UNIT 5: EXPLORING HISTORY

INTRODUCTION

Love for our country does not prevent or reduce our love for our own town,
locality or community. In fact, one who does not love his own town or locality with its
historical developments and cultural heritage that goes with it will find difficulty loving a
larger body known as country.
Loving and appreciating our own town does not foster regionalism. To better
understand our national historical developments, we have to understand and appreciate
first the history, traditions and culture of our own locality and its contributions to the
national historical experience. In reality, we may not achieve a fuller understanding of
the Philippines and the Filipinos if we are not able to understand and appreciate our
town and or province. The study of our town’s history is simply called local history.
Local history has a more limited area, therefore students of history can study deeper
and in detail its various aspects.
Fr. Horacio de la Costa commented that Philippine historiography is relatively
poor in local histories and left notable gaps in our knowledge of Philippine history.
These gaps have to fill by the narratives from the people that have never been known or
acknowledged in the writing of Philippine history. To address this concern, local and oral
history writing must be undertaken by localities or schools with the help of students. In
fact, much sources of local history were lost during the previous world war or were
destroyed by disasters. Some of these are gone because of people’s ignorance that led
them to dispose their valuable materials with local historical significance, while other
information were buried in eternity with the passing away of the eyewitnesses
themselves.
This unit will introduce you to local and oral history and the ways to do it. By
understanding it, you will develop appreciation and concern of your own local history
heritage. Equipped with basic knowledge, you start writing local history and so by doing,
preserve the past and heritage for posterity.
Unit Outcomes:
At the end of this unit the student must have:
1. manifested interest in local and oral history; and
2. shown concern in promoting and preserving the historical and cultural
heritage of the country.

Topics:
1. Local and Oral History
2. Doing Local and Oral History: A Guide for Students

LESSON 1: LOCAL AND ORAL HISTORY

LESSON OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, you must have:

1. defined local and oral history;
2. explained the importance of studying local history; and
3. written a narrative of an important event/ experience from an oral interview.

Before you start with the lesson, try answering these questions to test your knowledge
of local history.

He has the sobriquet as the Great Orator:

______________________________
The place in Iloilo considered as the Athens of the Philippines:
______________________________
The last Ilonggo revolutionary leader to surrender to the Americans:
______________________________

The town known as Spelunkers Delight in Iloilo:

 ______________________________
She was considered as the first Miss Philippines:
______________________________

It seems that you have difficulty answering the questions. What if I ask you about
NBA or the Showbiz? Can you readily answer?
Your difficulty in answering the questions was due to the fact that you are not
familiar with local history. You tend to gloss over your local past and heritage in favor of
those national or global events.
In the following reading, you will be introduced to the ideas of local and oral
history.
So what exactly is local and oral history?

Local History
It is generally accepted that the study of history should cover all aspects of a
nation’s past and not only concerned with the events pertaining to that which is national,
but also with events in the life of local or regional communities. Local history is field of
study of the local historians and consequently local history comprises the lowest order
in the geographical classification of history because it is only confined in a specific area
or space.
Local history is defined as the history of a town, barangay or locality, or unit
smaller than a nation, with clearly defined territorial limits or in which the inhabitants are
so far united in thought and action as to feel the sense of belonging together.
According to Carol Kammen (2011) local history is a study of past events, or of
people or groups, in a given geographic area – a study based on a wide variety of
documentary evidence and placed in a comparative context that should be both regional
and national. Local history is, despite its limited geographical focus, a broad field of
inquiry: it is the political, social, and economic history of a community and its religious
and intellectual history, too. It is a place to look for individual reactions to historical
events and the arena in which to practice demographic investigation.
 Local history is the framework in which to practice cultural history in an attempt to
understand an area’s distinctive style. The local historian has, in addition to documents,
objects that add material culture to the historian’s “Bag of Tricks”: architecture, clothing,
products of local manufacture, and the physical environment all become important. The
tools and products of folklore and folk life studies – sometimes confused with local
history – can illuminate the study of local history. Local history encompasses many
forms of history, and it uses a variety of historical methods – from oral to statistical to
literary.
Local history is the place to hear women’s voices, find information about child
rearing practices, and ask questions related to education, leisure, and privacy. Local
history allows us to look at town planning and our domestic architecture. It begs for
studies of how we have lived in the past, in this particular place, and it offers an
opportunity to study group biography, leadership, philanthropy, crime, and gender. Local
history is the study of who remained in the community and who left – and why.
Local histories are often documented by local historical societies or groups that
were organized to preserve local historic buildings or structures and other historic sites
in the locality. Works on local history are compiled by amateur historians working
independently or archivists employed by various organizations. An important aspect of
local history is the publication and cataloguing of documents preserved in local or
national records which relate to particular areas.
Do you now have a clear understanding of what local history is? If not yet, kindly
read it again.
One problem of local history in the Philippines is the dearth or scarcity of local
materials. This is due to the fact the history writing came only with the Spaniards and
the Filipinos are not fond of writing or recording important events in the community were
only saved for a handful of learned citizens who made their own. In the absence of
written sources or documents, the gaps in history can be bridged by oral history.

Oral History
Oral history is a field of study and a method of gathering, preserving and
interpreting the voices and memories of people, communities, and participants in past
events. Oral history is both the oldest type of historical inquiry, predating the written
word, and one of the most modern, initiated with tape recorders in the 1940s and now
using 21st-century digital technologies.
Oral histories have been described as ‘the first kind of history’. They are the
passing on of knowledge, memory and experience by word of mouth. They can take the
form of anything from folklore, myths and stories passed from person to person, to a
formal interview about a particular event with someone that is recorded and kept in an
archive as a historical resource.
These are ways of gathering, recording, and preserving a diverse range of
personal experiences that generally are not well-documented in written sources or
traditional history. Their personal nature makes them a great primary source for people
wanting to discover more about a certain event or era and provides an insight into the
impact events had on the people alive and involved.
In Doing Oral History, Donald Ritchie explains, oral History collects memories
and personal commentaries of historical significance through recorded interviews. An
oral history interview generally consists of a well-prepared interviewer questioning an
interviewee and recording their exchange in audio or video format. Recordings of the
interview are transcribed, summarized, or indexed and then placed in a library or
archives. These interviews may be used for research or excerpted in a publication, radio
or video documentary, museum exhibit, dramatization or other form of public
presentation. Recordings, transcripts, catalogs, photographs and related documentary
materials can also be posted on the Internet.
Oral history does not include random taping, such as the Hello Garci
conversations, nor does it refer to recorded speeches, wiretapping, personal diaries on
tape, or other sound recordings that lack the dialogue between interviewer and
interviewee.

The conduct of oral history and the recording of information preserves the
memories of the protagonists and their knowledge of historical events as it took
place in the community even beyond their graves. In short, oral history provides
us information significant to the writing of local history and in eventually the
writing of complete history of the Philippines.
The Importance of Studying Local History
For many times, I heard students saying that history is boring. I disagree
because history is such an interesting course. Local history is more interesting because
you can relate to it after knowing that your forebears are protagonists to the events.

Some of the reasons for studying local history are the following:
1. Studying local history provides you with increased interest in the larger subject
of history. You advance from memorizing names, dates and places to the
desire of knowing what was being said about people, events and places.
2. The study of oral history gives you a better sense of realism- a body of
information that can be relevant to your own surroundings.
3. The study of local history encourages preservation. It will make you aware of
your own kinks of the past.
4. All history are local.
5. Local history helps you understand your ancestors in the context.
6. Local history helps you shape who you are.

Your love for your country and interest in its history begins with knowing your
local history. When you know something you have not known anywhere else, it is when
your interest is awakened. The article "ILOILO's FIRST" for sure will not only heighten
your interest in history but for sure will make you proud as an Ilonggos. This is
something all Ilonggos should know…

"ILOILO's FIRST"
Perhaps, no other province in the Philippines has a record of so many “FIRSTS’ as the
province of Iloilo. The following list is by no means complete:

1. Iloilo is a site of the Malayan landing in the Philippines, according to the Maragtas
Legend.
2. The first school for boys in the Philippines was founded in Tigbauan by the... famous
Jesuit priest and historian, Pedro Chirino in 1592.
3. The first place to put up a Christian church in the Philippines was Jalaud (Dumangas)
in what is now the barangay of Ermita, in 1566.
4. Iloilo is the first city outside Manila to have a foreign business house (Loney & Co.)
and the first foreign vice-consul.
5. The first province to export sugar to Australia.
6. The only province to have two cities during the Spanish time: Iloilo City, chartered in
1890, and Jaro in 1891.
7. The biggest province in the Philippines in population, income and economic
production during the 19th century.
8. The best and biggest producer of textile during the Spanish era.
9. The first city outside Manila to have electricity, telephone, telegraph, railway, ice
plant, automobile and other modern conveniences.
10. The first province outside Luzon to fly the Philippine National Flag (in Sta. Barbara,
Nov. 17, 1898)
11. The first department store in the country. Hoskyn & Co., established in 1877.
12. The first city outside Manila to have direct shipping lines with Hong Kong,
Singapore, Australia, Europe and America.
13. The first commercial airline in the country was the Iloilo Negros Air Express Co.
(INAEC).
14. The first Philippine airline established after World War II was organized by
Ilonggos… the FEATI.
15. The first provincial high school in the Philippines…Iloilo National High School.
16. The first Elementary School established under the Americans –Baluarte Elementary
School in Molo.
17. The first protestant barrio in the country – Calvario, Janiauy.
18. The first Baptist Church in the Philippines – Jaro Evangelical Church.
19. The first luxury liner in the island – S/S Don Esteban of the De la Rama Line.
20. The first city to have double – decked buses.
21. The first concrete road in the country – from Forbes Bridge to Jaro Plaza.
22. The first city to have a car assembly plant – Taller Visayas de Strachan &
McMurray. The car assembled was the “Deiler” in the 1920’s.
23. The first province to produce many millionaires and the first city to have a
millionaire’s row.
24. The first Filipino to launch the propaganda movement in Spain, Graciano Lopez
Jaena of Jaro also known as the greatest orator the Philippines ever produced.
25. The only Filipino nominated to the Supreme Court of Cuba – Raymundo Melliza.
26. The first Filipino to fly an airplane for passengers, was an Ilonggo – Jose Tinsay in
1925.
27. The first doctor of laws from Oxford University – Melquiades Gamboa.
28. The first doctor of philosophy in political Science – Victorino Diamonon.
29. The first Filipino doctor of Education – Pedro E. Y Rio.
30. The first Filipino woman doctor of Philosophy in Engineering – Josette Garcia
Portigo.
31. The first Filipino doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology – F. Landa Jocano.
32. The first Filipino to win the Congressional Medal of Honor during the WWII –
Captain Jose Calugas of Leon.
33. The first Filipino soldier in the American Army to win medals of Heroism & Courage
from the governments of United States, Belgium & France during the WWII – Sgt.
Ramon Subejano of New Lucena.
34. The first Filipino girl to be called the fastest woman in Asia – Inocencia Solis of New
Lucena.
35. The first most-be-medalled Filipino girl swimmer: Nancy Deano of Dingle.
36. The first Filipino international chess grandmaster: Eugene Torre of La Paz.
37. The first community school movement originated by Supt. Jose V. Aguilar.
38. The best organized guerrilla unit during World War II under Gen. Mariano Peralta.
39. The first guerrilla unit to contact, by radio, Gen. Douglas MacArthur and President
Quezon during World War II.
40. The first Filipino lady to win a cultural heritage award – Magdalena Jalandoni of
Jaro.
41. The First Beauty Queen/ The first Filipino feminist – Pura Villanueva Kalaw.
42. The first bookstore and printing shop in the Visayas and Mindanao – Libreria la
Panayana.
43. The first modern and most beautiful custom house in the country.
44. The first government constructed museum building in the Philippines – Museo Iloilo.
45. The first city to have modern cinema houses and theatres outside Manila.
46. The first gravity irrigation system outside Luzon – Sta. Barbara Irrigation System.
47. The first successful compact farm in the country – Tagsing Buyo, Sta. Barbara.
48. The only province to have an anti-biotic drug named after it – Ilozone and Ilotycin
which are brands of erythromycin, a wonder drug developed from a soil sample
from Iloilo.
49. The first province to be declared a model in development planning by NEC/USAID.
50. The number one food-producing province of the Philippines today.
51. The first and only town in the Philippines to produce four justices of the Supreme
Court, seven senators, seven governors, and seven cabinet members.
52. The site of the first international research center in the fishing industry, the
SEAFDEC in Tigbauan.
53. The biggest public school division in the country is the Division of Iloilo.
54. The first city, which initiated a free education program is the elementary schools by
eliminating the matriculation fees and providing free school supplies and the
elimination of tuition fees in public secondary schools.
55. The Iloilo Dinagyang Festival- is the first festival in the world recognized and was
supported by UNITED NATIONS to promote its Millennium Development Program.
(Added by Iloilo; Queen City of the South - Facebook)
56. New Iloilo International Airport- the first most modern and most beautiful airport
constructed outside Manila. (Added by Iloilo; Queen City of the South - Facebook)
57. New Iloilo City Hall- the first government green building in the Philippines. (Added by
Iloilo; Queen City of the South)
58. The first and only maritime university in the Philippines and South-East Asia
the John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University located at Molo & Villa de
Arevalo, Iloilo City.
59. The First Festival with Mascot: "Dagoy" (Dinagyang Festival's Official Mascot).
60. The "Esplanade", First Linear Park, is the first & the Longest Park in the country
You may also watch on Youtube using this link:
The Grandeur and the Glory: The FIRSTS of ILOILO
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CFq2VvcWNM
http://allaboutiloilophilippines.blogspot.com/p/test.html
 Name: __________________________ Score: _________
Section: ________________________ Date: _________

To check your understanding of what local history is, fill in the circles of
word or group of words that describe/s local history.

LOCAL
HISTORY
 Name: __________________________ Score: _________
Section: ________________________ Date: _________

Direction: You are expected to write a brief narrative of an important event or

experience in your locality from an interview of a key informant. Come up with a three
paragraph narrative out of the answers to the interview conducted. Include basic profile
of the interviewee such as the name, age, occupation, and address. Provide a fitting title
to your narrative. You may use any languages in the conduct of the interview and in
writing your output.
You may choose from any of the following topics:
1. World War 2 experience; 2. Martial Law Years of Marcos; 3. Experience of a Disaster
(Typhoon, Earthquake, Floods)

Name:
Age:
Occupation:
Address:
Responses:
1. What happened (describe the event/ experience)?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. What problem/s or difficulty/ies were experienced?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
3. How did you survive?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
Name: ________________________________ Score: ________________
Section: _______________________________ Date: ________________

________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
 LESSON 2: DOING LOCAL AND ORAL HISTORY: A GUIDE
FOR STUDENTS

LESSON OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, you must have

1. outlined the basic steps in doing historical research;
2. identified the sources and methods in gathering historical data; and
3. completed a simple local history research.

Did you experience listening to the stories of your grandparent or your elders about their
experiences during World War II? What do you remember?
I am sure you remembered something but you forgot the details. If you have
recorded what your grandparent was narrating, you must have a valuable primary
source with you now.
Examine the picture below.

(Source: from the collection of E. de la Vega)

The picture is a valuable primary source. What historical information can you get from
the picture? The answers to questions you will ask about can be provided by the picture
as well as the historical information- it is the beginning of your exploration of history.
Basic Steps in Doing Historical Research
Historical research involves developing an understanding of the past through the
examination and interpretation of evidence. Evidence may exist in the form of texts,
physical remains of historic sites, recorded data, pictures, maps, artifacts, and so on.
The historian’s job is to find evidence, analyze its content and biases, corroborate it with
further evidence, and use that evidence to develop an interpretation of past events that
holdssome significance in the present.
Historical research enables you to explore and explain the meanings, phases
and characteristics of a phenomenon or process at a particular point of time in the past.
We differentiate historical research as a research strategy from the research of history,
which refers to research in the discipline of history. The variable focus of your research
is time. Your essential aim is to identify appearances of your chosen phenomenon in a
temporally defined situation and environment. The strategy of historical research is also
suitable in other disciplines as it enables you to focus on exploring the historical
appearances of phenomena.
Historical research relies on a wide variety of sources, both primary and
secondary including unpublished material.

Primary Sources
1. Eyewitness’ accounts of events
2. Can be oral or written testimony
3. Found in public records and legal documents, minutes of meetings, corporate
records, recordings, letters, diaries, journals, drawings.
4. Located in university archives, libraries or privately run collections such as local
historical society.

Secondary Sources
1. Can be oral or written
2. Second hand accounts of events
3. Found in textbooks, encyclopedias, journal articles, newspapers, biographies and
other media such as films or tape recordings.

Steps in Historical Research

Historical research involves the following steps:
1. Identify an idea or topic
This step is the beginning of your research where you decide on what topic or
subject to be studied about. Four elements have to be considered in the formulation of
your research topic. These elements are geographical (place), demographical (people),
occupational (sector), and chronological (time).
As an illustration, if you want to do research on salt making during the post war
years in Iloilo, the elements are as follows:
Geographical : Iloilo
Demographical : Salt Makers
Occupational : Traditional Salt Making
Chronological : 1946–1970
Your topic for research is Traditional Salt Making in Iloilo: 1946-1970.
This topic can be reduced or expanded, depending on your interest, time and
resources. Since you are into local history, you may focus on a certain area or location.
It can be Traditional Salt Making in Dumangas, Iloilo: 1946 -1970.
If you have the luxury of time and resources you can expand your research thus,
Traditional Salt Making in Panay Island: 1900-2000.

2. Develop your objectives or research questions

The statement of objectives is very essential in your research undertaking. It
gives you the direction to reach your goal. It gives you the idea on what kind of
information you have to gather, where to gather, from whom you get the information and
what kind of questions you will ask the informants. The substance of your research
output is dependent on how well your objectives were formulated and answered.

Based on the research topic defined earlier, the possible objectives are:
1. To describe the area where traditional salt making was done
2. To identify the individuals, groups or families involved in traditional salt making
3. To trace the history of traditional salt making from 1946-1970
4. To describe the process of traditional salt making
5. To assess the contribution of traditional salt making to the development of the
community or town.

3. Identify and locate available data sources

Historical research relies on a wide variety of sources, both primary and
secondary including unpublished material.
Primary Sources
1. Eyewitness accounts (those involved in the traditional salt making)
2. Can be oral or written testimony
3. Located in archives, libraries or privately run collections such as local
historical society or records in the possession of eyewitnesses
Secondary Sources
1. Can be oral or written
2. Second hand accounts of events
3. Found in books, encyclopedias, journal articles, newspapers, journals, research
reports and other media

4. Organizing, Analyzing and Interpreting of Information Gathered

When you already gathered adequate information guided by your research
objectives, it is now time to organize you data. In the process of organizing the data, it is
also the time to do the analysis in order to find out which data is credible based on other
sources or corroborations. If there are contradicting claims, it has to be settled. In the
course of your organizing, you might encounter gaps in the data. In this sense,
interpretation is necessary. Historical interpretation is the process by which we describe,
analyze, evaluate, and create an explanation of past events. In simple words, it is a
process of making connections or pointing out relationships between elements being
studied in the historical narrative. Without interpretation, the data would be just a
chronological listing of information.

5. Develop a Narrative Exposition of the Data Gathered

Make an outline of your findings based on the logical arrangement in the
objectives. You have the choice on how to present your narrative based on your outline.
It can be thematic or chronological. As a beginner, chronological presentation is
advisable.
One most important thing in research is the documentation. You have to
acknowledge all your sources of information. How to present your documentation is
your choice. There is an array of documentation styles nowadays.

Methods in Gathering Historical Data

For a local history project Henry Funtecha (1998) suggested methods by which
one can gather historical information. These are library or archival research, internet
research, field survey of field observation, oral history or interview and the use of
cultural artifacts.
1. Library or archival research. This is the easiest way of data gathering. All
schools have libraries and others have archives. These are the repositories of
written or printed sources of information. Your town hall also keeps valuable
government records while the parish office has church records. You can ask
permission to look into these sources.
2. Internet research has become popular today. You need go to archive because
some of the primary sources can already be read in the internet. Many accounts
of eyewitnesses during the Spanish and American period were already uploaded
in the internet and can be accessed anytime.
3. Field observation or field survey can also be used in historical research. Going
to the area where the historical event under study took place would help you in
your historical interpretation. As a case, an account says that Col. Salas hid,
eluded, and captured among the mangroves along Dumangas River. Visiting and
 surveying the place, you gain a deeper understanding of the physical
environment and an idea as to why the capture was difficult.
4. The problem of doing local history is the scarcity of information. This problem is
solved by oral history. This method of data gathering uses interview with
eyewitnesses or knowledgeable individuals about your topic being studied. You
will be surprised about how rich the memories of the people in the locality are.
You only have to discover who they are.
5. Cultural artifacts available can be rich source of historical information. Aside
from their physical make up that would explain the milieu they were created,
these materials are gateway to more information; they have their own stories to
tell. It only takes an inquisitive and critical mind to discover these. Aside from
these cultural artifacts, there are also landmarks, monuments and other
structures that can reveal valuable historical information. A church made of coral
stones for example simply shows that it is near an area where corals thrive.
Again it takes a milkmaid to milk the cow. Using artifacts as a source of historical
information is termed milking the object.
 Name: __________________________ Score: _________
Section: ________________________ Date: _________

Choose three (3) topics from the discussion of local history research that interest
you. It may be an event, industry, people, movements, practices, beliefs or any that you
like.
Make it researchable topics by following the four elements in the topic
formulation. Check the example in the readings.
Write it in the template provided below. Do not forget that the topic you choose
must be manageable and within your resources.

ELEMENTS Topic 1 Topic 2 Topic 3

Geographical

Demographical

Occupational

Chronological
 Topic Formulated

Topic 1

Topic 2

Topic 3
 Name: __________________________ Score: _________
Section: ________________________ Date: _________

For your final output in this course, you have to do a simple local history project.
You choose the topic of your local history research from the three topics you earlier
formulated. It must not be less than three (3) pages but not more than pages. Use a
short bond paper, one (1) inch margin all over, single spaced, and font type and size:
Tahoma 11. Although there is no prescribed parts in local history writing, this template
may guide you.
My Topic is:
______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
My Objectives
are:__________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
My Data Gathering Method/s used is/
are:__________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
My Findings
are:__________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
My Conclusion is/
are;__________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
My Source/s of Information is/
are:__________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
REFERENCES:
De la Vega, E.D. (2012). The Teaching of Local History: Needs and Resources. A
Paper Read in the ADHIKA Regional Conference. Molo, Iloilo City.
Funtecha, H.F. (1998). Preparing for and Conducting Local History Research. A
Paper Presented during the 8th Conference on West Visayan History and Culture.
UPV, Iloilo City.
Funtecha, H.F. (2008). The Importance of Local History in Philippine History, Retrieved
from
http://www.thenewstoday.info/2008/08/01/the.importance.of.local.history.in.philippi
ne.history.html
Solmerano, E.T. et.al. (2018). Readings in Philippine History. Manila, Philippines.
Fastbooks Educational Supply, Inc.
Stahle, T.S. (2016, April 6).3 Reasons Why You Should Know your Local History,
Retrieved from https://www.familysearch.org/blog/en/3-reasons-local-history/
Websites:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00232086985310041?journalCode=rahr1
9
https://sites.google.com/site/peoriapastandpresent/home/peoria-past-and-present-
overview
https://www.oralhistory.org/about/do-oral-history/
https://womenslibrary.org.uk/2017/08/09/what-are-oral-histories-and-why-are-they-
important/
The Grandeur and the Glory: The FIRSTS of ILOILO
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CFq2VvcWNM
http://allaboutiloilophilippines.blogspot.com/p/test.html
https://researchguides.library.wisc.edu/introhist
(Research and Documentation in the Electronic Age, Fifth Edition, by Diana Hacker and
Barbara Fister, Bedford/St. Martin, 2010)

https://koppa.jyu.fi/avoimet/hum/menetelmapolkuja/en/methodmap/strategies/historical-
research
http://dohistory.org/on_your_own/toolkit/research.html
Historical Research Method from: https://ecu.au.libguides.com/historical-research-
method