PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT: L3-6

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES

Infancy Trust vs Mistrust Feeding/ Comfort

(0 to 18 months)

Early Childhood Autonomy vs Shame Toilet Training/Dressing

(2 to 3) and Doubt

Preschool Initiative/Guilt Exploration/Play

(3 to 5)
School Age Industry vs Inferiority School/Activities
(6 to 11)

Adolescence Identity vs Role Confusion Social Relationships/

(12 to 18) Identity

Young Adult Intimacy vs Isolation Intimate Relationships

(19 to 40)
Challenges
Middle Adulthood Generativity vs Stagnation Work and Parenthood
(40 to 65)

Maturity Ego Identity vs. Despair Reflection of life

(65 to death)

o Are powerful life-changers. They can either destroy you or build you.

Brain Tracy
o Successful people are always looking for opportunities to help others ; while unsuccessful
people are always asking the questions ,'what is it for me ?'
Developmental Changes in the Middle and Late Adolescence

Physical
o 15-18 years of age - Females have almost completed the physical development
o 19-21 years of age - Females are fully developed

Identity/Self Concept
o 15-18 years of age - Sense of identity has not yet been established
o 19-21 years of age - Adolescents have firmer sense of identity though they continue to
explore about the self
Emotional Behavior
 o 15-18 years of age - Most adolescents are moody, sensitive, secretive, rebellious,
stubborn, and inconsistent
o 19-21 years of age - They slowly possess the ability to delay gratification

Social Attitude
o 15-18 years of age - There is a desire to be recognized, be liked, and gain success and
greatness in their endeavors.
o 19-21 years of age - They have increased and deeper capacity for caring others.

Peer relationship
o 15-18 years of age - They are eager to make new friends and friendship is “everything” to
them.
o 19-21 years of age - The peer group fades in importance and is replaced by a few good
and trusted friends.
Family relationship
o 15-18 years of age - As adolescents develop closed ties with their peer groups, the
relationship with their family deteriorates.
o 19-21 years of age - Conflicts with parents often decrease with age.

Romantic relationship
o 15-18 years of age - Early romantic relationships tend to be of short duration, usually just
a few months.
o 19-21 years of age - Serious intimate relationships begin to develop.

Sexual relationship
o 15-18 years of age - An adolescent begins to have increased interests about their own
sexual attractiveness.
o 19-21 years of age - They have clearer sexual identity.

Values/Morality
o 15-18 years of age - They begin to develop moral reasoning, honesty, and pro-social
attitudes such as helping, volunteerism, and caring for others.
o 19-21 years of age - Adolescents develop a more matured understanding of morality and
justice.
Stress
o Is defined as a reaction of the mind and body to a stimulus that disturbs the well-being

Dr. Lazarus
o Suggested the difference between eustress and distress

Eustress
o Refers to stress that leads to a positive response.

Distress
o Is an unpleasant emotion, feeling, thought, condition, or behavior
Dr. Michael Genovese
Clinical psychiatrist

o “Exciting or stressful events cause a chemical response in the body,”

Stress as Stimulus
o Stress is caused by situations that may life threatening or life changing

Stress as Response
o Your nervous system springs into action, releasing hormones that prepare you to either
fight or take off.
o Emergency Reaction

Stress as Relational
o Included emotional abuse, maternal behavior undermining adolescents' autonomy

Stressors
o Term used to denote those which cause stress.

Physical Appearance
o Certain changes in the physical features of an individual.

School/Academic Pressure
o Many adolescents often feel stressed about academic and extracurricular requirements

Family/Home
o Family issues may also bring about stress.

Social/Peer Pressures
o Pressures an adolescent gets from his/her friends or other teenagers.

Loss
o Loss of a loved one-a family member, relative, friend, breaking up, separation-also create
stress
Frustration
o Failure to reach goals or carry out plans result in stress.

Romantic Relationship
o Both having a boyfriend/girlfriend and not having one generate stress among teenagers.

Future
o Adolescents also think about their future, especially those in the late adolescence.

THE EFFECTS OF STRESS

Physical
o Stress increases the level of adrenaline and corticosterone in the body

Emotional
o Stressed individuals are prone to agitation, impatience, irritability, and moodiness

Cognitive
o The thoughts of stressed individuals are filled with worrying.

Behavioral
o Some stressed people lose appetite while others tend to overeat

Mental Health
o Is a level of psychological well-being, or an of mental disorder.

Carol Ryff
o Identified six features linked with optimal psychological functioning

Self Acceptance
o Refers to accepting oneself and putting up with one’s flaws, imperfections, and
weaknesses.
Personal Growth
o This refers to developing one’s personality and identity, cultivating abilities

Purpose In Life
o Capacity to envision one’s life

Environmental Mastery
o This aspect is basic and necessary to live a healthful life.

Autonomy
o Refers to independence, self-reliance, and the ability to think and decide for one’s self.

Positive Relations With Others

o This denotes the ability to build trusting relationship with other people.

Mental Health Disorders

o A mental health problem or disorder may interrupt the normal lives of people.

Depression
o Is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way
you think and how you act.
Anxiety Disorders
o Normal reaction to stress and can be beneficial in some situations.

Schizophrenia
o Serious mental disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally.

Eating Disorders
o Involve severe problems with your thoughts about food and your eating behaviors.

Developmental Disorders
o Disorders in brain development

Behavioral Disorder
o These are defects in the anticipated behavior of individuals