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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Professor
Robert Kaske

Kaske in c. 1974[note 1]
Born Robert Earl Kaske
June 1, 1921
Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.
Died August 8, 1989 (aged 68)
Ithaca, New York, U.S.
Years active 1950–1989
Title Professor
Spouses
Mildred Reinerman

(m. 1944, divorced)

Carol Vonckx (m. 1958)
Children 2
Academic background
Alma mater
Xavier University
UNC Chapel Hill
Thesis The nature and use of figurative expression in Piers Plowman, text B
(1950)
Academic work
Discipline Medieval literature
Institutions Cornell University (from 1964)
Notable works Medieval Christian Literary Imagery: A Guide to Interpretation
(1988)
Military career
Service/branch United States Army
Years of service 1942–1946
Rank First lieutenant
Unit 819th Tank Destroyer Battalion
Battles/wars World War II
Signature

Robert Earl Kaske (June 1, 1921 – August 8, 1989) was an American professor of
medieval literature. He spent most of his career at Cornell University in Ithaca,
New York, where he was the Avalon Foundation Professor in the Humanities, and where
he founded one of the preeminent medieval studies graduate programs in North
America. His published output included lengthy interpretations of Beowulf, and of
poems and passages by Dante and Chaucer, and frequently constituted leading
studies. Kaske particularly enjoyed solving cruxes, with articles on problematic
passages in works such as Pearl, Piers Plowman, the Divine Comedy, The Husband's
Message, The Descent into Hell, and Beowulf.

Born in Cincinnati and a straight-A student in high school, Kaske studied liberal
arts at Xavier University and joined a variety of student literary organizations
there. He was a four-year member of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps, and was
commissioned a second lieutenant before his 1942 graduation; much of the next four
years was spent with the Army in the South Pacific during World War II. While there
he read a story about a dusk-to-dawn conversation between two professors and,
entranced by the prospect of such intellectual discussions, decided on an academic
career. Kaske enrolled in the English literature program at the University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) on the back of the G.I. Bill, received his master's
in 1947, and his PhD in 1950.

From 1950 to 1963 Kaske held posts at Washington University in St. Louis,
Pennsylvania State University, UNC, and the University of Illinois at Urbana–
Champaign, rising from lecturer to full professor along the way; he termed his
departure from UNC as the time he "published himself out of paradise".[3] A
visiting professorship at Cornell in 1963 became permanent in 1964, and Kaske
remained at the university for the rest of his life.

A popular and "Falstaffian" professor,[4] Kaske, along with the medieval studies
program he founded, was credited by colleagues with producing the backbone of the
discipline's next scholastic generation. His editorial imprint was visible in the
works of many, including former students and those who submitted papers to the
journal Traditio, which he edited. Over the course of his career he collected what
one former student termed "most of the awards and honors possible for a medieval
scholar",[5] including fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities
and the American Council of Learned Societies, and two Guggenheim Fellowships.

Early life and education

Robert Kaske, who went by Bob, was born on June 1, 1921 in Cincinnati, Ohio.[6] His
parents were Herman C. Kaske, a postal clerk with the United States Postal Service,
[7][8] and Ann Rose Kaske (née Laake).[9] Robert Kaske attended St. Martin's, a
Catholic elementary school,[10] and later the boys prep school Elder High School,
where he received straight As across four years of English, Latin, and religion,
and missed only a single day of school.[11] While there he worked on the school
newspaper and the yearbook, won the school's Latin contest, and played baseball;
[11] he graduated from the modern English course in 1938.[12] In a yearbook filled
with humorous projected jobs for the graduates, such as "dog-catcher" and "pretzel-
twister", Kaske was an exception: "Robert Kaske, Editor."[13]

After graduating from high school, Kaske matriculated at Xavier University,[14]

where he studied the liberal arts.[15] Kaske was a four-year member of the
Heidelberg Club, which described itself as intended "to further interest in the
language, culture, history and transitions of the Germanic peoples".[16][17] In his
sophomore year Kaske began a three-year stint with the Xavier University News,
writing the column "Quid Ergo?"[17][18] Taken from Seneca, the Latin name of the
column meant "So what?";[19] Kaske described his topics as "touching on literature,
politics, philosophy, economics, history, school affairs, slapstick, slapstick and
slapstick", and involving "a schoolboy telling the world what is wrong with it".
[20]

Black and white photograph of Lawrence Splain and Robert Kaske

Kaske, standing, discussing his paper which won a prize
That year he also joined The Athenaeum and the Mermaid Tavern,[21] an undergraduate
literary paper and literary club, respectively.[22][23] He became editor in chief
of the former his senior year,[24][note 2] and "Host" of the latter.[15][26][27]
Kaske still spoke fondly of the Mermaid Tavern, where students presented their
literary works and discussed those of the masters, in his later years.[17][28] As a
junior, a year in which he was inducted into the Jesuit academic honorary
fraternity Alpha Sigma Nu,[29] he joined the Masque Society, a theatrical group;
[30] he played Peter Dolan in a school production of Father Malachy's Miracle that
year,[31][32][33][34] and as a senior appeared in another play, Whispering in the
Dark.[35][36] Between his junior and senior years, Kaske spent much of the summer
writing radio scripts.[37] Also as a senior Kaske cofounded the Philosophy Club, a
society for students interested in philosophical research,[38][39] and joined The
Traditionists, a literary club which that year devoted their meetings to reading
Dante's Inferno.[17][40][note 3] He placed sixth or seventh in an intercollegiate
writing contest the same year.[42][43] Kaske graduated magna cum laude with a
Bachelor of Arts on June 3, 1942.[6][44]

World War II
Kaske had joined the Reserve Officers' Training Corps in his first semester at
Xavier,[14][note 4] and even before his graduation was ordered to active service.
[47] He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Army's field artillery on May
25, 1942,[48] and ordered to report to Fort Thomas for a physical examination and
assignment,[47] with a furlough to account for his June commencement.[49] Speaking
to Kaske and 24 others, the commencement speaker, Archbishop John T. McNicholas,
stated "[m]ay I assure the Second Lieutenants of this graduating class that the
Archdiocese of Cincinnati is proud of them. It is happy to know that Xavier
University is not only teaching theoretical patriotism, but that it is actually
serving our country in the greatest crisis in its history."[50]

Kaske served as a platoon leader and company commander with the 819th Tank
Destroyer Battalion, taking him to ports in the United States, Hawaii (including
Black Sand Beach[51]), the Palau Islands (Peleliu and Angaur), and the Mariana
Islands (Guam and Saipan).[52] During a leave at the end of 1943, while stationed
at Fort Hood, he served as a best man at a wedding in Cleburne, Texas,[53] took out
his own marriage license a week later,[54] and married in January.[55] His wife was
Mildred Mae Reinerman,[55] a 21-year-old bookkeeper.[54] But the leave was short
and in March 1944 Kaske's battalion departed California aboard the USS General G.
O. Squier, headed for Hawaii.[56] By 1945, Kaske was in Peleliu, where the 819th
searched for remaining Japanese soldiers, defended the airstrip, and shelled
Japanese-held islands.[57] Kaske was discharged from the Army on June 1, 1946,
having risen to the rank of first lieutenant.[58][59]

Graduate studies
As a student at Xavier, Kaske had anticipated a business career, possibly in
advertising.[60] That changed while filling time at the end of the war on a coral
island in the Pacific, when he read a story about two professors engrossed in
conversation from dusk to dawn; as the sun rose, one professor regretfully said he
needed to prepare for class, and the other replied that he had been so absorbed he
forgot he was not in his own house.[60] Entranced by the prospect of such engaging
intellectual conversations and aided by the tuition benefits afforded veterans by
the G.I. Bill, Kaske set out for an academic life.[60]

After talking it over with Father Paul Sweeney, a professor of English at Xavier
and founder and patron of the Mermaid Tavern,[28][61] Kaske entered the English
literature program at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) in
1946.[60] As at Xavier, Kaske wrote for a student paper, Factotum,[62][63][64]
including poems,[65][66] and at least one short story: "Sergeant Hinchey's
Homecoming", about a veteran regaling an unsuspecting church group with ribald
tales from service in Hawaii, Angaur, Texas, and Kwajalein.[67][note 5] Under the
direction of Hardin Craig, Kaske wrote his Master's thesis on George Chapman's
tragedies,[69] receiving his degree in 1947.[60] If not for Craig's departure to
the University of Missouri,[70] wrote the medieval scholar (and former Kaske
student) Emerson Brown Jr., Kaske might have become a Renaissance scholar.[60]
Instead, under George Coffman's direction, he wrote his Ph.D. dissertation on the
Late Medieval poem Piers Plowman and graduated in 1950.[71][72][73]

Career
Kaske was hired as an English instructor at Washington University in St. Louis by
April 1950, before his June dissertation defense.[74] He began teaching a variety
of courses in medieval language and literature,[60] including studies of Dante.[75]
At Washington, Kaske found the intellectual engagement he had been looking for,
including with colleagues Vladimir Jelinek and Ernst Abrahamson.[76][77] He also
began to publish,[60] with articles on Piers Plowman in each of 1951, 1952, and
1957.[78][79][80] In 1952 he was promoted to assistant professor,[81] and in 1955
he was awarded a $600 (equivalent to $6,600 in 2022) research grant for study
during the summer.[82]

Kaske left Washington University in 1957, then taught at Pennsylvania State

University from 1957 to 1958.[5][83] He left Pennsylvania to return to his alma
mater UNC, where he began his associate professorship on September 1, 1958.[84] An
article on the epic poem Beowulf was published in the university's journal Studies
in Philology shortly before his arrival,[85] followed in 1959 by another article on
Piers Plowman.[86][87] A year later, Kaske was awarded a grant by the American
Council of Learned Societies to work on a book, provisionally titled The Heroic
Ideal in Old English Poetry.[88] In 1961 Kaske was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship
to study heroism and the hero in Old English poetry,[89][90] and served as
secretary of the Modern Language Association's Middle English group.[88] Kaske
enjoyed packed classes and the esteem of his colleagues at UNC, but soon began
receiving attractive offers from other institutions.[91] After three years Kaske
left for the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, where he was hired as a
tenured full professor on September 1, 1961, with a starting annual salary of
$13,000 (equivalent to $127,000 in 2022); he would henceforth term this move the
time he "published himself out of paradise".[3][92][note 6]

Cornell
In the fall semester of 1963, Kaske, who later admitted he was "looking around" and
anxious to leave Illinois, took a six-month visiting professorship at Cornell
University in Ithaca, New York.[97][98] The following year, Cornell made an offer
for a permanent position, which Kaske accepted; he remained there for the rest of
his life.[3] In 1968—a year in which he was first listed in Who's Who in
America[59][99]—Kaske was awarded another grant by the American Council of Learned
Societies, this time to travel to England and search for the sources of imagery in
poems by the unknown Gawain Poet.[100][101] Another grant by the organization
followed in 1971, for further research into the heroic ideal in Old English poetry,
[102] and that year Kaske participated in a symposium on Geoffrey Chaucer held at
the University of Georgia.[103][104] During 1972–73 he was a Faculty Fellow of the
university's Society for the Humanities,[105][106] and in 1974 he was named the
Avalon Foundation Professor in the Humanities, succeeding Herbert Dieckmann [de].
[107] In 1975, he was appointed chief editor of the journal Traditio,[5] and in
1977, he again won a Guggenheim Fellowship, this time to undertake research on the
sources and methodology for the interpretation of medieval imagery.[108] In 1984–
85, the National Endowment for the Humanities awarded Kaske a Fellowship for
Independent Study and Research; he intended to use it to complete a manual for
scholars of medieval literature.[109] As part of the fellowship Kaske directed a
seminar on "Latin Christian Tradition in Medieval Literature", which presented the
material from the book Kaske was working on.[110]

At Cornell, Kaske founded a medieval studies graduate program, which Old English
scholar Fred C. Robinson said came to become "one of the great seminaries of
medieval scholars in North America during the latter part of the twentieth
century".[111] The program required all medieval literature students to take
courses and intensive examinations in at least four medieval languages and
literatures, and to have or learn French, German, and classical and medieval Latin,
in addition to two semesters of Latin palaeography; some "survivors" termed it the
"Parris Island of medieval studies".[112][note 7] Just Kaske's introduction to
medieval studies, a semester-long seminar, drew students from Yale and other
universities,[114] while the overall program, his colleagues said, "produced a
group of scholars who have become the backbone of the next generation in medieval
studies, and who, in their collective achievement and their dedication to the
pedagogical and scholarly ideals of their mentor, constitute Bob's true monument".
[6]

Kaske was known for his loyalty to his students, and his love of learning and
teaching.[3][115][116][117] Kaske was described as a "Falstaffian figure", and
popular with students.[4] "If we were students all of the time," Brown wrote,
"Robert Kaske was a teacher all of the time."[115] Students would frequently drop
by Kaske's house unannounced to seek his input, bibliographic references, or access
to his rich library,[118] which Kaske amassed over the years despite his modest
background and academic salary.[119][note 8] Even once graduated, Kaske would
continue to edit students' drafts;[118] meanwhile, he "even turned the letter of
recommendation into an art form".[115]

Around 1960, Kaske joined a panel discussion in which he defended patristic

learning—the study of early Christian writers—as a way of interpreting vernacular
literature.[3] The discussion was published,[120] and republished,[121][122] in
essay form, and gained Kaske a reputation as a strident proponent of using medieval
learning to understand the literature, as opposed to the "New Criticism" school of
thought that argued that medieval poetry should be read in a contextual vacuum.[3]
[6] The reputation overlooked the balance Kaske struck between focusing on careful
reading of the literature, and bringing in exegetical information where prudent.
[123] Kaske nonetheless firmly believed that such contextual learning remained one
of the most promising ways to make new discoveries about the meaning conveyed by
literary works.[123] Listening to Kaske lecture for two hours on "How to Use
Biblical Exegesis for the Interpretation of Medieval Literature" at the Dartmouth
Dante Institute in 1985, Madison U. Sowell wrote that "I learned more in one
exhilarating afternoon about the 'nuts and bolts' of using biblical commentaries to
interpret medieval literature than I had in three-and-a-half years at my Ivy League
graduate school."[124] He was a "master" at combining "insight and scholarly
rigor", wrote Brown, joining "imagination in literary interpretation with the
painstaking historical research required to gather supporting evidence".[5] On top
of this, a colleague wrote, Kaske added "a kind of native intuition about what a
medieval poet might want to say".[125]

Awards and distinctions

Kaske, Brown wrote, "received most of the awards and honors possible for a medieval
scholar".[5] These included two Guggenheim Fellowships, a grant and a fellowship
from the National Endowment for the Humanities, a grant from the American
Philosophical Society, a Senior Fellowship at the Southeastern Institute of
Medieval and Renaissance Studies, a fellowship at Cornell's Society for the
Humanities, and grants-in-aid and a fellowship from the American Council of Learned
Societies.[5] He served on the editorial and advisory boards of Speculum, The
Chaucer Review, A Manual of the Writings in Middle English, and Traditio.[5] In
1975, Kaske was appointed chief editor of the latter journal, and elected
Councillor in the Medieval Academy of America; seven years later, he was elected a
Fellow of the Academy.[5] In 1986, a Festschrift was published in Kaske's honor.
[126] The work was titled Magister Regis: Studies in Honor of Robert Earl, playing
off of the name of Kaske's Border Collie, Rex.[127]

Personal life
Kaske and his first wife had a son, David Louis.[59][128][129] But "the war left
him little time for domesticity", Brown later wrote, and the marriage was over by
1958.[130] That year Kaske married again,[131] this time to Carol Vonckx, an
English scholar who herself became a professor at Cornell.[132][133][134] On
January 10, 1966 they had a son, Richard James;[59][135] at the time of his death,
Kaske also had three grandchildren.[83] He died of a brain tumor on August 8, 1989,
at his Ithaca home on North Quarry Street.[6][83][136][137] A funeral was held on
August 26, at Ithaca's Immaculate Conception Church,[138] and a memorial service on
21 October at Sage Chapel, with contributions suggested to the university library's
Dante-Petrarch or Icelandic collections.[139][140]

Publications
Kaske published more than 60 works throughout his career,[141][142] including
articles, chapters, reviews, and a book; most of these were listed in his 1986
Festschrift.[143][117] Even among his shorter works, his output frequently
constituted seminal studies.[117] Kaske particularly enjoyed solving cruxes,[3]
producing what Robinson termed "some of the most dazzling literary explications of
this century".[144] These included articles on problematic passages in works such
as Pearl,[145] Piers Plowman,[79][80][146][147] Dante's Divine Comedy,[148]
Chaucer's "The Summoner's Tale",[149] The Husband's Message,[150] The Descent into
Hell,[151] Troilus and Criseyde,[152] Le Jeu d'Adam,[153] and Beowulf,[154][155]
and on the correct reading of engravings on spoons found in the seventh-century
Sutton Hoo ship-burial.[156] He also penned lengthy interpretations of Beowulf, and
of poems and passages by Dante and Chaucer.[3] Kaske's imprint was also evident in
the works of others, including former students whose papers he marked up and
returned, and those who submitted works to Traditio. "If we were working in the
sciences," Brown wrote, "where team research is routine, Bob Kaske's bibliography
would be many times its present length."[157]

In 1988 Kaske published Medieval Christian Literary Imagery: A Guide to

Interpretation,[158] which colleagues referred to as a "magisterial work" that
served as "the crowning achievement of his scholarly career".[118] The work focused
on Kaske's craft—using the available tools and sources to do the kind of scholarly
explication that he himself did[118]—and Kaske saw it as an extension of his
teaching career.[159]

Books
Kaske, Robert E. (1947). An analysis of Chapman's tragedies, based on a
consideration of tragic theory and the fundamental types of tragedy (M.A.). Chapel
Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. OCLC 37757454.
Kaske, Robert E. (1950). The nature and use of figurative expression in Piers
Plowman, text B (Ph.D.). Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill. OCLC 37757491.
Kaske, Robert E.; Groos, Arthur & Twomey, Michael W. (1988). Leyerle, John (ed.).
Medieval Christian Literary Imagery: A Guide to Interpretation. Toronto Medieval
Bibliographies. Vol. 11. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-2636-2.
JSTOR 10.3138/j.ctt2tv0pq. closed access
Articles
Kaske, Robert E. (July 1951). "The Use of Simple Figures of Speech in Piers Plowman
B: A Study in the Figurative Expression of Ideas and Opinions". Studies in
Philology. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press.
XLVIII (3): 571–600. JSTOR 4172984. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (October 1952). "A Note on bras in Piers Plowman, A, III, 189; B,
III, 195". Philological Quarterly. Iowa City, Iowa: State University of Iowa. XXXI
(4): 427–430. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (April 1957). "Gigas the Giant in Piers Plowman". The Journal of
English and Germanic Philology. Urbana, Illinois: The University of Illinois. LVI
(2): 177–185. JSTOR 27706901. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (November 1957). "Langland and the Paradisus Claustralis". Modern
Language Notes. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins Press. LXXII (7): 481–483.
doi:10.2307/3043508. JSTOR 3043508. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (December 1957). "The Knight's Interruption of the Monk's Tale".
ELH. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins Press. 24 (4): 249–268.
doi:10.2307/2871956. JSTOR 2871956. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (July 1958). "Sapientia et Fortitudo as the Controlling Theme of
Beowulf". Studies in Philology. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of
North Carolina Press. LV (3): 423–456. JSTOR 4173241. closed access
Edited and republished in Kaske, Robert E. (1963). "Sapientia et Fortitudo as the
Controlling Theme of Beowulf". In Nicholson, Lewis E. (ed.). An Anthology of
Beowulf Criticism. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. pp. 269–
310. ISBN 9780268000066. SBN 268-00006-9.
Kaske, Robert E. (1959a). "The Speech of "Book" in Piers Plowman". Anglia.
Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg: Max Niemeyer Verlag. 1959 (77): 117–144.
doi:10.1515/angl.1959.1959.77.117. S2CID 162098491. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (1959b). "Two Cruxes in 'Pearl': 596 and 609-10". Traditio. New
York: Fordham University Press. XV: 418–428. doi:10.1017/S0362152900008333. JSTOR
27830395. S2CID 151356558. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (June 1959c). "The Summoner's Garleek, Oynons, and Eek Lekes".
Modern Language Notes. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins Press. LXXIV (6):
481–484. doi:10.2307/3040589. JSTOR 3040589. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (September 1959d). "An Aube in the Reeve's Tale". ELH. Baltimore,
Maryland: The Johns Hopkins Press. 26 (3): 295–310. doi:10.2307/2871790. JSTOR
2871790. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (October 1959e). "Langland's Walnut-Simile". The Journal of
English and Germanic Philology. Urbana, Illinois: The University of Illinois. LVIII
(4): 650–654. JSTOR 27707361. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (December 1959f). "The Sigemund-Heremod and Hama-Hygelac Passages
in Beowulf". Publications of the Modern Language Association. Modern Language
Association. LXXIV (5): 489–494. doi:10.2307/460497. JSTOR 460497. S2CID 163807561.
closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (January 1960a). "January's "Aube"". Modern Language Notes.
Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins Press. LXXV (1): 1–4. doi:10.2307/3040559.
JSTOR 3040559. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (June 1960b). "Weohstan's Sword". Modern Language Notes.
Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins Press. LXXV (6): 465–468.
doi:10.2307/3040330. JSTOR 3040330. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (1960c). "Eve's 'Leaps' in the Ancrene Riwle". Medium Ævum. The
Society for the Study of Mediæval Languages and Literature. XXIX (1): 22–24.
doi:10.2307/43626839. JSTOR 43626839. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (1961a). "Dante's 'DXV' and 'Veltro'". Traditio. New York: Fordham
University Press. XVII: 185–254. doi:10.1017/S0362152900008503. JSTOR 27830427.
S2CID 152246344. closed access
Abridged and added to in Kaske, Robert E. (1965). "Dante's DXV". In Freccero, John
(ed.). Dante: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views. Vol. 46.
Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. pp. 122–140. LCCN 65-13596.
Kaske, Robert E. (July 1962). "The Canticum Canticorum in the Miller's Tale".
Studies in Philology. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina
Press. LIX (3): 479–500. JSTOR 4173387. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (1963a). "Weland and the wurmas in Deor". English Studies. 44:
190–191. doi:10.1080/00138386308597170. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (January 1963b). ""Ex VI Transicionis" and its Passage in Piers
Plowman". The Journal of English and Germanic Philology. Urbana, Illinois: The
University of Illinois. LXII (1): 32–60. JSTOR 27714179. closed access
Revised and republished in Kaske, Robert E. (1969). ""Ex VI Transicionis" and its
Passage in Piers Plowman". In Blanch, Robert J. (ed.). Style and Symbolism in Piers
Plowman: A Modern Critical Anthology. Knoxville, Tennessee: The University of
Tennessee Press. pp. 228–263. ISBN 9780870490934. LCCN 69-20115.
Kaske, Robert E. (1964). "The Reading Genyre in The Husband's Message Line 49".
Medium Ævum. The Society for the Study of Mediæval Languages and Literature. XXXIII
(3): 204–206. doi:10.2307/43627117. JSTOR 43627117. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (1967a). "A Poem of the Cross in the Exeter Book: 'Riddle 60' and
'The Husband's Message'". Traditio. New York: Fordham University Press. XXIII: 41–
71. doi:10.1017/S0362152900008734. JSTOR 27830826. S2CID 151602493. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (October 1967b). "The Silver Spoons of Sutton Hoo". Speculum.
Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America. XLII (4): 670–672.
doi:10.2307/2851097. JSTOR 2851097. S2CID 162531857. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (1968a). "Piers Plowman and Local Iconography". Journal of the
Warburg and Courtauld Institutes. London: The Warburg Institute. 31: 159–169.
doi:10.2307/750639. JSTOR 750639. S2CID 195050251. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (1968b). "Some Newly Discovered Wall-Paintings at Madley,
Herefordshire". Traditio. New York: Fordham University Press. XXIV: 464–471.
doi:10.1017/S0362152900004839. JSTOR 27830859. S2CID 151312417. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (1971). ""Sì si conserva il seme d'ogne giusto": (Purg. XXXII,
48)". Dante Studies. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Dante Society of America.
LXXXIX: 49–54. JSTOR 40166090. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (July 1971). "Beowulf and the Book of Enoch". Speculum. Cambridge,
Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America. XLVI (3): 421–431.
doi:10.2307/2851906. JSTOR 2851906. S2CID 162719503. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (1972). "Horn and Ivory in the Summoner's Tale". Neuphilologische
Mitteilungen. Finland: The Modern Language Society of Helsinki. LXXIII (3): 122–
126. JSTOR 43345340. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (Spring 1974). "Dante's Purgatorio XXXII and XXXIII: A Survey of
Christian History". University of Toronto Quarterly. University of Toronto. XLIII
(3): 193–214. doi:10.3138/utq.43.3.193. S2CID 153970178. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (1975). "A Dagger in Relief on Stonehenge?". Traditio. New York:
Fordham University Press. XXXI: 315–316. doi:10.1017/S0362152900011363. JSTOR
27830990. S2CID 151462929. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (March 1984). "The Coastwarden's Maxim in Beowulf: A
Clarification". Notes and Queries. New Series. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 31
(1): 16–18. doi:10.1093/nq/31-1-16. ISSN 0029-3970. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (1985). "The Gifstol Crux in Beowulf". Leeds Studies in English.
New Series. Leeds, West Yorkshire: The University of Leeds School of English. XVI:
142–151. ISSN 0075-8566.
Kaske, Robert E.; Springer, Otto & Andersson, Theodore M. (July 1985). "Memoirs of
Fellows and Corresponding Fellows of the Medieval Academy of America: Einar Ólafur
Sveinsson". Speculum. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America.
60 (3): 776–777. JSTOR 2848227. closed access
Howard, Donald R.; Kaske, Robert E. & Ferrante, Joan M. (July 1986). "Memoirs of
Fellows and Corresponding Fellows of the Medieval Academy of America: Charles
Southward Singleton". Speculum. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of
America. 61 (3): 765–767. JSTOR 2851651. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (Fall 1986). "Pandarus's "Vertue of Corones Tweyne"". The Chaucer
Review. University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press. 21
(2): 226–233. JSTOR 25093997. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (1988). "Piers Plowman and Local Iconography: The Font at
Eardisley, Herefordshire". Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes. London:
The Warburg Institute. 51: 184–186. doi:10.2307/751272. JSTOR 751272. S2CID
195043271. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (1989–1990). "Amnon and Thamar on a Misericord in Hereford
Cathedral". Traditio. New York: Fordham University Press. XLV: 1–6. JSTOR 27831237.
closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (1990). "Godfrey's Vengeance for God on Good Friday: Alliterative
Morte Arthure, 3430–1". Medium Ævum. The Society for the Study of Mediæval
Languages and Literature. LIX (1): 128–133. doi:10.2307/43629289. JSTOR 43629289.
closed access
Chapters
Kaske, Robert E. (1960d). "Patristic Exegesis in the Criticism of Medieval
Literature: The Defense". In Bethurum, Dorothy (ed.). Critical Approaches to
Medieval Literature: Selected Papers from the English Institute, 1958–1959. New
York: Columbia University Press. pp. 27–60, 158–159. hdl:2027/heb.06547. ISBN
9780231024174. LCCN 60-13104. closed access
Abridged in Kaske, Robert E. (1968c). "Patristic Exegesis in the Criticism of
Medieval Literature: The Defense". In Vasta, Edward (ed.). Interpretations of Piers
Plowman. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. pp. 319–338. LCCN 68-
12296.; and in Kaske, Robert E. (1969). "from 'Patristic Exegesis: The Defense'".
In Burrow, John Anthony (ed.). Geoffrey Chaucer: A Critical Anthology.
Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. pp. 233–239. OCLC 493371334.
Kaske, Robert E. (1963c). ""Hygelac" and "Hygd"". In Greenfield, Stanley B. (ed.).
Studies in Old English Literature in Honor of Arthur G. Brodeur. Eugene, Oregon:
University of Oregon Books. pp. 200–206. LCCN 63-24538.
Reissued with an addendum on page 206 in Kaske, Robert E. (1973). ""Hygelac" and
"Hygd"". In Greenfield, Stanley B. (ed.). Studies in Old English Literature in
Honor of Arthur G. Brodeur. New York: Russell & Russell. pp. 200–206. ISBN 0-8462-
1673-6. LCCN 72-90565.
Kaske, Robert E. (1961b). "The Aube in Chaucer's Troilus". In Schoeck, Richard J. &
Taylor, Jerome (eds.). Troilus and Criseyde & The Minor Poems. Chaucer Criticism.
Vol. II. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. pp. 167–179. LCCN 60-
10279.
Kaske, Robert E. (1965). "The Character "Figura" in Le Mystère d'Adam". In Mahoney,
John & Keller, John Esten (eds.). Medieval Studies in Honor of Urban Tigner Holmes,
Jr. North Carolina Studies in the Romance Languages and Literatures. Vol. 56.
Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press. pp. 103–110.
JSTOR 10.5149/9781469639130_mahoney. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (1967c). "The Eotenas in Beowulf". In Creed, Robert Payson (ed.).
Old English Poetry: Fifteen Essays. Providence, Rhode Island: Brown University
Press. pp. 285–310. LCCN 67-10212.
Kaske, Robert E. (1968d). "Beowulf". In Lumiansky, R. M. & Baker, Herschel (eds.).
Critical Approaches to Six Major English Works: Beowulf Through Paradise Lost.
Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 3–40. JSTOR j.ctv512qvn. closed
access
Kaske, Robert E. (1970a). "Gawain's Green Chapel and the Cave at Wetton Mill". In
Mandel, Jerome & Rosenberg, Bruce A. (eds.). Medieval Literature and Folklore
Studies: Essays in Honor of Francis Lee Utley. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers
University Press. pp. 111–121, 357–358. ISBN 9780813506760. LCCN 70-127053. SBN
8135-0676-X.
Kaske, Robert E. (1973). "Chaucer's Marriage Group". In Mitchell, Jerome & Provost,
William (eds.). Chaucer the Love Poet. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia
Press. pp. 45–65. ISBN 0-8203-0319-4. LCCN 73-97938.
Abridged in Kaske, Robert E. (1975). "The Governing Theme of Beowulf". In Tuso,
Joseph F. (ed.). Beowulf: The Donaldson Translation, Backgrounds and Sources,
Criticism. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 118–131. ISBN 0-393-04413-0. LCCN
75-17991.
Kaske, Robert E. (1974). "Holy Church's Speech and the Structure of Piers Plowman".
In Rowland, Beryl (ed.). Chaucer and Middle English Studies in Honour of Rossell
Hope Robbins. London: George Allen & Unwin. pp. 320–327. doi:10.4324/9780429341786.
ISBN 0-04-821030-7. S2CID 241889879.
Kaske, Robert E. (1976). "The Conclusion of the Old English 'Descent into Hell'".
In Fletcher, Harry George & Schulte, Mary Beatrice (eds.). ΠΑΡΑΔΟΣΙΣ: Studies in
Memory of Edwin A. Quain. pp. 47–59. doi:10.1017/S0362152900018377. ISBN 0-8232-
0351-4. LCCN 76-20905. S2CID 191684422. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (1979). "Clericus Adam and Chaucer's Adam Scriveyn". In Vasta,
Edward & Thundy, Zacharias P. (eds.). Chaucerian Problems and Perspectives: Essays
Presented to Paul E. Beichner, C.S.C. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame
Press. pp. 114–118. ISBN 0-268-00728-4. LCCN 78-62971.
Kaske, Robert E. (1982). "Sapientia et Fortitudo in the Old English Judith". In
Benson, Larry D. & Wenze, Siegfried (eds.). The Wisdom of Poetry: Essays in Early
English Literature in Honor of Morton W. Bloomfield. Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval
Institute Publications. pp. 13–29, 264–268. ISBN 0-918720-15-X. LCCN 82-3577.
Kaske, Robert E. (1983). "The Seven Status Ecclesiae in Purgatorio XXXII and
XXXIII". In Bernardo, Aldo S. & Pellegrini, Anthony L. (eds.). Dante, Petrarch,
Boccaccio: Studies in the Italian Trecento in Honor of Charles S. Singleton.
Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies. Vol. 22. Binghamton, New York: State
University of New York at Binghamton. pp. 89–113. ISBN 0-86698-061-X. LCCN 83-717.
Kaske, Robert E. (1984). "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight". In Masters, George
Mallary (ed.). Medieval and Renaissance Studies: Proceedings of the Southeastern
Institute of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, Summer 1979. Medieval and
Renaissance Series. Vol. 10. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North
Carolina Press. pp. 24–44. ISBN 0-8078-1620-5. ISSN 0076-6089. LCCN 68-54949.
Kaske, Robert E. (1988). "The Character Hunger in Piers Plowman". In Kennedy,
Edward Donald; Waldron, Ronald & Wittig, Joseph S. (eds.). Medieval English Studies
Presented to George Kane. Wolfeboro, New Hampshire: D. S. Brewer. pp. 187–197. ISBN
0-85991-262-0. LCCN 87-27209.
Kaske, Robert E. (1990). "Casualty and Miracle: Philosophical Perspectives in the
Knight's Tale and the Man of Law's Tale". In Allen, David G. & White, Robert A.
(eds.). Traditions and Innovations: Essays on British Literature of the Middle Ages
and the Renaissance. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware Press. pp. 11–34.
ISBN 0-87413-355-6.
Reviews
Kaske, Robert E. (December 1959g). "Review: "Piers Plowman" and the Scheme of
Salvation: An Interpretation of "Dowel, Dobet, and Dobest", by Robert Worth Frank,
Jr". Modern Language Notes. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins Press. LXXIV
(8): 730–733. JSTOR 3040398. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (January 1963d). "Review: Piers Plowman as a Fourteenth-Century
Apocalypse, by Morton W. Bloomfield". The Journal of English and Germanic
Philology. Urbana, Illinois: The University of Illinois. LXII (1): 202–208. JSTOR
27714209. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (January 1963e). "Review: Piers the Plowman: Literary Relations of
the A and B Texts, by David C. Fowler". The Journal of English and Germanic
Philology. Urbana, Illinois: The University of Illinois. LXII (1): 208–213. JSTOR
27714210. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (June 1963f). "Chaucer and Medieval Allegory". ELH. Baltimore,
Maryland: The Johns Hopkins Press. 30 (2): 175–192. doi:10.2307/2872089. JSTOR
2872089. closed access
A "review article," reviewing A Preface to Chaucer: Studies in Medieval
Perspectives, by D. W. Robertson Jr.
Kaske, Robert E. (July 1966). "Review: Piers Plowman: The Evidence for Authorship,
by George Kane". The Journal of English and Germanic Philology. Urbana, Illinois:
The University of Illinois. LXV (3): 583–586. JSTOR 27714923. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (October 1966). "Review: Superbia: Studien zum altenglischen
Wortschatz, by Hans Schabram". Speculum. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval
Academy of America. XLI (4): 762–764. doi:10.2307/2852344. JSTOR 2852344. closed
access
Kaske, Robert E. (January 1967d). "Review: Allegorical Imagery: Some Mediaeval
Books and Their Posterity, by Rosemond Tuve". Speculum. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
The Mediaeval Academy of America. XLII (1): 196–199. doi:10.2307/2856132. JSTOR
2856132. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (September 1968e). "Review: "The Pearl": An Interpretation, by
Patricia Margaret Kean". English Language Notes. Boulder, Colorado: University of
Colorado. VI (1): 48–52. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (January 1970b). "Review: A Reading of Beowulf, by Edward B.
Irving, Jr". The Journal of English and Germanic Philology. Urbana, Illinois: The
University of Illinois. LXIX (1): 159–161. JSTOR 27705832. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (1971). "Review: 'Pearl' in its Setting: A Critical Study of the
Structure and Meaning of the Middle English Poem, by Ian Bishop". Anglia. Tübingen,
Baden-Württemberg: Max Niemeyer Verlag. 89: 13–137.
doi:10.1515/angl.1971.1971.89.119. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (January 1971). "Review: Theology and Poetry in the Middle English
Lyric: A Study of Sacred History and Aesthetic Form, by Sarah Appleton Weber".
Speculum. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America. XLVI (1):
188–190. doi:10.2307/2855128. JSTOR 2855128. closed access
Kaske, Robert E. (November 1974). "Review: The Interpretation of Old English Poems,
by Stanley B. Greenfield". Modern Philology. The University of Chicago Press. 72
(2): 190–194. doi:10.1086/390557. JSTOR 436745. closed access
Other
Kaske, Robert E. (September 25, 1940a). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVII, no. 1. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (October 9, 1940b). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVII, no. 3. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (October 16, 1940c). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVII, no. 4. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (October 23, 1940d). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVII, no. 5. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (October 30, 1940e). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVII, no. 6. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (November 6, 1940f). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVII, no. 7. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (November 20, 1940g). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVII, no. 8. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (December 11, 1940h). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVII, no. 10. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (December 18, 1940i). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVII, no. 11. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (January 15, 1941a). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVII, no. 12. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (January 22, 1941b). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVII, no. 13. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (February 12, 1941c). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVII, no. 14. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (February 19, 1941d). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVII, no. 15. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (February 26, 1941e). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVII, no. 16. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (March 5, 1941f). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVII, no. 17. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (March 12, 1941g). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVII, no. 18. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (March 19, 1941h). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVII, no. 19. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (April 9, 1941i). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVII, no. 21. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (April 23, 1941j). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVII, no. 22. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (April 30, 1941k). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVII, no. 23. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (May 7, 1941l). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol. XXVII,
no. 24. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (May 14, 1941m). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol. XXVII,
no. 25. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (May 21, 1941n). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol. XXVII,
no. 26. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (October 16, 1941o). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVIII, no. 3. Cincinnati, Ohio. pp. 2, 6. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (October 23, 1941p). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVIII, no. 4. Cincinnati, Ohio. pp. 2, 6. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (November 29, 1941q). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVIII, no. 7. Cincinnati, Ohio. pp. 4, 8. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (December 12, 1941r). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVIII, no. 8. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (December 19, 1941s). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVIII, no. 9. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (January 15, 1942a). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVIII, no. 10. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (January 27, 1942b). "Quid Ergo?". Xavier University News. Vol.
XXVIII, no. 11. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 2. icon of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E. (November 1948). "Sergeant Hinchey's Homecoming". Factotum (2):
13–18. OCLC 1568729.
Kaske, Robert E. (November 1948). "One Pound, Four Shillings". Factotum (2): 22–25.
OCLC 1568729.
Kaske, Robert E. (November 1948). "Weltschmerz, 1942". Factotum (2): 47. OCLC
1568729.
Kaske, Robert E. (May 1949a). "Prime Wisdom". Factotum (3): 9. OCLC 1568729.
Kaske, Robert E. (May 1949b). "Kohala Summit". Factotum (3): 10. OCLC 1568729.
Kaske, Robert E.; Morris, Edward P. & Kirkwood, Gordon M. (1980). "Hutton, James".
Individual Memorial Statements. Cornell University. Retrieved March 28, 2021. icon
of an open green padlock
Kaske, Robert E.; Slatoff, Walter J. & Parrish, Stephen M. (1980). "French, Walter
Hoyt". Individual Memorial Statements. Cornell University. Retrieved March 28,
2021. icon of an open green padlock
Notes
The photograph was taken by George Simian, a Cornell alumnus then working at the
university as an instructor in photography.[1][2] Upon seeing it, Kaske remarked
"Well, it ain't flattering, but good photography, I guess. ... And it is a
beautiful portrait of Rex."[1]
Kaske wrote for this paper even after his graduation, including a winter 1946–47
submission.[25]
Kaske was one of nine finalists for membership in the Dante Lecture Club as a
sophomore, but was not one of the three selected.[41]
 As a junior, Kaske wrote satirically that "What democracy is I don't exactly
remember. I often think it must be a sort of idol to which every twenty years we
sacrifice our finest young men".[45] Of wearing the ROTC uniform in public, Kaske
commented, "[a]dmiration, amusement, scorn, dismay, and even downright fear we have
seen registered; but the payoff, we have always felt, is the bizarre assortment of
questions which pop out at the uniformed victim from every side."[46] Such
questions, he wrote, ranged from "What are you?" ("Possible answers: (a) 'I'm
Yehudi.' (b) 'I'm an American; what are you?' (c) 'Eagle member, Scout Troop 11
1⁄2.' (d) 'Ich bin ein Shtorm Trooper! Sieg Heil!' (e) Dignified silence.") to
"What are all those decorations for?" (possible answers: "(a) 'I was the only one
who knew which end of the cannon the shell comes out.' (b) 'They're to cover up the
bullet-holes.' (c) Dignified silence.").[46]
Eight years earlier, Kaske had written about the "extremely challenging problem"
that "the draft will lower moral standards in the United States", by taking
conscripts "from their jobs, their home, and their families while still in their
formative years".[68] Some measures, Kaske wrote, "must be taken to safeguard our
youth. After all, do we not give our time, energy, and money to drives against
indecent literature and picture-shows, for the same purpose?"[68]
Kaske's salary rose to $13,700 (equivalent to $133,000 in 2022) the following
year.[93] He would return to UNC later on in his career, including when he lectured
on "The Marriage Group" in Chaucer on March 7, 1969, and gave a medieval poetry
reading three days later,[94][95] and another visit in summer 1979.[96]
Another reason for this term may have been that Kaske frequently shared stories
from his military days.[113]
On one visit to New Hampshire, for instance, Kaske came across a copy of
Malvenda's sixteenth-century treatise De Antichristo in a second-hand book store
specializing in Civil War memorabilia and detective novels.[119] Kaske purchased
the volume and gave it to a friend.[119]
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