Jawapan

JAWAPAN
BAB

5. y ∝ x
y = k x
Ubahan
1 Variation
Apabila/When x = 9, y = 15,
15 = k( 9 )
15
k =
3
Ubahan Langsung
1.1 = 5
Direct Variation 1
∴ y = 5 x atau/or y = 5x 2
A 1.
10 20 30 40 50 C 1. a ∝ bc
× 1.82 a = kbc
18.20 36.40 54.60 72.80 91.00 Apabila/When a = 70, b = 5, c = 7,
70 = k(5)(7)
2. 70
3 6 9 12 15 k =
35
× 130 = 2
390 780 1 170 1 560 1 950 ∴ a = 2bc
3. 2. h ∝ mn
100 200 300 400 500 h = kmn
× 0.85 Apabila/When h = 16, m = 10, n = 8,
85 170 255 340 425 16 = k(10)(8)
80k = 16
B 1. y ∝ x 16
k =
y = kx 80
Apabila/When x = 4, y = 20, 1
=
20 = 4k 5
20 1
k = ∴ h = mn
4 5
= 5 3. q ∝ rs
∴ y = 5x q = krs
Apabila/When q = 18, r = 3, s = 4,
2.
y∝x 18 = k(3)(4)
y = kx 12k = 18
1 18
Apabila/When x = , y = 5, k =
3 12
k
5 =
3 3
k = 5 × 3 =
2
= 15 3
∴ q = rs
∴ y = 15x 2
4. z ∝ xy3
3. y ∝ x
z = kxy3
y = kx
Apabila/When z = 40, x = 5, y = 2,
40 = k(5)(23)
3 = 12k
40k = 40
3
k = k = 1
12
∴ z = xy3
1
=
4 5. u ∝ v w
1 u = kv w
∴y= x
4 1
Apabila/When u = 1, v = , w = 9,
4. y ∝ x2 6
1
y = kx2
6  
1 = k ( 9 )
1
12 = k(22) 1 = k
2
12 k = 2
k =
4 ∴ u = 2v w
= 3
∴ y = 3x2
1 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Matematik Tingkatan 5 Jawapan Bab 1
D 1. (a) y ∝ x3 Apabila/When x = b,
y = kx3 1 568 = 4 × b2 × 8
Apabila/When x = 2, y = 4, 1 568
b2 =
4 = k(23) 4×8
4 = 8k = 49
4 b = 7
k =
8 Apabila/When y = c,
1 384 = 4 × 42 × c
=
2 384
1 c =
∴ y = x3 4 × 16
2
= 6
Apabila/When x = 3:
1 F 1. (a) L  j2
y = (33)
2 L = kj2
27
= Apabila/When j = 7, L = 154,
2
1 154 = k(7)2
= 13 154 = 49k
2
1 154
(b) Apabila/When y = , k =
16 49
1 1 22
= x3 =
16 2 7
2 22 2
3
x = ∴ L = j
16 7
1 Apabila/When j = 14,
=
8 22
L =
× 142
1 7
x =
2 = 616 cm2
2. (a) y ∝ x
y = kx (b) Apabila/When L = 38.5,
22 2
Apabila/When x = 10, y = 5, 38.5 = j
7
5 = k(10)
7
5 j2 = 38.5 ×
k = 22
10 = 12.25
1 j = 12.25
=
2 = 3.5 cm
1
∴ y = x
2 2. (a) C  j2
Apabila/When x = 30, C = kj2
1
y = (30) Apabila/When j = 35, C = 3 850,
2
= 15 3 850 = k(352)
Cajnya ialah RM15. 3 850
k =
The charge is RM15. 352
22
(b) Apabila/When y = 45, =
7
1 22 2
45 = x ∴ C = j
2 7
x = 45 × 2
Apabila/When j = 14,
= 90
22
Jarak penghantaran ialah 90 km. C =
× 142
7
The delivery distance is 90 km.
= 616 cm3
E 1. z ∝ x2y
z = kx2y (b) Apabila/When C = 346.5,
22 2
Apabila z = 196, x = 3.5 dan y = 4, 346.5 = j
7
When z = 196, x = 3.5 and y = 4, 7
j2 = 346.5 ×
196 = k × 3.52 × 4 22
196 = 110.25
k =
(3.52)(4) j = 110.25
= 4 = 10.5 cm
∴ z = 4x2y
Diameter = 2(10.5)
Apabila/When z = a, = 21 cm
a = 4 × 72 × 6
= 1 176
© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 2

1.2
Ubahan Songsang 2. y ∝ 13
Inverse Variation x
k
y = 3
G 1. Apabila x semakin berkurang, y semakin bertambah. x
Maka, y berubah secara songsang dengan x. Apabila/When x = 5, y = 8 000,
As x decreases, y increases. k
8 000 = 3
Therefore, y varies inversely as x. 5
k = 8 000 × 125
1
H 1. y ∝ = 1 000 000
x
1 000 000
k ∴y=
y= x3
x
Apabila/When x = 2,
1 000 000
k y =
5 = 23
9
= 125 000
k = 45
45 Oleh itu, bilangan kiub ais yang dapat dihasilkan dengan
∴y= menggunakan bekas bersisi 2 cm ialah 125 000 ketul.
x
1 Therefore, 125 000 ice cubes can be made using a tray with
2. y ∝ 3
x sides 2 cm.
k
y = 3
x
Ubahan Bergabung
Apabila/When x = 2, y = 5, 1.3
Combined Variation
k
5 = 3
2
J 1. y ∝ x
k = 40 z
40 kx
∴y= 3 y =
x z
1 y = 1 apabila x = 12, z = 3,
3. y ∝
x y = 1 when x = 12, z = 3,
k k × 12
y = 1 =
x 3
Apabila/When x = 25, y = 3, 1
k=
k 4
3 = x
25 ∴y=
4z
k = 15
∴ y = 15 y∝ x
2
2.
x z
y = kx
2
I 1. (a) j ∝ 1 1 z
m3 y = 2 apabila/when x = 2, z = 6,
j = k1 k(22)
2 =
6
m3
2×6
Apabila/When m = 64, j = 4, k =
4
k
4 = 1
= 3
64 3 3x2
∴y=
3
k = 4( 64 ) z
= 4(4) q
= 16 3.
p∝
r
16 kq
∴ j = 3 p =
m
r
(b) Apabila/When m = 512, p = 12 apabila/when q = 8, r = 4,
16
j = 3 12 = 8k
512 4
16
= 12 × 2
8 k =
8
= 2
= 3
(c) Apabila/When j = 3.2, 3q
16 ∴p=
3.2 = 3 r
m
3 16
m =
3.2
=5
m = 125

K 1. (a) y  x
2
2. j  p q
z
j = kp q
kx2
y = 6 = k(4)( 4 )
z
y = 3 apabila x = 6 dan z = 8, 6
k =
y = 3 when x = 6 and z = 8, (4)( 4 )
k(6)2 3
3 = =
8 4
3×8 3
k = ∴j= p q
62 4
2 Apabila j = 24, q = 16
=
3 When j = 24, q = 16
2x2 3
∴ y = 24 = (a)( 16 )
3z 4
(b) Apabila/When y = 9, z = 6, 24
a =
2x2 3
9 =
3×6 = 8
9 × 18 Apabila j = 45, p = 20
x2 = When j = 45, p = 20
2
= 81 3
45 = (20) b
x = ±9 4
45
L 1. Katakan/Let b =
15
t = bilangan hari yang diperlukan/number of days needed = 3
y = panjang tembok/length of the wall b = 32
x = bilangan pekerja/number of workers = 9
t y
x
t =
ky
x
PRAKTIS BERORIENTASIKAN SPM
10k Kertas 1
3 =
4 3
3×4 1. y ∝ z
k = x2
10 1
= 1.2 3
kz 3
y = k 2z atau/or y =
6y x x2
∴t=
5x Jawapan / Answer: C
(a) Apabila/When t = 3, x = 3,
2. I ∝ j 2t
6y
3 = I = kj 2t
5×3
I
3 × 15 k = 2
y = j t
6
Jawapan / Answer: D
= 7.5 m
(b) Apabila/When t = 8, y = 40, 3. y berubah secara langsung dengan kuasa dua x dan secara
6 × 40 songsang dengan z.
8 = y varies directly as the square of x and inversely as z.
5x
6 × 40 Jawapan / Answer: C
x =
8×5
4. y ∝ x2w3
= 6 orang pekerja/workers
y = kx2w3
y
k = 2 3
PRAKTIS BERPANDU SPM xw
xy x 2 3 4
1. L 
z w 3 4 5
kxy
L =
z y 54 288 1 000
k(5)(2)
20 =
4 54 288 1 000
(20) 4 y (22)(33) (32)(43) (42)(53)
k = x2w3 1 1 1
(5)(2) = = =
= 4 2 2 2
4xy Maka, nilai-nilai dalam jadual ini memenuhi hubungan y = kx2w3

∴L=
z 1
dengan k = .
2
Thus, the values in the table satisfy the relationship y = kx2w3 Kertas 2
1
where k = . qr
2 1. (a) p ∝
s
Jawapan / Answer: B
kqr
p =
1 s
5. y 
5x – 9 k(6)(5)
15 =
k 8
y= (15)(8)
5x – 9 k =
y = 4 apabila/when x = 2, (6)(5)
k = 4
4= 4qr
5(2) – 9 ∴ p =
k=4 s
4 4(7)(6)
∴y= (b) p =
5x – 9 12
Apabila x = 5/When x = 5, = 14
4 4q(8)
y = (c) 16 =
5(5) – 9 10
4 q = 5
=
16
1
=
4
Jawapan / Answer: A

JAWAPAN
BAB D 1. A dan B ialah matriks peringkat sama, tetapi a12 ≠ b12. Maka,
A ≠ B.
Matriks
2 Matrices
A and B are matrices of the same order, but a12 ≠ b12. Therefore,
A ≠ B.
2. C dan D ialah matriks peringkat sama, dan setiap unsur yang
Matriks sepadan adalah sama. Maka, C = D.
2.1
Matrices C and D are matrices of the same order, and all the
corresponding elements are equal. Therefore, C = D.
 
30 70
30 120 60
A 1. 120
60
240 atau/or
150

70 240 150  3. E ≠ F kerana peringkat E ialah 3 × 2 manakala peringkat F
ialah 2 × 3.
E ≠ F because E is a 3 × 2 matrix while F is a 2 × 3 matrix.
 
3 3
2. 3
3  2 1 
1 4 atau/or 1 2
4 1
4.
G = F kerana kedua-dua matriks itu berperingkat 3 × 1, dan
mempunyai unsur-unsur yang sama.
 
2 1 G = F because both are matrices of order 3 × 1, and contain
2 1 2
3. 1
2
2 atau/or
2

1 2 2  the same elements.
B 1. Matriks peringkat 3 × 2 Operasi Asas Matriks

2.2
Matrix of order 3 × 2 Basic Operation on Matrices
2.
Matriks peringkat 1 × 3
E 1. 3 + 4 = 3 + 4
Matrix of order 1 × 3      
2 3 2+3
3.
Matriks peringkat 2 × 1
Matrix of order 2 × 1 = 7 
5
4. Matriks peringkat 2 × 3
2. 11 + 0 = 11 + 0
Matrix of order 2 × 3      
6 4 6+4
5.
Matriks peringkat 3 × 1 =  11 
Matrix of order 3 × 1 10
6. Matriks peringkat 2 × 2
3. –7 + 3 = −7 + 3
Matrix of order 2 × 2
    
1 –4 1 + (−4)
4 = a11 a12 =  −4 
C 1. A = −2
7  8   a21 a22 −3
a12 = 4, a21 = 7, a22 = 8
 –76  +  –32  =  6−7++(−3)
4.
2 
  
b11 b12

0 −3
B = 2 4 = b21
2. b22 = 3 
5 9 b31 b32 −5
b11 = 0, b21 = 2, b32 = 9
5. 4
0 = c11 c12 c13

2  3  
2 + 1
0 5 
3 = 4 + 1
2+0
2+3
3+5 
3. C = 2 4

3 5  1  c21 c22 c23  = 5 5
c13 = 0, c22 = 5, c23 = 1 2 8
6. 5
d11   
−2 + −3
 
0 = 5 + (−3) −2 + 0

   
12
4 3 2 1 4+2 3+1
D = –9 = d21
4.
= 2 −2
5
d11 = 12,
d31
d21 = –9, d31 = 5

6 4 
     
e11 e12 e13 5 2 1 7 5+1 2+7
   
1 0 −1
e21 e22 e23 7. 6 3 + 5 6 = 6 + 5 3+6
E= 3
5. 7 5 =
0 1 6 5 0+6 1+5
−2 6 9 e31 e32 e33
 
e13 = –1, e21 = 3, e33 = 9 6 9
= 11 9
6 6

−2 × 4
     
3 2 −5 3 3 + (−5) 2+3 4. −2 4 =
8. 6 4 + 1 3 = 6+1 4+3
   −5 −2 × (−5) 
−8 2 9 −5 −8 + 9 2 + (−5)
=  −8 
10
 
−2 5
= 7 7
5. 4 2 1 = 4 × 2 4×1
1 –3 5 7  4×5 4×7 
F 1. 9 − 4 = 9 − 4
     
5 1 5−1 = 8
20
4
28 
= 5 0 = 5 × 3 5×0
6. 5 3
4 2 −2  
5×2 5 × (−2) 
2. 8 − 2 = 8 − 2
     
4 3 4−3 =  15
10
0
−10 
= 6 4×j
1   4 × k
7. 4 j =
k
3. 2 − 7 = 2 − 7

     
5 3 5−3 =  4j 
4k
=  −5  12 × p
2   
8. 12 p =
q 12 × q
4. –1 − 5 = −1 − 5
    
3 −2 3 − (−2) =
12q 
12p
=  −6 
5 
9. 7 ℎ
5 −k  
ℎ + 1 = 7ℎ
7(5)
7(ℎ + 1)
7(−k) 
5. 7

9  6 
5 − 4
3 1  
4 = 7 − 4
9−3
5−4
6−1  =  7ℎ
35
7ℎ + 7
−7k 
= 3 1
10. 2 3
6 5

−p q+2  
q = 2(3)
2(−p)
2(q)
2(q + 2) 
6. 5

3  6 
2 − 2
8 2  
−1 = 5 − 2
3−8
2 − (−1)
6−2  = 6
−2p
2q
2q + 4 
=  3 3
−5 4

11. k k
−3 2  
0 = k(k)
k(−3)
k(0)
k(2) 
     
9 3 0 5 9−0 3−5
= k 0

2
7. 7 5 – 4 3 = 7 − 4 5−3
−3k 2k
2 6 7 2 2−7 6−2
12. m 2
  
−3 = m(2) m(−3)

 
9 −2
= 3 2 m 8m m(m) m(8m)
−5 4
=  2m −3m

m 2
8m2 
    
0 7 −3 4 0 − (−3) 7−4
8. 12 9 – 2 3 = 12 − 2 9−3
H 1. [1 3] −1 = [(1)(–1) + (3)(5)]
−7 16 4 −5 −7 − 4 16 − (−5) 5 
= [–1 + 15]
 
3 3
= [14]
= 10 6
−11 21
2. [3 2] 1 = [(3)(1) + (2)(–2)]
3×2

−2  
G 1. 3 2 =
   
1 3×1

= [3 – 4]
= [–1]
= 6
3 (0)(4) (0)(3)
3. 0 [4 3] =
2. 6  = 
3 6×3
   
6×2
1 (1)(4) (1)(3)
2
= 0 0
=  18  4 3
12
(1)(3) (1)(4)
4. 1 [3 4] =
3. −3  = 
4 −3 × 4
−3 × 1 
 
2 (2)(3) (2)(4) 
1
= 3 4
=  −12  6 8
−3

  
5. 1 1 0 0 1 −2 0
3
3
4  −12  =  (1)(−1)
(3)(−1) + (4)(2) 
+ (3)(2)
BA = 0 1 0 3 4 −1
0 0 1 2 0 3
=  −1 + 6 
 
−3 + 8 1 −2 0
= 3 4 −1
=5 2 0 3
5
AB = BA = A
6. 2
4
1
3  25  =  (2)(2)
(4)(2) + (3)(5) 
+ (1)(5) Maka, B ialah satu matriks identiti.
Therefore, B is an identity matrix.
= 4+5  J 1. AB = 5 3

8 + 15 
2 −3 = 1 0
3 2 −3 5 
0 1   
= 9  BA = 2 −3 5 3 = 1 0

23
−3 5  3 2 0 1    
AB = BA = I
7. [0 2] 4 3

1 1   Maka, B ialah matriks songsang bagi matriks A.
Therefore, B is the inverse matrix of matrix A.
= [(0)(4) + (2)(1) (0)(3) + (2)(1)]
= [0 + 2 0 + 2 ]
2. AB = 3 2
= [2 2]

4 3 −4 −3 
3 −2 = 1 −12
0 −17   
8. [5 −1] 1 3  
BA = 3 −2

−4 −3 4 3
3 2 = 1
−24 −17
0
  
2 4
AB ≠ BA ≠ I
= [5 + (–2) 15 + (–4)] Maka, B bukan matriks songsang bagi matriks A.
= [3 11] Therefore, B is not the inverse matrix of matrix A.

9. 2
1
3
4  52 01  =  105 ++86 00 ++ 43  3.  −75 −23  37 25  =  10 01 
AB =
=  16 3  BA =  3 2  5 −2  =  1 0 

13 4 7 5 −7 3 0 1
AB = BA = I
10.  3
−4
1
2  1
2 3  
−3 = 3 + 2
−4 + 4
–9 + 3
12 + 6  Maka, matriks B ialah songsang matriks A.
Therefore, matrix B is the inverse of matrix A.
= 5 −6

0 18  1
K 1. A−1 = 2
(4)(2) − (1)(6) −6  −1
4 
1
   2 −1  
2 0 4 1 2 0 =
11. 1 5 1 3 4 1 8 − 6 −6 4
8 2 0 0 −1 7 1
= 2 −1
2 −6 4  
 
2+0+0 4+0−4 0 + 0 + 28
 
= 1 + 15 + 0 2 + 20 − 1 0+5+7 1
= 1 −
8+6+0 16 + 8 + 0 0+2+0 2
−3 2
 
2 0 28
1
= 16 21 12 2. B−1 = 4  −1

14 24 2 (3)(4) − (1)(8) −8 3
1
=
12 − 8
 4 −1
−8 3 
 −31 24  10 01  =  −31 24 
I 1. AB =
1
= 4
4 −8  −1
3 
BA =  1 0  1 2  =  1 2 

 
0 1 −3 4 −3 4 1
1 −
AB = BA = A 4
=
Maka, B ialah satu matriks identiti. 3
−2
Therefore, B is an identity matriks. 4
1
3. C−1 = 2  −4

  
1 −2 0 1 0 0 (1)(2) − (4)(–3) 3 1
AB = 3
2. 4 −1 0 1 0 1
2 0 3 0 0 1 = 2 −4  
2 + 12 3 1
 
1 −2 0 1 2 −4
= 3 4 −1
=
14 3 1  
2 0 3
 
1 2
−
7 7
=
3 1
14 14

1 Maka, B tidak mempunyai matriks songsang.

4. D−1 = −2  5
 Therefore, B does not have an inverse matrix.
(3)(−2) − (−5)(1) −1 3
1
=  −2 5  3. Penentu bagi A/Determinant of C
−6 + 5 −1 3 = ad – bc
= 6(–3) – (–9)(2)
=  2 −5  = –18 – (–18)
1 −3
= 0
1
5. E−1 = −2  5
 Maka, C tidak mempunyai matriks songsang.
(6)(−2) − (−5)(3) −3 6 Therefore, C does not have an inverse matrix.
1
= −2 5   M 1. 1
−12 + 15 −3 6
1

  xy  =  40 
2
2
3
= −2 5
3 −3 6  
1
 xy  = (1)(3) − (2)(2)  −23 −2
  40 
1
 
2 5
−
3 3 = −  3 −2  4 
= −2 1 0
−1 2
1
−4
= −
 −8 
12
6. F−1 =
(3)(−4) − (−2)(5) −5  2
3 
=  −12
1
−4 2 8 
=
−12 + 10 −5 3  
∴ x = –12, y = 8
1
= − −4 2

2 −5 3   
  xy  =  −6
2. 1 −3
32

2 4
 
2 −1
1
=
5
2
3
−
2
 xy  = (1)(4) − (−3)(2)  −24 3
1   −6
32

1 4
10  −2 1  −6 
= 3 32
1
7. G−1 = 1  2

(3)(1) − (−2)(4) −4 3 1 110
10  −70 
1 =
= 1 2  
3 + 8 −4 3
1 =  11 
= 1 2
11 −4 3  
∴ x = 11, y = –7
−7
 
1 2
3. 5
=
11
−
4
11
3

  xy  =  −16
1 −11 
−7
−4
11 11 1
1
 xy  = (5)(−4) − (−7)(1)  −1 5   −11 
−4 7 −16
8. H−1 = 8  −1

(−1)(8) − (1)(−3) 3 −1 1
= −  −4 7  −16 
1 13 −1 5 −11
= 8 −1  
−8 + 3 3 −1 1
= −  −13 
1 13 −39
= − 8 −1

5 3 −1   =  1 
3
 
8 1
−
∴ x = 1, y = 3
5 5
=
3 1
−
4. 2 −3
5 5 
  xy  =  37 
2 −6
L 1. Penentu bagi A/Determinant of A
1
= ad – bc
= (5)(2) – (1)(4)
 xy  = (2)(−6) − (−3)(2)  −6
−2 2   7 
3 3
1
= 10 – 4 = −  −6 3  3 
= 6 ≠ 0 6 −2 2 7
Maka, A mempunyai matriks songsang. 1
Therefore, A has an inverse matrix. = −  3 
6 8
 
2. Penentu bagi A/Determinant of B 1
−
= ad – bc = 2
1
= (–3)(4) – (6)(–2) −1
3
= –12 – (–12)
= 0 1 1

∴ x = – , y = –1
2 3

   
N 1. 3x + 5y = 31 −8 −2 1 2
+ 9
2x + 7y = 28
3.
−1
6
−
5 1
4 =
4
w
−
Persamaan matriks/Matrix equation: 5 4
w
3 – 6 + 1 = −
2 
  xy  =  31
28 
5
7 5 4
1 w
1 – = –
 xy  = (3)(7) − (5)(2)  −27 −5
3   31
28 

5
w = 4
4
1 7 −5 31 5
11  −2 3   28 
=
  −  38  = 3 6x 
4. −2 6
1 77 −y
11  22 
=
 −12  −  3  =  3x 
2y 8 18
=  7 
2
Harga sebungkus minuman bercoklat = RM7
 2y − 8  =  18
−12 − 3 3x

Price of a packet of chocolate drink –12 – 3 = 3x 2y – 8 = 18
Harga setin susu pekat = RM2 3x = –15 2y = 26
Price of a can of condensed milk x = –5 y = 13
2. (a) x + y = 3
1
12x + 8y = 29 5. (a) A–1 = −4  −8

(−1)(−4) − (8)(3) −3 −1
(b) Persamaan matriks/Matrix equation: 1
= − −4 −8


20 −3 −1 

 121 18   xy  =  293  (b) Bentuk matriks/Matrix form:
1
 xy  = (1)(8) − (1)(12)  −12
8 −1
1   
3
29   xy  =  −7
−1
3  36 
8
−4
1
= −  8
4 −12 1   29 
−1 3 1
 y  = − 20  −4
x
−3 −1   36 
−8 −7
1
= −  −5  = −  −260 
1
4 −7 20 −15
= 
 
1.25
1.75 
13
=
3
∴ x = 1.25. y = 1.75 4
3
∴ x = 13, y =
4
PRAKTIS BERPANDU SPM
8 − 3 3 − 1 −12
     
1.
16 2 2 20 Kertas 1
=  8  −  9  −  −6  1. −2 3 + −8 = −6 + −8
16 6 10        
−2 11 4 11
= 
16 − 6 − 10 
8 − 9 + 6
=  −6 − 8 
4 + 11
=  5  = −14
15 

0
Jawapan / Answer: D
 – 7N = –9 2 
4 2
2. −1

1
10
11 1
3 3  −13 [2 5 ] =  (–1)(2)
2. (3)(2)
(–1)(5) 
(3)(5)
−1
1 
 – 7N = –  366 183 
10
11 =  6 15 
–2 –5
7N =  −1 10  +  36 18

1 11 6 3  Jawapan / Answer: C
=  35
7 14 
28
 
8 3
3. [1 −1 4] 1 5
1 35 28 −2 0
N = 
7 7 14 

= [ 8 + (–1) + (–8) 3 + (–5) + 0 ]
= [ –1 –2 ]
=  5 4  Jawapan / Answer: C
1 2

4. 5[–1 4] + K = [2 12]
[–5 20] + K = [2 12]  −28 32  −  62
11.
−5 
−4 + 7
0
−1
1 
K = [2 12] – [–5 20]
=  8 − 6 + 7 3+4−1
= [2 + 5 12 – 20]
= [7 –8] −2 − 2 + 0 2+5+1 
Jawapan / Answer: D
=  9 6 
−4 8
     
8 3 8(5) + 3(8) Jawapan/ Answer: A
5. 1 5 5 = 1(5) + 5(8)
−2 0 8 2(5) + 0(8)
[2 5] 6
12. 
n = [2 5]

 
64 −2 −5
= 45 [12 + (−10) 2n + (−25)] = [2 5]
–10 [2 2n − 25] = [2 5]
Jawapan / Answer: B 2n – 25 = 5
2n = 30
6. [−x 9] 2 = [21]
x   n = 15
Jawapan / Answer: D
[–2x + 9x] = [21]
[7x] = [21]
13. 5 −3 − x = 5
7x = 21      
1 −8 y
x = 3
Jawapan / Answer: A  −15  −  x  =  5 
5 −8 y
−1 
7. [y 9] y = [40]  −15
13   y 
− x = 5
[y2 – 9] = [40] –15 – x = 5

y2 – 9 = 40 x = –20
y2 = 49 y = 13
y = 7 Jawapan / Answer: A
Jawapan / Answer: D
14. 2 3
 −72 −38  −  13 −20 
8. −p  11
4  −  08 9  
10 = 6
2
12
−1 
6
=  −7 − 1 −3 − (−2)  −2p  8  8
22 − 0
9  2
10 = 6 12
−1 
2−3 8−0
=  −8 −1 
−1 8
 −2p6− 8 −1   2
12 = 6
−1 
12
Jawapan / Answer: A –2p – 8 = 2

2p = –10
1 p = –5
 −23  +  58  − 3  15
9.
27  Jawapan / Answer: B
=   +   −  5 
−2 5
Kertas 2
3 8 9
=  −2
3+8−9 
+ 5 − 5 1
1. (a) A–1 = 
2 −5

(3)(2) − (5)(7) −7 3
=  −2 1
= − 2 −5
2

29 −7 3 
Jawapan / Answer: C
(b) Bentuk matriks:
Matrix form:
10. 6

3  4
8 + P = 2
1
5
3 3
7 
  xy  =  31
24 
5
2
P =  2 5  −  6 8 
1 3 3 4 1
=  2
 xy  = − 29  −72 −53   31
24 
1 − 3 3 − 4
− 6 5 − 8
1
= −  −58 
29 −145
=  −4 −3 
−2 −1
=  2 
Jawapan/ Answer: C 5
∴ x = 2, y = 5

2. (a) −4
−6  01 3 Z= 1
5 0
Membanding dengan m 5
n  −1 :
3 
Jika/If A =  −4 3 , Comparing with m 5 −1
−6 5 n 3  
1
A 
−6 5 
−4 3 Z = A  1 0 
–1 –1 Maka/Thus, m = , n = –8
0 1 7
(b) Bentuk matriks:
Z = A–1
Matrix form:
1
= 5  −3

−20 − (−18) 6 −4 3 
  xy  =  27
111

8 5
1
= − 5 −3
2 6 −4  
1
 xy  = 7  −85 −13   27
11

 
5 3
− 1 28
= 2 2 =  
−3 2 7 −7
(b) Bentuk matriks: =  4 

Matrix form: −1
∴ x = 4, y = –1
−4
−6 
  xy  =  10
16 
3
5
5. (a) Penentu bagi V = 0
1 Determinant of V = 0
 xy  = − 2  56 −3
−4   16 
10
ad – bc = 0
1 8(1) – (–2)r = 0
= −  2  8 + 2r = 0
2 −4
2r = –8
=   −1 r = –4
2
(b) V = 8
∴ x = –1, y = 2
1  −2
1 
1
1  2

3. (a)  113   01 
−1 K = 1
−4 0
V –1 =
8(1) − (−2)(1) −1 8
1 1 2
Jika/If A =  3 −1 ,
11 −4
=
10 −1 8  
(c) Bentuk matriks:
A 
11 −4 
3
–1 −1 K = A  1 0  –1
Matrix form:
0 1
8
K = A–1
1 
  xy  =  −22
−2
1 6 
1
= −4  1
 1
3(−4) − (−1)(11) −11 3  xy  = 10  −11 28   −22
6 
= − −4  1
 1 −10
10  70 
−11 3 =
= 4
11  −1
−3  =  −1 
7
(b) Bentuk matriks:
Matrix form: ∴ x = –1, y = 7
3
11 
  xy  =  10
37 
−1
−4 6. (a) ℎ 2
5 4
−1   −1f −4 = 1
2  
0
0
1 
 xy  =  114 −1
−3   37 
10 Katakan/Let:
A= 2
=  3 

5  −1 
4 dan/and B = ℎ −1
f  −4
2 
−1
Oleh sebab AB = I, maka:
∴ x = 3, y = –1 As AB = I, therefore:
B = A−1
4. (a) Katakan/Let A = 3 1   1
1
8 5 ℎ −1
f
−4
2 =  −1
2(−1) − 4(5) −5  −4
2 
A = –1
5 −1  
3(5) − (1)(8) −8 3 1 −1
1
= −
22 −5 2 
−4
= 5 −1
7 −8 3  
1
∴ h = − , f = –5
22

(b) Bentuk matriks: 8. Katakan/Let:

Matrix form: Harga beli/cost price = RMx
Harga jual/selling price = RMy
2
5 
  xy  =  14
4
−1 13  Jimmy: –4x + 2y = 2
Nailey: –5x + 4y = 13
1
 xy  = − 22  −1
−5 2   13 
−4 14
Bentuk matriks:
Matrix form:
1
= −  −66 
22 −44
  xy  =  132 
−4  2
−5 4
=  3  1
2  xy  = −16 − (−10)  45 −2
−4 
∴ x = 3, y = 2
1
= −  4 −2   2 
7. (a) Katakan/Let A = 5 −1
4 −3  6 5 −4 13
1
1 = −  −18 
A−1 = 
−3 1  6 −42
−15 − (−4) −4 5
= − −3 1
1

11 −4 5 
=
7
3
Harga beli/Cost price = RM3

1
Membanding dengan q
p −4  5
1 : Harga jual/Selling price = RM7
1 q 9. (a) x + y = 5
Comparing with
p −4  1 :
5  9x + 4y = 25
∴ p = –11, q = –3 (b) Bentuk matriks:
Matrix form:
(b) Bentuk matriks:
1
Matrix form:
9 
  xy  =  255 
1
4
5
4 
  xy  =  136 
−1
−3
1
 xy  = 4 – 9  −94 −1
  255 
1
1
 xy  = − 11  −3
−4 5   6 
1 13
= −  −5 
1
5 −20
1
= −  −33 
11 −22 =  1 
4
=  3  Oleh itu, Darwin membeli 1 botol minyak jagung dan 4 botol
2
minyak sawit.
∴ x = 3, y = 2 Thus, Darwin bought 1 bottle of corn oil and 4 bottles of palm
oil.

JAWAPAN
4. Insurans harta
BAB Property insurance
Matematik Pengguna: Insurans
3 Consumer Mathematics: Insurance
5. Insurans perubatan dan kesihatan
Medical and health insurance
D 1. Polisi pihak ketiga
Risiko dan Perlindungan Insurans Third-party policy
3.1
Risk and Insurance Coverage
2. Polisi pihak ketiga, kebakaran dan kecurian
A 1. Boleh diinsuranskan. Risiko dapat diukur dari segi kewangan. Third-party, fire and theft policy
Can be insured. The risk can be measured financially. 3. Polisi komprehensif
2. Tidak boleh diinsuranskan. Kerugian tidak dapat diukur dari Comprehensive policy
segi kewangan. E 1. (a) Premium tahunan / Annual premium
Cannot be insured. The loss cannot be measured financially.
RM200 000
3. Tidak boleh diinsuranskan. Risiko tidak dapat ditentukan. = × RM1.81
RM1 000
Cannot be insured. The risk cannot be determined. = RM362
4. Boleh diinsuranskan. Risiko terlibat dalam kemalangan dapat (b) Jumlah perlindungan untuk penyakit kritikal
diukur dari segi kewangan. Total coverage for critical illness
Can be insured. The risk involving in accident can be measured 20
financially. = × RM300 000 = RM60 000
100
5. Boleh diinsuranskan. Risiko dapat diukur dari segi kewangan. Premium tahunan / Annual premium
Can be insured. The risk can be measured financially. RM300 000 RM60 000
6. Boleh diinsuranskan. Risiko dapat diukur dari segi kewangan.

=
RM1 000
× RM2.55 +  RM1 000
× RM2.08 
Can be insured. The risk can be measured financially. = RM765.00 + RM124.80
= RM889.80
B 1. Syarikat Toko Mann;
Puan Tai/Mrs Tai; 2.
(a) Premium tahunan / Annual premium
RM519 000; RM250 000
RM385; = × RM2.80
RM1 000
Insurans am / General insurance; = RM700
Kebakaran, kecurian, letupan (atau mana-mana jawapan yang
(b) Jumlah perlindungan untuk penyakit kritikal
sesuai)
Total coverage for critical illness
Fire, theft, explosion (or any suitable answer)
30
2. Syarikat MLQ; × RM100 000 = RM30 000
100
Sylver;
RM100 000; Premium tahunan / Annual premium
RM100 000 RM30 000
RM200;
Insurans hayat / Life insurance;

=
RM1 000
× RM1.51 +  RM1 000
× RM1.62 
Kematian, hilang upaya kekal akibat kemalangan (atau mana- = RM151.00 + RM48.60
mana jawapan yang sesuai) = RM199.60
Death, permanent disabilities due to accident (or any suitable
answer) F 1. (a) Premium bagi RM1 000 pertama
Premium for first RM1 000
3. Syarikat AJL; = RM220
Anton;
Premium bagi baki RM29 000
RM300 000;
Premium for balance of RM29 000
RM291;
Insurans hayat atau insurans am / Life insurance or general RM29 000
= × RM20.30
insurance; RM1 000
Kematian, kemalangan di tempat kerja (atau mana-mana = RM588.70
jawapan yang sesuai) Premium asas / Basic premium
Death, workplace accident (or any suitable answer) = RM220 + RM588.70
= RM808.70
C 1. Insurans perjalanan
Jumlah potongan NCD / Total NCD deduction
Travel insurance
= 0.45 × RM808.70
2. Insurans motor = RM363.92
Motor insurance Premium kasar / Gross premium
3. Insurans kemalangan diri = RM808.70 – RM363.92
Personal accident insurance = RM444.78

(b) Premium asas / Basic premium Premium asas / Basic premium

= 0.75 × RM808.70 = RM339.10 + RM1 378
= RM606.53 = RM1 717.10
Jumlah potongan NCD Jumlah potongan NCD
Total NCD deduction Total NCD deduction
= 0.45 × RM606.53 = 0.3 × RM1 717.10
= RM272.94 = RM515.13
Premium kasar / Gross premium Premium kasar / Gross premium
= RM606.53 − RM272.94 = RM1 717.10 − RM515.13
= RM333.59 = RM1 201.97
2. (a) Premium bagi RM1 000 pertama (b) Premium asas / Basic premium
Premium for first RM1 000 = 0.75 × RM1 717.10
= RM243.90 = RM1 287.83
Premium bagi baki RM102 000 Jumlah potongan NCD
Premium for the balance of RM102 000 Total NCD deduction
RM102 000 = 0.3 × RM1 287.83
= × RM20.30
RM1 000 = RM386.35
= RM2 070.60 Premium kasar / Gross premium
Premium asas / Basic premium = RM1 287.83 − RM386.35
= RM243.90 + RM2 070.60 = RM901.48
= RM2 314.50
G 1. Aiman boleh membuat tuntutan kerana jumlah kerugian lebih
Jumlah potongan NCD
daripada nilai deduktibel.
Total NCD deduction
Amir can make a claim because the total loss is greater than
= 0.25 × RM2 314.50
the value of deductible.
= RM578.63
Bayaran pampasan
Premium kasar / Gross premium
Compensation payment
= RM2 314.50 – RM578.63
= RM1 500 – RM250
= RM1 735.87
= RM1 250
(b) Premium asas / Basic premium
= 0.75 × RM2 314.50 2. Syikin tidak boleh membuat tuntutan kerana jumlah kerugian
= RM1 735.88 kurang daripada nilai deduktibel.
Syikin cannot make any claims because the total loss is less
Jumlah potongan NCD than the value of deductible.
Total NCD deduction
= 0.25 × RM1 735.88 Tiada bayaran pampasan.
= RM433.97 No compensation payment.
Premium kasar / Gross premium H 1. Jumlah insurans yang harus dibeli

= RM1 735.88 − RM433.97 Required amount of insurance
= RM1 301.91 = 0.90 × RM390 000
= RM351 000
3. (a) Premium bagi RM1 000 pertama
Premium for first RM1 000 2. Jumlah insurans yang harus dibeli
= RM372.60 Required amount of insurance
Bagi baki RM83 000 = 0.70 × RM580 000
For the balance of RM83 000 = RM406 000
RM83 000
= × RM26 3. Jumlah insurans yang harus dibeli
RM1 000
= RM2 158 Required amount of insurance
= 0.70 × RM2 500 000
Premium kasar / Gross premium
= RM1 750 000
= RM372.60 + RM2 158
= RM2 530.60 I 1. Jumlah insurans yang harus dibeli
(b) Premium kasar / Gross premium Amount of required insurance
= 0.75 × RM2 530.60 70
= × RM350 000
= RM1 897.95 100
= RM245 000
4. (a) Premium bagi RM1 000 pertama
Premium for first RM1 000 Jumlah insurans yang telah dibeli bersamaan dengan jumlah
= RM339.10 insurans yang harus dibeli.
Bagi baki RM53 000 Amount of insurance purchased is equal to the amount of
For the balance of RM53 000 required insurance.
RM53 000 Bayaran pampasan / Compensation payment
= × RM26 = RM120 000 – RM5 000
RM1 000
= RM1 378 = RM115 000

2. Jumlah insurans yang harus dibeli 4. Premium tahunan / Annual premium

Amount of required insurance RM200 000
= × RM1.55
80 RM1 000
= × RM625 000
100 = RM310.00
= RM500 000
Premium bulanan/Monthly premium
Jumlah insurans yang telah dibeli kurang daripada jumlah RM310
=
insurans yang harus dibeli. 12
Amount of insurance purchased is less than the amount of = RM25.83
required insurance. Jawapan / Answer: B
Bayaran pampasan / Compensation payment
RM320 000 5. Premium
= × RM300 000 − RM6 000 = 0.75 × RM1 648.84
RM500 000
= RM186 000 = RM1 236.63
Jawapan / Answer: A
J 1. Kos perubatan selepas deduktibel 6. Nilai pampasan/Compensation
Medical cos after deductible = RM750 – RM500
= RM10 500 – RM500 = RM10 000 = RM250
Kos yang ditanggung oleh syarikat insurans Jawapan / Answer: A
Costs covered by insurance company
= 80% × RM10 000 = RM8 000 Kertas 2
Kos yang ditanggung oleh pemegang polisi 1. Beza jumlah premium
Costs covered by policyholder Difference in premium amount
= 20% × RM10 000 + RM500 = RM2 500 RM60 000 RM60 000
= RM1 000
× RM3.09 − RM1 000
× RM2.18 
2.
Kos perubatan selepas deduktibel
Medical cos after deductible = RM185.40 − RM130.80
= RM21 500 – RM500 = RM21 000 = RM54.60
Kos yang ditanggung oleh syarikat insurans 2. Premium bagi RM1 000 pertama
Costs covered by insurance company Premium for first RM1 000
= 70% × RM21 000 = RM14 700 = RM305.50
Kos yang ditanggung oleh pemegang polisi Premium bagi baki RM88 000
Costs covered by policyholder Premium for the balance of RM88 000
= 30% × RM21 000 + RM500 = RM6 800 RM88 000
= × RM26
RM1 000
= RM2 288
PRAKTIS BERPANDU SPM Premium asas/Basic premium
= RM305.50 + RM2 288
y = RM2 593.50
1. × (RM20 300 − RM500) + RM500 = RM4 460
100
y RM4 460 − RM500 3. Kerugian bulan Mac / Loss in March:
= RM250  RM500
100 RM19 800
= 0.2 Tidak layak dituntut / Not eligible to claim
y = 20 Kerugian bulan Mei / Loss in May:
x = 100 − 20 RM900  RM500
= 80
Tuntutan / Claim
∴ x/y = 80/20
= RM900 − RM500
= RM400
PRAKTIS BERORIENTASIKAN SPM Kerugian bulan Ogos / Loss in August:
RM650  RM500
Kertas 1
Tuntutan / Claim
1. Premium = RM650 − RM500
Jawapan / Answer: C = RM150
Jumlah tuntutan / Total claims
2. Polisi komprehensif/Comprehensive policy
= RM400 + RM150
Jawapan / Answer: B
= RM550
3. Katakan x ialah nilai muka asas polisi utama
Let x is the basic face value of the main policy
45
x + × x = RM580 000
100
1.45x = RM580 000
x = RM400 000
Jawapan / Answer: D

JAWAPAN
BAB D 1. Cukai bagi RM35 000 pertama = RM600
Tax on the first RM35 000
Matematik Pengguna: Percukaian
4 Consumer Mathematics: Taxation
Cukai atas baki berikutnya / Tax on the next balance
= (RM39 500 – RM35 000) × 8%
= RM360
Percukaian Cukai pendapatan / Tax income
4.1
Taxation = RM600 + RM360
= RM960
A (a) Sumber pendapatan negara
Source of government revenue 2. Cukai bagi RM50 000 pertama = RM1 800
(b) Menstabilkan ekonomi negara Tax on the first RM50 000
Stabilise the economy of the country Cukai atas baki seterusnya / Tax on the next balance
= (RM55 000 – RM50 000) × 14%
(c) Melaksanakan polisi kerajaan = RM700
Implement government policy Cukai pendapatan / Income tax
= RM1 800 + RM700
B (a) Cukai jalan = RM2 500
Road tax
(b) Cukai pendapatan 3. Cukai bagi RM20 000 pertama = RM150
Income tax Tax on the first RM20 000
Cukai atas baki seterusnya / Tax on the next balance
(c) Cukai perkhidmatan
= (RM33 700 – RM20 000) × 3%
Service tax
= RM411
(d) Cukai tanah Rebat / Rebate
Quit tax = RM400 + RM100
(e) Cukai jualan = RM500
Sales tax Cukai pendapatan / Income tax
= RM150 + RM411 – RM500
C 1. Pendapatan tahunan / Annual income = RM61
= 12 × RM4 000
= RM48 000 E 1. Pendapatan bercukai
Pelepasan cukai / Tax relief: Rawatan Premium
Pendapatan
=  tahunan  
– Individu + perubatan + insurans +
Diri ibu bapa hayat
Gaya
Self
RM9 000
hidup 
Perubatan ibu Chargeable income
RM2 500 Parents’ Life
Annual
Parent’s medical expences = 
income 
– Individual + medical + insurance +
expenses premiums
Gaya hidup/Lifestyle:
(i) Pembelian buku (12 × RM100 = RM1 200)
Lifestyle 
Purchase of books RM1 680 = RM54 000 – (RM9 000 + RM2 350 + RM1 920 + RM1 620)
(ii) Langganan Internet (12 × RM40 = RM480) = RM39 110
Internet subscription
Cukai bagi RM35 000 pertama / Tax on the first RM35 000
Premium insurans hayat = RM600
Life insurance premium RM1 920 Cukai atas baki seterusnya / Tax on the next balance
(12 × RM160) = (RM39 100 – RM35 000) × 0.08
= RM328.80
Yuran pengajian Rebat / Rebate = Tidak layak / Not eligible
RM3 700
Education fees
Cukai pendapatan / Income tax
Jumlah / Total RM18 800 = RM600 + RM328.80
= RM928.80
Pendapatan bercukai / Chargeable income
= RM48 000 – RM18 800
= RM29 200

PCB = RM90 × 12 = RM1 080 PCB = RM7 750.20

Cukai pendapatan  PCB / Income tax  PCB Cukai pendapatan  PCB / Income tax  PCB
Lebihan potongan / Excess deduction Cukai terkurang bayar / Insufficient tax payment
= RM1 080 – RM928.80 = RM7 773.10 – RM7 750.20
= RM151.20 = RM22.90
Lebihan potongan akan dipulangkan oleh LHDN sebanyak Cukai yang perlu dibayar oleh Encik Tan ialah RM22.90.
RM151.20. Tax payable by Mr Tan is RM22.90.
Excess deduction will be refunded by IRB for RM151.20.
F 1. Taksiran cukai berasingan:
2. Pendapatan bercukai / Chargeable income Separate tax assessment:
Pendapatan Pelepasan Pelepasan
= tahunan  
– Individu +
untuk isteri
+
bagi anak
+ Encik Mirza:
Pendapatan bercukai / Chargeable income
Premium = RM93 500 – RM800 – RM9 000 – RM2 300 – RM3 000
Gaya
insurans +
hidup  – RM3 000
hayat = RM75 400
Relief Life
Annual Relief for
= 
income  
– Individual +
for wife
+
children
+ insurance Cukai dasar / Basic tax = RM4 600
premiums Cukai atas baki / Tax on the next balance
= (RM75 400 – RM70 000) × 0.21
+ Lifestyle  = RM1 134
= R
M112 000 – [RM9 000 + RM4 000 + (2 × RM8 000) + Rebat / Rebate = RM420
(1 × RM2 000) + RM3 000 + RM2 320] Cukai pendapatan / Income tax
= RM75 680 = RM4 600 + RM1 134 – RM420
Cukai bagi RM70 000 pertama / Tax on the first RM70 000 = RM5 314
= RM4 600 Puan Nirmala:
Cukai atas baki seterusnya / Tax on the next balance Pendapatan bercukai / Chargeable income
= (RM75 680 – RM70 000) × 0.21 = RM57 800 – RM500 – RM9 000 – RM1 800 – RM3 000
= RM1 192.80 – RM3 000
Rebat / Rebate = RM500 = RM40 500
Cukai pendapatan / Income tax Cukai dasar / Basic tax = RM600
= RM4 600 + RM1 192.80 – RM500 Cukai atas baki / Tax on the next balance
= RM5 292.80 = (RM40 500 – RM35 000) × 0.08
= RM440
PCB = RM3 090
Rebat / Rebate = RM280
Cukai pendapatan  PCB / Income tax  PCB
Cukai terkurang bayar / Insufficient tax payment Cukai pendapatan / Income tax
= RM5 292.80 – RM3 090 = RM600 + RM440 – RM280
= RM2 202.80 = RM760
Cukai yang perlu dibayar oleh Encik Nazmi ialah RM2 202.80. Jumlah cukai yang perlu dibayar / Income tax payable
Tax payable by Mr Nazmi is RM2 202.80. = RM5 314 + RM760
= RM6 074
3. Pendapatan bercukai / Chargeable income
Taksiran cukai bersama:
Pendapatan Pelepasan Pelepasan
=  tahunan  
– Individu +
untuk isteri
+
bagi anak
+ Joint tax assessment:
Jumlah pendapatan / Total income
Premium = RM93 500 + RM57 800
Belanja
insurans +
gaya hidup  = RM151 300
hayat Jumlah pengecualian / Total exemption
Relief Life
Annual Relief for
= 
income  
– Individual +
for wife
+
children
+ insurance = RM800 + RM500
= RM1 300
premiums
Lifestyle
+
expenses  Pendapatan bercukai / Chargeable income
= RM151 300 – RM1 300 – RM9 000 – RM2 500 – RM3 000
= RM108 000 – [RM9 000 + RM4 000 + (3 × RM2 000) + – RM3 000
RM2 400 + RM1 490] = RM132 500
= RM85 110
Cukai dasar / Basic tax = RM10 900
Cukai bagi RM70 000 pertama / Tax on the first RM70 000 Cukai atas baki / Tax on the next balance
= RM4 600 = (RM132 500 – RM100 000) × 0.24
Cukai atas baki seterusnya / Tax on the next balance = RM7 800
= (RM85 110 – RM70 000) × 0.21 Rebat / Rebate
= RM3 173.10 = RM420 + RM280
Rebat / Rebate = Tidak layak / Not applicable = RM700
Cukai pendapatan / Income tax Cukai pendapatan / Income tax
= RM4 600 + RM3 173.10 = RM10 900 + RM7 800 – RM700
= RM7 773.10 = RM18 000

Maka, jumlah cukai pendapatan yang perlu dibayar bagi taksiran K 1. Cukai perkhidmatan / Service tax
cukai berasingan lebih kecil daripada taksiran cukai bersama. = RM3 480.10 × 6%
Thus, the total income tax payable for separate tax assessment = RM208.81
is less than joint tax assessment.
L 1. (a) Pendapatan bercukai / Chargeable income
G 1. Cukai jalan = RM90.00 = RM78 300 – RM400 – (RM9 000 + RM3 000 + RM2 000
Road tax + RM5 000 + RM5 600)
2.
Kadar asas / Basic rate = RM200.00 = RM53 300
Kadar progresif / Progressive rate: (b) Jumlah rebat cukai / Total tax rebate
(1 799 – 1 600) × RM0.40 = RM79.60 = RM240
Cukai jalan / Road tax (c) Cukai dasar / Base rate
= RM200.00 + RM79.60 = RM1 800
= RM279.60
Cukai atas baki / Tax on the next balance
3.
Kadar asas / Basic rate = RM380.00 = (RM53 300 – RM50 000) × 14%
Kadar progresif / Progressive rate: = RM462
(2 488 – 2 000) × RM1.00 = RM488.00 Cukai pendapatan / Income tax
Cukai jalan / Road tax = RM1 800 + RM462 – RM240
= RM380.00 + RM488.00 = RM2 022
= RM868.00
4. Kadar asas / Basic rate = RM280.00
Kadar progresif / Progressive rate:
(1 987 – 1 800) × RM0.50 = RM93.50
Cukai jalan / Road tax 1. Bayaran cukai yang tidak mencukupi: Cukai  PCB
= RM280.00 + RM93.50 Insufficient tax payment: Tax  PCB
= RM373.50 PCB = RM280 × 12
= RM3 360
H 1. Nilai tahunan
Annual value Cukai  RM3 360. Maka, cukai pendapatan Kamil ialah RM5 734.
= RM425 × 12 (D)
= RM5 100 Tax  RM3 360. Thus, Kamil’s income tax is RM5 734. (D)
Cukai pintu / Property assessment tax
= RM5 100 × 5%
= RM255.00 PRAKTIS BERORIENTASIKAN SPM
2. Nilai tahunan Kertas 1
Annual value
= RM730 × 12 1. Menggalakkan rakyat melanjutkan pendidikan ke peringkat yang
= RM8 760 lebih tinggi
Cukai pintu / Property assessment tax Encourages people to further studies to higher levels
= RM8 760 × 3.5% Jawapan / Answer: C
= RM306.60
2. Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan
3. Nilai tahunan Road Transport Department
Annual value Jawapan / Answer: D
= RM1 200 × 12
= RM14 400 3. Rebat cukai / Tax rebate
Cukai pintu / Property assessment tax (i) Zakat = RM120
= RM14 400 × 5.5% (ii) Pendapatan bercukai  RM35 000
= RM792.00 Chargeable income  RM35 000
Rebat / Rebate = RM400
I 1. Cukai tanah di bandar A / Quit rent in city A Jumlah rebat / Total rebate
= RM0.35 × 232 = RM120 + RM400
= RM81.20 = RM520
Cukai tanah di bandar B / Quit rent in city B Jawapan / Answer: D
= RM0.40 × 232
= RM92.80 4. Cukai asas / Base tax = RM150
Cukai atas baki / Tax on next balance
J 1. Cukai jualan / Sales tax = (RM32 450 – RM20 000) × 0.03
= RM1 089.00 × 10% = RM373.50
= RM108.90 Rebat / Rebate = RM400
Cukai pendapatan / Income tax
Harga barang / Price of goods
= RM150 + RM373.50 – RM400
= RM1 089.00 + RM108.90
= RM123.50
= RM1 197.90
Jawapan / Answer: A

Kertas 2 Pendapatan bercukai / Chargeable income

= RM142 800 – RM31 380
1. (a) Pendapatan tahunan / Annual income = RM111 420
= RM61 800 + RM81 000
Cukai asas / Base tax:
= RM142 800
= RM10 900
Pelepasan & pengecualian cukai Cukai atas baki
Tax relief & tax exemption: Tax on next balance
= (RM111 420 – RM100 000) × 0.24
Individu = RM2 740.80
RM9 000
Individual Cukai pendapatan / Income tax
Anak 18 tahun ke atas = RM10 900 + RM2 740.80
RM8 000 = RM13 640.80
Child 18 years and above
Anak di bawah 18 tahun (b) Melakukan pentaksiran cukai pendapatan secara berasingan
RM2 000
Child below 18 years akan lebih menjimatkan.
Separate income tax assessments will help them reduce the
KWSP
RM4 000 tax payable.
EPF
Premium insurans hayat
RM2 880
Life insurance premiums
Gaya hidup
RM2 500
Lifestyle
Derma
RM3 000
Donations
Jumlah / Total RM31 380

JAWAPAN
BAB C 1. AB = DE dan AC = DC, tetapi BC ≠ CE. Maka, segi tiga itu
Kekongruenan, Pembesaran dan Gabungan tidak kongruen.
5 Transformasi
Congruency, Enlargement and Combined Transformations
AB = DE and AC = DC, but BC ≠ CE. Therefore, the triangles
are not congruent.
2. WX = YZ = 6 cm
Kekongruenan WZ = YX = 7 cm
5.1 XZ ialah sisi sepunya dua segi tiga itu. Oleh itu, dua segi tiga
Congruency
itu adalah kongruen (SSS).
A 1. B, C, D XZ is a common side of the two triangles. Therefore, the
2. C, D, E triangles are congruent (SSS).
3. B, C, D 3. AB = DC
AC = DB
B 1. AB = FE = 5 cm BC ialah sisi sepunya.
AC = FD = 3 cm BC is a common side.
BC = ED = 4 cm Oleh itu / Therefore, ∆ABC ≅ ∆DCB (SSS)
Oleh itu / Therefore, ∆ABC ≅ ∆FED (SSS) 4. PQ = RS
PR ialah sisi sepunya.
2. AB = XY = 6.5 cm
PR is a common side.
BC = YZ = 5 cm
Tetapi / But QR ≠ PS
AC = XZ = 8 cm
Oleh itu, ∆PQR dan ∆PRS tidak kongruen.
Oleh itu / Therefore, ∆ABC ≅ ∆XYZ (SSS)
Therefore, ∆PQR and ∆PRS are not congruent.
3. MO = QR = 7 cm 5. ∠X = 180° – 90° – 48°
∠M = ∠Q = 45° = 42°
NM = PQ = 8 cm ∠U = ∠X = 42°
Oleh itu / Therefore, ∆MON ≅ ∆QRP (SAS) UV = XY
∠V = ∠Y = 90°
4. MN = ZY = 5 cm Oleh itu / Therefore, ∆UVW ≅ ∆XYZ (ASA)
∠N = ∠Y = 40°
ON = XY = 8 cm 6. ∠A = 180° – 45° – 80°
Oleh itu / Therefore, ∆MNO ≅ ∆ZYX (SAS) = 55°
= ∠E
5. ∠F = 180° – 100° – 50° ∠B = ∠D = 45°
= 30° ∠C = 80°
∠A = ∠F = 30° Walaupun semua sudut sepadan segi tiga itu adalah sama,
AB = FG = 7 cm saiz segi tiga tidak sama. Segi tiga itu tidak kongruen.
∠B = ∠G = 100° While all the corresponding angles of the triangles are equal,
Oleh itu / Therefore, ∆ABC ≅ ∆FGE (ASA) the size of the triangles are not the same. The triangles are
not congruent.
6. ∠K = 180° – 65° – 50°
= 65° 7. (a) ∆FGH ≅ ∆KLM
∠Q = ∠L = 65° Oleh itu / Therefore, GH = ML = 12 cm
QR = LK = 8 cm (b) ∠K = ∠F = 118°
∠R = ∠K = 65° Oleh itu / Therefore,
Oleh itu / Therefore, ∆PQR ≅ ∆JLK (ASA) 180° − 118°
∠M =
2
7. ∠L = ∠O = 35° = 31°
∠J = ∠M = 25°
JK = MN = 9 cm 8. (a) ∆MNO ≅ ∆PQR
Oleh itu / Therefore, ∆MNO ≅ ∆JKL (AAS) ∠O = ∠R = 32°
∠M = 90° – 32°
8. ∠C = 180° – 30° – 70° = 58°
= 80°
(b) MN = PQ = 9 cm
∠O = ∠B = 70°
MO2 = 122 + 92
∠N = ∠C = 80°
= 225
MN = AC = 12 cm
MO = 15 cm
Oleh itu / Therefore, ∆MNO ≅ ∆CAB (AAS)

Pembesaran 2. X dan Y tidak mempunyai bentuk yang sama. Oleh itu, Y bukan
5.2 imej bagi X di bawah satu pembesaran.
Enlargement
X and Y do no have the same shape. Therefore, Y is not the
AD BC 9 3 image of X under an enlargement.
=
D 1. = =
NO MP 12 4
CD AB 6 3 3. X dan Y mempunyai bentuk yang sama tetapi saiz yang berlainan.
= = = Oleh itu, Y ialah imej bagi X di bawah satu pembesaran.
OP MN 8 4
Semua nisbah sisi sepadan dan sudut sepadan adalah sama. X and Y have the same shape but different size. Therefore, Y
Maka, segi empat tepat ABCD dan MNOP adalah serupa. is the image of X under an enlargement.
All the ratios of the corresponding sides and corresponding
4. X dan Y tidak mempunyai bentuk yang sama. Oleh itu, Y bukan
angles are equal. Thus, rectangles ABCD and MNOP are
imej bagi X di bawah satu pembesaran.
similar.
X and Y do no have the same shape. Therefore, Y is not the
WX 4 1 YZ 2 1 image of X under an enlargement.
2.
= = = =
JK 8 2 LM 4 2
XY 3 1 WZ 3.5 1 5. X dan Y mempunyai bentuk yang sama tetapi saiz yang berlainan.
= = = = Oleh itu, Y ialah imej bagi X di bawah satu pembesaran.
KL 6 2 JM 7 2
Semua nisbah sisi sepadan dan sudut sepadan adalah sama. X and Y have the same shape but different size. Therefore, Y
Maka, JKLM dan WXYZ adalah serupa. is the image of X under an enlargement.
All the ratios of the corresponding sides and corresponding
angles are equal. Thus, JKLM and WXYZ are similar. G 1. Faktor skala / Scale factor
J′K′
AB DC 12 k =
3.
= = =2 JK
EF CG 6 4
AD BC 10 =
= = =2 2
EC FG 5
= 2
Semua nisbah sisi sepadan dan sudut sepadan adalah sama.
Maka, ABCD dan EFGC adalah serupa. 2. Faktor skala / Scale factor
All the ratios of the corresponding sides and corresponding W ′X′
angles are equal. Thus, ABCD and EFGC are similar. k =
WX
8
KL 2 1 =
=
E 1. = 2
JL 6 3 = 2
ML 5 1
= =
NL 15 3 3. Faktor skala / Scale factor
MK 2 1 A ′E′
= =
k =
NJ 6 3 AE
∠M = ∠N = 34° 3
=
∠K = ∠J = 130° 2
∠L ialah sudut sepunya. /∠L is a common angle. 1
= 1
Maka / Therefore, ∆JLN ~ ∆KLM 2
AB AE 4 1 4. Faktor skala / Scale factor
2.
= = = P ′Q′
AC AD 12 3
k =
BE 5 1 PQ
= = 2.5
CD 15 3 =
∠B = ∠C = 50° 2
∠E = ∠D = 50° 1
= 1
∠A ialah sudut sepunya. / ∠A is a common angle. 4
Maka / Therefore, ∆ABE ~ ∆ACD 5. Faktor skala / Scale factor
AB 1 Q ′R′
3. = k =
AC 2 QR
AE 1 1
= =
AD 2 3
BE 6 1 6. Faktor skala / Scale factor
= =
CD 12 2 A ′F′
∠E = ∠D = 53°
k =
AF
∠B = ∠C = 74° 4
=
∠A ialah sudut sepunya. 6
∠A is a common angle. 2
=
Maka / Therefore, ∆ABE ~ ∆ACD 3
7. Faktor skala / Scale factor
F 1. X dan Y mempunyai bentuk yang sama tetapi saiz yang
P ′Q′
berlainan. Oleh itu, Y ialah imej bagi X di bawah satu
k = −
PQ
pembesaran.
4
X and Y have the same shape but different size. They are similar = −
2
triangles. Therefore, Y is the image of X under an enlargement.
= −2

8. Faktor skala / Scale factor 5.

U ′V′ D′ E′
k = −
UV
3
= − A′
9
1
= −
3 C′ B′
O
H 1. B C
A′
A
E D

A
I 1.
C′
B′ Q′
B
C
O P′ Q
P
O
R R′
T′ T
2.
P′ S
Q′
S′

N
M 2.
O
Q
P M′
N′ B′ C′

B C
3.
R′
A′ A O

U′ S′
Q′
3.
X X′ O
R
P′ Q S T′
U
P T
Y′
O

Y Z′
4. W′
Q′ R′
W Z

Q R
4.
P′ P S S′
O K′
U T L′ J′
M′
U′ T′ O
J L

J 1. 2. Faktor skala / Scale factor, k

12
=
192
1
P
=
Q 16
O 1
=
4
J ′K′ 12
3. k == =3
JK 4
Luas J′K′L′O / Area of J′K′L′O
= 32 × 7
= 63 cm2
Q ialah imej bagi P kerana semua garis yang menyambungkan A ′E′ 8 4
titik sepadan pada objek dan imej bertemu di satu titik O. 4. k == =
AE 6 3
Q is the image of P as all the lines connecting the corresponding
Luas A′B′C′D′E′
points on the object and image meet at a point O.
Area of A′B′C′D′E′
4 2
2. =
3  
× 27
16
= × 27
9
= 48 cm2
M ′O′ 9
5. k =
= =3
Q P MO 3
Luas ∆MNO
Area of ∆MNO
45
= 2
3
= 5 cm2
Q bukan imej bagi P kerana garis-garis yang menyambungkan Z ′O′
titik sepadan pada objek dan imej tidak bertemu di satu titik. 6. k =
ZO
Q is not the image of P as the lines connecting the corresponding 15
points on the object and image do not meet at a point. =
15 − 10
15
3. =
5
= 3
P Luas objek XYZO
Area of object XYZO
63
= 2
3
= 7 cm2
O
L 1. (a) (i)
J A
Q
M

Q ialah imej bagi P kerana semua garis yang menyambungkan
O N
titik sepadan pada objek dan imej bertemu di satu titik O. K L
Q is the image of P as all the lines connecting the corresponding
points on the object and image meet at a point O. X
F E
K 1. Faktor skala / Scale factor, k O

B
Y Z C D
12
=
48
1 Garis AX, BZ dan CY yang menghubung bucu-bucu
=
4 sepadan ∆XYZ dan ∆ABC bertemu di satu titik O.
1 Maka, ∆XYZ ialah objek bagi ∆ABC di bawah suatu
=
2 pembesaran.
The lines AX, BZ and CY connecting the corresponding
vertices of ∆XYZ and ∆ABC meet at a point O.
Therefore, ∆XYZ is the object of ∆ABC under an
enlargement.

(ii)
Faktor skala / Scale factor, k 3. (4, 2)
AC y
=
XY
7 8
=
2
1 P
=3 6
2
(b) Luas imej = k2 × luas objek
Area of image = k2 × area of object 4
Luas ∆ABC / Area of ∆ABC
7 2
=
2
×8   2 (4, 2)
= 98 cm2 x
–4 –2 0 2 4
(c) Luas kawasan berlorek
Area of shaded region 4. (5, –3)
= luas ∆ABC – luas segi empat tepat CDEF
area of ∆ABC – area of rectangle CDEF y
= 98 cm2 – 32 cm2
= 66 cm2 4
2
Gabungan Transformasi P
5.3
Combined Transformations
x
–2 0 2 4 6
M 1. (2, 6)
y –2
(5, –3)
(2, 6)
6 –4

4 5. (2, –1)
y
2
4
x
–4 –2 0 2 4 P
2
–2
P
x
0 2 4 6 8
2. (3, 6) (2, –1)
–2
y
8 –4

(3, 6)
6 6. (–2, –3)
y
4
4
P
2
P x
–4 –2 0 2 4
x
–2 0 2 4 6
–2
(–2, –3)
–4
–6


N 1. (4, –2) 5. (–2, 4)
y y
(–2, 4)
4 4
y=3
L x=1
2 2
x x
0 –4 –2 0 2 4
–2 2 4 6
–2 (4, –2) –2
L
–4 –4

2. (–2, –6) O 1. (3, –5)

y y
x=1
L x = –1
2 2
P
x x
–4 –2 0 2 4
–4 –2 0 2 4
–2 –2
y = –2
–4 –4
(–2, –6) –6 (3, –5)

–6

3. (1, –1) 2. (5, 7)
y y
6 8
L
(5, 7)
4 6
y=2
2 4
y=3
x 2
–4 –2 0 2 4
(1, –1) P
–2 x
0 2 4 6 8

4. (6, 1) 3. (5, –1)
y y
8 P
6
x=5 P
6 y=4
4
L
4 2
2 x
(6, 1) 0
–2 2 4 6
x (5, –1)
0V 2 4 6 8 –2


4. (–2, 3) 3. (1, 5)
y y x=y
8 6
B (1, 5)
6 4
4 2
(–2, 3)
2 x
–2 0 2 4 6
P
x –2
–2 0 A 2 4 6 A

5. (–3, 5) 4. (4, 5)
U y y
6 8
(–3, 5)
P D
4 6
(4, 5)
2 4
x 2
–4 –2 0 2 4
V A E
–2 x
–2 0 2 4 6

P 1. (–5, –2) 5. (2, 2)
y y
6 A 4
D (2, 2)
4 2
A
2 x
–4 –2 0 2 4
x –2
–6 –4 –2 0 2
–2 –4 E
(–5, –2)
2. (6, 5) Q 1. (4, –5)

y y
A x=4
8 2
H
6 x
–4 –2 0 2 4
(6, 5)
4 –2
2 –4
x (4, –5)
–6
0 2 4 6 8


2. (3, 7) R 1. (4, 2)
y y
8 8
(3, 7)
6 6
N
4 4
(4, 2)
2 2
H
x x
0 2 4 6 8 0
–2 2 4 6
3. (–3, 5) 2. (1, 2)
y y
6 4
(–3, 5)
(1, 2)
4 2
N
2 x
0 2 4 6 8
x –2
–4 –2 0 2 4
–2 –4
H

4. (5, 4) 3. (–3, 1)
y y
(5, 4)
4 4
2 2
(–3, 1)
180°
x x
0 2 4 6 8 –4 –2 0 2 4
–2 –2
N
H
–4 –4

5. (–4, –1) 4. (6, 8)
y y
H (6, 8)
4 8
2 6
180°
180°
x 4
–4 –2 0 8 8
(–4, –1)
–2 2
N
–4 x
0 2 4 6 8


5. (2, 4) 4. (–2, –4)

y y
V
6 4
K
(2, 4) 180°
4 2
2 180° x
–4 –2 0 2 4
x –2
–4 –2 0 2 4
N –2 (–2, –4) –4
L
S 1. (–6, 1) 5. (6, 2)
y K
y
x = –4
6 6
4
4
180° 2 (6, 2)
2
(–6, 1)
V L
x x
–2 0 2 4 6
–6 –4 –2 0 2
–2
–2 V

2. (1, –5) T 1. (1, –3)

y y
2 V
4
L
x 2
–4 –2 0 2 4 y=1
–2 x
–4 –2 0 2 4
y = –3
–4 –2
(1, –5) (1, –3)
–6 –4

3. (2, 8) 2. (2, –1)
y y
(2, 8)
8 4
y=6
6 2
4 x
–4 –2 0 2 4
2 (2, –1)
L –2
V
x –4
–4 –2 0 2 4


3. (–1, 1) The equilateral triangle and the hexagon can be used to create
y tessellations that cover a surface without any gaps. The sum
of angles at each vertex is equal to 360°.
4
W 1.
2
(–1, 1)
x
–4 –2 0 2 4
–2
L
–4

X Berdasarkan jawapan murid
4. (0, 4)
Based on pupil’s answers
y D Panduan / Guide:
8 1.

6
(0, 4)
4
2
L
E
x
–2 0 2 4 6

5. (4, –2)
y
Teselasi / Tessellation:
L D
x
0 2 4 6 8

–2 (4, –2)
2.
E –4

Teselasi / Tessellation:
Teselasi
5.4
Tessellation
U 1. Teselasi / Tessellation
2. Teselasi / Tessellation
3. Teselasi / Tessellation

4. Bukan teselasi / Not a tessellation
5. Bukan teselasi / Not a tessellation
V 1.
360
1. (a) (i) P(−2, 5) → (3, 2) → (7, −1)
360
(ii) P(−2, 5) → (2, 2) → (0,−2)
(b) (i) W ialah satu pantulan pada paksi-y.
W is reflection in the y-axis.
(ii) U ialah satu pembesaran pada pusat (0, 1) dengan faktor
Segi tiga sama sisi dan heksagon dapat menghasilkan teselasi skala 3.
dengan memenuhi satah tanpa ruang kosong. Hasil tambah U is an enlargement at point (0, 1) with a scale factor 3.
sudut-sudut pada bucu bersamaan 360°.

(c) Luas trapezium Q = k2 × Luas trapezium A Luas kawasan berlorek

Area of trapezium Q = k2 × Area of trapezium A Area of the shaded region
Luas trapezium Q / Area of trapezium Q = 50 − 12.5 = 37.5 m2
= 32 × 24
= 216 m2 3. (a) (i) (3, 4)
(ii) (4, 5)
2. (a) (i) M(2, 2) → (5, 1) → (8, 0) (b) (i) P ialah putaran 90° arah lawan jam pada pusat B.
(ii) M(2, 2) → (1, 5) → (4, 4) P is an anticlockwise rotation of 90° about B.
(b) (i) V ialah pantulan pada garis y = 2. (ii) T ialah pembesaran pada titik E dengan faktor skala 3.
V is a reflection in the line y = 2. T is an enlargement about point E with a scale factor of 3.
W ialah satu pembesaran pada titik A dengan faktor (c) Luas EFD / Area of EFD
skala 3. = k2 × Luas ABC / Area of ABC
W is an enlargement at point A with a scale factor 3. = 32 × 16
(ii) Luas AMLKJ / Area of AMLKJ = 144 m2
= k2 × Luas ABFGH / Area of ABFGH Luas kawasan berlorek
= 32 × 14 Area of the shaded region
= 126 m2 =144 − 16
Luas kawasan berlorek
= 128 m2
Area of the shaded region
= 126 – 14
4. (a) (i) H(5, 2) → (2, 4) → (−1, 6)
= 112 m2 (ii) H(5, 2) → (5, 0) → (2, 2)
(b) (i) (a) V ialah pantulan pada paksi-y.
V is a reflection in the y-axis.
PRAKTIS BERORIENTASIKAN SPM (b) U ialah pembesaran pada pusat F dengan faktor
skala 3.
Kertas 1 U is an enlargement about point E with scale factor 3.
1. (ii) Luas FLKJH / Area of FLKJH
= k2 × Luas ABCDE / Area of ABCDE
= 32 × 40
= 360 m2
Q Luas kawasan berlorek
Area of the shaded region
= 360 − 40
P = 320 m2
A 5. (a) (i) (4, 2)
B C
(ii) (1, 3) → (6, 2) → (9, 1)
D (b) (i) W ialah pantulan pada paksi-x.

W is a reflection in the x-axis.
Jawapan / Answer: D (ii) V ialah pembesaran pada pusat (4, 1) dengan faktor
skala 3.
2. N(4, 5) → (4, −1) → (6, −2) V is an enlargement about the centre (4, 1) with scale
Jawapan / Answer: B factor 3.
(c) Luas GHJ / Area of GHJ
Kertas 2
= k2 × Luas ABC / Area of ABC
1. (a) M(1, 2) → (7, 2) = 32 × 12
(b) M(1, 2) → (7, 2) → (−1, 2) = 108 m2
Luas kawasan berlorek
2. (a) (i) h = 2 Area of the shaded region
(ii) (−2, 6) → (1, 8) → (4,10) =108 − 12
(b) (i) (a) V ialah pantulan pada garis x = 1. = 96 m2
V is a reflection in the line x = 1.
(b) W ialah satu pembesaran pada pusat E dengan faktor 6. (a) (i) (2, 5)
1 (ii) G(5, 3) → (2, 5) → (2, –1)
skala .
2 (b) (i) W ialah pantulan pada garis x = 3.
W is an enlargement about the centre E with a scale W is a reflection in the line x = 3.
1 V ialah pembesaran pada pusat E dengan faktor skala 2.
factor .
2 V is an enlargement about the centre E with scale
(ii) Luas LEKJ = k2 × Luas ABCD factor 2.
Area of LEKJ = k2 × Area of ABCD (iii) Luas ELJK = k2 × Luas ABCF
Luas ABCD / Area of ABCD Area of ELJK = k2 × Area of ABCF
12.5 150
= Luas ABCF / Area of ABCF = 2
1 2
2 
2
= 37.5 m2
= 50 m2 Luas EFGH / Area of EFGH
= 37.5 m2

JAWAPAN
3.
(a) sin 81° = koordinat-y / y−coordinate = 0.988
BAB
(b) kos 81° = koordinat-x / x−coordinate = 0.156
Nisbah dan Graf Fungsi Trigonometri
6 Ratios and Graphs of Trigonometric Functions cos 81°
(c) tan 81° =

koordinat-y / y−coordinate
=
0.988
= 6.333
koordinat-x / x−coordinate 0.156
Nilai Sinus, Kosinus dan Tangen bagi Sudut θ, 0° < θ < 360°
6.1 E 1. y
The Value of Sine, Cosine and Tangent for Angle θ, 0° < θ < 360°
II I
A 1. II 2. I 3. III 4. IV
5. I 6.
IV 7. I 8. IV 203°
9. II 10.
I 11. III 12. II x
O
13. III 14.
II 15. III 16. IV
III IV
B 1. (i) Sukuan / Quadrant II
(ii) 180° – 15°= 165° Sukuan III / Quadrant III
2. (i) Sukuan / Quadrant III Negatif / Negative
(ii) 270° – 20° = 250° 2. y
3. (i) Sukuan / Quadrant IV II I
(ii) 360° – 25° = 335°
64°
4. (i) Sukuan / Quadrant III O
x
(ii) 180° + 31° = 211°
III IV
5. (i) Sukuan / Quadrant II

(ii) 180° – 72°= 108°
Sukuan I / Quadrant I
6. (i) Sukuan / Quadrant I Positif / Positive
(ii) 90° – 22°= 68°
3. y
C Nisbah koordinat-y II I
Titik Koordinat-y Koordinat-x kepada koordinat-x
Point y-coordinate x-coordinate Ratio of y-coordinate
x
to x-coordinate O
0.4 4 325°
B 0.4 –0.9 = − III IV
−0.9 9
−0.7 Sukuan IV / Quadrant IV
C –0.7 –0.7 =1
−0.7 Negatif / Negative
−0.9 9 4.
D –0.9 0.4 = − y
0.4 4
II I
167°
D 1. (a) sin 53° = koordinat-y / y−coordinate = 0.799
x
(b) kos 53° = koordinat-x / x−coordinate = 0.602 O
cos 53° III IV
koordinat-y / y−coordinate 0.799
(c) tan 53° = = = 1.327
Sukuan II / Quadrant II
2.
(a) sin 64° = koordinat-y / y−coordinate = 0.898 Negatif / Negative
(b) kos 64° = koordinat-x / x−coordinate = 0.438
cos 64°
koordinat-y / y−coordinate 0.898
(c) tan 64° = = = 2.050

5. y 4. 3 tan 60° – 4 kos 30°

3 tan 60° – 4 cos 30°
II I
3
= 3( 3) – 4
2  
x = 3 3 − 2 3
O
279°
IV
= 3
III
5. kos 180° + 2 tan 30° sin 60°
Sukuan IV / Quadrant IV cos 180° + 2 tan 30° sin 60°
Negatif / Negative 1 3
= –1 + 2
3
 
2 
6. y = –1 + 1
= 0
II I
190° 6. 4 sin 270° – kos 60° + tan 45°
x 4 sin 270° – cos 60° + tan 45°
O 1
= 4(–1) – +1
III IV 2
1
= –4 – +1
2
Sukuan III / Quadrant III 1
= –3
Negatif / Negative 2
7. y G 1. Sukuan II / Quadrant II
y
II I
II
x 146°
O α
300° x
O
III IV

Sukuan IV / Quadrant IV
Positif / Positive α = 180° – 146°
= 34°
8. y
2.
Sukuan III / Quadrant III
II I y
181°
x
O 210.1°
III IV x
α O

III
Positif / Positive
α = 210.1° – 180°
F 1. 2 kos 60° + 2 sin 90° = 30.1°
2 cos 60° + 2 sin 90°
1 3. Sukuan IV / Quadrant IV
= 2  
2
+ 2(1) y
= 1 + 2
= 3
2. 3 sin 270° + 5 tan 45° O
x
α
= 3(–1) + 5(1) 286.3°
= –3 + 5 IV
= 2
3. 2 kos 45° – 3 tan 360° α = 360° – 286.3°
= 73.7°
2 cos 45° – 3 tan 360°
1
= 2
2
 
– 3(0)
= 1 – 0
= 1

4. Sukuan II / Quadrant II 3. y
y
II 194.3°
98.7° x
α 14.3° O
x
O
III
tan = (+)

tan 194.3° = tan (194.3° – 180°)
α = 180° – 98.7° = tan 14.3°
= 81.3° = 0.2549
5.
Sukuan IV / Quadrant IV 4. y
y
x
O 19°
α x
O 341°
345° IV
IV kos = (+)

kos 341° = kos (360° – 341°
α = 360° – 345° cos 341° = cos (360° − 341°)
= 15° = kos 19° / cos 19°
= 0.9455
6.
y 5. y
252°
x x
O 278° O
α 82°
III IV
sin = (–)
α = 252° – 180° sin 278° = –sin (360° – 278°)
= 72° = –sin 82°
= –0.9903
H 1. y
6. y
II
217° 145°
tan = (–)
x 35°
37° O x
O
III
sin = (–)

sin 217° = –sin (217° – 180°) tan 145° = –tan (180° – 145°)
= –sin 37° = –tan 35°
= –0.6018 = –0.7002
2. y 7. y
II II
65° 115° kos = (–) 121°
kos = (–) 59°
x x
O O

kos 115° / cos 115° kos 121° = –kos (180° – 121°)
= –kos (180° – 115°) cos 121° = −cos (180° − 121°)
−cos (180° − 115°) = –kos 59° / −cos 59°
= –kos 65° / −cos 65° = –0.5150
= –0.4226

8. y K 1. α = kos−1 0.6731 = 47.69°

sin = (+) cos−1 0.6731
II
170.4° y
x I
9.6° O
47.69°
x
O
47.69°
sin 170.4° = sin (180° – 170.4°) IV
= sin 9.6°
= 0.1668 θ = 47.69°, 360° – 47.69°
= 47.69°, 312.31°
I 1. sin 187° + kos 209°
= –sin (187° – 180°) – kos (209° – 180°) 2. α = sin−1 0.3452 = 20.19°
= –sin 7° – kos 29° y
= –0.1219 – 0.8746
= –0.9965
2. 3 tan 201° – 2 sin 234° x
20.19° O 20.19°
= 3 tan (201° – 180°) – 2[–sin (234° – 180°)]
= 3 tan 21° + 2 sin 54° III IV
= 1.1516 + 1.6180
= 2.7696
θ = 180° + 20.19°, 360° – 20.19°
3. kos 304° + 2 tan 195° = 200.19°, 339.81°
= kos (360° – 304°) + 2 tan (195° – 180°)
3. α = tan−1 1 = 45°
= kos 56° + 2 tan 15°
y
= 0.5592 + 0.5359 II
= 1.0951
4. sin 351° + kos 132° 45°
= –sin (360° – 351°) – kos (180° – 132°) x
O 45°
= –sin 9° – kos 48°
= –0.1564 – 0.6691
= –0.8255 IV
5. 6 sin 229° – 2 tan 146° θ = 180° – 45°, 360° – 45°

= –6 sin (229° – 180°) – 2[–tan (180° – 146°)] = 135°, 315°
= –6 sin 49° + 2 tan 34° 4. α = kos−1 0.7921 = 37.62°
= –4.5283 + 1.3490 cos−1 0.7921
= –3.1793 y
6. kos 293° – 3 tan 228° II
= kos (360° – 293°) – 3 tan (228° – 180°)
= kos 67° – 3 tan 48° 37.62°
x
= 0.3907 – 3.3318 37.62° O
= –2.9411
1 III
7.
tan 185° + sin 114°
2
1 θ = 180° – 37.62°, 180° + 37.62°
= tan (185° – 180°) + sin (180° – 114°) = 142.38°, 217.62°
2
1
= tan 5° + sin 66° 5. α = sin−1 0.5682 = 34.62°
2
y
= 0.0437 + 0.9135
II I
= 0.9572
34.62° 34.62°
J 1. tan 235° 41′ = 1.465 x
O
2. kos 223.4° / cos 223.4° = –0.7266
3. tan 320.8° = –0.8156
4. sin 315° 24′ = –0.7022 θ = 34.62°, 180° – 34.62°
= 34.62°, 145.38°
5. kos 277.3° / cos 277.3° = 0.1271
6. sin 170° = 0.1736

6. α = tan−1 2.764 = 70.11° 3.

α = kos−1 0.2675 = 74.48°
y cos−1 0.2675
I θ terletak dalam sukuan II.
θ lies in quadrant II.
70.11° y
x
O II
70.11°
74.48°
III
O
x
θ = 70.11°, 180° + 70.11°
= 70.11°, 250.11°
7. α = sin−1 0.5 = 30° ∴ θ = 180° – 74.48°
= 105.52°
y
4. α = sin−1 0.9336 = 69°
θ terletak dalam sukuan I atau II.
θ lies in quadrant I or II.
x y
30° O 30°
II I
III IV
69°
69°
θ = 180° + 30°, 360° – 30° x
O
= 210°, 330°
8. α = kos−1 0.5 = 60°
y ∴ θ = 69°, 180° – 69°
II
= 69°, 111°
5. α = tan−1 0.6249 = 32°
60° θ terletak di sukuan II atau IV.
x θ lies in quadrant II or IV.
60° O
y
III II

θ = 180° – 60°, 180° + 60°
32°
= 120°, 240° x
O 32°
L 1. α = sin−1 0.7071 = 45°

θ terletak dalam sukuan III.
θ lies in quadrant III. ∴ θ = 180° – 32°, 360° – 32°
y
= 148°, 328°
6. α = kos−1 0.5736 = 55°
cos−1 0.5736
θ terletak di sukuan I atau IV.
x θ lies in quadrant I or IV.
O
45°
y
III
I

∴ θ = 180° + 45° = 225° 55°
x
2. α = tan−1 4.671 = 77.92° O 55°
θ terletak dalam sukuan I atau III. IV
θ lies in quadrant I or III.
y ∴ θ = 55°, 360° – 55°
= 55°, 305°
I
77.92° M 1. (a) sin θ = –sin ∠KML sin θ = (–), θ berada
x dalam sukuan IV,
O KM = 62 + 8 2 270°  θ  360°
77.92°
= 10 cm sin θ = (–), θ lies in
III
KL quadrant IV,
sin θ = −
KM 270°  θ  360°
∴ θ = 77.92°, 180° + 77.92° 6
= −
= 77.92°, 257.92° 10
3
= −
5

(b) kos θ = kos ∠KML kos θ = (+), θ berada Graf Fungsi Sinus, Kosinus dan Tangen
cos θ = cos ∠KML 6.2
dalam sukuan IV, The Graphs of Sine, Cosine and Tangent Functions
LM 270°  θ  360°
=
KM cos θ = (–), θ lies in N 1. (a)
8 quadrant IV,
=
10 270°  θ  360° x 0° 45° 90° 135° 180° 225° 270° 315° 360°
4
=
5
y 1 0.71 0 −0.71 −1 −0.71 0 0.71 1
2.
(a) AC = 252 − 242
= 7 cm (b)
tan x = (–), x berada y
tan x = –tan ∠ADC dalam sukuan II,
7 1 y = kos x
= − 90°  θ  180° y = cos x
24 tan x = (–), x lies in
(b) kos x = –kos ∠ADC quadrant II,
x
90°  θ  180° 0 90° 180° 270° 360°
cos x = –cos ∠ADC
24 kos x = (–), x berada
= − –1
25 dalam sukuan II,
90°  θ  180°
3.
(a) PS = 302 − 182 cos x = (–), x lies in (c)
= 24 cm quadrant II,
1 90°  θ  180°
QS = (24)
2
= 12 cm Lengkung berterusan
Continuous curve
(b) QR = 12 + 5 2 2
= 13 cm 360°
kos x = –kos ∠RQS kos x = (–), x berada
dalam sukuan II, 1
cos x = –cos ∠RQS
90°  θ  180°
12 cos x = (–), x lies in
= −
13 quadrant II, 1
(c) sin y = sin ∠PTS 90°  θ  180°
24 –1
= sin y = (+), y berada
30 dalam sukuan II,
4 90°, 270°
= 90°  θ  180°
5 sin y = (+), y lies in
quadrant II, 1
1
4.
(a) BC = (8) 90°  θ  180°
2
= 4 cm 2.
(a)
kos x = (–), x berada
kos x = –kos ∠ACB x 0° 45° 90° 135° 180° 225° 270° 315° 360°
dalam sukuan II,
cos x = –cos ∠ACB
90°  θ  180°
4 cos x = (–), x lies in Tidak Tidak
= −
5 quadrant II, y 0 1 tertakrif –1 0 1 tertakrif –1 0
90°  θ  180° Undefined Undefined
(b) AB = 5 − 4
2 2
= 3 cm (b)
tan y = (–), y berada y
tan y = –tan ∠ADB
dalam sukuan II, y = tan x
3
= − 90°  θ  180°
8 tan y = (–), y lies in 1
(c) kos x + tan y quadrant II,
90°  θ  180° x
cos x + tan y 0 45° 90° 135°180° 225°270°315° 360°
4 3
= − + −
5  
8
–1
47
= −
40

(c) 2. (a)
x 0° 45° 90° 135° 180° 225° 270° 315° 360°

Lengkung tidak berterusan
Not continuous curve y 4 1 –2 1 4 1 –2 1 4
180°
(b) Graf fungsi y = 3 kos 2x + 1
Graph of function y = 3 cos 2x + 1
Tiada / None
y
y = 3 kos 2x + 1
 y = 3 cos 2x + 1
4
−
1
0°, 180°, 360° 0 x
45° 90° 135° 180° 225° 270°315° 360°
–2
0

3. (a) y (c)
y = kos x y = 3 kos 2x + 1
1 y = 3 cos 2x + 1
y = cos x
0.71
225° a=3
0 amplitud / amplitude = 3
45°
–0.71
y = sin x
b=2
–1 tempoh / period = 180°

c=1
(b) (i) (45°, 0.71), (225°, –0.71)
graf beranjak 1 unit ke atas / the graph
(ii) sin x = kos x = 0.71 dan −0.71
moves 1 unit upwards
sin x = cos x = 0.71 and −0.71
iaitu, apabila x = 45° dan 225°
3.
(a)
that is, when x = 45° and 225°
O 1. (a) x 0° 45° 90° 135° 180° 225° 270° 315° 360°
x 0° 45° 90° 135° 180° 225° 270° 315° 360° y 3 – 3 – 3 – 3 – 3
y –1 3 –1 –5 –1 3 –1 –5 –1
(b) Graf fungsi y = 2 tan 2x + 3
Graph of function y = 2 tan 2x + 3
(b) Graf fungsi y = 4 sin 2x – 1 y
Graph of function y = 4 sin 2x – 1 y = 2 tan 2x + 3
y
3
y = 4 sin 2x – 1
3
x
0 x 0 45° 90° 135° 180° 225° 270° 315° 360°
–1 45° 90° 135° 180° 225° 270°315° 360°

–5
(c)
y = 2 tan 2x + 3
(c)
y = 4 sin 2x – 1
a=2
a=4 amplitud / amplitude = tiada/none
amplitud / amplitude = 4
b=2
b=2 tempoh / period = 90°
tempoh / period = 180°
c=3
c = –1 graf beranjak 3 unit ke atas / the graph
graf beranjak 1 unit ke bawah / the graph moves 3 units upwards
moves 1 unit downwards

4.
(a)
x 0° 45° 90° 135° 180° 225° 270° 315° 360°
Kertas 1
y –2 –2.6 –4 –5.4 –6 –5.4 –4 –2.6 –2 1. Di titik P, y = 0. Maka, sudut di titik P = 90°.
Q ialah titik minimum. Maka, sudut di titik Q = 180°.
(b) Graf fungsi y = 2 kos x – 4 At point P, y = 0. Thus, angle at point P = 90°.
Graph of function y = 2 cos x – 4 Q is minimum point. Thus, angle at point Q = 180°.
y Jawapan / Answer: D
2. kos ∠SRT = 0.5

x
0 45° 90° 135° 180° 225° 270°315° 360° 4
–2 = 0.5
x
–4 y = 2 kos x – 4 x = 8 cm
–6 y = 2 cos x – 4 Jawapan / Answer: B

(c) 3. y
y = 2 kos x – 4
y = 2 cos x – 4
a=2 θ
amplitud / amplitude = 2 0.7071
x
O α
b=1
0.7071
tempoh / period = 360°
c = –4 K(0.7071, –0.7071)

graf beranjak 4 unit ke bawah / the graph
0.7071
moves 4 units downwards tan α = −
0.7071
= –1
P 1. y = sin 2x α = 45°
p=1 ∴ θ = 360° – 45°
q = 90° = 315°
r = –1 Jawapan / Answer: C
2. (a) x = 45°, 225°
4. A 268° (Sukuan / Quadrant III)
(b) x = 0°, 180°, 360°
B 290° (Sukuan / Quadrant IV)
3. (a) w = 2 C 306° (Sukuan / Quadrant IV)
(b) x = 90°, 270° D 335° (Sukuan / Quadrant IV)
Jawapan / Answer: A
4. (a) h (cm)
5. sin y = –0.9063, 90°  y  270°
6 (Sukuan / Quadrant III)
α = sin–1 0.9063 = 65°
t (s) ∴ y = 180° + 65°
0 3 6 9 12 = 245°
Jawapan / Answer: C
–6

tan 45° 1
6. × 2 tan 60° = ×2 3
(b) a = 6 sin 30° 1
360 2
b = = 120
3 =2×2 3
=4 3
PRAKTIS BERPANDU SPM Jawapan / Answer: D
7. y = tan x + 1
1. sin x = 0.5 Pintasan-y = 1
Maka, x berada dalam sukuan I dan II. Apabila x = 180°, y = 0 + 1 = 1
Thus, x lies in quadrant I and II. y-intercept = 1
When x = 180°, y = 0 + 1 = 1.
sin−1 0.5 = 30°
Jawapan / Answer: C
∴ x = 30°, 180° − 30°
= 30°, 150°
Maka, penyelesaian yang lain bagi x ialah 150°.
Thus, the other solution of x is 150°.

K
8. ∠M : ∠K = 3 : 2 1
12. 2 kos 45° + 8 sin 30° = 2 × +8× 1
∠M + ∠K = 90° 2x 2 2
3x + 2x = 90° 2 cos 45° + 8 sin 30°
5x = 90° =1+4
x = 18° 3x =5
L M Jawapan / Answer: D
Maka / Thus, ∠M = 3(18°) = 54°
∠K = 2(18°) = 36°
KL 13. Daripada graf, p = 45° dan q = 225°
tan ∠M = From the graph, p = 45° and q = 225°
14
KL 2q – 3p = 2(225°) – 3(45°)
tan 54° = = 450° – 135°
14
KL = 14 tan 54° = 315°
= 19.27 cm Jawapan / Answer: B
Jawapan / Answer: D
Kertas 2
9. sin t = sin 26°, 90°  t  270° KM
Oleh sebab sin 26° bernilai positif, maka t terletak dalam 1. sin x =
30
sukuan II. 4 KM
Since sin 26° is positive, thus t lies in quadrant II. =
5 30
t = 180° – 26° 120
= 154° KM =
5
Jawapan / Answer: C = 24 cm
5 1
10. tan x = , 180°  x  270°
KL = (24)
12 2
(Sukuan / Quadrant III) = 12 cm
MN = 302 − 242
122 + 52 = 13

= 18 cm
5
2
JK = MN
x 3
12 2
= (18)
3
Dalam sukuan III, kos x dan sin x adalah negatif.
= 12 cm
In quadrant III, cos x and sin x are negative.
12 5 Sudut y terletak dalam sukuan II.
kos x + sin x = − −
13 13 Oleh itu, tan y adalah negatif.
cos x + sin x
17 The angle y lies in quadrant II.
= − Thus, tan y is negative.
13
Jawapan / Answer: B KL
∴ tan y = −
JK
11. 12
T = −
12
x 10 cm = –1
S R
m 3
6 cm 8c 2. ST = RT
5
6 cm 3
= (10)
5
P Q
=6m
Sudut x terletak dalam sukuan II. RS = 10 – 6 = 4 m
Maka, tan x adalah negatif. SU = 42 + 52
The angle x lies in quadrant II.
= 6.403 m
Thus, tan x is negative.
8 ∠θ terletak dalam sukuan IV. Maka, kos θ = (+)
tan x = −
6 ∠θ lies in quadrant IV. Thus, cos θ = (+)
4 5
= − ∴ kos θ =
3 6.403
cos θ
Jawapan / Answer: A
= 0.7809

JAWAPAN
3.
BAB
Sukatan Serakan Data Terkumpul Had Had Sempadan Sempadan
7 Measures of Dispersion for Grouped Data Luas (cm2)

Area (cm2)
Bawah
Lower
Atas
Upper
Bawah
Lower
Atas
Upper
Limit Limit Boundary Boundary
Serakan 49.9 + 50.0 50.3 + 50.4

7.1 50.0 – 50.3 50.0 50.3 2 2
Dispersion
= 49.95 = 50.35
A 50.3 + 50.4 50.7 + 50.8
50.4 – 50.7 50.4 50.7 2 2
1. 10 – 19 20 – 29 30 – 39 40 – 49 50 – 59 = 50.35 = 50.75
2. 1 – 10 11 – 20 21 – 30 31 – 40 41 – 50 50.7 + 50.8 51.1 + 51.2
50.8 – 51.1 50.8 51.1 2 2
3. 150 – 154 155 – 159 160 – 164 165 – 169 170 – 174 = 50.75 = 51.15
4. 7.1 – 8.0 8.1 – 9.0 9.1 – 10.0 10.1 – 11.0 11.1 – 12.0

C 1.
B 1. Umur Saiz selang
Sempadan Sempadan
(tahun) kelas Titik
Jarak Had Had Sempadan Sempadan bawah atas
Age Size of tengah
(km) Bawah Atas Bawah Atas Lower Upper
(years class Midpoint
Distance Lower Upper Lower Upper boundary boundary
old) interval
(km) Limit Limit Boundary Boundary
1 1 1
0+1 10 + 11 (4 + 5) (10 + 11) 10.5 – 4.5 (5 + 10)
1 – 10 1 10 = 0.5 = 10.5 5 – 10 2 2 2
2 2 =6
= 4.5 = 10.5 = 7.5
10 + 11 20 + 21 1 1 1
11 – 20 11 20 = 10.5 = 20.5 (10 + 11) (16 + 17) (11 + 16)
2 2 16.5 – 10.5
11 – 16 2 2 2
=6
20 + 21 30 + 31 = 10.5 = 16.5 = 13.5
21 – 30 21 30 = 20.5 = 30.5
2 2 1 1 1
(16 + 17) (22 + 23) 22.5 – 16.5 (17 + 22)
17 – 22 2 2 2
2. =6
= 16.5 = 22.5 = 19.5
Had Had Sempadan Sempadan
Diameter Bawah Atas Bawah Atas 2.
(cm) Lower Upper Lower Upper Saiz
Limit Limit Boundary Boundary Sempadan Sempadan selang
Panjang Titik
2.0 + 2.1 2.5 + 2.6 bawah atas kelas
Length tengah
2.1 – 2.5 2.1 2.5 2 2 Lower Upper Size of
(m) Midpoint
= 2.05 = 2.55 boundary boundary class
interval
2.5 + 2.6 3.0 + 3.1
2.6 – 3.0 2.6 3.0 2 2 2.29 + 2.30 2.34 + 2.35 2.345 – 2.30 + 2.34
2.30 –
= 2.55 = 3.05 2 2 2.295 2
2.34
= 2.295 = 2.345 = 0.05 = 2.32
3.0 + 3.1 3.5 + 3.6
3.1 – 3.5 3.1 3.5 2 2 2.34 + 2.35 2.39 + 2.40 2.395 – 2.35 + 2.39
2.35 –
= 3.05 = 3.55 2 2 2.345 2
2.39
= 2.345 = 2.395 = 0.05 = 2.37
2.39 + 2.40 2.44 + 2.45 2.445 – 2.40 + 2.44
2.40 –
2 2 2.395 2
2.44
= 2.395 = 2.445 = 0.05 = 2.42

D 1. E 1.
Kekerapan / Frequency
Kekerapan longgokan
Cumulative frequency
Sempadan bawah
Lower boundary
Upper boundary
Sempadan atas
40
Kekerapan
Frequency
Jisim (kg)
Mass (kg)
30
20
10
0
1 – 10 6 0.5 10.5 6 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Masa (minit) / Time (minutes)
11 – 20 3 10.5 20.5 9
2. Kekerapan/ Frequency
21 – 30 7 20.5 30.5 16
12
31 – 40 1 30.5 40.5 17 10
41 – 50 4 40.5 50.5 21 8
51 – 60 9 50.5 60.5 30 6
Histogram: 4
Histogram:
Kekerapan / Frequency 2
10 0
10.5 20.5 30.5 40.5 50.5 60.5 70.5 80.5 90.5
8 Jisim (kg)/ Mass (kg)
6 3. Kekerapan/ Frequency
4 14
12
2
10
0
0.5 10.5 20.3 30.5 40.5 50.5 60.5
Jisim (kg) / Mass (kg) 8
Histogram longgokan: 6
Cumulative histogram:
4
Kekerapan longgokan/Cumulative frequency
30 2
25 0
22 32 42 52 62 72 82 92
Jarak yang dilalui (km)
20 Distance travelled (km)
15 F 1. (a) Taburan A mempunyai bentuk loceng, manakala taburan

B adalah pencong ke kiri.
10
The distribution of A is a bell shape, whereas distribution
of B is skewed to the left.
5
(b) Serakan data B adalah lebih luas berbanding dengan
0
serakan data A.
0.5 10.5 20.3 30.5 40.5 50.5 60.5 The dispersion of data B is more widely than the dispersion
Jisim (kg) / Mass (kg)
of data A.
(c) Tempat A ialah kedai runcit kerana menjual ikan dengan
jisim yang lebih kecil dan tempat B ialah pasar kerana
menjual ikan dengan jisim yang lebih besar.
Place A is a grocery shop because the masses of fish sold
are smaller and place B is a market because the masses
of fish sold are bigger.

2. (a) Taburan masa bagi kelas 5 Cergas adalah hampir seragam Persentil ke-10 / 10th percentile
manakala bagi kelas 5 Bijak pula berbentuk loceng dan 10
= × 60 = 6
mempunyai nilai ekstrem. 100
The times of 5 Cergas are distributed approximately uniform ∴ P10 = 13.5
whereas 5 Bijak have a bell-shaped distribution with an
extreme value. Persentil ke-50 / 50th percentile
50
(b) Taburan masa untuk kelas 5 Cergas adalah lebih luas = × 60 = 30
100
berbanding dengan serakan masa kelas 5 Bijak.
∴ P50 = 28.5
The times of 5 Cergas are more widely dispersed than the
times of 5 Bijak. Persentil ke-80 / 80th percentile
(c) 5 Cergas 80
= × 60 = 48
100
G 1. ∴ P80 = 34.5
Kekerapan
Jarak (km) 2.
Median, Q2
Kekerapan Sempadan Atas Longgokan
Distance
502 / 502
th
Frequency Upper Boundary Cumulative = nilai ke- value
(km)
Frequency
1 = nilai ke-25 / 25th value
0–4 0 (4 + 5) = 4.5 0 = 48.5
2
1 Kuartil pertama/First quartile, Q1
5 – 10 3 (10 + 11) = 10.5 3
2 50 50 th
1
= nilai ke-
4
/
4   
value
11 – 16 6 (16 + 17) = 16.5 3+6=9
2 = nilai ke-12.5 / 12.5th value
1 = 43.5
17 – 22 15 (22 + 23) = 22.5 9 + 15 = 24
2
Kuartil ketiga/Third quartile, Q3
1 3 3
  
th
23 – 28 11 (28 + 29) = 28.5 24 + 11 = 35 = nilai ke- × 50 / × 50 value
2 4 4
1 = nilai ke-37.5 / 37.5th value
29 – 34 7 (34 + 35) = 34.5 35 + 7 = 42
2 = 54
1
35 – 40 3 (40 + 41) = 40.5 42 + 3 = 45 Persentil ke-10 / 10th percentile
2
10
= × 50 = 5
Kekerapan longgokan/ Cumulative frequency 100
∴ P10 = 39.5
50
Persentil ke-50 / 50th percentile
40 50
= × 50 = 25
100
30 ∴ P50 = 48.5
Persentil ke-80 / 80th percentile
20
80
= × 50 = 40
100
10
∴ P80 = 55
0
4.5 10.5 16.5 23.5 38.5 34.5 40.5 Sukatan Serakan
Jarak (km)/ Distance (km) 7.2
Measures of Dispersion
H 1. Median, Q2 I 1. (a)
60 60 th

= nilai ke-
2   
/
2
value Skor
Titik tengah
Midpoint
Kekerapan
Frequency fx fx2
= nilai ke-30 / 30th value Score
(x) (f )
= 28.5
0–9 4.5 3 13.5 60.75
Kuartil pertama/First quartile, Q1
10 – 19 14.5 4 58 841
60 60 th
= nilai ke-
4   
/
4
value
20 – 29 24.5 12 294 7 203
= nilai ke-15 / 15th value 30 – 39 34.5 10 345 11 902.5
= 21
40 – 49 44.5 4 178 7 921
Kuartil ketiga/Third quartile, Q3
3 3 50 – 59 54.5 3 163.5 8 910.75
  
th
= nilai ke- × 60 / × 60 value
4 4 Σfx Σfx2
= nilai ke-45 / 45th value Σf = 36
= 1 052 = 36 839
= 34

(b) Julat/Range = 54.5 – 4.5 Σfx

(c) Min/Mean, x‾ =
= 50 Σf
2 226
364 / 364 =
th
Q1 = nilai ke- value 48
= nilai ke-9 / 9th value = 46.38
Σfx2
= 22 Varians/Variance, σ2 = − x‾ 2
Σf
3 3
  
th
Q3 = nilai ke- × 36 / × 36 value 132 312 2 226 2
4 4 =
48
− 
48 
= nilai ke-27 / 27th value
= 36.5 = 605.86
Julat antara kuartil/Interquartile range Sisihan piawai/Standard deviation, σ
= Q3 – Q1 Σfx2
= 36.5 – 22 = − x‾ 2
Σf
= 14.5
= 605.86
Σfx = 24.61
Σf
1 052 3.
(a)
=
36 Jejari Titik tengah Kekerapan
= 29.22 Radius Midpoint Frequency fx fx2
Σfx2 (cm) (x) (f )
Varians/Variance, σ2 = − x‾ 2
Σf 1.00 – 1.04 1.02 2 2.04 2.0808
36 839 1 052 2
=
36
−
36   1.05 – 1.09 1.07 4 4.28 4.5796
= 169.37 1.10 – 1.14 1.12 8 8.96 10.0352
Sisihan piawai/Standard deviation, σ 1.15 – 1.19 1.17 15 17.55 20.5335
Σfx2 1.20 – 1.24 1.22 20 24.4 29.768
= − x‾ 2
Σf 1.25 – 1.29 1.27 7 8.89 11.2903
= 169.37 1.30 – 1.34 1.32 4 5.28 6.9696
= 13.01
Σfx Σfx2
2.
(a) Σf = 60
= 71.4 = 85.257
Untung Titik tengah Kekerapan
Profit Midpoint Frequency fx fx2 (b) Julat/Range = 1.32 – 1.02
(RM) (x) (f ) = 0.3
60 60 th
0 – 14 7 5 35 245 Q1 = nilai ke-
4   
/
4
value
15 – 29 22 8 176 3 872 = nilai ke-15 / 15th value
30 – 44 37 10 370 13 690 = 1.15
3 3
  
th
45 – 59 52 12 624 32 448 Q3 = nilai ke- × 60 / × 60 value
4 4
60 – 74 67 6 402 26 934 = nilai ke-45 / 45th value
75 – 89 82 4 328 26 896 = 1.235
90 – 104 97 3 291 28 227 Julat antara kuartil/Interquartile range
2
= Q3 – Q1
Σfx Σfx = 1.235 – 1.15
Σf = 48
= 2 226 = 132 312 = 0.085
(b) Julat/Range = 97 – 7 Σfx

= 90 Σf
48 48 th 71.4
Q1 = nilai ke-
4   
/
4
value =
60
= nilai ke-12 / 12th value = 1.19
= 28 Σfx2
Varians/Variance, σ2 = − x‾ 2
3 3 Σf
  
th
Q3 = nilai ke- × 48 / × 48 value 85.257
4 4 = – 1.192
60
= 62.5 = 0.00485
Julat antara kuartil/Interquartile range Sisihan piawai/Standard deviation, σ

= Q3 – Q1 Σfx2
= − x‾ 2
= 62.5 – 28 Σf
= 34.5 = 0.00485
= 0.0696

J 1. Nilai minimum K 1. (a)

19.5
Minimum value Pasukan Pahlawan
1 Team Pahlawan
Kuartil pertama (Q1) × 60 = 15
4 Titik
First quartile Kekerapan
Q1 = 41.5 Tengah
Frequency x2 fx fx2
1 Midpoint
Median × 60 = 30 (f )
2 (x)
Median
Q2 = 50.5 14.5 2 210.25 29 420.5
3 24.5 4 600.25 98 2 401
Kuartil ketiga (Q3) × 60 = 45
4
Third quartile
Q3 = 60.5 34.5 6 1 190.25 207 7 141.5
Nilai maksimum 44.5 3 1 980.25 133.5 5 940.75

89.5
Maximum value
Σfx Σfx2
Σf = 15
= 467.5 = 15 903.75
Pasukan Jaguh
Team Jaguh
Titik
19.5 29.5 39.5 49.5 59.5 69.5 79.5 89.5 Kekerapan
Tengah
Frequency x2 fx fx2
Panjang (cm) / Length (cm) Midpoint
(f )
(x)
Data ini mempunyai taburan pencong ke kanan. 14.5 3 210.25 43.5 630.75
The distribution of the data is skewed to the right.
24.5 5 600.25 122.5 3 001.25
2.
Nilai minimum 34.5 1 1 190.25 34.5 1 190.25
4.5
Minimum value
1 44.5 6 1 980.25 267 11 881.5
Kuartil pertama (Q1) × 100 = 25
4 Σfx Σfx2
First quartile Σf = 15
Q1 = 9.5 = 467.5 = 16 703.75
1
× 100 = 50 (b)
Median/Median 2
Q2 = 13 Pasukan Pahlawan Pasukan Jaguh
Team Pahlawan Team Jaguh
3
Kuartil ketiga (Q3) × 100 = 75
4 Min 467.5 467.5
Third quartile x‾ = x‾ =
Q3 = 20 Mean 15 15
Nilai maksimum = 31.17 = 31.17
39.5
Maximum value Sisihan
σ = 15 903.75 − 467.5
  σ = 16 703.75 − 467.5
 
2 2
piawai 15 15 15 15

Standard
= 9.43 = 11.93
deviation
(c) Pasukan: Pasukan Pahlawan

Team: Team Pahlawan
4.5 9.5 14.5 19.5 24.5 29.5 34.5 39.5 Alasan/Alasan:
Umur (tahun)/ Age (years old) Min skor kedua-dua pasukan adalah sama, iaitu, 31.17.
Sisihan piawai Pasukan Pahlawan, iaitu, 9.43 adalah lebih
rendah daripada sisihan piawai Pasukan Jaguh, 11.93.
Data ini mempunyai taburan pencong ke kanan. Hal ini menunjukkan skor Pasukan Pahlawan adalah lebih
The distribution of the data is skewed to the right. konsisten. Maka, Pasukan Pahlawan akan dipilih untuk
mewakili sekolahnya.
The mean score of both teams are equal, that is 31.17.
The standard deviation of Team Pahlawan, 9.43, is lower
than that of Team Jaguh, 11.93. This shows that the scores
of the Pahlawan Team are more consistent. Thus, Team
Pahlawan will be chosen to represent their school.

2.
(a)
Mesin X
Machine X
Mesin Y
Machine Y
1. (a)
Median
400 640 Panjang Kekerapan Titik tengah
Median
Length Frequency Midpoint fx fx2
(cm) (f) (x)
Kuartil Pertama, Q1
380 560
First Quartile, Q1 10 – 14 8 12 96 1 152
15 – 19 15 17 255 4 335
Kuartil Ketiga, Q3
480 720 20 – 24 18 22 396 8 712
Third Quartile, Q3
25 – 29 10 27 270 7 290
Julat antara kuartil 480 – 380 720 – 560
Interquartile range = 100 = 160 30 – 34 4 32 128 4 096
(b) Σf = 55
(b) Mesin X kerana median dan julat antara kuartil adalah lebih Σfx = 1 145
rendah daripada mesin Y. Ini bermakna, kekerapan untuk Σfx2 = 25 585
mesin X tersekat adalah lebih kerap dalam tempoh masa Min / Mean
yang pendek. 1 145
Machine X because the median and the interquartile x‾ =
55
range are smaller than machine Y. This means that, the
= 20.82
frequency for machine X to stuck is more often in a short
duration of time. Varians / Varians
25 585 1 145 2
L 1. (a) Bilangan murid yang mendapat markah kurang daripada

σ2 =
55
−
55  
50 = 31.79
Number of pupils who scored less than 50 marks Sisihan piawai
= 32 Standard deviation
(b) 20% daripada murid σ = 31.79
20% of pupils = 5.64
= 20% × 60
= 12
Bilangan murid yang tidak layak mendapat hadiah motivasi
Therefore, number of pupils who do not qualify for the Kertas 1
motivation prize
= 60 – 12 1. Min/Mean, x‾
= 48 Σfx
=
Markah minimum bagi murid yang layak mendapat hadiah Σf
motivasi 4(42) + 9(47) + 7(52) + 9(57) + 18(62) + 3(67)
=
Minimum marks for pupils to quality for motivational prize 4 + 9 + 7 + 9 + 18 + 3
2 785
= 60 =
50
= 55.7
604 / 604
th
(c) Q1 = nilai ke- value
Jawapan / Answer: B
= 41.5 2. Median = nilai ke-50/50th value
= 18.5
 34 × 60 /  34 × 60
th
Q3 = nilai ke- value Jawapan / Answer: C
= nilai ke-45 / 45th value 3. Q1 = nilai ke-25 / 25th value

= 57.5 = 13.25
Julat antara kuartil/Interquartile range Q3 = nilai ke-75 / 75th value
= 57.5 – 41.5 = 23
= 16 Julat antara kuartil/Interquartile range
= 23 – 13.25
= 9.75
Jawapan / Answer: B

4. Bilangan peserta yang berumur lebih daripada 20 tahun (b) Laju (km/j) Kekerapan Titik tengah
The number of participants who are more than 20 years old
Speed (km/h) Frequency Midpoint
= 100 − 56
= 44 60 – 69 3 64.5
Jawapan / Answer: C
70 – 79 5 74.5
5. Julat (dan julat antara kuartil) restoran X lebih kecil. Oleh itu, 80 – 89 12 84.5
masa perkhidmatan restoran ini lebih konsisten.
The range (and interquartile range) of restaurant X is smaller. 90 – 99 15 94.5
Therefore, the service time of the restaurant is more consistent.
100 – 109 9 104.5
Jawapan / Answer: B
110 – 119 4 114.5
Kertas 2
120 – 129 2 124.5
1. (a) Markah Kekerapan Titik Tengah (c) Kekerapan
fx
Marks Frequency Midpoint
Frequency
30 – 39 2 34.5 69 16
40 – 49 6 44.5 267 14
50 – 59 4 54.5 218 12
60 – 69 5 64.5 322.5 10
8
70 – 79 8 74.5 596
6
80 – 89 9 84.5 760.5
4
90 – 99 6 94.5 567
2
Σf = 40 Σfx = 2 800
0
54.5 64.5 74.5 84.5 94.5 104.5 114.5 124.5 134.5
2 800
(b) Min/Mean = = 70 Laju (km/j) / Speed (km/h)
40
(c) (d) (i) 3 + 5 + 12 + 15 = 35
Kekerapan (ii) Bilangan pengguna lebuh raya yang melebihi had laju
Frequency
Number of highway users exceeding the speed limit
9 =4+2
=6
8
Peratusan/Percentage
7 6
= × 100
50
6
= 12%
5
3. (a)
4 Sempadan Kekerapan
Perbelanjaan
Kekerapan Atas Longgokan
3
Expenses
Frequency Upper Cumulative
(RM)
Boundary Frequency
2
2–4 4 4.5 4
1
5–7 8 7.5 12
0
34.5 44.5 54.5 64.5 74.5 84.5 94.5 8 – 10 11 10.5 23
Markah/ Marks
11 – 13 8 13.5 31
(d) 9 + 6 = 15 14 – 16 5 16.5 36
2. (a) Kelas mod/Modal class = 90–99 17 – 19 3 19.5 39

20 – 22 1 22.5 40

Kekerapan longgokan (b) (i) Median = nilai ke-20/20th value

Cumulative frequency = 9.6
40 (ii) Q1 = nilai ke-10 / 10th value
35
= 6.9
Q3 = nilai ke-30 / 30th value
30 = 13.2
25 Julat antara kuartil
Interquartile range
20 = 13.2 – 6.9
= 6.3
15
(iii) Bilangan murid yang berbelanja lebih daripada RM10
10 Number of students who spend more than RM10
= 40 – 23
5
= 17
0 Peratus/Percentage
1.5 4.5 7.5 10.5 13.5 16.5 19.5 22.5
Perbelanjaan (RM) 17
= × 100
Expenses (RM) 40
= 42.5%

JAWAPAN
Kadar kebocoran angin / Rate of air leakage
BAB Vo − Vt
Pemodelan Matematik
8
r =
Mathematical Modeling t
650 − 525
=
5
= 25 cm3/min
Pemodelan Matematik Isi padu angin yang bocor selepas t = 15
8.1
Mathematical Modeling
Volume of air leaked after t = 15
V  t
A masalah; matematik
V = rt
problem; mathematical
V = 25 cm3/min × 15 min
= 375 cm3
B 1. masalah/problem
Isi padu angin dalam tayar selepas t = 15
2. andaian/assumptions Volume of air in the tyre after t = 15
V15 = 650 − 375
3. matematik/mathematics = 275 cm3
4. Menentusahkan/Verify (iv) Menentusahkan dan mentafsir penyelesaian:
Verify and interpret the solution:
5. Memurnikan/Refine Selepas mengira kadar kebocoran seminit, maka kebocoran
selepas 15 minit dapat dihitung. Oleh itu, baki isi padu
6. Melaporkan/Report angin ialah isi padu asal tolak isi padu kebocoran.
After calculating the rate of leakage per minute, the leakage
C 1. (i) Mengenal pasti dan mendefinisikan masalah: after 15 minutes can be calculated. Hence, the remaining
Identify and define the problem: volume of air is the actual volume minus the volume of leakage.
Menentukan baki isi padu angin dalam tayar basikal (v) Memurnikan model matematik:
15 minit selepas kebocoran berlaku. Refine the mathematical model:
To determine the volume of air left in the bicycle tyre after Untuk mengira kadar kebocoran yang lebih tepat, faktor-
15 minutes of the leakage. faktor lain yang perlu diambil kira ialah keadaan tayar yang
(ii) Membuat andaian dan mengenal pasti pemboleh ubah: sebenar dan juga keadaan jalan semasa perjalanan.
Make assumptions and identify the variables: To calculate the rate of leakage more accurately, other
Semakin lama masa selepas kebocoran tayar berlaku, factors that should be considered are the actual condition
semakin banyak angin keluar daripada tayar. Oleh itu, isi of the tyre and the conditions of the road during the journey.
padu angin yang keluar daripada tayar berkadar langsung (vi) Melaporkan dapatan:
dengan masa. Baki angin dalam tayar boleh diperoleh Report the findings:
dengan menolak isi padu angin yang keluar daripada isi Isi padu angin dalam tayar basikal itu selepas 15 minit ialah
padu asal tayar. Andaikan kadar kebocoran angin adalah 275 cm3.
tetap. The volume of air in the bicycle tyre after 15 minutes is
The longer the time after leakage, the higher the air coming 275 cm3.
out from the tyre. Thus, the volume of air leaked from the
tyre is directly proportional to the time. The air left in the 2. (i) Mengenal pasti dan mendefinisikan masalah:
tyre can be obtained by subtracting the volume of the air Identify and define the problem:
leaked from the actual volume of the tyre. Assuming the Mengira bilangan jam perkhidmatan Maniam bagi bayaran
rate of the air leakage is fixed. RM215.
t = tempoh masa selepas kebocoran To calculate the number of hours of that Manian worked
the duration of time after the leakage for the charged of RM215.
Vo = isi padu asal angin dalam tayar (ii) Membuat andaian dan mengenal pasti pemboleh ubah:
the actual volume of air in the air Make assumptions and identify the variables:
V = isi padu angin yang bocor Setiap pelanggan dikenakan caj asas RM30 dan caj
the volume of air leaked seterusnya adalah bergantung kepada bilangan jam
Vt = baki isi padu angin dalam tayar selepas t minit mengikut jadual yang disediakan.
the volume of air left in the tyre after t minutes B = jumlah caj dan t = bilangan jam perkhidmatan
r = kadar kebocoran angin Every customer is charged a basic fee of RM30 and
the rate of air leakage subsequent charges depending on an hourly rate given in
(iii) Mengaplikasi matematik untuk menyelesaikan masalah: the table provided.
Apply mathematics to solve the problem: B = total charges and t = number of hours of service
Vo = 650 cm3, Vt = 525 cm3, t = 5

(iii) Mengaplikasi matematik untuk menyelesaikan masalah: (iii) Mengaplikasi matematik untuk menyelesaikan masalah:
Apply mathematics to solve the problem: Apply mathematics to solve the problem:
Bergantung kepada bilangan jam yang tercatat: P0 = RM50 000, r = 1.7% = 0.017, t = 12
Depending on the number of hours recorded: P = P0(1 + r)t
B = 30 + 28t atau/or B = 30 + 32t = RM50 000(1 + 0.017)12
atau/or B = 30 + 37t = RM61 209.87
Apabila/When B = 30 + 28t: (iv) Menentusahkan dan mentafsir penyelesaian:
Nilai maksimum t /Maximum value of t = 2: Verify and interpret the solution:
B = 30 + 28(2) Amaun wang simpanan selepas 12 tahun ialah RM61 209.87,
= RM86 (< RM215) melebihi kos anggaran penjelajahannya, iaitu RM60 000.
Apabila/When B = 30 + 32t: Maka, rancangannya boleh dilakukan.
Nilai maksimum t /Maximum value of t = 4, The amount of his savings after 12 years is RM61 209.87,
B = 30 + 32(4) exceeding the estimated costs of travelling, which is
= RM158 (< RM215) RM60 000. Thus, his plan can be done.
Maka, model yang sesuai ialah (v) Memurnikan model matematik:
Therefore, the applicable model is: Refine the mathematical model:
B = 30 + 37t Kadar faedah Bank XYZ mungkin berlainan dengan bank-
B = 215 bank yang lain. Oleh itu, adalah lebih bijak jika kadar bank
30 + 37t = 215 dibandingkan supaya dapat memilih kadar bank yang
37t = 215 – 30 tertinggi.
185 The interest rate offered by Bank XYZ may be different
t =
37 from that of other banks. Thus, it would be smarter to
= 5 jam/hours compare the bank rates in order to choose the highest rate
offered.
(iv) Menentusahkan dan mentafsir penyelesaian:
Verify and interpret the solution: (vi) Melaporkan dapatan:
Menggantikan t = 5 ke dalam model: Report the findings:
Substituting t = 5 into the model: Rancangan penjelajahannya boleh dilakukan.
B = 30 + 37t His exploration plan can be done.
= 30 + 37(5)
= RM215

(v) Memurnikan model matematik:
Refine the mathematical model:
Pemurnian model tidak dapat dilakukan kerana maklumat Kertas 1
adalah terhad.
Refining the model cannot be done because the information 1. R, P, S, U, T, Q
is limited. Jawapan / Answer: B
(vi) Melaporkan dapatan:
Report the findings: 2. Mengambil kira nisbah luas bilik stor dengan luas kepingan mozek
Caj bayaran RM215 adalah untuk perkhidmatan selama dalam cm2.
5 jam. Calculating the ratio of the area of the storeroom to the area of
The RM215 charges is for a 5-hour service. the mosaic tiles in cm2.
Jawapan / Answer: C
PRAKTIS BERPANDU SPM Kertas 2

1. (i) Mengenal pasti dan mendefinisikan masalah:
1. (i) Mengenal pasti dan mendefinisikan masalah: Identify and define the problem:
Identify and define the problem: Memastikan sama ada 4 batang lilin boleh dimasukkan ke
Menentukan sama ada jumlah wang simpanan dalam bank dalam kotak kuboid itu.
dapat mencapai RM60 000 selepas 12 tahun. To determine if 4 candles can fit in the cuboid box.
To determine if his total savings in bank reaches the amount (ii) Membuat andaian dan mengenal pasti pemboleh ubah:
of RM60 000 after 12 years. Make assumptions and identify the variables
(ii) Membuat andaian dan mengenal pasti pemboleh ubah: Oleh kerana lilin itu berbentuk silinder, permukaan di
Make assumptions and identify the variables: kedua-dua hujungnya berbentuk bulatan. Oleh itu, jejari dan
Pertumbuhan wang simpanan dalam bank adalah secara diameter setiap batang lilin boleh ditentukan.
eksponen. Faedah dikompaunkan setiap tahun. Pemboleh ubah yang terlibat:
P = jumlah simpanan, P0 = prinsipal, j = jejari bulatan, d = diameter
r = kadar faedah, t = bilangan tahun As the candle is cylindrical, both ends are circular. Thus, the
The savings in his bank will grow exponentially. Interest will radius and diameter of the candle can be determined.
be compounded every year. The variables involved are:
P = total amount, P0 = principal, r = interest rate, j = radius, d = diameter
t = number of years

(iii) Mengaplikasi matematik untuk menyelesaikan masalah: (iv) Menentusahkan dan mentafsir penyelesaian:
Apply mathematics to solve the problem: Verify and interpret the solution:
Ukuran 4 batang lilin dengan setiap lilin berdiameter 10 cm
The measurement of 4 candles with each candle of diameter
10 cm
Lilin
Candle = 4 × 10 cm
= 40 cm
j Lebar kotak = 38.4 cm
j–1
A 2 Width of box
1 38.84 cm  40 cm
j–2 Maka, 4 batang lilin tidak muat ke dalam kotak kuboid itu.
Therefore, 4 candles cannot fit in the cuboid box.
Dengan menggunakan Teorem Pythagoras,
By using Pythagoras Teorem, (v) Melaporkan dapatan:
j 2 = (j − 1)2 + (j − 2)2 Report the findings:
j 2 = j 2 − 2j + 1 + j 2 − 4j + 4 Maka, Aishah tidak dapat memasukkan 4 batang lilin ke
j2 − 6j + 5 = 0 dalam kotak kuboid itu kerana jumlah diameter 4 batang
(j – 5)(j – 1) = 0 lilin telah melebihi panjang tapak kotak.
∴ j = 5 Therefore, Aishah is not able to pack the 4 candles into the
d = 2 × 5 = 10 cm cuboid box as the total diameter of 4 candles exceeds the
base length of the box.
Jejari lilin = 5 cm dan diameter lilin = 10 cm
Radius of a candle = 5 cm and diameter of a candle = 10 cm.

JAWAPAN
Kertas Model SPM 8. P(catur dan bola sepak)
P(chess and football)
Kertas 1 = 0.3 × 0.8
1. A, B dan C menerangkan tentang keburukan menggunakan kad = 0.24
kredit. Jawapan / Answer: B
A, B and C describe the disadvantage of using credit card.
Jawapan / Answer: D
9. S = {(1, 7), (1, 11), (7, 1), (7, 11), (11, 1), (11, 7)}
2. Jumlah bayaran balik Jawapan / Answer: C
Total repayment
5.9 10. 111435 = 1 × 54 + 1 × 53 + 1 × 52 + 4 × 51 + 3 × 50

= 7 000 + 7 000 ×
100
×3  = 625 + 125 + 25 + 20 + 3
= RM8 239 = 798
13268 = 1 × 83 + 3 × 82 + 2 × 81 + 6 × 80
Ansuran bulanan
= 512 + 192 + 16 + 6
Monthly instalment
= 726
8 239
=
3 × 12 x = 2399 – 798 – 726 9 875
= RM229 = 875 9 97 –2
Jawapan / Answer: C = 11729
9 10 –7
9 1 –1
3. Cukai perkhidmatan
Service tax Jawapan / Answer: B 0 –1
Jawapan / Answer: A
1
4. A: Hartanah ialah pelaburan berisiko sederhana.  42  −  –32  + 4  –8
11.
–4   2 
= 4 −  2  +  –2 
–3 –1
Property is an investment with moderate risk level.
B: Simpanan ialah pelaburan bebas risiko. = 
0
4
Savings is a risk free investment.
C: Saham syarikat ialah pelaburan berisiko tinggi. Jawapan / Answer: B
Company’s shares is a high risk investment.
Jawapan / Answer: D 12. [p 2] –2 4
1 q  = [–2 3]
5. x = {7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17} –2p + 2 = –2
J = {8, 10, 12, 14, 16} –2p = –4
K = {7, 11, 13, 17} p = 2
(J  K) = {9, 15}
Jawapan / Answer: A 8 + 2q = 3
2q = –5
6. k + j = jk + 1
2
q = –2.5
j – jk = 1 – k2
j(1 – k) = (1 + k)(1 – k) Jawapan / Answer: C
(1 + k)(1 – k) 13. 548.1 = 5.481 × 102
j =
1–k
j = 1 + k Jawapan / Answer: A
Jawapan / Answer: C
14. I dan III merupakan pengurusan kredit dan hutang yang bijaksana.
(2m2n–3)3 × 
m5 I and III are the wise management of credit and debt.
7. Jawapan / Answer: A
2 × 
m × n2
5
23m6n–9 × m 2 5 5

= 15. n =
1 =
1 m q
2×m ×n 2 2
5
5 1
p = q = 5

6+
= 22 × m 2 2 n–9 – 2
–
4
= 4m8n–11 5
p + q = +5
Jawapan / Answer: A 4
1
=6
4
Jawapan / Answer: D

Matematik Tingkatan 5 Jawapan Kertas Model SPM
1 21. y
16. m ∝ 3
n y = 2 sin 2x
k 2
m = 3
n 1
k
9 = 3 x
27 0 270° 360°
90° 180°
k = 27 –1
y = sin 2x
27
\ m = 3 –2
n
Jawapan / Answer: C
Jawapan / Answer: C
22. Kecerunan
17. Wang pendahuluan Kaedah Alternatif
Gradient
Deposit
y2 – y1 Kecerunan / Gadient
10 =
= 470 000 × x2 – x1 pintasan-y y-intercept
100
= RM47 000 0 – (–3) =–
pintasan-x – x-intercept 
=
5–0 –3
Simpanan bulanan untuk wang pendahuluan =–
3 5
Monthly savings for the deposit = 3
5 =
47 000 5
= Jawapan / Answer: B
7 × 12
= RM559.52
23. Faktor skala
Aliran tunai bulanan Scale factor
Monthly cash flow PT
=
= 5 350 – 3 775 – 559.52 JN
= RM1015.48 2
=
(positif/ positive) 4
1
Jawapan / Answer: A =
2
1 Jawapan / Answer: C
18. x2 – x = (3 – 7x)
2
3 7 24. Premis 1: Jika A, maka B.
x2 – x – + x =
0
2 2 Premise 1: If A, then B.
5 3 Premis 2: A adalah benar.
x2 + x – = 0
2 2 Premise 2: A is true.
2x2 + 5x – 3 = 0 Kesimpulan: B adalah benar.
(2x – 1)(x + 3) =
0 Conclusion: B is true.
1
x = , x = –3
2 Premis 1: Jika x  –3, maka 5x  –15.
Jawapan / Answer: B Premise 1: If x  –3, then 5x  –15.
Premis 2/ Premise 2: 1  –3
19. Jarak dilalui dalam 12 saat pertama Kesimpulan/ Conclusion: 5  –15
Distance travelled in the first 12 seconds Jawapan / Answer: D
1
= 10 × 7 + × (7 + 4) × (12 – 10) NS 1
2
25. =
1 SR 2
= 70 + × 11 × 2
2 Faktor skala/ Scale factor, k
= 70 + 11 NR
= 81 =
NS
Jawapan / Answer: C 3
=
1
20. [(x + 5) – 2] × (x – 2) = 24 = 3
(x + 3)(x – 2) = 24
x2 – 2x + 3x – 6 – 24 = 0 Luas PNRQ = k2 × Luas MNST
x2 + x – 30 = 0 Area of PNRQ = k2 × Area of MNST
(x – 5)(x + 6) = 0 54
Luas MNST / Area of MNST = 2
x = 5, x = –6 3
\x=5 = 6 cm2
Jawapan / Answer: A
Luas keseluruhan rajah
Area of whole diagram
= 6 + 54
= 60 cm2
Jawapan / Answer: C

26. Titik C adalah sama jarak dari titik Q dan S tetapi kurang daripada 30. Persamaan garis I/ Equation of line I:
6 cm dari titik T. y = –1
Point C is at the same distance from the points Q and S but is
less than 6 cm from the point T. Persamaan garis II/ Equation of line II:
Jawapan / Answer: C Garis melalui (0, 0) dan (1, 3).
The line passes through (0, 0) and (1, 3).
27. Pandangan sisi A: y = 3x
Side elevation A: Persamaan garis III/ Equation of line III:
Garis melalui (–1, 0) dan (1, 3).
The line passes through (–1, 0) and (1, 3).
3–0
m =
1 – (–1)
3
=
2
3
y – 0 = [x – (–1)]
Pandangan sisi B: 2
Side elevation B: 3 3
y = x +
2 2
Ketaksamaan yang mentakrifkan rantau berlorek R:

Inequalities that define the shaded region R:
3 3
y  –1, y  3x , y  x +
2 2
Jawapan / Answer: D
Pandangan sisi C:
Side elevation C: 31. R
T
x
O N
68° 86°
P
M Q

Pandangan sisi D: S
Side elevation D: ∠PMO = 90°
∠RNO = 90°
Minor ∠MON = 180° – 86°
= 94°
Major ∠MON = 360° – 94°
= 266°
∠MTN = 94° ÷ 2
= 47°

∠OMT = 90° – 68°
Jawapan / Answer: B
= 22°
∠ONT = 360° – 266° – 22° – 47°
28. Panjang sisi segi empat sama J
= 25°
Length of side of square J
x = 90° – 25°
=  144
= 65°
= 12 cm
Jawapan / Answer: C
Panjang sisi segi empat sama K
Length of side of square K 32. A: J → K → N
= 9 Jarak/ Distance = 700 + 560
= 3 cm = 1 260 m
Skala/ Scale = 3 : 12 B: J → L → N
=1:4 Jarak/ Distance = 800 + 400
Jawapan / Answer: C = 1 200 m ⇒ terpendek/ shortest
C: J → K → L → N
29. Jarak = Laju × Masa Jarak/ Distance = 700 + 250 + 400
Distance = Speed × Time = 1 350 m
= 100 km/j × 4.5 jam
= 450 km D: J → M → L → N
Jawapan / Answer: B Jarak/ Distance = 600 + 550 + 400
= 1 550 m
Jawapan / Answer: B

33. Katakan/ Let x = KL = ML C: Tidak betul/ Not correct

ML2 + KL2 = MK2 Bukan kebanyakan pekerja di kilang P adalah lebih berat
x2 + x2 = (84.5)2 daripada pekerja di kilang Q.
2x2 = 84.5 Not most of the workers in factory P are heavier than the
x2 = 42.25 workers in factory Q.
x = 6.5 cm
D: Tidak betul/ Not correct
Luas segi empat sama JKLM Beza jisim pekerja di kilang P ialah 24 kg.
Area of square JKLM The difference in mass of workers in factory P is 24 kg.
= 6.5 × 6.5 Jawapan / Answer: A
= 42.25 cm2
Jawapan / Answer: D 38. Bunga orkid : Bunga lili = 3 : 1
Orchids : lilies
34. N
Bilangan jambak bunga orkid dan bunga lili
Number of bouquets of orchids and lilies
P = 50 – 13 – 7 – 6
= 24
Bilangan jambak bunga orkid
J K Q L M
Number of orchids
2 = 24 ÷ 4 × 3
mJN = mKP =
3 = 18
NQ 2 Jawapan / Answer: C
=
JQ 3
5 2 39. Luas dinding
=
JQ 3 Area of the wall
3×5
JQ = = 28 × 14
2
= 392 m2
= 7.5 m
Luas dua semi bulatan
JM = 2 × 7.5 Area of the two semicircles
= 15 m 1 22
Jawapan / Answer: B = 2 × × × 72
2 7
= 154 m2
35. Skor Bilangan murid
Luas kawasan dicat biru
Score Number of students Area of the region painted blue
1 – 10 3 = 392 – 154
= 238 m2
11 – 20 17 Kekerapan tertinggi
The highest frequency

18 liter/ litres → 112 m2
21 – 30 10 x liter/ litres → 238 m2
112x = 18(238)
31 – 40 4
x = 38.25
41 – 50 6 Satu tin cat mengandungi 1 liter cat.
One can of paint has a volume of 1 litre.
Kelas mod/ Modal class = 11 – 20 \ 39 tin cat biru.
Jawapan / Answer: A 39 cans of blue paint.
Jawapan / Answer: D
36. Julat antara kuartil
Interquartile range 40. P = {responden yang suka buah naga}
= Q3 – Q1 {respondents who like dragon fruit}
= 12 – 6 Q = {responden yang suka pisang}
= RM6 {respondents who like banana}
Jawapan / Answer: A R = {responden yang suka jambu batu}
{respondents who like guava}
37. A: Betul/ Correct
ξ
Serakan jisim pekerja di kilang P adalah lebih kecil berbanding P Q
dengan pekerja di kilang Q. 15 25 – 15 – 3 – 2
The dispersion of masses of the workers in factory P is smaller 3 =5
compared to the workers in factory Q. 10 2
B: Tidak betul/ Not correct 10

Jisim pekerja di kilang Q berubah dari 46 kg hingga 78 kg. R
The masses of the workers in factory Q varies from 46 kg to 36 – 15 – 3 – 10
78 kg. =8
60 – 8 – 15 – 10 – 3 – 2 – 5 – 10
=7

Jawapan / Answer: D
Kertas 2 6. (a) Pendapatan bercukai

Chargeable income
1. Luas segi tiga = RM66 000 – (12 × RM50) – RM9 000 – RM1 800 – RM2 400
Area of the triangle = RM52 200
1 Cukai pendapatan
= (4x)(3x)
2 Income tax
= 6x2 = RM1 800 + (RM52 200 – RM50 000) × 14%
= RM1 800 + RM2 200 × 14%

2. (a) Darab nombor sebelumnya dengan 3 = RM1 800 + RM308
Multiply the previous number by 3 = RM2 108
(b) 23, 29
(b) Kos rawatan selepas deduktibel
3. 1025 = (1 × 52) + (0 × 51) + (2× 50) Treatment cost after deductible
= 27 = RM38 000 – RM1 800
2 27 = RM36 200
Kos rawatan yang ditanggung oleh syarikat insurans
2 13 –1
Treatment cost borne by insurance company
2 6 –1 90
2 3 –0 = × RM36 200
100
2 1 –1 = RM32 580
0 –1
1 1 1 1 7. (a) x = 6
k2 = 1025 + 1012
1 1 0 1 1 (b) (i) (0 – 6)2 + [j – (–2)]2 = 10
= 110112 + 1012
+ 1 0 1 36 + (j + 2)2 = 102
= 1000002
(j + 2)2 = 100 – 36
\ k = 100000 1 0 0 0 0 0
= 64
kQ (j + 2) = ±8
4. (a) P =
R j + 2 = 8 , j + 2 = –8
Apabila / When P = 16, T = 2: j = 6 j = –10
k(4T) Kapal C berada di sebelah atas paksi-x. Maka,
P =
3T – 1 Ship C is above the x-axis. Hence,
k[4(2)] j = 6
16 =
3(2) – 1
8k (ii) y = mx + c
16 =
5 6–7
m =
k = 10 0–6
10Q 1
Oleh itu / Therefore, P = =
R 6
(b) Apabila / When P = 12, Q = 6: 1
Gantikan (6, –2) ke y = x + c:
10(6) 6
12 = 1
R Substitute (6, –2) into y = x + c:
R = 5 6
1
–2 = (6) + c
5. m = 0.125 6
c = –3
1
hm \ y = x – 3
6
θ
6m
8. (a) P(dua lelaki dipilih / two boys are chosen)
Jarak mencancang
Keceruanan = 4 3
Jarak mengufuk = ×
11 10
Vertical distance
Gradient = 6
Horizontal distance =
55
h
0.125 = (b) P(kedua-dua peserta lelaki adalah dari sekolah yang sama)
6
h = 0.75 P(both male participants are from the same school)
5 4 4 3 6 5
tan q =
0.75 =  ×
15 14
+   ×
15 14
+  
×
15 14 
6 2 2 1
0.75 = + +
21 35 7
q = tan–1
6 31
= 7.13° =
105

9. (a) Katakan / Let 12. (a) Min/ Mean = 7.9

x = bilangan kereta (8 × 2) + (4 × 5) + (6 × 8) + (5 × 11) + (n × 14)
number of cars = 7.9
8+4+6+5+n
y = bilangan van 139 + 14n
= 7.9
number of vans 23 + n
4x + 8y = 108 139 + 14n = 181.7 + 7.9n
x + y = 22 6.1n = 42.7
(b) 4

  xy  =  108
1
8
1 22 
n = 7
1 (b) Sfx2 = (8 × 22) + (4 × 52) + (6 × 82) + (5 × 112) + (7 × 142)

 y  = 4(1) – 8(1)  −11
x −8
4   108
22  = 2 493
Sf = 8 + 4 + 6 + 5 + 7
1
= −  −68 = 30
4 −20 x– = 7.9
=  17  Varians/ Variance
5
Sfx2 –2
Bilangan kereta / Number of cars = 17 = –x
Sf
Bilangan van / Number of vans = 5
2 493
= – 7.92
10. (a) (i) K ∩ L′ 30
= 20.69
M
K
L (c) 
20.69 = 4.55
Sisihan piawai
Standard deviation
13. (a) Baki pendapatan

Income balance
(ii) K ∩ (L ∪ M)′ RM6 600 15
L = RM4 500 + + RM1 200 – × RM4 500
12 100
K M = RM4 500 + RM550 + RM1 200 – RM675
= RM5 575
(b) (i) Jumlah perbelanjaan tetap

Fixed expenses
= RM900 + RM1 000 + RM350
= RM2 250
(b) n(G) = n(F ∪ H)′
3 + 1 + 2 + 2a = 2a + 3a (ii) Jumlah perbelanjaan tidak tetap
3a = 6 Variable expenses
a = 2 = RM400 + RM800 + RM250 + RM400
n(ξ) = RM1 850
= 15 + 6a
= 15 + 6(2) (c) RM5 575 – RM2 250 – RM1 850 = RM1 475
= 27 Encik Ramli mempunyai lebihan pendapatan.
Encik Ramli has a surplus of income.
11. (a) (i) A(–3, 8) → (1, 6) → (5, 4)

(ii) A(–3, 8) → (1, 6) → (6, 1)
T: Putaran 90° ikut arah jam pada pusat (–2, 4)
(b) (i)
Clockwise rotation of 90° about the centre (–2, 4)
W: Pembesaran pada pusat (–2, 4) dengan faktor skala 3
Enlargement about (–2, 4) with a scale factor of 3
(ii) Luas kawasan berlorek
Area of shaded region
= (32 × 6) – 6
= 54 – 6
= 48 unit2

14.
N/P R/S P/S N/R
F/E H/E G/F

G/H
M/B/J/I/A I/L J/K M/Q

Q/C/K/L/D A/D B/C
45° E/D L K S/F/C R Q
H/A I J P/G/B N M

15. (a) x + y + 1  40 Harga borong cili

x + y  39 Wholesale price of chilli
x  3y RM13 500
=
1 2 700 kg
y > x = RM5 per kg
3
(b) y
(c) (i) J
0.5 m 60°
40
35 x + y = 39 K X M
30 KX
sin 60° =
0.5
25
KX = 0.5 × sin 60°
= 0.43 m
20 Jarak terdekat di antara K dan M

The shortest distance between K and M
15 y=1
3
x = 2 × 0.43
= 0.86 m
(ii) J
10
5
(25, 5) 2.0 m
0 29
x
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
M
0.5 m
(c) Tidak kerana titik (25, 5) terletak di luar kawasan rantau
berlorek. JM = 
22 + 0.52
No because point (25, 5) lies outside the shaded region. = 2.06 m
(d) Bilangan murid junior, x, yang maksimum = 29 16 + 22 + 29 + 34 + 40 + 40 + 44 + 46 + 54 + 58
Maka, bilangan murid senior, y, yang boleh menyertai lawatan (d) –xA =
10
itu ialah 10 orang. = 38.3 kg
The maximum number of junior students, x = 29
Hence, the number of senior students, y, who can join the
trip is 10.
σ = 
16 + 22 + 29 + 34 + 40 + 40 + 44
2 2
+ 46 + 54 + 58
2
2
– 38.3
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
A
10
16. (a) (i) 50 – 15 = 35 minit/ minutes = 12.6 kg
(ii) Laju purata
Average speed 29 + 32 + 34 + 36 + 36 + 42 + 44 + 44 + 46 + 49
–xB =
Jumlah jarak / Total distance 10
= = 39.2 kg
Jumlah masa/ Total time

25
= 29 + 32 + 34 + 36 + 36 + 42 + 44
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
σ = 
85
+ 44 + 46 + 49 2 2 2
= 0.29 km min–1 – 39.2 2
A
10
(b) Jualan cili = 6.3 kg
Sales of chilli
= 62 700 – (4 × 6 000) – (7 × 3 600) Baja B. Min yang lebih besar menunjukkan hasil terung yang
= 62 700 – 24 000 – 25 200 lebih berat. Sisihan piawai yang lebih kecil menunjukkan jisim
= RM13 500 hasil terung yang lebih konsisten.
Fertiliser B. A larger mean indicates a heavier brinjal yield.
1 A smaller standard deviation indicates that the mass of the
Jisim bendi = 1 × Jisim cili
3 binjal is more consistent.
1
Mass of okra = 1 × Mass of chilli
3 17. (a) (i) tanpa hias atas : dengan hias atas
Jisim cili/ Mass of chilli without topping : with topping
1
= 3 600 ÷ 1 310 : 425
3 310 425
= 2 700 kg :
5 5
62 : 85
59 Pelan © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Plan
(ii) Jumlah bilangan tart telur (ii) Pergi/ Go:

Total number of egg tarts Laju purata/ Average speed
= 310 + 425 + 120 + 175 35 km
= 1 030 =
90 min
= 0.39 km min-1
P(tart telur tambahan tanpa hias atas) Penghantar bergerak sejauh 35 km dalam tempoh 90
P(the extra egg tart without topping) minit dengan laju purata 0.39 km min -1 untuk pergi
120 menghantar tart telur.
=
1 030 The rider travels 35 km in 90 minutes at an average
12 speed of 0.39 km min-1 to go and deliver the egg tarts.
=
103
Pulang/ Back:
(b) Katakan/ Let
Laju/ Speed
x = harga sebiji tart telur tanpa hias atas
price of an egg tart without topping 35 km
=
y = harga sebiji tart telur dengan hias atas 20 min
price of an egg tart with topping = 1.75 km min–1
Penghantar pulang dari menghantar tart telur dengan
(310 + 120)x + (425 + 175)y = 6 050 kelajuan 1.75 km min–1.
430x + 600y = 6 050 The rider returns from delivering egg tarts at a speed of
43x + 60y = 605 ...........  1.75 km min–1.
y = 1.50 + x ..........  (d) Terdapat 2 laluan yang mungkin.

There are 2 possible routes.
Gantikan  ke dalam :
Substitute  into : Rumah Kaka → A → D → C → B → E
43x + 60(1.50 + x) = 605 Kaka’s house → A → D → C → B → E
43x + 90 + 60x = 605 Jumlah jarak
103x = 515 Total distance
x = 5 = 8 + 13 + 15 + 12 + 18
= 66 km
Gantikan x = 5 ke dalam :
Substitute x = 5 into : Rumah Kaka → B → C → A → D → E
y = 1.50 + 5 Kaka’s house → B → C → A → D → E
= 6.50 Jumlah jarak
Total distance
Harga sebiji tart telur tanpa hias atas ialah RM5. = 15 + 12 + 9 + 13 + 7
Harga sebiji tart telur dengan hias atas ialah RM6.50. = 56 km
The price of an egg tart without topping is RM5.
The price of an egg tart with topping is RM6.50. Rumah Kaka → B → C → A → D → E merupakan laluan yang
akan menjimatkan kos petrol. Laluan yang akan menjimatkan
(c) (i) (20 – 15) + (90 – 70) kos petrol ialah laluan dengan jarak terpendek.
= 5 + 20 Kaka’s house → B → C → A → D → E is the route that will
= 25 minit/ minutes save fuel costs. The route that will save fuel costs is the route
with the shortest distance.

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JAWAPAN

1 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 2

3 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

5 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

B 1. Matriks peringkat 3 × 2 Operasi Asas Matriks

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 6

7 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 8

1 Maka, B tidak mempunyai matriks songsang.

9 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 10

[y2 – 9] = [40] –15 – x = 5

Jawapan / Answer: A –2p – 8 = 2

11 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(b) Bentuk matriks: =  4 

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 12

(b) Bentuk matriks: 8. Katakan/Let:

Harga beli/Cost price = RM3

13 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 14

(b) Premium asas / Basic premium Premium asas / Basic premium

Premium kasar / Gross premium H 1. Jumlah insurans yang harus dibeli

15 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

2. Jumlah insurans yang harus dibeli 4. Premium tahunan / Annual premium

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 16

17 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

PCB = RM90 × 12 = RM1 080 PCB = RM7 750.20

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 18

19 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Kertas 2 Pendapatan bercukai / Chargeable income

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 20

21 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 22

8. Faktor skala / Scale factor 5.

23 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

J 1. 2. Faktor skala / Scale factor, k

K 1. Faktor skala / Scale factor, k O

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 24

25 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

N 1. (4, –2) 5. (–2, 4)

2. (–2, –6) O 1. (3, –5)

(–2, –6) –6 (3, –5)

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 26

P 1. (–5, –2) 5. (2, 2)

2. (6, 5) Q 1. (4, –5)

27 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 28

5. (2, 4) 4. (–2, –4)

2. (1, –5) T 1. (1, –3)

29 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 30

(c) Luas trapezium Q = k2 × Luas trapezium A Luas kawasan berlorek

31 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(c) tan 81° =

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 32

5. y 4. 3 tan 60° – 4 kos 30°