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Advanced Level CHEMISTRY - Kasun Sandaruwan - Advanced Level CHEMISTRY - Kasun Sandaruwan - Advanced Level CHEMISTRY - Kasun Sandaruwan - Advanced
w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h ridhk úoHdj - liqka i`orejka - w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h ridhk úoHdj - liqka i`orejka - w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h ridhk úoHdj
Advanced Level CHEMISTRY - Kasun Sandaruwan - Advanced Level CHEMISTRY - Kasun Sandaruwan - Advanced Level CHEMISTRY - Kasun Sandaruwan - Advanced
w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h ridhk úoHdj - liqka i`orejka - w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h ridhk úoHdj - liqka i`orejka - w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h ridhk úoHdj

wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% ^Wiia fm<& úNd.h" wf.daia;=

General Certificate of Education (Adv. Level) Examination, August

ridhk úoHdj
Chemisrty
Marking Scheme No. - #01 02 S II

3+ 2+ 3- 3-
(01). (a). ii). Al < mg < N < P ii). C < N < F < O
iii). MgCl2 < AlCl3 < SiCl4 < PCl5 iv). I2 < K2Cr2O7 < KMnO4 < F2
v). PF3 < PH3 < CF4 < BF3 vi). H2O < CH3OH < OH < CH3O
2- 2- 5 ´7
vii). CO < C2O4 < CO3 < CO2
a =35

(b). ii). A N B O
ii). O

N N O 5

iii). O O O

N N O N N O N N O 5 ´3
wm ridhk úoHdfõ
O O m%;sM, jxY l;dj O
w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''

iv).
liqka
i`orejka
C1 C2 C4 N5
^1& uqyqïlrKh sp2 sp3 sp3 sp3
^2& bf,lafg%dak hq., cHdñ;sh ;,Sh ;%sfldaKdldr p;=ia;,Sh p;=ia;,Sh p;=ia;,Sh
^3& mrudKqj jgd yevh ;,Sh ;%sfldaKdldr p;=ia;,Sh flda‚l ;%shdk;s msróãh
^4& TlaislrK wxlh +3 -1 -2 -3
o o o
^5& nkaOk fldaKh 120 109.5 104 107o
^6& ixhqc;djh 4 4 2 3
1 ´ 24
2 3
v). (1) C1 sp O4 sp
3
(2) C2 sp C1 sp2
(3) C2 sp3 N5 sp3
(4) N5 sp3 H 1s
(5) C1 sp 2
O3 2p 2 ´ 5

(c). (1) i;Hh (2) wi;Hh (3) i;Hh (4) wi;Hh (5) wi;Hh 2 ´ 5
b =35
^1 m%Yakh } 100&

zzukqoï imsß wfma ridhk úoHd mka;sh''''ZZ 01 wm ridhk úoHdfõ m%;sM, jxY l;dj w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
liqka i`orejka - B.Sc. - Engineering
 (02). (a). ii). X O ^Tlaiscka& 5 Y S ^i,a*¾& 5 Z SO2 3 Q SO3 2
ii). X vhs Tlaiscka (O2)
´fidaka (O3) 2 ´2

Y frdïniSh i,a*¾ (a)

tAldka;a i,a*¾ (b)
iqúld¾h i,a*¾ ^g" ma,diaála&
l,s, i,a*¾ ^lsß i,a*¾& 2 ´4

iii). -2, +4, +6 1 ´3

iv). 2H2SO4 + 3S 3SO2 + 2H2O 4

v). (1) A H 2O 2 B H 2O C H 2S 2 ´3

(2) A (-1) B (-2) C (-2) 1 ´3

3 3 3
(3) A sp B sp C sp 1 ´3

vi). (1) H2O + NH3 NH4 + OH 5

(2) H2O + HCl H3O + Cl 5

(3) 2H2O + 2Na 2NaOH + H2 5

(4) 2H2O + 2F2 4HF + O2 5

vii). (1) 2Na + H2S Na2S + H2 5

2- 3
(2) 3H2S + 8H + Cr2O7 5
wmCrridhk
+ 7H 2O
úoHdfõ + 3S
m%;sM, jxY l;dj a =76
w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
(b).
NdIañl Tlaihsv wdï,sl Tlaihsv liqWNh.=
ka Œ Tlaihsv WÞiSk Tlaihsv
MgO CO2 i`orejka Cr2O3 CO
MnO N2O5 ZnO N 2O
Bi2O3 CrO3 MnO2 NO
b =24
3 ^2 m%Yakh } 100&
C(g)
(03). (a). ii). KC = 2 5
A2(g) B(g)

(0.3 mol dm-3)3

KC = 3
(0.4 mol dm-3) (0.1 mol dm-3)2

27
KC = = 6.75 3
4

ii). A2 (g) + 2B (g) 3C (g)

wdrïNl ujq, a b 0 mol

3
iu;=,s; ujq, a-x b- 2x 3x mol
0.4 0.1 0.3 mol

a - x = 0.4 b - 2x = 0.1 3x = 0.3

a = 0.5 b = 0.3 3 ´ 2 x = 0.1 3

wdrïNl A2(g) ujq, .Kk = 0.5 mol

B2(g) ujq, .Kk = 0.3 mol

zzukqoï imsß wfma ridhk úoHd mka;sh''''ZZ 02 wm ridhk úoHdfõ m%;sM, jxY l;dj w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
liqka i`orejka - B.Sc. - Engineering
 3

C
t
iii). QC = 5
A2(g) B(g)
t

(0.3)3 (mol dm-3)3 3

=
(0.6) (0.3)3 (mol dm-3)3

= 0.5 3

QC < KC ; \ m%;sl%shdj bÈßhg isÿ fõ' 3 + 3

^m%;sl%shl isg M, olajd& 17

iv).
idJøKh
mol dm-3

0.5
[B]
[A]
0.4
m<uq iu;=,s;h ( 5
fojk iu;=,s;h ( 5
0.3

0.2

[C]
0.1
wm ridhk úoHdfõ
m%;sM, jxY l;dj
0 5 10 15 w¨;s20 25'''
ka ,shkafkuq ld,h $ s a =50
liqka
(b). ii). R = k[A] [B] [C] x y z
i`orejka
-3 -3 -1
ii). 1.05 ´ 10 mol dm s 2
-2 -3 x -2 -3 y -2 -3 z
= (1 ´ 10 mol dm ) (1 ´ 10 mol dm ) (1 ´ 10 mol dm ) (1)
-3 -3 -1
0.51 ´ 10 mol dm s

= (5 ´ 10-3 mol dm-3 )x (1 ´ 10-2 mol dm-3 )y (1 ´ 10-2 mol dm-3 )z (2)
-3 -3 -1
2.01 ´ 10 mol dm s

= (1 ´ 10-2 mol dm-3 )x (2 ´ 10-2 mol dm-3 )y (1 ´ 10-2 mol dm-3 )z (3)
-3 -3 -1
4.12 ´ 10 mol dm s

= (1 ´ 10-2 mol dm-3 )x (1 ´ 10-2 mol dm-3 )y (2 ´ 10-2 mol dm-3 )z (4)
3 ´ 4
x
(1)
(2)
1.05
0.51
= ( (
1
0.5
x = 1 3

y
(1)
(3)
1.05
2.01
= ((
1
2
y = 1 3

Z
(1)
(4)
1.05
4.12
= ((
1
2
z = 2 3

2
R = k[A] [B] [C] 1

iuia; fm, ( 4 1

zzukqoï imsß wfma ridhk úoHd mka;sh''''ZZ 03 wm ridhk úoHdfõ m%;sM, jxY l;dj w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
liqka i`orejka - B.Sc. - Engineering
 R 1.05 ´ 10-3 mol dm-3 s-1
iii). K = 2 =
[A] [B] [C] (1 ´ 10-2) (1 ´ 10-2) (1 ´ 10-2)2 (mol dm-3)4

K = 1.05 ´ 105 (mol dm-3)-3 s-1 5

iv). R = 1.05 ´ 105 mol-3 dm9 s-1 ´ (2 ´ 10-2) ´ (2 ´ 10-2) ´ (2 ´ 10-2)2 (mol dm-3)4 5
-3 -3 -1
R = 16.8 ´ 10 mol dm s
d 1 d 1 d
R =- [A] = [X] = [Y] 3
dt 2 dt 3 dt

A m%;sl%shlh jehùfï iS>%;djh = - d [A]

dt
= 16.8 ´ 10-3 mol dm-3 s-1 4

1 d -3 -3 -1
X M, iE§fï iS>%;djh = 2 dt [X] = 2 ´16.8 ´ 10 mol dm s

= 33.6 ´ 10-3 mol dm-3 s-1 4

1 d -3 -3 -1
Y M, iE§fï iS>%;djh = 3 dt [Y] = 3 ´16.8 ´ 10 mol dm s

= 50.4 ´ 10-3 mol dm-3 s-1 4

b =50
^3 m%Yakh } 100&

(04). (a). ii). P

CH3

CH2CH2 C OHwm ridhk úoHdfõ

m%;sM, jxY l;dj
w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''S CH3
fyda CH3
CH2CH3
liqka CH2 C CH2OH
i`orejka
C OH CH3

CH2CH3
4 ´ 2

ii). CH3

C CH2CH2OH C CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH

CH3
4 ´ 2

iii).
Q

CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH

4
iv).
W

CH2CH2 CH CH CH3

4
zzukqoï imsß wfma ridhk úoHd mka;sh''''ZZ 04 wm ridhk úoHdfõ m%;sM, jxY l;dj w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
liqka i`orejka - B.Sc. - Engineering
 v).
H H H CH3
C C C C
H
CH2 CH3 CH2

3 ´ 2
a =30

(b). ii).
m%;sldrl yd m%;sl%shd l%shdldÍjk ldnka hdka;%K bf,lafg%da*hs,h $
;;a;aj mrudKqj $ mrudKq j¾.h kHqla,sfhda*hs,h

1 c,Sh uOHidr
1 AN CN
KCN

2 Br2 / CCl4 3 4 AE Br
,

3 idJø HNO3 iy
III, V SE
idJø H2SO4 NO2

4 CH3CHO iu`. O
;kQl NaOH 2 AN CH2 C H
2 ´ 14
b =28

(c). ii). a Cl2 / hu b Fe / Br2 fyda FeBr2 / Br2

wm ridhk úoHdfõ
ii). c Zn / Hg / con. HCl d (i) LiAlH4 (ii) H2O fyda NaBH4
m%;sM, jxY l;dj
iii). e CH3MgBr f (i) LiAlHw¨;s ka ,shkafkuq'''
4 (ii) H2O 3 ´ 6

3
liqka
iv). i`
d+ 3 orejka
d-
Br Br AlBr3 Br Br AlBr3
CH3 CH3

d+ d-
Br Br AlBr3 AlBr4
4
3 H Br

CH3 CH3 CH3

2
AlBr4
3

1
H Br Br H Br H

1 1 1

CH3

+ HBr + AlBr3 c =24

1 1 ^4 m%Yakh } 30 + 28 + 42 = 100&
Br

zzukqoï imsß wfma ridhk úoHd mka;sh''''ZZ 05 wm ridhk úoHdfõ m%;sM, jxY l;dj w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
liqka i`orejka - B.Sc. - Engineering
 B - fldgi - rpkd

(02). (a). ii). tlsfkl iuÕ iam¾Y fjñka mj;sk wñY% ødjK foll hï øjHhla jHdma;j .;sl iu;=,s;;djhg
m;aj we;s úg wñY% ødjl fol ;=< mj;sk øjH idJøK w;r wkqmd;h ksh; WIaK;ajfha § ksh;hls'
10
ii). ødjl fol uq¿ukska u wñY% úh hq;= h'
ødjl fol tlsfkl iam¾Y fjñka mej;sh hq;= w;r ia;r meyeÈ,sj fjkaj ;sìh hq;= h'
ødjHh ødjl fol ;=<§ u tlu wKql wdldrfhka mej;sh hq;= h' 3 ´ 3
a =19

(b). ii).

Q MB 10 cm3

H2O 50 cm3

[Q]MB
KD = 5
[Q]H O
2

99
M mol dm-3
-3
10 ´ 10 10
=
1
M mol dm-3
5 ´ 10-3
KD = 495 5
0.025 mol dm-3/35 cm3
ii). wm ridhk úoHdfõ
m%;sM, jxY l;dj
C4HgNH2 w¨;ska ,shkaMB
fkuq'''70 cm3

C4HgNH2 + H2O
liqk
C4Hg+NH3(aq)+ OH(aq) HOa 35 cm
2
3

i`orejka
(1). pH = 10
p(OH) = 10
5
[OH [ = 1 ´ 10 -4
mol dm-3

(2). [RNH2]MB
=5 5
[RNH2]H O MB ;=< RNH2 m%udKh x mol o"
2

c, ia:rh ;=< RNH2 , y mol o"

x c, ia:rfha § ú>gkhg ,la jQ RNH2 m%udKh
70 ´ 10-3 2 mol o hehs is;uq'"
y =5
35 ´ 10-3
x = 10 (1) 5
y

RNH2(aq) + H2O RNH3(aq) + OH(aq) 5

pOH = 4
[ OH [ -4
= 1 ´ 10 mol dm-3

zzukqoï imsß wfma ridhk úoHd mka;sh''''ZZ 06 wm ridhk úoHdfõ m%;sM, jxY l;dj w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
liqka i`orejka - B.Sc. - Engineering
 [R+NH3(aq)] [ OH(aq)]
Kb = 5
[RNH2(aq)]

-4
8 ´ 10 mol dm -3
=
( 35 ´z 10 ( (1 ´ 10 ) mol dm
-3
-4 2 -6

5
( 35 ´y 10 ( -3

z =8 (2) 5
y

kuq;a" 0.025 ´ 35 ´ 10-3 = (x + y + z) 5

= 10y + y + 8y
3
y = 1.32 ´ 10 mol dm
-3 4 + 2
b =66

(c). ii). iïu; ;;aj hgf;a § ^fok ,o WIa' 1 atm& jdhquh m%fNaohl nkaOk ujq,hla ne| jdhquh wjia:dfõ
mj;sk ix>gl m%fNao njg m;alsÍfï § isÿjk tka;e,ams úm¾hdih hs' 10
O
-1
ii). 3C(s, gr) + 3H2(g) + 1/2O2(g) -249 kJ mol CH3 C CH3(l) 2
5

(715 ´ 3) kJ mol-1 (218 ´ 6) kJ mol-1 249 kJ mol-1

5 5 5 DHF

3C(g) + 6H(g) + O(g)

wm ridhk úoHdfõ
-249 kJ mol-1 + DHF = (715 3 + 218 ´ 6 + 249) kJ
m%;mol
-1
sM, jxY l;dj 5
F
DH = 3951kJ mol -1
w¨;ska ,shkafkuq''' 5

O
liqka
i`orejka
iii). CH3 C CH3(l) 3C(g) + 6H(g) + O(g)
DHF = (C C) ´ 2 + 6(C H) + (C O) 5
F
DH = (348 ´ 2) + (6 ´ 412) + (743) 5
F -1
DH = 3916 kJ mol 3

iv). nkaOk ú>gk tka;e,ams ks¾Kh lrkqfha jdhquh m%fNao i|yd h' kuq;a Propanone iïu; ;;a;aj
hgf;a § øjhls' 5
ixfhda.h wkqj nkaOk ú>gk tka;e,amsh fjkia neúka uOHkH nkaOk ú>gk tka;e,ams fhdÞ.kS'
5
c =65

^5 m%Yakh = 100&

(06). (a). ii). A HCl(aq) + H2O(l) H3O(aq) + Cl(aq) 2

0.2 0.2 0.2 mol dm-3 2

pH = - log10 H3O(aq) 2

pH = - log (0.2)
pH = 0.6989 2

B CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l) CH3COO(aq) + H3O(aq) 3

(0.2 - x) x x 2

zzukqoï imsß wfma ridhk úoHd mka;sh''''ZZ 07 wm ridhk úoHdfõ m%;sM, jxY l;dj w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
liqka i`orejka - B.Sc. - Engineering
 CH3COO(aq) H3O(aq)
Ka = 2
CH3COOH(aq)

x2
1.8 ´ 10-5 mol dm-3 = 2
(0.2 - x)
-3 -3
= 1.897 ´ 10 mol dm
-3
pH = - log10(1.897 ´ 10 )
pH = 3 - log 1.897
pH = 2.72 3

tlsfkl ñY% l< miq

-3 -3
CH3COOH = 0.1 mol dm HCl = 0.1 mol dm

CH3COOH wï,h ÿ¾j,j whkSlrKh jk ksid bka iemfhk H whk j,g idfmaCIj HCl f.ka
iemfhk H whk idJøKh jeä ksid
HCl(aq) + H2O(l) H3O(aq) + Cl(aq) 3
-3
0.1 0.1 mol dm
pH = - log (0.1)
pH = 1 2

iii). NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) 2

0.1 mol 0.2 ´ 500 ´ 10-3

0.1 mol 3
wm ridhk úoHdfõ
HCl ujq, ish,a, iuÕ m%;sl%shd lr b;sm%ß;jk l;djujq, m%udKh"
NaOH
sM, jxY
w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
liqka
= ( 405 - 0.1( mol
i`orejka = 0.025 mol 2

CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) CH3COO Na(aq) + H2O(l) 2

0.2 ´ 500 ´ 10-3 0.025 mol 2

(0.1 - 0.025) 0.025 mol 2

0.075 mol 5
-3
[CH3COOH] = 0.075 mol dm 2

[CH3COO Na] = 0.025 mol dm-3 2

fuh iajdrCIl ødjKhls'

,jK[
pH = pKa + log [ 5
[wï,[

pH = - log10 (1.8 ´ 105) + log (0.025) 2

(0.075)

pH = 4.26 5

iv). fuu ødjK ñY%Kfha ÿn, wï,h yd tys ixhq.aul NIauh ñY% ùfuka iajdrCIl ødjKhla iE§ we;' 3
v). CH3COOH wï,fha ú>gkh ÿ¾j, ksid bka iemfhk H whk m%udKh fkdi,ld yÍ'
ødjK ñY% lsÍfï § mßud úm¾hdihla isÿ fkdjk nj
ødjK ñY% lsÍfï § WIaK;aj úm¾hdihla isÿ fkdjk nj 1 ´ 3
a =65

zzukqoï imsß wfma ridhk úoHd mka;sh''''ZZ 08 wm ridhk úoHdfõ m%;sM, jxY l;dj w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
liqka i`orejka - B.Sc. - Engineering
 2
(b). ii). A2B3(s) 2A(aq) + B3(aq) 3
2
2
A(aq) B3(aq)
KC = 3
A2B3(s)
2 2
KC . A2B3(s) = A(aq) B3(aq) 2
2 2
KSP = A(aq) B3(aq) 2

>klh idJøKh ksh; WIaK;ajfha § ksh;hla fõ'

ii). (1) ñY%l< fudfydf;a AgNO3 = 0.05 mol dm-3 2

AgNO3(aq) Ag(aq) + NO3(aq) 2

-3
0.05 0.05 0.05 mol dm 2
Ag(aq) = 0.05 mol dm-3

ñY%l< fudfydf;a KCl = 0.05 mol dm-3 2

KCl(aq) K(aq) + Cl(aq) 2

0.05 mol dm-3 2

wjlafIamkhg wod, iólrKh"
Ag(aq) + Cl(aq) AgCl(aq) 2

whksl .=‚;h = Ag(aq) Cl(aq) 3

= (0.05 mol dm-3) (0.05 mol dm-3) = 25 ´ 10-4 mol2 dm-6 3

whksl .=‚;h > KSP (AgCl)
wm ridhk úoHdfõ
\ AgCl wjlafIam fõ' m%;sM, jxY l;dj
(2) Ag whk yd Cl whk m%;sl%shd jkqfhaka ,s1 h(kaf1kuq
w¨;s ujq''' , wkqmd;fhks' tAjd ñY%lr we;af;a o 1 ( 1 ujq,
liqka
wkqmd;fhka u ksid iu;=,s;;djfha § b;sßj mj;sk Ag yd Cl idJøK w;r wkqmd;h o 1 ( 1 fõ'
5
i`orejka
-3
\ Ag(aq) = Cl(aq) = x mol dm

KSP = Ag(aq) Cl(aq) 5

1.6 ´ 10-10 mol2 dm-6 = x2

x = 1.265 ´ 10-5 mol dm-3 3 +2

(2) Ag whk yd Cl whk m%;sl%shd jkqfha 1 ( 1 ujq, wkqmd;fhks' tAjd ñY%lr we;af;a o 1 ( 1 ujq,
wkqmd;fhka u ksid iu;=,s;;djfha § b;sßj mj;sk Ag yd Cl idJøK w;r wkqmd;h o 1 ( 1 fõ'
5
1.265 ´ 10-5 mol dm-3
(3) KBr ñY% l< fudfydf;a Ag(aq) = 3
3
-5 -3
= 0.633 ´ 10 mol dm 2
0.1 mol dm-3 -3
ñY% l< fudfydf;a KBr = = 0.05 mol dm 2
2
KBr(aq) K(aq) + Br(aq)
0.05 mol dm-3 3
Ag(aq) + Br(aq) AgBr(s) 3

whksl .=‚;h = Ag(aq) Br(aq) 2

-5 -3 -3
= (0.633 ´ 10 mol dm ) (0.05 mol dm )
= 3.165 ´ 10-7 mol2 dm-6 2
whksl .=‚;h > AgBr (KSP) 2
\ AgBr wjlafIam fõ' 1
zzukqoï imsß wfma ridhk úoHd mka;sh''''ZZ 09 wm ridhk úoHdfõ m%;sM, jxY l;dj w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
liqka i`orejka - B.Sc. - Engineering
 (3) ix;Dma; AgBr ødjKh ;=< b;sßj mj;sk [Ag+] fidhuq' Ag+ whk yd Br- whk m%;sls%hd lrkqfha
1 ( 1 ujq, wkqmd;fhks' tfy;a Ag+ idJøKh iuÕ ii|k l, Br- whk idJøKh by< w.hl mj;S'
tneúka iu;=,s;;djfha § b;sß j mj;sk [Br-] = 5 ´ 10-2 mol dm-3 hehs o is;uq' 4

\ b;sßj mj;sk [Ag ] = y mol dm-3 kï"

Ag(aq) Br(aq) = KSP

y(5 ´ 10-2 mol dm-3) = 7.7 ´ 10-13 mol2 dm-6 2

y = 1.54 ´ 10-11 mol dm-3 2
-3
ñY%l< fudfydf;a [KI] = 0.05 mol dm 2
Ag(aq) + I AgI(s) 2

whksl .=‚;h = Ag(aq) I(aq) 2

-11 -3 -3
= (0.77 ´ 10 mol dm )(0.05 mol dm ) 2
-13 2 -6
= 3.85 ´ 10 mol dm 2

whksl .=‚;h > AgI (KSP)

\ AgI wjlafIam fõ' 2
b =85
^6 m%Yakh } 150&

(07). (a). ii). c,Sh ødjK j, § mQ¾K f,i ú>gkhg Ndckh jk øjH m%n, úoHq;a úÉfþoHh f,i y÷kajk w;r
ÿn, f,i ú>gkh jk øjH ÿn, úoHq;a úÉfþoH f,i y÷kajhs' 2 ´2

m%n, úoHq;a úÉfþoH ( NaCl, HCl, HNO3, _ _ _ _ _

wm ridhk úoHdfõ
ÿn, úoHq;a úÉfþoH ( CH3COOH, NH3 _ _ _ _ _ 1 ´4
m%;sM, jxY l;dj
w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
1
ii). (a). R µ l (b). k = r
2
liqka 3

Rµ
1
2
i`orejka
1
( c). k = 3
A RA
l
Rµ
A
2 (d). WIaK;ajh
úoHq;a úÉfþoHfha iajNdjh
rl
R = 2 úoHq;a úÉfþoHfha idJøKh 2 ´3
A
RA
r = 4 a =30
l

2
(b). ii). A ødjKh Zn(aq)
B ødjKh AgCl(aq) wdf,amk Ag l+r
C ødjKh ix;Dma; KCl(aq) 2 ´2
fjda,aÜ ógrh
v

wefkdavh lef;davh

Ag l+r
rEm igyk we£u 8
KCl(aq)
Zn kï lsÍu 1 ´12
AgCl(s) 20
2
Zn(aq) = 1.0 mol dm-3
fjkalrKh

zzukqoï imsß wfma ridhk úoHd mka;sh''''ZZ 10 wm ridhk úoHdfõ m%;sM, jxY l;dj w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
liqka i`orejka - B.Sc. - Engineering
 2
iii). (a). Zn(s) Zn(aq) + 2e ^wefkdav l%shdj& 5

(b). AgCl(s) + e Ag(s) + Cl(aq) ^lef;dav l%shdj& 5

(c). Zn(s) Zn[(aq) 1 mol dm-3 ) Cl(aq) AgCl(s) Ag(s) 10

q q q
iv). Ecell = Ecathode - Eanode 5
= [+0.22 - (0.76)] V = 0.98 V 4 + 1
2
v). Zn(aq) ødjKfha idJøKh wvqlsÍu'
Zn(s) l+r fjkqjg w¨;a Zn l+rla Ndú; lsÍu'
WIaK;ajh wvq lsÍu'
^f,a peg,sh¾ uQ,O¾uh wkqj meyeÈ,s lrkak'& 7 ´2
b =70

(c). ii). 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d7 10

ii). A [CoBr(NH3)5]Cl
B [CoBr(NH3)5]Cl2
C [CoCl(NH3)5]Br
D [CoCl(NH3)5]Br2 8 ´4

iii). A yd C § T¢ wxlh = +2 4
B yd D § T¢ wxlh = +3 4

iv). A Pentaamminebromidocobolt(II) Chloride

B Pentaamminebromidocobolt(III) Chloride
C wm ridhk úoHdfõ
Pentaamminebromidocobolt(II) Bromide
m%;sM, jxY l;dj
D w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
Pentaamminebromidocobolt(III) Bromide 2.5 ´ 4
liqka c =50
^7 m%Yakh } 150&
i`orejka
C - fldgi - rpkd

(08). (a). ii). NH2

< NH3 < CH3NH2 < CH 3 N H

CH 3
NdIañl;djh hkq tlir bf,lafg%dak hq.,hla fm%dafgdakhlg (H ) m%Þkh lsÍfï yelshdj hs'
NH2

ys tlir bf,lafg%dak fnkaiSka j,hg imhñka my; mßÈ iïm%hqla; jHqy idok ksid N
u;g wdxYslj wdfrdamKhla ,efí'

NH2 NH2 NH2 NH2 NH2

tlir bf,lafg%dak hq.,hka m%Þkh wmyiq h'

zzukqoï imsß wfma ridhk úoHd mka;sh''''ZZ 11 wm ridhk úoHdfõ m%;sM, jxY l;dj w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
liqka i`orejka - B.Sc. - Engineering
 CH3 ldKav u.ska N foig bf,lafg%dak ;,a¨lsÍu ^+I wdprKh& ksid my; f,i N u; tlir
bf,lafg%dak >k;ajh jeä fõ'
NH3 < CH3 NH2 < CH3 N H

CH3
fï ksid NdIañl m%n,;dj olajd we;s f,i úp,kh fõ' 15
O O O
ii). CH3 C CH3 < CH3 C H< H C H
by; ixfhda.j, ldnkhs,a ldnka mrudKqfõ (+) wdfrdamK >k;ajh jeäjk úg (-) wdfrdamK fyda
tlir bf,lafg%dak hq.,a iys; kshqla,sfhda*s,sl m%;sldrl j,g ldnkhs,a g myr§fï yelshdj jeä
fõ'
O
CH3 C CH3 ys CH3 ldKav 2 la u.ska isÿlrk bf,lafg%dak úl¾IKh ksid;a"
O
CH3CHO ys CH3 ldKav tlla u.skq;a H C H ys bf,lafg%dak úl¾IKh lrk ldKav fkdue;s
ksid;a" ms<sfj,ska ldnkhs,a C u; Ok wdfrdamK jeä fõ'
15
\ AN iS>%;djh by< f,i úp,kh fõ'

OH
iii). O
C2H5OH < < CH3 C OH

wï, f,day iuÕ" f,day yhsfv%dlaihsv fyda f,day ldnfkag iuÕ m%;sl%shd lrhs'

C2H5OH ÿn, wï,hla ksid" Na jeks il%Sh f,day iuÕ muKla m%;sl%shd lrhs'
2C2H5OH + 2Na C2H5OwmNa
ridhk
+ HúoHdfõ
2
m%;sM, jxY l;dj
w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
OH
liqka
i`orejka
,Na iy NaOH iuÕ m%;sl%shd lrhs'

OH O Na

Na
+ H2

OH O Na

NaOH 15
+ H 2O
a =45

CH3COOH, Na, NaOH, Na2CO3 hk ish,a,u iuÕ m%;sl%shd lrhs'

Na
2CH3COOH 2CH3COO Na + H2
NaOH
CH3COOH CH3COO Na + H 2O
Na2CO3
2CH3COOH 2CH3COO Na + CO2 + H2O

zzukqoï imsß wfma ridhk úoHd mka;sh''''ZZ 12 wm ridhk úoHdfõ m%;sM, jxY l;dj w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
liqka i`orejka - B.Sc. - Engineering
 (b). ii). O
C N CH2
H
Cl Cl
CH3Cl / ks' AlCl3

CH3

CH2NH2
;' H2SO3 / KMnO4

COOH Cl

ii). LiAlH4
ii). H2O
Fe / Cl2
O

COOH C Cl CONH2
m%;sldrl 2 ´6
PCl3 con. NH3 M, 3 ´6
D
Cl Cl Cl 30

wm ridhk úoHdfõ O
ii). m%;sM, jxY l;dj
Mg/C2H5OC2H5 w¨;ska ,shkafkuq''' CH2 CH C H
CH3Br CH3MgBr
liqka
i`orejka

OH OMgBr
H2O / id' HCl
CH2 CH C H CH2 CH C H

CH3 CH3
PCl5

Cl MgCl
Mg / C2H5OC2H5
CH2 CH C H CH2 CH C H

CH3 CH3

ii). HCHO
ii). H2O

CH2OH m%;sldrl 3 ´7
o
Al2O3 / 350 C M,
CH2 CH C CH2 CH2 CH C H 4 ´6
75
CH3 CH3

zzukqoï imsß wfma ridhk úoHd mka;sh''''ZZ 13 wm ridhk úoHdfõ m%;sM, jxY l;dj w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
liqka i`orejka - B.Sc. - Engineering
 (c). ii). ;kQl NaOH
NaOH(aq) ±ófï § lgql .|la iys; NH3 msgjkafka CH3COO NH4 § h'
O
r;a lsÍfï § NH3 msgjkqfha CH3 C NH2 j,§ h'

lsis÷ ksÍCIKhla fkdfokafka CH3CH2NH2 h' 10

ii). NH3 / AgNO3 fyda wefudakSlD; AgNO3

NH3 / AgNO3 yuqfõ iqÿ wjlafIamhla fokafka CH3CH2C CH h'

c,;dmlhl ;nd r;al< úg ߧ levm; idokqfha CH3CHO h'
lsis÷ ksÍCIKhla fkdfokqfha CH3C C CH3 h' 10

iii). Ælia m%;sldrlh (ZnCl2 / idkaø HCl)

OH

CI‚l wdú,;dj CH3 C CH3 f.ks'

CH3
OH

úkdä 10 l § wdú,;dj CH3CH2 C CH3 10

H
wdú,;dj fkdfokafka fyda Èk lsysmhl § wï,;dj CH3CH2CH2CH2OH h'
c =30
wm ridhk úoHdfõ ^8 m%Yakh } 150&
m%;sM, jxY l;dj
w¨;sk2a ,shkafkuq'''
(08). (a). ii). 2MnO4(aq) + 5H2O2(aq) + 6H(aq) 2Mn(aq) + 5O2(g) + 8H2O(l)
2
liqka
ii). 2MnO4(aq) + 3Mn(aq) + 4OH(aq) 5MnO
i`o2(aq)
rejka + 2H2O(l)
2 2
iii). MnO2(s) + C2O4(aq) + 4H(aq) Mn(aq) + 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) 10 ´ 3
2
C2O4(aq) 1
iv). (3) ka" =
MnO2(s) 1

MnO4(aq) 2
(2) ka" =
MnO2(s) 5
MnO4(aq) 2
(1) ka" =
H2O(aq) 5
0.2 mol ´
\ jeh jQ Na2C2O4 mol .Kk = 10 cm3 5
1000 cm3
-3
= 2 ´ 10 mol
2 ´
\ MnO2 mol = MnO4 mol = 2 ´ 10-3 mol = H2O2 mol 5
5
2 ´ 10-3 mol
\ H2O2(aq) idJøKh = ´ 103 cm3 5
20 cm3
-3
= 0.1 mol dm 5
20
a =50
(b). ii). P = MnO2 4 Q = K2CO3 4 R = KI 4 S = KNO3 4

T = Ca(NO3)2 4 U = KCl 4 V = No2 3

27

zzukqoï imsß wfma ridhk úoHd mka;sh''''ZZ 14 wm ridhk úoHdfõ m%;sM, jxY l;dj w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
liqka i`orejka - B.Sc. - Engineering
 ii). 2KNO3 D 2KNO2 + O2 2

KNO2 + HCl KCl + HNO2 2

2HNO2 D NO2(g) + NO(g) + H2O(l)

4
(V jdhqj)
2
iii). 4H(aq) + MnO2(aq) + 2Cl(aq) Mn(aq) + Cl2(g) + H2O
2H2SO4 + MnO2 + 2KCl MnSO4 + Cl2 + 2H2O + K2SO4 10

iv). MnO2 ^W;afm%arl f,i& 5

^whksl m%;sl%shdj muKla kï ,l=Kq 5 & b =50

(c). ii). Y(g) = SO2(g)

2

Z(aq) = Cr 3(aq) fyda Cr(H2O)5Cl fyda Cr(H2O)5(SO4)

(aq) (aq)

P(s) = BaSO4
2

Q(aq) = Co(NH3)6
(aq)

R(s) = Fe(OH)3(s)
3

S(aq) = Co(NH3)6 5 ´6
(aq)

2 2
ii). Fe3 , Co2 , SO3, SO4 5 ´4
c =50
^9 m%Yakh } 150&

(10). (a). ii). võ (Dow) fldaIh $ võ l%uh wm ridhk úoHdfõ

4
m%;sM, jxY l;dj
ii). jdfka lef;davh yd .%e*hsÜ wefkdavh w¨;ska ,shkafkuq''' 4
iii). lef;davfha §" liqka
2
Mg(aq) + 2e Mg(l) i`orejka 2

wefkdavfha §"
2Cl(aq) Cl2(g) + 2e 2
fldaI m%;sl%shdj
Mg2(aq) + 2Cl(aq) Mg(l) + Cl2(g) 2

iv). WIa' 700 - 800 oC 2

mSvkh 1 atm 2
o
fya;=j MgCl2 øjdxlh 714 C 2
\ MgCl2 øj ;;a;ajfha mj;ajd .ekSug 2

v). wuqøjH - uqyqÿ c,h $ n%hska ødjKh $ íg¾ka ødjKh 2

íg¾ka ødjKh Ca(OH)2(aq) + Mg(OH)2(s) 2
Ca(OH)2(aq) u.ska"
1
Mg(OH)2(s) lrhs'
Mg(OH)2(s)

2 2 2 HCl tl;= lsÍu 1

úc,kh lsÍu msßisÿ lsÍu (neutralization)
MgCl2(aq) 2
(dehydration) (purification) WÞiSk lsÍu
^jeämqr HCl bj;a lsÍu'& 19

ú,Sk MgCl2
zzukqoï imsß wfma ridhk úoHd mka;sh''''ZZ 15 wm ridhk úoHdfõ m%;sM, jxY l;dj w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
liqka i`orejka - B.Sc. - Engineering
 vi). NH3(g) jd;h yd c,h 2 ´3
o
vii). (i) NH3 jd;h iuÕ ñY%lr (850 - 1225) C hgf;a 1 mSvkh 1 - 9 atm 1 10% Rh wvx.= Pt W;afm%arl 1
u;ska hjkq ,efí'
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g) 3

jeä mSvk ;;a;aj hgf;a W;afm%arl u; isÿjk .egqï iS>%;djh jeäjk ksid m%;sl%shd iS>%;djh jeä
fõ' jeämqr jd;h Ndú; lsÍfuka NH3 TZlrKh iïmQ¾Kfhka isÿ fõ' 2
o
150 C g wvq
(ii) 2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g) 3 DH < 0 ksid wvq WIaK;aj ;;a;aj ys;lr fõ' 1

(iii) 4NO2(g) + 2H2O(l) + O2(g) 4HNO3(aq) 3

viii). (i) mEiaiqï lghq;= j, § mDIaG msßisÿ lsÍug

(ii) fmdfydr ksIamdokhg HNO3
^´kEu tllg&
(iii) rdc wï,h ksmoùug

(i) .s‚fl<s ixo¾Ykh

Mg ^´kEu 1 la& 2 ´2
(ii) ñY% f,day iE§u
a =65

(b). ii). ;dm iqúld¾h

wdl,k nyq wjhúl ku - fmd,sjkhs,a laf,darhsâ 2

mqkrdj¾;k tAllh - H H
wm ridhk úoHdfõ
m%;sM, jxY l;dj
C C w¨;ska ,shkafkuq''' 2
H Cl liqka
i`orejka
jHqyh - H H

C C
2
H Cl n

ii). ;dm iqúld¾h ku - fgr,ska 2

ix.Kk nyqwjhúl
O O
mqkrdj¾;k tAllh C C O CH2CH2 O 2

O O
2
jHqyh - C C O CH2CH2 O

zzukqoï imsß wfma ridhk úoHd mka;sh''''ZZ 16 wm ridhk úoHdfõ m%;sM, jxY l;dj w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
liqka i`orejka - B.Sc. - Engineering
 iii). ;dm ia:dmk
ix.Kk nyqwjhúl ku ( [fíla,hsÜ mSfkda,af*daue,aäyhsâ] 2

mqkrdj¾;k tAllh (
OH OH
CH2

CH2 CH2

CH2 3
OH OH

jHqyh ( OH OH
CH2

CH2 CH2

CH2 3
OH OH b =20
n
wm ridhk úoHdfõ
m%;sM, jxY l;dj
(c). ii). SO2, NO, NO2, CO2, CO CxHy ^´kEu ;=kw¨;s
la ki|yd&
a ,shkafkuq''' 3 ´2
liqka
ii). iQ¾hdf,dalh we;súg § NO, NO2, CxHy tlsfkl ixfhdackh ù my< jdhqf.da,fha § Tlaisldrl ixfhda.
we;s lsÍuhs' i`orejka
^WÞ(- O3, we,aäyhsv PAN, PBN& 5
iii). my; jdhqf.da,fha óÿï ;;a;ajhla we;sùu 2

iv). NO2(g) hu NO(g) + O(g) 2

X X
M + O(g) + O2(g) O3(g) + M 2
X
^M jd;fha wvx.= wxY=jla&
O(g) + H2O(g) 2OH 2
^OH jd;fha wvx.= øjH LKavkh fldg PBN, PAN yd we,aäyhsv idohs'& 2

v). (i) Yajik wdndO

(ii) fmkSug ndOd we;slrhs'
(iii) udkisl mSvd
^´kEu folla& 2 ´2

vi). fudag¾ r: tkaðka ksis mßÈ iqir lsÍu'

W;afm%ark mßj¾;l fh§u'
r: jdyk ksis f,i kv;a;=j 2 ´2
c =29

ie'hq' ( fjk;a ms<s.; yels ms<s;=re i|yd ,l=Kq m%Þkh lrkak'

zzukqoï imsß wfma ridhk úoHd mka;sh''''ZZ 17 wm ridhk úoHdfõ m%;sM, jxY l;dj w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
liqka i`orejka - B.Sc. - Engineering
 (d). ii). pH w.h" wú,;djh" ;hsk;ajh" ikakdhl;dj" WIaK;ajh" j¾Kh 2 ´4

fN!;sl mrdñ;s( DO, COD mÍCId 2 ´2

3
ii). NO3, PO4 2 ´2

iii). jeisls<s wmøjH c,hg tl;=ùu" i;aj f.dúfmd, wmøjH c,hg tl;= ùu" .Dyia: CId,l" mdxY= Ldokh
2 ´2
iv). c,c Ôùka ñhhdu" c,fha øjH O2 wvqùu' 2 ´2

v). (1) ye,ckSlD; ridhk øjH" lDñkdYl" DDT" ldfnd*shqrdka" vfhdlaiSka 2 ´2

2 2 2 3
(2) Pb , Hg , Cd , As 2 ´2
2
Pb - jl=.vq wdndO
2
Hg - fudf<a wdndO" udkisl wd;;sh" jl=.vq wdndO
2
Cd - wêreêr mSvkh
3
As - ms<sldldrl" úI iys;h 2 ´2

d =36
^10 m%Yakh } 150&

*****

wm ridhk úoHdfõ
m%;sM, jxY l;dj
w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
liqka
i`orejka

zzukqoï imsß wfma ridhk úoHd mka;sh''''ZZ 18 wm ridhk úoHdfõ m%;sM, jxY l;dj w¨;ska ,shkafkuq'''
liqka i`orejka - B.Sc. - Engineering