✓

✓
✓
𝑁1 = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑁2 = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑁3 = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑇1 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟
𝑇2 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟
𝑇3 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

𝑵𝟏 𝑻𝟐
𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐 = = (𝒊)
𝑵𝟐 𝑻𝟏
✓
𝑁1 = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑁2 = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑁3 = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑇1 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟
𝑇2 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟
𝑇3 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

𝑵𝟐 𝑻𝟑
𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐 = = (𝒊𝒊)
𝑵𝟑 𝑻𝟐
✓

𝑵𝟏 𝑵𝟐 𝑻𝟐 𝑻𝟑
𝒙 = 𝒙
𝑵𝟐 𝑵𝟑 𝑻𝟏 𝑻𝟐

𝑵𝟏 𝑻𝟑
=
𝑵𝟑 𝑻𝟏
𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒏 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏
𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐 = =
𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒓
𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒓
𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝑽𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 = =
𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒏 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏
✓
✓
✓
✓
𝑁1 = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟 1
𝑁2 , 𝑁3 … 𝑁6 = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑇1 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟 1
𝑇2 , 𝑇3 , … 𝑇6 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
✓

𝑵𝟏 𝑻𝟐
𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐 = = (𝒊)
𝑵𝟐 𝑻𝟏

𝑵𝟑 𝑻𝟒
𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐 = = (𝒊𝒊)
𝑵𝟒 𝑻𝟑

𝑵𝟓 𝑻𝟔
𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐 = = (𝒊𝒊𝒊)
𝑵𝟔 𝑻𝟓
✓

𝑵𝟏 𝑵𝟑 𝑵𝟓 𝑻𝟐 𝑻𝟒 𝑻𝟔
𝒙 𝒙 = 𝒙 𝒙
𝑵𝟐 𝑵𝟒 𝑵𝟔 𝑻𝟏 𝑻𝟑 𝑻𝟓

𝑵𝟏 𝑻𝟐 𝒙 𝑻𝟒 𝒙 𝑻𝟔
=
𝑵𝟔 𝑻𝟏 𝒙 𝑻𝟑 𝒙 𝑻𝟓
✓

𝑵𝟏 𝑻𝟐 𝒙 𝑻𝟒 𝒙 𝑻𝟔
=
𝑵𝟔 𝑻𝟏 𝒙 𝑻𝟑 𝒙 𝑻𝟓

𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒊𝒓𝒔𝒕 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒏 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒈𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒔
𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐 = =
𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒏 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔

𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔
𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 = =
𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒊𝒓𝒔𝒕 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒏 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒈𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒔
✓
✓
✓
𝑇1 = 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟 1
𝑟1 = 𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟 1
𝑁1 = 𝑠𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟 1

𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦,

𝑇2, 𝑇3 , 𝑇4 = 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠

𝑟2 , 𝑟3 , 𝑟4 = 𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑖 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠, 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑁2 , 𝑁3 , 𝑁4 = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠, 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑝𝑚
✓
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓
𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2, 𝑎𝑠 𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝑎𝑠 𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒

𝒓𝟏 + 𝒓𝟐 = 𝒓𝟑 + 𝒓𝟒 (𝒊)

𝐴𝑙𝑠𝑜, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑠

𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒, therefore, the number of teeth on each
gear is directly proportional to its circumference or radius.

𝑻𝟏 + 𝑻𝟐 = 𝑻𝟑 + 𝑻𝟒 (𝒊𝒊)
✓

𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒏 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒈𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒔

𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐 =
𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒏 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔

𝑵𝟏 𝑻𝟐 𝒙 𝑻𝟒
=
𝑵𝟒 𝑻𝟏 𝒙 𝑻𝟑

𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠: 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠,

𝑙𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠, 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑠, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑠 (𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒
and hour shafts are co-axial).
✓
✓

𝑂1

𝑂2 ,
 ✓

𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠: 𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒, 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠,

ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠, 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑦 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑠, 𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠, 𝑒𝑡𝑐.
✓

𝑇𝐴 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑛 𝐺𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝐴

𝑇𝐵 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑛 𝐺𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑏
✓
Step Conditions of Revolutions of elements
No. motion
Arm C Gear A Gear B
1 Arm A fixed 0 +1 𝑇𝐴
−
Gear 1 given +1 𝑇𝐵
revolution
2 Multiply by x 0 +x 𝑇𝐴
−𝑥 ×
𝑇𝐵
3 Add y revolutions to all +y x+y 𝑇𝐴
y−𝑥 ×
𝑇𝐵
elements
4 Total motion +y x+y 𝑇𝐴
y−𝑥 ×
𝑇𝐵

+ 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
− 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
𝑁𝐴 𝑇𝐵 𝑥 𝑇𝐷 𝑥 𝑇𝐹 50 𝑥 75 𝑥 65
= = = 18.75
𝑁𝐹 𝑇𝐴 𝑥 𝑇𝐶 𝑥 𝑇𝐸 20 𝑥 25 𝑥 26

𝑁𝐴 975
𝑁𝐹 = = = 52𝑟𝑝𝑚
18.75 18.75
Step Conditions of Revolutions of elements
No. motion
Arm C Gear A Gear B
1 fixed 0 +1 𝑇𝐴
−
Gear 1 given +1 𝑇𝐵
revolution
2 Multiply by x 0 +x 𝑇𝐴
−𝑥 ×
𝑇𝐵
3 Add y revolutions to all +y x+y 𝑇𝐴
y−𝑥 ×
𝑇𝐵
elements
4 Total motion +y x+y 𝑇𝐴
y−𝑥 ×
𝑇𝐵
𝑦 = +150𝑟𝑝𝑚.

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −𝑦 = −150𝑟𝑝𝑚

𝑇𝐴 36
𝑁𝐵 = 𝑦 − 𝑥 × = 150 − −150 × = +𝟐𝟕𝟎𝒓𝒑𝒎
𝑇𝐵 45
Step Conditions of Revolutions of elements
No. motion
Arm C Gear A Gear B
1 fixed 0 +1 𝑇𝐴
−
Gear 1 given +1 𝑇𝐵
revolution
2 Gear 1 given x revolutions 0 +x 𝑇𝐴
−𝑥 ×
(Multiply by x) 𝑇𝐵
3 Add y revolutions to all +y x+y 𝑇𝐴
y−𝑥 ×
𝑇𝐵
elements
4 Total motion +y x+y 𝑇𝐴
y−𝑥 ×
𝑇𝐵
𝑦 = +150𝑟𝑝𝑚.

𝑥 + 𝑦 = −300
𝑥 = −300 − 𝑦

𝑥 = −300 − 150 = −450𝑟𝑝𝑚

𝑇𝐴 36
𝑁𝐵 = 𝑦 − 𝑥 × = 150 − −450 × = +𝟓𝟏𝟎𝒓𝒑𝒎
𝑇𝐵 45