Grammar in Shot 2 (Teacher's Book)

GRAMMAR MODULE - LANGUAGE CENTER
Day Two
WEEK 1
“Parts of Speech”
A. Adjective
Adjective: Nouns with and without Articles
Articles are parts of adjectives. They include a, an, and the.
Look at the examples of articles below:
When I was in Yogyakarta, I bought an umbrella and a laptop.
The umbrella cost IDR 30.000, and the laptop cost IDR
9.000.000.
Articles are used before nouns. In the example above; however, the
word Yogyakarta does not have any articles. Meanwhile, laptop and
umbrella have an article. Why?
Because some nouns need articles and some other nouns don’t.
1. Nouns with Articles

Art. Usages Examples
Before a singular noun I have a watermelon. *
a beginning with a consonant
sound. (a noun in general) I have a watermelon. **
Before a singular noun I have an apple. ***

an beginning with a vowel
sound. (a noun in general) I have an apple. ****
I have a watermelon and an

Before a singular or plural
the apple. The watermelon and
noun. (a specified noun)
the apple are very delicious.
Note:
*The word watermelon starts with a consonant sound, so a is
used.
**The sentence doesn’t explain what kind of watermelon it is
and what it is like.
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***The word apple starts with a vowel sound, so an is used.

****The sentence doesn’t explain what kind of apple it is or what it
is like.
2. Nouns without Articles (No Article / Zero Article)
Art. Usages Examples
Before plural nouns. (nouns Smartphones cost an arm
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in general) and a leg.
Before uncountable nouns.
2 Water is good for our health.
(nouns in general)
3 Proper nouns I live in Kediri
She goes to school every day.

I have a new friend at college.
Which university did you go
to?
I’ll have a meeting after work.
I’d like to go home earlier.
He likes to have breakfast in
Specific nouns: bed.
school, college, university, They should put him in prison.
work, home, bed, prison, She spent a week in hospital.
hospital, church, breakfast, They go to church on Sunday.
4 lunch, dinner, spring, I have Nasi Pecel for breakfast.
summer, autumn, winter, I will call you after lunch.
Easter, Christmas, name of I’d like to have dinner.
brands or things: Panasonic, In summer I need less sleep
Dell, iPhone, etc. than in winter.
They will go on holiday next
spring.
I like to travel in autumn.
I get two weeks off school at
Easter.
He will go abroad after
Christmas.
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3. The Rules of Articles

a an the
Before consonant Before consonant Before vowel and consonant

sounds of singular sounds of singular sounds of singular, plural, and
nouns nouns specific nouns
I borrowed a book from a public library last week in Pare, Kampung

Inggris. The book was written by Albert Einstein. It took more than
an hour for me to finish reading the first chapter. Suddenly, a
stranger came up to me and asked for help in English. The stranger
spoke English very fluently, but I didn’t catch some words since he
had a heavy British accent, and I’m not good at British. We had a
brief chat. I asked a question about how he learns English. He
answered that he learned it in an English course in Pare that is well-
known as Language Center.
Exercise
Determine the articles of the following paragraphs. Use a, an, or the.
My enjoyable weekend
It was ___an enjoyable
weekend. On Sunday, I
came to a Car-Free Day
event in Pare with my
a delicious
friends. I ate ___
food called Pecel. There
were some games that
we could join. My friend,
a
Fino, asked me to join ___
drawing game since I’m
good at drawing. The an hour. Fortunately, I
___ game took less than ___
a The
played it very well and got ___ cute prize. ___ place was crowded.
There were a lot of people along the road.
an old friend. He is Purwo, my
On my way back home, I ran into ___
a
friend when I was ___ secondary school student. We dropped in ___ a
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bookstore on Brawijaya Street. He bought his favorite English

book. The
___ book contains English grammar lessons. I asked for his
suggestion about what book I could buy since I’m into ___ a literary
book. He suggested buying ___ a novel by Charles Dickens, A Tale of
Two Cities. The
___ novel tells the
___ story of the French Doctor Manette,
his 18-year-long imprisonment in the Bastille in Paris.
Before we ended our conversation, I asked for Purwo’s phone
number to keep in touch. I sometimes call my friend on WhatsApp,
an hour. I had ___
and we talk for ___ a great and enjoyable weekend.
Fun Activity
Play a game of snakes and ladders.
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Day Three
WEEK 1
B. Adjective: Word Order
I met a beautiful old lady.
I meet a beautiful old Lady

Subject verb adjective adjective adjective Noun
I met an old beautiful lady.
I meet an old beautiful Lady

Subject verb adjective adjective adjective Noun
There are three adjectives in the two sentences above: a/an,

beautiful, and old. In the first table, the adjectives are in the correct
order. In the second table, however, they are structurally incorrect.
1. The Rules of Adjective Orders

Here are the word orders in adjectives.
Limiting Adjective + Descriptive Adjective
a. Limiting Adjective (LA)

It includes Article, Demonstrative Adjective, Possessive
Adjective, Indefinite Quantity, and Number. They are usually
abbreviated as ADPIN.
Limiting Adjectives (LA) appear at the beginning. It is structured
as below:
1) Article: a, an, the.
2) Demonstrative Adjective: this, that, these, those.
3) Possessive Adjective: my…, your…, their…, our…, his…, her…, its…
4) Indefinite Quantity: many, much, few, little, some, every,
several, etc.
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5) Number
a) Cardinal number: one, two, three, etc.
b) Ordinal number: first, second, third, etc.
c) Fraction: a quarter, a half, two thirds, etc.
b. Descriptive Adjective (DA)

It includes the following points:
1) Character: kind, generous, shy, bossy, funny, arrogant,
spoiled, etc.
2) Quality: handsome, smart, amazing, skinny, interesting,
good, etc.
3) Size: large, wide, narrow, small, medium, big, tall, short, etc.
4) Age: young, old, new, ancient, antique, archaic, old-fashion,
etc.
5) Temperature: hot, cold, cool, scalding, warm, humid, freezing,
etc.
6) Shape: rectangular, square, triangular, circular, spherical,
oval, etc.
7) Color: black, white, green, pink, brownish, yellowish, reddish,
etc.
8) Nationality: Indonesian, German, Chinese, Western,
Japanese, etc.
Examples:
She would like to borrow his three new rectangular books.
She would like to borrow three his new rectangular books.
She would like to borrow his three rectangular new books.
My generous smart Indonesian friends can speak English well.

My generous Indonesian smart friends can speak English well.
My Indonesian generous smart friends can speak English well.
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Exercise
Determine whether the following adjective orders are correct (C) or
incorrect (IC). If they are incorrect, write the correct ones. If they are
correct, rewrite the sentence.
1. Joko took some antique large pens from the museum. ___ IC
2. Everyone in this forum wants to give all the challenging questions
IC
to me. ___
C
3. Reading interesting sports books is my favorite thing to do. ___
4. If I get paid today, I’ll go to a famous tourism place in Yogyakarta.
C
___
5. Syedzar is an Indonesian talented contestant in Indonesian Idol
IC
2023. ___
6. The lifeguard found a reddish strange thing on the beach. ___IC
7. My laptop has got some interesting features. ___ C
IC
8. This exercise contains long tricky questions. ___
9. I have no idea why my second account was hacked by the
C
authorities. ___
10. I was given a challenging new project by the company that should
be completed this month. ___ IC
Fun Activity
Play a game of adjective orders.
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Day Four
WEEK 1
C. Adverbs of Intensifier
Adverbs of intensifiers are adverbs that emphasize other adverbs
and adjectives.
1. Too (more than enough)
with adjective with adverb
too good too well
too expensive too fast
too slow too slowly
too exaggerated too quickly
too difficult too carefully
2. Enough (as much as we need or want)

with adjective
far enough good enough
warm enough beautiful enough
rich enough tall enough
fast enough qualified enough
small enough boring enough
Examples:
It is too difficult to understand.
They drive too slowly.
They are not qualified enough in the position
Exercise
Add an appropriate adverb to complete the following sentences. Use
too or enough.
too easy for me.
1. The examination is _____
too rapidly during the Government of John
2. Things are overpriced _____
Smiths.
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enough to know about this issue.
3. You are not mature _________
too carelessly.
4. You might have an accident if you ride the bike _____
enough
5. Johar couldn’t go to the beach since the weather was hot ________.
Make new words by adding too or enough. Then construct one

sentence for each number containing the words.
Example: fast → too fast: They run too fast.
1. Short The answer might be varied.
2. Knowledgeable The answer might be varied.
3. Hard The answer might be varied.
4. Famous The answer might be varied.
5. Ridiculous The answer might be varied.
D. Prepositions of Movement
Prepositions of movement are used when we are talking about
movement in the direction of a point, place, or position.
Examples:
The post office is across from the supermarket.
She jumped out of my car and ran across the road.
They walked into the garden.
You can go past the gas station if you want to visit the museum.
Below are prepositions of movement:
1. Into 1. 2. 3. 4.
2. Along
3. Up
4. Under
5. Through 5. 6. 7.
6. Past
7. Across
8. Down
9. Over
8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
10. Out of
11. From
12. To
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Exercise
Choose the best answer in a, b, and c to complete the following
sentences.
1. The bookstore is just _____ from the police sta on.
a.over b. across c.to d. into
2. They asked someone the way _____ the town center.

a.along b. from c. to d. out of
3. A lot of tourists walk _____ the beach.

a. Along b. out of c. through d. cross
4. He saw me drive _____ a blue light.

a. through b. past c. up d. down
5. The cyclist was riding his bike _____ the museum.

a.up b. along c. out of d. past
6. The staff got _____ the mee ng room.

a. to b. into c. from d. out of
7. She slid _____ the hill.

a.down b. under c. along d. across
8.
The crowd went _____ the mountain, not _____ the tunnel
a.to/through b. over/through c. over/into d. up/through
9. What me does the flight _____ Jakarta arrive?

a. to b. from c. past d. along
10. He followed her _____ the stairs to a large mee ng room.

a. down b. along c. up d. over
Fun Activity
Play a game of snakes and ladders.
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WEEKLY
WEEK 1 EXAMINATION 1
A. Choose one of the possible answers in a, b, c, or d to complete each
following sentence.
1. There are ___ short English speaking examinations this week.
a b. several c. these d. interesting
2. The meeting will be held in ___ small rooms.
a b. the c. an d. none of them
3. They usually wear ___ pricey hard-wearing sports equipment.
a. many b. a c. wooden d. some
4. My friend does not have ___ Facebook account.
a. a b. the c. an d. none of them
5. The ___ old Western golden old-fashioned building in this area is
Menara Suci.
a. white b. European c. second d. meeting
6. The accident was caused by people driving too ___ in bad
conditions.
a. fastly b. fast c. fasten d. fasting
7. Indonesian people will choose a knowledgeable ___ Javanese
president in 2024.
a. patient b. young c. humble d. wise
8. I do not think she’s experienced ___ for this sort of job.
a. too b. so c. really d. enough
9. A lot of undergraduates plan to study in ___ Japan two years later.
a. a b. the c. an d. none of them
10. My mother has not been ___ well recently.
a. too b. enough c. good d. goodly
B. Correct the errors in the following sentences!

1. Elon Musk takes control of the Twitter in $44bn deal.
Elon Musk takes control of the Twitter in $44bn deal.
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2. She told me it was brand new and I was enough stupid to believe
her.
She told me it was brand new and I was stupid enough to believe
her.
3. I have bought a rectangular small notebook.
I have bought a small rectangular notebook.
4. This dictionary is sold at IDR 100.000. That’s too expensively.
This dictionary is sold at IDR 100.000. That’s too expensive.
5. A Samsung has some new sophisticated features.
A Samsung has some new sophisticated features.
6. She studies at an university in Europe.
She studies at a university in Europe.
7. All the excited supporters gathered in the hall to watch the
incredible match.
The all excited supporters gathered in the hall to watch the
incredible match.
8. The old Sundanese arrogant man drove me crazy.
The arrogant old Sundanese man drove me crazy.
9. She received a honor for her services to the community.
She received an honor for her services to the community.
10. The weather in the hills can change enough quickly, so take
suitable clothing.
The weather in the hills can change quickly enough, so take
suitable clothing.
C. Match the two parts below to make sentences!

1. His words keep running ___g
2. h
The firm does a lot of successful business ___
3. Our friendly old Japanese ___j
4. c
I just bought a new pair of new shoes ___
5. e
She walks ___
6. b
I found some intensifying English adverb ___
7. i
This sudden offer ___
8. d
He is bad enough ___
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f
9. Was that Anggi who just jogged ___
a
10. The crowd along the street demonstrated ___
a. against the new proposals.

b. in the brand new yellow book.
c. The price was quite expensive.
d. but his friend is far worse.
e. over the window
f. past in those bright pink shorts?
g. through my head.
h. with overseas customers.
i. was too good to refuse.
j. neighbor talked to her mother on the phone.
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Day Six
WEEK 2
SEQUENCES OF TENSES
A. Present Perfect Tense (Since)

A present perfect tense is often used with since when talking about
situations that begin in the past and continue up to now. Look at the
examples below:
She has been an accountant since 2020.
Rudi has been in Language Center since February.
The students have been in the classroom since 9 o’clock.
Mr. Djoyo has known me since I was in secondary school.
I have met new friends since I came to Pare.
B. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present Perfect Continuous is a tense used to talk about an activity
that has happened in the past but is still going on now. For example:
I have been learning Grammar since seven o’clock.
Mr. Mike has been explaining the lesson for 60 minutes.
She has been living in Kediri since she was twenty.
1. The Rules of Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Positive Sentences: Negative Sentences:

I have been standing. I have not been standing.
You have been standing. You have not been standing.
They have been standing. They have not been standing.
We have been standing. We have not been standing.
He has been standing. He has not been standing.
She has been standing. She has not been standing.
It has been happening. It has not been happening.
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Interrogative Sentences:
have I been standing? has He been standing?
have You been standing? has She been standing?
have They been standing? has It been happening?
have We been standing?
2. Time expressions of Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Since
For Since + Particular point in time
All day For + Duration of time
Examples:
They have been standing in front of the building since seven
o’clock
Syedzar has been singing a song since I came in to his room*.
Wulan has been staying in Kampung Inggris for 4 months.
Indri and Rofiq have been studying Grammar for 2 hours.
The students have been in the class all day.
Note: * In the first example, there is a past simple tense after since.
It’s called as sequence of tenses. It will be explained in the next
chapter.
Exercise
Complete the following sentences with since or for.
1. Have they been watching the league since
_____ this morning?
2. I have been dreaming of working for the company _____since last year.
for
3. My friends have been reading a novel _____ more than three
hours.
4. He has been wondering about going to Kampung Inggris _____ since
he was 20.
5. My teacher has been teaching English _____for five years.
for an hour.
6. The staff have been discussing important issues _____
since
7. We have been talking about the case _____ last week.
for fifty minutes.
8. The police officer has been quizzing the kid _____
9. We have been learning Grammar since_____ they told me the
importance of it.
since an outbreak of COVID-19?
10. Have you been living there _____
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Day Seven
WEEK 2
SEQUENCES OF TENSES
C. Past Continuous Tense

Past Continuous Tense is used to talk about an activity that was
happening at a specific time in the past or when another activity
happened in the past. Look at the examples below:
I was memorizing vocabularies at nine o’clock last night.*
Astri and Eddo were reading a novel when their mother called
them.**
While they were reading a novel, their mother called them.***
Note:
*The underlined activity (the Present Continuous Tense) was
happening in a particular time in the past.
**The underlined activity (the Present Continuous Tense) was
happening when the other activity happened. In other words,
the first action began earlier and was still in progress when
the second action happened.
***The underlined activity (the Present Continuous Tense) was
happening at the same time as the other activity.
1. The Rules of Past Continuous Tense
Positive Sentences:
I was sleeping alone… . He was writing a poem… .
You were eating apples... . She was cleaning the floor… .
They were studying French… . It was happening… .
We were talking English… .
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Negative Sentences:
I was not sleeping alone… . He was not writing a poem… .
You were not eating apples... . She was not cleaning the floor… .
They were not studying French… . It was not happening… .
We were not talking English… .
Was I sleeping alone … .? Was he writing a poem … .?
Were you eating apples … .? Was she cleaning the floor … .?
Were they studying French … .? Was it happening… .?
Were we talking in English … .?
2. Common Expressions Used in Past Continuous Tense

When
While
A specific time in the past (at 9 o’clock last night, yesterday
afternoon, at 7 o’clock this morning, etc.)
Examples:
I was riding a bike when it began to rain.
When it began to rain, I was riding a bike.
She read a book while I was sleeping.
While I was sleeping, she read a book.
Mr. Djoyo was playing the piano last night at 7 o’clock.
Exercise
Change the verbs in parentheses into Verb 2 or Verb ing!
1. I was sleeping(sleep) when my mother opened the door.
__________
2. The thief was
__________
jumping(jump) over the gate at this time tomorrow.
didn’t find (not find) the exit, he __________
3. When the traveler __________ was trying (try)
to find a shortcut.
was conducting (conduct) some fascinating research at
4. Fahry _______________
Islamic University of Yogyakarta yesterday at noon.
was celebrating (celebrate) their graduation
5. Khoyri and his friends ______________
ceremony at this time last year.
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6. Eddy ____had (have) an online class while his friends _____________

were listening
(listen) to music.
escaped (escape), the neighbors __________
7. When the thief __________ are asking (ask)
for help.
8. I was thingking (think) about you at this time last night.
____________
were waiting (wait) for you when the weather was bad.
9. We ____________
was studying (study) English grammar, my father suddenly
10. While I ____________
called me
D. Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Tense is used to talk about an activity that was complete
before another activity happened in the past. Look at the situations
below:
Aziz came home at 6.00 a.m.
Eddy had woken up when Aziz
Eddy woke up at 5.30 a.m. came home.
Verbal Sentences

I had slept …. I had not slept ….
You had eaten apples... . You had not eaten apples... .
They had studied French… . They had not studied French… .
We had talked English… . We had not talked English… .
He had written a poem … . He had not written a poem … .
She had cleaned the floor… . She had not cleaned the floor… .
It had happened … . It had not happened … .
Had I slept alone … .? Had he written a poem … .?
Had you eaten apples … .? Had she cleaned the floor … .?
Had they studied French … .? Had it happened … .?
Had we talked in English … .?
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Nominal Sentences

I had been to the USA … . I had not been to the USA.
You had been there … . You had not been there.
They had been a teacher … . They had not been a teacher.
We had been the advisers … . We had not been the advisors.
He had been ready … . He had not been ready.
She had been arrogant … . She had not been arrogant.
It had been suitable … . It had not been suitable.
Had I been to the USA? Had he been ready?
Had you been there? Had she been arrogant?
Had they been a teacher? Had it been suitable?
Had we been the advisers?
2. Common Expressions Used in Past Perfect Tense

When
After
Before
By the time
Already
Examples:
I had eaten when you asked me to go.
After she had bought the book, the seller gave a discount.
After she bought the book, the seller gave a discount.*
I had slept before the rain came.
By the time the earthquake hit the area, I had already told the
people to escape.
Note:
* Past Perfect is often not used when it’s followed by either
after or before.
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Exercise
Change the verbs in parentheses into Verb 2 or Verb ing!
1. When my brother __________ arrived had gone (go).
(arrive), the guest __________
was had been
2. By the time I __________ (be) 19, I __________ (be) to European
countries.
3. I __________
changed (change) the verbs after the teacher __________had instructed /
instructed
__________(instruct) me.
4. The man __________
finished (finish) the task before his colleague
_________________
had invited/ invited (invite) him to attend the internal meeting.
had given (give) scholarship to people by the
5. Language Center __________
spread
time COVID-19 __________ (spread) across Indonesia.
had planned (plan) to go to the hospital when the
6. No one ____________
hit
outbreak __________ (hit) the village.
7. After the host ___________________
had opened / opened (open) the empty room, a lot of
snakes suddenly __________
came out (come out) of it.
had come / came (come), strange things
8. Before the disaster _______________
appeared
__________ (appear) over the city.
9. He _____already_________
had graduate (graduate) already from a state
passed away (pass
university in Bandung by the time his father ____________
away).
10. My father __________
had known (know) what happened when the voice
__________
was (be) faded away.
E. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used to emphasize the duration of
an activity that had happened in the past but was still in progress
before another activity occurred. Look at the situations below:
From 7 o’clock until 9 o’clock, I tried to find my book.
At 9 o’clock, I found the key under the couch.
Then you say:
I found my key. I had been trying to find it for two hours.
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Positive Sentences:
I had been singing a song … . He had been sleeping ….
You had been calling me … . She had been learning Thai … .
They had been watching TV … . It had been happening … .
We had been playing ….
Negative Sentences:
I had not been singing a song … . He had not been sleeping ….
You had not been calling me … . She had not been learning Thai … .
They had not been watching TV … . It had not been happening … .
We had not been playing ….
Had I been singing a song … .? Had He been sleeping … .?
Had You been calling me … .? Had She been learning Thai … .?
Had They been watching TV … .? Had It been happening … .?
Had We been playing … .?
2. Common Expressions Used in Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Since
(1) From 7 o’clock until 9 o’clock I tried to find my book.
(2) At 9 o’clock I came across the key under the couch.

I found my key. I had been trying to find it since 7 o’clock.
For
(1) From 7 o’clock until 9 o’clock I tried to find my book.
(2) At 9 o’clock I came across the key under the couch.

I found my key. I had been trying to find it for two hours.
When
When I came into the room, her eyes were red because she
had been crying.
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Exercise
Look at the situation below. Complete the following sentences by
using the appropriate verbs provided in the box. Change the verbs
into the forms of past perfect continuous.
talk wait for prepare record sit

eat watch perform look for cry
Situation: Mr. Dan was invited to attend his students' farewell
party. He came late to the party since he forgot what time it began.
When he arrived at the farewell party, …
had been performing a
1. He saw Dave and Jessie, his students, __________________
traditional drama.
had been crying because they were sad.
2. Some of the students ______________
had been waiting for Mr. Dan.
3. The committee ___________________
had been eating the dish while watching the
4. Joe, Mr. Dave’s friend, ______________
performance.
5. Mirza __________________
had been looking for Dave and Jessie because he would
perform his skill in playing guitar after their performance.
had been talking to her mother on the phone.
6. Laura _______________
7. The all guests _________________
had been watching Dave and Jessie since the
performance was amazing.
8. Susan, one of the guests, _________________
had been recording the performance on
video because she would upload it on Instagram.
9. The all guests ______________
had been sitting in front of the gate.
10. Mirza _________________
had been preparing for his performance.
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Day Eight
WEEK 2
SEQUENCES OF TENSES
F. Future Continuous Tense

Future Continuous Tense is used to talk about an activity that will be
in progress at a certain time in the future. Look at the situations in the
examples below:
Tono will eat Bakso at 6 o’clock.
I will call Tono at 6.05.
Tono will be eating Bakso when I call him.
Tomorrow morning, I will do my homework in the library.
This time tomorrow morning, I will be doing my homework in
the library.*
1. The Rules of Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Positive Sentences:
I will be studying English … . He will be teaching ESL there … .
You will be singing a song … . She will be going on vacation … .
They will be living in Canada … . It will be happening … .
We will be working there … .
Negative Sentences:
I will not be studying English … . He will not be teaching ESL there … .
You will not be singing a song … . She will not be going on vacation … .
They will not be living in Canada … . It will not be happening … .
We will not be working there … .
Will I be studying English … .? Will He be teaching ESL there … .?
Will You be singing a song … .? Will She be going on vacation … .?
Will They be living in Canada … .? Will It be happening … .?
Will We be working there … .?
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2. Time expressions of Future Continuous Tense

Tomorrow at eight o’clock
When
At this time next year
By this time next week
Examples:
I will be staying in the hotel tomorrow at eight o’clock.
She will be having breakfast when her mother comes.
(She will have breakfast at 7 tomorrow, and her mother will
come at 7.05)
I will be studying at Cambridge University at this time next year.
By this time next week, we will be enjoying our vacation in Bali.
Exercise
Change the verbs in parentheses into future continuous tense.
1. A : Let me know if you are set to go.
B : I will
____________
be calling (call) you when I arrive there.
2. A : Don’t send any messages to the manager at noon tomorrow.

B : Why not?
will be having (have) an internal meeting.
A : He ____________
3. A : I want to go on holiday next week. Do you want to come
along?
B : I’d love to, but I don’t think that I can come along with you. My
family will be celebrating (celebrate) my brother’s birthday.
_______________
4. A : Can you accompany me to the dentist next month?
B : I’m sorry I can’t. I will be going(go) abroad at this time next
__________
month.
5. A : Do you know that Mr. President will come to this city next
week?
B : Yes, I do. He will be visiting (visit) the oldest museum in this city.
____________
6. A : I will
___________
be taking (take) the TOEFL test tomorrow at 7 o’clock.
B : So you have to prepare for the test well.
7. A : When will you pay back the money?
will be giving (give) me some money
B : Don’t worry. My mother ____________
when I go back home at the end of this month, then I will pay
that back.
24
8. A : You bought a plane ticket. Are you planning to go

somewhere?
will be graduating (graduate) from Oxford
B : Yes, I am. My son ________________
University by this time next month, so I have to come to the
ceremonial graduation.
9. A : I need to ask the general manager about this project.
B : She will be clarifying (clarify) the details to you when you are at
______________
work.
10. A : When do you leave for Kampung Inggris?
will be thinking
B : Next week. Just think! Two weeks from now I ______________
(think) about my best friends here.
G. Future Perfect Tense

Future Perfect Tense is used to talk about an activity that will be done
before another activity happens in the future. In other words, it
makes a prediction of completion from a future time. Look at the
situations below:
I will arrive at 7 o’clock.
I will meet my extended family at 8 o’clock.
By the time I meet my extended family, I will have arrived.
1. The Rules of Future Perfect Tense
Verbal Sentences
Positive Sentences:
I will have studied English … . He will have written a poem … .
You will have told you a story … . She will have visited the UK … .
They will have lived in Canada … . It will have happened … .
We will have worked there … .
Negative Sentences:
I will not have studied English … . He will not have written a poem … .
You will not have told you a story … . She will not have visited the UK … .
They will not have lived in Canada … . It will not have happened … .
We will not have worked there … .
25
Will I have studied English … .? Will He have written a poem … .?
Will You have told you a story … .? Will She have visited the UK … .?
Will They have lived in Canada … .? Will It have happened … .?
Will We have worked there … .?
Nominal Sentences
Positive Sentences:
I will have been a teacher … . He will have been friendly … .
You will have been the leader … . She will have been humble … .
They will have been in Canada … . It will have been better … .
We will have been there … .
Negative Sentences:
I will not have been a teacher … . He will not have been friendly … .
You will not have been the leader … . She will not have been humble … .
They will not have been in Canada … . It will not have been better … .
We will not have been there … .
Will I have been a teacher … .? Will He have been friendly … .?
Will You have been the leader … .? Will She have been humble … .?
Will They have been in Canada … .? Will It have been better … .?
Will We have been there … .?
2. Time expressions of Future Continuous Tense

By the time + sentence…
By the time I get there, …
By this time + adverb of future time…
By this time next month, …
By 5 p.m.
By next month
By the end of next year
When
26
Examples:
a. We will have gone to Kediri by the time you give us the prize.
b. Tika will have arrived by this time tomorrow.
c. I will have told you about the story by 5 p.m.
d. Will you have come to my house by next week?
e. They will have taken the test by next month.
f. Will you have arrived at the station when I transfer the money?
g. Situation A: He will study English at Language Center in
August.
Situation B: He will apply for a scholarship in December.
→ By the time he applies for scholarship, he will have studied
English atLanguage Center.
h. Situation A: I will call you tomorrow. (at 7 a.m.)
Situation B: __________________. (at noon)
→ I will have called you by this time tomorrow. (at noon)
I. Teddy will have a quick meal tonight. (at 8 p.m.)
____________________________ (at 9 p.m.)
→ Teddy will have had a quick meal by this time tonight (at 9
p.m.).
Exercise 1
Make a new sentence based on the given situations. Use future
perfect tense and time expression by the time.
Examples:
Situation: My journal will be published in April.
I will graduate from Lehigh University in February
→By the time my journal is published, I will have
graduated from Lehigh University.
1. Situation: Fida will ask me round for dinner at 6 p.m.

I will take a bath at 4 p.m.
→By the time Fida asks me round for dinner, I will have taken a
bath.
OR I will have taken a bath by the time Fida asks me round for
dinner.
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2. Situation: The lecturer will give homework to the students in the

afternoon.
The students will understand the subject very well at
noon.
→The students will have understood the subject very well by the
time the lecturer gives homework to the students (/to them).
OR By the time the lecturer gives homework to the students,
the students (/they) will have understood the subject very well.
3. Situation: The staff will have a meeting at 9 a.m.

They (the staff) will have breakfast together 8 a.m.
→By the time they (the staff) have a meeting, they (the staff) will
have had breakfast together.
OR The staff will have had breakfast together by the time they
(the staff) have a meeting.
4. Situation: I will go to Bali next week.
My parents will give me a new smartphone this week.
→My parents will have given me a new smartphone by the time I
go to Bali.
OR By the time I go to Bali, my parents will have given me a
new smartphone.
5. Situation: Indonesia will celebrate its independence day on
August 17th .
The people will hold some traditional games on
August 18th .
→Indonesia will have celebrated its independence day by the
time the people hold some traditional games.
OR By the time the people hold some traditional games,
Indonesia will have celebrated its independence day.
Exercise 2
Make a new sentence by answering the provided question and
the key word in parentheses. Use future perfect tense and time
expressions like when, by, or by this time.
28
Examples:
Situation: Farel will eat some bread for breakfast at 6 a.m.
Question: When will Farel have eaten some bread for breakfast? (7
a.m.)
→ Farel will have eaten some bread for breakfast by 7 a.m.
Situation: Fachry will make a YouTube channel on February 15th.
Question: When will Fachry have made a YouTube channel?
(February)
→ Fachry will have made a YouTube channel by the end of
February
1. Situation: Eddy will get a scholarship to Cambridge in December
this year.
Question: When will Eddy have got a scholarship to Cambridge?
(next year)
→ Eddy will have got a scholarship to Cambridge by next year/by
the end of this year.
2. Situation: Anas will buy a pair of trousers tonight.
Question: When will Anas have bought a pair of trousers?
(tomorrow)
→ Anas will have bought a pair of trousers by tomorrow.
3. Situation: Nara will have a half-hour swimming lesson at the end

of March.
Question: When will Nara have had a half-hour swimming
lesson? (April)
→ Nara will have had a half-hour swimming lesson by April.
4. Situation: Johar will learn Arabic when he graduates from an

Islamic school.
Question: When will Johar have learned Arabic? (graduate from)
→ Johar will have learned Arabic when he graduates from an
Islamic
5. Situation: Hilmi will win a science contest next month.
Question: What will have happened to Hilmi by this time next
→ Hilmi will have won a science contest by this time next month.
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Day Nine
WEEK 2
SEQUENCES OF TENSES
H. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Future Perfect Continuous Tense is used to emphasize the duration
of an activity that will be in progress before another activity occurs in
the future. Look at the situations below:
I will have breakfast at 7 o’clock.
Fata will call me at 7.10.
→I will have been having breakfast for ten minutes by the time Fata
calls me.
Kheyra will meet Andin at 11.30.
I will look for them at noon.
→ When Nara looks for Kheyra and Andin, Kheyra will have been
meeting Andin for thirty minutes.
OR
→ Kheyra will have been meeting Andin for thirty minutes when I
look for Kheyra.
1. The Rules of Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Positive Sentences:
I will have been living there … .
You will have been eating noodles … .
They will have been working in Canada … .
We will have been sleeping in the hotel … .
He will have been performing a traditional dance … .
She will have been studying at Oxford University … .
It will have been happening … .
30
Negative Sentences:
I will not have been living there … .
You will not have been eating noodles … .
They will not have been working in Canada … .
We will not have been sleeping in the hotel … .
He will not have been performing a traditional dance … .
She will not have been studying at Oxford University … .
It will not have been happening … .
Will I have been living there … .?
Will You have been eating noodles … .?
Will They have been working in Canada … .?
Will We have been sleeping in the hotel … .?
Will He have been performing a traditional dance … .?
Will She have been studying at Oxford University … .?
Will It have been happening … .?
2. Time expressions of Future Perfect Continuous Tense

When + sentence
For + duration
By the time + sentence…
By 2022
Examples:
I will have been driving a car when you come to my house.
Farel will have been studying in a state school for two years by
2022.
Johar will have been doing his homework for one hour by the
time his father comes home.
31
Exercise:
Make a new sentence based on the given situations. Use future
perfect continuous tense.
Examples:
Situation: The researcher will stay in the coastal area in October.
He will conduct scientific research in December.
→The researcher will have been staying in the coastal area
for two months when he conducts scientific research.
Situation: Eddy will teach English in Kampung Inggris in November.
He will study French with his friends in October.
→He will have been studying French by the time he
teaches English in Kampung Inggris.
1. Situation: The beggar will sit in front of the door at 10.
The police officer will patrol along the building at 10.30.
→ The beggar will have been sitting in front of the door for thirty
minutes when the police officer patrols along the building.
→ The beggar will have been sitting in front of the door for thirty
minutes by the time the police officer patrols along the
building.
2. Situation: I will paint the wall at 11 a.m. for two hours.
My mom will come home at no
→ I will have been painting the wall when my mom comes home.
school.
3. Situation: COVID-19 pandemic will spread in all parts of the world
in 2019 for more than 2 years.
Indonesia will hold a general election in 2020.
→ COVID-19 pandemic will have been spreading in all parts of the
world when Indonesia holds a general election.
4. Situation: My brother will listen to music at 9 p.m.
I will sleep at 8 p.m.
→ I will have been sleeping for one hour when my brother listens
to music.
→ I will have been sleeping for one hour by the time my brother
listens to music.
32
5. Situation: The crowd will wait for the celebrities in front of the
gate this afternoon.
The celebrities will arrive tonight.
→ The crowd will have been waiting for the celebrities in front of
the Gate when the celebrities arrive.
→ The crowd will have been waiting for the celebrities in front of
the gate by the time the celebrities arrive.
6. Situation: The staff will conduct a presentation at two.
The manager will finish the new project at two fifteen.
→ The staff will have been conducting a thirty-minute
presentation when the manager finishes the new project.
7. Situation: They will watch a horror movie at midnight.
The electricity will be off after midnight.
→ They will have been watching a horror movie when the
electricity is off.
8. Situation: The author will write a novel in December. It takes 3
months.
He (the author) will attend a wedding party in
Yogyakarta in January.
→ The author will have been writing a novel when he attends a
wedding party in Yogyakarta.
9. Situation: The cottager will wash his clothes at seven.
The weather will be hot at seven twenty.
→ The cottager will have been washing his clothes when the
weather is hot.
10. Situation: The chairman will have a periodic meeting at 9.
The participants will submit their tasks to the
chairman during the meeting.
→ The chairman will have been having a periodic meeting when
the participants submit their tasks to the chairman (/to him).
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I. Review Tenses
Exercise 1
Underline the present perfect continuous, the past continuous, the
past perfect, the past perfect continuous, the future continuous, the
future perfect, and the future perfect continuous tense in the
following passage.
Facts about Yudha Putra Negara

Yudha Putra Negara, a student at the University of Indonesia
with a bachelor’s degree in English literature, is a Javanese poet. He
likes writing a poem and a novel. He has a strong religious
upbringing since his mother, Rini Candramaya, is a religion teacher.
He loves his parents a lot. His father, Sultan Yudha Mangunkusumo, is
a successful local businessman. He has been running his own
business since he was a teenager. Sultan always supports Yudha to
be consistent in writing. Thus, he has published three books since he
was a high school student.
Yudha will be entering a scientific writing competition when his
fourth book comes out, because he is a good writer. He is highly
motivated to be a participant in the competition. He remembers that
when his parents were giving him motivational words, he bitterly
wept. Therefore, he wants to do his best and see his parents swell
with pride. He once said that he would write a nonfiction story, but
something had stopped him before he gave it a try, whereas he had
been thinking about the plot and the theme for two months before it
failed.
As a twenty-year-old boy, Yudha still has a long life journey to travel.
By the end of next year, he will have graduated from the University of
Indonesia. Apparently, he will study for a Master’s Degree in Literary
Studies in Turkey following his graduation. In other words, by the
time he completes his master's degree, he will have been living in the
transcontinental country. Becoming a talented poet induced him to
take the major in Turkey.
34
Answers:
1. He has been running his own business (Present Perfect
Continuous)
2. Yudha will be entering a scientific writing competition (Future
Continuous)
3. His parents were giving him motivational words (Past
Continuous)
4. Something had stopped him (Past Perfect)
5. He had been thinking about the plot and the theme (Past Perfect
Continuous)
6. He will have graduated from the University of Indonesia (Future
Perfect)
7. He will have been living in the transcontinental country (Future
Perfect Continuous)
Exercise 2
Reform the following sentence into tenses which are learnt this
week.
The survivors stay in the evacuation area.

1. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
The survivors have been staying in the evacuation area.
2. Past Continuous Tense
The survivors were staying in the evacuation area.
3. Past Perfect Tense
The survivors had stayed in the evacuation area.
4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
The survivors had been staying in the evacuation area.
5. Future Continuous Tense
The survivors will be staying in the evacuation area.
6. Future Perfect Tense
The survivors will have stayed in the evacuation area.
7. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
The survivors will have been staying in the evacuation area.
35
WEEKLY
A. Choose one of the possible answers in a, b, c, or d to complete each
following sentence.
1. The parliamentarians have been conducting a conference ___
eight o’clock this morning.
a. for b. since c. when d. at
2. Mela ___ drinking milk when her mother walked into the kitchen.
a. has been b. are c. had been d. had
3. Novri had been thinking about his next career ___ five minutes
before he finally came out of the room.
a. since b. for c. before d. by the time
4. Anggi ___ arrived at the station by this time next week.
a. will b. have been c. have d. will have
5. The baby was crying ___ I came into the room.
a. when b. since c. for d. while
6. By 2028, Rifki ___living in London for one year.
a. will have been b. is c. has been d. will
Rizki and his friends ___ playing football in that field on Thursday
7. afternoon next week.
a. will be b. had been c. were d. have been
8. ___ Soekmawati died, her duaghter had already married to a
Javanese man.
a. because b. for c. already d. by the time
9. Who will be waiting for Firman at the airport ___ ?
a. just now b. now c. yesterday d. tonight at 8 o’clock
10. When the old lady got into the room, the baby ___ in the next
room.
a. cried b. was crying c. is crying d. is
36
B. Match the two parts below to make sentences and decide what
tense that belongs!
e
1. I have been writing articles ___
2. She will have worked for 6 months ___g
3. Before Ilma traveled around the USA, ___d
4. Everything was wet. ___ i
5. Hanum was cutting the grass ___ h
f
6. I will have been reading the poetry for 5 minutes ___
7. He had been working on his essay ___ j
8. By this time next month, ___a
9. They have been doing ___ b
c
10. Nailul didn’t want to go home ___
a. I’ll be going on vacation with my family.

b. their homework for 2 hours.
c. because she had been staying in Pare for one year.
d. she had already come to Paris.
e. on different topic since this afternoon.
f. by 12 o’clock tomorrow.
g. by the time she resigns from the company.
h. when the snake appeared.
I. It had been raining for hours.
j. for two hours the night before he was tired.
C. Determine whether the following sentences are correct (C) or

incorrect (IC)!
1. Language Center is a great English course located in the
Kampung Inggris. C
2. She had known the news before you post the information on
Twitter. IC | posted
3. The newest version of this dress is sold in every fancy out of town
shopping center. C
4. They were waiting for me yesterday before I call her. IC | called
5. German is the language of the Germany, the Austria, and parts of
Switzerland. IC | without Article
37
6. We spent our exhausting weekend by doing a demanding time-

consuming job. C
7. My nephew will have been working in a new company for two
months at this time next year. C
8. We are smart enough to deal with controversial some
information on social media. IC | some controversial
9. The scientist will have conducted the research by the time the
research result is found. C
10. Sutomo has been painting the wall for two hours since his friend
came. C
11. I will have taught a lot of people from different cities since I live in
Kediri. IC | by the time/when
12. Those questions are too difficult for the newbies unskilled. IC |
unskilled newbies
13. We will be discussing about the new issue in our meeting
tomorrow at lunchtime. C
14. The people in the hall have been gathering all day since the
president came. C
15. She will have been working in Jakarta for two years last month. IC
| by next month
38
Day Eleven
WEEK 3
SIMILAR EXPRESSION OF MODALS
Similar expression of modals (SEoM) or phrasal modals are modal verbs
that have more than one word (be able to, be allowed to, be going to,
be supposed to, have to). They also come before infinitives and have
the same meanings as modal verbs. You use SEoM to replace the modal
verbs in certain situations. Here are some kinds of SEoM:
a. can/could—be able to,
b. may/might—be allowed to,
c. will/would—be going to,
d. should—be supposed to, and
e. must—have to.
1. The Rules of SEoM

There are some rules to follow when using SEoM in sentences.
a. I, you, we, they, she, he, it + SEoM
Be: to be
Present : am (I), is (she, he, it), are (you, we, they)
Past : was (I, she, he, it), were (you, we, they)
Have to
Present : have to (I, you, we, they), has to (she, he, it)
Past : had to (I, you, we, they, she, he, it)
× Joni be able to go now. (Incorrect) à Joni is able to go now.
× I am allowed to visit him last night. (Incorrect) àI was allowed to
visit him last night.
× Sella have to keep her promise. (Incorrect) à Sella has to keep
her promise.
39
b. SEoM + V1
× He is able to rides a bike. (Incorrect) à He is able to ride a bike.
× She was going to cancelled the meeting. (Incorrect) à She was
going to cancel the meeting.
× They have to reporting it soon. (Incorrect) à They have to report
it soon.
× Ari is supposed to gone there alone. (Incorrect)àAri is supposed
to go there alone.
c. Verbs and SEoM
× I want to can play an instrument. (Incorrect) à I want to be able
to play an instrument.
× She hopes to can join the event. (Incorrect) à She hopes to be
able to join the event.
d. SEoM + SEoM
2 modals cannot meet, but 2 SEoMs or modal + SEoM can.
× He should can finish the project on time. (Incorrect) à
He should be able to finish the project on time. Or
He is supposed to be able to finish the project on time.
× I have to can drive a car. (Incorrect) àI have to be able to drive a
car.
e. Be + not except have to

× She was able to not close the door yesterday. (Incorrect)à She
was not able to close the door yesterday.
× You have not to leave now. (Incorrect) àYou don’t have to leave
now.
Fun Activity
Play a sentence set in pairs or groups.
40
Exercise 1
Complete the blanks using modals in the bracket. Change into SEoM
if it’s necessary.
1. Ira wants to (be able to) speak Japanese fluently. (can)
2. He (should) be going to participate in that event. (should)
3. We must (be able to) submit this project before its deadline. (can)
4. Jane hopes to (be allowed to) stay over for tonight. (may)
5. They (won’t) be able to get our tickets. (will not)
6. Does she want to (be allowed to) to take days off? (may)
7. Jono should (be going to) send me some gifts. (will)
8. I had to (be able to)fix the leak in my room last night. (can)
9. Did you (have to) call me that time yesterday? (must)
10. She shouldn’t (be allowed to) go out after 10. (may)
Exercise 2
Make a sentence using the words in each number.
1. should / will / go
We should be going to go to the museum a bit earlier today.
2. not / want to / can / cook
I don’t want to be able to cook something spicy.
3. should / not / may / stay up
She should not be allowed to stay up late every week.
4. will / not / can / receive
Jane won’t be able to receive her package on time this week
because of a bad weather in the city.
5. hope to / can / come
My mom hopes to be able to come to my cousin’s wedding next
week.
Fun Activity
Play a two-modal card into pairs.
Fun Activity
Play the “Correction” game.
41
Day Twelve
WEEK 3
MODALS OF PROBABILITY
Modals of probability are modal verbs that are used to express the
possibility of something. The common modal verbs used are may and
might. Both of them can be used in present or future situations.
Furthermore, will + adverb of probability can be used to express the
possibility of something happening in both present and future
situations.
Examples:
× You might be late. (Present use)
× I will probably come tomorrow night. (Future use)
A. may and might

In talking about possibility, may and might have the meaning of
“maybe will.” They refer to present and future situations. For
example,
× I might have some money in my jacket. (Present use—Maybe I
will have some money in my jacket.)
× They may visit you next week. (Future use—Maybe they will visit
you next week.)
There are some rules to follow when using may and might in
sentences.
a. I, you, we, they, she, he, it + may/might
× She may stay over tonight.

× You might throw away those old DVDs.
b. may/might + V1
× He might bring all the documents.

× We may gather in the hall tonight.
42
c. may/might + not to make negative forms
× He might not join the conference.

× They may not be brave.
NB: It’s not common to have may/might in question forms.
d. To form the past sentences, use this pattern:

may/might + have + past participle (V3)
× Sella might have gone to Pare to learn English.

× They may have stayed at home yesterday.
Exercise 1
Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
may be busy might be on First Avenue
may have one might not come
may be still in the washing machine might know
may be from Surabaya might be Ari’s
may get some coupons might be working in the lab
1. A: Do you know where the bus station is?

B: I’m not sure. It (might be on First Avenue).
2. A: Whose laptop is on the desk?
B: I don’t know. I’ll ask Anna. She (might know).
3. A: I have called Joko several times, but I can’t reach him.
B: He (might be working in the lab).
4. A: Where does she come from?
B: I’m not sure. She (may be from Surabaya).
5. A: Is there anyone who has the key to that room?
B: Ira (may have one), but I’m not sure.
6. A: Why is Jono still here?
B: He (might not come) to the party.
43
7. A: I think your sister is always in her room during weekends.

B: She (may be busy) with her project.
8. A: Mom, where is my jacket? I can’t find it.
B: I don’t know. It (may be still in the washing machine).
9. A: Whose novel is that?
B: It’s not mine. It (might be Ari’s).
10. A: What gift will I get from the competition?
B: I am not sure. You (may get some coupons).
Exercise 2 (Sample Answer)

Write down one possible statement from the prompts below.
1. Dian is late for the meeting.
She might revise some points in her presentation.
2. I see that Ira looks happy today.
She may get good news from her parents.
3. Oh no! The printer doesn’t work well.
It might need a service.
4. I heard the police visited our neighborhood last night.
They may just patrol our area.
5. Joko took a French course last week.
He may want to continue his study here.
Fun Activity
Do the activity “Day Trip.”
B. will + adverb of probability

The use of will or won’t with different adverbs of probability can show
the possibility of something happening in the future.
For example,
× I’ll possibly visit you tomorrow.
× I’ll probably visit you tomorrow.
× I’ll definitely visit you tomorrow.
× I’ll certainly visit you tomorrow.
44
Based on its form, will / ’ll comes before the adverb, while won’t
comes after the adverb.
× I’ll probably come to your celebration.
× I probably won’t come to your celebration.
Fun Activity
Practice the activity “The Realms of Possibility.”
45
Day Thirteen
WEEK 3
PASSIVE VOICE
Look at these two sentences!
× Rio bakes some cookies.
× Some cookies are baked by Rio.
From the sentences above, we know that there are two types of voice
in English. Voice is a relationship between a subject and a verb.
Û Active voice: The subject does an action. (The first sentence.)
Û Passive voice: The subject receives an action. (The second
sentence.)
There are some conditions when passive voice is used in sentences,
such as,
a. Emphasize the action—The winners were announced by the
committee last night.
b. No agent/subject—Her wallet and handphone were stolen.
c. The agent is not important—The electricity bill is paid monthly.
d. It is scientific or formal writing—This book is written to report the
results of the research on biotechnology.
1. Forming the passive voice

Passive voice is easily recognized from the pattern.
Subject + auxiliary verb (to be) + past by agent (optional)
participle (V3)
The rooms are cleaned every week.
She is being called by her father.
46
In the present time, the auxiliary verbs used are:

am are is
I you, we, they she, he, it
Put "being" after to be if it's in the present continuous. For example, I

am being followed.
In forming the passive from the active voice, there are some rules to
follow.
a. Change the subject and object from the active voice to the passive
voice.
Active voice
subject verb object
is
That girl drinks She,tea.
he, it
Passive voice
subject verb object
is
Tea is drunk by that
She, he,girl.
it
NB: To change into the passive voice, use transitive verbs.
b. Change the pronouns in the subject or object position.
Active voice
subject verb object
is
I always visit them.
She, he, it
Passive voice
subject verb object
is
They are always visited by he,
She, me.it
47
c. In sentences with ditransitive verbs (two objects), change one

object to the subject while keeping the other object as the object.
subject verb object 1 object 2
some
Active My mom is sending her
apples.
is being
Passive 1 She some apples by my mom.
sent
some are being
Passive 2 to her by my mom.
apples. sent
We can use the present simple and present continuous to talk
about daily activities, general truths, and progress. The patterns
are:
subject subject verb object
Present Active I read a book.

simple Passive A book is read by me.
Present Active She is carrying some boxes.

continuous Passive Some boxes are being by her.
carried
Exercise 1
Decide whether the sentences are active or passive. Then, change
into the passive forms (if possible).
1. Jane prepares the meal for her breakfast. (Active-Present simple)
The meal is prepared by Jane for her breakfast.
2. The place is being investigated. (Passive-Present continuous)
3. Someone comes to our house today. (Active-Present simple—No
object)
4. The bedroom is over there. (Active-Present—No action)
5. The flowers are watered every day. (Passive-Present simple)
6. His toe is hurt. (Passive-Present simple)
7. It always happens in this area. (Active-Present simple—No
object)
48
8. A few novels are being moved to the shed. (Passive-Present

Continuous)
9. Rika is feeding her cat. (Active-Present continuous) Her cat is
being fed by Rika.
10. Adi sleeps in his room. (Active-Present simple—No object)
Exercise 2
Write the sentences in passive voice of the present simple or present
continuous based on the time signals.
1. The book / return to the library / today
The book is returned to the library today.
2. Now / the product / send to the stores
Now the product is being sent to the stores.
3. The report / write / by her at the moment
The report is being written by her at the moment.
4. The house / repaint every year
The house is repainted every year.
5. Our assignments / collect by the teachers right now
Our assignments are being collected by the teacher right now.
Fun Activity
Play “Active and passive swap” in pairs.
Fun Activity
Work in pairs and make a process essay in passive sentences.
49
Day Fourteen
WEEK 3
PASSIVE VOICE (CONT.)
In the previous chapter, we learnt about the form and usage of
passive voice in the present simple and present continuous.
Present simple, for example,
× Joko always tidies up his room every week. (Active)

× Joko’s room is always tidied up by him every week. (Passive)
Present continuous, for example,

× Someone is taking his purse. (Active)
× His purse is being taken. (Passive)
Now, we will learn more about passive voice in other tenses.
To talk about something that has been done recently, past activities,
and future planning, we can use present perfect, past simple, and
future simple. Below are the patterns:
a. Present perfect
I, you, we, they à have
She, he, it à has
To be : been
Active voice
subject verb object
is
The man has made a bracelet.
She, he, it
Passive voice
subject verb object
is
A bracelet has been made by the
She, man
he, it
50
b. Past simple
To be
I, she, he, it à was
You, we, they à were
Active voice
subject verb object
is
The teacher punished them yesterday.
Passive voice
subject verb object
is
They were punished byShe,
the he,
teacher
it
yesterday.
c. Future simple
I, you, we, they, she, he, it à will
To be : be
Active voice
subject verb object
is
I will call you tonight.
Passive voice
subject verb object
is
You will be called byShe,
me tonight.
he, it
Fun Activity
Play subject and verb cards in class.
Exercise 1
Choose “A” if the sentences are in active voice, and choose “P” if the
sentences are in passive voice.
1. The participants have been here since this morning. A
2. I received a gift. A
3. She will be sent a painting. P
4. Jane went there by bus. A
51
5. The lunch box has been prepared. P

6. They were given a daily test yesterday. P
7. My mom will pick you up later. A
8. He has drunk my juice. A
9. Sinta bought some flowers. A
10. The flowers will be arranged tonight. P
Exercise 2
Write the sentences below in passive voice.
1. Someone has parked the car here.
The car has been parked here.
2. The girl drank two cups of coffee last night.
Two cups of coffee were drunk by the girl last night.
3. They will submit their reports soon.
Their reports will be submitted by them soon.
4. He brought us some snacks yesterday.
Some snacks were brought by him to us yesterday.
5. We were brought some snacks by him yesterday.
Jono has submitted his assignment.
6. His assignment has been submitted by Jono.
I will announce the bad news later.
7. The bad news will be announced by me later.
The cat stole my fish.
8. My fish was stolen by the cat.
The teacher has gathered some students in the hall.
Fun Activity
Play “Passive Snap.”
52
WEEKLY
A. Choose the best answer.
1. Which one is the correct use of SEoM in the sentences below?
a. Joni is able to going on time.
b. Will you can help me?
c. I want to be able to speak English well.
d. Siska will able to get the first prize.
2. Should / her mom / Reni / visit / ? / be going to / next weekend
Arrange the sentence above!
a. Her mom should visit Reni be going to next weekend?
b. Next weekend Reni be going to should visit her mom?
c. Reni should be going to visit her mom next weekend?
d. Should Reni be going to visit her mom next weekend?
3. Linda will …………………………… finish her driving class by next week.
a. be able to c. should
b. able to d. has to
4. Risa ………………….. probably meet you after her exam.
a. may c. will
b. might d. would
5 A: Where is my blue leather jacket?
B: I don’t know. It ………………………… on your desk.
a. might be c. will
b. might d. will be
6. Someone ……………………….. this room.
a. was cleaned c. has been cleaned
b. has cleaned d. is cleaned
53
7. This phone ……………………………… today.

a. was bought c. bought
b. is bought d. has bought
8. The album …………………………….. next month.
a. will released c. will be released
b. is released d. has been released
9. “Someone is moving my boxes downstairs.”
Change the sentence above into passive voice!
a. My boxes are being moved downstairs.
b. My boxes are moved by someone downstairs.
c. My boxes was being moved by someone downstairs.
d. My boxes was moved downstairs.
10. “The novel was written by me last year.”
Change the sentence above into the active voice!
a. I write the novel last year.
b. I have written the novel last year.
c. I wrote the novel last year.
d. I did written the novel last year.
B. Correct the errors in the sentences below!
1. She have to be here before 10 p.m. today.
She has to be here before 10 p.m. today.
2. Jessica is not allowed to swam in the river alone.
Jessica is not allowed to swim in the river alone.
3. Rossie might not in her office now.
Rossie might not be in her office now.
4. Jono might have eat my snacks last night.
Jono might have eaten my snacks last night.
5. I probably finish the homework tonight.
I will probably finish the homework tonight.
54
C. Change the sentences below into passive voice!

1. Someone has sent me a flower.
I have been sent a flower.
A flower has been sent to me.
2. The police are investigating some witnesses in the office.
Some witnesses are being investigated by the police in the
office.
3. Jane taught me English last year.
I was taught English by Jane last year.
English was taught to me by Jane last year.
4. My mom makes cookies every week.
Cookies are made by my mom every week.
5. The committee will announce the winners next month.
The winners will be announced by the committee next month.
55
Day Sixteen
WEEK 4
REPORTED SPEECH
Reported speech is when we tell someone what another person has
said. There are two forms of it: direct speech and indirect speech. Direct
speech means when we report what another person has said by
repeating the exact words with quotation marks, whereas indirect
speech, or reported speech, is to report the sentence without
repeating the same words.
For examples:
× Tiara said, “I have a meeting today.” (Direct speech)
× Tiara said that she had a meeting that day. (Indirect speech)
In indirect speech, we usually change the tenses further back to

past form based on the reporting verb “said”, so that the words
change (have—had and today—that day).
In reported speech, we usually report:
Û Statements
Û Yes/No questions
Û WH questions
Û Imperatives
1. Rules of Reported Speech
There are some rules to follow in reporting what another person has
said.
a. If the direct speech is in the present simple, present perfect, or
future simple, the change is only in the pronouns and to be.
For example,
DS : She says, “I am thirsty now.”
IS : She says that she is thirsty now.
DS: Direct Speech IS: Indirect Speech .
56
b. If the direct speech is in past simple, the change will cover

pronouns, adverbs, and tenses.
For example,
DS : She said, “I am thirsty now.”
IS : She said that she was thirsty then.
DS IS DS IS DS IS
1 à 5 1 à 7 9 à 13
2 à 6 2 à 8 10 à 14
3 à 7 3 à No change 11 à 15
4 à 8 4 à No change 12 à 16
Present Past Past Past Future Past future
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Present Simple Past Simple

Joko said, “I prepare for my Joko said that he prepared for
class.” his class.
Present Continuous Past Continuous

Ira told me, “I am listening to I ra t o l d m e t h a t s h e w a s
music.” listening to music.
Present Perfect Past Perfect

Wulan said to me, “You have Wulan said to me that I had
drunk my water.” drunk her water.
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

Raka said, “I have been working Raka said that he had been
since January 2020.” working since January 2020.
57
Past Simple Past Perfect

Jane told him, “You arrived late.” Jane told him that he had
arrived late.
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

The girl said, “I was swimming The girl said that she was
alone.” swimming alone.
Past Perfect Past Perfect

Roni said, “I had eaten lunch.” Roni said that he had eaten
lunch.
Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

Santi told him, “You had been Santi told him that he had been
singing all day long.” singing all day long.
Future Simple Past Future Simple

The man said, “I will visit you.” The man said that he would visit
me.
Modal Verb Modal Verb

Cika told me, “I can help you.” Cika told me that she could help
me.
58

Time Expressions
today that day
tonight that night
now then
yesterday the day before / the previous day
last ………. / …………. ago the ………. before / the previous...
tomorrow the next day / the following day
next ……….. the next …. / the following ……
Demonstratives
this that
these those
Place Expressions
here there
A. REPORTED SPEECH—STATEMENTS
When reporting statements about what another person has said, we
will also use the word “that” to begin the statement.
For example,
Direct speech: Rosa says to Joko, “I need to go with you.”
Indirect speech: Rosa says to Joko that she needs to go with
him.
Direct speech: Rika said, “I will go back here tomorrow.”
Indirect speech: Rika said that she would go back there the
next day.
But if we report something as a general fact in the past, we do not
have to change the sentence.
For example,
Tika said, “The sky is blue.”
Tika said that the sky is blue.
59
Fun Activity
Play direct and indirect speech-starter.
Exercise
Change the sentences into either the direct or indirect speech.
1. Nayla says, “I have to accompany my mom tomorrow.”
Nayla says that she has to accompany her mom tomorrow.
2. The girl told me, “You ignored me last night.”
The girl told me that I had ignored her the night before.
3. Tania said, “One plus three is four.”
Tania said that one plus three is four.
4. Adi said, “I have submitted my task today.”
Adi said that he had submitted his task that day.
5. Jono said to me, “You bring my books.”
Jono said to me that I brought his books.
6. The man said that he was calling his friends then.
The man said, “I am calling my friends now.”
7. Jessica says that I take her letters.
Jessica says, “You take my letters.”
8. The teacher said that the students would have a test the next day.
The teacher said, “The students will have a test tomorrow.”
Fun Activity
Play “Swap and Match” in groups.
Fun Activity
Play “The Go-Between Game” in groups.
60
Day Seventeen
WEEK 4
B. REPORTED SPEECH—YES/NO QUESTIONS
In some situations, we sometimes need to report yes/no questions
about what another person has asked. We can report it in the form of
direct and indirect speech, as we did in the reported speech of
statements.
For example:
× Reni asks me, “Do you like black coffee?” (Direct speech)
× Reni asks me if I like black coffee. (Indirect speech)
× Reni asks me whether or not I like black coffee. (Indirect
Speech)
× Reni asks me whether I like black coffee or not. (Indirect
Speech)
In reporting yes-or-no questions, we will introduce the sentences using
the words “if” or “whether,” but “if” is more common to use. We will
also use the same rules in changing direct speech into indirect speech,
like in the reported speech of statements in the form of pronouns,
tenses, and expressions of time, place, and demonstratives.
For example:
Direct speech: “Do you eat my breakfast?” Jane asked.
Indirect speech: Jane asked me if I ate her breakfast.
From the example above, the indirect speech has some changes from
the question into a statement form (Do you eat?—I ate), pronouns
(you and my—I and her), and the tenses (present simple—past simple).
61
For example:
“Do you like eating out?” she She asked me if I liked eating
asked. out.
The man asked her, “Did you go The man asked her if she had
here yesterday?” gone there the day before.
Roni asked me, “Have you Roni asked me if I had returned

returned my jacket? ” his jacket.
The son asked his mom, “Will The son asked his mom if she
you visit me next month?” would visit him the following
month.
If yes-or-no questions are used to make offers, requests, or suggestions,

there will be specific patterns in using reporting verbs.
Û offer + infinitive
Û ask + infinitive
Û suggest + Ving
For example:
× “Would you like to come to my birthday party?” Jono asked.
Û Jono offered me to come to his birthday party.
or
Û Jono asked me to come to his birthday party.
or
Û Jono suggested me coming to his birthday party.
Fun Activity
Play “Jumbled Sentences” cards in class.
62
Exercise
Change the sentences into either the direct or indirect speech.
1. “Do you cook the dinner?” Rosa asks.
Rosa asks if I cook the dinner.
2. The boy wanted to know, “Are you coming here alone?”
The boy wanted to know if I was coming there alone.
3. Ara asked the man, “Have you ordered my food?”
Ara asked the man if he had ordered her food.
4. “Will my brother pick me up tomorrow?” Sella asked.
Sella asked if his brother would pick her up the next day.
5. Joko said, “Are you tired now?”
Joko said if I was tired then.
6. “Was Sinta really okay last night?” Indra asked.
Indra asked if Sinta had been okay the night before.
7. Paula wanted to know if I had eaten her chocolate cake the day
before.
Paula wanted to know, “Have you eaten my chocolate cake
yesterday?”
8. The man asked a little girl if she knew the hotel around there.
The man asked a little girl, “Do you know the hotel around
here?”
9. Mari asked her brother whether or not she did the homework well.
Mari asked her brother, “Do I do the homework well?”
10. Lina wanted to know if I could accompany her to the museum.
Lina wanted to know, “Can you accompany me to the
museum?”
Fun Activity
Play “Report what I said” in groups.
Fun Activity
Play “What did I ask you?” in class.
63
Day Eighteen
WEEK 4
C. REPORTED SPEECH—WH QUESTIONS
Not only do we need to report yes-or-no questions, but we also need to
report WH questions that another person has asked.
For example:
× Rara asks the man, “What time do you arrive?” (Direct speech)
× Rara asks the man what time he arrives. (Indirect speech)
We will introduce the sentences in reporting by using WH questions,

and the question form will be changed to a statement sentence (What
time do you—what time he). When changing direct speech into
indirect speech in the past tense with pronouns, tenses, and
expressions of time, place, and demonstratives, the same rules apply as
before.
We can find two question patterns in reported WH Questions speeches:
subject and non-subject.
For example:
Direct speech: “Who cooks in the kitchen?” he asked.
Indirect speech: He asked who cooked in the kitchen.
Direct speech: “What do you cook today?” she wanted to know.

Indirect speech: She wanted to know what I cooked that day.
From the first sample above, we know that who is the subject of the
word “cook,” and there is no change for the form (who + cook), while the
second one follows the previous pattern because we have the subject
“you” in direct speech (What do you..?).
64
Exercise
After returning from the interview session, Joko faced some
questions from his best friend, Reni. Take a look at the questions and
report them correctly.
How long was your Where did you have

How much did they
interview? the interview?
offer you?
What is the What is your plan

How many interviewers What time hardest now?
were there? did you question?
finish? When will the
How will they company announce
announce it? the result?
1. Reni asked Joko how long his interview had been.

2. Reni asked Joko how much they had offered him.
3. Reni asked Joko where he had had the interview.
4. Reni asked Joko how many interviewers there had been.
5. Reni asked Joko what time he had finished.
6. Reni asked Joko what the hardest question was.
7. Reni asked Joko how they would announce it.
8. Reni asked Joko what his plan was then.
9. Reni asked Joko when the company would announce the
result.
Fun Activity
Play “What did you ask me?” in class.
65
Day Nineteen
WEEK 4
D. REPORTED SPEECH—IMPERATIVES
Lastly, we often tell people what to do or tell them what to do with
imperative sentences like,
× “Be a good boy.”
× “Clean your room.”
× “Don’t come late.”
To report those sentences, we need the reporting verb “tell” followed

by to infinitive (to + V1).
For example:
× The man advises his son to be a good boy.
× The man requests his son to clean his room.
× The man forbids his son to come late.
In reporting imperatives, we will introduce the sentences using the
word “to infinitive,” like in the first and second examples, but if we use it
in the prohibition sentence, like in the third example, just add not
before to infinitive (not to + V1).
Besides, in reporting imperative sentences, we also need to change the
word “say or tell” into the correct usage of imperative sentences.
Polite request advise, request, ask, beg, remind
Order command, tell, instruct, forbid, order
The same rules are applied as the previous ones in changing direct
speech into indirect speech in the form of pronouns and expressions of
time, place, and demonstratives in the past tense.
Direct speech: “Please send the flower bouquet today,” Jono said.
Indirect speech: Jono requested me to send the flower bouquet
that day.
66
Exercise
Change the sentences into the correct form of indirect speech.
1. Dani said, “Bring my book tomorrow, Dan.”
Dani told Dan to bring his book the next day.
2. “Please invite me to your party next week,” Jane says to him.
Jane tells him to invite her to his party next week.
3. Sinta said to him, “Don’t be lazy.”
Sinta told him not to be lazy to do his homework.
4. “Do your homework now,” Mom said to my brother.
Mom told my brother to do his homework then.
5. Sam told me, “Don’t stay up too late.”
Sam told me not to stay up too late.
6. “Send me your wedding invitation next week, Ann,” Budi said.
Budi told me to send him my wedding invitation the following
week.
7. “Don’t turn the fan off,” he said.
He told me not to turn the fan off.
8. Rita says, “Please prepare your presentation for today.”
Rita tells me to prepare my presentation for today.
9. “Tidy up your room, Jon,” his mom said.
His mom told Jon to tidy up his room.
10. Joko said, “Please move the boxes upstairs.”
Joko told me to move the boxes upstairs.
Fun Activity
Play “You said” in class.
Fun Activity
Play “Switch It” in class.
67
WEEKLY
A. Choose the best answer.
1. Kuala Lumpur is ………………….. capital city of Malaysia.
a. a c. *
b. an d. the
2. Let’s buy ………………. bar of chocolate for ……………….. lunch.
a. a / * c. a / the
b. an / the d. the / *
3. Please pass me ……………………………………………………….. gloves!
a. my new greyish nice woollen
b. my greyish new woollen nice
c. my nice new greyish woollen
d. my woollen nice new greyish
4. Which one is the correct order of adjectives?
a. some arrogant young boys
b. the first ancient good green ceramic vase
c. your cool green amazing Chinese lamp
d. two nice metallic narrow cool keys
5 I think I wasn’t good ………………………. because I performed it …………….
quickly.
a. too / enough c. too / too
b. enough / too d. enough / enough
6. To improve the navigation, dolphins need to jump ………………….
water.
a. from c. to
b. out of d. over
68
7. Joko ………………………………. the sink all day.

a. have been fixing c. are fixing
b. have fixed d. has been fixing
8. While my father …………………………, my little brother ………………… so loud
last night.
a. was sleeping / cried c. was sleeping / was crying
b. slept / was crying d. slept / cried
9. I …………………………… my assignment by the time the teacher ………………
us about it.
a. had submitted / was asking c. had submitted / asked
b. was submitting / asked d. submitted / asked
10. By this time next week, we ……………………………. at the airport.
a. will arrive c. arrive
b. will have arrived d. have arrived
11. When I visited John yesterday, he looked sad because he
……………………………… his cat.
a. had lost c. had been losing
b. was losing d. lost
12. Sinta …………………………………… breakfast tomorrow at 8 a.m.
a. will be preparing c. prepares
b. will prepare d. will be prepare
13. The sentences below are correct, except………...
a. She might be on her way home.
b. Jono and Sinta will probably come late for the class today.
c. We might have got the tickets yesterday.
d. We may got a good score.
69
14. Rika will …………………………………………… you by next week.

a. able to visit c. be able to visit
b. able to visits d. be able to visits
Yesterday, my sister (15) ………………..…….. a bouquet of flowers from
my cousin for her graduation. Unfortunately, the flowers (16)
………..…………… in the vase. The bouquet (17) …………………………………….. in
her room only. Thus, when my little brother came inside, the
flowers (18) ..………………….. by him.
15. a. got c. were got
b. have got d. was got
16. a. was put c. were put
b. was not put d. were not put
17. a. was keep c. was kept
b. were kept d. kept
18. a. broke c. was broken
b. broken d. were broken
19. Alika …………………. she is in her office now.
a. said c. says
b. say d. told
20. My brother ………………. that he had returned the book the day
before.
a. said c. says
b. say d. is saying
21. Siska suggested me ……………………….to the gym together.
a. to go c. go
b. going d. that go
70
22. “You can discuss the project with me.”

She said that …………………… discuss the project …………… .
a. you could / me c. you could / her
b. I could / me d. I could / her
23. “Did you watch the new TV program last night?”
Jane asked me ……………………………….. the new TV program the night
before.
a. if I watched c. if I had watched
b. if you watched d. if you had watched
24. “What time will you finish the exam?”
My mom wanted to know …………………………………… finish the exam.
a. what time I would c. what time you would
b. whether I would d. whether you would
25. “Don’t come near the well.”
Her mom forbids him ……………………………. near the well.
a. to come c. coming
b. not to come d. not to coming
71

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GRAMMAR MODULE - LANGUAGE CENTER

1. Nouns with Articles

Before a singular noun I have an apple. ***

I have a watermelon and an

***The word apple starts with a vowel sound, so an is used.

3 Proper nouns I live in Kediri

She goes to school every day.

3. The Rules of Articles

Before consonant Before consonant Before vowel and consonant

I borrowed a book from a public library last week in Pare, Kampung

bookstore on Brawijaya Street. He bought his favorite English

I met a beautiful old lady.

I meet a beautiful old Lady

I met an old beautiful lady.

I meet an old beautiful Lady

There are three adjectives in the two sentences above: a/an,

1. The Rules of Adjective Orders

Limiting Adjective + Descriptive Adjective

a. Limiting Adjective (LA)

b. Descriptive Adjective (DA)

My generous smart Indonesian friends can speak English well.

2. Enough (as much as we need or want)

Make new words by adding too or enough. Then construct one

Below are prepositions of movement:

2. They asked someone the way _____ the town center.

3. A lot of tourists walk _____ the beach.

4. He saw me drive _____ a blue light.

5. The cyclist was riding his bike _____ the museum.

6. The staﬀ got _____ the mee ng room.

7. She slid _____ the hill.

9. What me does the ﬂight _____ Jakarta arrive?

10. He followed her _____ the stairs to a large mee ng room.

B. Correct the errors in the following sentences!

C. Match the two parts below to make sentences!

a. against the new proposals.

A. Present Perfect Tense (Since)

B. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

1. The Rules of Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Positive Sentences: Negative Sentences:

2. Time expressions of Present Perfect Continuous Tense

C. Past Continuous Tense

1. The Rules of Past Continuous Tense

2. Common Expressions Used in Past Continuous Tense

6. Eddy ____had (have) an online class while his friends _____________

D. Past Perfect Tense

1. The Rules of Past Continuous Tense

Positive Sentences: Negative Sentences:

Positive Sentences: Negative Sentences:

2. Common Expressions Used in Past Perfect Tense

E. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

1. The Rules of Past Continuous Tense

2. Common Expressions Used in Past Perfect Continuous Tense

(2) At 9 o’clock I came across the key under the couch.

(2) At 9 o’clock I came across the key under the couch.

talk wait for prepare record sit

F. Future Continuous Tense

2. Time expressions of Future Continuous Tense

2. A : Don’t send any messages to the manager at noon tomorrow.

8. A : You bought a plane ticket. Are you planning to go

G. Future Perfect Tense

2. Time expressions of Future Continuous Tense

1. Situation: Fida will ask me round for dinner at 6 p.m.

2. Situation: The lecturer will give homework to the students in the

Grammar in Shot 2 (Teacher's Book)

Grammar in Shot 2 (Teacher's Book)

6. Eddy had (have) an online class while his friends _________