HISTORY OF SPORT
 Sport has been recorded for centuries
 The documented history of sports goes back at least 3,000
years.
 Involved the preparation for war or training as a hunter,
which explains why so many early games involved the
throwing of spears, stakes, and rocks, and sparring one-on-
one with opponents.
 Study of the history of sport can teach lessons about social
changes and about the nature of sport itself, as sport seems
involved in the development of basic human skills.
 The Ancient Greeks introduced formal sports to the world.
 The first Olympic Games in 776 BC--which included events
such as foot and chariot races, wrestling. jumping, and
discus and javelin throwing
 A wide range of sports were already established by the time
of Ancient Greece and the military culture and the
development of sport in Greece influenced one another
considerably. Sport became such a prominent part of their
culture that the Greeks created the Olympic Games which in
ancient times were held every four years in a small village
in the Peloponnesus called Olympia.
HISTORY OF SPORT AND GAMES
 Senet in Eygpt: 3000 BC
 Backgammon in Mesopotamia: 2500BC
 Egyptian Sports: from 2000 BC
 Greek Athletics: 7th century BC
 The extended games: 7th century BC
 Polo: 6th century BC
 Hockey: 6th century BC
 Boxing in Rome: 1st century BC - 5th century AD
 Dominoes and playing cards: 9th -19th century
 Bowls: from the 13th century
 Billiards: 16th-19th century
 Horse racing: 17th-18th century
Sports
 is on activity that requires physical actions and skills
where individuals or teams compete under a set of rules
 Sport pertains to any torm of competitive plysical activity
or game.
 "It can improve one's physical health is generally
recognized as system of activities based in physical
athleticism or physical dexterity.
 Sport is also a major source of entertainment for non
participants, with spectator sport drawing large crowds to
sport venues, and reaching wider audiences through
broadcasting.
Etymology
 The word "sport" comes from the Old French desport
meaning "leisure*, with the oidest definition in English
from around 1300 being "anything humans find amusing or
entertaining
 Other meanings include gambling and events staged for the
purpose of gambling; hunting and games and diversions,
including ones that require exercise Roget's defines the
noun sport as an "activity engaged in for relaxation and
amusement" with synonyms including diversion and
recreation
Physical Fitness
 It refers to the ability of your body systems to work
together effectively (maayos) and efficiently (tama) to
allow you to be healthy and perform activities of daily living
 A fit person is able to perform schoolwork, meet home
responsibilities, and still have enough energy to enjoy sport
and other leisure activities
 A fit person can respond effectively to normal life
situations, such as raking leaves at home, stocking shelves
at a part-time job, and marching in the band at school.
 A fit person can also respond to emergency situations - for
example, by running to get help or aiding a friend in
distress
Parts of Physical Fitness
 According to the Oxford dictionary, fitness is the condition
of being physically fit and healthy.' If we take this simple
knowledge and then begin to break down the meaning of
'fitness' into different categories, we have the components
of fitness.
- —-
Health-related components of fitness
Cardiovascular Endurance
 Is how efficiently your heart, blood vessels, and lungs to
supply axygen rich Muscular Endurance blood to working
muscles during physical activity (aerobic activity like
walking, running, cycling or playing a sport) for a prolonged
period of time or for more than 90 seconds
 A cardiorespiratory endurance measures how well the
body performs during long periods of exercise. A person
with high cardiorespiratory endurance can sustain high-
intensity activities over an extended period without getting
tired.
Benefits of Cardiovascular Endurance Training
 Strengthens heart muscle
 Increases lung capacity
 Regulates blood pressure
 Reduces stress/enhances mood
 Lowers unhealthy cholesterol
 Aids sleep
 Prevents obesity (gives the metabolism a boost)
Ways to improve Cardiovascular Endurance
1, Jogging - start with a 15 minute run, and aim to build it up to
35 minutes within a month or two.
2. Cycling - you might start with a 15-20 minute ride, and aim to
build it up as you would with running duration.
3. Swimming - the best way to use it to train for this type of
endurance is to swim at intervals of 50, 100, then 200 yards, with
short rest periods in between each set.
Muscular Endurance
 Refers to the fatigue resisting ability of skeletal muscles
when they are contracted using less than the maximal force
for an extended time period.
 In other words, it measures how long a muscle is able to
tolerate a high-amount of repetitions with a light weight
(rather than aiming for 7-12 reps with a heavy weight)
Benefits of Training Muscular Endurance
1. Reduce the risk of injury in sports and everyday life
2. Prevents obesity and excess fat storage
3. Boost performance in sports, weight training and everyday
4. Improves mood and self-confidence
5. Strengthen muscles and bones in the long run
6. Prevents muscular declines as you age
Recommendation Exercise to Improve Muscular Endurance
1. Push-ups
2. Planks
3. Squats
4. Sit-ups
5. Lunges
We’d recommend 3 sets of 10-20 reps if you’re training for
endurance.
Muscular Strength
 When taking a god look at the health-related components of
fitness, they usually confuse strength and muscular
endurance. Just in case you haven’t quite picked up on it
yet, here’s a quick recap.
 Refers to how long your muscles can work for without
fatiguing, while muscular strength is all about how much
force your muscles can exert in one blow.
Health Benefits of Muscular Strength Training
 Strength training
 Builds and maintains muscle mass as you age
 Boosts mood and energy levels
 Aids bone health
 Burn excess calories (improves metabolic rate)
 Shreds excess fat stores
 Improves other components of fitness (cardiovascular
endurance, coordination, and balance)
Flexibility
 Is the ability of a joint or series of joint to move through an
unrestricted, pain free range of motion.
Long Term benefits of Flexibility Training
 Increases athletic performance (due to growing ROM range
of motion)
 Reduces chance of injury during physical activity
 Eases muscle aches, pains and cramps
 Improves balance and posture
 Quickens recovering after exercising (improves blood flow)
Exercises to Improve your Flexibility
1. Dynamic warm ups - such as lunges, toe touches, bridges. Hip
flexor streches, etc. Are great starting point for those looking for
exercise to improve their flexibility.
2. Yoga
3. Dancing
Body Composition
 Is the amount of fat mass compared to lean muscle mass,
bone and organs
 To be more specific, body composition refers to the amount
of body fat mass that you’re storing in comparison to fat-
free mass, which is made up of organs, muscles, and bone,
etc.
Benefits of Good Body Composition
 Creates a toned, lean figure
 Boosts the body’s functional capability
 Speeds up metabolic rate (torches calories even when
resting)
 Prevetns heart disease, high blood pressure, and type 2
diabetes
 Encourages permanent weight loss
Methods of training body Composition
 Maintaining a health, well balanced diet
- burpees
- push ups
- squats
- sit-ups
- plank
Components of Skill-Related Fitness
Agility - is the ability to change and control the direction and
position of the body while maintaining a constant, rapid motion
Ex. Changing directions to hit a tennis ball
Balance - is the ability to control or stabilize the body when a
person is standing still or moving.
Ex. In-line skating
Coordination - is the ability to use the senses together with
body parts during movement
Ex. Dribbling a basktball. Using hands and eyes together is called
hand-eye coordination
Speed - is the ability to move your body or parts of your body
swiftly. Many sports rely on speed to gain advantage over your
opponents.
Ex. A basketball player making a fast break to perform a layup, a
tennis player moving forward to get a drop shot, a football player
out running the defense to receive a pass.
Power - is the ability to move body parts swiftly while applying
the maximum force of the muscles. Power is a combination of
both speed and muscular strength.
Ex. Fullbacks in football muscling their way through other
players and speeding to advance the ball and volleyball players
getting up to net and lifting their bodies high into the air.
Reaction Time - is the ability to reach or respond quickly
coming off the blocks early in a swimming or track relay, or
stealing a base in baseball.
Classification of Sports, Benefits from engaging in Sports and
Different kinds of Games and Team Sports
Sport is classified into:
 Individual sports - are played by one participant on each
competing side
 Dual sports - are played by two competing pairs
 Team sports - are played by three or more players
What is the difference of individual/dual vs. Team sports
Individual Sports - foster a higher amount of discipline, self-
confidence, focus, and passion.
Team Sports - many variables are considered to determine the
success or failure of the team. It depends on the collective effort
of all its players.
What is the difference between individual and dual sports
 The main difference between individual and dual sports is
the number of athletes who compete on the same side.
However, each sport type comes with plenty of benefits and
challenges. To better understand this concept, learn more
individual, dual and team sports in more detail, including
their difference, similarities and benefits.
What are individual sports
 Individual sports are defined as activities in which
competing as a part of a team isn’t required. The athlete is
on their own and is the one who’s responsible for bringing
home the win. Although individual sports can be
competitive, the athlete is also in competition with
themselves.
Example:
 Skiing
 Snowboarding
 Running
 Swimming
 Boulderin
 Archery
 Gymnastics
 Weightlifting
Individual Sports
 practicing a sport individually requires plenty of motivation
in order to develop the skills that are needed to progress in
the activity. Along with gaining additional skills, two other
main benefits if individual sports are self-discipline and
mental focus. The more you practice, the better you can get,
and you’re the one who’s responsible for reaching your
goal.
 However, one primary disadvantage of individual sport is
that same responsibility -- if you take competitions
seriously and lose, you’re responsible -- and it can be hard
to push yourself to keep improving at times when you’re
only holding yourself accountable.
What are Dual Sports
 Compared to individual sports, there aren’t as many dual
sports out there -- but dual sports can take several different
forms. In one form of dual sports, a single athlete competes
against another single athlete; there’s no team, just two
athletes against each other in a one-on-one match. Dual
sports can also involve two athletes of the opposite team,
known as two on two.
Example: Benefits of Sports in Daily Life
 Chess  The benefits of sports in daily life are amazing. Many people
 Table Tennis are starting to be concerned about hteir health and one way
 Tennis that they do is engage themselves in different sport
 Badminton activities. If you want to have a healthy body you should
 Racquetball start by picking the right kinds of food to eat and of course
 Fencing it will be more effective if you will exercise too. However
 Beach Volleyball many people specially the older or more matured ones are
Benefits of Dual Sports too lazy to go to the gym to exercise. One good form of
 Encourage a lot of discipline exercise that will be more enjoyable and fun is by having a
 Utilizing analytical skills sport.
 Studying what’s needed in order to beat your opponent.
 Cooperation is extremely important in dual sports Stress Buster - a healthy mind in a healthy body might be a
cliched adage, but it is so because it is true. It is no surprise that
What are Team Sports since most sports usually involve exercise.
 As the name suggest, team sports involve a larger group of Health - regularly indulging in sports helps in keeping the
people working together and competing against another immune system strong, and hence, helps in preventing any kind
large group (or several). often the most popular sports to of disease from occurring. It also increases the appetite of the
play and the most entertaining to watch, team sports such person. Many diseases and disorders can be prevented through a
as football, basketball and baseball have large fan bases that variety of means. These include proper nutrition and adequate
cheer on their favorite squads. exercise.
 An individual or dual sport can cross over to a team sport. Self-confidence - when something is improving your health,
For example, when you’re playing tennis at the Olympics, making you physically fitter, earning you respect among people
you’re competing on an individual level. But your score also and generally making you feel better about yourself, it is safe to
contributes to your country’s team score as a whole. say that such a thing does a whole world.
Example: Decision-making - in sports, a person has to make quick
 Basktball decisions depending upon the situation that he is in. Thus a
 Volleyball person who is involved in sports is able to make wise and quick
 Football decisions in other areas of life as well.
 Baseball Teamwork - many popular sports like Cricket, kabaddi, soccer,
 Handball basketball, volleyball, hockey, etc., are played in teams. This
 Hockey inculcates values and skilla like leadership, communication, and
Benefit of Team Sports sacrifice. Not only does this benefit the person but also helps in
 The main benefit of team sports is teamwork developing a better teamwork.
 Working together encourages communication, problem Build Character - all sports have an outcome. One entity wins,
solving and putting aside your differences to reach the and the other loses. Winning and losing is a part of life. Sports
common goal, which is to win. inculcates this lesson in people. Some people glide along as long
 Friends as there are no hardships in life.
 Self confidence Source of Entertainment - sport is a major source of
entertainment with spectator sports drawing large crowds and
Some of the considerations that will guide an individual in reaching wider audiences through sports broadcasting.
their choice of sports include:
1. Weather extremities (hot or cold) for an outdoor sports
activity
2. Enjoyment derived from the activity
3. Previous activities tried and enjoyed
4. Financial capacity or budget. Activities like skating, golf, and
scuba diving require financial investment on equipment and
actual activity.
5. State of health and level of fitness. Demand of physical activity
may be excessive for the body, having a conditioning is
recommended.
6. Other alternative activities that will give motivation.

Ways to avoid sports injuries

 For all sports, achieving personal goals and claiming sweet
victory requires training hard and playing even harder. But
when athletes push themselves too hard, they risk injury
that can make them unable to play the game they love.
That’s why sports safety is so important.
Below are sports safety tips, to prevent sports injuries:
 Warm up before working out
 Wear safety equipment
 Cooldown and stretch after exercising
 Stay hydrated
 Don’t eat to much before the game
 Get enough rest
 Good weather condition