Contents Starter Prepositions of place/moverent/ time ~ Quantifiers - Question words ~ Pronouns/Possessives ~ The verbs to be’ ‘have got’, ‘can’... p. 4 Unit 1 Present simple vs Present continuous ~ Adverbs of frequency ~ Stative verbs sone P16 Unit 2 Relatives .... p22 Unit 3 Adjectives ~ Adverbs ~ ‘Comparisons p26 Exploring Grammar i (Starter - Unit 3) p. 34 Revision (Starter ~ Unit 3) - p35 Phrasal verbs i - Prepositions i p.36 Unit 4 Past simple vs Past continuous ~ used tofwould . p38 Unit 5 Subject/Object questions p45 Exploring Grammar ii (Units 4-5) ..... p: 46 Revision (Units 1-5) p.a7 Phrasal verbs ii - Prepositions ii ....... p48 Unit 6 Present perfect ~ Present perfect vs Past simple ~ Present perfect ‘continuous ~ Present perfect simple vs Present perfect continuous ...... p. 50 Unit 7 Clauses of result p.59 Exploring Grammar iii (Units 6-7) p.60 Revision (Units 1-7) p61 Phrasal verbs iii - reposition p.62 Unit 8 Past perfect ~ Past perfect continuous ~ Past perfect vs Past perfect continuous p64 Unit 9. The infinitive - The -ing form — Verbs with both -ing and infinitive = too - enough p.70 Exploring Grammar iv (Units 8-9) p78 Revision (Units 1-9) p.79 Phrasal verbs iv - Prepositions iv... p. 80 Unit 10 Future tenses, unit 11 Unit 12 Wishes .... Conditionals Exploring Grammar v (Units 10-12) Revision (Units 1-12) Phrasal verbs v - Prepositi Unit 13 The passive Unit 14 Reflexive - Emphatic pronouns... Unit 15 The causative Exploring Grammar vi (Units 13-15) Revision (Units 1-15) Phrasal verbs vi - Prepositions vi Unit 16 Unit 17 ‘Modal verbs Nouns/Plurals - Countable/ UncountableyPlural/Group Nouns. somefanyhna/every & compounds an ~ the - one/ones Unit 18 Unit 19 Exploring Grammar vii (Units 16-19) Revision (Units 1-19) Phrasal verbs vii - Prepositions Unit 20 Unit 21 Reported speech Clauses of purpose - Clauses of reason ~ Clauses of concession Unit 22 Question tags vo Exploring Grammar viii (Units 20-22) Revision (Units 1-22) Phrasal verbs - Prepositions Further practice material Revision of tenses Multiple choice questions Sentence transformations Irregular verbs p.82 p. 86 p.92 p.94 p.95 p.96 p.98 p.102 p.104 + p.106 p.107 p08 p10 p18 122 p.125 130 p13 p.132 p.134 . p42 p.146 - p.148 p.149 . p.150 p.1s4 p.156 p.158\ ) Prepositions of place/movement/time e7 @ near next to/beside A 2: Sf infront of behind among (around on top of against to say where an event takes place. There aren't many people at the theatre. in the expressions: at school/university/college, at work, at home, at the top of, at the bottom of, at sea (= working on a ship), at the station/airport, at the seaside, etc. with addresses when we mention the house number. They live at 77 Falcon Road. BUT in Highfield Street + to talk about a person’s house or business. at Emily's (house), at the butcher's In We use in: ‘in the expressions: in the middle, in the sky, in the shade, in bed, in hospital, in prison, in a newspaper/magazine/book, in a picture/photo, in a street, in the world, in this lesson, in the country, in one’s hand, etc. ‘+ with the names of towns, cities, countries and continents. in Henley, in Paris, in Spain, in Asia Note: We use in when we refer to a building itself. However, we use at when we refer to the normal function of the building. There were lots of people in the cinema, (inside the building) There were lots of ‘people at the cinema. (They were watching the film) On ‘We use on in the expressions: on the left/right, on a(n)/the platform/page/screen/island/beach/coast, ‘on a map, on a farm, on a/the menu, on the first/second floor, etc, on the phone. The sports shop is on the first floor. ‘on a chair BUT in an armchair ‘on/at the comer ofa street BUT in the corner of a room, go/run round the commer ct fa eT ut of over through along Cy. GeO +O past towards * When we talk about a means of transport, we use the preposition by. by car/bus/train/taxi/plone/boat BUT on foot ‘+ We do not use the preposition by when there is an article (a/an/the), a possessive adjective (my, your, etc.) or a possessive case before the means of transport. ‘on the train (NOT: by-the-teaie), in your car (NOT: by-your-eat), on the two o'clock bus, on the plane, in Trev’s carV Prepositions of time Prepositions of place/movement/time \\ y at On the time: at three o’clock holidays: at Christmas, at Easter in the expressions: at the ‘moment, at present, at dawn, at noon, at lunchtime, at night, at ‘midnight, at the weekend months: in July/August, etc seasons: in (the) spring/summer/ autumn/winter years: in 2012/2013, etc in the expressions: in the morning/ ‘afternoon/evening, in an hour, in a minute, in a week/tew days/month/year| days: on Friday, on New Year's Day’ dates: on 23rd August specific part of a certain day: on Saturday afternoon adjective + day: on 0 windy day ‘= We use the prepositions from t0/till/until to show duration. 1'm busy from 6 to/till/until 11 this morning. ‘+ We use the preposition in when we want to say how long it takes to do something. ‘Mum usually prepares breakfast in ten minutes. Susan gets to work in twenty minutes. ‘+ Prepositions of time are not used: a) with the words today, tomorrow, tonight and yesterday. Let's go out tonight. b) with the words this, last, next, every, all, some, each, one and any. Art classes start this Friday. (NOT: on-this-feiday) FB] Look at the picture and fill in the gaps with the correct preposition from the list. ‘in front of * behind * next to © on top of * on (x2) * between Matthew has got a nice bedroom. There is a rug 1) on the floor and a big window 2) : the bed. Matthew's desk is 3) ‘ his wardrobe and there is a chair Be tk ‘i the desk. Matthew's bedside table is 5) F the bed and the wardrobe. There is a blue pillow 6) the bed and a football the wardrobe. Fill in the gaps with at, in or on and one of the places from the list. ‘hospital © the platform * college * an island * bed * the airport 1. Steven is in bed with a cold. 2 We're waiting for the train to London. 3. Aunt Mabel is because she's sick. 4 We have to be «.. . by 10 o'clock because our fight leaves at 8:00. 5 -Becky is studying French this year. 6 They've got a holiday home and they go there every summer. Choose the correct preposition. 1 Dad drives past/beside the baker's on his way to work. 2 There is a poster of Ronaldo up/above my desk. 3 Walk among/along the street until you get to the post office. Helen’s house is opposite/between the cinema, Your shoes are below/under your bed. Don't lean against/by the wall ~ the paint is still wet! My mobile phone doesn’t work when the train goes through/across a tunnel. 8 We live next/near the airport 9 Your breakfast is on/at the table. 10 Pour your soup into/onto a bigger bow! 11. The dog jumps off/out of his basket and runs to meet me when I get home. 12. The boy next door is always throwing his ball over/up our fence.} Prepositions of place/movement/time a Fill in at, in, on where necessary. 6 | Choose the correct item. 1 Lusually get up late on Sunday morning, 1 Let's go for a walk ..... the afternoon. 2 We're moving house ...... the spring A at ©in © on 3. Ryan often reads a book...... the train 2 In this photo, Ben is standing ..... the 4... the moment, Emily is studying Art mountain, 5 Frank goes to the gym...... every A above —-B ontopot_G round Wortnesdey. 3 | play tennis ..... Tuesdays. 6 We're going shopping ..... today Ain Bat con 7 Look at that kite high up ..... the sky! 4. There are a lot of cars, so walk... the road 8 The children get lots of presents oaetey Christma ems: A across B around CG among Sally and Dave are getting married 26th May. 5 Tho cat usually jumps and takes a nap. the garden chair 10 Laura lives ...... 21 Willow Road 11 My cousins are coming to stay with us pate eso iG, reo a few days 6 I cycle... the post office every morning 12 On New Year's Eve, we set off fireworks A along B through past midnight. : i 7 The gymis...... the new sports centre. 13. The Jones family spend every summer A opposite B between © against the seaside. 14s... September, Ben is starting secondary Oat dase School A at B on Cin 15. I've got a doctor's appointment ...... Tuesday. 9 The football pitch is ..... the bus station. A next Bat near a Choose the correct preposition. 10 Wake me up ..... six o'clock, A at B in © on From: alex98@mail.com oo Describe the picture to your partner using Subject:[Venice Prepositions and the verbs below. Hi Laura! How are you? Im having a great ime here 1) infat Venice! I'm staying 2) at/in my cousin Guido's house. It's right 3) besic ide the Grand Canal and the view is amazing! Today, we're going 4) against/across the canal for a walk 5) throughVinside the Rialto Market. Then, 6) at/on lunchtime, we're going to a restaurant called Do Farai Guido says they always have fresh seafood 7) onvat the ‘menu there. After that, were going back home for some rest because, 8) in/on the evening, Guido is taking me for a boat ride 9) along/among the Grand Canal. | can't wait to see Venice 10)avin night - | hear its beautiful See you when I getback, Alex *jump * sit © sleep © climb * run ¢ lean ‘A: There’s a puppy jumping over some flowers. B: There's a boy leaning against a tree. eteQuantifiers oO How many apples has Irene has got a few Joan has got (very) How much milk has Abby has got (very) Megan got? She has apples. She can few apples. She can’t Belinda got? She has _itte milk and she {got a jot offlots of | make an apple pie. make an apple pie. got alittle milk and _hasn’t got any flour, ‘apples. She can make some flour. She can She can’t make ‘on apple pie. ‘make a cake. cake, ‘some/any/no ~ a lot (of) - (how) much/many ~ (a) few/(a) little Countable Uncountable Affirmative some/a lot (of)/lots (of)/ | some/a lot (of)/lots (of)/ (a) few/(too) many (@) litle/(too) much Negative | nojnot any/not many _| no/not any/not much Interrogative | any/(how) many any/(how) much * Some, any and no are used with uncountable nouns and plural countablé nouns. Some is normally used in affirmative sentences. Any is used in interrogative and negative sentences. There are some biscuits in the jar. Is there any juice? No, there isn’t any in the fridge. We can use no instead of not any in the negative. There aren't any biscuits. There are no biscuits. Some can also be used in questions when we expect a positive answer, for example when we make a request or an offer. Would you like some tea? Can you make some coffee, please? ‘We normally use a lot of/lots of in affirmative sentences with plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns. We omit of when a lot/lots is not followed by a noun. A lot of can be used in interrogative and negative sentences in informal English. We've got a lot offlots of sweets. There is @ lot of juice in the jug. BUT Have you got many books? Yes, I've got a lot/lots We normally use much and many in interrogative and negative sentences. Much goes before uncountable nouns and many goes before plural countable nouns. Is there much milk in the carton? There isn’t much milk let. Have you got many DVDs? | haven’t got many DVDs. How much butter do you want? Not much. How many children are there at football practice? Not many. Too many can be used with plural countable nouns and has a negative meaning. It shows that there is more of something than is wanted or needed. There are too many cars on the road. ‘Too much can be used with uncountable nouns and has a negative meaning, It shows that there is more of something than is wanted or needed. There's too much traffic on the motorway. We use a few/few with plural countable nouns (apples, pears, etc). I've got a few cherries. Il make a cherry pie. (= not many but enough - positive meaning) (Very) few people go to the new restaurant as itis very expensive. (= hardly any/almost no - negative meaning) We use a little/little with uncountable nouns (milk, honey, water, etc). I’ve got a little flour I'l make a cake. (= not much but enough — positive meaning) I’ve got little time today. We can’t go to the shops. (= hardly any/almost no ~ negative meaning) We can use few and little after very. Very is used for emphasis. There are very few tea bags in the box. We've got very litle jam. Fal] a) Look at the pictures (A-E) and the examples. Underline all the quantifiers. b) How are they used in the sentences?Quantifiers a Fill in the gaps with some or any. 1 ‘A: Have we got any strawberries? B: No, but there are ... .. apples. 2 A: Would you like coffee? B: No, thanks. Have you got tea? 3A: There aren't carrots in the fridge. B: It's OK. | can buy .. ... ON My way home from school 4 A: We haven't got .. potatoes. B: Never mind. lean make . pasta 5 A: Isthere cola in the house? B: No, but we've got .... orange iuice. a Choose the correct item. 1 A: How much/How many cereal do you want? B: Not a lot of/much. 2 A: There aren't many/much tomatoes left. B: Do you want me to buy some more? 3 A: Are there much/many bananas in the truit bowl? B: No, but there are a lot of/much pears. 4 A: How much/How many eggs do you need for the cake? B: Not many/much. Just two or three. ‘A: Is there many/much ice cream in the freezer? B: Yes, there's lots/lot. Fill in the gaps with too much or too many. 1 2 Don't put too much sugar in my hot chocolate. You're making burgers for four people! There's ssalt on these tomatoes. Don't eat .. sweets before dinner. You always put sauce on the spaghetti! Your wardrobe doesn't close. It's got .. Clothes in it I can't drink this tea. There's milk in it. There is . food on my plate. J oan't eat it all Fill in the gaps with a few or a little. 1A: Can | invite a few of my friends over for dinner? B: Of course. 2 A; Do you like the apple pie? B: Yes, but can | have cream with it? 3A; What are you eating? B: Just some yoghurt with jam and nuts. Do you want sugar or honey in your tee? B: Just honey, please. What are you putting in the fruit salad? B: Melon, cherries and ‘rapes. Fill in many, few, much or little. | Hi Paull There isn't 4) much food at home. Can you buy a2) spaghetti for dinner? Received 18:34 Hi Amy! I'm outside Pizza Fest right now. Do ‘you want me to go in and get a 3). slices of pizza instead? Mushrooms on mine, or 5). : cheese. (OK! It takes very 8)... +. time for them to make the pizza, ‘80 see you at home ina Received 18:38EJ A B: A B: Not 3) . A : Just a 6) Fill in the gaps with much, many, how much, how many, few oF litle, Let's make a shopping list for the picnic, OK. 1) How many people are we making sandwiches for? Eight. So we need about two loaves of bread. Za butter have we got in the fridge? Put that on the list. There aren't 4) eon. eggs either. 8) .. do we need? = We can make some egg sandwiches with a 1) corn -.-« Mayonnaise and some with cheese. Is there 8) cheese? : Yes, lots. There isn't 9) lettuce, though, and there aren't 10) rae tomatoes. 3: We can buy some now. 11 money have you got? About £10. Great! Let's go. = Choose the correct item. 1. There isn't... Figg in the cupboard. A many much C few 2 “How much juice have we got?” "a." A Alot B Alotof © Lots of 3. Would you lke ..... chips with your burger? A any B alittle © some 4 There is ...... butter left. I'll need to go to the supermarket. A any B no © some 5 There is very... tea in the pot A litte B few © alittle 6 There are only .... peaches left A afew B alittle © lots 7 How... chairs do we need for the dinner party? A few B many — @ much 8 Are there ..... sweets in the cupboard? A some B much © any Friday + olase ik Geandwiches 2eage S portions of vegetables B slices of pizza 4nuts Bbiecuits B glasses of water Quantifiers Complete the second sentence so that it 15) means the same as the first. Use up to three words. 1. We haven't got much flour We have got very ttle flour. 2 Can you tell me the number of cakes you need? Can you tell me .. .. cakes you need? 8. This pie is really salty There is salt in tis pie. 4. These biscuits are really sweet! There is sugar in these biscutts! 5 There are no steaks in the freezer. There aren't the freezer. 6 | don't want many potatoes. I'm not very hungry. steaks in | only want potatoes. I'm not very hungry. 7 lan drinks very little water. lan doesn't drink es... water. 8 We've got very few carrots. We haven't got carrots. Speaking Look at Tony's food diary. Use the key to tell your partner what Tony eats/drinks. Saturday 3 slices of toast 5 pieces of chocolate 2 cups of tea 8 glasses of water A: On Fridays, Tony drinks very little milk B; On Saturdays, he doesn't eat much toast.\ ) Question words The wh-questions begin with a question word such as who, what, where, when, etc. We put the auxi ry Cis, are, do, does, etc) or modal verb (can, must, etc) before the subject. + who/whose (people) “who mows the lawn every week?” “My dad does.” “whose skateboard is that?” or “Whose is that skateboard?” “Liam's.” what/which (things) ‘What is used alone or before a noun to ask about things. : “What is your favourite colour?” “Purple.” What is also used to ask about people, animals and things when there is an unlimited choice of answers. What films do you like watching? (unlimited choice of films) Which is used alone or before nouns, one/ones and of, to ask about people, animals and things, Which is normally used when there is only a limited choice of answers. “Which T-shirt are you wearing, the blue one or the red one?” “The red on choice) Which is also used with the comparative and superlative form. “Which is faster, a cheetah or a panther?” where (place) “Where are you going in the summer?” “To the south of France.” ” (Which of the two? limited Notes: when/how long (ago)/how often/what time (time) “When does the plane leave?” “At 7 pm, | think.” “How long does it take you to get to school?” “about 15 minutes.” “How often do you go to the gym?” “Every Monday.” “What time do you start tennis practice?” “at6 am.” how much (quantity) “How much sugar do we need for the pie?” “Not much.” how many (number) “How many children are coming to your party?" “Twenty-five.” how (manner) “How are we getting to the ainport?” “By train.” why (reason) “why is John excited?” “Because he's going on holiday tomorrow.” how old (age) “How old are you?” “Sixteen.” how far (distance) “How far is your home from work?” “About five kilometres.” ‘how long/how tall (size) “How long are Bev's boots?” “They go up to her knees.” “How tall s Brad?” "He's 1.90 m tall.” ‘+ We use what + be ... like to ask for a description of someone's character. “What's he like?” “He is very friendly and social. He has many friends and loves meeting new people.” ‘+ We use what + do ... look like to ask for a description of someone's physical appearance. “What does your father look like?” “He's tall and has dark curly hair." G Choose the correct item. 1 sass people ve in your house? ‘k How much (@) How many © How long 2... phone is yours? The black one or the purple one? A What B Whose — G Which 3. ...... do your lessons start? ‘A What time B How often C How long 4 osu. i8 your favourite novel? A Which B Who What 5. ......is the train station from your house? A Howlong —B How far ¢ How often 6... are you smiling? A How B What © whyQuestion words :: where, how long, how far, how much, [B wite questions to which the words in bold what, which, when, how old, how, how many. are the answers. : Good afternoon, Evergreen Summer Camp. 1) How can |help you? a ey {: Hello. I'm interested in this year's camp. Can you tell me 2) it starts? Vesi k : On 21st July. Ivar est And 3) does it last? Wvar is 1)twenty years \: For three weeks. ‘old. He's from 2) Tallinn Excellent. 4) exactly is in Estonia, but he lives in the camp? the UK 3) because he's a : I's in the New Forest, near Lyndhurst. student at Westminster OK. 8) is that from London? University. He lives 4) in 140 kilometres. It takes about two hours by car. taba Het tn : Thanks. 6) does the camp cost? 5) twenty minutes to wal to his lectures every day It's £180 for each child. 7) In his spare time, Ivar likes 6)rowing. He goes to children do you want to book places for? rowing practice 7 five times a week! He enioys rowing Two, please. My son and my daughter. And 8) are they? Eleven and thirteen. ee OK. | can send you an information pack by 14 ‘email or post; 9) do you prefer? 2 3: Email, please. 10) is your address? 2 It’s michael? @mail.co.uk. 4 5 6 7 8 8) because it helps him to relax. How old is var? .: Thank you very much. I'm sending the information now. EF-] Complete questions to find out a few Speakin: things about Tony. es, In pairs, ask and answer questions to vee complete the questionnaire, Tony is friendly and very funny. He likes playing music in his free time. He can play two instruments; the guitar and the drums. ‘Age: under 160 17-240 25-400) over 400] He practises at the weekends. City/Town 5 Occupation: eer aren | buy new clothes: once a week eee mon once a year ae . | usually spend: $10-19( $20-500 over $5001 It's just a twenty-minute drive from his | buy clothes for: family C triands 2) myself () house. | like shopping clothes at Macy's 7 because: His brother drives him there 8 ‘A: How old are you? ‘They practise twice a week. B: I'm... ete il12 \ J] Pronouns/Possessives ~ Personal subject /object pronouns Subject pronouns||, you, he, she, i, we, you, they ‘Object pronouns) me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them Subject pronouns go before verbs as subjects. We use them instead of nouns or names. This coat is so beautiful! It really suits you! Where's Lucy? She's in the classroom. (NOT: Lueyis in the classroom.) Possessive adjectives/pronouns ‘Object pronouns go after verbs or prepositions as objects. ‘Maria's got two dogs. She takes them for a walk every ‘morning. Look at him! Possessive adjectives Possessive pronouns my our mine ours, your your yours yours hisfher/its their his/hers/— theirs + Possessive adjectives show: a) that something belongs to somebody. This is my dog, Jack. b) the relationship between two or more people. These are our daughters, ‘+ We put possessive adjectives before nouns. Is that your umbrella? Note: * its = possessive adjective ‘Look at that bird! Its feathers are beautiful + it’s = itis or it has It's (It’s) a cold windy day. Its (It has) got a long fluffy tal. Possessive case + Possessive pronouns show that something belongs to someone. Possessive pronouns are not followed by nouns. Compare: his is my tablet. (possessive adjective) I's mine. (possessive pronoun) Note: * There is no possessive pronoun for ‘it’. ‘s/s’ (people and animals) of (inanimate things and people) * singular noun + 's — the boy’s ball + regular plural noun + ~ the girs’ bikes * irregular plural noun + ‘s - the women’s handbags + compound noun + ’s — my mother-in-law’s sister ‘+ ‘safter the last of two or more names to show common possession. Mary and Cynthia's cottage (They share the same Mary’s and Kim's cottages (Each one has got their cottage.) BUT . own cottage.) . of + inanimate thing/abstract noun the price tag of a coat, the circle of life of + possessive case/possessive pronoun when there is a determiner or an article (this, any, a, etc) before the noun. Look at this drawing of Da Vinci’! (one of Da Vinci's paintings) A song of his. (one of, his songs) a friend of mine (NOT: of ene) of + people (in longer phrases) That's the brother of one of my classmates. ‘'s/of to talk about places or organisations. Scotland's castles/the castles of Scotland phrases of place + ‘s at the butcher's to singular names ending in - we can either add time/distance expression + 's/' tomorrow's exhibition, two hours’ walk 's or just an apostrophe. Both options are correct. However, 's is more usual. James's jacket (or James’ jacket) The Willis’ are going to Legoland on Saturday. Plural names ending in -s take an apostrophe, just like with other plurals. * We can use the possessive case without a noun after it. This skateboard is not mine. It’s Peter's,Fil the correct subject or ‘object pronoun. 1 Beth is my friend. We are in the same class at school. 2 I take my brother to nursery in the mornings and pick ... up at 3. 3 My dad and | love it when Mum makes ..ocsseoes PIZZA, 4. Billy and Bobby are my dogs. sleep in my bedroom, 5 I'm going shopping. Do want to come with 2 6 I know Penny and vill. | see every Tuesday at basketball practice. 7 Ben is my cousin. lives in Australia, 8 This Maths question is difficult; ........ can't do FR) Fill in the correct possessive adjective/pronoun. TA B: ; 2A This bag doesn't belong to me. Is it yours, Katie? No, it's not mine. It's my mum’. Can | borrow .. bike, Helen? Sorry, | need it. Ray's got a bike. Maybe you can borrow ‘: The Jacksons live on this street. That's house over there. : Yes, and that red car is too, IS this... Coat, Nancy? No, it's Emma's. Those gloves are too. Do you share a room with brother? : Yes. This big bedroom at the front is ... ls Dad home? car is outside. : No, he’s out shopping with Mum. They're using cat, 1 Pronouns/Possessives Fill in its or it's. 1. Let's go for a walk. it's a lovely, sunny day. 2 like my town. ....... got lots of great shops. 3 My parents’ bedroom has got ....... own bathroom. 4 The new sports centre is fantastic! got three different swimming pools. 5 Your puppy is so cute! | love ....... big, brown eyes. 6 | really enjoy Science. ....... my favourite subject. Connect the nouns using 's, (), or of. Britain/the prime Minister the Prime Minister of Britain drive/three hours shop/Ellen and Mike jungles/Atrica books/the boys mobile phone/Anna some cousins/my father car/my brother-in-law cat/Mrs Ellis the toys/children Searonsons Choose the correct item. Are those Adams'/Adam’s shoes? My sister is 21. She/Her is at university. This is ours/our school. Look at that tree. It's/Its leaves are a lovely colour. Maria is in the women’s/womens’ changing room, |s Derek a friend of yours/you? love Luke's and Emma’s/Luke and Emma's new flat, This scart is mine/my. Those earrings are beautiful. Can | try them/they? |'m going to the opticians’7optician’s to buy some new glasses. Speaking Write the names of people, places or things you like or don't like in the boxes below. Searousone a singer a sportsman Now, in pairs, take it in turns to ask your partner: What do you think of ...? ‘A: What do you think of the Killers? B: I ike them. They sing really nice songs. Their latest CD is great. 13The verbs to be, have got, can I'm, He/She/t’s, We/You/They're tm not, He/She/It isn’t, We/You/They aren't ‘Am Ps he/she/it?, Are we/you/they? Yes, |am., Yes, he/she/itis, Yes, we/you/they are. Answers No, I'm not., No, he/she/it isn’t, No, we/you/they aren‘t. In short answers, we do not repeat the whole question, ‘We only use Yes of No, the subject pronoun and the verb form am (‘m not)/is (isn‘t)/are (aren't). ‘Are you Spanish? No, I'm not. We use the verb have got: 4) to show that something belongs to somebody. She's got « bike. 1b) to describe people, animals or things. He's got short fair hair ©) to talk about relationships. I’ve got a twin sister, d)in the following expressions: I've got a headache, I've got a temperature, I've got a cough, I've got a toothache, I've got a cold I've got a problem. Affirmative | |/We/You/They've got. | He/She/It’s got. Negative |/We/You/They haven't got. He/She/it hasn’t got. Interrogative | Have I/we/you/they got? | Has he/she/it got? Short Yes, liwe/you/they have. Yes, he/she/it has. ‘Answers No, I/welyou/the haven't. No, he/she/it hasn't. In short answers, we only use Yes or No, the subject pronoun and the verb have (haven’t)/has (hasn't). We don’t use got. Have you got a notebook? Yes, | have. (NOT: Yes-Liawe-got.) We use got more in the present and not so often in the past tense. She had skates when she was younger (NOT: She had get... - itis less common) Affirmative | |/You/He/She/It/We/You/They can walk. Negative UYou/te/She/It/We/You/They can’t walk. Interrogative | Can I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they walk? Short Yes, liyou/he/she/it/we/you/they can. Answers No, l/youshe/she/it/we/you/they can’t. + The verb can is the same in all persons in the singular and in the plural, and is always followed by a verb. '* We use can to show ability. can dance. | can’t play the piano.1 2 3 10 " 12 26 ircle the correct form of the verb have got, can or be. (B/ Are Michael your triena”? We hasn't / haven't got a pet. Jean / can't meet you tomorrow. I'm tree all day I'm not / aren't a very good dancer. Tim have / has got a really bad headache. Jack and Abigail isn't / aren't in Year 10. They're in Year 8. | can't / can check my emails. My computer isn’t working Have / Has you got a new Ww Can't /Can Norman play chess? Jenny hasn't / haven't got any homework to do. Raymond aren't / isn't my cousin ‘Am / Are we leaving soon? the correct form of have got, can or be to find out a few things about James and his family. 1 James is twenty years old. 2 He brown hair and green eyes. 3 He very friendly and intelligent. 4 James two sisters. 5 They twins. Their names are Jessica and Suzie. 6 They play the piano but they sing or dance. James and his sisters : students at Loughborough College. They car so they take the bus to college. The verbs to be, have got, can \\ } Fy] Complete the exchanges using the correct form of have got, can or be. 1 A: Can you ride a motorbike? B: No, I can’t, but | can ride a horse. 2A Luca and Sonia from Spain? B: Yes, they They speak Spanish. 3A you acold? B: No, | But! a fever. 4h Susie read and write? B: No, she .... She's only three! 5A Matteo from Portugal? Bz No, he ei He... from ttaly 6A you make me a sandwich? B: No, | We any bread. 7A Robin abike? B: Yes, he eee ot blue and white. 8A you a brother? B: Yes, | He 16 years old, Read Emma's personal profile and fill in the gaps with the correct form of have got, can or be. Hil My name 4)is Emma and | 2) ... eighteen years old. | 3) brown hair and blue eyes. | live in London with my parents. They 4) . both doctors. and they 5) seeeseee AN Office on Harley Street. | 6) .. any brothers or sisters. 11) fide ANd 1 8) o:eeeoe a horse. His name 9) .. . Thomas. He 10) black and he 44) @ long tail. Thomas 12) old, so he 13) fun very fast, but he 14) still jump over fences Speaking and Writing Use the words in the list to make true sentences about yourself. Tell the class. Then, write a short paragraph presenting yourself on your personal profile. ‘* short hair * green eyes * tall © 16 years old ‘* History student * one brother *acat * laptop ‘sa skateboard * ride a horse * play the piano sing ‘* speak English * only child * play basketball I haven't got short hai 1616 The Moon | work as a teacher, ‘moves around but this summer | am the Earth, also helping out at my ‘mother's bookshop. Present simple Present simple vs Present continuous The band sings briliantly this album, When is their Tat time does rnext single coming out? the train arrive?, Lately it is becoming dificult for people to get to work on time due to (at $:30, but it always running They aren't releasing) it until the end of the| Form: main verb (+S in the third person singular) | Form: to be + main verb + -ing eat, He/She/it eats, AFFIRMATIVE WerYou/They eat Vm running, He/She/it’s running, AFFIRMATIVE We/You/They're running don’t eat, NEGATIVE He/She/It doesn’t eat, NEGATIVE He/She/It isn’t running, We/You/They don’t eat We/You/They aren't running 'm not running, Dol eat? INTERROGATIVE Does he/she/it eat? Do we/you/they eat? ‘Am | running? INTERROGATIVE Is he/she/it running? Are we/you/they running? ANSWERS Yes, he/she/it does./ Yes, I/we/you/they do./ Yes, | am./No, I'm not. SHORT No, lI/we/you/they don't. SHORT Yes, he/she No, he/she/it doesn't. No, we/you/they aren't. INo, he/she/it isn't ‘ANSWERS Yes, we/you/they are./ Spetng 3rd person singular ‘+ Most verbs take-s in the third person singular. + Most verbs add -ing to the base form of the main verb. I walk ~ he walks | Spelling: -ing work - working, drink — drinking, send — sending Verbs ending in -ss,-sh, -ch, -x and--o, take -es. + Verbs ending in -e, drop the -e and add -ing. 1 kiss — he kisses, | fish —he fishes, | catch ~ catches, | mix — he mixes, | go - he goes he dance — dancing, type - typing ‘+ Verbs ending in a vowel and a consonant, double the Verbs ending in a consonant + y, drop the -y consonant and add -ing. and take -ies. try - he tries Verbs ending in a vowel + y take -s only. | buy — he buys ‘We use the present simple for: * permanent states. sit sitting, admit ~ admitting + Verbs ending in -ie change the -ie to -y and add -ing. lie — lying We use the present continuous: * for temporary actions and situations. lan lives ina two-bedroom cottage in the countryside. _ John is working overtime these days. habits and routines (with always, usually, etc). + for actions taking place at or around the moment Molly aways brushes her teeth after every meal of speaking. He's listening to music right now. timetables and programmes (future reference). + for fixed arrangements in the near future. The charity shop opens at 9 o'clock. general truths and laws of nature. Water boils at 100°C. sporting commentaries, reviews and narrations. Leonardo Di Caprio successfully plays the Frank Abagnale in “Catch me if you can”. We are going on safari next month, for currently changing and developing situations. ‘Computers are becoming faster every day. with adverbs such as always to express anger or irritation at a repeated action role of You are always calling me late at night!verb is uses of these tenses does each verb show? the third person singular form of the verbs below. 1 walk- walks 6 match — 2 cy - 7 listen — 3 fix 8 wish — 4 say - Odo - 5 kiss — 10 take — -s/-es in the third person singular is pronounced: ++ /5/ in verbs ending in /t/, /k/, /p/ of /t/ sounds. * fil in verbs ending in /s/, fl, Mf, [asf or fal sounds. * [21 in verbs ending in all other sounds. EJ Write the third person singular of the verbs in the correct box, as in the example. Then, read the verbs aloud. ‘talk «finish ¢go * teach * drink * enjoy give brush * miss * stop * chat * run * catch * begin « sit * change talks, finishes, | goes, FW Complete the exchanges with the present simple of the verbs in brackets. 1. A: Do you leave (you/leave) home at seven o'clock every day? B: Yes, but the bus (nov/arrive) until 7.20. 2A. (Jo/work) in London? B: Yes, but she (live) in Reading, 3A (Ben and Ashley/play) football on Tuesdays? B: No, they (g0) swimming, 4 A: What (Alex/do) after class every day? B: He . (hang out) with his friends. Present simple vs Present continuous Look at the pictures (A-E) on p. 16 and underline all the verbs. a) Identify in which tense each b) How do we form the affirmative, negative and interrogative of these tenses? c) Which Gputtre vert in the correct box adding - ing. ‘open *move *tie *run * talk * stop give *die * write * buy * begin * make opening, moving, tying, running, Look at the picture and correct the sentences, as in the example. Use the phrases below. use a laptop * talk on the phone * buy a ticket + drink a cup of coffee stand on the platform 1. Anna is reading the newspaper. No, she isn’t. She's using a laptop. 2 Lizzie is eating a sandwich. 3. Pauls sitting on a bench. 4. Louise is sending a text message 5 Tony is ordering some food, 17You're Peter, dren't you? I never forget a face. \ ) Adverbs of frequency ‘Adverbs of frequency ‘Adverbs of frequency show us how often something happens. They answer the question: ‘How often ...”. We 18 often use adverbs of frequency with the present simple. “How often does Stella go abroad on holiday?” “Never. She never goes abroad.” We use adverbs of frequency: a) before the main verb. Bob always has breakfast with his children. b)after the auxiliary verbs be, have, do and modal verbs such as can, will, must, etc. ‘Our new neighbour is always so friendly to everyone. Bob doesn’t usually drink coffee in the morning. Note: The adverbs rarely/seldom/hardly ever and never have a negative meaning, and they are never used with the word not. Tom rarely watches TV in the evenings. (NOT: Tom dassa‘t-sarely watch TV in the evenings.) Anna is a vegetarian. She never eats meat (NOT: ... she doesn‘tnever eat meat.) Fa Look at the pictures and the adverbs of frequency. a) What do they show? b) How are they used in a sentence? Tick the appropriate gap in the sentences below to indicate the correct position of the adverb of frequency. 1 Terry .¥, works .... outdoors .... in the summer. (usually) 2. Kolly .. is... late .... for college. (never) 3 My flatmate .... asks .... me .... to cook dinner. (often) 4 Laura .... can .... be .... careless. (sometimes) 5 Annie..... is... at home .... these days. (rarely) 6 Peter ... plays .... hockey .... at the weekends. (seldom) 7 Juliette... has .... wanted .... to go scuba diving, (always) 8 Joseph .... eats .... seafood .... ~ he can't stand it! (never) @ Tracey .... doesn't .... go to the gym on weekdays. (usually) 10 Kim .... hangs out .... with her friends at the mall. (often) Who said anything) about names? Where can you ‘always find happiness? in a dictionary. ‘Adverbs of frequency always (100%) sometimes (20%) usually (759) | rarely/seldom/hardly ever (10%) ‘often (50%) _/never (0%) Make sentences, as in the example. Use the adverbs of frequency from the key. KEY [always [sometimes usually “* — [rarely/seldom * [often "never 1 wewatch/TV (**) We sometimes watch TV. 2 Lucinda/wear/casual clothes (*) 3. Joe and Anna/be/lazy (0) 4 you/buy/clothes/at Topshop? (***) 5 Trevor/be/polite (***"") 6 Andy/start/work/at 8.30 (****) 7 Michelle/drive/to college? (***) 8 Vcan/understand/TV programmes/in French. (***)_ nowadays, stil today, tonight, et Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the present continuous. Beth often opens (open) her shop at the weekends, but this Saturday she is taking (take) a day oft. We rar ly... (finish) lessons before 3:00 pm, but today they (Close) the college at 1:00. My COUSINS «nn _ (eat) dinner at my house once a ‘week, but tonight we vo. (meet) in a restaurant. David usually. _ (stop) work at 6 pm, but this afternoon he . (leave) at 3.30. Most days, we .. (walk) to the shops, but this morning we (drive). Time words/phrases we use with the present simple are: usually, ‘often, always, every day/week/month/year, etc. in the moming/ afternoon/evening, at night/ the weekend, on Fridays, ete. “Time words/phrases we use with the present continuous ‘now, this week/month, etc. at the moment, at present, these days, Choose the correct time expression. Claire is working part-time every week/these days. ‘We go skating this Thursday/on Thursdays. ‘Are you playing golf today/every day? ‘Why is she always/usually talking so loudly? It's so annoying! Is Simon every day/still ooking for a job? ‘We drive to France in August every year/this year. Dad is working overtime this evening/every evening ‘Susan is watching a DVD at weekends/now. Rane ervoa aa fact or permanent state ba temporary situation ‘© a changing or developing situation da habit or routine ea general truth or law of nature {a fixed arrangement in the near future a timetable 2 sporting commentary EE} Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the present simple or the present continuous. 1A: Is Pau! going (Paul/go) to Berlin next week? B: Yes, he (visit) relatives in Munich, but he (not/stay) for long. (you/do) anything after class today? B: Yes, | ~ (lake) my dog to the vet. (Laura/ usually/sit) hore? B: 0S, BU ShE srr (not/eome) in today. She oo sess (WoFK) from home. an co (Walla take part) in the concert next week? B: Yes. She's an excellent violinist ~ she ... : essen (practise every day, BA: What time nnn (Anna and Kevin/finish) college on Fridays? B: Well, they (usually/finish) at 3.30, but today they ... (stay) late to rehearse for the summer show. Adverbs of frequency \ ) fi) Identify the tenses in bold, and then match them to the correct description. 1920 Stative Verbs are verbs which describe a state rather than an action, and do not normally have continuous tenses. These verbs include: verbs of the senses (see, hear, smell, taste, feel, look, sound, seem, appear, etc). You seem very tired. verbs of perception (know, believe, understand, realise, remember, forget, etc). | don't know what you're talking about. verbs which express feelings and emotions (like, some other verbs: agree, be, belong, contain, love, hate, enjoy, prefer, want, etc). Kim loves this cartoon show. continue, cost, fit, have (= possess), include, matter, need, ‘owe, own, require, suppose, weigh, wish, etc. These jeans don’t fit me; Il try on another pair Some of these verbs can be used in continuous tenses when they describe actions and not states, but there is a difference in meaning. Present simple Present continuous ‘She is very friendly. (= character — permanent state) He is being very polite. (= he is behaving - temporary state) Think his new house is great. (=| believe) Tim thinking about going to Wales. (= 1am considering) They have a holiday villa, (= they possess) We're having o fantastic time. They/re having a party. = are holding) He's having o pizza. (=i eating) This dress looks very elegant. (= appears) Tm looking at some interesting paintings. ( Tam taking a look at) Tsee that you can play tennis really well (= its visible) | see why you lke their new CD. (= understand) 1/'m seeing an old school friend tonight. (= | am meeting) This tie feels lke silk, (= it has the texture of) Ben is Feeling his Forehead to see if he’s got a temperature. (= s| touching) This coke tastes very sweet. (= it has a sweet flavour) “She's tasting te Soup to see it's OK. (= she is testing the flavour) These lilies smell lovely. (= they have a nice aroma) Kim is smelling the perfume to see i she likes it. = she is sniffing) ‘She appears to be very tired. = she seems) ‘My son is appearing in the school play. (= he is performing) This skr fits you perfectly (zit i the right size) Tins fiting a basketball hoop inthe garden. (= he Ws instaling) Choose the correct verb tense. 1A: This dress is beautiful and it isn’t costing/doesn't cost much. B: | know, but | ’m looking/look for something more formal. 2 A: That suit is fitting/fits you perfectly! B: Thanks! It belongs/is belonging to my brother. I’m borrowing it for my job interview. 3 A: Are you wanting/Do you want to work the evening shift this week? B: | prefer/am preferring working in the mornings. 'm not knowing/don’t know where Charlie and John are. B: They have/are having a meeting with Mr Cousins. 5 A; You seem/are seeming nervous, B Yes, | think/am thinking about my first day of college tomorrow. Fill in the gaps with the present simple or the present continuous of the verb given. 1 have a Chris has a pet dog. b We are having lunch with Aunt Sarah today. 2 look a. Your new bedroom fantastic! b Ie. at this magazine. 3 appear a My friend ... ina programme on TV. b Joshua .. to be very happy today. 4 think a Colin . about becoming a pilot. bl... . paramedics have a difficult job, 5 see a Mum her brother later today. Tleee meer why you like painting ~ It’s very creative,Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the present simple or the present continuous. How are you? 1) Do you like (youMlike) your university course? | ea. (take) a break from studying and, at the moment, | 3). (work) at Greenfields College. | ae (usually/arrive) at work at 8 am and | 6)... (not/leave) until after 6 pm, so its a good thing | 6)... (love) my job! | 7). (teach) Art History at the college on weekdays and, at weekends, | 8) 4 (volunteer) at a museum, This Saturday we 9)... (have) an Egyptian Day. All the staff 10)... cove (Wear) ancient Egyptian costumes and they 11)... swseee (BOVE) Egyptian food in the museum café. It 12)... sone: (SUNG) fun! What 13) onscreen Jus (youfde) on Sunday? | 14) wesssssninnnnennnnns (nOWdo) anything special, but | 15) . (think) of going to the cinema. I cen (you/want) to come with me? Call me, Thomas GF] Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the present simple or the present continuous. Then, answer the questions about yourself. 1 Do you like (youflike) going to the cinema? Yes, | do. / No, | don't. 2 os (YOuMUBe) a computer ight now? 3. . . sss (you/do) note homework at the moment? Mee cnn Yourplay) sports athe weekend? 5 a vn - (your dad/work) inan office? 6 — (your munhave) inch at work? 7 (you/surf the Net) most days? 8 - : (your best friend/sit) next to you now? Stative verbs \! J Transformations Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use up to three words. 1 | have an appointment with Mrs Snow this afternoon. 1am meeting Mrs Snow this afternoon. 2. They always start work before 9 o'clock. They 7 after 9 o'clock. 3 We have French lessons on Mondays and Wednesdays, We have French lessons week 4 My plans for this Saturday include going to the cinema. \ ae to the cinema this Saturday, 5 Emily doesn't often go out in the evenings, Emily rarely . in the evenings. 6 Tony is in Stratford now, but his job is in central London. Tony is in Stratford now, but he asa central London, Speaking ‘What do you like doing in your {free time? What are you doing this weekend? Tell your partner. ‘A:.What do you usually do in ‘your free time? B: | usually ... . | sometimes What about you? A: | don’t like ... $0 J often B What are you doing this weekend? A: I'm going Writing Using your answers from the Speaking activity, write an ‘email to a friend telling him/her what you usually do in your free time and what your plans are for this weekend. Use ex. 16 as a model. 2122 ‘Mum, do you remember my classmate Irene who | usually go to the ‘gym with? You knows the one whose sister works atthe hairdressers The relative pronouns who/that, where you sometimes go! Well, I've got a book of hers, which I’m ‘whose and which/that, and the | reading for English class, and she wants it back. Is it on my desk? I's felative adverbs where, when and | oyiver Twist. It’s the one | was reading the day when I was il. why introduce relative clauses. Relative pronouns people who/that objects/animals | which/that possession whose Relative adverbs place | where time | when ‘We use who/that to refer to people. The lady who/that owns that beautiful house is my Art teacher. ‘We use which/that to refer to animals, objects and ideas. The film which/that won this year's Oscar is on TV tonight. We use whose with people, objects and animals in order to show possession. We cannot omit whose in a relative clause. This is the woman whose son is a famous footballer. We don’t use a relative pronoun with another pronoun (1, you, he, him, etc). 1 know someone who films wildlife documentaries. (NOT: | know someone who he-fls wide. ocuaentaries) Ah yes, I can see it! | really don’t know the reason why you keep forgetting things! Relative pronouns as subjects and objects * We cannot omit who/which/that when it is the subject of a relative clause, that is, when there is not a noun or subject pronoun between the relative pronoun and the verb. I'met a man. He is a pilot. I1met a man who/that isa pilot. We can omit who/which/that when it is the object of a relative clause, that is, when there is ‘@ noun or subject pronoun between the relative pronoun and the verb, This is my new scooter. ast ee Brat This is my new scooter (which/that) | use to go to work. Note: Do not confuse who's, the short form of who is and who has, with whose, which expresses possession. ‘+ We use when to refer to time. When is used after nouns such as time, period, moment, day and season. It can be replaced by that or omitted. Do you remember the day (when/that) you passed your driving test? We use where to refer to places. Where is used after nouns such as place, house, street, town and country. The town where | come from is really small. We use why to give reasons. Why can be used after the word reason, and in this case it can be replaced by that or omitted. Do you know the reason (why/that) she always feels so tired?Defining - Non-defining relative clauses There are two types of relative clauses: defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clauses. * A defining relative clause gives necessary information and is essential to the meaning of the main sentence. We do not put the clause in commas, and it is introduced with who, which, that, whose, where, when and the reason (why). The relative pronoun can be omitted when it is the object of the relative clause. Relatives The family who lives next door is having a party. (Which family? The family who lives next door.) Did you find the book (which/that) you were looking for? (Which book? The one which you were looking for.) ‘A non-defining relative clause gives extra information and is not essential to the meaning of the main sentence. The clause is put in commas, and it is introduced with who, which, whose, where and when. We cannot omit the relative pronoun or adverb. We cannot use that instead of who or which. ‘Maria, who is very clever, won a Maths competition. (‘Maria won a Maths competition’ - the meaning of the sentence is clear; ‘who is very clever’ - the relative clause — gives extra information) Look at the picture and examples on p. 22. Look at the words in bold. a) Say which are relative pronouns and which are relative adverbs. Underline one defining and one non-defining relative clause. What is the difference between defining and non-defining relative clauses? b) Which relative pronoun or adverb can we replace with that? Choose the correct item. ‘That's the girl who's/whose father is a surgeon. Do you know who's/whose sitting next to Jane? Is that the man who’s/whose got a clothes shop? ‘That's the lady who’s/whose daughter owns the nail salon. ‘What's the name of the boy who's/whose party you're going to? Mr Alvin is the man who's/whose doing the interviews. Fill in the gaps with where, when, why, who or which. A; Is that your computer? B: Yes, it's the one which | use for work. ‘A; Do you know Mari B: : Is she the git. . designs clothes for Topshop? ‘A: Can we meet at 1 o'clock? B: Sure. That's the time .. L usually have my lunch break. A: Do you know the reason .... . Toby is late today? B: Yes, he's got a doctor's appointment A: Is this the shop .... so dull works? B: Yes, she’s a shop assistant here. ‘A: Can | see the book you're reading these days? B: Of course. It's upstairs in my bedroom. ‘Match to form sentences and {ill in the relative pronouns or son is a graphic designer. Bes goes to your daughter's school? cue Danielle is upset? di sons OWNS the Italian restaurant. @ which Jake wears to work. fe . Bev works. a . Leary my books in. fh coostenctareas Uta university i ener seinem 2324 Relatives Join the sentences. Use relative pronouns and adverbs. 1. | want to speak to the waiter. He works the morning shift J want to speak to the waiter who works the ‘morning shift. 2 You always want clothes. They are really expensive, 3. That's the office. My dad works there. 4 Tomorrow is the day. I'm having my job interview. 5 | can't understand. You are always losing your keys. 6 Ike the jacket. You wear it to college. 7. This is the place. We park our car here. 8 Kelly is the girl. Her brother is an actor. a Fill in the correct relative pronoun. Then write S for subject or O for object. Finally, state if the relative can be omitted or not. 1 What's the name of the woman who/that is in charge of the bank? (S- not omitted) 2 Thisis the bike [ride at the weekends. 3 Is that the man . presents the news? 4 Dale is the student uncle is the headteacher. 5 The laptop I'm using now is new. 6 That's the gir .. Set up our online shop. 7 November is the time of the year | usually plant roses. 8 Is this the department deals with customers’ complaints? ie Fill in with a relative pronoun or adverb. Write D for defining, ND for non-defining, and state if the relative can be omitted or not. Add commas where necessary. 1 Jason, who is a banker, works at Leicester Bank. ND ~ not omitted 2 The skirt you're wearing looks great. 3° Mr Simmons ......... Shop is on Frith Street is employing me for the summer, 4 Laura «oo... 18 only 25 is already a famous author. . 5 | like the earrings . you're wearing today. 6 This is the shop .......... | Buy all my shoes. 7 Mycar | drive to college is blue. 8 Ben and Tom .. mother is from Spain run a Spanish restaurant, 9 Thursday is the day OUT NEW LULOF sssnesssesesene 10 Do you like this dress... I'm making for my baby cousin? a we're meeting a Choose the correct item. 1. Where's the security guard ...... usually sits outside? @® who B whose © who's 2 This is the magazine ...... Lydia edits A where B when which 3 Chris is someone swimming club. | know from the A which B who © whose 4 The traffic is the reason ....... I'm not home. yet. A which B why © who 5 Where's the file ...... Penny needs for her presentation? A where B who © which 6 This is the restaurant 1 meet my friends for lunch, A which B where © when 7 Is that the couple ‘swimming pool? house has a big A who Bwhos © whose 8 Next Saturday is the day ....... the football season starts. A when B which © whereRead the radio interview and fill in the gaps with the correct relative pronoun or adverb. Hello, listeners. Today I'm talking to a fefighter 1) whose name is Tony Cassar. Welcome, Tony. Thanks for having me, Kate. So, Tony, tell us about your job. Tony: Well, | work at the Hammersmith Station, 2) is in London. Because London is a big place, 9) .. lots of emergencies happen, we're always busy. : Have you got a big team? There are lots of firefighters at the station, but | usually work with my best friend Rob, 4) .. dives the fire engine, and two other men. Do you enjoy your job? Well, | miss my family at the times ) I work at nights or weekends. But the reason 6) ma firefighter is that | want to help people in danger, and that's what my job is all about. Transformations Efi) Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use up to three words. 1 Luke is a medical student. His dream is to become a doctor. Luke is a medical student whose dream is to bacome a doctor. 2 Mr Ronson is my teacher. He's on TV now. Mr Ronson, .. my teacher, is on TV now. 3 Dad leaves the office at 5:30. 5:80 is the time ia 4. I'm writing an essay for college. Do you want to read it? Do you want to read the essay writing for college? 5 Brian is 19 years old. He is studying Art the office, BhiaN, severe 19 years old, is studying Art 6 Mandy lives in this building, This is the building lives. ke 7 I'm wearing a red necklace. It belongs to my friend Soptie. rm wearing a red necklace .. to my friend Sophie. 8 There are so many things | love about my job. ‘There are S0 MANy fEASONS sos rnssnrssenneenes MY JOB. Relatives EJ] Complete the sentences so that they are true for you. Use relative pronouns or adverbs. 1 The person who is my hero is Adele. {ive in a place ~ 3 I know a boy. W cssesne . is the day 5 I don't know 6 | like TV programmes ‘Speaking In pairs, make sentences using the prompts, adding relative pronouns and adverbs, as in the example. ‘+ Jamie Oliver/own/Jamie's Italian restaurants * Formula 1/sport/Lewis Hamilton is famous for © 2004/year/Olympic Games took place in Athens New York/city/Beyones lives * Steve Tyler/singer/daughter is an actress A: Jamie Oliver. B: Jamie Oliver is the person who owns Jamie's Italian restaurants. Writing Write sentences about yourself using relative pronouns and adverbs. '* (place)/usually read my books + (timey/go to bed * (programme)/sometimes watch on TV + (persanV/atten talk to on the phone * (shop)/usually buy my clothes The living room is the place where I usually read my books. 25X | Adjectives - Adverbs ‘Adjectives describe nouns. They have the same form in the singular and the plural. an interesting ‘book — interesting books Adjectives go: * before the nouns they describe. an old car * after the verbs: be, look, smell, sound, feel, taste, seem, appear, become, get, stay, etc The pizza tastes nice. What an amazing day! It’s their ‘graduation. They're ‘gowns. They look hhappy and excited 43 it’s 0 very special Order of adjectives There are opinion adjectives and fact adjectives. Opinion adjectives (clever, wonderful, etc) show what a person thinks of somebody or something. Fact adjectives (short, big, old, etc) give us factual information about somebody or something, that is, they describe what somebody or something is really lke The adjectives in the following pairs have a difference in meaning: 1) He gave her a gold ring for her birthday. (=a ring made of gold) The Bahamas are famous for their golden beaches. (© beaches the colour of gold) b) Sue bought a silk dress. (=a dress made of silk) ‘ove having silky hair. (= hair which feels like silk) ©) They have a lovely stone wall in their garden. (© wall made of stone) ‘He had a stony expression on his face. (= a cold and unresponsive expression, like stone) Opinion adjectives go before fact adjectives. a nice glass table When there are two or more fact adjectives in a sentence, they usually go in the following order: Opinion | Size | Age | Shape Colour | Origin | Material | Noun a beautiful small old | round blue | English | china | vase Ordinal numbers (first, second, third, etc) go before cardinal numbers (one, two, three, etc). the first two days (NOT: he-we-fest-days) The adjectives afraid, alike, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep, awake, content, glad, ill, pleased, etc are never followed by a noun. The boy was ashamed. The students were pleased. We do not usually use a long list of adjectives before a gle noun. A noun is usually described by one, two or three adjectives at the most. an elegant, red, silk dress Adjectives ending in -ed/-ing * Adjectives ending in -ing express what something is like. The film was boring. (What was it lke? Boring.) '* Adjectives ending in -ed express how we feel about something. We were bored. (How did we feel? Bored.) Look at the picture and the adjectives in bold. a) How are they placed in the sentences? b) Which adjectives are opinion adjectives and which ones are fact? What do they describe? What is the order of opinion and fact adjectives in a sentence? c) Which adjective describes how a person feels and which describes what something is like? How are they formed? a Fill in the gaps with the adjectives in the correct order. 1 Tess wants a small, red, leather (leather/small/red) handbag, 2 I needa (new/black/smart) suit for the wedding, 3 Damian wants to sell his (American/old/blue) car. 4 Mum is ordering Dad a (beautiful/wooden/big) desk for his office. 26 a Choose the correct adjective. 1. This is a very interested/interesting 00k 2. Working shifts is quite tired/tiring 3 Lucy is frightened/trightening of dogs. 4 I think being a journalist is an excited/exciting occupation 5 Mum gets annoyed/annoying when we don't tidy our bedrooms, 6 | get bored/boring on the bus ride home from college.+ Adverbs describe verbs, past participles, adjectives and other adverbs. He drives slowly. The event was badly organised. You ‘re absolutely wrong. She dances extremely well. ‘An adverb can be one word (sleepily) or a phrase (before dinner). Adverbs can describe manner (how), place (where), time (when), frequency (how often), degree (to what extent), etc. She acts amazingly. (How does she act? Amazingly. » adverb of manner) ‘Maria's house is around the corner. (Where is Maria's house? Around the comer. > adverb of place) They rarely go to the theatre. (How often do they go to the theatre? Rarely. > adverb of frequency) We usually form an adverb by adding -ly to the adjective. calm — calmly ‘Adjectives ending in -le drop the -e and take -y. simple - simply Adjectives ending in a consonant + y drop the -y and take -ily. lazy - lazily ‘Adjectives ending in -1 take ly. careful — carefully Adjectives ending in -ic usually take -ally ‘magic ~ magically BUT public — publicly Adjectives ending in -e take -ly. brave - bravely BUT true ~ truly ‘Adverbs of frequency go after the auxiliary verb (be, have, do), but before the main verb. They shave never been to a concert. Kat is often late for work. He rarely does the gardening. ‘Adverbs of manner go before the main verb, after the auxiliary verb or at the end of the sentence. She happily agreed to marry him. He is ‘anxiously waiting for his exam results. Please walk up the stairs quietly! Adverbs of degree (absolutely, completely, totally, extremely, very, quite, rather, etc) go before an adjective, an adverb and the main verb, but after the auxiliary verb. You are absolutely right. He draws quite well. | completely agree with your decision. He is extremely rude. ‘Adverbs of place and time usually go at the end of the sentence. | haven't seen Tina lately. Adjectives - Adverbs 1 really love table tennis! | can play very well and I hardly ever miss a game with my friends! We practice hard as we often take part in competitions! We usually practice at the sports centre near my house, at the weekends. ‘Some adverbs do not follow these rules. Adjective Adverb| Adjective Adverb good well | high — high’ fast fast | long - long hard hard | low - low early early | near - near late late | straight — straight fight right | wrong - wrong deep deep I catch the early bus to college. (adjective) | get up early every morning. (adverb) ‘Adverbs of time, such as soon, now, now and then, go before the main verb, but after the verb. She later gave up trying. We should soon be home. We can put an adverb at the beginning of a sentence if we want to emphasise it. ‘Suddenly, a strange man entered the room. (manner) Outside, you'll find a beautiful garden. (place) On Tuesday, we are having our term exam. (time) When there are two or more adverbs in the same sentence, they usually go in the following order: ‘manner ~ place - time. Mr jones works hard in his office every day. IF there is a verb of movement, such as go, come and leave, in the sentence, the adverbs usually go in the following order: place - manner - time. Jo _goes to work by train every morning.28 \ }] Adjectives - Adverbs ‘+ There is a difference in meaning between the adverbs in the following pairs: He's trying hard to finish the project on time, (= with effort) Tim hardly speaks to anyone in the office. (= scarcely) They own a hotel near the beach. (= close to) Its nearly six o'clock. (almost) The train come late again. (= not on time) He has been working overtime lately. (= recently) The car in front of me stopped short when a dog ran in the road. (= suddenly) The play will begin shortly. = soon) The dog buried its bone deep in the ground. (= a fong way down) Tam deeply sorry for the inconvenience. (= greatly) This plane goes direct to Singapore. (= by the shortest route) ‘She picks up her children directly after work. (= immediately) The bid flew high in the sky. ( at a high level) He is highly qualified. (= very) The hat came free with the suntan lotion. (= without charge) You can speak freely. (= without restriction) ‘+ The following words end in -ly, but they are adjectives: cowardly, deadly, elderly, friendly, likely, lively, lonely, lovely, silly, ugly. She sa friendly lady. We use the phrase in a .. way/manner to form their adverbs. She spoke to me in a friendly way. (NOT: She-spoke-iesciy) ‘+ The adverbs cheap(ly), loud(ly), quick(ly) and slow(ly) are often used without -ly in everyday English. Don’t walk slow/slowly! Ga Look at the picture on page 27. a) What do the adverbs in bold express? b) How do we form adverbs? ) Where can adverbs appear within the sentence? a Write the adverbs of the following adjectives. slow strange easy helpful fast suitable tragic happy 9 graceful 10 good 11 public 12 bad 13. possible 14 early 15 busy 16 wise slowly eroasens Underline and identify the types of adverbs in each sentence. 11 We usually go out on Fridays, 2 They are extremely kind people. Tom is patiently waiting for his appointment. 4. | now realise Katie is right. 5. She talks quietly on the phone. 6 | rarely eat chocolate. 7 He's rather rude to me. 8 9 0 frequency ° | think Roger is upstairs. - ‘The children are playing outside. Have you seen Emily lately? Fa Put the words below into the correct column, ‘beautiful * high © carelessly * long * lonely ‘* sottly «friendly * right * angrily * suddenly ‘straight * well * deep © good * elderly beautiful,Put the adverbs in brackets in the correct order in the sentence. 1 Jack works. (all day/hard) Jack works hard all day. 2 Mr Thomas arrived. (half an hour ago/suddenly/in the office) 3 Penny is upset. (at the moment/qi 4 Michael reads. (upstairs/in the evenings/quietly) 5 We get up. (late/on Sundays/usually) 6 Our neighbours argue. (at night/ioudly/sometimes) 7 Maria works out. {in the mornings/at the gym/often) B Choose the correct item. 1 Paul goes to the gym direct/directly atter college. 2 We're under a lot of pressure late/lately. 3. Faye has got lovely gold/golden hair. 4. The cinema tickets are free/freely with the magazine. 5 Joseph near/nearly had a car crash 6 | was about to go into Mrs Franks’ office, but | stopped short/shortly when | saw she was with another student 7 Is that a silk/silky dress? 8 The Internet connection is poor; the web pages can hard/hardly load. 9 This is a high/highly successful company. 10 We're building a stone/stony wall around our garden, 11. | am deeply/deep grateful for your help. 12. Hurry up! The bus is leaving short/shortly. Adjectives - Adverbs © Oo Choose the correct item. Olga: Maggie: Hi, Olga! What a 1) horrible/horribly Hello, Maggie. Olga: | know! It's raining 3) heavy/heavily here and the thunder is rumbling 4) loud/loudly. Poor Patch, my dog, is | 5) terrifying/terrified! I'm not going out today! Maggie: 6) Lucky/Luckily you! !'m going to an exhibition with my college art class. Olga: That sounds 7) interested/interesting. Maggie: Yes, it does! The thing is that I'm waiting for a taxi to take me to the train station but it’s running 8) late/lately. | 9) real/really don't want to miss my train. What time is it now? Olga: _ I's 10) near/nearly 8.30. ie: OK, I'd better call the taxi company again. Talk to you soon! day! The weather is 2) awful/awtully! | Speaking Look at the pictures. Use the prompts and the adjectives given to make sentences about what you see in the pictures as in the example. asc! en Crees ny fee) A Kelly is dri ing slow)Comparisons _ Comparatives and superlatives + We use the comparative to compare one person or thing with another. Ceo Here is a photo of my best Maria is older than her best friends! Lara is the tallest one friend. and Kim is the one with the * We use the superlative to longest hair! I'm shorter than compare one person of thing them, but I'm the eldest. We with more than one person or ‘re all very good students, thing of the same group. but I think Lara is by far the Tom is the friendliest person in cleverest in the class. Kim is the class the most talented of oll and sings the most beautifully! Adjectives Superlative small smaller (than) the smallest (of/in) large larger (than) the largest (of/in) big bigger (than) the biggest (of/in) of one syllable add -(e)r/-(e)st to form their comparative and superlative forms ‘of one syllable ending in vowel + consonant, double the last consonant thin thinner the thinnest (of/in) and add -er/-est silly sillier (than) the silliest (of/in) lazy lazier (than) the laziest (of/in) shallow ___ shallower (than) the shallowest (ofiin) of two or more syllables take polite more polite (than) the most polite (of/in) more/most interesting more interesting (than) the most interesting (of/in) of two syllables ending in ty, -y, -w also add -er/-est or -ier/-iest ‘+ We normally use than with the comparative form. Tim's car is faster than John’s car. ‘+ We normally use the ... of/in (in refers to places, groups, etc) with the superlative form. jack's the most popular of ail the students. Jack's the most popular student in his class. * Certain adjectives form their comparative and superlative either with -er/-est or more/most. These are: lever, common, cruel, friendly, gentle, narrow, pleasant, quiet, shallow, simple, stupid, polite. gentle ~ gentler ~ gentlest ALSO gentle - more gentle — most gentle ‘Adverbs Positive Comparative| Superlative ‘adverbs having the same form as their adjectives add -er/-est late later the latest early drops -y and adds -ier/-iest early earlier the earliest two-syllable adverbs and those formed by adding -ly to their often | more often _ the most often adjectives take more/most calmly more calmly the most calmly Irregular forms * elder/eldest (+noun) (adj): for members of a ‘Adjective/Adverb| Comparative | Superlative family. My eldest brother is a professor. BUT My sister is older than me. (NOT: eldee-aa) ‘+ further/farther (adv) = longer (in distance) My friend's house is further/farther away from college than my house. further (adj) = more Pau! went to hospital for further tests. good/well better best bad/badly worse worst much/many more most alot of more most little less least far farther/further | farthest/furthestComparisons ‘Types of comparisons as + adjective/adverb + as (to show that two people or things are similar/different in some way). In negative sentences we use not as/50 .... a. Kim is as attractive as her twin sister. The new sofa isn’t as/so comfortable as our old one. less + adjectives/adverb + than (to express the difference between two people or things.) The opposite is more... than. The blue dress is less elegant than the red one. Tom visits his grandparents less often than he used to. the least + adjective/adverb +of/in (to compare one person or thing with two or more people or things of the same group.) The opposite is the most ... of/in. This is the least expensive hotel in Paris. Tom dresses the least casually inthe office. very + positive degree (to emphasise an adjective or an adverb). Jan is a very polite person. Karen ran very fast in the race. even/much/a lot/far/a little/a bit/slightly + comparative (to emphasise the degree of difference between two people or things). Harry researches his essays much more carefully than his best friend. by far + the + superlative (to emphasise the difference between one person or thing and two or more people or things of the same group). This is by far the hottest day this summer. Look at the picture on page 30 and the words in bold in the example. a) How do we form the comparative and the superlative of adjectives and adverbs? When do we use these forms? b) Which types of comparison can you see? What does each one show? Complete the table. (Sete bigger 4) Fe most peaceful happier 6). sesensnen 2). 8) better 10) 1) the most more beautiful 13)... more clever/ 16)... cleverer Write the comparative and superlative forms of the following adverbs. slowly the most siowly hard badly early near quietly ‘more slowly oarone Choose the correct item. 1 Ted's new job isn’t as exciting as/than his old one. 2 The instructions are less/least complicated than | expected. 3. Mrs Evans is by far/much the nicest professor we have. 4 This hotel is the more/most famous in town. 5 Juliette is very/slightly older than | am. 6 Ron is even/by far cleverer than Mike. 7 He is far/more lazior than the rest of us. 8 This project is very/a lot more difficult than the last one. 9 I can’t type as fast than/as Michelle. Tina is much/by far more creative than Abigail. Te] Put the adjectives/adverbs i the correct form. brackets into 1. The red dress is more expensive (expensive) than the blue one. 2 Doing experiments is (interesting) part of our Chemistry lessons 3. Please, could you write your answers a little (clearly) next time? 4 Elaine is much (happy) now that she's back at college. 5 Trevor behaves (calmly) than Jim in stressful situations. 31\ 7 Comparisons Choose the correct item. GF] Put the adjectives/adverbs in brackets into the correct form, \g any necessary words. Subject:[ Summer job | 1A: Stuart is working as a Hi Paull part-time tour guide this | want to get a summer job but | can’t el decide between being a waiter at Vila B: That's the perfect job for Italia in the evenings, a builder or a him; he's the most sociable summer camp leader. Help me choose! (eociable) person I know. Jay 2 A You speak French very well B: Thank you, but my sister speaks it Subject: RE:|Summer job (fluently) than | do. 3 A I miss the children when they're away. B: | know. The house is much Hi Jay! | think i's a great idea for you to get a job for the summer. The Job at Villa italia Sounds good. It is the 4)... restaurant in town, so working there might be 2)... than being a builder or a can ede Yul hae tbe 3). ened 0 you mig foul wot Hm need to buy some new clothes. 4 A; Annabelle has got a lovely The building job is probably 4)..... for you because you like oe being outside. But its 8)... ob of the three and probably pays B: Yes, she sings the 6)... money. .. (beautifully) The summer camp leader has 7)... hours of all, so it's @ of all the git. 8)... tiring job, but i's also fun. It looks 9)... ood on your 5 A: Nick seems distracted CY, too, because you need to be responsible, energetic and today. patient. You get 10)... any time off, but you do get 44)... B: You're right. He isn't money than a waiter or a builder, 80 | think this is the 32) working as. Job for you. ssesnsse (QuICKIY) USUI. Let me know what you decide! 6 A: Inever eat breakfast. ra B: You should - it's : (important) meal of the day, 7 A: Angela has got some > 1A busy B busier © busiest lovely clothes. 2 A most stressful B more stressful C stressful B: Yes, she dresses (elegantly) than 3A smarter B smart © smarty anyone eige at colloge. 4 A more suitable B most suitable C suitable 8 A: Nick is so big! How old is 5 A dangerous —_B_more dangerous he now? © the most dangerous B: He's twelve. He's {tall) student in his class. 6 A less B least C ite 9 Acts a lovely day todky. 7 A the longest —B longer © long B: 1 know, but | think it's 8 A much B very © by far slightly ae ney a : (cold) than yesterday. ce more r i a re eal 10 A: Debbie is a good driver 10 A hard B hardest © hardly nee 11 A more B most © much (carefully) 12 A good B better © best eee 32