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EIA 1131eastern Industrial Parkinfinity EIA
EIA 1131eastern Industrial Parkinfinity EIA
STUDY
For the proposed
E a s t e r n
I n d u s t r i a l
P a r k
Njiru area,
Nairobi County
FIRM OF EXPERTS
ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND SAFETY RESOURCE CENTRE LIMITED.
P. O. BOX 63345 - 00619
NAIROBI,
KENYA.
The EIA firm would like to take this opportunity to thank various persons
provided support, information and assistance in preparation of this project study.
The EIA firm is particularly thankful to the proprietors of Abacus Property Ltd,
and Tiercel Group International Ltd (Architects), for giving us the opportunity
to serve them and their inestimable input and support in the preparation of the
project study.
The EIA Lead Expert is also thankful to Mr. Ashok R. Shah and his team for their
key role in the projects management inputs and co-ordination in the process of the
EIA study’s production.
The Lead Expert is also grateful to the residents of Githioko area, particularly the
project site neighbours for their views and inputs during the EIA exercise.
EIA STUDY REPORT OF THE PROPOSED INDUSTRIAL PARK DEVELOPMENT, AT GITHIOKO AREA, OFF EASTERN BY-PASS ROAD, ON PLOT L.R. No. 11522, NJIRU. -2-
ACRONYMS
0
C Degrees Celsius
CBD Central Business District
CLPs Consents, Licenses and Permits
CSR Corporate Social Responsibility
EA Environmental Audit
EAC East African Community
EAM Environmental Management Company
EHS Environmental Health and Safety
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMCA Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act
EMP Environmental Management Plan
HCFC Hydro-chlorofluorocarbon
HWM Household Waste Management
KBS Kenya Bureau of Standards
KM Kilometres
KPLC Kenya Power and Lighting Company
KVA Kilo Volts Amperes
NCC Nairobi County Council
NEC National Environmental Council
NEMA National Environment Management Authority
PPM Parts Per Million
SHE Safety Health and Environment
SWM Solid Waste Management
TOR Terms of Reference
UNEP United Nations Environmental Programme
WRMA Water Resources Management Authority
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T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................................................................... 2
ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 3
T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S ........................................................................................... 4
L I S T O F T A B L E S ................................................................................................................ 7
L I S T O F P I C T U R E S ..................................................................................................... 7
E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y .......................................................................................... 8
1. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................................... 11
1.1. BACKGROUND......................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
1.2 JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT. .................................................................................................................................................... 12
2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................ 16
2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................................................................... 16
2.1 IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .................................................................................................................................................. 18
3 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ....................................................................................................................... 20
3.0 BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE FOR AN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ..................................................................... 20
3.1 OBJECTIVES: ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20
3.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT ............................................................................................................................................................................ 21
3.3 NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL POLICY .............................................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
3.4 SCOPE AND CONTENT OF PROJECT ........................................................................................................................................................... 24
3.5 DUTIES OF THE PROPONENT ..................................................................................................................................................................... 24
3.6 DUTIES OF THE CONTRACTOR .................................................................................................................................................................. 25
4 POLICY, INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK............................................................................. 26
4.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 26
4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN KENYA............................................................................................................................................... 26
4.2 POLICY FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................................................................................................... 26
4.3.1 National Housing Policy ...................................................................................................................................................................... 26
4.3 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
4.3.1 National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) .................................................................................................................. 27
4.3.2 Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA), 1999 ............................................................................................ 27
4.3.3 Provincial and District Environment Committees ............................................................................................................................ 27
4.3.4 Public Complaints Committee ......................................................................................................................................................... 27
4.3.5 Nairobi City Council ...................................................................................................................................................................... 28
4.3.6 Nairobi Water & Sewerage Company ............................................................................................................................................ 28
4.4 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL TRIBUNAL ............................................................................................................................................. 28
4.5 LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................................... 28
4.5.1 The Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations, 2003 .............................................................................................. 29
4.5.2 Waste Management Regulations, 2006 ................................................................................................................................................ 29
4.5.3 EMCA – Noise & Excessive Vibration Pollution (Control) Regulations Of 2009 ........................................................................... 30
4.5.4 Water Quality Regulations, 2006 ........................................................................................................................................................ 30
4.5.5 Public Health Act (Cap. 242) ............................................................................................................................................................. 31
4.5.6 Physical Planning Act, 1999 ............................................................................................................................................................... 31
4.5.7 Local Authority Act (Cap 265). ......................................................................................................................................................... 31
4.5.8 Water Act, 2002 ................................................................................................................................................................................. 32
4.5.9 Building Code 2000 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 32
4.5.10 Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2007 ......................................................................................................................................... 32
4.5.11 Health .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 34
4.5.12 Safety ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
4.5.13 Welfare ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 34
4.5.14 Wayleaves Act Cap 292 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 34
4.5.15 Registration of Titles Act Cap 281 ...................................................................................................................................................... 35
5 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ................................................................................................................. 36
5.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 36
5.1 PROJECT LOCATION..................................................................................................................................................................................... 36
5.2 SKETCH 1: DIRECTIONAL SKETCH TO THE PROPOSED SITE. ................................................................................................................. 36
5.3 AREA LAND USE ZONATIONS. .................................................................................................................................................................. 37
5.4 DESIGN OF THE PROJECT ........................................................................................................................................................................... 37
5.5 THE COMMERCIAL HOUSING’S DESIGN (WITH REFERENCE TO THE ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS ATTACHED IN THE
APPENDIX) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 37
5.6 OTHER FEATURES RELATED TO THE PROPOSED EASTERN INDUSTRIAL PARK .............................................................................. 38
5.7 INFRASTRUCTURE ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 38
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5.8 PARKING AREA AND DRIVEWAY ............................................................................................................................................................. 38
5.9 GUARDHOUSE.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 39
5.10 SOLID WASTE AND WASTE WATER..................................................................................................................................................... 39
5.11 DRAINAGE SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................................................................... 39
5.12 RIPARIAN RESERVE.............................................................................................................................................................................. 40
5.13 SERVICE PATH FOR OTHER DEVELOPED PLOTS............................................................................................................................... 40
5.14 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................................................................ 40
5.15 WATER RETICULATION SYSTEM.......................................................................................................................................................... 40
5.16 NEED FOR WATER HARVESTING AND STORAGE ............................................................................................................................ 41
5.17 STORM WATER RUN-OFF ....................................................................................................................................................................... 41
5.18 LANDSCAPING ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
5.19 PRE-CONSTRUCTION INVESTIGATIONS .............................................................................................................................................. 41
5.20 SOURCING AND TRANSPORTATION OF BUILDING MATERIALS ...................................................................................................... 42
5.21 STORAGE OF MATERIALS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 42
5.22 EXCAVATION WORKS............................................................................................................................................................................ 42
5.23 EXCAVATION AND FOUNDATION WORKS ......................................................................................................................................... 42
5.24 MASONRY, CONCRETE WORK AND RELATED ACTIVITIES .............................................................................................................. 43
5.25 STRUCTURAL STEEL WORKS ................................................................................................................................................................. 43
5.26 ROOFING.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 43
5.27 ELECTRICAL WORK................................................................................................................................................................................ 43
5.28 PLUMBING ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 43
5.29 LANDSCAPING ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 43
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT’S OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES ............................................................................................................................... 43
5.30 OCCUPATION .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 43
5.31 SOLID WASTE AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................................ 43
5.32 CLEANING .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 44
5.33 GENERAL REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE ......................................................................................................................................... 44
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT’S DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES ....................................................................................................................... 44
5.34 DEMOLITION WORKS ............................................................................................................................................................................. 44
5.35 DISMANTLING OF EQUIPMENT AND FIXTURES ................................................................................................................................ 44
5.36 SITE RESTORATION ................................................................................................................................................................................ 45
6 BASELINE INFORMATION OF THE STUDY AREA ................................................................................... 46
6.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 46
6.1 THE SITE’S SPECIFIC GPS COORDINATES............................................................................................................................................... 46
6.2 CLIMATE ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 46
6.2.1 Average daily temperatures ................................................................................................................................................................... 46
6.2.2 Average Humidity Values ................................................................................................................................................................... 47
6.2.3 Average Rain Amounts........................................................................................................................................................................ 47
6.2.4 Average Winds ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 48
6.2.5 Average Sunshine ................................................................................................................................................................................. 48
6.2.6 Infrastructure ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 48
6.2.7 Population ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 48
6.2.8 Economic Activities .............................................................................................................................................................................. 48
7 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ................................................................................................................................ 50
7.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 50
7.1 ISSUES RAISED ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 50
Employment creation ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 50
7.1.1 Noise and dust ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 50
7.1.2 Power, Water & sewer system demand ................................................................................................................................................. 50
7.1.3 Impacts of Increased population on the neighbourhood ........................................................................................................................... 50
7.2 POSITIVE IMPACTS:...................................................................................................................................................................................... 50
7.3 AESTHETIC IMPACTS .................................................................................................................................................................................. 51
7.4 DECENTRALIZATION OF THE OTHER INDUSTRIAL CENTRES............................................................................................................. 51
7.5 CREATION OF OTHER BUSINESS AVENUES ........................................................................................................................................... 51
8 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ................................................................................................ 52
8.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 52
8.2 NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES .................................................................................... 52
8.2.1 Clearance of the site .............................................................................................................................................................................. 52
8.2.2 Soil disturbance .................................................................................................................................................................................... 52
8.2.3 Dust generation .................................................................................................................................................................................... 52
8.2.4 Solid waste generation ........................................................................................................................................................................... 52
8.2.5 Noise and vibration .............................................................................................................................................................................. 52
8.2.6 Pollution of Njiru River ....................................................................................................................................................................... 53
8.2.7 Water use ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 53
8.2.8 Energy consumption .............................................................................................................................................................................. 53
8.2.9 Extraction and use of building materials............................................................................................................................................... 53
8.2.10 Exhaust emissions ................................................................................................................................................................................ 54
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8.2.11 Risks of accidents and injuries to workers ............................................................................................................................................. 54
8.3 POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ..................................................................................... 54
8.3.1 Provision of market for supply of building materials .............................................................................................................................. 54
8.3.2 Increased business opportunities ............................................................................................................................................................. 54
8.3.3 Creation of employment opportunities .................................................................................................................................................... 54
8.4 NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES...................................................................................... 54
8.4.1 Solid waste generation ........................................................................................................................................................................... 54
8.4.2 Water use ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 55
8.4.3 Increased demand for sanitation ............................................................................................................................................................ 55
8.4.4 Increased storm water flow..................................................................................................................................................................... 55
8.4.5 Fire and Noise ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 55
8.5 POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES ......................................................................................... 55
8.5.1 Provision of Commercial Housing space facilities ................................................................................................................................... 55
8.5.2 Employment opportunities..................................................................................................................................................................... 56
8.5.3 Revenue to national and local governments ............................................................................................................................................ 56
8.5.4 Improved security .................................................................................................................................................................................. 56
8.5.5 Business growth in the area ................................................................................................................................................................... 56
8.5.6 Decongestion of the nearby urban centres ............................................................................................................................................... 56
8.6 NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES ............................................................................. 56
8.6.1 Solid waste ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 56
8.6.2 These may include: ................................................................................................................................................................................ 56
8.6.3 Dust ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 57
8.6.4 Noise and vibration .............................................................................................................................................................................. 57
8.7 POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES ................................................................................. 57
8.7.1 These may include: ................................................................................................................................................................................ 57
8.7.2 Rehabilitation ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 57
8.7.3 Employment Opportunities ................................................................................................................................................................... 57
9 ANALYSIS OF PROJECT ALTERNATIVES .................................................................................................... 58
9.1 ALTERNATIVE SITE (RELOCATION OPTION) ......................................................................................................................................... 58
9.2 ALTERNATIVE DESIGN ............................................................................................................................................................................. 58
9.3 ANALYSIS OF THE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY ............................................................................................... 58
9.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................................................................... 58
9.5 NO ALTERATION ALTERNATIVE ............................................................................................................................................................ 59
10 IMPACTS MITIGATION AND MONITORING .............................................................................................. 60
10.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
10.2 MITIGATION OF CONSTRUCTION PHASE IMPACTS ............................................................................................................................ 60
10.2.1 Minimization of run-off and soil erosion ............................................................................................................................................... 60
10.2.2 Minimization of construction waste ....................................................................................................................................................... 60
10.2.3 Reduction of dust generation and emission ............................................................................................................................................. 60
10.2.4 Minimization of noise and vibration ..................................................................................................................................................... 61
10.2.5 Minimization of water use .................................................................................................................................................................... 61
10.2.6 Reduction of energy consumption............................................................................................................................................................ 61
10.2.7 Efficient sourcing and use of raw materials ............................................................................................................................................ 61
10.2.8 Minimization of exhaust emissions ....................................................................................................................................................... 61
10.2.9 Reduction of risks of accidents and injuries to workers........................................................................................................................... 61
10.3 MITIGATION OF OPERATION PHASE IMPACTS ................................................................................................................................... 62
10.3.1 Ensuring efficient solid waste management ............................................................................................................................................ 62
10.3.2 Ensure efficient water use ...................................................................................................................................................................... 62
10.3.3 Ensure efficient energy consumption ....................................................................................................................................................... 62
10.3.4 Minimization of sewage release.............................................................................................................................................................. 62
10.3.5 Fire safety measures .............................................................................................................................................................................. 62
10.4 MITIGATION OF DECOMMISSIONING PHASE IMPACTS...................................................................................................................... 62
10.4.1 Efficient solid waste management .......................................................................................................................................................... 62
10.4.2 Reduction of dust concentration ............................................................................................................................................................. 62
10.4.3 Minimization of noise and vibration ..................................................................................................................................................... 62
11 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT/MONITORING PLAN .................................................................... 64
11.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 64
11.2 CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONAL PHASE EMP .......................................................................................................................... 64
11.3 DECOMMISSIONING PHASE .................................................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
12 AUXILLIARY INFORMATION ........................................................................................................................ 74
12.1 BUDGET ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 75
12.2 MONITORING GUIDELINES .................................................................................................................................................................. 75
12.3 STUDYING ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 76
12.4 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................................................... 76
13 APPENDICES: .................................................................................................................................................... 77
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14 REFERENCES: ................................................................................................................................................... 78
15 SIGNATORIES: .................................................................................................................................................. 79
L I S T O F T A B L E S
L I S T O F P I C T U R E S
Picture 1: The site’s view(above and below) as focused from the hilly side. .......................................................................................... 20
Picture 2: Other views of the site. ..................................................................................................................................................... 21
Picture 3: High voltage Electricity transporting pylons on the lower side of the site. ............................................................................ 35
Picture 5: Motorists using the newly constructed Eastern bypass, the site’s main access road, about 3kms from the site. ...................... 37
Picture 6: The site’s only access road, passing through Githioko estate, from the main Eastern bypass ............................................... 39
Picture 7: The site’s access road diverting the main Eastern Bypass just at “County Club” restaurant, down through Githioko Estate.
............................................................................................................................................................................................. 40
Picture 8: The existing borehole, accessed by the proponent's team and other consultants .................................................................... 41
Picture 9: Gatharaini river, the boundary line separating Nariobi and Kiambu counties on the lower side of the site. ........................ 42
Picture 10: Existing Sewerline manholes in the site's vicinity, from which the project's sewer system will be connected. ........................ 44
Picture 11: Reliable power source point along the plot from which the project's will be sourced. ........................................................... 53
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E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y
The Kenyan economy has generally undergone mixed experiences with peaks and troughs at various periods.
Implementation of various policy to initiatives in the Economic Recovery Strategy saw the economy make a
remarkable recovery over the period 2003-2007.Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew from 2.9% in 2003
to 7.0% in 2007 or by an average of 5.3% over the period. The economic growth targets set for the period
2008-2012 in the First Medium Term Plan under vision 2030 were, however not met due to several challenges
and constraints. The economy was expected to grow from 4.5% in 2008 to 8.7%, 9.4% and 10.0% in 2010,
2011, and 2012 respectively. However, actual economic outturn shows that the growth rate in 2012 was only
4.6% and is projected to grow by 5.7% in 2013 and 6.0% in 2014.These growth rates are well below
10%growth rate that will underpin the anticipated transformation of the economy to Newly Industrialized
Counties status.
With a view to providing a hassle free, secure environment with world class infrastructure including roads,
waste management, telecommunication, and sufficient power and water supply in which industries and
manufacturers can move in and set up their projects without having to look for such essentials, hence
speeding up industrial projects, Abacus Property Ltd intends to put an Industrial Park at the above mentioned
piece of land located within Njiru area at Githioko Estate along river Gatharaini. This in turn will create
thousands of jobs and have multiplier effects on the economy as well as bringing us closer to our Vision 2030
of a prosperous nation with a higher standard of living.
In their bid comply with the stipulated environment requirements, a registered Environmental Impact
Assessment firm was approached by the proponent, to carry out an Environmental Impact Assessment for
proposed Eastern Industrial Park and its accompaniments on Plot L.R. No. 11522 measuring approximately
200 Acres Off Eastern by-pass road within Njiru area, Nairobi County. This complies with the Legal
requirement stipulated in the Environmental Management and Coordination Act 1999 and the subsequent
Legal supplement of 2003.
An Environmental Impact Assessment study was carried out and the study handed to NEMA on 10th January
2014 an assigned reference NEMA/EIA/PSR/1518. On review, the Authority saw the need to conduct a
thorough Environmental Assessment Study to further address any possible impacts from this project. The
sheer magnitude of the project with a possibility of diverse industrial possibilities necessitated the study.
The proponent is required to present this study in order to comply with the Environment Management Co-
ordination Act 1999 and in particular part II of the Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit)
Regulations, 2003. The study has provided a summary statement of the likely environmental effects of the
proposed project.
Justification of this kind of project is shortages of well-structured modern industrial buildings in Kenya. The
project objective is to build Eastern Industrial Parks for business purposes. The scope of EIA study is to
identify impacts likely to be caused to the environment, public health and socio-economic well-being. The
methodologies for EIA study were environmental screening, environmental scoping, desktop studies, site
visits and public hearing and finally study writing.
The economic recovery strategy for wealth and employment creation on the other hand aims at giving
Kenyans a better deal in their lives and in their struggle to build a modern and prosperous nation. It aims to
empower Kenyans and provide them with a democratic political atmosphere under which all citizens can be
free to work hard and engage in productive activities to improve their standards of living. This Environmental
Impact Assessment Study report examined the potential positive and negative impacts of the project on the
immediate surroundings with due regard to all the phases from construction, occupation and
decommissioning. It encompassed all aspects pertaining to the physical, ecological, socio-cultural, health and
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safety conditions at the site and its environs during and after construction. Environment, Health and Safety
(EHS) section addresses environmental, health and safety concerns during projects’ cycle. The main objective
of the EHS on the proposed project is to develop guidelines for protecting, managing and responding,
processes, situations/conditions that might compromise health, safety and security of workers and ecological
wellbeing.
To avoid or reduce negative environmental impacts, mitigation measures were proposed and an environmental
management plan (EMP) formulated. The proponent is also expected to observe recommendations in the
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and carry out annual environmental audits once the project is in
operation.
All solid waste materials and debris resulting from construction activities must be disposed off at approved
dumpsites. The wastes should be properly segregated and separated to encourage recycling of some useful
waste materials; i.e. some excavated stone materials can be used as backfills.
All construction materials and especially sand, gravel, hardcore and wood must be sourced/procured from
legalized dealers.
Construction activities must be undertaken only during the day i.e. between 0800 hours to 1700 hours. This
will minimize disturbance to the general public within the proximity of the site/project especially within the
vicinity
Traffic on the access road to the site should be controlled and informed during construction and especially
when heavy trucks are turning in and out of the site. This will ensure that no accidents are caused by the site’s
activities.
During construction, all loose soils must be compacted to prevent any erosion by wind or water. Other
appropriate soil erosion control measures can be adapted. Any stockpiles of earth should be enclosed, covered
or sprinkled with water during dry or windy conditions to minimize generation of rust particles into the air.
The development must be approved by the relevant Government Departments i.e. Physical planning,
Ministry of Lands and Housing, health etc. The proponent should therefore follow the guidelines as set by the
departments to safeguard the general public and observe environmental management principles during
construction and operation phases of the proposed development.
It is important that warning/informative signs (bill boards) be erected at the site. These should indicate the
operation hours and when works are likely to be started and completed.
Once earthworks have been done, restoration of the worked areas should be carried out immediately by
backfilling, professional landscaping/leveling and planting of low grass in open areas), flowers and suitable
tree species.
Sufficient supply of water is a very paramount factor in this type of commercial setup therefore the project
Proponent should look into modalities aimed at enhancing water supply to the proposed scheme and also
give a hand in upgrading water supply systems in the neighborhood. Nairobi Water & Sewerage Company’s
water supply system should be upgraded and water sourced from reliable sources.
Rainwater harvesting systems should be provided as well as standard storage systems to every office floor
unit; to enhance collection of the runoff generated from the roof catchments. We propose a borehole to be
drilled to supplement water supply by after approval from the relevant Authorities.
Drains will be properly designed, installed and regularly maintained to prevent storm water (run-off) from
accumulating within the site spreading to the neighborhood. These must effectively drain the storm water
from the premise into the existing public drainage system to be developed along the access road.
Proper and regular maintenance of construction machinery and equipment will reduce emission of
hazardous fumes and noise resulting from friction of rubbing metal bodies.
Heavy construction activities should be limited (or avoided) during the rainy season to minimize the
chances of soil degradation (soil erosion).
Maintenance activities must be carried out in service bay to reduce chances of oils or grease or other
maintenance materials, from coming into contact with environment (water or soil).
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Wastewater from such areas must be refrained from coming into contact with solid mass or water bodies as
it contains oil/grease spills.
Used and new oils must be handled and stored appropriately to avoid oil leaks and spills on the site.
Sewerage system must be properly designed within the site and effectively connected to the bio-digester
system. Design specifications must be followed during installation. Standard cleanliness and waste disposal
facilities at construction site and during occupation must be maintained.
Workers should be provided with complete personal protective equipment (PPE) and safety gear. They
should have working boots, complete overalls, helmets, gloves, earmuffs, nose masks, goggles etc. A fully
equipped first aid kit must be provided within the site.
The contractor must have workmen’s compensation cover; the contractor is required to comply with
workmen’s compensation Act as well as other relevant ordinance, regulations and Union Agreement. The
contractor must provide adequate security during the construction period and especially during the night when
there are no construction activities.
A complete firefighting system must be provided after completion of the project. The equipment is clearly
provided in the design plan, and in the study. This must be installed or provided at strategic points.
Since the proposed site is located within an area with no rich natural resources, apart from the improvised
greenery, whose total effect to the surroundings could not be adverse and noting that the intended
development and use of the facility will have no adverse effects on the surrounding areas. The general steps
followed during the assessment were as follows:
Environment screening, in which the project was identified as among those requiring environmental
impact assessment under schedule 2 of EMCA, 1999
Environmental scoping that provided the key environmental issues
Desktop studies and interviews
Physical inspection of the site and surrounding areas
EIA Public participation via the use of questionnaires and a public hearing
In conclusion this Environmental Impact Assessment Study report confirmed the finding from the
EIA report. The project has no major impacts on the environment and is recommended for approval.
However, in order to mitigate possible adverse effects for individual tenants of the Industrial park, it
is recommended that each individual tenant carries out a separate EIA on their specific line of
product.
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1. BACKGROUND
1.1. Background
The proposed project site is at the Njiru area on the North Eastern side, about 35 kilometres from Nairobi City
centre.
Along the new Thika super highway and the Eastern bypass are some of the fastest growing areas of Nairobi.
The tide of industrial development on Outer Ring Rd, Juja area and Ruiru area now seems unstoppable with
the radical overhaul of its roads. Building an industrial park along this road which is secure, has world class
infrastructure, government incentives to industries and manufactures and offers other amenities and facilities
directly supporting such industries will solve this problem and help faster realisation of boosting industrial
activity in our country. Abacus Property Consultant Ltd. will target a wide range of customers segments that
will buy and develop the serviced plots. These will include heavy and light industries and manufacturing plants,
and wholesale distribution outlets. As the commercial area develops more segments including banks, shopping
centres, retail outlets, etc will then move into the park.
The initial focus will be on servicing the undeveloped land with road access, power supply and water supply. It
will then be divided into smaller plots which will all be serviced with the same and also with sewage and other
utility pipelines. Once all the plots are serviced and the core infrastructure is ready, they will be sold to
industrialists wishing to move into Eastern Industrial Park with their development projects. Development of
the amenities and facilities shall then continue over a period of 2 years as industries also develop in the park.
Objectives:
To develop a secure high-end industrial park with world class infrastructure.
To provide fully serviced plots to industries to speed up project development.
To provide core infrastructure and amenities to boost trade activities i.e. roads, water, power, street lighting,
sewage treatment/management, commercial areas, banks, wholesale outlets, hospital, police station, fuel
station, community centre, public transport stages, shopping mall, etc.
To incorporate a natural and green environment to provide a soothing landscape.
The principle measure of sustainable development is that all activities which are carried out to achieve
development must take into account the needs of environmental conservation. The sustainability of the
ecosystem requires the balance between human development and the natural ecosystem. A symbiotic
relationship that can only be achieved through careful planning and the establishment of appropriate
management systems. In modern times, the need to plan activities has become an essential component of the
development process. Consequently a number of planning mechanisms have been put in place to ensure that
minimum damage is caused to the environment. Environmental planning is also integrated with other
planning processes such as physical planning, economic planning, and development planning.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is considered part of environmental planning. EIAs are undertaken
for proposed activities that are likely to have a significant adverse impact on the environment and are subject
to a decision of a competent national authority. In Kenya, the competent authority is the National
Environment Management Authority (NEMA).
As part of the EIA process, it is necessary to devise alternatives to avoid undesirable impacts. Besides the
alternative, identification of impacts may also lead to the development of mitigation measures i.e. means of
reducing the impacts. As a tool of environmental planning, EIA is therefore precautionary in nature. EIA is
neither anti-development nor does it stop actions which impact the environment. It only requires that those
impacts be considered. Most development activities impact the environment hence a “no impact”
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interpretation of environmental impact assessment could lead to no development. But a “considerable impact”
interpretation of EIA will lead to better development. If environmental impacts are ignored, the project may
not be sustainable in the long-run, in which case the money invested in it will have been wasted.
In this development proposal, the proponent (Abacus Property Limited) intends to construct a serviced
Industrial Park within this site. Apart from being a viable investment to the proponent, it will provide the
neighbouring populace with suitable commercial/industrial housing facilities for rental in which to install the
various businesses. It has been established that such projects have a potential of causing significant impacts on
the environment. It is under this premise that the proponent deemed it necessary to carry out an
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the proposed project.
Environmental Impact Assessment studies were carried out as per the provisions of Environmental (Impact
Assessment and Audit) Regulations, 2003 .This study is a product of the entire study and will be used in
various decision making platforms including consideration for issuance with an EIA license by the National
Environment Management Authority (NEMA).
In recent times, the Government of Kenya has refocused its efforts on the Vision 2030. A huge part of that
vision relies on the industrial sector being able to increase production and by extension employment. However
the current state of the Industrial Area of Nairobi is such that it does not encourage new development and
stifles growth of exiting business. This can be attributed to numerous factors such as but not limited to,
1. Poor infrastructure
2. No physical planning
3. Uncoordinated waste management
4. Traffic gridlock
5. High energy costs and unreliable energy
6. Insecurity
These are some of the challenges this project seeks to address. More importantly, the design of the project is
well thought out and has taken into consideration all the necessary interventions needed to take care for
mitigation of negative impacts on the environment and safeguard safety of construction workers.
The initial focus will be on servicing the undeveloped land with road access, power supply and water supply. It
will then be divided into smaller plots which will all be serviced with the same and also with sewage and other
utility pipelines. Once all the plots are serviced and the core infrastructure is ready, they will be sold to
industrialists wishing to move into Eastern industrial Park with development projects. Development of the
amenities and facilities shall then continue over a period of 2 years as industries also develop in the park.
Objectives:
To develop a secure high-end industrial park with world class infrastructure.
To provide fully serviced plots to industries to speed up project development.
To provide core infrastructure and amenities to boost trade activities i.e. roads, water, power, street lighting,
sewage treatment/management, commercial areas, banks, wholesale outlets, hospital, police station, fuel
station, community centre, public transport stages, shopping mall, etc.
To incorporate a natural and green environment to provide a soothing landscape..
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Currently, there is a shortage of such buildings in this neighbourhood and its environs for such functions. On
the other hand the EIA study objectives for the proposed project were:
To identify environmental economic, social and health impacts,
To solicit views/opinion of the public and neighbors on the impacts of the project and
Develop an Environmental Management Plan for the project.
Arising from above objectives (Project and EIA), the scope of Environmental Impact Assessment include the
following:
The baseline conditions of the project area,
Description of the proposed project,
Relevant legislative, policy and administrative frameworks,
Views/opinions of the public,
Identification of significant adverse impacts to the environment,
Mitigation measures to adverse impacts, and
An Environmental Management Plan for the proposed project.
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An indication of whether the environment of any other state is likely to be affected and the available
alternatives and mitigating measures and
Such other matters as the authority may require.
1.6 Methodology.
Environmental Screening:
Environmental screening was carried out to determine whether an EIA assessment is necessary for this project
and at what level of evaluation. This took into consideration the requirements of the Environmental
Management and Coordination Act (EMCA), 1999, and specifically the second schedule of the same act. From
the screening process, it was understood that this project will cause significant impacts on the environment.
Environmental Scoping:
In scoping, focus was on environmental impacts of great concern. Environmental issues were categorized into
physical, natural/ecological and social, economic and cultural aspects. Impacts were also classified as
immediate and long-term impacts.
This will include assessment of the proposed project in respect of but not limited to:
Project Background:
This will give the brief history of the proposed project site, the parties involved and justification of the project
in terms of demand or lack of the same, the project area, relevant policy and legislation, identification of any
associated project, or any planned projects including products within the region which may compete for the
same resources; the project including products, byproducts, processes both at implementation and operational
level, resources required for successful implementation and operation of the project and the different options
considered.
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To evaluate the economics of the project, and establish its viability in terms of the expected environmental
concerns and measures.
Evaluation:
An indication of how the information gathered will be evaluated to give optimum results,
Desktop Study.
This involved documentary review of project documents, architectural drawings, past EIA relevant policy,
legal and institutional frameworks. Documents containing climatic, demographic and hydrological data for the
region were also relied upon.
Compiling.
In the entire exercise, the proponent and EIA experts contacted each other on the progress of the study and
signing of various documents. The proponent will have to submit ten copies of this study alongside a CD to
the National Environment Management Authority for review and issuance of an EIA license.
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2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Abacus Property Consultants Limited in collaboration with consortium of local and overseas partners
proposes to establish an ultra- modern Industrial park in Nairobi County. The park will be located on 200
acres in Ruai- Njiru area, 2km off the Eastern Bypass. The project concept entails development of Infinity
Industrial Park where 200 acres of land will be bought and serviced with all requisite infrastructure facilities
constructed to international standards. The park when fully developed is expected to enhance Kenya’s
position as an international competitive and attractive investment location.
The Park will be comprehensively designed and planned to provide an institutional framework, physical
infrastructure and administrative services that are currently not available elsewhere in the entire Eastern and
Central African region. Investors in the Park will purchase serviced plots that will be sub-divided into plots
ranging from 1-5acres for development according to their own needs and ion line with specific factory
specification and designs. About 25% of the total 200 acres will be dedicated to infrastructure development
while the remaining will be divided into plots and further sold to investors.
The basic rationale for allowing individual ownership of plot is to enable industrialists to own and develop the
plots which together with plant and equipment can be used as collateral for banking financing. Landed
property is critical balance sheet asset that is permanent and offers great leverage when an investor opts to
access credit. Existing EPZ facilities are owned by developers in their entirety and many only leased for short
periods to investors; this is great disadvantage for investors opting to use their asset for borrowing.
The actual design components of the proposed development, as depicted on the architectural drawings
attached in this study, include:-
Creation of the basic and standard infrastructural amenities towards realization of this goal
Construction of numerous godowns and other peripheral amenities
Construction of a driveway, sidewalk and parking lot for vehicles
Development utilities (water, drainage, electricity etc)
Site landscaping and recreational amenities
A waste water treatment plant
Access roads and other infrastructural amenities
Construction of a perimeter wall including a guard house and dustbin cubicles
The project will cost approximately Nine Hundred Fifty Million Kenya Shillings (Kshs. 950,000,000)
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF THE PARK
a. Direct Foreign Investment
The park will attract foreign investors through initial partnerships during development and investors who will
set up manufacturing enterprises in the park. Out of the total development cost of Kshs 6.25 billion we expect
approximately 50% to be foreign investment. In addition, we expect 500 enterprises to be established within
the Park, some of which will be multinationals. This no doubt is substantial boost to our foreign reserves and
support to the balance payments.
b. Employment Creation
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The park through manufacturing enterprises and support facilities is expected to create 20,000 jobs directly.
However through downstream and upstream activities over 50,000 jobs will be created.
c. Export Promotion and Diversification
We expect that the majority of manufacturers in the Park will target the export markets in the region, Europe,
America and Asia. New products will be manufactured thereby broadening and deepening the export sector
and reducing dependence on imports and saving on foreign exchange.
d. Technology and Skills Transfer
Modern Technology will be brought into the county to ensure that goods produced in the Park are
competitive and quality standards are compatible with international expectations. Skill transfer and diffusion
will take place when local managers and workers are trained to operate and run machines to be imported into
the country.
To ensure that the tenets of CSR are fully met the following activities will be undertaken:-
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Supporting sporting activities.
Providing Social amenities such as clinics and community centers.
Supporting needy and poor children through bursaries to ensure that they go to school.
Being actively involved in environment conservation activities within and around the Park.
Giving donations to societies supporting the disabled and destitute.
We believe that social responsibility is not an option part of the business strategy of the Abacus Group of
Companies.
There are both positive and negative impacts associated with the proposed Eastern Industrial Park
project. These are identified according to phases namely: Construction Phase, Operational Phase and
Decommissioning Phase.
In general the following positive impacts are associated with the proposed development:-
Investment and Employment opportunities
Decentralization and decongestion of the Industrial Centre’s workforce population
Ease of neighbouring commercial centres traffic congestion
Gains in the local and national economy
Increase in national Commercial housing stock
Improvement in the Commercial housing quality
Optimal use of land
Several measures have been and shall be put in place to mitigate any foreseeable impacts that are likely to lead
to environmental degradation. Some of these measures include preparation of a hazardous substance control
and emergency response plan that will include preparations for quick and safe clean up of accidental spills,
others are minimization of increased water demand; minimization of worker accidents and hazards during
construction phase; reduction of energy consumption; reduction of impacts at extraction sites and efficient use
of raw materials; Minimization of solid waste during construction phase; minimization of storm water run-off
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and soil erosion; and minimization of vegetation disturbance which are all outlined elaborately within the
environmental management/monitoring plan.
The study is based on laid down scientific qualitative procedures with the most recent methodologies and
analysis required in EIA and, strictly adheres to the relevant legislative framework governing the construction
industry. Reference was also made to EIA studies dealing with similar projects from other parts of the world.
Where possible, we have provided annexes such as site maps, plans and applications to local authorities to
support our findings and even pictorials to show the depth of our investigations. We have also provided
several photos of the proposed site.
We found out that, the proponent of the proposed project is conversant with the laid down rules and follows
the laid down regulations, standards, laws and structural drawings as laid out and proposed by the relevant
authorities and professionals respectively. Our conclusion is that the project is important for economic
development of the area and has balanced environmental considerations and benefits. We have given adequate
measures to mitigate the negative impacts and a management plan proposed which the proponent should
adhere to so as to curb irreparable environmental effects.
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3 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
3.1 Objectives:
To develop a secure high-end industrial park with world class infrastructure.
To provide fully serviced plots to industries to speed up project development.
To provide core infrastructure and amenities to boost trade activities i.e. roads, water, power, street lighting,
sewage treatment/management, commercial areas, banks, wholesale outlets, hospital, police station, fuel
station, community centre, public transport stages, shopping mall, etc.
To incorporate a natural and green environment to provide a soothing landscape.
.
Picture 1: The site’s view (above and below) as focused from the hilly side.
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Picture 2: Other views of the site.
With the ongoing infrastructural expansions, like Nairobi – Thika Highway, Eastern and Southern by-passes
being constructed and opening routes for more business opportunities, thus changing the regions setup from
the current vast under-utilized chunks of land to a befitting commercial and residential hubs to be exploited
and transformed, one will not only put them to a better use but also diversify and magnify their benefits by
incorporating the private developers and general investors as well. Due to its size and proximity to the main
road, numerous entrepreneurs are expected to capitalize on its prime location to open various businesses
which will boost the area’s per capita to a greater extent.
The plot targeted for development is located just about 35 kilometres from Nairobi City’s CBD. It can only be
accessed via Nairobi – Thika Super highway or Mombasa road then divert to Kangundo road and finally
eastern bypass just along Gatharaini River within the Njiru area, as shown in the locational sketch in the
following pages (Paragraph 5.2). The Eastern Industrial Park is planned to incorporate numerous lettable
commercial spaces, other peripheral amenities cum vehicles parking facilities among others.
Environmental concerns need to be part of the planning and development process and not an afterthought, it
is therefore advisable to avoid land use conflicts with the surrounding area. To avoid unnecessary conflicts
that retard development in the country, the proponent undertook this EIA and incorporated environmental
concerns as advised by NEMA. Finally, a comprehensive Environmental Management Plan is mandatory for a
project of this magnitude and nature because commercial houses will produce large quantities of solid wastes
and wastewater.
It is a well known fact that there is a significant unemployment deficit that the nation is grappling with and in
a bid to narrow this gap, such initiatives by both the private sector and government needs to be supported
ardently for the general development and achievement of numerous development goals nationally. Therefore
this industrial housing project shall be a welcome development to help address the limitation of industrial
housing, decongestion of industrial areas and job creation in the city and its environs.
The conceived project is designed to be within character of the current commercial housing trends for the
area, where a survey revealed that such developments are guaranteed of attracting the desired clientele. The
need therefore exists for providing flexible, modern and cost effective commercial for such clients.
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3.3 INDUSTRIAL POLICY FRAMEWORK
The role of the manufacturing sector in Vision 2030 is to support the country’s social economic development
agenda by creating jobs, generating wealth and attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). In addition, the
sector is expected to play critical role by providing impetus towards the achievement of Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs) that include eradication of extreme poverty and foster development through
global partnerships. Policy initiatives undertaken to streamline and foster industrial growth embrace the
following:-
Development of the Investment Code through the Investment Promotion Act of 2004 to improve the
investment environment.
Enactment of Kenya Investment Authority act in 2006 to provide a “one stop shop” for licensing and
registration of businesses.
Formulation of the Private Sector Development Strategy (PSDS) in 2006 to promote the participation of the
private sector in steering the national development agenda.
Formulation of the National Exports Strategy (NES) to diversify and expand markets for manufacturers.
Preparation of National Industrial Policy under vision 2030 to guide in the transformation of the industrial
sector.
Development of Master Plan for Kenya’s Industrial Development to provide the roadmap for development of
the industrial sector.
In spite of the numerous policy initiatives, key challenges still stand on the way of developing a competitive
industrial sector. The challenges and constraints include the following:-
Regulatory and procedural constraints arising from overlaps and ambiguities in the mandates and functions of
Government Agencies. An investor, local or foreign has to deal with several government agencies resulting in
efficiency and high cost of establishing and doing business.
Inadequate and poor infrastructure including airports, harbours, railways, roads, utilities, factory building, land
and other essential services such as sewerages, drainage and firefighting.
Inadequate or lack of financial incentives and subsidies to ensure that the potential rate of return is sufficiently
adequate to attract and retain investors. Newly Industrialized Countries in Far East and emerging economies
in Eastern Europe have more comprehensive and more attractive incentive packages relative to Kenya. Kenya
has to wake up and offer better incentives in order to catch up economically.
Energy cost which is major input in manufacturing is excessively high and is made worse by high tax regime
(duty and VAT) coupled with erratic and disruptive power supply. Occasional spurts of inconsistency in
investment policies do not inspire confidence in investors and may result in costly litigation in courts of law.
Restriction on foreigners on ownership of land and generally on absolute property rights serve as a
discouragement to foreign investors and curtail direct foreign investment. High cost of ICT infrastructure
hinders access and usage leading to increased costs of marketing and communication. Lack of synergies
between industrialists and research and technology innovation. Complete absence of financial institutions
dedicated to provide funding for development of physical infrastructure which has long gestation period and
relatively low return. Lack of definition and recognition of an Industrial Park (IP) or zone and absence of
simple and transparent legislation on IPs away from Export Processing Zones (EPZs) which is just one form
of IPs. Need to collaborate with UNIDO which has a vast experience in implementation of legislative
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mechanisms for IPS activity, and particularly those involving public-private partnerships.
The project assessment investigates and analyses the anticipated environmental impacts of the proposed
development in line with the Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit ) 2003 regulations and in
particular part II S 7[1] a-k
To achieve all this, a systematic approach was followed by the consultant which include the general steps
outlined below:-
Environment screening
Environmental scoping which provided the key environmental issues
Desktop studies and interviews
Physical inspection of the site and surrounding areas
EIA Public participation via the use of questionnaires
Studying.
All these aspects will be considered accordingly. This study also seeks to ensure that all the potential
environmental impacts are identified and that workable mitigation measures are adopted. The study also seeks
to ensure compliance with the provision of the EMCA 1999, and Environmental (Impact Assessment and
Audit) Regulations 2003 as well as other regulations.
The study emphasizes the duties of the proponent and contractor during the construction phase as well as the
operation phase of this project.
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4 POLICY, INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK
4.0 Introduction
There is a growing concern in Kenya and at global level that many forms of development activities cause
damage to the environment. Development activities have the potential to damage the natural resources upon
which the economies are based. Environmental Impact Assessment is a useful tool for protection of the
environment from the negative effects of developmental activities. It is now accepted that development
projects must be economically viable, socially acceptable and environmentally sound.
According to Sections 58 and 138 of the Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA) No. 8
of 1999 and Section 3 of the Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations 2003 (Legal No.
101), urban developments require an Environmental Impact Assessment project/study study prepared and
submitted to the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) for review and eventual Licensing
before the development commences. This was necessary as many forms of developmental activities cause
damage to the environment and hence the greatest challenge today is to maintain sustainable development
without interfering with the environment.
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4.3 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
At present there are over twenty (20) institutions and departments which deal with environmental issues in
Kenya. Some of the key institutions include the National Environmental Council (NEC), National
Environment Management Authority (NEMA), the Forestry Department, Kenya Wildlife Services (KWS) and
others.
The Authority became operational on 1st July 2002 following the merger of three government departments,
namely:
National Environment Secretariat (NES),
Permanent Presidential Commission on Soil Conservation and Afforestation (PPCSCA), and
Department of Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing (DRSRS).
However, following government restructuring in March 2003, DRSRS reverted to its departmental status
under the then Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (MENR). There was a transition period
characterised by the integration of previous departmental activities and appointment of the first Board of
Management.
The objective and purpose for which NEMA is established is to exercise general supervision and co-ordinate
over all matters relating to the environment and to be the principal instrument of the government in the
implementation of all policies relating to the environment.
Section 3 of EMCA, 1999 states that “Every person in Kenya is entitled to a clean and healthy environment
and has the duty to safeguard and enhance the environment.” The Act is intended to ensure that our activities
do not compromise the capacity of the resource base to meet the needs of the present generation as well as
those of future generations (WCED, 1987)
Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company also undertake the following services:
Part VIII, section 72 of the Act prohibits discharging or applying poisonous, toxic, noxious or obstructing
matter, radioactive or any other pollutants into aquatic environment. Section 73 requires that operators of
projects which discharge effluent or other pollutants submit to NEMA accurate information about the
quantities and quality of the effluent. Section 74 demands that all effluent generated from point sources are
discharged only into the existing sewages system upon issuance of prescribed permit from the Local
Authorities.
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4.5.1 The Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations, 2003
The Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations, 2003 state in Regulation 3 that “the
Regulations shall apply to all policies, plans, programmes, projects and activities specified in Part IV, Part V
and the Second Schedule of the Act”.
unless an environmental impact assessment has been concluded and approved in accordance with these
Regulations…’’
Part II of the regulations regulation 4 (1) states that no person shall dispose of any waste on a public highway,
street, road, recreational area or in any public place except in a designated receptacle. Regulation 4 (2) further
states that a waste generator shall collect, segregate and dispose such waste in the manner provided for under
these regulations.
Regulation 5 (1) provides for cleaner production methods. It states that a waste generator shall minimise the
waste generated by adopting the following cleaner production methods:
(a) Improvement of production process through:
Regulation 8 of the regulations provides for the responsibility of waste transporters. It states that any person
granted a license to transport waste shall ensure that:
(1) The collection and transportation of such waste is conducted in such a manner that will not cause
scattering of the waste;
(2) The vehicles and equipment for the transportation of waste are in such a state that shall cause
scattering of, flowing out of waste or emission of noxious smells from such waste;
(3) The vehicles for transportation and other means of conveyance of waste follow the scheduled routes
approved by the Authority from the point of collection to the disposal site or plant; and
(4) He or his agent (s) possess at all times during transportation of the waste, a duly filled tracking
document as set out in Form III in the first schedule to these regulations and shall produce the same such
tracking document on demand to any law enforcement officer.
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4.5.3 EMCA – Noise & Excessive Vibration Pollution (Control) Regulations Of 2009
These rules are described in Legal Notice No. 25 of the Kenya Gazette Supplement No. 22 of April 2005 with
amendments in 2009 ( LN 61) and state the noise regulations that apply to every factory, premises, place,
process and operations to which the provisions of the Factories and Other Places of Work Act (Cap 514)
applies. These Rules describe the following:
Regulation 8 of these regulations provides for compliance with water quality standards. It states that all
operators and suppliers of treated water, containerised water and all water vendors shall comply with the
relevant quality standards in force as may be prescribed by the relevant lead agencies.
Regulation 9 of these regulations provides for water quality monitoring. It states that the Authority in
consultation with the relevant lead agency, shall maintain water quality monitoring for sources of domestic
water at least twice every calendar year and such monitoring records shall be in the prescribed form as set out
in the second schedule to these regulations. Table 2 below shows the quality standards for sources of domestic
water.
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Table 1: Quality standards for sources of domestic
water
Section 30 states that any person who carries out development without development permission will be
required to restore the land to its original condition. It also states that no other licensing authority shall grant
license for commercial or industrial use or occupation of any building without a development permission
granted by the respective Local Authority.
The Water Act Cap 372 vests the rights of all water to the state, and the power for the control of all body of
water with the Minister, the powers is exercised through the Minister and the Director of water resources in
consultation with the water catchments boards, it aims at among others:
1. Provision of conservation of water and
2. Appointment and use of water resources.
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He is also required to establish a safety and health committee at the workplace in a situation where the
number of employees exceeds twenty (section 9) and to cause a thorough safety and health audit of his
workplace to be carried out at least once in every period of twelve months by a registered safety and health
Advisor (Section 11). In addition, any accident, dangerous occurrence, or occupational poisoning which has
occurred at the workplace needs to be studyed to the occupational safety and health officer of the respective
area by an employer or self-employed person (section 21).
According to section 44, potential occupiers are required to obtain a registration certificate from the Director
for all premises intended for use as workplaces. Such places shall be maintained in a clean state during the
operation phase (section 47). To ensure machinery safety, every hoist or lift – section 63 and/or all chains,
ropes and lifting tackles – section 64 (1d), shall be thoroughly examined at least once in every
period of six months by a person approved by the Director of Occupational Health and Safety Services.
Similarly, every steam boiler - section 67 (8) and/or steam receiver - section 68 (4) and all their fittings and/or
attachments shall be thoroughly examined by an approved person at least once in every period of twelve
months whereas every air receiver shall be thoroughly cleaned and examined at least once in every period of
twenty four months or after any extensive repairs - section 69 (5). According to section 71 (3),
every refrigeration plant capable of being entered by an employee also needs to be examined, tested and
certified at least once in every period of twelve months by an approved person.
In relation to fire safety, section 78 (3) requires spillage or leaks of any flammable liquid to be contained or
immediately drained off to a suitable container or to a safe place, or otherwise treated to make it safe.
Furthermore, a clear and bold notice indicating that smoking is prohibited should be conspicuously displayed
in any place in which explosive, highly flammable or highly combustible substances, are manufactured, used,
handled or stored-section 78 (5).
In addition, necessary precautions for dealing with fire incidents should be implemented including provision
of means for extinguishing fire and means for escape, in case of fire, for the persons employed in any
workplace or workroom – section 81. As far as disaster preparedness and emergency response program is
concerned, section 82 (1) makes it a mandatory requirement for every occupier of a
workplace to design evacuation procedures to be used during any emergency situation and to have them tested
at regular intervals.
To promote health and safety of employees who are at risk of being exposed to chemical substances, section
84 (3) and 85 (4) requires every employer to maintain at the workplace material safety data sheets and chemical
safety data sheets respectively for all chemicals and other hazardous substances in use and ensure that they are
easily available to the employees.
The employers’ positive contribution towards the welfare of the employees include provision and maintenance
of adequate supply of wholesome drinking water - section 91 and a first aid box or cupboard of the prescribed
standard – section 95 at suitable point (s) conveniently accessible to all employees.
Other precautionary measures include: issuance of a permit to work to any employee, likely to be exposed to
hazardous work processes or hazardous working environment, including such work processes as the
maintenance and repair of boilers, dock work, confined spaces, and the maintenance of machinery and
equipment, electrical energy installations, indicating the necessary precautions to be taken – section 96 (1);
provision and maintenance for the use of employees, adequate, effective and suitable protective clothing
including suitable gloves, footwear, goggle and head coverings in any workplace where employees are likely to
be exposed to wet, injurious or offensive substance – section 101 (1).
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4.5.11 Health
The premise must be kept clean, daily removal of accumulated dust from floors, free from effluvia arising
from any drain, sanitary convenience or nuisance and without prejudice to the generality of foregoing
provision. A premise must not be overcrowded, there must be in each room 10 metres of space for each
employee, not counting space 14 feet from the floor and a 9 feet floor-roof height.
The circulation of fresh air must secure adequate ventilation of workrooms. There must be sufficient and
suitable lighting in every part of the premise in which persons are working or passing. There should also be
sufficient and suitable sanitary conveniences separate for each sex, must be provided subject to conformity
with any standards prescribed by rules. Food and drinks should not be partaken in dangerous places or
workrooms.
Provision of suitable protective clothing and appliances including where necessary, suitable gloves, footwear,
goggles, gas masks, and head covering, and maintained for the use of workers in any process involving expose
to wet or to any injurious or offensive substances.
4.5.12 Safety
Fencing of premises and dangerous parts of other machinery is mandatory. Training and supervision of
inexperienced workers, protection of eyes with goggles or effective screens must be provided in certain
specified processes. Floors, passages, gangways, stairs, and ladders must be soundly constructed and properly
maintained and handrails must be provided for stairs.
Special precaution against gassing is laid down for work in confined spaces where persons are liable to
overcome by dangerous fumes. Air receivers and fittings must be of sound construction and properly
maintained. Adequate and suitable means for extinguishing fire must be provided in addition to adequate
means of escape in case of fire must be provided.
4.5.13 Welfare
An adequate supply of both quantity and quality of wholesome drinking water must be provided. Maintenance
of suitable washing facilities, accommodation for clothing not worn during working hours must be provided.
Sitting facilities for all female workers whose work is done while standing should be provided to enable them
take advantage of any opportunity for resting.
Section 42 stipulates that every premise shall be provided with maintenance, readily accessible means for
extinguishing fire and person trained in the correct use of such means shall be present during all working
periods.
Section 45 states that regular individual examination or surveys of health conditions of industrial medicine and
hygiene must be performed and the cost will be met by the employer. This will ensure that the examination
can take place without any loss of earning for the employees and if possible within normal working hours.
Section 55B provides for development and maintenance of an effective programme of collection, compilation
and analysis of occupational safety. This will ensure that health statistics, which shall cover injuries and illness
including disabling during working hours, are adhered.
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5 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
5.0 Introduction
This Section describes the proposed Eastern Industrial Park’s project design. It highlights various aspects
related to the proposed project. The aspects include the following; Client’s brief, location, access and design
and response to the environment.
Project location
The proposed project is located about (35 Kms) thirty five kilometres from Nairobi City’s CBD along the
busy Nairobi – Thika Highway along Gatharaini River within Njiru area in the outskirts of Juja town. The plot
in mention is LR. No.17553. Neighbouring landmarks are few and scattered residential homes in the
neighbourhood and Mwihoko estate on the opposite side of River Gatharaini within Kiambu County.
Sketch 1: Directional sketch to the proposed site.
GATHARAINI RIVER
MWIHOKO
ESTATE
TO THIKA
SUPER
HIGHWAY
GITHIOKO ESTATE
County
Club
DAMAGED BRIDGE Restaura
CONNECTING MWIHOKO nt
AND GITHIOKO ESTATES
NEW NEW
BUILD BUILDI
INGS NGS
FROM
KANGUNDO
ROAD
JUNCTION
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The main access road, Eastern bypass is still new and is in perfect condition and are frequently used by both
motorists and pedestrians as shown in the picture below.
Picture 4: Motorists using the newly constructed Eastern bypass, the site’s main access road, about
3kms from the site.
The site falls within a blend of both commercial premises and some residential homes and other associated
developments including reliable road network, electricity, water supply and other infrastructural amenities.
The project will involve the development of an Eastern Industrial Park complete with parking bays, lettable
commercial spaces amongst other necessary amenities. The other components will include, storm water
drainage system, sewage drainage system, and electricity and water supply systems to ensure smooth
operations at the venture.
5 The Commercial Housing’s Design (with reference to the Architectural Drawings attached in
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the appendix)
The technology used in the design and construction of the Eastern Industrial Park will be based on
national/international permitted standards, which have been customized by various housing designs in Kenya.
With the commercial units beginning right from the ground floor, and ample space for parking of cars, most
of the godowns of the Eastern Industrial Park units will comprise of similar settings with minor architectural
differences where deemed fit, for the safetiness of the structure. The units will comprise of the following
features:-
Apart from the concrete products factory, the godown blocks will be composed of:
Ample lettable commercial spaces
Sanitary rooms (toilets and washrooms),
Well groomed lawns and many more.
Spacious vehicular parking spaces within the compound
The building will be provided with storm water facilities from the roof top through peripheral drainage
systems into storm water drainage systems. Drainage pipes will be of the PVC type and will be laid under the
buildings and the driveway and will be encased in concrete.
The building will have adequate natural ventilation through provision of permanent vents in all habitable
rooms, adequate natural and artificial light, piped water stored in underground and above ground tanks.
5.7 Infrastructure
The Eastern Industrial Park will have a comprehensive and robust infrastructure including an access driveway
road, parking areas, water storage, electricity distribution and waste disposal.
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Picture 5: The site’s only access road, passing through Githioko estate, from the main Eastern bypass
5.9 Guardhouse
A guardhouse, is located next to the main entrance to the facility will be constructed to ease in and outward
movement of tenants and also to ensure security operations around the compound. Within the gatehouse
block will be incorporated washing facilities and waste collection cubicles.
Picture 6: The site’s access road diverting the main Eastern Bypass just at “County Club” restaurant,
down through Githioko Estate.
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shall be water storage tanks provision for the general occupants which will be mounted at the roof level of the
block.
Picture 7: The existing borehole, accessed by the proponent's team and other consultants
5.16 Need for water harvesting and Storage
Due to ever increasing demand for water which is occasioned by gradually increasing population in the native
region and its environs as compared to the limited supply the Ruiru - Juja & Sewerage Company, there is dire
necessity to harvest and store water from other source especially rain water during rainy seasons to usage
during dry seasons of the year or possibly by drilling of a borehole, licence granted. These measures will avert
scarcity and promote conservation and accountability among residents and the neighbours
The proponent is urged to ensure that water storage tanks be put in place, as a backup system, in case of water
shortage problems.
5.18 Landscaping
The project site’s exterior may be landscaped after construction in conjunction with support of the
neighbours, using plant species available locally. This may include establishment of flower gardens and lush
grass lawns to improve the visual quality of the site and its vicinity.
Picture 8: Gatharaini River, the boundary line separating Nairobi and Kiambu counties on the lower
side of the site.
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any nearby infrastructural or private installations and systems. These usually involve the use of heavy
earthmoving machinery such as tractors and compressors.
5.26 Roofing
Roofing activities will include raising the roofing materials such as tiles and structural timber to the roof and
fastening the roofing materials to the roof.
5.28 Plumbing
Installation of pipe-works for water supply and waste distribution will be carried out within the blocks, factory
and the associated facilities. In addition, pipe-works will be done to direct the whole blocks and factory’s
sewerage into the installed bio-digester. Drainage of storm water from the rooftops into the peripheral storm
water drainage system will be done as well. Plumbing activities will include metal and plastic cutting, the use of
adhesives, metal grinding and wall drilling among others.
5.29 Landscaping
To improve the aesthetic value or visual quality of the site once construction ceases, the proponent will carry
out landscaping. This may include establishment of flower gardens and grass lawns and will involve
replenishment of the topsoil. It is noteworthy that the proponent will use plant species that are available
locally preferably indigenous ones for landscaping.
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Picture9: Existing Sewer line manholes in the site's vicinity, from which the project's sewer system will be connected.
5.32 Cleaning
The proponent will be responsible for regular maintenance and cleaning of the pavements and compound.
Individual tenants will be responsible for washing and cleaning their own Commercial spaces. Cleaning
operations will involve the use of substantial amounts of water, disinfectants and detergents.
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5.36 Site restoration
Once all the waste resulting from demolition and dismantling works is removed from the site, the site will be
restored through replenishment of the topsoil and re-vegetation using indigenous plant species.
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6 BASELINE INFORMATION OF THE STUDY AREA
6.0 Introduction
Nairobi lies at an altitude of 1680m above sea level, but this height ranges from 1500m (to the east) to 2300m (to
the West). It is located at longitude 36o 50' east and latitude 1o 18' South about 140 km South of the Equator and
situated at an elevation of about 5,500 feet above sea level, placing its high affect for the cooler air to keep its
temperatures moderate.
Nairobi City has experienced rapid growth both in terms of population and physical expansion. The physical
area of Nairobi has been expanding tremendously from 3.84 Km2 in 1900 to 684 Km2 in 1963 which is the
current official size of the City.
Nairobi City lies in the Athi River Drainage Basin. The major rivers that cross the City include Nairobi, Ruaraka,
Ngong, Athi and Mathari River. All these drain from the West and flow towards the Eastern direction as dictated
by the topographical features. As the rivers pass through the City, industrial effluents, municipal waste and
siltation heavily pollute them.
6.2 Climate
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The highest temperature ever reached in Nairobi was 32.8 degrees Celsius and the lowest was 3.9 degrees
Celsius.
This is not to say that values are always high, since the easterly winds coming off the Indian Ocean tend to
keep the temperatures standard throughout the country; therefore the “warm sticky” feeling is usually not
associated with Nairobi as much as one would think. In the summer to autumn months of January to April,
relative humidity values have been known to plummet to anywhere from 10% to 20%. The typical day,
humidity-wise, starts off with nearly saturated in the morning hours, and steadily decreases throughout the
remainder of the day.
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There is usually not an indication of when these rainy seasons will start, since it is difficult to determine when
one starts and when the other finishes. Consequently, a person may think there is only one rainy season when
looking at the annual rainfall amounts (See Table 3).
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
48 48 115 195 137 42 15 21 24 52 114 77
Table 4: The average rainfall (mm) for each month of the year, based on the records for 50 years.
6.2.6 Infrastructure
Due to such rapid urban growth, provision of basic infrastructure for all has become an important concern of
development planners in Nairobi. Basic infrastructural services that have deteriorated due to such rapid increase
in population include: Solid Waste Management (SWM) system; water and sewage systems; drainage and flood
protection; roads; mass transportation; electric installations; and telecommunications. Greater environmental
pollution, congestion and other problems have been the result of under-provision of such basic services.
The city is well served, with good communication and transport network such as air, road, and railway. It is
centrally located to serve the Eastern African countries. Bus and train stations are within an easy walk of the
City Centre. The main railway line runs from Mombasa to Malaba though Nairobi City. This network
facilitates transportation of agricultural products from western Kenya to the coast. The city is a hub of road
transport connecting other major towns in the country. On air transport Jomo Kenyatta International airport
makes it easy to transport goods from all over the world into the country and vice verse.
6.2.7 Population
The cosmopolitan capital of Kenya, currently houses over 4 million people with a growth rate estimated at 7%
which represents 51% of the country’s urban population. Nairobi City has one of the highest urban
population densities in the country of up to 3,079 persons per square kilometre, bringing with it the associated
needs for housing facilities. Such needs can be catered for by establishment of adequate facilities such as these
houses that will provide living room for the ever-increasing population.
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trading areas, middle class suburbs, and spacious mansions for the rich and powerful. It also has vast
overcrowded tenements and slums, exploitation, and high unemployment.
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7 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
7.0 Introduction
Interviews were carried out in the neighbourhood by the use of one on one conversations and printed
questionnaires to find out all the views from the neighbours’ within Githioko estate towards the Eastern
Industrial Park project.
The main purpose for such interviews was to identify the positive and negative impacts and subsequently
promote and mitigate them respectively. It also helped in identifying any other miscellaneous issues which may
bring conflicts in case project implementation proceeds as planned.
The questionnaires have since been submitted to NEMA.
Employment creation
The project’s phases have and will continue to offer both direct and indirect opportunities for employment
because of its nature and by considering its size.
The negative impacts due to increased population in the neighbourhood that will result from establishment of
the Project include increased population without commensurate services and facilities; increased pressure on
infrastructure; air pollution; water pollution and generation wastes among others which however can be
mitigated.
Specifically, the services of the following groups of people will be required during the construction phase:
Supervising Engineers;
Architects;
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Structural Engineers;
Mechanical and Electrical Engineers;
Surveyors;
Environmentalists;
Heavy duty truck Drivers;
Building Contractors;
Site managers and Foremen;
Construction workers (Masons, Welders, Carpenters, Painters, Electricians, Plumbers, Casual labours
among others);
Security agents; and
Transporters.
Other neighbours with different needs will tap from this influx of professionals/people pool as well.
Given the Project size and the duration that the construction will take, employment will be short lived.
However, for the few who will be employed, their standards of living will improve within the duration of
employment.
The site workers will provide a market for the local food vendors and kiosks for the duration of the Project
construction.
Other commuters and traffic which were initially headed to these industrial centres will either be diverted or
reduced and diverted to this new business hub in the outskirt thus lessening the traffic load on the
neighbouring town routes.
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8 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
8.1 Introduction
This chapter outlines the potential negative and positive impacts that will be associated with the commercial
development project. The impacts will be related to activities to be carried out during construction of the
project. The operational phase impacts of the project will be associated with the activities carried out by the
residents/tenants, which will mainly be domestic. In addition, closure and decommissioning phase impacts of
the project are also highlighted.
The impacts of the Commercial Housing project during each of its life cycle stages (construction, operation
and decommissioning) can be categorized into: impacts on the biophysical environment; health and safety
impacts and socio-economic impacts.
Such solid waste materials can be injurious to the environment through blockage of drainage systems, choking
of water bodies and negative impacts on human and animal health. This may be accentuated by the fact that
some of the waste materials contain hazardous substances such as paints, cement, adhesives and cleaning
solvents, while some of the waste materials including metal cuttings and plastic containers are not
biodegradable and can have long-term and cumulative effects on the environment.
Picture 9: Reliable power source point along the plot from which the project's will be sourced.
The project will also use electricity supplied by Kenya Power & Lighting Company (KPLC) Ltd. Electricity in
Kenya is generated mainly through natural resources, namely, water and geothermal resources. In this regard,
there will be need to use electricity sparingly since high consumption of electricity negatively impacts on these
natural resources and their sustainability.
Since substantial quantities of these materials will be required for construction of the buildings, the availability
and sustainability of such resources at the extraction sites will be negatively affected, as they are not renewable
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in the short term. In addition, the sites from which the materials will be extracted may be significantly affected
in several ways including landscape changes, displacement of animals and vegetation, poor visual quality and
opening of depressions on the surface leading to several human and animal health impacts.
Because large quantities of building materials are required, some of which are sourced outside the area, such
emissions can be enormous and may affect a wide geographical area. The impacts of such emissions can be
greater in areas where the materials are sourced and at the construction site as a result of frequent gunning of
vehicle engines, frequent vehicle turning and slow vehicle movement in the loading and offloading areas.
Some of these waste materials especially the plastic/polythene are not biodegradable may cause long-term
injurious effects to the environment. Even the biodegradable ones such as organic wastes may be injurious to
the environment because as they decompose, they produce methane gas, a powerful greenhouse gas known to
contribute to global warming.
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8.4.2 Water use
The domestic activities during the operation phase of the project will involve the use of large quantities of
water which will exert excess demand on available supply
In addition to the above, the structure management should consider the following:
Conduct regular fire fighting drills within the scheme. This will facilitate training and sensitization of the
tenants.
Adapt an emergency response plan for the entire scheme.
Ensure that all firefighting equipment are strategically positioned, regularly maintained and service.
Provide fire hazard signs such as ‘No Smoking’ signs. Directions to exit in case of any fire incidence and
emergency contact numbers should be provided.
Contact/emergency numbers should be displayed generously within the project area.
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8.5.2 Employment opportunities
Several people will be employed by the project as management agents, caretakers, cleaners, security personnel
and technicians thus the operational cost will also be related to employment generation.
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8.6.3 Dust
Large quantities of dust will be generated during demolition works. This will affect demolition staff as well as
the neighbouring residents.
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9 ANALYSIS OF PROJECT ALTERNATIVES
This section analyses the project alternatives in terms of site, technology scale and waste management options.
Relocation option to a different site is an option available for the Project implementation. However, at present
the landowner/developer does not have an alternative site. This means that he has to look for the land.
Looking for the land to accommodate the scale and size of the Project and completing official transaction on
it may take up to two (2) years or longer although there is no guarantee that the land would be available. The
developer will spend another one year on design and approvals since design and planning has to be according
to site conditions. Project design and planning before the stage of implementation will cost the developer a
large sum of money. Whatever has been done and paid to date will be counted as a loss to the developer.
Assuming the Project will be given a positive response by the relevant authorities including NEMA, this
Project would have been delayed for about two (2) years period before implementation. This is a delay that
our economy can ill afford. This would also lead to a situation like No Project Alternative option. The other
consequence of this is that it would be a discouragement for private/local investors especially in the housing
sector that has been shunned by many public and private investors already aggravating our critical industrial
housing shortages. In consideration of the above concerns and assessment of the current proposed site,
relocation of the Project is not a viable option.
The economic status of the Kenyans and the local people would remain unchanged.
The local skills in entrepreneurship would remain under utilized.
Reduced visitation due to lack of accommodation in the Community that the project is proposed.
Reduced interaction both at local, national and international levels.
Few employment opportunities will be created for numerous numbers of Kenyans who will work in the
housing project area.
Increased urban poverty and crime in Kenya.
All the potential benefits would be lost
Loss of the financial inputs already used in the investments including consultancy fees to the project’s
manager, architect, structural engineer, environmentalist e.t.c.
The current utility of the site will be minimized
Additionally, these envisaged success factors and key selling points may not be realised including;
The proposed Eastern Industrial Park has a prime location on the Eastern Bypass, only 10 km off the main
Thika Super Highway and connecting smoothly to Mombasa Road.
The most important factor will be high security within the park with only one entrance/exit gate for the entire
development.
Government support and incentives will encourage industries to move into the park thus avoiding scattered
development and its adverse effects.
World class industrial infrastructure including sufficient power supply, water supply, roads and lighting, and
waste management.
All supporting amenities and facilities e.g. commercial area, wholesale outlet markets, hospitals, police station,
power sub-station, public transport stages, shopping malls, banks, etc.
Eastern Industrial Park will be a case study for the rest of Africa, which will invite a huge foreign investment.
From the analysis above, it becomes apparent that the No Project alternative is no alternative to the local
people, Kenyans, and the government of Kenya.
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10 IMPACTS MITIGATION AND MONITORING
10.1 Introduction
This chapter highlights the necessary mitigation measures that will be adopted to prevent or minimize
significant negative environmental, health and safety impacts associated with the activities the project during
its construction, operation and decommissioning phases. Allocation of responsibilities, time frame and
estimated costs for implementation of these measures are presented in the environmental management
programme (EMP) in Chapter 9.
The proponent shall put in place measures to ensure that construction materials requirements are carefully
budgeted and to ensure that the amount of construction materials left on site after construction is kept
minimal.
It is further recommended that the proponent should consider the use of recycled or refurbished construction
materials. Purchasing and using once-used or recovered construction materials will lead to financial savings
and reduction of the amount of construction debris disposed of as waste.
Additional recommendations for minimization of solid waste during construction of the project include:-
i. Use of durable, long- lasting materials that will not need to be replaced as often, thereby
reducing the amount of construction waste generated over time.
ii. Provision of facilities for proper handling and storage of construction materials to reduce
the amount of waste caused by damage or exposure to the elements of nature i.e. sunshine, rain etc
iii. Use of building materials that have minimal packaging to avoid the generation of excessive
packaging waste
iv. Use of construction materials containing recycled content when possible and in accordance
with accepted standards.
In addition, proper planning of transportation of materials will ensure that fossil fuels (diesel, petrol) are not
consumed in excessive amounts. Complementary to these measures, the proponent shall monitor energy use
during construction and set targets for reduction of energy use.
To reduce the negative impacts on availability and sustainability of the materials, the proponent will only order
for what will be required through accurate budgeting and estimation of actual construction requirements. This
will ensure that materials are not extracted or purchased in excessive quantities. Moreover, the proponent will
ensure that wastage, damage or loss (through run-off, wind, etc) of materials at the construction site is kept
minimal, as these would lead to additional demand for and extraction or purchase materials.
In addition to the above measures, the proponent shall consider reuse of building materials and use of
recycled building materials. This will lead to reduction in the amount of raw materials extracted from natural
resources as well as reducing impacts at the extraction sites.
11.1 Introduction
The Proposed Eastern Industrial Park project proponents realize that its activities has had and will have some
impacts on the biophysical environment, health and safety of its employees and members of the public, and
socio economic well being of the local residents. Thus, its main aim focuses on reducing the negative impacts
and maximizing the positive impacts associated with its activities through a programme of continuous
improvement.
An environmental management/monitoring plan has been developed to assist the proponent in mitigating and
managing environmental impacts associated with the life cycle of the project. The EMP has been developed to
provide a basis for an Environmental Management System (EMS; ISO 14001 principles) for the project. It is
noteworthy that key factors and processes may change through the life of the project and considerable
provisions have been made for dynamism and flexibility of the EMP. As such, the EMP will be subject to a
regular regime of periodic review.
Tables 5 and 6, form the core of this EMP for the construction, operational and decommissioning phases of
the housing project. In general, the Tables outline the potential safety, health and environmental risks
associated with the project and detail all the necessary mitigation measures, their financial costs, as well as the
persons responsible for their implementation and monitoring. The EMP will be used as basis in future
environmental audits.
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Table 5: Environmental Monitoring/Management Plan.
CONSTRUCTION: Loss of environmental Liaise with the Nairobi County’s department of Environment Continuous Proponent 1,500,000
services provided by on permission to fell trees Utilize open spaces maximally Contractor
Removal of trees &
trees including control
Vegetative cover Do not remove trees unnecessarily
of soil erosion, micro-
climatic modification; Replant trees on completion of construction Carry out
adverse aesthetic landscaping of open spaces Conduct landscaping
impacts
Participate in tree planting exercises outside whenever there is
opportunity
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PHASE & IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES TIME RESPONSIBLE BUDGET
ASPECT FRAME PERSONS (KSH)
Generation of
Public health and safety Site levelling and excavation works to be planned such that a Continuous Proponent 2,250,000
solid waste, Site impacts; pollution of section is completed and rehabilitated while another section Contractor
river
refilling & Levelling begins.
Njiru, land
Soil Excavation/ contamination/degrada Apply soil erosion control measures such as levelling of the
Erosion tion project site to reduce run-off velocity and increase infiltration of
storm water into the soil.
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PHASE & IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES TIME RESPONSIBLE BUDGET
ASPECT FRAME PERSONS (KSH)
Noise Pollution and Disturbance of the The noisy construction works will entirely be planned to be Continuous -Contractor 1,000,000
neighbours ; during day time when most of the neighbours will be at work. -Proponent
Vibration
occupational
safety and health Trees around the site will provide some buffer against noise
impacts propagation.
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PHASE & IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES TIME RESPONSIBLE BUDGET
ASPECT FRAME PERSONS (KSH)
Air /Dust pollution Disturbance of the Ensure strict enforcement of on-site speed limit regulations Continuous Contractor 500,000
neighbours ; Proponent
occupational Avoid excavation works in extremely dry weathers
safety and health
impacts Sprinkle water on graded access routes whenever necessary to
reduce dust generation by construction vehicles
OPERATION AND Adverse Aesthetic Design and implement an appropriate landscaping Continuous Proponent 3,000,00
MAINTENANCE Impacts programme to help in re-vegetation of parts of the project area Tenants 0
Removal of Vegetation after construction
& Top soil
Reuse of the top soil in landscaping.
Generation of solid Air, Land and Water Minimize waste through accurate estimation of the sizes and Continuous Tenants 1,500,00
and water wastes pollution and quantities of materials required, order materials in the sizes and Proponent 0
degradation quantities they will be needed, rather than cutting them to size,
or having large quantities of residual materials.
Storm water Water pollution Open drains connected to Nairobi County storm water drains Continuous Tenants & 20,140,000
will be provided on site. Proponent
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PHASE & IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES TIME RESPONSIBLE BUDGET
ASPECT FRAME PERSONS (KSH)
Security Insecure environment is Ensure the general safety and security at all times by Continuous Proponent & 30,000
not investment friendly providing day and night security guards and adequate lighting Tenants
within and around the premises.
Worker Occupational Occupational Health & All workers should be provide with full protective gear like Continuous Tenants 2,000,000
Health & Safety Safety Impacts working boots, overalls, helmets goggles, earmuffs, masks and Proponent
gloves.
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PHASE & IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES TIME RESPONSIBLE BUDGET
ASPECT FRAME PERSONS (KSH)
Use of Water and Increased demand for Avoid wasting of water supplied to the site during Continuous Tenants As per
Electricity water and electricity construction Proponent Budget
Generation of Pollution of the Njiru Provide a suitable toilet for construction workers away from the Continuous Tenants As per
human waste River; public health river Proponent Budget
impacts Ensure sewage disposal system is well maintained
Generation of Air pollution, Use of low sulphur diesel for diesel vehicles and equipment Continuous Tenants As per
gaseous emissions occupational Proper maintenance of vehicles and machinery Proponent Budget
and public health and
safety impacts
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PHASE & IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES TIME RESPONSIBLE BUDGET
ASPECT FRAME PERSONS (KSH)
Use of fire at Fire risks Provision of suitable fire fighting equipment Sensitize workers on Continuous Tenants As per
Within the Park fire safety Proponent Budget
Although there are no plans to decommission (reversing the site/land to original virgin status by removing the construction works on it) the
planned project any time in the foreseeable future, decommissioning phase is still an important phase in the project life cycle. In the
event that the proposed residence is to be decommissioned at the end of the project life cycle or sooner, the following will be the
potential positive and negative impacts
In addition to the mitigation measures provided in Table 5 above, it is necessary to outline some basic mitigation measures that will
be required to be undertaken once all operational activities of the housing project have ceased. The necessary objectives, mitigation
measures, allocation of responsibilities, time frames and costs pertaining to prevention, minimization and monitoring of all potential
impacts associated with the decommissioning and closure phase of the housing project are outlined in Table 6 below.
Table 6: Environmental Management/Monitoring Plan for the Decommissioning Phase of Proposed Eastern Industrial Park.
DE-COMMISS- IMPACT
IONING Responsible Time Cost
Recommended Mitigation Measures
PHASE Party Frame (Kshs.)
(ASPECT)
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DE-COMMISS- IMPACT
IONING Responsible Time Cost
Recommended Mitigation Measures
PHASE Party Frame (Kshs.)
(ASPECT)
Demolition of the Disturbance of Implement an appropriate revegetation programme to Contractor, One-off As per
existing Structures the neighbours ; restore the site to its original status Proponent budget
occupational
Disturbance of Consider use of indigenous plant species in
the neighbours ;
occupational revegetation
12 AUXILLIARY INFORMATION
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12.1 Budget
The summary of the Bills of Quantities that form the budget of the project is as follows:
Physical water qualities including colour and other variables like Biological Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand
(COD). This is to be done with guidance from the NW & SC as the lead agency responsible for water issues.
Floral and faunal life species is in the surrounding
Environmental Health and safety measures using such standards as ISO 14000 and EMS and the laid down regulatory framework
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Waste management
Examine the changing land use patterns including those for residential, ecological and economic purposes
Accidents and risk assessment arising from the use of water, roads, electricity and or any other amenity
12.3 Studying
Constant studying by the site contractor to the architect is necessary to ensure the project is executed as per the architectural drawings. The
safety officer should always remain on site to study any safety concerns for urgent mitigation. He should also at all times enforce safety
requirements as per the relevant legislation. The contractor must consult the architect to maintain a clear understanding of all the aspects of
the project
The positive impacts are highly rated and will benefit all stakeholders and the Njiru and its surrounding areas residents at large. The project
proponents have proposed to adhere to prudent implementation of the environmental management plan. They are obtaining all necessary
permits and licenses from the relevant authorities and have qualified and adequate personnel to do the project as proposed. They have
proposed adequate safety and health mitigation measures as part of the relevant statutory requirements
This project should be licensed subject to annual environmental audits once it has been commissioned. This will be in compliance with the
Environmental Management and coordination Act of 1999 and the Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit regulations 2003.
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13 APPENDICES:
KINDLY NOTE, THAT ALL THE ABOVE LISTED DOCUMENTS HAVE BEEN SUBMITTED TO NEMA ON 10 TH
JANUARY 2014.
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14 REFERENCES:
Kenya gazette supplement Acts 2000, Environmental Management and Coordination Act Number 8 of 1999. Government printer, Nairobi
Kenya gazette supplement Acts Building Code 2000 by government printer, Nairobi
Kenya gazette supplement Acts Land Planning Act (Cap. 303) government printer, Nairobi
Kenya gazette supplement Acts Local Authority Act (Cap. 265) government printer, Nairobi
Kenya gazette supplement Acts Penal Code Act (Cap.63) government printer, Nairobi
Kenya gazette supplement Acts Physical Planning Act, 1999 government printer, Nairobi
Kenya gazette supplement Acts Public Health Act (Cap. 242) government printer, Nairobi
Kenya gazette supplement number 56. Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations 2003. Government printer, Nairobi
Thika District Development plan (2004-2008). Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government printers, Nairobi
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15 SIGNATORIES:
We, the under signed, hereby approve that all information given here in this study is accurate and true according to the best of our
knowledge and understanding.
PROPONENT
NAME……………………………………………………………………………….………………..…
POSITION……………………………………………………………………………………….……...
SIGNATURE……………………………………………………………………………….………...…
DATE…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
FIRM OF EXPERTS
SIGNATURE………………………………………………………………………………………..……
DATE……………………………………………………………………….…………………………….
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