COMMUNICATIONS AND

INTERNET

This enables firms to communicate on a

global level, this may overcome
managerial diseconomies of scale. The
firm may be able to get cheaper supplies
by dealing with a wider choice of firms.

TECHNOLOGY

Improved technology which makes it easier to

communicate and share information around the
world. E.g. internet. For example, to work on
improvements on this website, I will go to a
global online community, like facebook.com.

TECHNOLOGY

There, people from any country can bid for the

right to provide a service. It means that I can
often find people to do a job relatively cheaply
because labour costs are relatively lower in the
Indian sub-continent.

TRANSPORTATION

The development of refrigerated and

container transport, bulk shipping and
improved air transport has allowed the
easy mass movement of goods throughout
the world. This assists globalisation.

TRANSPORTATION

making global travel easier. For example,

there has been a rapid growth in air travel,
enabling greater movement of people and
goods across the globe.
FREE TRADE
AGREEMENTS

Economic growth is global in nature. This

means countries are increasingly
interconnected. (e.g. recession in one country
affects global trade and invariably causes an
economic downturn in major trading partners.)

FREE TRADE
AGREEMENTS

rich capitalist countries have always promoted

global free trade as a way of increasing their
own wealth and influence.

International organisations such as the World

Trade Organisation and the IMF also promote
free trade.

GOALS OF
GLOBALIZATION

1.INCREASE IN INVESTMENTS.

A country opting Globalization welcomes

the other countries to invest in them
considering the domestic and international
policies. It facilitates financial flow,
development in trade increase in
employment opportunities.

2.TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY

Transfer of technology plays a huge role as it is

necessary to upgrade from old methods and invest in
research and development which helps to create
advanced technology. The best example is E
commerce,that has revolutionised international
marketing methods and has simplified buying and
selling.

3.FOSTER GROWTH
Considering GDP growth per
capita(GDP/population of that
country),an increase in GDP denotes
that it has increased the growth and
increased standard of living of the
people.

AIM OF
GLOBALIZATIO
N

standardized income
distribution through its
economic integration
schemes.

SIGNS OF
GLOBALIZATION

SPREADING OF
MULTICULTURALISM AND
BETTER INDIVIDUAL ACCESS
TO CULTURAL DIVERSITY,
WITH ON THE OTHER HAND,
SOME REDUCTION IN
DIVERSITY THROUGH
ASSIMILATION,
HYBRIDIZATION,
WESTERNIZATION,
AMERICANIZATION OR
SINOSIZATION OF CULTURES.

INCREASE IN INTERNATIONAL
TRADE AT A FASTER RATE
THAN THE GROWTH IN THE
WORLD ECONOMY

INCREASE IN INTERNATIONAL
FLOW OF CAPITAL INCLUDING
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
AND GREATER TRANSBORDER
DATA FLOW, USING SUCH
TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS THE
INTERNET, COMMUNICATION
SATELLITES AND TELEPHONES

TERRORISM HAS
UNDERGONE
GLOBALIZATION.
TERRORISTS NOW HAVE
ATTACKED PLACES ALL
OVER THE WORLD.

GREATER
INTERNATIONAL
CULTURAL
EXCHANGE

GREATER
INTERNATIONAL
TRAVEL AND TOURISM
AND GREATER
IMMIGRATION,
INCLUDING ILLEGAL
IMMIGRATION

INCREASED ROLE OF
INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS
SUCH AS WTO, WIPO,
IMF THAT DEAL WITH
INTERNATIONAL
TRANSACTIONS

GLOBALIZATIO
N IN THE
PHILIPPINES

GLOBALIZATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES

Globalization has been very effective in

the Philippines. There have been major
changes in the economy since 1995 when
the Philippines took part in signing
agreements with World Trade
Organization.
GLOBALIZATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES

There have been changes in the country

such as more labor and more companies
that have emerged to help the economy.
Globalization has been rapidly developing
in the Philippines ever since the influence
of the United States during World War II.

GLOBALIZATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES

CROPS USE FOR GLOBALIZATIONS

There are many crops that are grown in the Philippines

that are shipped and traded all over the world. This is
another cause of globalization in the Philippines. Some
of the most common crops that are sold are:

Rice

Corn

Kamote (Sweet Potatoes)

GLOBALIZATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES

CROPS USE FOR GLOBALIZATIONS

Coconuts

Fruits, especially bananas and pineapples

Vegetables

Sugar

Tobacco

Abaca ("Manila hemp" that is used for rope making)

GLOBALIZATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES

MINERALS USE FOR GLOBALIZATIONS

Along with crops that are grown in the Philippines and sold throughout the world,
there are also minerals that are mined and sold around the world. It is estimated that
90% of the country's mineral resources are un-surveyed and undeveloped. These
mineral resources include:

Copper

Gold

Nickel

Chromium

Iron

Manganese

GLOBALIZATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES

PEOPLE USE FOR GLOBALIZATIONS

(OVERSEES FILIPINO WORKERS)

There are many people from the Philippines

that leave their country to find work and make
careers for themselves.

ADVANTAGES
OF
GLOBALIZATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES

Since the development of globalization

in the Philippines, there have been
many advantages that have occurred
because of it. These things are very
beneficial because they help the
economy grow every day.
HIGH LEVELS OF EDUCATION

EXPORT-ORIENTED
AGRICULTURAL SECTOR THAT
HAS GENERATED MORE THAN
SUFFICIENT FOREIGN EXCHANGE

THE PHILIPPINES HAS ONE IF

THE HIGHEST PER CAPITA
INCOMES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

DISADVANTAGE
OF
GLOBALIZATIO
N IN THE
PHILIPPINES

There are over 100 million people that

live in the Philippines and 60% of that
population live in poverty. The
economy is doing well, but it is still not
up to par when it comes to other countries.

EFFECTS OF
GLOBALIZATION

GLOBAL MARKET:

Most successful emerging markets in developed

countries are a result of privatization of state owned
industries. In order for these industries to increase
consumer demand many of them are attempting to
expand and extend their value chain to an
international level.

FOREIGN TRADE

Globalization has created and expanded foreign trade in the

world. Things that were only found in developed countries can
now be found in other countries across the world. People can
now get whatever they want and from any country. Through
this developed countries can export their goods to other
countries. Countries do business through international trade,
whereby they import and export goods across the global.
These countries which export goods get comparative
advantages.

COMPETITION:

One of the most visible positive effects of globalization is

the improved quality of products due to globe competition.
Customer service and the 'customer is the king' approaches
to production have led to improved quality of products and
services. As the domestic companies have to fight out
foreign competition, they are compelled to raise their
standards and customer satisfaction levels in order to
survive in the market.

CULTURAL EXCHANGE:

The world that we live in today is a result of

several cultures coming together. People of one
culture, if receptive, tend to see the flaws in their
culture and pick up the culture which is more
correct or in tune with the times. Societies have
become larger as they have welcomed people of
other civilizations and backgrounds and created a
whole new culture of their own.

CLIMATE CHANGE

•The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) defines it as a

change of climate that is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity, altering the
composition of the global atmosphere.

Human activity includes the pollution that arises

from industrial activity and other sources that
produce greenhouse gases. These gases, such
as carbon dioxide, have the ability to absorb the
spectrum of infrared light and contribute to the
warming of our atmosphere. Once produced,
these gases can remain trapped in the
atmosphere for tens or hundreds of years.

CAUSES OF CLIMATE
CHANGE

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

The main effect volcanoes have on the

climate

is short-term cooling. Volcanic eruptions

pump out clouds of dust and ash, which block
out some sunlight. Because the ash particles
are relatively heavy, they fall to the ground
within about three months, so their cooling
effect is very

short-lived.

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

But volcanic debris also includes sulfur

dioxide.

This gas combines with water vapor and dust

in the atmosphere to form sulfate aerosols,
which reflect sunlight away from the Earth’s
surface. These aerosols are lighter than ash
particles and can remain in the atmosphere
for a year or more.

OCEAN CURRENTS

The oceans are a major component of the

climate system. Ocean currents are located at
the ocean surface and in deep water below
300 meters (984 feet). They can move water
horizontally 2 and vertically and occur on both
local and global scales.

OCEAN CURRENTS

The ocean has an interconnected current, or

circulation, system powered by wind, tides,
the Earth’s rotation (Coriolis effect), the sun
(solar energy), and water density differences.
The topography and shape of ocean basins
and nearby landmasses also influence ocean
currents.

OCEAN CURRENTS

The colder and saltier the ocean water, the

denser it is. The greater the density
differences between different layers in the
water column, the greater the mixing and
circulation. Density differences in ocean water
contribute to a global-scale circulation system,
also called the global conveyor belt.

EARTH ORBITAL
CHANGES

Shifts and wobbles in the Earth’s orbit can trigger

changes in climate such as the beginning and end
of ice ages. The last ice age ended about 12,000
years ago and the next cooling cycle may begin in
about 30,000 years. But orbital changes are so
gradual they’re only noticeable over thousands of
years – not decades or centuries. The earth makes
one full orbit around the sun each year.

EARTH ORBITAL
CHANGES
Changes in the tilt of the earth can 3 lead to small but
climatically important changes in the strength of the
seasons, more tilt means warmer summers and colder
winters; less tilt means cooler summers and milder
winters. Slow changes in the Earth’s orbit lead to small
but climatically important changes in the strength of the
seasons over tens of thousands of years. Climate
feedbacks amplify these small changes, thereby
producing ice ages.

THE GREEN HOUSE

EFFECT

The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon. However,

the increase in greenhouse gases is linked to human
activities. It is thus no surprise that the world's leading
climate scientists believe that human activities are very
likely the main cause of global warming since the
mid-twentieth century,

The greenhouse gas content

of the atmosphere is being
altered by human activity. The
result of this change is global
warming.

CARBON DIOXIDE

High levels of Carbon Dioxide in

the atmosphere fueled lush
growth, some of which was
stored in the form of fossil fuels.

CARBON DIOXIDE

Carbon Dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere

has risen by about 30% since the
beginning of the industrial revolution.
Most of the increase is due to the
combustion of fossil fuels, which
releases the long-stored CO 2 back
into the atmosphere.

METHANE

Methane is released by coal

mining, landfills, and by agriculture,
particularly through the digestive
processes of beef and milk cows.

NITRIOUS OXIDE

Nitrous Oxide is produced by

cars, by fossil fuels used for
heat and electricity, and by
agriculture.

DEFORESTATION

The exploitation of forests has a major role in

climate change. Trees help regulate the climate
by absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere. When
they are cut down, this positive effect is lost and
the carbon stored in the trees is released into
the atmosphere.

COAL MINING

Modern life is highly dependent on the mining

and metallurgical industry. Metals and minerals
are the raw materials used in the construction,
transportation and manufacturing of goods.
From extraction to delivery, this market
accounts for 5% of all greenhouse gas emissions.

BURNING OF FOSSIL
FUELS
The massive use of fossil fuels is obviously
the first source of global warming, as
burning coal, oil and gas produces carbon
dioxide - the most important greenhouse
gas in the atmosphere - as well as nitrous
oxide.

INDIVIDUAL ACTIONS
THAT CAN MITIGATE
CLIMATE CHANGE:

CIGARETTE SMOKING

A smoker consumes two packs

of cigarettes a day. His/Her
fingers have discolored to brown
for holding cigarette sticks for
almost the whole day. His lips
have turned dark.

CIGARETTE SMOKING

Cigarette Smoking is bad for one’s health

and for other people’s. it is known to
cause lung cancer and other respiratory
diseases such as emphysema, not only
for the smoker but even for nonsmokers
who frequently inhale secondhand
smoke. As an effect to the environment,
smoking contributes to air pollution.

FOOD WASTING

Wasting food is wasting the efforts of the

farmers who grow rice and vegetables for
months and raise livestock, of the fisherfolk
who set out to sea to catch fish and
seafood. All the food in our plates come
from nature. Wasting food is disrespect and
disregard for nature and for the people who
raised and prepared them.

IRRESPONSIBLE USE OF
ENERGY

Electricity is one of the necessary

elements in modern living. Without it,
many of the social activities will
generally be paralyzed. Imagine a
world deprived of lights, television,
internet, air conditioning units, cell
phones, movie houses, videokes,
transistor radios, electric fans,

IRRESPONSIBLE USE OF
ENERGY

Electric ovens, microwave ovens,

electric stoves, refrigerators, cars,
trains, airplanes and many more.
Nonrenewable sources of energy such
as coal and petroleum, from which
electricity is generated are getting
scarcer. The scarcer an energy
sources becomes, the more expensive
it gets.

PAPER WASTING

Paper is one item that is indispensable.

Paper is not only used for writing and
drawing but also for printing, wrapping,
cleaning and more. It is also now used
in clothing and industrial sectors. Paper
is a product that comes from tree pulp
or grass fiber. It comes from nature.

PAPER WASTING
Wasting paper is also wasting nature
and the energy used to manufacture it,
further disregarding those involved in
its production. It is helpful to buy
recycled paper. Manufacturers usually
indicate if their paper is made from
recycled paper.

EFFECTS OF CLIMATE
CHANGE

SOCIOLOGISTS CHARLES HARPER

(2001) ENUMERATES SOME OF THE
THREATENING IMPACTS OF CLIMATE
CHANGE:

THREATENING IMPACT OF
CLIMATE CHANGE

Reduction of agricultural yield and

grain productivity which can lead to
food shortage.

Rise of sea level which will endanger

the population living in the coastal
areas, will submerge rice farms in
the river deltas and will push high
tides and storm surges further
inland.

THREATENING IMPACT OF
CLIMATE CHANGE

3. Decrease in freshwater supply

caused by reduced stream flow and
water salinity will make an upstream
movement.
4. Increase in human health risks
posed by heat stress as well as wider
and faster spread of tropical illnesses

THREATENING IMPACT OF
CLIMATE CHANGE

5. Consistent warming patterns mean an

increase in energy consumption for
air-conditioning, hydropower shortage, and
diminished revenues from fisheries and
tourism.

6. Enormous cost of prevention ,

rehabilitation and adaptation to climate
change can take a heavy toll on the global
economy.

RISE IN SEA LEVEL

The Arctic is heating twice as fast as any

other place on the planet. As its ice sheets
melt into the seas, our oceans are on track to
rise one to four feet higher by 2100,
threatening coastal ecosystems and low-lying
areas. Island nations face particular risk, as
do some of the world’s largest cities,
including New York, Miami, Mumbai, and
Sydney.

HEAVY RAINFALL
ACROSS THE GLOBE

As the earth’s atmosphere heats up, it

collects, retains, and drops more water,
changing weather patterns and making wet
areas wetter and dry areas drier. Higher
temperatures worsen and increase the
frequency of many types of disasters,
including storms, floods, heat waves, and
droughts.

HEAVY RAINFALL
ACROSS THE GLOBE

These events can have devastating

and costly consequences,
jeopardizing access to clean drinking
water, fueling out-of-control wildfires,
damaging property, creating
hazardous-material spills, polluting
the air, and leading to loss of life.

EXTREME DROUGHT

Drought leaves a trail of destruction as

dangerous and deadly as any other extreme
weather event. In fact, drought has affected
more people around the world in the past four
decades than any other type of natural
disaster.

EXTREME DROUGHT

Drought is characterized by a lack of

precipitation—such as rain, snow, or sleet—for a
protracted period of time, resulting in a water
shortage. While droughts occur naturally, human
activity, such as water use and management, can
exacerbate dry conditions. What is considered a
drought varies from region to region and is based
largely on an area’s specific weather patterns.

DECLINE IN CROP
PRODUCTIVITY

The changes in crop production related climatic

variables will possibly have major influences on
regional as well as global food production. The
likely impacts of climate change on crop yield
can be determined either by experimental data
or by crop growth simulation models. To
predict future impacts on crop yields, crop
models present valuable approaches.

ECOSYSTEMS ARE
CHANGING

Climate change is increasing pressure on

wildlife to adapt to changing habitats—and
fast. Many species are seeking out cooler
climates and higher altitudes, altering seasonal
behaviors, and adjusting traditional migration
patterns. These shifts can fundamentally
transform entire ecosystems and the intricate
webs of life that depend on them.

ECOSYSTEMS ARE
CHANGING

The increase of temperatures and the climate

upheavals disturb the ecosystems, modify
the conditions and cycles of plant
reproduction. The scarcity of resources and
climate change are changing life habits and
migratory cycles of animals. Global warming
therefore impacts biodiversity. It is the
balance of biodiversity that is modified and
threatened.

HURRICANES

Hurricanes are powered by moisture from warm,

tropical oceans - this is the fuel that drives the
intense winds that are typical of this type of storm.
Climate change means the air over the oceans can
hold more of this moisture, intensifying the storms
at sea. But when these storms hit land, the fuel
from the seas is cut off and the hurricanes should
decay, or dissipate, very quickly.

RISE IN TEMPERATURE

Given the size and tremendous heat capacity

of the global oceans, it takes a massive
amount of heat energy to raise Earth’s
average yearly surface temperature even a
small amount. The 2-degree increase in
global average surface temperature that has
occurred since the pre-industrial era
(1880-1900) might seem small,

RISE IN TEMPERATURE

But it means a significant increase in

accumulated heat. That extra heat is driving
regional and seasonal temperature extremes,
reducing snow cover and sea ice, intensifying
heavy rainfall, and changing habitat ranges
for plants and animals—expanding some and
shrinking others.

ACIDIFIES SEAWATER

The earth’s oceans absorb between one-quarter

and one-third of our fossil fuel emissions and are
now 30 percent more acidic than they were in
preindustrial times. This acidification poses a
serious threat to underwater life, particularly
creatures with calcified shells or skeletons like
oysters, clams, and coral. It can have a devastating
impact on shellfisheries, as well as the fish, birds,
and mammals that depend on shellfish for
sustenance.
SOLUTIONS FOR

CLIMATE CHANGE

SOLUTIONS FOR

CLIMATE CHANGE

NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS PUSH

FOR CERTAIN INTERESTS AND ADVOCACIES.

THEY USUALLY APPROACH LAWMAKERS AND

LOBBY FOR THE PASSAGE OF A BILL TO

BECOME A LAW. THEY POSSESS A GOOD

QUANTITY OF DATA ABOUT THEIR INTERESTS,

STUDY ISSUES THEY WANT TO ADDRESS, AND

INVITE INDIVIDUALS TO SUPPORT THEIR

CAUSES. MANY OF THEM HAVE LINKAGES

WITH OTHER NGOs OF SIMILAR INTERESTS IN

INTERNATIONAL LEVELS.

SOLUTIONS FOR

CLIMATE CHANGE

Some environmental NGOs are wildlife

Conservation Society, IBON Foundation, Amazon

Conservation Association, CoolEarth Organization,

Alliance for Water Efficiency and Soil and Water

Conservation Society. Their common goal is to

ensure that nature is sustained for future

generations and also to make the international

community recognize the importance of wildlife,

wilderness and natural resources for human and

other species.

SOLUTIONS FOR

CLIMATE CHANGE

They promote the cleanliness of rivers, lakes and

other bodies of water to safeguard marine life and

aquatic resources.

The government can provide the legal bases of

programs, projects and actions for the protection of

the environment and the ecosystem. It can also

provide sanctions and penalties to prevent abuse of

resources. There is urgency to resolve the problems

caused by climate change.

MITIGATION
Involves practices, policies and

technologies to prevent global

warming from getting worse or to slow

it down. It can be accompanied by

moderate to huge spending by

individuals, firms and governments.

Examples include shifting from coal

and petroleum to natural gas and

other energy sources.

MITIGATION

Some mitigation activities can be

accomplished anytime and anywhere. In

an individual capacity, a person can opt

to become a vegetarian to avoid

incurring more carbon footprint

generated by meat consumption.

At the organizational level, a company

can require its employees to recycle

paper when printing drafts or it can

create a paperless working

environment.

ADAPTATION

Calls for the adjustment of lifestyle and

introduction of adaptive changes in the

areas of industry, health and energy

supply that can easily carried out

without huge spending from the

government. Everyone is responsible

for delaying climate change. Being an

inhabitant of Earth, you have an

obligation to contribute to the solution of

global problems.

CLIMATE CHANGE

COMMISSION PHILIPPINES

The Philippine government already

passed Republic Act No. 9729 or the

Climate Change Act in 2009, which led to

the formation of the Climate Change

Commission. It is an independent body

tasked with coordinating, monitoring and

evaluating government programs on

climate change. It formed the National

Strategic Framework on Climate Change

(NSFCC) which envisions the Philippines

as a climate risk-resilient country.

PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

The Paris Agreement was adopted to make

countries promise to reduce GHG

emissions with the goal to hold the increase

in the global average temperature to less

than 2oC, and to limit the GHG emissions

to what the trees, soil and the oceans can

naturally absorb starting anytime between

2050 and 2100. The Paris Agreement was

enforced on 4 November 2016. Countries

which signed the treaty must ratify it in their

respective governments.

SHIFTING TO

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY
Using Solar Power

Using Wind Power

Using Hydropower

Using Bio Gas

USING ECO FRIENDLY

TRANSPORTATION

USING ENERGY

EFFICIENT PRODUCTS

MANAGING

WASTE

PLANT MORE TREE AND

PRESERVE NATURE