Spec - A00 Pressure Control Manual

WELLS PUBLICATION
PRESSURE CONTROL MANUAL FOR DRILLING,

COMPLETION AND WELL INTERVENTION
Copyright Shell Group of Companies. No reproduction or networking permitted without license from Shell. Not for resale
OPERATIONS
WS 38.80.31.32-Gen.
Revision 3.5
Custodian PTE Well Control

Author van Wijk, Jan; Parkinson, Andrew
Owner VP Wells Engineering and Capability
Status Live
Last Revised 1st January 2022
Valid To 1st January 2023
Shell standards and manuals are intended to direct Shell employees in the performance of their duties. They are not intended
for investors, and should not be relied on when considering whether to buy, retain or sell shares in any Shell Company. This
document is classified as Restricted. Access is allowed to Shell personnel, associate companies and contractors working on
Shell projects who have signed a confidentiality agreement with Shell.
Copyright Shell Global Solutions International B.V. 2016.
This document contains information that is classified as EAR99 and, as a consequence, can neither be exported nor re-exported
to any country which is under an embargo of the U.S. government pursuant to Part 746 of the Export Administration Regulations
(15 C.F.R. Part 746) nor can be made available to any national of such country. In addition, the information in this document
cannot be exported nor re-exported to an end-user or for an end-use that is prohibited by Part 744 of the Export Administration
Regulations (15 C.F.R. Part 744).
This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

Shell Gerard.Mohammed@shell.com 28/11/2022 13:56:51
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 4
SCOPE ......................................................................................................................... 4
PURPOSE .................................................................................................................... 4
PRESSURE CONTROL GUIDE ................................................................................... 4
DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................... 5
ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................... 10
SUMMARY OF MAIN CHANGES .............................................................................. 11
SHALL[WELLS] STATEMENTS SUMMARY ..................................................................... 12
WELL CONTROL TRAINING AND EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION.................................. 13
WELL CONTROL TRAINING AND ASSESSMENT................................................... 13
WELL CONTROL EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION .................................................... 13
WELL CONTROL PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES ...................................................... 14
BARRIERS ................................................................................................................. 14
FORMATION STRENGTH ......................................................................................... 14
WELL ANNULUS VALVES......................................................................................... 15
WELL CONTROL PLAN ............................................................................................. 15
WELL CONTROL EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS ............................................................ 17
EQUIPMENT STANDARDS ....................................................................................... 17
CONNECTION REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................. 18
CONTROL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS .................................................................... 18
CONTROL SYSTEM PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS ....................................... 19
GENERAL SHEAR RAM REQUIREMENTS .............................................................. 20
BLIND / CASING / BLIND SHEAR RAM INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS ........... 21
SHEAR RAM CAPABILITY REQUIREMENTS .......................................................... 22
BOP CONTROL SYSTEM MANIFOLD PRESSURE ................................................. 22
GENERAL CHOKE MANIFOLD REQUIREMENTS ................................................... 22
SUBSEA BOP CHOKE MANIFOLD ........................................................................... 23
DIVERTER EQUIPMENT ........................................................................................... 23
WORKSTRING SHUT-OFF DEVICES ....................................................................... 23
MUD-GAS SEPARATOR (MGS) ................................................................................ 23
WELL CONTROL EQUIPMENT TESTS .................................................................... 23
WELL CONTROL EQUIPMENT TEST ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA ........................... 25
SURFACE WELL CONTROL EQUIPMENT ....................................................................... 26
SURFACE WELL CONTROL EQUIPMENT TESTS .................................................. 26
SUBSEA WELL CONTROL EQUIPMENT .......................................................................... 29
GENERAL SUBSEA WELL CONTROL EQUIPMENT ............................................... 29
MARINE DRILLING RISER ........................................................................................ 29
WELLHEAD AND LMRP CONNECTOR .................................................................... 29
DEAD-MAN / AUTO-SHEAR SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ........................................ 29
EMERGENCY DISCONNECT REQUIREMENTS ..................................................... 29
ACOUSTIC SYSTEM ................................................................................................. 29
ROV FUNCTIONS ...................................................................................................... 30
SUBSEA WELL CONTROL EQUIPMENT TESTS .................................................... 31
CWI OPERATIONS.............................................................................................................. 35
COMPLETIONS OPERATIONS ................................................................................. 35
GENERAL WIRELINE REQUIREMENTS .................................................................. 35
SLICKLINE REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................... 35
ELECTRIC / BRAIDED LINE REQUIREMENTS........................................................ 35
SHOOTING NIPPLE REQUIREMENTS .................................................................... 35
SUCKER ROD WELL CONTROL EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS ......................... 35
Wells Manual WS 38.80.31.32-Gen. Page 2 of 44
1st January 2022 Pressure Control Manual for Drilling, Rev. 3.5
Completion and Well Intervention
Operations
The controlled version of this document resides online in the DEP system. Printed copies are UNCONTROLLED.

SNUBBING/HYDRAULIC WORKOVER UNITS REQUIREMENTS .......................... 35
COILED TUBING (CT) INTERVENTION REQUIREMENTS ..................................... 36
STIMULATION OPERATION REQUIREMENTS ....................................................... 36
SUBSEA WELL INTERVENTION SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ................................ 36
SUBSEA TEST TREE ASSEMBLY ............................................................................ 37
SUBSEA INTERVENTION LUBRICATOR ASSEMBLY ............................................ 37
CWI WELL CONTROL EQUIPMENT TESTS ............................................................ 38
SPECIAL TOPICS ............................................................................................................... 42
ANNULUS PRESSURE CONTROL TECHNIQUES (MPD / UBD / MCD / DGD /
PRD / CML) ................................................................................................................ 42
SEABED SHUT-IN DEVICE ....................................................................................... 42
WELL CONTROL CONTINGENCY PLAN .......................................................................... 43
GENERAL................................................................................................................... 43
WELL CONTROL CONTINGENCY PLAN ASSURANCE ......................................... 43
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 44
Operations

INTRODUCTION
Scope
This manual defines the minimum pressure control requirements for Shell Wells and
business ventures that have adopted Shell standards.
Purpose
The purpose of this manual is to describe the pressure control requirements to facilitate
safe and economic well construction, well completion, intervention and abandonment
operations.
Pressure Control Guide
The revised Pressure Control Manual for Drilling, Completion and Well Intervention
Operations is accompanied by the Pressure Control Guide for Drilling, Completion and Well
Intervention Operations (PCG). The PCG provides readers with additional information to
support decisions regarding management of risk in Wells operations to As Low As
Reasonably Practicable (ALARP).
Green boxes on statement numbers are links to the guide, which is embedded in this
document. Note that this functionality does not work when viewing the manual in browser
mode. This document includes guidance, justification and potential consequences of
deviation from manual requirements.
GUIDANCE - provides additional information in relation to the intent and practicability of
the requirement
JUSTIFICATION - states why the requirement is important for (specific) well operations
and how it helps to manage risks to ALARP.
POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES OF DEVIATION - provides insights into the potential
increase (change) in risk should the requirement not be implemented.
Blue hyperlinks are links to 'how-to' documents or external standards, such as IOGP 476
or API- standards. These links will lead the reader to the relevant section of the standard
as applicable.
Paperclips represent links to documents other than PDF files. These can be spreadsheets,
templates or other 'how-to' documents that could be used for providing evidence to show
that a manual requirement is met. The documents could also be recommended templates
of the Pressure Control PTE/SME network that can be used for the same purpose.
Operations

Definitions
General Term Definition

Company The Company is the organisation that initiates and funds the
project.
Contractor A general term for an individual or firm that has entered into a
legal contract to provide services/equipment to Company.
Deviation Deviation is any non-conformance with a SHALL[WELLS] or
shall requirement.
Operations

Specific Terms Definition
Certificate of Document in which the original equipment manufacturer (OEM),
Conformance OEM licensed facility certifies that the assembly or part has been
(COC) manufactured/remanufactured in conformance to the mentioned
standard(s), specifications and guidelines in accordance with the
original product definition, including design changes resulting
from a malfunction or failure history of well control equipment
manufactured, remanufactured and/or repaired to the appropriate
international standard/specification.
Certificate of Document in which the OEM, OEM licensed facility, Recognised
Service Technical authority or equipment owner certifies that the
(COS) equipment has been inspected, maintained and tested to rated
working pressure in accordance with OEM specifications.
Controlled Mud Operations where a pump positioned in the subsea riser is used
Level (CML) to manipulate the mud level in the riser in order to control bottom
hole pressure (BHP) and Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD).
Deepwater Water depth ≥ 1000 ft. (305 m)
Dual Gradient Operations where the margin between formation PP and
Drilling (DGD) formation fracture pressure is maintained by two different
hydrostatic fluid columns in the annulus, either by the use of an
annulus pump system or annulus drilling fluid dilution system.
Fit-For-Purpose Appropriate for its designated function.
High Pressure Where the undisturbed bottom hole temperature at prospective
High Temperature reservoir depth or total depth is greater than 300°F or 150°C, and
either the maximum anticipated PP of any formation that
exceeds a hydrostatic gradient of 0.8 psi/ft (1.84 SG), or a well
requiring pressure control equipment with a rated working
pressure in excess of 10000 psia.
H2S Operations Wells operations conducted under H2S partial pressure greater
than or equal to 0.05 psia (0.34 KPa).
Managed Pressure Operations where BHP is maintained above the expected PP
Drilling (MPD) with the application of surface pressure to avoid an influx into the
wellbore.
Maximum Anticipated The highest predicted pressure to be encountered from the well
Surface Pressure (MASP) at surface for each section/phase of the well.
Operations

Maximum Anticipated The highest predicted pressure from the well to be encountered
Wellhead Pressure at the wellhead for each section/phase of the well.
(MAWHP)
The hot kill and cold kill load case in the Casing and
Tubing Design Manual defines the bullhead margin.
The guidelines for the bullhead margin in the Casing
and Tubing Design Manual is 500 psi (3450 kPa) for
a development well and 1000 psi (6900 kPa) for an
exploration well.
For surface wellheads, MASP is equal to maximum
anticipated wellhead pressure (MAWHP). For subsea
wellheads, MASP does not equal MAWHP.
Mud Cap Drilling (MCD) Operations where BHP is maintained above PP by a dynamic
annular fluid column, without returns to surface, preventing influx
into the wellbore.
With Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling (PMCD) fluid is

pumped through the drillstring and the annular is
closed to divert drill fluid and drilled cuttings into the
loss zone.
With Floating mud cap drilling (FMCD) fluid is pumped
through the drill string and the annular is open to divert
drill fluid and drilled cuttings into the loss zone.
Original Equipment The design owner or manufacturer of the traceable assembled
Manufacturer (OEM) equipment, single equipment unit, or component part.
If any alterations to the original design and/or
assembled equipment or component part are made
by anyone other than the OEM or an OEM approved
facility, the assembly, part, or component is not
considered an OEM product.
Permanent Well All well equipment that remains in place after Wells operations
Equipment have been completed.
Operations

Primary Well Control WE & CWI pressure containing well control equipment directly
Equipment exposed to wellbore fluid/gas and used to shut-in the well (e.g.
BOPs, side outlet valves, workstring, workstring shut-off valves,
lubricator, stuffing box, flow cross, pressurized riser systems
(including dynamic seals and back pressure equipment) and the
respective primary well control equipment control systems.
Production Operations Production Operations commence when construction or
intervention work is complete and responsibility for the well is
handed over from Wells to Production. Barriers during
Production Operations are Production Barriers.
Pumped Riser Drilling Subsea operations where BHP is maintained above the expected
(PRD) PP, and loss of ECD when making connections is compensated
by changing the hydrostatic head in the drilling riser.
Ram Preventer A blowout preventer (BOP) that uses sealing or non-sealing style
rams to provide a seal or shear.
Rated Working Pressure The maximum working pressure at which well control equipment
(RWP) is allowed to operate as determined by the manufacturer.
Recognised Technical Competent and technically qualified person or organization with
Authority (RTA) evidence to demonstrate the expertise, skills, and experience
regarding design, quality, and manufacturing processes
necessary to perform the required verification(s).
Record Document or dataset created and maintained that provides
objective evidence of activities performed, results achieved, or
statements made.
Remanufacture Process of disassembly, reassembly and testing of equipment,
with or without the replacement of parts, in which machining,
welding, heat treatment or other manufacturing operation is
employed.
Repair Process of disassembly, inspection, reassembly, and testing of
equipment, with or without the replacement of parts in order to
correct failed or worn components.
Stimulation Operation Any pumping operation that increases or maintains the
connectivity of a reservoir to the wellbore. This can include, but is
not limited to, the following activities:
• acid/chemical washes;
• matrix acidizing;
• chemical treatments to remove deposits;
• scale squeezes;
• acid fracturing;
• hydraulic fracturing.
Surface Casing First tubular string providing blowout protection; isolates
shallower formations.
Temporary Well Well equipment installed on the well that is removed after Wells
Equipment operations have been completed.
Tight reservoir Reservoir(s) with a matrix permeability of less than 0.1 millidarcy
(mD), which require fracture stimulation treatments to generate
sustainable flow of hydrocarbons and show low inflow capability
due to low permeability.
Operations

Under Balanced Drilling Operations where Bottom Hole Pressure (BHP) is maintained
(UBD) below the Pore Pressure (PP).
Well / Production Barrier A tested envelope of one or several well barrier elements that
prevents unintentional flow from a source, and is effective for all
anticipated operating conditions.
Well / Production Barrier A physical element (including a fluid column) which in itself does
Element not prevent flow but in combination with other barrier elements
(WBE) forms a well / production barrier.
Well Control Package The combination of Lower Workover Riser Package + Tree
(WCP) Running Tool, or Emergency Disconnect Package + Lower
Workover Riser Package + Tree Running Tool.
Well Hop When a BOP is unlatched from one wellhead and latched to
another wellhead by breaking only the wellhead connection.
Wells Operations Wells Operations commence with spud of a well (for new wells)
or when responsibility for the well is handed over from
Production to Wells. Wells Operations terminate when the
responsibility for the well is handed back to Production. Barriers
during Wells Operations are Well Barriers.
Workstring Pipe run into the well to perform a task.
Operations

Acronyms
The following acronyms are used within this manual:
BHA HPHT
Bottom-Hole Assembly High Pressure High Temperature
BHP IADC
Bottom-Hole Pressure International Association of Drilling Contractors
BOP IBOP
Blowout Preventer Inside Blowout Preventer
BR IWCF
Blind RAM International Well Control Forum
BSR LMRP
Blind Shear Ram Lower Marine Riser Package
COC LWRP
Certificate Of Conformance Lower Workover Riser Package
COS MAASP
Certificate Of Service Maximum Allowable Annulus Surface Pressure
CSR MASP
Casing Shear Ram Maximum Anticipated Surface Pressure
CT MAWHP
Coil Tubing Maximum Anticipated WellHead Pressure
CWI MCD
Completion and Well Intervention Mud Cap Drilling
DGD MGS
Dual Gradient Drilling Mud-Gas Separator
DM/AS MPD
Dead Man/Auto Shear Managed Pressure Drilling
DP OEM
Dynamic Positioning Original Equipment Manufacturer
ECD POD
Equivalent Circulating Density Points of Distribution
EDP PP
Emergency Disconnect Package Pore Pressure
EDS PRD
Emergency Disconnect Sequence Pumped Riser Drilling
EQD RCD
Emergency Quick Disconnect Rotating Control Device
ERP RWP
Emergency Response Plan Rated Working Pressure
ESD ROV
Emergency Shutdown Remote-Operated Vehicle
FLBM SSTT
Frontline Barrier Manager Subsea Test Tree
FOSV UBD
Full-Opening Safety Valve Underbalanced Drilling
Operations

UMV WCE
Upper Master Valve Well Control Equipment
VBR WCP
Variable Bore Ram Well Control Package
VME WE
Von Mises Equivalent Well Engineering (Drilling/Workover)
WBE WOTL
Well Barrier Element Well Operations Team Lead
WCCP
Well Control Contingency Plan
Summary of Main Changes
This manual is a minor revision of the Pressure Control Manual for Drilling, Completion and
Well Intervention Operations (WS 38.80.31.32-Gen Rev. 3.3. Released February 2019)
Main Non-Editorial Changes

Manual Section
Description
Version No.
3.0
All Rationalized and reworded both SHALL[WELLS] and shall statements.
3.1
5.1 Updated reference linking for API STD 53 5th Edition
3.2
4.4 Included example Well Control Plan
3.3
4.4.2 Updated WCP sections for stimulation (Ref AO)
5.3 Include response time requirements from API 16D and justification in Guide
8.9 Added Well Stimulation section and requirements
3.4
Front Updated revised job title (VP Wells Engineering and Capability) post
Page Reshape organisational changes
3.4
3.5
Front Extended valid to period by 1 year.
Page
Operations

SHALL[WELLS] STATEMENTS SUMMARY
2.1 The following number of barriers SHALL[WELLS] be in place:
Wells Operations
Minimum
Number of Scenario
Well Barriers
1) Offshore wells after surface casing has been installed
Two Barriers 2) Onshore wells with potential for flow to surface, after
surface casing has been installed
1) Onshore wells with no potential to flow to surface

One Barrier
2) Undesirable cross flow between formation zones
Production Operations
Minimum
Number of Scenario
Well Barriers
Two Barriers 1) All wells
Deviations from barrier policy for Production Operations are raised against the
Well Integrity Management Manual and approved as per the Production
Technology Discipline Authority Manual.
Acceptance criteria for Production Barriers is defined in the WIMM.
2.2 Wells operations SHALL[WELLS] be executed in conformance with an approved Well

Control Plan.
2.3 An approved Well Control Contingency Plan (WCCP) SHALL[WELLS] be in place prior to
commencement of wells operations.
Operations

WELL CONTROL TRAINING AND EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION
Well Control Training and Assessment
Front Line Barrier Managers (FLBMs) and Wells Operations Team Leads (WOTLs) shall
satisfy the requirements listed in the table below:
Ref Company Staff Ref Consultant

A Round II Certificate or Round E Shell Trade Test
II Diploma
Initial
B Level 4 Supervisor’s IWCF or F Level 4 Supervisor’s IWCF or
IADC WellSharp certificate* IADC WellSharp certificate*
Every 2 years C Level 4 Supervisor’s IWCF or G Level 4 Supervisor’s IWCF or
after initial IADC WellSharp certificate* IADC WellSharp certificate*
Every 4 years D Wells 320 “Leading Advanced H Shell Trade Test or W320**
after initial Well Control” certificate**
*as defined in IOGP 476
**W320 is accredited to provide Level 4 Supervisor IWCF or IADC certificates
Contractor operational roles for well control shall hold a valid Equipment Operator Level 3 or
Supervisor Level 4 IWCF or IADC WellSharp certificate, relevant to their specific function.
As defined in IOGP 476.
Well Control Equipment Certification
All primary Well Control Equipment (WCE), except the workstring, shall have a Certificate of
Conformance (COC) issued by the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) or an OEM-
approved facility.
All primary WCE shall, except the workstring, be subjected to a 5-yearly inspection in
accordance with the manufacturer and equipment owner's preventative maintenance
program.
Workstring inspection intervals are based on the well conditions under which it’s
used and can follow inspection criteria defined in API RP 7G-2 or DS1 volume 3
or NS2.
All primary WCE, except the workstring, shall have its Certificate of Service (COS) renewed
annually.
When a COC is issued it is valid as a COS for the first year.
WCE certification shall be kept as a Record in English.
Operations

WELL CONTROL PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES
Barriers
The following number of barriers SHALL[WELLS] be in place:
Wells Operations
Minimum
Number of Well Scenario
Barriers
1) Offshore wells after surface casing has been installed
Two Barriers 2) Onshore wells with potential for flow to surface, after
surface casing has been installed
1) Onshore wells with no potential to flow to surface

One Barrier
2) Undesirable cross flow between formation zones
Production Operations
Minimum
Number of Well Scenario
Barriers
Two Barriers 1) All wells
Deviations from barrier policy for Production Operations are raised against the
Well Integrity Management Manual and approved as per the Production
Technology Discipline Authority Manual.
Acceptance criteria for Production Barriers is defined in the WIMM.
Well barriers shall be identified and documented in the well programme for each stage of the
well operation.
Upon completion of Wells operations, changes to the well status shall be recorded in the well
status diagram.
Barrier test documentation / records of barriers that are currently in place shall be retained
until the responsility for the asset ends.
Well barriers shall be tested by application of a differential pressure.
Well barriers are tested in the expected direction of flow or if this is not practical,
well barriers are tested in the opposite direction.
Formation Strength
Formation strength at the last casing shoe shall be confirmed before penetrating hydrocarbon
reservoirs or overpressures.
Operations

Well Annulus Valves
Well annulus valves shall be closed except during pressure monitoring or pressure relief.
Well annulus valves shall not be used to choke flow or to maintain a dynamic fluid barrier.
Two valves shall be installed on the surface wellhead live annulus side outlet connections
during Wells operations.
Well Control Plan
Wells operations SHALL[WELLS] be executed in conformance with an approved Well

Control Plan.
The Well Control Plan shall address the following:
These are minimum requirements, individual projects may include additional

content based on specific risk.
Ref Well Control Plan section Wells Operations

A Roles and responsibilities All
B Well control incident level 3 & 2 responses All
C Simultaneous operations All
D Well control drills All
Well control scenarios / operational recovery All
E
procedures
F Well barrier acceptance criteria All
G WCE specification, configuration and testing All
H Well control monitoring equipment All
Gas detection equipment and allowable gas All
I
concentration levels
J
H2S operations – equipment selection and All
procedures
Maximum Anticipated Surface Pressure / All
K
Maximum Anticipated Wellhead Pressure
Seabed Shut-in Device
Pumping/Stimulation
Hydraulic Workover
Abandonments
Coiled Tubing
Completions
Well Testing
Snubbing
Wireline
Drilling
Ref Well Control Plan section
L Fluid monitoring equipment         

M Fluid program to maintain well control       
Weighting material, chemicals and cement
N     
availability 
O Fluid storage and processing capability        
P The preferred shut in method          
Operations

Seabed Shut-in Device
Pumping/Stimulation
Hydraulic Workover
Abandonments
Coiled Tubing
Completions
Well Testing
Snubbing
Wireline
Drilling
Ref Well Control Plan section
Q Kick detection and well barrier monitoring        

Surface workstring shut off devices and x-
R     
overs
S Kill sheet schedule    
T Swab kick scenario    
U Kick tolerance for kick on bottom 
V Well annulus pressure control         
W Tripping requirements     
X Flow check strategy        
Y Riser and trip margin      
Downhole workstring non-return valves
Z      
strategy
Identification of potential loss circulation
AA   
zones   
AB Slow circulation rates schedule  
AC Stripping procedure     
AD Casing wear monitoring requirements   
AE Control line cutting equipment   
Well barrier implications for pressure-
AF     
activated equipment
Shallow gas investigation and contingency
AG 
planning
AH Narrow margin well control    
AI HPHT well control         
AJ Subsea hang off    
AK Emergency disconnect plan       
AL Surface cutting equipment 
Maximum Allowable Annulus Surface
AM        
Pressure
AN Wellbore surveying 
Protection of temporary and permanently
AO 
installed equipment from over-pressure
Operations

WELL CONTROL EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
Equipment Standards
WCE shall be operated and tested in accordance with OEM’s specifications and procedures.
Drill through WCE shall meet the requirements of API 16A for new equipment, and API 16AR
for repaired/remanufactured equipment.
The Blow Out Preventer (BOP) shall consist of remotely controlled equipment capable of
shutting in the well with or without pipe in the hole.
The operating pressure of the sealing WCE shall be sufficient to seal against RWP, MASP or
MAWHP when activating the close or high-pressure-close function.
The pipe rams under the lower shear ram shall be spaced to allow shearing above the tool
joint.
All subsea BOP side outlet valves shall be bi-directional sealing.
API Standard 53 shall apply for the following:
1) Well Control Equipment General Requirements [Sec 4]
2) Surface BOP Stacks [Sec 5.1]
3) Subsea BOP Stacks [Sec 6.1]
4) Choke Manifolds, Choke Lines, and Kill Lines-Surface BOP Installations [Sec 5.2]
5) Choke Manifolds, Choke Lines, and Kill Lines-Subsea BOP Installations [Sec 6.2]
6) BOP Control Systems (Subsea) [Sec 6.3]
7) Subsea Well Hop [Sec 6.4.12]
8) Surface - Periodic Maintenance and Inspection [Sec 5.4.2]
9) Subsea - Periodic Maintenance and Inspection [Sec 6.5.2]
A minimum of one annular with complete shut-off (CSO) capability shall be installed on land
wells with a MASP of 1,000 psi or less.
WCE, workstring, wire or coil used in H2S operations shall meet the requirements of NACE
MR0175/ ISO 15156 all parts.
Repair and remanufacturing of WCE shall be performed either by the OEM, API 16AR
service provider or an OEM approved alternative provider.
Drill through equipment repaired or remanufactured to a API 16AR Repair Service Level
(RSL) lower than 3 shall trigger a document review to verify its suitability for the application.
WCE shall be maintained and repaired with OEM genuine or API 16AR approved parts.
Valve greasing operations on WCE systems shall only be performed with internal pressure
bled off.
Operations

Equipment located in a harzardous area (as defined in API RP 500 and API RP 505) shall be
suitable for operation in that location.
A well kill connection to the wellbore (or annulus) shall be present below the lower-most WCE
component.
Casing rams or casing shear rams shall be installed when casing is being run across
hydrocarbon-bearing zones in hole sections for which the MASP or MAWHP exceeds the
RWP of the annular preventer for the pipe size deployed.
The burst rating of the workstring shall exceed the MASP or MAWHP.
The strength of the workstring shall prevent pipe collapse under MASP or MAWHP with
expected tension when the well is shut-in with the BOP.
Low-pressure systems connected to high-pressure systems shall be protected from
overpressure.
Connection Requirements
Side outlet valves on BOPs and wellheads shall be flanged or clamped.

Connections on mud / fluid pump discharge systems shall be flanged, clamped or hammer
lug / quick union.
Control System Requirements
API Spec 16D shall apply for the following surface and subsea control system requirements:
1) Accumulator Sizing Calculation Methods [Annex B]
2) Reservoirs and Reservoir Sizing—General [Sec 5.5]
3) BOP Control Valves, Fittings, Lines and Manifolds [Sec 5.15]
4) Remote Operation [Sec 5.16]
5) Response Time
a. Land and Surface [Sec 6.2]
b. Subsea [Sec 7.1]
Response times also applicable to CWI Well Control Equipment
6) Hose Reels and Hose Handling Equipment [Sec 7.4.3-7] - Including Hose Reel Drum,
Hose Reel Drive, Brakes and Locking Mechanism and Hose Sheaves
7) Emergency Disconnect Sequence (EDS) [Sec 8.5]
8) Diverter Control Systems [Sec 10]
9) Hazardous Area/Electrical Certificates [Sec 14.8.3]
BOP control system software shall be maintained to the OEM’s latest available version.
Precharge gas (Nitrogen, Helium) grade 2.8 (99.8% purity) or better shall be used in control
system accumulators.
Operations

Control System Performance Requirements
The following control system performance requirements shall be met:
Accumulator Volume /
Control Pressure Requirement Shear / Seal Requirement
Ref System
Type (with charging system (with charging system isolated)
isolated)
• Close one annular (largest • Close one annular*, close shear
volume), close all ram / rams.
valve preventers • Shear object against MASP**
Surface,
A • Open Hydraulic SOV and provide a well bore seal
WE
• Provide a well bore seal on against MASP**.
all ram/valve preventers
against MASP
• Close & open four ram Single BSR
preventers, close and open • Close one annular (largest
one annular (largest volume) *, close BSR, close
volume), close ram locks ram locks of operated rams
• Provide a well bore seal on • Shear object against MAWHP **
all ram/valve preventers and provide a well bore seal
against MAWHP. against MAWHP **.
Dual BSR
• Close one annular (largest
volume) *, close lower BSR,
close upper BSR, close ram
locks of operated rams
• Shear object against MAWHP **
Subsea with Lower BSR, provide a well
B
WE bore seal against MAWHP **.
CSR / BSR
• Close one annular (largest
volume) *, close CSR, close
upper BSR, close ram locks of
operated rams
• Shear object against MAWHP **
with CSR, provide a well bore
seal against MAWHP **.
DM/AS
• Use the installed BOP shear
ram configuration, BSR, dual
BSR or CSR + BSR.
• Close all WCE. Wireline shear/seal device:
• Provide a well bore seal on • Close shear seal valve.
Surface
C all ram/valve preventers • Shear object against MASP**,
CWI
against MASP. provide a well bore seal against
MASP**.
Operations

Coiled Tubing BOPs:
• Close one pipe ram, close slip
ram or pipe/slip ram, close
shear ram
• Shear object against MASP**,
provide a well bore seal against
MASP**.
• Close, open, close + 25% Single Shear-Seal Device:
of close for all valves/rams • Close the shear device, lock (if
on WCP/SIL, EDP and lockable).
X/Mas Tree well barrier • Shear object (heaviest
elements and lock (if workstring, Coil Tubing (CT), or
lockable). W/L) against MAWHP**,
• Provide a well bore seal on provide a well bore seal against
all ram/valve preventers MAWHP**.
Subsea against MAWHP.
D • Sufficient pressure to open
CWI Two Shear-Seal Device:
the connector fully as last
• Close shear device, close seal
function.
device, close locks (if lockable).
• Shear object (heaviest
workstring, CT, or W/L) with the
shear device against
MAWHP**, provide a well bore
seal against MAWHP** with the
seal device.
* Omit annular closing requirement for CSRs and BSRs that can centralize all tubulars.
** MAWHP of highest rated sealing preventer above BSR.
For operations use MASP/MAWHP, for design use RWP.
General Shear Ram Requirements
Physical shear testing data shall be used to validate shear ram performance and sealing
capability under atmospheric conditions for actual pipe sizes / weights / material.
Shear testing of casing, tubing and well testing landing strings shall be performed on the
bottom of the test fixture (string cannot fall away).
Shear joints of landing strings for subsea operations shall be spaced out across all shear
rams.
Operations

Blind / Casing / Blind Shear Ram Installation Requirements
The following BR, CSR and BSR requirements shall be met:
2 1 1 1
Ref Operation / Situation
BSR BSR BR CSR
Surface Stacks
A All offshore wells 
B MASP > 10,000 psi 
C MASP > 1,000psi & < 10,000 psi 
D Under Balanced Drilling (UBD) operations 
E Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) operations 
F Mud Cap Drilling (MCD) operations 
G H2S operations 
H Tight reservoirs / wells with no potential to flow to surface 
I Snubbing  
J Hydraulic Workover 
K Wireline only when xmas tree cannot shear the wire 
L Coiled tubing 
Subsea Stacks
M DP Vessels in > 1,000 ft. (305 m) water depth  
DP Vessels in < 1,000 ft. (305 m) water depth with riser
N 
margin
DP Vessels in < 1,000 ft. (305 m) water depth without riser
O  
margin
P Moored installation in > 1,000 ft. (305 m) water depth 
Moored installation in < 1,000 ft. (305 m) water depth with
Q 
riser margin
Moored installation in < 1,000 ft. (305 m) water depth without
R 
riser margin
Seabed Shut-In Device used as a suspension barrier under a
S 
BOP
T Seabed Shut-In Device used as Subsea BOP Follows M to R
Process Safety Basic Requirement 11 takes precedence for deepwater wells

regarding number of shear rams required
Dual shear rams in subsea BOPs shall be sequenced on the dead-man/auto shear (DM/AS)
system and Emergency Disconnect System (EDS) to close the lower shear ram first.
Operations

Shear Ram Capability Requirements
Fit-for-purpose shear rams shall be capable of shearing the following objects:
Surface Subsea
Ref Object CSR
BSR BSR
A Drillpipe   
B Workstring   
C Tubing and Tubing Landing Joint   
Tubing including control lines and submersible
D *** * 
pump lines
E Landing strings 
F Full casing strings < 16 inch 
G Liners 
H Wireline / Electric line* ** * *
* For subsea stacks, either the BSR or CSR can provide this functionality
** Use rig floor remotely operated cutting device when the BSR cannot provide this
functionality
*** Use rig floor operated cutting device to cut the control and subsmersible pump lines
when the BSR cannot provide this additional functionality
BOP Control System Manifold Pressure
The manifold pressure shall be sufficient to provide a wellbore seal against MASP/MAWHP.
The manifold pressure for BOP control systems with Emergency Disconnect System (EDS)
shall be sufficient to unlock the riser connector.
General Choke Manifold Requirements
Choke manifold components shall meet the requirements of API Spec 16C.
Choke manifolds shall have a line bypassing the MGS and routed to a safe venting/flaring
area if wells cannot be shut-in and/or hydrocarbon liquids cannot be stored at surface.
The choke manifold shall have the following valve arrangement, rated to or exceeding MASP:
1) Two valves upstream of each choke
2) Minimum of one valve downstream of each choke
3) Two valves downstream of each choke if flowing to a well test system
4) Two valves in the bleed / bypass line
5) Two valves in the connecting line between stand pipe and cement manifold
Hand valves in the choke and kill manifold systems shall be operable under maximum
differential pressure.
Maximum Allowable Annulus Surface Pressure (MAASP) setting devices shall not be present
on choke manifold controls.
Operations

Subsea BOP Choke Manifold
There shall be a minimum of two kill line and two choke line connections on the subsea BOP
stack.
BOP side outlets shall be fitted with two fail-safe closed valves before connection with the
choke or kill lines.
Diverter Equipment
Diverter equipment shall meet the requirements of API Standard 64.

After closure, diverter systems shall prevent flow to the mud gas separator (MGS), directing it
overboard or off-location.
A diverter system shall be installed and operational on all subsea wells with drilling / flow riser
deployed.
A diverter system shall be installed and operational on all offshore wells with a surface stack
when drilling without BOP protection under the conductor shoe.
A diverter system shall be installed and operational on land wells when either of the following
conditions apply:
1) There is a possibility of losing well control (overbalance) during top hole construction
without BOP protection.
2) The well cannot be shut-in with a BOP stack because the formation below the stove
pipe / conductor or surface string is weak.
Back pressure in the diverter line shall be reduced as much as practicable to avoid fracturing
of the casing/conductor shoe and limit erosion.
The diverter overboard line shall be directed to a safe location.
Workstring Shut-Off Devices
FOSVs used to strip in the hole shall meet the requirements of API SPEC 7-1, Class 2.
FOSVs shall be operable under MASP.
Mud-Gas Separator (MGS)
The MGS shall perform its function at anticipated well discharge rates.
Controls and/or systems shall be in place to avoid unloading the liquid seal on the MGS.
The MGS vent and siphon line shall be as straight as practicable and routed to a safe
location.
The MGS mud discharge line shall be routed to the header box upstream of the shale
shakers where gas detection is present.
The MGS shall have a hot line / fill up system.
Well Control Equipment Tests
For the initial pressure tests, the BOP annular and Variable Bore Ram(s) (VBR) shall be
tested on the largest and smallest workstring used in the well program.
Operations

Subsequent pressure tests of the annular BOP and VBR(s) shall be performed on the
smallest size workstring in use in the hole section and retested if a smaller tubular is picked
up.
Upon latching to a well, following a well hop, all disconnected pressure containing BOP
system connections shall be pressure tested to the MASP / MAWHP and broken hydraulic
connections tested to maximum operating pressure after a full BOP function test.
Stump tests shall be performed at the wellsite.
Stump tests are valid for 30 days, and upon installation all disconnected pressure containing
BOP system connections shall be pressure tested to the MASP / MAWHP and broken
hydraulic connections tested to maximum operating pressure after a full BOP function test.
Operations

Well Control Equipment Test Acceptance Criteria
WCE pressure test acceptance criteria shall be as follows:
Acceptance Criteria
Ref Test Type Pressure Electronic
Chart Recorder
measurement device
• 250 to 350 psi • Stablised pressure for • Temporary and
(1.72 to 2.41 MPa) at least 5 minutes permanent well
without visible leaks equipment: at least 5
• made at not less than minutes
Low
Pressure 25 % and not more • Pressure change ≤
A
than 75 % of the full 5% of the test
(1st test) chart recorder pressure pressure, not
span. exceeding 12.5 psi
(86 kPa)
• No visible leaks
• Temporary well equipment: • Greater or equal to the • Greater or equal to
MASP / MAWHP* required test pressure the required test
• Permanent well equipment • Temporary well pressure
except tubulars – MASP / equipment: Stablised • Temporary well
MAWHP or any pressure pressure for at least 5 equipment: at least 5
lower than MASP / MAWHP minutes without visible minutes
that validates the integrity of leaks • Permanent well
High the well barrier • Permanent well equipment: at least
B Pressure • Tubulars - the allowable test equipment: Stablised 10 minutes
(2nd test) pressure ≤ 90% VME. pressure for at least 10 • Maximum pressure
minutes without visible change ≤ 1%.
*if MASP / MAWHP equals leaks.
• Decreasing trend
RWP, the allowable test • made at not less than (ΔP per time interval
pressure tolerance above RWP 25 % and not more must be decreasing)
shall be 5% of RWP or 500 psi than 75 % of the full
• Change rate ≤ 10 psi
(3.45 MPa) whichever is less. chart recorder pressure
min (70 kPa/min)
span.
• No visible leaks.
Operations

SURFACE WELL CONTROL EQUIPMENT
Surface Well Control Equipment Tests
Pressure tests shall be at the frequency and pressures stated in the below table.
High
Time Low
Ref BOP High Pressure initial Pressure
(days) Pressure
subsequent
MASP, or 70% of
annular RWP, or 70% of RWP
RWP of the wellhead, or MASP
A Annular ≤ 21 250-350 psi
or RWP of the ram whichever is
preventer whichever lowest
is lowest
Every well
B Annular hydraulics + hoses and after n/a Maximum operating pressure
repair
MASP or RWP BOP /
MASP of well
C Ram preventers ≤ 21 250-350 psi RWP WH whichever
phase
is lowest *
Every well
Ram preventer hydraulics +
D and after n/a Maximum operating pressure
hoses
repair
MASP or RWP BOP /
MASP of well
E Blind rams ≤ 21 250-350 psi RWP WH whichever
phase
is lowest *
MASP or RWP BOP /
MASP of well
F Blind Shear Rams ≤ 21 250-350 psi RWP WH whichever
phase
is lowest *
Every well
G BR/BSR hydraulics + hoses and after n/a Maximum operating pressure
repair
MASP or RWP BOP /
MASP of well
H Choke & kill valves ≤ 21 250-350 psi RWP WH whichever
phase
is lowest *
Choke & Kill valve
I ≤ 21 n/a Maximum operating pressure
hydraulics
REF Diverter Time (days) Requirement
Pump water through the diverter system
at low pressure and high rates. Systems
J Diverter BOP Once per well
that offer the functionality must be
pressure tested.
K Diverter hydraulics + hoses Every well and after repair Maximum operating pressure
Pump water through the diverter system
at low pressure and high rates.
L Diverter valves ≤ 21
Systems that offer the functionality must
be pressure tested.
M Diverter control system Every well Maximum operating pressure
N Backup closing system Every well Maximum operating pressure
O Function testing ≤7 Full function test + BU systems
High
Time Low
REF Choke manifold High Pressure initial Pressure
(days) Pressure
subsequent
MASP or RWP BOP /
MASP of well
P Upstream of choke ≤ 21 250-350 psi RWP WH whichever
phase
is lowest *
MASP or RWP BOP /
MASP of well
Q Choke Body ≤ 21 250-350 psi RWP WH whichever
phase
is lowest *
Operations

MASP well
phase or RWP
MASP or RWP of
of valves or
R Downstream of choke ≤ 21 250-350 psi valves or lines
lines
whichever is lowest
whichever is
lowest.
S Choke valve hydraulics ≤ 21 n/a Maximum operating pressure
Function test choke valve
T ≤7 n/a Full function test + BU systems
hydraulics
REF Hydraulic control unit Time (days) Requirement

Control system manifold +
U Every well Max operating pressure.
BOP lines
Max operating pressure. Start 90% Max
Primary pump system start /
V ≤ 21 operating pressure, stop 97-100% Max
stop pressures
operating pressure.
Charge system in 30 / 15 min (1 pump /
W Primary pump capacity Every well
2 pumps)
Secondary pump system Start 85% Max operating pressure. Stop
X ≤ 21
start / stop pressures 95-100% Max operating pressure
Charge system in 30 / 15 min (1 pump /
Y secondary pump capacity Every well
2 pumps)
Z Accumulator drawdown First well, then not
Verify control system performance
exceeding 6 months or
AA Accumulator precharge requirements
after repairs
Accumulator charge
AB Daily 97-100% Max operating pressure
pressure
AC Manifold pressure Daily Verify setting
AD Annular pressure Daily Verify setting
AE Air pressure Daily 75-120 psi
AF Reservoir level Daily Verify level
AG Alarms systems Every well Verify function
Every well, thereafter
AH Primary control station Full function test + BU + UPS systems
every BOP test.
Every well, thereafter
AI Remote control station Full function test + BU + UPS systems
every BOP test.
AJ Function testing ≤7 Full function test, all functions
High
Time Low
REF High Press. mud system High Pressure initial Pressure
(days) Pressure
subsequent
Mud manifold / stand pipe /
AK ≤ 21 250-350 psi 100 % RWP
mud hose(s)
MASP or RWP BOP MASP of well
AL Upper / Lower IBOP ≤ 21 250-350 psi
whichever is lowest * phase
AM Upper / Lower Kelly cock ≤ 21 250-350 psi
High
High Press. cement Time Low
REF High Pressure initial Pressure
system (days) Pressure
subsequent
Cement manifold / stand MASP or RWP BOP MASP of well
AN ≤ 21 250-350 psi
pipe / cement hose(s) whichever is lowest phase
AO Circulation swedges When used 250-350 psi
whichever is lowest ** phase
Casing running wash down MASP or RWP BOP MASP of well
AP When used 250-350 psi
tools whichever is lowest ** phase
AQ Cement heads When used 250-350 psi
High
Time Low
REF Safety valves High Pressure initial Pressure
(days) Pressure
subsequent
AR FOSV ≤ 21 250-350 psi
Operations

AS IBOP ≤ 21 250-350 psi
REF Auxiliary equipment Time (days) Requirement

AT Poorboy / MGS ≤ 21 Check U-tube is free of blockage.
AU Vacuum degasser ≤7 Function test
AV Trip tank + alarms Daily Function test
AW Flow show + alarms Daily Function test
AX Gas sensors + alarms Daily Function test
AY Pit volume totalizer + alarms Daily Function test
High
Annulus Pressure Control Time Low
REF High Pressure initial Pressure
Equipment (days) Pressure
subsequent
1.2 x maximum
MASP of well
AZ Surface equipment ≤ 21 250-350 psi anticipated differential
phase
pressure.
1.2 x maximum
MASP of well
BA RCD ≤ 21 250-350 psi anticipated differential
phase
pressure ***
* For exploration and appraisal wells the equipment to RWP on the stump / installation.
** Pressure tested to RWP before arrival on well site.
*** If test ram or an annular BOP with sufficient capability to hold pressure from above or is not available, the
RCD element will be leak-tested with available wellhead pressure.
Operations

SUBSEA WELL CONTROL EQUIPMENT
General Subsea Well Control Equipment
The maximum differential pressure rating from subsea WCE shall meet or exceed the
MAWHP.
Marine Drilling Riser
Marine drilling riser equipment shall be in conformance with API Spec 16F and API RP 16Q.
Drilling riser joints in Deepwater operations shall have a booster line.
A riser dump valve shall be used when riser collapse risk exists.
Wellhead and LMRP Connector
The LMRP connector lock shall be operated on a dedicated, regulated circuit.

The LMRP connector shall be capable of release up to an angle of at least 10°.
Dead-Man / Auto-Shear System Requirements
DM/AS requirements shall be as per below table:
Dead-Man System
Ref Configuration Auto-Shear System Required?
Required?
Only when no riser margin
A Shallow Water Only when no riser margin exists
Moored Units exists
B Deep Water Yes Yes
C DP Units DM/AS always required
The DM/AS control system shall have instrumentation confirming when the system is armed.
The DM/AS control system shall have instrumentation confirming that the required closing
and sealing pressure is available in the dedicated accumulator bank.
Emergency Disconnect Requirements
DP units shall be equipped with an EDS for drilling operations, and an Emergency
Disconnect Package (EDP) for Well Intervention Vessels.
Acoustic System
The acoustic system shall not affect the capability of the DM/AS.
Operations

ROV Functions
All ROV functions shall be fitted with a locking receptacle designed to accept an API 17H hot
stab.
The following subsea BOP functions shall be operable by ROV:
1) Close shear rams (BSR + CSR)
2) Close one set of pipe rams
3) Lock ram locks (if required)
4) BOP connector unlock (primary + secondary)
5) BOP connector lock
6) BOP connector chemical injection (Deepwater only)
7) BOP accumulator bottles dump (Deepwater only)
8) Wellhead connector pilot-operated check valve cut line (if fitted)
9) Arm/activate DM/AS (if fitted)
10) BOP connector ring gasket release (Deepwater only)
11) Open all ram preventers
The following LMRP functions shall be operable by ROV:
1) LMRP connector unlock (primary + secondary);
2) LMRP connector pilot-operated check valve cut line (if fitted);
3) LMRP connector ring gasket release (Deepwater only);
4) Choke and kill mini connector unlock (if fitted);
5) LMRP stabs retract.
Operations

Subsea Well Control Equipment Tests
Pressure tests shall be at the frequency and pressures stated in below table.
Low High Pressure

Ref BOP Time (days) High Pressure initial
Pressure subsequent
MAWHP, or 70% of
70% of RWP or
annular RWP, or RWP
MAWHP of the
of the wellhead, or
A Annular ≤ 21 250-350 psi well phase
RWP of the ram
whichever is
preventer whichever is
lowest
lowest
Annular hydraulics + Before run
B n/a Maximum operating pressure
hoses subsea
Lowest of MAWHP or
MAWHP of well
C Pipe Ram preventers ≤ 21 250-350 psi RWP BOP / RWP WH
phase
*
Pipe Ram preventer Before run
D n/a Maximum operating pressure
hydraulics + hoses subsea
Lowest of MAWHP or
MAWHP of well
E Blind Shear Rams ≤ 30 250-350 psi RWP BOP / RWP WH
phase
*
Function test only for non-sealing casing
shear rams
F Casing Shear Rams ≤ 30 n/a
Sealing casing shear rams follow BSR
requirements.
BSR/CSR hydraulics Before run
G n/a Maximum operating pressure
+ hoses subsea
Lowest of MAWHP or
MAWHP of well
H LMRP connector ≤ 21 250-350 psi RWP BOP / RWP WH
phase
*
Lowest of MAWHP or
MAWHP of well
I Wellhead connector ≤ 21 250-350 psi RWP BOP / RWP WH
phase
*
Low High Pressure
REF BOP Time (days) High Pressure initial
Pressure subsequent
LMRP and wellhead Before run
J n/a Maximum operating pressure
connector hydraulics subsea
Lowest of MAWHP or
Annular bleed MAWHP of well
K ≤ 21 250-350 psi RWP BOP / RWP WH
valve(s) phase
*
Annular bleed valve Before run
L n/a Maximum operating pressure
hydraulics subsea
Lowest of MAWHP or
MAWHP of well
M Choke & kill valves ≤ 21 250-350 psi RWP BOP / RWP WH
phase
*
Choke & Kill valve Before run
N n/a Maximum operating pressure
hydraulics subsea
REF Diverter Time (days) Requirement
Pump water through the diverter system at
low pressure and high rates. Systems that
O Diverter BOP Every well
offer the functionality must be pressure
tested.
Pump water through the diverter system at
low pressure and high rates. Systems that
P Diverter valves Every well
offer the functionality must be pressure
tested.
Operations

Diverter control
Q Every well Maximum operating pressure
system
Backup closing
R Every well Maximum operating pressure
system
Function test BOP
S ≤7 Full function test + BU systems
and diverter valves
Low High Pressure
REF Choke Manifold Time (days) High Pressure initial
Pressure subsequent
Lowest of MAWHP or
MAWHP of well
T Upstream of choke ≤ 21 250-350 psi RWP BOP / RWP WH
phase
*
Lowest of MAWHP or
MAWHP of well
U Choke Body ≤ 21 250-350 psi RWP BOP / RWP WH
phase
*
MAWHP well
phase or RWP of
Lowest of MAWHP or
V Downstream of choke ≤ 21 250-350 psi valves or lines
RWP of valves or lines
whichever is
lowest.
Choke valve
W ≤ 21 n/a Maximum operating pressure
hydraulics
Function test choke
X ≤7 n/a Full function test + BU systems
valve hydraulics
Hydraulic Control
REF Time (days) Requirement
Unit
Control system
Y Every well Max operating pressure.
manifold + BOP lines
Max operating pressure. Start 90% Max
Primary pump system
Z ≤ 21 operating pressure, stop 97-100% Max
start / stop pressures
operating pressure.
Primary pump Charge system in 30 / 15 min (1 pump / 2
AA Every well
capacity pumps)
Secondary pump
Start 85% Max operating pressure. Stop 95-
AB system start / stop ≤ 21
100% Max operating pressure
pressures
secondary pump Charge system in 30 / 15 min (1 pump / 2
AC Every well
capacity pumps)
Accumulator
AD
drawdown First well, then not exceeding Verify control system performance
Accumulator 6 months or after repairs requirements
AE
precharge
Accumulator charge
AF Daily 97-100% Max operating pressure
pressure
AG Manifold pressure Daily Verify setting
AH Annular pressure Daily Verify setting
AI Air pressure Daily 75-120 psi
AJ Reservoir level Daily Verify level
AK Alarms systems Every well Verify function
Battery voltage,
First well, then not exceeding Replace batteries when recommended by
AL capacity and quality
6 months or after repairs the control system manufacturer
in PODs
Primary control Every well, thereafter every
AM Full function test + BU + UPS systems
station BOP test.
Remote control Every well, thereafter every
AN Full function test + BU + UPS systems
station BOP test.
Function test all functions on alternating

PODs. When the BSR function test exceeds
AO Function testing ≤7
7 days, then on the next opportunity this
function shall be tested on both PODs.
Operations

Acoustic Control
System
Surface Operate assigned functions. Secure well in
AP Before run subsea
communications 90 seconds.
Subsea
AQ ≤ 21 Check if communication system is working.
communications
Subsea function First well, then not exceeding Operate all assigned pipe ram, BSR and
AR
testing 6 months or after repairs CSR (if fitted).
REF Deadman System Time (days) Requirement
AS Surface system test Before run subsea Operate assigned functions
Operate all assigned functions directly after
First well, then not exceeding installation of the BOP on the wellhead.
AT Subsea system test
6 months or after repairs Record CSR, BSR and lock pressures at
the end of the stroke
REF Auto shear System Time (days) Requirement
AU Surface system test Before run subsea Operate assigned functions
Operate all assigned functions directly after
First well, then not exceeding installation of the BOP on the wellhead.
AV Subsea system test
6 months or after repairs Record CSR, BSR and lock pressures at
the end of the stroke
Emergency
Disconnect System
Operate assigned functions and record time
AW Surface system test Before run subsea
to disconnect.
On commissioning, the first
AX Subsea system test well or within 5 years of Record time to disconnect.
previous test
REF Riser Recoil System Time (days) Requirement
Simulated function test on surface which
AY Surface system test Yearly
does not require installation of the BOP.
Test is performed with BOP installed
AZ Subsea system test At rig acceptance
subsea.
ROV Intervention
system
BA Surface system test Before run subsea All ROV functions
Close pipe ram or BSR + lock. Record
BB Subsea system test Every well
time/volumes.
High Press. mud Low High Pressure
REF Time (days) High Pressure initial
system Pressure subsequent
Mud manifold / stand
BC ≤ 21 250-350 psi 100 % RWP
pipe / mud hose(s)
Lowest of MAWHP or
MAWHP of well
BD Upper / Lower IBOP ≤ 21 250-350 psi RWP BOP / RWP WH
phase
*
Lowest of MAWHP or
Upper / Lower Kelly MAWHP of well
BE ≤ 21 250-350 psi RWP BOP / RWP WH
cock phase
*
High Press. Cmt Low High Pressure
system Pressure subsequent
Cement manifold /
MAWHP or RWP BOP MAWHP of well
BF stand pipe / cement ≤ 21 250-350 psi
whichever is lowest phase
hose(s)
BG Circulation swedges When used 250-350 psi
Casing running wash MAWHP or RWP BOP MAWHP of well
BH When used 250-350 psi
down tools whichever is lowest ** phase
BI Cement heads When used 250-350 psi
Low High Pressure
REF Safety valves Time (days) High Pressure initial
Pressure subsequent
Operations

BJ FOSV ≤ 21 250-350 psi
BK IBOP ≤ 21 250-350 psi
Low High Pressure
REF Auxiliary equipment Time (days) High Pressure initial
Pressure subsequent
BL Poorboy / MGS ≤ 21 n/a Check U-tube is free of blockage.
BM Vacuum degasser Weekly n/a Function test
BN Trip tank + alarms Daily n/a Function test
BO Flow show + alarms Daily n/a Function test
Gas sensors +
BP Daily n/a Function test
alarms
Pit volume totalizer +
BQ Daily n/a Function test
alarms
Annulus Pressure Low High Pressure
Control Equipment Pressure subsequent
1.2 x max anticipated MASP of well
BR Surface equipment ≤ 21 250-350 psi
differential pressure. phase
1.2 x max anticipated

MASP of well
BS RCD ≤ 21 250-350 psi differential pressure
phase
***
* For exploration and appraisal wells the equipment to RWP on the stump / installation.
** Pressure tested to RWP before arrival on well site.
*** If test ram or an annular BOP with sufficient capability to hold pressure from above or is not available, the
RCD element will be leak-tested with available wellhead pressure.
Operations

CWI OPERATIONS
Completions Operations
Pipe rams shall be installed when the MASP exceeds the RWP of the annular preventer for
the tubing size deployed.
General Wireline Requirements
A remote controlled shear and seal device shall be used for wireline interventions on wells
with potential to flow to surface.
When using an independent shear and seal device, flanged connections shall be used
between the Christmas tree and the shear and seal device.
A remote operated wireline BOP shall be used for wireline interventions on wells with
potential to flow to surface.
Stuffing box seal (s) shall be remote controlled.
Manual ram and / or ram locking devices of surface BOPs shall be safely operable.
For wireline operations through a workstring, a full-bore valve shall be placed under the
wireline BOP and the pump-in tee.
A well kill connection shall be available under the wireline BOP sealing ram.
A ball check valve shall be installed under the stuffing box seal.
Slickline Requirements
Slickline BOPs shall have a minimum of two ram preventers below the stripping system.
Electric / Braided Line Requirements
Electric / braided line BOPs shall have a minimum of three ram preventers below the
stripping system.
Shooting Nipple Requirements
A shooting nipple/lubricator assembly shall be sealed with a pipe / casing ram above the BR
or BSR.
A shooting nipple/lubricator assembly shall be secured so that it cannot obstruct the function
from the BR / BSR or be ejected out of the primary WCE.
Sucker Rod Well Control Equipment Requirements
Sucker rod BOPs shall be installed below the stripping system.
Snubbing/Hydraulic Workover Units Requirements
There shall be a minimum of two preventers below the stripping system capable of sealing on
the pipe and open hole.
Operations

There shall be a minimum of one non-return valve in the string, and one workstring shut-off
device at surface.
Coiled Tubing (CT) Intervention Requirements
API RP 16ST shall apply for the following:

1) Well Control Stack Configuration [Sec 4.2.6]
2) Coil Tubing String and Connectors [Sec 5]
3) Downhole Flow check devices (Non-return valves) [Sec 6.3]
4) Choke Manifold and Choke Lines [Sec 8]
5) Kill Lines [Sec 9]
6) Pump Lines [Sec 10]
7) Coil Tubing Surface Equipment [Sec 11]
The shear seal device for thru-BOP/drilling riser intervention coiled tubing operations shall be
positioned in the subsea BOP.
During Coiled Tubing operations there shall be a minimum of two non-return valves integral
to the workstring.
Stimulation Operation Requirements
A check valve shall be installed on each main treating line between the pumping equipment
and wellhead.
A remotely-controlled shut-in device shall be in place on the wellhead stackup with capability
to isolate the well.
Subsea Well Intervention System Requirements
All subsea well intervention systems involving deployment of pipe, wire, or coil shall be
controlled from the intervention vessel.
Completion and workover riser equipment shall meet the requirements of API RP 17G.
There shall be at least two wellbore sealing devices.
There shall be least one fail-safe close wellbore sealing device for emergency disconnect.
One shear device and one fail-safe seal device shall be available in the Well Control Package
(WCP) and / or subsea Christmas tree for subsea wireline and coil tubing operations.
Subsea Christmas tree valves used as shearing device shall be qualified for shearing the
wire and subsequently sealing the wellbore.
Open water riserless pumping systems shall use two fail-safe close sealing devices, with a
minimum of one device operated from the intervention vessel.
When operated from DP units, shear and seal devices shall be sequenced to shear first then
seal.
The WCP used on DP units shall have DM/AS capability.
The WCP shall provide the following response sequences:
1) Process shutdown (PSD);
Operations

2) Emergency disconnect sequence (EDS);
3) Emergency quick disconnect (EQD);
4) Emergency shutdown (ESD).
The LWRP rams/valves and EDP connector in an open water intervention riser system shall
be ROV operable.
ROV used for control of the WCP shall meet the following requirements:
1) ROV unit is manned throughout the well intervention operation;
2) ROV Tether Management System is deployed to depth and ROV is powered up;
3) ROV system is connected to the emergency generator;
4) ROV system is fully functional;
5) ROV provides sufficient power (fluid and pressure) to meet the function operating
times.
6) ROV must have sufficient control fluid volume to close all barriers and operate all
EDS/EQD functions.
Control system response sequences listed below, shall be defined as per API RP 17G:
1) PSD
2) EDS
3) EQD
4) ESD
Control systems shall prevent unintentional activation of the hydraulic connectors for the
WCP, EDP, Subsea Test Tree (SSTT), and tubing hanger running tool unlatch function.
Open water riser annulus circulating line(s) and riserless fluid conduits shall be capable of
isolation from the WCP by two valves.
The completion work-over riser or landing string shall terminate in a surface well control
device.
Subsea Test Tree Assembly
SSTT and Drilling BOP control systems shall be operated such that the EDS and EQD can
be implemented within required response times as per API SPEC 16D.
SSTT shall have shear and seal capability when deploying wire or CT.
SSTT isolation valves shall be fail-safe close.
The SSTT valves shall have pump through capability for well killing when closed and reseat
upon pressure equalisation.
If chemical injection is a requirement, the SSTT shall have the chemical injection line located
between the two sealing devices.
Subsea Intervention Lubricator Assembly
The subsea intervention lubricator (SIL) system pressure control head shall be capable of
remote adjustment to maintain the seal.
The SIL shall have chemical injection capability for hydrate control.
Operations

The shear seal device in the SIL shall be the primary wire cutting device.
There shall be surface valve on the open water fluid conduit.
CWI Well Control Equipment Tests
Pressure tests shall be at the frequency and pressures stated in below table.
High
Wireline / E- Low High Pressure
Ref Frequency Pressure
Line PCE Pressure subsequent
initial
Before leaving the shop, MASP or
Grease
A after repairs, before 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MASP
injection head
operations on location. RWP-WH*
Grease Before leaving the shop, MASP or
B injection after repairs, before 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MASP
system. operations on location. RWP-WH*
C Stuffing box after repairs, before 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MASP
D Lubricator after repairs, before 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MASP
Shear valve or Before leaving the shop, MASP or
E UMV/SWAB + after repairs, before 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MASP
Hydr actuator. operations on location. RWP-WH*
Shear valve or Before leaving the shop, MASP or
F UMV control after repairs, before 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MASP
system operations on location. RWP-WH*
G BOP rams after repairs, before 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MASP
BOP + control Before operations, <21 days
H Operating pressure for the BOP
system or after repair.
Accumulator
Every well not exceeding 6
precharge
months or when repairs to
I pressure Verify control system performance requirements
the to the accumulator
(drawdown
system have been made.
test)
MASP or
Every time used or
J Shooting nipple 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MASP
redressed.
RWP-WH*
WCE control
Before operations, every 7
K system function Full function test, all functions.
days or after repair.
testing
High
Stimulation Low High Pressure
REF Frequency Pressure
operations Pressure subsequent
initial
Every time before leaving
MASP or
Pressurised the shop, after repairs,
L 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MASP
pipe work before operations on
RWP-WH*
location, <21 days.
Every time before leaving
High pressure the shop, after repairs,
M 250-350 psi MASP
pump before operations on
location, <21 days.
High
Coiled tubing Low High Pressure
PCE Pressure subsequent
initial
MASP or
Before operations, <21 days
N Pipe / slip rams 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MASP
or after repair
RWP-WH*
Operations

MASP or
Shear seal Before operations, <21 days
O 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MASP
rams or after repair
RWP-WH*
MASP or
Before operations, <21 days
P Stuffing box 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MASP
or after repair
RWP-WH*
MASP or
CT back
Q Bench test 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MASP
pressure valves
RWP-WH*
Before leaving the shop,
Pressurised after repairs, before
R 250-350 psi MASP
pipe work operations on location,
every <21 days.
High pressure after repairs, before
S 250-350 psi MASP
pump operations on location,
every <21 days.
MASP or
Lubricator + after repairs, before
T 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MASP
stripper operations on location,
RWP-WH*
every break of connection.
CT Hydraulic
REF control Frequency Requirement
system
Before start of operations on
U Function test a well and every 7 days Full function test
thereafter.
Every well not exceeding 6
Accumulator pre-
months or when repairs to
V charge pressure Verify pre-charge
(drawdown test) the to the accumulator
system have been made.
Accumulator
W charge Daily 97-100% of operating pressure
pressure
System
X manifold Daily Verify setting
pressure
System air
Y Daily 75-120 psi
pressure
System
Z Daily Verify level
reservoir level
AA Alarm systems Every well Verify function
AB Primary station Every well Full function test + back-up (UPS systems)
High
Low High Pressure
REF Well testing Frequency Pressure
Pressure subsequent
initial
Emergency
Every well, before first flow
AC Shut down Full function test, all control stations
and after repair
System (EDS)
MASP or
Surface test after repair, before
AD 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MASP
tree operations on location, first
RWP-WH*
opportunity <21 days
MASP or
High pressure after repair, before
AE 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MAWHP
riser operations on location, first
RWP-WH*
MASP or
Subsea test after repair, before
AF 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MASP
tree operations on location, first
RWP-WH*
Subsea test
Every well, before first flow
AG tree controls Full function test, all control stations
and after repair
(subsea ESD)
Operations

Surface well
MASP or
test equipment Every well, before first flow
AH 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MASP
downstream of and after repair
RWP-WH*
choke
High
Low High Pressure
REF Well testing Frequency Pressure
Pressure subsequent
initial
Surface well
MASP or
test equipment Every well, before first flow
AI 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MASP
upstream of and after repair
RWP-WH*
choke
AJ Compressors Daily Check for leaks
Start up and after
AK Function testing Full function test, all stations.
configuration change
High
EDP / LRP Low High Pressure
BOP Pressure subsequent
initial
MASP or
BOP rams / Before operations, <21 days
AL 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MAWHP
valves or after repair
RWP-WH*
MASP or
High pressure Before operations, <21 days
AM 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MAWHP
riser or after repair
RWP-WH*
EDP / LRP /
SIL Hydraulic
REF Frequency Requirement
control
system
Before start of operations
AN Function test on a well and after every Full function test
repair
Accumulator
pre-charge Before start of operations
AO pressure on a well and after every Verify pre-charge
(drawdown repair
test)
Accumulator
AP charge Daily 97-100% of operating pressure
pressure
System
AQ manifold Daily Verify setting
pressure
System air
AR Daily 75-120 psi
pressure
System
AS Daily Verify level
reservoir level
AT Alarm systems Daily Verify function
Every well, thereafter every
AU Primary station Full function test + BU + UPS systems
BOP test
Remote control Every well, thereafter every
AV Full function test + BU + UPS systems
station BOP test
Emergency
REF Disconnect Frequency Requirement
System
Surface system Operate all assigned components prior to
AW Before running PCE subsea
test deployment and record time to disconnect.
ROV
REF Frequency Requirement
intervention
AX Function test In shop or on operating unit Interface ROV tooling to the functions
High
Low High Pressure
REF SIL Frequency Pressure
Pressure subsequent
initial
Operations

MASP or
BOP ram / Before operations, <21 days
AY 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MAWHP
valves or after repair
RWP-WH*
Surface / MASP or
Before operations or after
AZ subsea grease 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MAWHP
every installation
injection head RWP-WH*
Surface /
MASP or
subsea grease Before operations or after
BA 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MAWHP
injection every installation
RWP-WH*
system
Surface / MASP or
BB subsea stuffing 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MAWHP
every installation
box RWP-WH*
Surface / MASP or
BC subsea 250-350 psi RWP-PCE / MAWHP
every installation
lubricator RWP-WH*
High
High Pressure
REF Safety valves Time (days) Low Pressure Pressure
subsequent
initial
MASP or
RWP BOP MASP of well
BD FOSV ≤ 21 250-350 psi
whichever phase
is lowest *
MASP or
RWP BOP MASP of well
BE IBOP ≤ 21 250-350 psi
whichever phase
is lowest *
* Pressure Control Equipment (PCE) must be pressure tested in the workshop to RWP before installation
Operations

SPECIAL TOPICS
Annulus Pressure Control Techniques (MPD / UBD / MCD / DGD / PRD / CML)
The rotating control device (RCD) shall meet the requirements of API Spec 16 RCD.
The RCD shall be used in combination with a BOP stack that includes an annular preventer.
At least one workstring deployed non-return valve shall be placed as close to the string end
as practical.
The maximum operating pressure of RCDs shall be limited to the dynamic stripping pressure
rating of the element compound as qualified under API SPEC 16 RCD.
A dedicated control system and choke manifold shall be used for UBD and MPD operations.
Seabed Shut-In Device
The seabed Shut-In Device shall:

1) Meet the control system performance requirements for pipe shearing and the ram
closing pressure of the subsea BOP
2) Have the same response time requirements as a subsea BOP
3) Have a surface and emergency back-up control system.
4) Have ROV intervention capabilities in conformance with subsea BOPs
5) Have a well kill connection to the wellbore (or annulus) below the lower sealing ram
6) Provide two connector profiles for connection of circulating hoses by ROV
7) Meet the ESD and DM/AS requirements of subsea BOPs
8) Be pressure and function tested according to the requirements of Subsea BOPs
Operations

WELL CONTROL CONTINGENCY PLAN
General
An approved Well Control Contingency Plan (WCCP) SHALL[WELLS] be in place prior to

commencement of wells operations
The WCCP shall include the following:
All Wells/Operations
1.) Agreements/contracts with at least two specialised blowout contractors;
2.) Contact lists;
3.) Personnel roles and responsibilities;
4.) Chain of command;
5.) Description of linkage(s) with other Emergency Response Plans (ERP);
6.) Level 1 Well Control Incident response procedure;
7.) Relief well plan.
Well/Operations Specific:
1.) Emergency response plans including:
a. Surface wells capping plan
b. Subsea wells capping (shut-off) and containment (collection) plans.
It is impractical to collect hydrocarbons outside of the range API Gravity 20-50.

In the event of a level 2 or level 1 well control incident, the Principle Technical Expert (PTE)
Well Control shall be consulted and will activate the Well Control Virtual Emergency
Response Team.
Well Control Contingency Plan Assurance
The effectiveness of WCCPs shall be tested at least once a year at a country level.
Operations

REFERENCES
Unless specifically designated by date, the latest edition of each publication should be used,
together with any amendments/supplements/revisions thereto.
Standards external to wells including DEPs and most industry standards are available here to
Shell users on the Shell Wide Web (SWW).
The following references include provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this manual. Latest issue of the references shall be used unless otherwise agreed.
Other recognized standards may be used provided they meet or exceed the requirements of the
standards referenced in below table.
API
Title Reference
Blowout Prevention Equipment Systems for Drilling Wells API STD 53
Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through API STD 16AR
Equipment
Specification for Control Systems for Drilling Well Control API SPEC 16D
Equipment and Control Systems for Diverter Equipment
Specification for Drill-through Equipment API SPEC 16A
Specification for Marine Drilling Riser Equipment API SPEC 16F
Design, Selection, Operation, and Maintenance of Marine API RP 16Q
Drilling Riser Systems
Recommended Practice for Classification of Locations for API RP 500
Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified
as Class I, Division 1 and Division 2.
Coiled Tubing Well Control Equipment Systems API RP 16ST
Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers API RP 17G
Specification for Rotating Control Devices. API SPEC 16 RCD
Choke and Kill Equipment. API SPEC 16C
Diverter Equipment Systems. API STD 64
Recommended Practice for Classification of Locations for API RP 505
Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified
as Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2
Specification for Rotary Drill Stem Elements API SPEC 7-1
ANSI/NACE/ISO
Title Reference
Petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries — ISO 15156 All Parts / NACE
Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil MR0175
and gas production
IOGP
Title Reference
Recommendations for enhancements to well control IOGP report 476
training, examination and certification.
Operations


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WELLS PUBLICATION

PRESSURE CONTROL MANUAL FOR DRILLING,

Custodian PTE Well Control

This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

Wells Manual WS 38.80.31.32-Gen. Page 2 of 44

This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

Wells Manual WS 38.80.31.32-Gen. Page 3 of 44

This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

Pressure Control Guide

Wells Manual WS 38.80.31.32-Gen. Page 4 of 44

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General Term Definition

Wells Manual WS 38.80.31.32-Gen. Page 5 of 44

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Wells Manual WS 38.80.31.32-Gen. Page 6 of 44

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With Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling (PMCD) fluid is

Wells Manual WS 38.80.31.32-Gen. Page 7 of 44

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Wells Manual WS 38.80.31.32-Gen. Page 8 of 44

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Wells Manual WS 38.80.31.32-Gen. Page 9 of 44

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The following acronyms are used within this manual:

Wells Manual WS 38.80.31.32-Gen. Page 10 of 44

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Summary of Main Changes

Main Non-Editorial Changes

Wells Manual WS 38.80.31.32-Gen. Page 11 of 44

This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

1) Onshore wells with no potential to flow to surface

2.2 Wells operations SHALL[WELLS] be executed in conformance with an approved Well

Wells Manual WS 38.80.31.32-Gen. Page 12 of 44

This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

Well Control Training and Assessment

Ref Company Staff Ref Consultant

Well Control Equipment Certification

Wells Manual WS 38.80.31.32-Gen. Page 13 of 44

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The following number of barriers SHALL[WELLS] be in place:

1) Onshore wells with no potential to flow to surface

Wells Manual WS 38.80.31.32-Gen. Page 14 of 44

This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

Well Control Plan

Wells operations SHALL[WELLS] be executed in conformance with an approved Well

These are minimum requirements, individual projects may include additional

Ref Well Control Plan section Wells Operations

Ref Well Control Plan section

L Fluid monitoring equipment         

Wells Manual WS 38.80.31.32-Gen. Page 15 of 44

This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

Q Kick detection and well barrier monitoring        

Wells Manual WS 38.80.31.32-Gen. Page 16 of 44

This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

Wells Manual WS 38.80.31.32-Gen. Page 17 of 44

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Side outlet valves on BOPs and wellheads shall be flanged or clamped.

Control System Requirements

Wells Manual WS 38.80.31.32-Gen. Page 18 of 44

This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

The following control system performance requirements shall be met:

Wells Manual WS 38.80.31.32-Gen. Page 19 of 44

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