R.V.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
BENGALURU-560059
(Autonomous Institution Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi)

Fire Fighting Robot

Submitted by

Name USN
ISHAANI R GOWDA 1RV21IS019
MR ABHISHEK BHARADWAJ 1RV21IS024
PUNYA R 1RV21IS039

Under The Guidance of

1. Dr. G. Jayalatha Differential Equations and Numerical Methods

(21MA21)
2. Dr. Sham Aan M. P Engineering Chemistry (21CH22)
Dr. C. Manjunatha
3. Dr. Padma Shree. T Programming in C (21CS23)
4. Dr. Sridhar. R Elements of Mechanical Engineering (21ME24)
5. Dr. Sahana. B Elements of Electronics Engineering (21EC25)

Department of Information Science Engineering 2021-2022

 CERTIFICATE

It is certified that the Experiential learning titled “Fire Fighting Robot ” is carried out by Ishaani

R Gowda(1RV21IS019), M. R. Abhishek Bharadwaj(1RV21IS024) and Punya.

R(1RV21IS039) who are bonafide students of R.V College of Engineering, Bangalore during

the second semester, in the year 2021-2022. It is also certified that all connections/suggestions

indicated for the Internal Assessment have been incorporated into the report. The report has

been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Experiential learning.

Marks Awarded:
 CONTENTS

1. Introduction.

2. Literature Review.

3. Objectives.

4. Problem Statement

5. Block Diagram/Algorithm/Flowchart

6. Implementation, Results and Discussion.

7. Components in the Project for the following courses:

7.1 Electronics
7.2 Mathematics
7.3 Mechanical Engineering
7.4 Programming in C
7.5 Chemistry

8. References
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Robot is defined as a mechanical design that is capable of performing human tasks or behaving
in a human-like manner. Building a robot requires expertise and complex programming. Its
about building systems and putting together motors, flame sensors and wires, among other
important Components. A fire fighter robot is one that has a small fire extinguisher added to it.
By attaching a small fire extinguisher to the robot, the automation put out the fire by human
controlling. This robot implements the following concepts: environmental sensing,
proportional motor control. This robot processes information from its various sensors and kev
hardware elements via microcontroller. It uses visible sensors to detect the fire accident. The
project helps to generate interests as well as innovations in the fields of robotics while working
towards a practical and obtainable solution to save lives and mitigate the risk of property
damage.

Fire fighters face risky situations when extinguishing fires and rescuing victims, it is an
inevitable part of being a fire fighter. In contrast, a robot can function by itself or be controlled
from a distance, which means that fire fighting and rescue activities could be executed without
putting fire fighters at risk by using robot technology instead. In other words, robots decrease
the need for fire fighters to get into dangerous situations. This robot controls by the use of
microcontroller in order to reduced loss of life and property damage. This robot uses dc motors,
wheels, microcontroller, sensors, pump and sprinkler. Microcontroller is the heart of the
project. Microcontroller controls all the parts of the robot by the use of programming. In this
robot as the fire sensor senses the fire, it sends the signal to microcontroller. Microcontroller
actuates the driver circuit and it drives the robot towards fire place, as the robot reaches near
the fire, microcontroller actuates the relay and pump switch is made ON and water is sprinkled
on the fire through the sprinkler.

Fire fighting is the act of extinguishing destructive fires. A firefighter must be able to stop fire
quickly and safely extinguish the fire, preventing further damage and rescue victims to a safer
location from the hazard. Technology has finally bridged the gap between fire fighting and
machines allowing for a more efficient and effective method of fire fighting. Robots were
designed to find a fire, before it rages out of control. The robots could one day work with fire
fighters in reducing the risk of injury to victims. To simulate the dangerous fire fighting works,
the Fire Fighting Robot Contest 2010 that was organized by University Malaysia Perlis
(UNIMAP) in the first Malaysia University Robot Contest (MUROC). Fire Fighting Robot is
a game based on an imaginary firefighter rescuing the victims and stops the fires. The Fire
Fighting Robot will autonomously move around the house (field) to rescue the victims (table
tennis ball) as much as possible and stop the fire (standard emergency candle) in the given
time.

The main function of this robot is to become an unmanned support vehicle, developed to search
and extinguish fire. There are several existing types of vehicles for firefighting at home and
extinguish forest fires. Our proposed robot is designed to be able to work on its own or be
controlled remotely. By using such robots, fire identification and rescue activities can be done
with higher security without placing fire fighters at high risk and dangerous conditions. In other
words, robots can reduce the need for fire fighters to get into dangerous situations.
Additionally, having a compact size and automatic control also allows the robot to be used
when fire occurs in small and narrow spaces with hazardous environments such as tunnels or
nuclear power plants. Thermite and FireRob are two current available fire fighter robots that
have been used widely in industry. Thermite (produced by Howe and Howe Technologies Inc)
is are fighting robot that uses a remote control and can operate as
far as 400 m. It can deliver up to 1200 gpm of water or 150 psi of foam. The size of this robot
is 187.96 cm x 88.9 cm x 139.7cm. This robot powers up to 25 bhp (18.64 kW) using a diesel
engine. The main component in the design of this robot are multi-directional nozzle that is
backed by a pump that can deliver 600 gpm (2271.25 l/min). This robot is designed for use in
extreme danger areas, such as planes fires, processing factories, chemical plants or nuclear
reactors. FireRob (Manufactured by Croatian manufacturer DOK-ING) is a fire-fighting
vehicle controlled by a single operator via remote control. It extinguishes fire without
intervention of fire fighters with a high pressure on a hydraulic arm that pumps water up to 55
m away. It also can carry 1800 litre of water and 600 litre of foam in its two on board tanks.
The coating on FireRob allows it to withstand critical temperature of 250ºC and thermal
radiation of 23 kW/m for a period of 30 minutes.
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

TITLE AUTHOR YEAR OF INFERENCE

PUBLICATION

Design and Samantha Cardoso, 2017 In this paper, the project

Implementation of Amira Salkar supposes a movable robotic
RF Based Fire vehicle
Fighting with a remote controller by
Robot using RF module and
microcontroller 8051.
Automatic Fire Keerthana Krishnan, 2022 The
Extinguisher Robot Meghana M, Nikitha Automatic Fire
Mallasure Extinguisher Robot is a
hardware-based
device designed to move in
the direction of fire power.
Fire Fighter Spy Cressida Gomes, 2017 The Fire Fighting Robot is
Robot Anaska Gomes designed to search for a fire
in a
small floor plan of a house
of the specific dimensions,
extinguish the fire with the
help of the front fan of a toy
hovercraft, and then return
to the front of the house.
Development of Fire K.Shamili Devi, 2020 This paper presents the
Fighting Robot K.Akhileshwari, development of a
(QRob) CH.Vinayaka firefighting
robot dubbed QRob that
can extinguish fire without
the need for fire fighters to
be
exposed to unnecessary
danger.

Android Phone Rutuja Wadekar, 2015 The paper analyses

controlled Robot Shweta Khatade, Sayali the motion technology to
Using Bluetooth Dugane capture gestures using an
android smart phone which
has inbuilt accelerometer
 and Bluetooth
module to control kinetics
of the robot.
Remote Controlled Phyo Wai Aun 2018 This robot is designed and
Fire Fighting Robot constructed and sense the
flame and extinguishes the
fire. The robot is fully
autonomous. It implements
the concept of
environmental sensing and
awareness of proportional
motor
control.
Intelligent Fire Poonam Sonsale, 2015 The paper proposes of an
Extinguisher System RutujaJadkar adaptive fusion
algorithm for fire detection.
It uses a smoke sensor,
flame sensor, temperature
sensor for fire detection. It
contains
intelligent multisensory
based security system that
contains a fire fighting
system in daily life.
Autonomous Fire Teh Nam Khoon 2018 The robot in this paper
Fighting Mobile follows a pre-set path
platform through a building
and uses a guide rail or
markers such as black
painted line or a tape
to navigate through the
environment until it detects
an elevated
possibility of a fire.
Intelligent Akshay Deshmukh, 2017 The goal of paper is search
firefighting tank Nikhil More, Shubham the prescribed area find the
robot Nagare fire and
extinguish it. The robot is
activated by using DTMF
transmitter and receiver.
Fire Extinguishing Sankalp Mehta , Sujata 2021 The purpose of the system
Robot using IoT Tupale proposed is to control the
robot through an android
application. The robot will
patrol
the prescribed area. The
firefighting robot is
wirelessly
connected with the Node
MCU.
 CHAPTER 3

OBJECTIVES

The general objective is to build a firefighting robot using Arduino board.

The specific objectives are as follows:

• Design and development of low-cost fire fighting robot.

• To design a robot that is able to avoid obstacles, detect fire and extinguish it.
• Run automatically firefighting robot.
• To determine the use of multiple sensors for various sensing on the robot.
• To reduce and save human life especially fire man who exposed to danger while
extinguishing the fire.
• To detect fire in the disaster-prone area
• Also provides audio and visual indications
• Extinguishes fire on detection
• Reduces the efforts on human labour and level of destruction
 CHAPTER 4

PROBLEM STATEMENT

The security of home, laboratory, office, factory and building is important to human life. We
develop security system that contains a fire protection robot using sensor. The security system
can detect abnormal and dangerous situation and notify us. First, we design a fire protection
robot with extinguisher for the intelligent building. Besides, Human had difficulties to detect
the small burnt cause by electrical appliances. The late time user takes to extinguish the fire.
User may take a late time to extinguish fire like finding the water source to extinguish fire
when want to extinguish the fire. The fire difficulties to detect the small burnt area and location
that is hard to be reach by the user. Sometimes tough fire extinguished for example spaces are
hard to see. Besides is cost the loss suffered in the event of fire slow to act.
 CHAPTER 5

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
FLOWCHART
 METHODOLOGY

The methodology is divided into three parts. The first part is on the design structure, followed
by hardware description and the finally on the programming design. All these three parts were
assembled together and experiments were then performed to build a system that can extinguish
the fire that was carried out.

The hardware part is one of the crucial parts in the development of firefighting robot. It includes
Arduino UNO, IR flame sensors, servo motors, submersible water pump, motor driver, mini
breadboard, BO motors, and rubber wheels. Fig 3 shows the block diagram of firefighting robot
which consists of three IR flame sensors as the input of the system. Arduino UNO is used as a
micro-controller that connects other components. L293D Motor driver is used to drive motors
and is capable of running two DC motors (Left DC motor and Right DC motor) at the same
time.
In this section, the prototype of robotic system is presented, in which it consists of IR flame
sensors, servo motors, submersible water pump, motor driver, mini breadboard, BO motors,
rubber wheels, processor, and communication module for exchanging data between the fire
fighting robot and Arduino software. The robot carries four main functions: First, it initializes
itself i.e. its sensors gets initializes as the power is supplied. Second, robot sense the
surrounding environment (for instance for the level of temperature) and identify the fireplace.
Third, robot sends the navigating information and starts to navigate itself towards the fireplace.
Fourth, finally the robot starts to extinguish the fire with the help of servo motors and
submersible water pump.
 CHAPTER 6
IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULT

Flame and gas sensors were used to detect the fire and smoke. These two sensors
can automatically detect fire and smoke & the robot navigates itself to the source
of the fire & start extinguishing it by using the fire extinguishing system.
The fire has to rapidly & safely extinguish by a firefighter to prevent more
damage and destruction. It is desirable to design a robot that can detect fire and
extinguish the fire as quickly as possible.
A pumping motor is being used to spray water. This can detect human presence
who is stuck in fireplaced by this project.
 CHAPTER 7

CHEMISTRY COMPONENT

Fire is the result of a chemical combustion reaction, typically a reaction between oxygen in the
atmosphere and some sort of fuel (wood or gasoline, for example). Of course, wood and
gasoline don't spontaneously catch on fire just because they're surrounded by oxygen. For the
combustion reaction to take place, the fuel has to be heated to its ignition temperature.

There are three essential elements involved in this process:

• Extreme heat
• Oxygen
• Fuel

To put a fire out, you need to effectively remove one of these elements.

• The best way to remove heat is to dump water on the fire. This cools the fuel to
below the ignition point, interrupting the combustion cycle.
• To remove oxygen, you can smother the fire so it is not exposed to air. One way
to smother a small fire is to cover it with a heavy blanket.
• Removing the fuel is the most difficult approach for most fires. In a house fire,
for example, the house itself is potential fuel. The fuel will only be removed
once the fire has burned all of it up.
Once the fire starts, it provides heat and keeps burning. That is why throwing water on a fire
puts it out. When water hits fire it boils, turns to steam and floats away, taking some heat with
it. It also prevents oxygen from reaching the fuel. Most fire extinguishers work by separating
the fuel from the oxygen. The oxygen comes from the air. It is the same oxygen we breathe.
Since the oxygen has to be in contact with the fuel, if you can coat the fuel with something that
keeps the oxygen away, the fire will go out.

Fire robot starts spraying water over the places where the fire has occurred, water starts to cool
down the temperature of the fire. As the temperature starts to fall down, due to the continuous
spraying of water, it finally comes down below the ignition temperature of the fuel. So fuel
cannot be ignited anymore, thus it prevents the fire from spreading.
 PIC COMPONENT
Programming is the core element in building an autonomous robot which able it to make its
own decisions using sensors as feedback. The program code is written using Arduino IDE.

CODE:
#include <Servo.h>
Servo myservo;
//include
int pos = 0 ;
boolean fire = false;
#define Left 9
#define Right 10
#define Forward 8
//I left sensor
// right sensor
//front sensor
#define LM1 2
#define LM2 3
#define RM1 4
#define RM2 5
const int pwm = 13 ;
const int in_1 = 6 ;
const int in_2 = 7 ;

// left motor
// left motor
// right motor
// right motor
void setup()
{
pinMode(Left,
INPUT);
pinMode(Right,
INPUT);
pinMode (Forward, INPUT) ;
pinMode (LM1 , OUTPUT) ;
pinMode (LM2, OUTPUT);
pinMode (RM1 , OUTPUT);
pinMode (RM2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(pwm,OUTPUT) ; //we have to set PWM pin as output
pinMode(in_1,OUTPUT) ; //Logic pins are also set as output
pinMode(in_2,OUTPUT) ;
myservo.attach(11);
myservo.write(90);
}
void put_off_fire(){
delay (500) ;
digitalWrite(LM1, HIGH) ;
digitalWrite(LM2, HIGH);
digitalWrite (RM1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(RM2, HIGH) ;
digitalWrite(in_1,HIGH) ;
digitalWrite(in_2,LOW) ;
analogWrite(pwm,255) ;
delay (500) ;
for (pos = 50; pos <= 130; pos+=1)
{
myservo.write(pos);
delay(10);
}
for(pos=130; pos >= 50; pos-=1)
{
myservo.write(pos);
delay(10);
}
digitalWrite(in_1,HIGH) ;
digitalWrite(in_2,HIGH 9) ;
analogWrite(pwm,255) ;
myservo.write(90);
fire=false;
}
void loop()
{
myservo.write(90);
//Sweep _Servo() ;
if (digitalRead (Left) ==1 && digitalRead(Right)==1 &&
digitalRead(Forward)==1)
{
digitalWrite (LM1 , HIGH) ;
digitalWrite(LM2, HIGH) ;
digitalWrite(RM1, HIGH) ;
digitalWrite (RM2, HIGH) ;
}
else if (digitalRead (Forward)
==0)
{
digitalWrite (LM1 , HIGH) ;
digitalWrite (LM2, LOW);
digitalWrite(RM1, HIGH);
digitalWrite (RM2, LOW) ;
fire= true;
}
else if (digitalRead(Left) ==0)
{
digitalWrite(LM1, HIGH) ;
digitalWrite(LM2, LOW) ;
digitalWrite (RM1, HIGH) ;
digitalWrite(RM2, HIGH) ;
}
else if (digitalRead(Right) ==0)
{
digitalWrite (LM1, HIGH) ;
digitalWrite(LM2, HIGH) ;
digitalWrite (RM1, HIGH) ;
digitalWrite(RM2, LOW);
}
else if (digitalRead (Forward)==0)
{
digitalWrite(LM1, HIGH) ;
digitalWrite(LM2, LOW);
digitalWrite(RM1, HIGH) ;
digitalWrite(RM2, LOW) ;
fire
= true;
}
else if (digitalRead(Left)==0)
{
digitalWrite (LM1 , HIGH) ;
digitalWrite(LM2, LOW) ;
digitalWrite (RM1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(RM2, HIGH);
}
else if (digitalRead(Right)==0)
{
digitalWrite(LM1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LM2, HIGH) ;
digitalWrite(RM1, HIGH) ;
digitalWrite(RM2, LOW) ;
}
delay (300); //change this value to increase the distance
while (fire == true)
{

put_off_fire();
}
}
FLOWCHART
 ELECTRONICS COMPONENT

Figure 7.1 Arduino UNO board.

Arduino is basically a micro-controller kit that is used to get data from peripheral devices
(sensors, motors, etc.). The Arduino UNO Micro-controller board is based on the ATmega328P
IC. The ATmega328P is good platform for robotics application which makes robot to
extinguish fire in real time. Arduino UNO board consist the sets of digital and analog pins that
may act as an interface to various expansion boards and other circuits. It contains everything
needed to support the microcontroller.

The major components of Arduino UNO board are as follows:

• USB connector
• Power port
• Microcontroller
• Analog input pins
• Digital pins
• Reset switch
• Crystal oscillator
• USB interface chip
• TX RX LEDs
7.1.1 USB connector:
This is a printer USB port used to load a program from the Arduino IDE onto the Arduino
board. The board can also be powered through this port.

7.1.2 Power port:

The Arduino board can be powered through an AC-to-DC adapter or a battery. The power
source can be connected by plugging in a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the power jack of
the board.
The Arduino UNO board operates at a voltage of 5 volts, but it can withstand a maximum
voltage of 20 volts. If the board is supplied with a higher voltage, there is a voltage regulator
(it sits between the power port and USB connector) that protects the board from burning out.

7.1.3 Microcontroller:
It is the most prominent black rectangular chip with 28 pins. Think of it as the brains of your
Arduino. The microcontroller used on the UNO board is Atmega328P by Atmel ( a major
microcontroller manufacturer). Atmega328P has the following components in it:
• Flash memory of 32KB. The program loaded from Arduino IDE is stored here.
• RAM of 2KB. This is a runtime memory.
• CPU: It controls everything that goes on within the device. It fetches the
program instructions from flash memory and runs them with the help of RAM.
• Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM) of
1KB. This is a type of non-volatile memory, and it keeps the data even after
device restart and reset.
Atmega328P is pre-programmed with bootloader. This allows you to directly upload a new
Arduino program into the device, without using any external hardware programmer, making
the Arduino UNO board easy to use.

7.1.5 Analog input pins:

The Arduino UNO board has 6 analog input pins, labelled “Analog 0 to 5.” These pins can read
the signal from an analog sensor like a temperature sensor and convert it into a digital value so
that the system understands. These pins just measure voltage and not the current because they
have very high internal resistance. Hence, only a small amount of current flows through these
pins.
Although these pins are labelled analog and are analog input by default, these pins can also be
used for digital input or output.

7.1.6 Digital pins:

You can find these pins labelled “Digital 0 to 13.” These pins can be used as either input or
output pins. When used as output, these pins act as a power supply source for the components
connected to them. When used as input pins, they read the signals from the component
connected to them.
When digital pins are used as output pins, they supply 40 milliamps of current at 5 volts, which
is more than enough to light an LED.
Some of the digital pins are labelled with tilde (~) symbol next to the pin numbers (pin numbers
3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11). These pins act as normal digital pins but can also be used for Pulse-
Width Modulation (PWM), which simulates analog output like fading an LED in and out.

7.1.7 Reset switch:

When this switch is clicked, it sends a logical pulse to the reset pin of the Microcontroller,
and now runs the program again from the start. This can be very useful if your code doesn’t
repeat, but you want to test it multiple times.

7.1.8 Crystal oscillator:

This is a quartz crystal oscillator which ticks 16 million times a second. On each tick, the
microcontroller performs one operation, for example, addition, subtraction, etc.

7.1.9 USB INTERFACE CHIP

Think of this as a signal translator. It converts signals in the USB level to a level that an Arduino
UNO board understands.

7.1.10 TX RX LEDs:
TX stands for transmit, and RX for receive. These are indicator LEDs which blink whenever
the UNO board is transmitting or receiving data. Now that you have explored the Arduino UNO
board, you have started your journey toward building your first IoT prototype. In the next
article, we will discuss Arduino programming and do a few experiments with Arduino and
LEDs.
7.2 IR Flame Sensor:
The IR flame sensor senses the environment and detects the presence of fire or flame. The
module is based on the IR receiver and basically detects the presence of flammable and harmful
gases likes nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon mono oxide. The signal detection capacity is adjustable.
The robot contains three flame sensors.

7.3 L293D Motor Driver:

Figure 7.2 L293D Motor Driver

Fig 7.2 shows the L293D Motor Driver. L293D is a Motor Driver or Motor Driver IC which is
responsible for the movement of DC motor on either direction. L293D is a 16-pin IC through
which we are able to run two DC motors simultaneously in any direction.

7.3 Servo Motors:

Figure 7.3 Servo Motor

Servo Motors are electronic devices that are mainly used for providing specific velocity and
acceleration.
7.4 Submersible Water Pump:

Fig 7.4 Submersible Water Pump.

Submersible Water Pump is ideal for making automatic watering system using Arduino. The
water pump is an important part of the robot as it will pump water to extinguish the fire.

7.5 BO Motors:

Fig 7.5 BO Motor.

BO Motor is a dual shaft motor having 300rpm.It converts electrical energy into mechanical
energy. It is the replacement to our metal gear DC motors. Our robot uses four dual shaft
motors.
 MECHANICAL COMPONENT

Robotics is an interdisciplinary subject involving information, electronics, mechanics,

automation, and control theory [3]. A robot is an electromechanical device with multiple
degrees of freedom that can be programmed to execute a variety of tasks [4]. Sensors or the
sensory system acquires data on the internal and external environment which involves design
of sensors, data processing, signal conditioning and information retrieval.

General Parts of a Robot

• Controller: According to the controller coordinates all the movements of the

mechanical system. It receives inputs from the immediate environment through sensors
and also from the remote control/manipulation by an operator. According to [5] there
are three levels of hierarchical control by the controller. Control signals are sent from
lower levels, while feedback results are sent to the higher levels.

➢ Level 1 - Actuator Control. This is the elementary level. Separate motions of

the robot along various planes (x, y and z) are controlled here.
➢ Level 2 - Path Control. This level coordinates the various movements along
the planes determined in the first level into the desired path.
➢ Level 3 - Main Control. This is the highest control level. Its function is to
interpret the coded instructions from a human programmer regarding the tasks
and works required to be done. Together with various environmental signals,
the instructions are trans-lated by the controller into more elementary
instructions that Level 2 can understand.

• Manipulator: The manipulator is an electromechanical device capable of

interacting with its environment. The manipulator has segments that are joined
together to allow the robot to do work. It is the arm of the robot (like the human
arm), providing useful work by moving materials, parts, tools, or special devices
through various motions.
• End Effector: An end effector is a tool, gripper, or any other device that is
mounted at the end of a manipulator for accomplishing the task. The area within
 reach of the robot end effector is called its work envelope [5]. In the case of the
firefighting robot, the end effector will be the nozzle.

• Sensors: A robot requires sensing to be an active member in the environment. Each

sensor is founded on a transduction principle which is the conversion of energy from
one form to another. Sensors can be classified as proprioceptive and exteroceptive.
Proprioceptive means sense of self or internal state in which the sensor measures values
internally to the system robot for example battery level, wheel position, joint angle.
Exteroceptive means the external state.
 MATHEMATICS COMPONENT
FUZZY LOGIC

The word fuzzy refers to things which are not clear or are vague. Any event, process, or
function that is changing continuously cannot always be defined as either true or false, which
means that we need to define such activities in a Fuzzy manner.

Fuzzy logic is an approach to computing based on "degrees of truth" rather than the usual "true
or false" (1 or 0) Boolean logic on which the modern computer is based. Fuzzy Logic was
introduced in 1965 by Lofti A. Zadeh in his research paper “Fuzzy Sets”. He is considered as
the father of Fuzzy Logic.
Take a look at the following diagram. It shows that in fuzzy systems, the values are indicated
by a number in the range from 0 to 1. Here 1.0 represents absolute truth and 0.0
represents absolute falseness. The number which indicates the value in fuzzy systems is called
the truth value.

In other words, we can say that fuzzy logic is not logic that is fuzzy, but logic that is used to
describe fuzziness. There can be numerous other examples like this with the help of which we
can understand the concept of fuzzy logic.

Another example can be, let’s say speed above 40 is fast and slow otherwise. In Boolean logic
there are only two outputs either fast (1) or slow (0). But slight deviation from 40, say 39.9
doesn’t make it slow or 41.1 doesn’t make it fast noticeably. Hence, we use fuzzy logic to
represent degree of speed, that is, how fast or slow the particle is.
What is Fuzzy Control?
It is technique to embody human like thinking into a control system. It might not be designed
to give accurate readings but acceptable readings. It can emulate human deductive thinking,
that is, the process people use to infer conclusions from what they know. Any uncertainties can
be easily dealt with fuzzy logic.

Advantages of Fuzzy Logic System

• This system can work with any type of inputs whether it is imprecise, distorted or noisy
input information.
• The construction of Fuzzy Logic Systems is easy and understandable.
• Fuzzy logic comes with mathematical concepts of set theory and the reasoning of that
is quite simple.
• It provides a very efficient solution to complex problems in all fields of life as it
resembles human reasoning and decision-making.
• The algorithms can be described with little data, so little memory is required.
Disadvantages of Fuzzy Logic Systems

• Many researchers proposed different ways to solve a given problem through fuzzy logic
which leads to ambiguity. There is no systematic approach to solve a given problem
through fuzzy logic.
• Proof of its characteristics is difficult or impossible in most cases because every time
we do not get a mathematical description of our approach.
• As fuzzy logic works on precise as well as imprecise data so most of the time accuracy
is compromised.
Application

• It is used in the aerospace field for altitude control of spacecraft and satellites.
• It has been used in the automotive system for speed control, traffic control.
• It is used for decision-making support systems and personal evaluation in the large
company business.
• It has application in the chemical industry for controlling the pH, drying, chemical
distillation process.
• Fuzzy logic is used in Natural language processing and various intensive applications
in Artificial Intelligence.
• Fuzzy logic is extensively used in modern control systems such as expert systems.
• Fuzzy Logic is used with Neural Networks as it mimics how a person would make
decisions, only much faster. It is done by Aggregation of data and changing it into more
meaningful data by forming partial truths as Fuzzy sets.
How is fuzzy logic used in the robot?
In the robot using Boolean logic would cause wastage of water and also in some cases fire
might not be extinguished as there ae only two outputs, that is, either pump the water or not. If
the fire requires less water than the water being pumped then there will be wastage of water.
And if the fire requires more water, then the fire will not be extinguished.
Using fuzzy logic, the intensity of the fire can be determined and accordingly the water can be
pumped. For example, if the intensity of the fire detected is 0.5 then half of the water that can
be pumped will be pumped.
 CHAPTER 8
REFERENCES

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