TRepublic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAMARINES SUR
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN MIGUEL, NABUA, CAMARINES SUR
SCHOOL ID: 302001

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HOW DEPRESSION AFFECT IN ONE’S

HEALTH

Ellyn Mae E. Abitan

Ivan Rayver Mata
Janus Niño Lanuzo
 TRepublic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAMARINES SUR
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN MIGUEL, NABUA, CAMARINES SUR
SCHOOL ID: 302001

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

In the middle of this era, depression is a prevalent mental health condition that affects
millions of people worldwide, and its impact has only been amplified by the ongoing COVID-19
pandemic. The pandemic has led to increased levels of stress, social isolation, and uncertainty,
which have contributed to increased rates of depression among the general population. The
pandemic has also created barriers to accessing mental health services for those in need and
disrupted the delivery of existing mental health care services.

The shift towards remote work and remote learning has further contributed to the social
isolation and loss of social connection, exacerbating the negative effects of depression and
poor mental health. In addition, the pandemic has also increased financial insecurity, widening
existing economic inequalities and negatively impacting mental health outcomes in vulnerable
populations, including those who lost their jobs or experienced significant income loss.

The pandemic has brought to the forefront the importance of addressing the mental health
needs of individuals affected by depression. Efforts are needed to improve access to mental
health care services and support systems, to provide resources and interventions that target
individuals at high risk for depression, and to promote public awareness and understanding of
mental health and the negative impact of depression. By addressing the mental health needs
of individuals affected by depression, we can enhance psychological resilience, improve overall
well-being, and promote the building of more resilient and supportive communities.
 TRepublic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAMARINES SUR
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN MIGUEL, NABUA, CAMARINES SUR
SCHOOL ID: 302001

_____________________________________________________________________________

Depression is a common and debilitating mental health disorder that affects millions of people
worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, depression is the leading cause of
disability worldwide, with an estimated 264 million people affected by the disorder. Depression
can have a significant impact on an individual’s quality of life, mental and physical health, and
social and economic well-being.

Depression is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, worthlessness, and hopelessness,

and a loss of interest or pleasure in activities that were once enjoyable. Other symptoms of
depression can include changes in appetite or sleep patterns, fatigue, difficulty concentrating,
and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide. Depression can occur at any age, and can range in
severity from mild to severe.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The aim of this study is to explore the different factors associated with depression,
including the mechanisms linking depression with physical health problems, and
the identification of modifiable risk and protective factors associated with
depression.

1. What are some of the physical health problems that are commonly
associated with depression, and what is the relationship between depression
and these conditions?
 2. How do lifestyle factors, such as physical activity, diet, and social support,
influence the risk of depression and related health problems?
TRepublic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAMARINES SUR
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN MIGUEL, NABUA, CAMARINES SUR
SCHOOL ID: 302001

___________________________________________________________________

3. What are some of the mechanisms that link depression with physical health
problems, and how can understanding these mechanisms inform the
development of effective prevention and treatment strategies?

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The scope of this study is to explore the relationship between depression and
physical health problems, with a focus on the mechanisms linking these conditions
and the identification of modifiable risk and protective factors associated with
depression. The study will examine the latest research findings and empirical
studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic.

The delimitation of this study is that it will not cover other mental health
conditions or physical health problems that are not directly related to depression.
It will also not delve into the treatment and management of depression, as the
focus is on identifying risk and protective factors associated with the condition.
This study will be limited to a review of existing literature and research, and will
not involve primary data collection or experimentation.
 TRepublic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAMARINES SUR
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN MIGUEL, NABUA, CAMARINES SUR
SCHOOL ID: 302001

___________________________________________________________________

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this study lies in increasing our understanding of the complex
relationship between depression and physical health problems. Depression is a
prevalent mental health disorder that can have severe consequences on an
individual’s physical, emotional, and social well-being.

By exploring the mechanisms linking depression with physical health problems,

such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and hormonal imbalances, we can better
understand the underlying causes of this condition. This can help inform the
development of more effective prevention and treatment strategies for depression
and related physical health problems.

Identifying modifiable risk and protective factors associated with depression is also
significant, as it can help individuals and healthcare providers promote mental and
physical well-being. Lifestyle factors, such as physical activity, diet, and social
support, are potential protective factors that can be modified and improved upon
to reduce the risk of depression and related health problems.
Overall, this study can potentially improve the quality of life of individuals
experiencing depression by providing insights into its underlying mechanisms and
identifying modifiable factors that can help prevent and manage this condition. It
TRepublic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAMARINES SUR
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN MIGUEL, NABUA, CAMARINES SUR
SCHOOL ID: 302001

__________________________________________________________________
can also inform healthcare policies and services by highlighting the importance of a
holistic approach to mental and physical health.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Depression – a mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness,

hopelessness, and worthlessness, and a loss of interest in activities that were
once enjoyable.

2. Major Depression – a severe form of depression characterized by a pervasive

and persistent low mood and a loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all
activities.

3. Dysthymia – a milder, chronic form of depression that tends to last for a

prolonged period of time, often two or more years.
4. Manic Episode – a distinct period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or
irritable mood, which can be accompanied by goal-directed and highly
energized behavior.

TRepublic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAMARINES SUR
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN MIGUEL, NABUA, CAMARINES SUR
SCHOOL ID: 302001

5. Mixed Episode – a period of time during which individuals with mood

disorders experience a combination of symptoms of depression and mania.

6. Serotonin – a neurotransmitter that is involved in regulating mood, sleep,

appetite, and other physiological functions.

7. Cortisol – a hormone that is produced by the adrenal gland and is involved in

regulating stress response and metabolism.

8. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) – a type of therapy that focuses on

identifying and changing negative patterns of thinking and behavior that
contribute to symptoms of depression.
 9. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) – a class of antidepressant
medications that work by increasing the availability of the neurotransmitter
serotonin in the brain.

10. Electroconvulsivea medical treatment in which small electric currents

are passed through the brain, intentionally triggered seizure.
TRepublic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAMARINES SUR
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN MIGUEL, NABUA, CAMARINES SUR
SCHOOL ID: 302001

___________________________________________________________________

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT

In research, the inputs or variables that can be studied in relation to depression

are:
1. Demographic variables: These include age, sex, race, ethnicity, education
level, and socioeconomic status. Studying how depression affects different
demographic groups can help identify potential risk factors and inform
targeted interventions.

2. Psychological variables: These include personality traits, coping styles, and

cognitive processes (e.g., negative thinking patterns). Examining how
psychological factors influence the development and maintenance of
depression can inform psychotherapy and other psychological interventions.
 PROCESS

In research, the processes of depression refer to the various mechanisms that

contribute to the development and maintenance of depression. Some of the key
processes that have been studied in relation to depression include:

TRepublic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAMARINES SUR
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN MIGUEL, NABUA, CAMARINES SUR
SCHOOL ID: 302001

1. Emotional dysregulation: Individuals with depression often experience

intense and prolonged negative emotions, and have difficulty regulating
their emotions. This can lead to a range of negative outcomes, such as
negative affectivity and irritability.

OUTPUT

In research, the outputs or outcomes of depression refer to the measurable effects

that depression has on individuals and society as a whole. Some of the key outputs
of depression that have been studied include:
1. Poor quality of life: Depression can lead to significant impairments in an
individual’s ability to carry out daily activities, maintain relationships, and
participate in enjoyable activities, leading to a poorer quality of life.