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Mzia Jamagidze
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
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 mzia jamagiZe

aka morCilaZis `kupidoni kremlis kedelTan“ –

sabWoTa antizRapari

qveynis istoria TavisTavadi saxiT arasdros arsebobs,

Tu is ar rekonstruirda da reprezentirda awmyoSi. Sesa-
bamisad, mniSvnelovania is, Tu rogor vixsenebT an vimaxsov-
rebT warsuls. am procesSi ki mniSvnelovani adgili swored
mwerlobas da literaturul narativebs uWiravs. qarTul
mwerlobaze Tvalis gadevneba dagvanaxebs, rom sabWoTa kav-
Siris mmarTvelobis mier ganxorcielebuli represiebis (an
Tundac zogadad sabWoTa warsulis) mZime istoriebi qar-
Tul mxatvrul literaturaSi farTo asaxvis sagani ar gam-
xdara. swored amitom aka morCilaZis erT-erTi bolo romani
`kupidoni kremlis kedelTan“ (2018) mniSvnelovani teqstia,
radgan swored sabWoTa epoqis Sesaxeb gviyveba, ufro kon-
kretulad, 1930-ian wlebSi ganxorcielebul stalinur rep-
resiebs aRwers. es periodi sabWoTa mmarTvelobis yvelaze
sastiki periodia, ris Sedegadac daixvrita da gadaasaxles
asi aTasobiT adamiani.
safiqrebelia, rom swored represiebis sisastikisa da
travmuli fonis gasaneitraleblad, avtori ambis fokali-
zacias garkveuli droiTi distanciidan axdens. kerZod, me-
oce saukunis 80-ian wlebSi gaxsenebuli ambis formiT gviy-
veba. Sesabamisad, Txroba anaqronulia, gvxvdeba naratoris
subieqturi gadaxvevebi da CanarTebic. amasTanave mwerlis
mier naratoris garkveuli droiTi distancireba moTxro-
bili ambidan, SesaZlebelia, warmoadgendes mwerlis strate-
gias, mkiTxvelebi ufro am istoriisa da zogadad, sabWoTa
warsulis analizisTvis ganawyos, vidre ambis uSualo emoci-
uri gancdisTvis.
daswyisSi teqsts darTuli aqvs avtoris SeniSvna, rom
moTxrobili ambavi `Sedgenili marqsis, engelsisa da leni-
nis sakavSiro institutis Tbilisis filialis biblioTekaSi
43
1987 wels qalTa saerTaSoriso dRis – 8 martisadmi miZR-
vnil sxdomaze valerian seneformagis Ze samxaraZis zepiri
gamosvlis mixedviT“. xolo Tavad ambavi, romelsac igi gvi-
yveba, 1938 wels viTardeba. rogorc Tavad valerian samxa-
raZe aRniSnavs, `amnairi ambebi xmamaRla ar ilaparakeboda
amdeni weliwadi da axla cota perestroika wamogveSvela
mobrZandiT da TqviTo“ (morCilaZe 2018:18). Tanamedrove
samecniero kvlevebSi nacionaluri istoriis analizisTvis
mniSvnelovnad miiCneven politikuri istoriis miRma, aseve,
sazogadoebriv struqturebSi arsebul `fsiqikis mentalu-
ri instrumentebis“ kvlevas, rac gamoxatulia rwmenebisa
da warmodgenebis sistemebiT da sazogadoebis emociebiT,
romelTa saSualebiTac xalxi acnobierebs sakuTar war-
suls da aSinaarsebs samyaros. amgvari mentaluri istoria
sa-Sualebas gvaZlevs Tavidan gavaSinaarsoT sakuTari war-
suli istoria, miTebi da sxvadasxva kulturuli saxe/xatebi
(Confino, Alon. Memory and the History of MmentalitiesinC ultural Memo-
ry Studiesan international and interdisciplinary handbook / edited by Astrid
Erll, Ansgar Nünning.Walter de Gruyter • Berlin • New York, 2008, p.78).
am TvalsazrisiT, romani saintereso masalas iZleva, radgan
masSi Cans gasabWoebis sawyis etapze qarTveli sazogadoebis
cnobierebis formirebis procesi, is adamianebi vinc am axal
politikur formacias da saxelmwifos qmnida, e. w. narati-
uli dro da cnobiereba da aseve, Txrobis procesSi CarTuli
naratoris piradi mosazrebebis warmodgenisas, garkveuli
warmodgena gveqmneba 80-iani wlebis qarTveli sabWoTa moqa-
laqis cnobierebasa da mis mimarTebaze sabWoTa sinamdvili-
sadmi – e.w. diskursul droze.
reprezentaciis mocemuli forma da Tavad romanis struq-
tura zRapris naratiuli struqturis mixedviT aris awyo-
bili. nawarmoebis mTavari moqmedi piria musia erisTavi-
retingeri da moTxrobili ambis ZiriTadi siuJeturi xazi
swored im mometidan iSleba, rodesac is konkretuli misiiT
mSobliur saxls tovebs da miemgzavreba moskovSi stalin-
Tan, raTa sakuTari dapatimrebuli qmari `gamoixsnas soci-
alisturi samSoblos jurRmulidan.“

44
 drois Sesaxeb Tanamedrove kvlevebis Tanaxmad, dro aris
is, Tu rogor aRviqvamT/viazrebT Cvens sakuTar istori-
ulobas, dro aris igive Cveni/sociumis cnobiereba da xSi-
rad aseTi cnobiereba personificirebulia xolme (Hauerwas,
Stanley. Theological / Worldly.in Time: A Vocabulary of the Present. /Ed-
ited by Joel Burges and Amy J. Elias.New York: New York University press,
2016, p. 281-293). Cveni azriT, romanSi mwerali swored amgvar
funqcias akisrebs musias: wamoadginos lokaluri naciona-
luri dro, am drois cnobiereba, romelic amovardnilia da
erTgvard dapirispirebulia globalur socialistur/
bolSevikur drosTan. musia erisTavi-retingeri quTaiseli
advokatis simonika erisTavis qaliSvili gaxldaT, rogorc
mTxrobeli ixsenebs, zogadad, musias ojaxi social-demok-
ratiul moZraobas TanaugrZnobda. marTalia, isini radi-
kaluri azrovnebiT ar gamoirCeodnen, magram grZnobdnen
qveynisTvis cvlilebebis saWiroebas, amitom musias Zma, ko-
koSa erisTavi xSirad ifarebda ruseTis imperiis sxvadasxva
qveynidan devnil social-demokratebs. mamamisic araerTxel
gahyolia veqilad misi Svilis dapatimrebul megobrebs.
garkveuli drois manZilze mis saxls Tavs afarebda aseve
stalini, igive koba juRaSvili, rogorc maSin eZaxdnen. mu-
sia bavSobidanve yofila Tavisufali qceviTa da memarcxene
azrovnebiT gamorCeuli, `sufraJistka da qalis gaTanaswo-
rebisTvis mebrZoli“. pirveli qali iyo, vinc quTaisSi bri-
jebi Caicva, dadioda velosipediT da rogorc mTxrobeli
varaudobs, rom ara ubeduri SemTxveva, rodesac is velosi-
pedidan Camovarda da daimtvra, musia, albaT, evropaSi wavi-
doda ganaTlebis misaRebad, iq warmatebiTac gaTxovdeboda
da icxovrebda mSvidad da bednierad. Tumca am incidentma
misi bedi bolSevik retingers daukavSira, rogorc mTxro-
beli ambobs, `musia retingerma gaabolSevika“. retingeri,
erovnebiT latvieli, im periodSi musias ZmasTan, kokoSa
erisTavTan imaleboda, `maSin imnairi dro iyo, rom iqana Tu
vinme rames daaSavebda, aqana gamorboda da aqana visac hqon-
da Caoxrebuli saqme, imgenisas imaleboda“. musias Seuyvarda
retingeri da marTalia, oficialurad ar daqorwinebulan,

45
magram radgan maTi siyvarulis ambavi sajaro gaxda, ojaxma
moiTxova daqorwinebuliyvnen da ise gamovida, rom ojaxad
CaiTvalnen. rodesac pirveli msofli omis dros retingeri
gadasaxles, is cimbiradin petrogradSi gadavida, rom bol-
Sevikebs daxmareboda, musiamac iq CaakiTxa da rodesac sami
wlis Semdeg saqarTveloc gawiTlda, musia wiTeli droSiT
gamovida da zeimiT Seegeba 25 Tebervals bolSevikebs.
cxadia, qarTuli sazogadoebisTvis `sovietizacia~ axali
drois dadgomas niSnavda- sakuTari nacionaluri warsuli
droiT axal sabWoTa droSi CarTvas. nawarmoebis mixedviT,
vfiqrobT, avtori da mTxrobeli cdiloben imis xazgasmas,
rom musias arCevani, monawileoba mieRo am axali drois Sene-
baSi, gaxldaT zogadhumanuri idealebiTa da Rirebulebe-
biT ganpirobebuli, ufro konkretulad ki misi motivacia
iyo siyvaruli da qalTa socialuri uflebebisTvis brZola.
siyvarulis gamo gaxda igi bolSeviki da memarcxene Rirebu-
lebebisTvis, gansakuTrebiT qalTa uflebebis gamo ibrZoda
mTeli cxovrebis manZilze, Sesabamisad, musiam gasabWoebis
Semdgomac ganagrZo sakuTari saqmianoba: `jer marto rad
Rirda imis mier samzareuloSi Sevardna da qmrebis Sercx-
vena, xolo colebis moTamamebis mcdeloba, rome nu akeTebT
saWmels, nu recxaven WurWels, nu arian mosamsaxureni. mage-
nis ojaxis wevrebizda kido Semarcxveni warwerebi Tfili-
sis duqnebis, rumoCnebisa da Caaixanebis karebebze, ro iqana
marto kacebi ikribebian“ (morCilaZe a. kupidoni kremlis ke-
delTan. Tbilisi, bakur sulakauris gamomcemloba, 2018, gv.
33). dRemde sabWoTa periodis analizisas qarTul sivrceSi,
rogorc wesi, ori dominanturi narativis irgvliv jgufdeba
xolme yvela mosazreba. erTi gaxlavT sabWoTa socialisturi
narativi da meore nacionaluri narativi, romelic sabWoTa
narativis alternativas wamoadgenda. roca 1929-30-iani wle-
bidan musiam guli aiyara bolSevikur ideologiaze, radgan
Tvlida, rom isev burJuaziuli wyobileba myardeboda da
amas daupirispirda, musia am ori dominanturi naratividan
marginalizebul subieqtad iqca, radgan realurad arc erTi
dominantur ideologias ar iziarebda. Sesabamisad, sazoga-

46
doebis orive nawili eWvis TvaliT uyurebda: nacionaluri
ideologiis gamziareblebi miiCnevdnen, rom musias qmede-
bebi amoraluria, radgan misi `qmari xalxs xvrets, magi kido
titvela daxtis burTiT xelSi“. eWvis TvaliT uyurebs, aseve,
partiuli ideologiis mqone sazogadoebac, radgan eWvi aqvT,
rom trockistia.
imisTvis, rom dagvanaxos musia erisTvis mxridan sakuTari
qmrisa da safiqrebelia, sakuTari Tavis gamoxsnis ganzrax-
vis miamitoba da absurduloba, naratori ixsenebs sabWoTa
mmarTvelobis mier 30-ian wlebSi ganxorcielebuli repre-
siebis sastik, daundobel da cinikur faqtebs, rac mmarT-
veli politikuri elitis mier mimarTuli iyo imisken, rom
sazogadoebis cnobiereba sabWoTa dominantur narativSi
moeqciaT imgvarad, rom mudmivad cocxali yofiliyo Si-
Sis gancda gansxvavebuli mosazrebebis gamoTqmis an fiqris
saxiT warmodgenis gamoc ki. amisTvis avtori yveba, Tu ro-
gor gauswordnen sazogadoebis im wevrebsac ki, vinc am axali
drois SenebaSi iRebda aqtiur monawileobas. magaliTad, ro-
gor daapatimres da daxvrites budu mdivani, Tavadac bol-
Seviki da sistemis msaxuri, rogor egona mas, rom stalinTan
Sexvedra mis sicocxles gadaarCenda, rogor dauyviria cixe-
Si msxdomi sxva bolSvikebisTvis: `velaparake sosos da xval
gavdivar aqedan da im nabviWvar beriasac mivxedavTo,“ rogor
dasajes amis gamo da jer yvela ojaxis wevri amouwyvites
da mxolod mas mere daxvrites, rac saTiTaod Seatyobines
maTi sikvdilis ambavi. es is periodi iyo, roca beria eJovis
moadgiled gadavida da mogvianebiT Tavad eJovic daxvrita,
rogorc usamarTlod damWeri da damxvreti. axla igi bela-
dis brZanebiT TviTon iWrs da xvrets im xalxs, romlebic
usamarTlo daWra-daxvretaSi monawileobdnen.
retingeri rom safrTxis qveS iyo, jer kidev maSin igrZno-
boda, roca 30-ini wlebis represiebis dros samtrestSi da-
niSnes Rvinisa da yurZnis warmoebaSi, rac, rogorc avtori
yveba, cudi niSani iyo, radgan visi moSorebac undodaT, maT
jer msgavs Tanamdebobaze niSnavdnen, Semdeg ki xvretdnen.
retingeri ufro trockistad moiazreboda, Tumca, radgan

47
bolSevikur reJims aranaklebi samsaxuri gauwia (rogorc am-
boben, daundobel jalaTis saxeli hqonda e. w `xalxis mtre-
bis“ mimarT), roca 1937 wlis represiebma Caiara, safiqrebeli
iyo, rom gadarCa. Tumca swored maSin, 1938 wlis erT dRes
daapatimres, moulodnelad waiyvanes samsaxuridan.
klasikur zRaprebSi zRapris gmirebi jadosnur unarebsa
da Zalebs iyeneben miznis misaRwevad. nawarmoebSi musias-
Tvis amgvari jadosnuri iaraRi adamianuri gancdebia, ara,
vTqvaT. is garemoeba, rom is da sabWoTa kavSiris xelmZR-
vaneli erTi partiuli politikuri ideologiis matareble-
bi iyvnen da TiTqos saerTo RirebulebebisaTvis ibrZodnen,
aramed wmindad adamianuri emociebi, rac maTma urTierTo-
bam datova qalis mexsierebaSi – axalgazrduli siyvarulis
gancdis xsovna, rac musiasa da axalgazrda stalins So-
ris gaCeniliyo jer kidev maSin, roca stalini maT ojaxSi
imaleboda.
obieqturad, warsuls WeSmaritebis Rirebulebas sZens
ara mxolod is, ra gvaxsovs, Tundac faqtebisa, TariRebis an
movlenebis saxiT, aramed isic, Tu rogor gvaxsovs es ambebi.
warsulis xsovnisa da moazrebis xarisxi da mniSvnelobaa
swored arsebiTi istoriaSi. musias rwmeniT, am gancdebis
xsovna cocxali unda yofiliyo stalinSi, Sesabamisad, ga-
darCenis imedsac es aZlevda. konkretulad ki, am gancdis
gamoyeneba musiam Semdegi gziT scada: moskovisken mimaval-
ma gzad Semdegi Sinaarsis depeSa miswera stalins `Zvirfa-
so soso, Sevagrove `saterdi ivning postis“ yvela nomeri
da amovarCie citata: `magram mas gansakuTrebiT uyvarda
zafxulis SuaRamis lacicSi sirbili da tyis moguduli
mTvlemare xmaurobis smena da niSnebisa da xmebis kiTxva,
iseve rogorc adamians ZaluZs wignis kiTxva da idumalis
Zebna. Camovdivar 17-Si. rodis mimiReb? gkocni, Seni musia
mariam erisTavi“. mogvianebiT ki meore depeSac daurTo,
`Zvirfaso soso, gamaxsenda sxva citata imave nomridan:
siyvaruli, namdvili vnebiT savse siyvaruli misi iyo pir-
velad. Camovdivar 17-Si, rodis mimiReb? gkocni, Seni musia
mariam erisTavi“ (ibid). rogorc naratori gangvimartavs,

48
musias werilis SinaarsSi mTeli misi Sinagani samyaro Canda.
`misi mimarTva saxeliT `soso.“ stalins aravin eZaxda Zalian
axlo megobrebis, dedis, pirveli colis Zmis, saerTod,
qarTvelebis garda. amdenad musias mimarTva iyo ara mxo-
lod qarTuli daZaxeba, aramed daZaxeba warsulidan, sxva
Sinauruli warsulidan. swored am mimarTvidan iwyeba mu-
sias Wkua da misi Sinagani samyaro“, meore sakiTxi iyo, ras
etyoda TviTon stalins SeRweuli telegrama. naratoris
mosazrebiT, `bevris ramis Tqma SeeZlo da ara marto etyoda,
aramed gaaxsenebda bevrs da moaxdenda kido amaze metsac.
wesiT im stalinis gulSi, romelsac musia odesRac icnob-
da, depeSa Searxevda erTgvar simebs, Zlier simebs, ukvdavs
albaT, musias azriT“...
zogadad, me-18-me-19 saukuneebSi evropaSi zRaprebs kreb-
dnen swored im mizniT, rom identificireba ecadaT da ga-
eanalizebinaT nacionaluri warmodgenebi, warmosaxvebi,
zogadad, dakvirveba moexdinaT nacionaluri cnobierebis
formebze. mocemuli romaniT, Cveni azriT, avtors surs,
gviCvenos musias, rogorc qarTveli qalis cnobiereba, ro-
melic sakuTari rwmenisa da warmodgenebis mixedviT cdi-
lobs sastik politikur drosTan gamklavebas. Tumca musias
cxovrebis mixedviT cxadi xdeba, rom 30-iani wlebis sastiki
represiebis periodSic ki, musiasnairTa protestis miuxe-
davad, sabWoTa drois/cnobirebis gareSe cxovreba, faqtob-
rivad, SeuZlebelia. amdenad, sazogadoebis is nawili, ro-
melic sakuTari gulwrfeli rwmena-warmodgenebis gamo, ar
emorCileba sabWoTa politikuri drois kanons, realobas-
Tan kavSirs kargavs da ararealur, erTgvar zRaprul droSi
eqceva.
romanSi musias jadosnuri zRapris mTavari gmiris fun-
qcia aqvs miniWebuli. man siyvarulis xsovnis ZaliT unda
gardaqmnas antigmiri – am SemTxvevaSi stalini, rac erTgvar
utopiur survilad Cans. rogorc mTxrobeli ganmartavs,
`musia mainc iyo mecxramete saukunis bovSi. jeroda Tavga-
dasvlis, idumalobis, Zafebis uwyvetobis Rirsebis dauvi-
wyarobis. Tavis qrolviTa da ideebiT mgonia vozdameerTe

49
saukunesac ki uweva da meiTxovda da iRwvoda, rac amfer aRa-
rvis mouTxovia da uRvawia Cvens qveyanaSi. mara mTeli arse-
biT iyo me-19 saukunis qali da jeroda imferis, raferic jer
CvenTan ar Cans da mwared sasaciloa ukve msoflioSi Sesa-
bamisad, araferi maqidan, rac man dagegma, ar iyo gamosadegi,
Tumca didi WkuiT da gonebiT qe iyo daplanuli~ (morCilaZe
a. kupidoni kremlis kedelTan. Tbilisi, bakur sulakauris
gamomcemloba, 2018, gv. 300).
avtori, Txrobis meSveobiT, ori cnobierebis – qarTuli
cnobierebisa da msoflaRqmis sabWoTa sovietizebuli ada-
mianis cnobierebasTan – Sepirispirebas axdens. marTalia,
musias ganzraxva da mcdeloba gaxlavT gaeqces sabWoTa to-
talitarul politikur dros an moabrunos is sxva naciona-
lur droSi, gardaqmnas nacionaluri droiT da amisTvis is
adamianur axalgazrdul gulwrfel gancdebs iyenebs iara-
Rad, magram, rac gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania musias gu-
lis siRrmeSi ar sjera, rom stalinze misi mcdelobebi raime
pozitiur zegavlenas moaxdens. swored amaSi mdgomareobs
misi ganzraxvis, erTi mxriv, avanturistuli Sinaarsi da amave
dros, absurdulobac, radgan stalinSi igi ufro mters xe-
davs, vidre moyvares. naratori musias qmedebas Semdegnairad
xsnis: `me maq Cemi Sexeduleba, rome musias yovelive Wkvinur
moqmedebas warmarTavda ara imis azrovneba da mizezSede-
gobrobis daskvnebi, aramed sxva ramdenime momenti, romelic
mis xasiaTSi unda veZeboT. savaraudoa, rome roca retingeri
daiWires, mas alaparakebdnen rome yoveli mavnebloba da
xalxis mteroba, rasac igi eweoda, gandobili hqonda naTesa-
vebze, colsa da Svilze. egi Tavidan euxerxulebodaT. ala-
parakebdnen im pirobiT, rom ojaxs ar SevexebiTo da mere
ojaxis wevrebis daWera-daxvretaSic iolad gaiwafen. xoda,
axla musiamar icoda magi? magis meti ra icoda, xoda, musias
mocda ar SeeZlo. ar miaCnda, rom wamebiT sikvdili gmirobaa.
brZolaSi miaCnda, vici zustad. moqmedebis sulma, protes-
tis sulma mag ieris brZola aarCevina, Tu mainc melis xifa-
Ti, Cemi wesebiT Semomxvdes. pirdapir mxecs Seuxte bunagSi

50
daiqana moxdes mosaxdenio. erTia Tavganwiruloba da meore
– avantura“.
zRapris naratiuli struqturis msgavsad, musias am gambe-
davi da avanturistuli (zogisTvis suleluri) wamowyebis
ganxorcielebaSi exmarebian e. w `Semwe“ personaJebic. erT-
erTi gaxlavT nina prokofievna – filipe maxaraZis qvrivi,
visi daxmarebiTac musia saerTaSoriso matareblis bileTs
iSovis. xolo matarebelSi mis `Semweebad“ gamoCndebian kam-
brigi fralovi da Salva maWavariani, aseve musias Tanam-
gzavri menzeri da vinme qiqava (rogorc mogvianebiT gairkva
igive Salva wereTeli, mTxrobelis TqmiT, erT-erTi wevri
e.w. `troikisa“). musias ar gasWirvebia amocnoba, rom matare-
belSi sistemis mier masze miCenili xalxi uTvalTvalebda,
mas eWvi hqonda, rom nina prokofievnam daasmina adgilobrv
organoebTan da misi ganzraxvis Sesaxeb uambo. ubralod ver
amoecno maTi mizani, ra surdaT maT, rom mieRwia moskovSi
stalinamde, Tu gzaSive moeSorebinaT; amdenad, teqstis fi-
nalamde bundovania, am personaJebs realurad gmiris `Sem-
wis“ funqcia akisriaT teqstSi Tu e. w `mavnis~. mkiTxvelis
molodins amZafrebs is faqtic, rom avtori siuJetSi mou-
lodnelad sergei eizenSteins Semoiyvans. eizenSteins figu-
raluri saxe/simbolos funqcia akisria. misi moulodnelad
matarebelSi amosvla, vfiqrobT, mwerlis mier gamiznuli
xerxia, saimisod, rom ambis bolomde mkiTxvelebSi optimis-
turi ganwyoba SenarCundes. eizenSteinis mier kinematogra-
fiaSi gamoyenebuli montaJis principi – montaJis meSveobiT
ekranze, adamianis azrovnebis procesis gacocxleba da ori
kadris Sejaxebis Sedegad axali Sinaarsisa da saxeebis war-
moqmnis SesaZlebloba – mkiTxvels molodins umZafrebs,
radgan swored amgvari funqcia aqvs musiasac – gardaqmnas
dro/cnobireba. amdenad, mkiTxvels uCndeba molodini, rom
SesaZlebelia, musias ambavi klasikuri jadosnuri zRapris
struqturaSi moTavsdes da musias Zalisxmevam garkveuli
Sedegi moitanos – Tvisobrivad gardaiqmnas antagonisti
personaJi. Tumca mogvianebiT, rodesac eizenSteins nervu-
li Seteva daewyeba mxolod imis gamo, rom musiam fralovs sa-

51
kuTari Tavi raisa vasilievnad warudgna, eizenSteini sTxovs
Tavis meuRles, daasminos is Sinsaxkomis warmomadgenelTan.
eizenSteins eSinia xelisuflebis, radgan misi filmi `beJa-
nis mdelo“ xelisuflebam daiwuna, marTalia, mogvianebiT
misi `aleqsandre neveli“ stalins moewona, da wesiT, mis si-
cocxles safrTxe ar emuqreboda, magram stalinis mowoneba
mainc ar azRvevda arafrisgan. mTxrobeli SeniSnavs: `ra ga-
sakviria wvaleba sabWoTa xelovanisa, Tan sabWoTa xar Tan
mainc cxviriT miwas gaTxrevineben“ (morCilaZe a. kupidoni
kremlis kedelTan. Tbilisi, bakur sulakauris gamomcemlo-
ba, 2018, gv.175). amgvari detalebis aqcentirebiT, vfiqrobT,
mwerali sabWoTa sistemis realur sastik/cinikur mxares
aaSkaravebs, da albaT, arapirdapir mianiSnebs imasac, rom
musias mcdeloba, Tvisobrivad gardaqmnas politikuri dros
talinTan Sexvedris Sedegad, marcxisTvis aris ganwiruli.
Tumca miuxedavad amisa, teqstis finalamde mkiTxvelisTvis
siuJetis ganviTarebis orive scenari – rogorc jadosnuri
zRapris, aseve antizRaprisa Tanabrad mosalodnelia.
iseve, rogorc klasikur zRaparSi, musias ramdenime ar-
Cevanis winaSe ayenebs mwerali: moulodnelad Secvalos
gegmebi da matereblidan gahyves fralovs orenburgSi; an
Salva maWavarianis SeTavazeba miiRos da erTad wavidnen
odesaSi. Salva maWavarianma logikurad gaTvala movlenebis
ganviTarebis SesaZlo scenari, rodesac matarebelSi Salva
wereTels Sexvda. mixvda, rom musias, SesaZloa, moskovamde
CaeRwia, magram ukan namdvilad ver dabrundeboda; `Seni
qerqetobis weliwadi Cavlilia. eikrZala eg qerqetoba kai
xania. arafrisdidebiT Seni iqine wasvla ar SeiZleba. ver
gamoxval iqidan...unda dabrunde matarebelSi da wevdeT,
wamogyobi yvelgan. racxanairad gavignebT, wagiyvan adesSi,
erTi xani iqana iqnebi, sanam daaviwydebi da mere racxa ginda
igi qeni“ – sTavazobs maWavariani musias. musia uars etyvis
daxmarebaze, Tumca maWavariani mainc aiRebs moskovis bi-
leTs. am momentidan mkiTxvelisTvis ukve naTelia, vin aris
realurad `Semwe“ da vin – e. w `mavne“ personaJi. qiqavas, igive
Salva wereTlis gegmis mixedviT, musias gzidan Camoacile-

52
ben maWavariansa da fralovs, orive maTgans viTom SemTxveviT
gaugebrobaSi daWrian, xolo menzeris qali musias ineqcias
gaukeTebs da daaZinebs, rom moskovamde zedmeti probleme-
bis gareSe `uvneblad“ Caiyvanon. mkiTxvelisTvis ukve cxa-
dia, rom realurad `Semwe“ personaJebi damarcxebulebi
arian. am momentidan musia `mavne“ personaJTa tyveobaSi mo-
eqceva da musiasTvis iwyeba, avtoris TqmiT, `arasizmriani
Rame“. `matarebeli midioda kunapetSi, arafelSi. amxela
qveyana raferaa arafeli? arafelia, Tu Seni araferia Sig.
sizmaric Tu araa da aRarc ici kido vincxa xar da ra xar“.
Tumca mTavari gmirisTvis movlenebis amgvari arasaxar-
bielo ganviTarebis miuxedavad, mkiTxvelis molodini mainc
mTavri Sexvedrisken aris mimarTuli. rodis da rogor Sex-
vdebian erTmaneTs jadosnuri zRapris gmiri musia da an-
tagonisti stalini. aRniSnul Sexvedras mwerali TiTqos
ararealur droSi warmoadgens.mkiTxvels uWirs gaazreba,
movlenebi realurad viTardeba amgvarad, Tu es musias war-
mosaxvaa. musia ver acnobirebs sad aris, visTan erTadaa, ro-
gor moxvda iq, sadac aris, bundovnad Caesmis stalinis xma.
`aba, sulelo, risTvis Camoxvedi? iq ar gyofnis oTxi oTaxi
abazaniT. saerTod Tu gesmis, ra Caidine. yvela amaze lapara-
kobs. Se sufraJistka, rogor SeiZleboda. siyvarulSic ki
araferi gesmis, saerTod ar gesmis, ra aris Zalaufleba. Sen
Cemi mteri xar gesmis?... ras wamowanwaldi, raSi gWirdeboda.
CarCi 1905 welSi. megona didi adamiani iqnebodi. movikiTxe
Seni qmari, ukve daxvrites. aba ras gvibrZaneb rom vqnaT,
baltiispireTSi saxalxo moZraoba iRviZebs. adgilobrvi
partizanebisTvis saWiroa gamocdili komisrebi. Senma re-
tingerma ki uari Tqva.xom gesmis, rom Sin veRar dabrundebi
SeuZlebelia. ager xom xedav, meore boZTan... mand manqana id-
geba, gamoaRe da Cajeqi. movifiqreb, daxvretas rogor gada-
garCino (morCilaZe a. kupidoni kremlis kedelTan. Tbilisi,
bakur sulakauris gamomcemloba, 2018, gv. 326). mere musiam
gaigona xelebi zurgs ukan moqalaqev... da manqana wavida~. amas
mosdevs mTxrobelis replika: `metropolSi“ rom ar wasula
53
qe mixvdebiT“. retingerebis binaSi Seasaxles yaraulaSvili
– mxolod am frazis Semdeg ijerebs sabolood mkiTxvelic,
rom jadosnuri zRapris gmiri damarcxda da moTxrobili
ambavi sinamdvileSi antizRaparia.
rogorc dasawyisSi aRvniSneT, avtoris mizandasaxule-
baa Txrobis procesSi dro/sivrcis ierarqiuli mimarTebebi
warmoaCinos: saqarTvelos, rogorc sabWoTa kavSiris Semad-
genlobaSi myofi periferiul qveynis da ruseTis, rogorc
centrisa, romelic politikuri Zalauflebisa da sabWoTa
kavSiris dominanturi globaluri dro/sivrcis aTvlis
wertils wamoadgens. romanSi Cans naratiuli droc da dis-
kursuli droc. naratoris imeruli dialeqtiT vfiqrobT,
mwerali imis xazgasmas cdilobs, rom marTalia, mTxrobeli
adekvaturad axdens warsuli ambis Sefasebas, magram nara-
ciis momentSi nacionalur cnobirebas kvlav subalternis
pozicia ukavia 80-iani wlebis sabWoTa sinamdvileSi. amdenad,
naratoris dialeqtze metyveleba avtors dro/sivrcis ga-
mijvnisa da ierarqiulobis saCveneblad sWirdeba. zRapruli
dro gulisxmobs istoriis gareT mdgar dros, Sesabamisad,
Cveni azriT, avtors surda eCvenebina, rom erTgvarma naci-
onalurma naivurma warmodgenebma samyarosa da cxovrebaze
ganapiroba imgvari drois dadgoma, sadac qarTvelebi isto-
riis gareT mdgom droSi aRmoCnden da Sesabamisad, istoriis
subieqtis funqciac dakarges. amavdroulad, radgan nara-
tori sazogadoebis inteleqtualTa nawilis warmomadgene-
lia, misi dialeqturi metyveleba mianiSnebs imas, rom gasuli
saukunis miwirulSic dominantur drosTan mimarTebiT qar-
Tuli cnobiereba kvlavac anaqronuli, globaluri droi-
dan amovardnili da subordinaciuli gaxldaT. Sesabamisad,
avtori am poziciaSi moiazrebs ara mxolod gasuli saukunis
dasawyisis qarTvel sazogadoebas, aramed 80-iani wlebis
saqarTvelosac.
rogorc dasawyisSi SevniSneT, ama Tu im istoriuli na-
rativis an ubralod, warsuli movlenis damaxsovrebis for-
ma misi reprezentaciis formebsac ganapirobebs. amdenad,
54
 vfiqrobT, mocemuli teqstiT aka morCilaZe Seecada, Cve-
ni qveynis warsulidan gaecocxlebina yvelaze travmuli
da tragikuli istoriuli movlenebi msubuqi naratiuli
zRapris reprezentaciis formiT. reprezentaciis formis
cvlileba met asparezs aZlevs travmuli cnobierebiT dam-
Zimebul sazogadoebas, miubrundes warsuls, Tavidan gai-
azros da gaaSinaarsos is, rac perspeqtivaSi sazogadoebis
cnobierebis cvlilebasac ganapirobebs da axali koleqti-
uri mexsierebis/cnobirebis formirebis winapirobas qmnis.

55

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