Unit

15 I have done (present perfect 1)

j cleaned my sh oee^

His shoes are dirty. He has cleaned his shoes.

(= his shoes are clean now)

They are at home. They are going out. They have gone out.
(= they are not at home now)

has cleaned / have gone etc. is the present perfect (have + past participle):
I cleaned I cleaned?
we have ('ve) finished have we
we finished?
finished? [ regular verbs
have
you have not (haven't) started you started?
they lost they lost?
he done he
he done? I irregular
has ('s) been hac been? verbs
she has she \
has not (hasn't) gone gone?
it it

past participle

Regular verbs The past participle is -ed (the same as the past simple):

clean —> I have cleaned finish —» we have finished start —>she has started

Irregular verbs The past participle is not -ed.

Sometimes the past simple and past participle are the same:

buy —> I bought / 1have bought have —> he had / he has had

Sometimes the past simple and past participle are different:

break —> I broke / 1have broken see -» you saw / you have seen
fall —> it fell / it has fallen go —> they went / they have gone

We use the present perfect for an action in the past with a result now:
O I've lost my passport. (= I can't find my passport now)
O 'Where's Rebecca?' 'She's gone to bed.' (= she is in bed now)
O We've bought a new car. (= we have a new car now)
O It's Rachel's birthday tomorrow and I haven't bought her a present. (= I don't have a present
for her now)
O 'Bob is away on holiday.' 'Oh, where has he gone?' (= where is he now?)
O Can I take this newspaper? Have you finished with it? (= do you need it now?)

present perfect Units 16-19 present perfect and past simple Unit 20
irregular verbs Unit 24, Appendix 2-3______________________________________
Exercises
f O Look at the pictures. What has happened? Choose from the box.

go to bed c lean his shoes stop raining

close the door fall down have a shower

has closed the door

have gone to bed

—> M They.

has stopped raining

Hi 1 M M He. has had a shower

—> The. picture has fallen down

H g | Complete the sentences with a verb from the box.

break buy decide finish forget go go

invite lose see not/see take tell not/tell

1 I y e jo s t my keys. I don't know where they are.

2 have bought
I ........................................................................some new shoes. Do you want to see them?
3 has gone
'Where is Helen?' 'She's not here. Sh e...................................................................... out.'
4 have
I'm looking for Paula...................................y seen
o u ................................................. her?
5 has broken
Look! Som ebody........................................................................that window.
6 have told
'Does Lisa know that you're going away?' 'Yes, I ........................................................................her.'
7 has taken
I can't find my umbrella. Som ebody........................................................................it.
8 haven't seen
'Where are my glasses?' 'I don't know. I ...................................................................... them.'
9 I'm looking for Sarah. W he re ...............................sh has gone
e ..................................................?
10 have forgotten
I know that woman, but I ........................................................................ her name.
11 Sue is having a party tonight. Sh e has invited a lot of people.
12 W hat are you going to do? ............................... have decided
y o u ..................................................?
13 a : Does Ben know about the meeting tomorrow?
haven´t told
B: I don't think so. I ........................................................................ him.
14 I have finished with this magazine. Do you want it?