier (FWR),
introduction to filters C, L,LC and CLC filters, working of diode as a
Switch, Zener diode and its application as voltage regulator.
Unit-2
Waveshaping: Analysis of RC low pass, and high pass filters for
Sinusoidal, Step, Pulse, Square signal, analysis of clipping and clamping
circuits using diodes.
Unit-3
Bipolar Junction Transistors: Operation of PNP and NPN transistor, CB,
CE and CC configurations with characteristics and parameters, transistor as
a switch, Transistor switching times, dc load line, transistor biasing
methods, bias stability, Introduction to voltage divider biased CE amplifiers
using h-parameter model.
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Subject: Electronic Devices and Circuits
Unit-4
Feedback amplifiers: Feedback concept, effects of negative feedback,
basic feedback topologies Sinusoidal oscillators: Barkhausen’s criteria,
Hartley, Colpitts, RC Phase shift, Wein bridge and crystal oscillators.
Unit-5
Multistage Amplifiers: Need of multistage, direct coupled amplifier, RC
coupled amplifier, transformer coupled amplifier, emitter follower,
Darlington emitter follower, bootstrapping principle (analysis not
expected).
Unit-6
JFET: Theory, construction and characteristics: parameters (μ, gm & rd)
MOSFET: Theory, construction and characteristics of enhancement &
depletion type MOSFET. UJT: Theory, construction and characteristics;
UJT as relaxation oscillator.
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Subject: Electronic Devices and Circuits
Text Books:
David Bell: Electronic Devices and Circuits, Oxford University Press,
2010.
Milliman and Halkias: Integrated Electronics, TMH, New Delhi.
References:
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Subject: Electronic Devices and Circuits
Unit-1
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Subject: Electronic Devices and Circuits
Unit1: PN diode-
Part-II Rectifiers:
HWR,
FWR,
Theory of filters
C, L,
LC and CLC
Analysis of C-input filter,
Zener diodes & its application as voltage regulator,
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Rectifiers
Prerequisite
Fundamentals of PN Junction Diode
Biasing and Operation of the Diode
VI Characteristics of Diode
Ideal and Practical Parameters
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Subject: Electronic Devices and Circuits
9
VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Rectifiers
Importance of rectifiers
Characteristics of rectifiers
Classification(Types) of rectifiers
Operation of the circuits
Analysis of rectifier circuits(various terms,
factors or parameters (with
mathematical expression)etc
Merits/Demerits/Applications
Comparison among rectifiers
Numerical
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Rectifiers:
Analysis of rectifier circuits(various terms, factors
or parameters(with mathematical expression) etc
Ratio of rectification(Efficiency)
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Rectifiers
Importance of rectifiers
Characteristics of rectifiers
Classification(Types) of rectifiers
Operation of the circuits
Analysis of rectifier circuits(various terms,
factors or parameters (with
mathematical expression)etc
Merits/Demerits/Applications
Comparison among rectifiers
Numerical
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Rectifiers
Characteristics of rectifiers:
Output waveforms
Efficiency
Ripple factor
Regulation
Peak voltage/Current
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Rectifiers
Characteristics of rectifiers
Waveforms of the Load current/Load Voltage
Rectifier converts ac to pulsating dc. Important to analyze
the nature of the current through load which ultimately
determines the waveforms of the load voltage
Rectifier efficiency
How efficiently the rectifier circuit converts ac power into
dc power
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Rectifiers
Characteristics of rectifiers…..
Peak value of current in the rectifier circuit
Maximum value of an ac current in the rectifier circuit, this
decides the rating of the rectifier circuit element which is
diode.
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Types of Rectifiers
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Rectifiers
Half wave rectifier:
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Half wave Rectifiers
Nature of waveforms:
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Rectifiers
Full wave rectifier:
2 Diodes (With Centre Tap Transformer)
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Full wave Rectifiers-
2 Diodes (With Centre Tap Transformer)
Current flow during Current flow during
positive half cycle: Negative half cycle:
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Full wave Rectifiers
Nature of waveforms:
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Rectifiers
Full wave rectifier: 4 Diodes ( Bridge type)
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Bridge Rectifier: Operation of the Circuit
Current flowing
during Positive
Half Cycle
Current flowing
during Negative
Half Cycle
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Full wave Rectifier
Nature of waveforms:
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Rectifiers
Importance of rectifiers
Characteristics of rectifiers
Classification(Types) of rectifiers
Operation of the circuits
Analysis of rectifier circuits(various terms,
factors or parameters (with
mathematical expression)etc
Merits/Demerits/Applications
Comparison among rectifiers
Numerical
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Rectifiers : Analysis of rectifier circuits
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Analysis of rectifier circuits :HWR
Idc , Vdc
Irms, Vrms
Im, Vm
Pdc , Pac
Regulation
PIV
TUF
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Analysis of rectifier circuits :HWR
Vs = Vmsinωt,
Is = IL = Imsinωt, N2/N1 = Vs/ Vp
ω = 2πf
Idc – DC or Average value of load current:
It is defined as the area under the
curve over one complete cycle i.e.
from 0 to 2π 1 2
- Idc ILd (t )
2 0
Idc = Im/ π Vdc = Vm/ π
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Analysis of rectifier circuits :HWR
Average or DC value of Current(Idc) or Voltage(Vdc)
1 2
Idc ILd (t ) Where IL = Imsinωt
2 0
1 2
sin = -cos
Idc Im sin (t )d (t )
2 0
1
Idc Im sin (t )d (t )
2 0
Im = Vm/Rs+Rf+RL
Vdc = Idc*RL
Rs+Rf << RL
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Analysis of rectifier circuits :HWR
AC or rms value of Current(Irms) or Voltage(Vrms):
(rms means squaring, finding mean and then getting sq. root)
2
Irms 1 / 2 (Im sin t ) 2 d (t )
0
Where IL = Imsinωt
2
Irms 1 / 2 (Im 2 sin 2 td (t ))
0 sin2 = (1-cos2ωt)/2
signal is available for half cycle
Irms 1 / 2 (Im 2 sin 2 td (t ))
0
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Analysis of rectifier circuits :FWR
Ripple factor- The pulsating components present in the output
of rectifier unit is called ripples and the measure of such
ripples present in the output is referred as Ripple factor(γ). It
tells how smooth is the output, smaller the γ, closer is the
output to a pure DC
rms value of the ac component(Iac = I’rms)
γ=
Average or dc component(Idc)
( Irms 2 Idc 2 )
=
Idc 2
Irms = Im/ 2
Irms2
= 2
1 Idc = Im/π
Idc
2
γ= 1
4 γ = 1.21 or 121%
iL = Imsinωt …. 0 ωt π
iL = -Imsinωt …. π ωt 2π
1 2
Idc ILd (t )
2 0
signal is available for both half cycle
1
2
Idc [ Im sin (t )d (t ) Im sin(t )d (t )]
2 0
Where IL = Imsinωt
Idc = 2Im/π
sin = -cos
Vdc = 2Vm/π
= 2ImRL / π
0
2 / 2 (Im2 sin 2 td (t )) Where IL = Imsinωt
0
1 / [(1 cos 2t ) / 2 ) d (t )] sin2 ωt = (1-cos2ωt)/2
0
Irms Im / 2
Im = Vm/Rs+Rf+RL
Irms = Im/ 2 Vrms = Vm/ 2
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Analysis of rectifier circuits :FWR
Ripple factor- The pulsating components present in the output
of rectifier unit is called ripples and the measure of such
ripples present in the output is referred as Ripple factor(γ). It
tells how smooth is the output, smaller the γ, closer is the
output to a pure DC
rms value of the ac component(Iac = I’rms)
γ=
Average or dc component(Idc)
( Irms 2 Idc 2 )
=
Idc 2
Irms = Im/ 2
Irms2
= 2
1 Idc = 2Im/π
Idc
2
γ= 1
8 γ = 0.48 or 48%
Vrms Vm/ 2
Im = Vm/Rs+Rf+RL
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering 2
Comparison between HWR and FWR(CT)
Q2- A full wave rectifier circuit is fed from step down transformer having centre
tapped secondary winding. The rms voltage from either end of secondary to
centre tap is 18V. The diode forward resistance is 20Ω and that of the half
secondary winding resistance is 2Ω , for a restive load of 1KΩ.
a) What is the internal resistance this power supply?
b) What is the % regulation of this power supply?
c) Also Calculate maximum, Average and rms values of current and voltage,
ripple factor, dc output power, ac input power, % Efficiency (η) ,
Transformer utilization factor(TUF of Primary, Secondary and Average) and
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PIV. Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
VM Umale
Assignment on topic- rectifier circuits
2U2
Q1- A half wave rectifier consist of a diode having a dynamic resistance of 1Ω
as its operating current and a transformer whose open circuit secondary voltage
is 12.6V, 50Hz. It has a secondary resistance of 3Ω
a) What is the no-load dc output voltage of the rectifier?
b) What is the dc output voltage when full load draws a dc current of 100mA?
c) What is the % Regulation of this power supply.
d) Also Determine maximum, Average and rms values of current and voltage,
ripple factor, dc output power, ac input power, % Efficiency (η), Transformer
utilization factor(TUF) and PIV.
Q2- A full wave rectifier circuit is fed from step down transformer having centre
tapped secondary winding. The rms voltage from either end of secondary to
centre tap is 22V. The diode forward resistance is 20Ω and that of the half
secondary winding resistance is 2Ω , for a restive load of 2KΩ.
a) What is the internal resistance this power supply?
b) What is the % regulation of this power supply?
c) Also Calculate maximum, Average and rms values of current and voltage,
ripple factor, dc output power, ac input power, ratio of rectification in % ,
TUF of Primary, Secondary and Average) and PIV.
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
γαβδηπλΩθω
THANKS A LOT
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Filter circuits:
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Analysis of rectifier circuits :HWR
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VM Umale Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Thanks a lot