NCM 121: Health Education
NEEDS
MOTIVATION IN LEARNING
MOTIVATION
A. A process by which an individual creates an
inner drive to accomplish goals or objectives.
B. Influences an individual to act.
C. Is the practical art of applying incentives and
arousing interest for the purpose of causing a
student to perform in a desired way.
D. Involves the use of various devices such as
offering rewards or an appeal or desire to
excel.
PURPOSE OF MOTIVATION
1. Arouse the desire to achieve a goal.
2. Stimulate action to accomplish a particular
objective.
3. Cause a student to perform in a desired way.
4. Arouse interest thereby making a student
simply work; willingly and to complete a task.
5. Use various incentives such as the offering of
rewards or an appeal in order to excel.
6. Stimulate an individual to follow a certain
direction desired for learning.
TYPES OF MOTIVATION
1. INTRINSIC MOTIVATION
A. Occurs when the learner wants to learn for the
sake of learning.
B. Creates a sense of responsibility or feeling that
learning is important.
C. Having control over one’s own resources,
autonomy, or freedom to act.
D. Methods to us and develop skills and abilities,
interest, and challenge in work and
opportunities for advancement.
2. EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION
A. Occurs when the learner wants to learn for
reasons other than his or her own personal
interest.
B. Based on social motives which may include:
Rewards
Punishment
To please significant directly involved
with the learner
Desire to compete with peer groups
Recognition and celebration
MASLOW’S THEORY OF MOTIVATION AND
1.PHYSIOLOGIC NEEDS
These are biological basic needs such as food,
clothing, and shelter.
The teacher physiologic needs must be met in
order to efficiently and effectively transfer
learning to a student.
The teacher physiologic needs must be met in
order to understand knowledge very well for
learning to take place.
A student with an empty stomach may find it
difficult to concentrate, hence learning is
hampered.
2. SAFETY NEEDS
Teachers have inherent need to survive to
protect themselves from any health hazards or
injury.
This includes having a protection plan for
sickness through environmental cleanliness,
sanitation, waste management, clean air, and
protection from fire hazards.
3. SOCIAL NEEDS
Teachers and learners need a sense of
belongingness, love, and acceptance from
significant people such as family members,
friends, and neighbors in the community.
When social needs are met, feelings of
loneliness and alienation from others are
easily overcome.
4. ESTEEM NEEDS
Can be raised by rewarding students for the
good they have done.
Giving verbal “pat-on-the-back” and a small
present for a task that has been done correctly
serve to boost a student’s morale self-concept.
5. SELF-ACTUALIZATION NEEDS
Realization of success
Individual’s need to be and d that which the
individual was “born to do”.
MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS OF LEARNERS
1. PSYCHOSOCIAL NEEDS
Arise from the learner because she is part of a
social setting.
Learning takes place within oneself but
enhanced when a learner is within a group of
learners.
To motivate learners to undergo the process of
change and to meet their psychosocial needs
the teacher should be concerned with the
following to initiate learning: (Heidgerken,
1971)
A. SECURITY
Feeling of being safe and protected.
A student learns best if she knows that the
learning environment is safe from risk factors
such as fire, floods, collapsible buildings, and
burglars (illegal entry to the building), among
others.
B. ANXIETY
Feeling of concern or worry about some
anticipated event which seem to involve some
danger to the individual learning process such
as assignments and course requirements
among others.
C. FRUSTRATION
Feeling of being blocked or hindered to
achieve a goal because of some barriers or
constraints in the learning process.
D. INDEPENDENCE
They need to achieve a status of self-
sufficiency, which arises from the individuality
of each person.
E. ACTUALIZATION
Fulfillment of one’s personality potential.
An important motivational force for man to
aspire the best things in life for her and others
to recognize their capabilities and self-worth.
F. ASSERTION
The overt manifestation of one’s personality to
speak for oneself, her ideas, opinions, and
feelings in a respectful manner without
creating enemies.
G. ACHIEVEMENTS
The need to attain some worthwhile goals, the
degree of which varies from one person to
another.
H. RECOGNITION
Refers to acknowledgement of one’s
achievement in some activity by others.
I. PARTICIPATION
Sharing of experiences and activities with
others.
J. INTEREST
A conscious awareness of an inner desire for
some object which has concern or importance
to a person.
K. RELIGIOUS NEED
The individual’s inner requirement for God
Some scholars have long recognized this need
as one of the man’s most important needs.
2. INCENTIVES
Refers to the use of praise, reproof,
competition, knowledge of results, quizzes,
grades among others to initiate and sustain
motivation.
Too many incentives may create complacent
behavior and overshadow the real meaning of
responsibility which may also obscure
development and maturity.
A. PRAISE AND REPROOF
Everyone craves for recognition or approval
from others which may encourage or
discourage the individua; to pursue higher
tasks.
Very careful in the use because unwise use
can create undesirable traits in students.
B. COMPETITION
Urging oneself to take action to achieve a
certain objective in order to prove one’s
capability or excellence.
Entails motivating oneself to perform a task
better than others.
Three kinds of competition:
1. Competition wherein an individual is
one of the group that competes with
another group.
2. Competition wherein an individual
competes with other individuals in the
same group.
3. Self-competition wherein an individual
competes against her own record.
C. KNOWLEDGE OF PROGRESS
Students must be kept informed of their
progress through self-evaluation, assignments,
tests, and examinations and through
conferences with teachers.
 D. SCHOOL MARKS
Stimulate school work to a greater degree than
other forms of motivation.
Used as basis for grading and offer a powerful
stimulus to induce learning activities.
E. EXHIBITING GOOD WORK
Often yields positive results
When a student knows that the best work is to
be exhibited, the desire to do better work is
stimulated or created.
F. GAME OR PLAY
An incentive for learning and a great factor in
physical and mental development.
It develops personal discipline essential in
doing mature roles and ensuring responsibility.
K. PUNISHMENT
Punishment has been assumed to accomplish
the following:
1. Teach the learner to respect for
authority.
2. Block undesirable responses.
3. Force the learner to do something he
was not ready to do or did not want to
do.
4. Set an example for potential offender.
5. Make the student pay attention to
class work.
6. Motivate students to learn assigned
material. (These, however, may block
students desire to pursue life’s goals
since it imposes self-threatening
behavior derived from external forces,
hence, may impair learning.)

G. EXAMINATION
Creates a drive among students to prepare
and review in order to attain a passing mark
which will spare her of embarrassment due to
failure.

H. DEAN’S LIST
It gives a student’s sense of recognition and
pride.
This type of motivation appeals only to bright
students.

I. EMULATION
Exemplified in cases where students are
required by the teacher to do their test in oral
or written exercises.

J. MATERIAL REWARDS
Helps motivate students to learn.
Drawbacks on the use of material rewards:
1. Increase rewards periodically to
sustain and maintain motivation to
learn.
2. Material rewards become the primary
goals while school learning becomes
only an incidental means to an end
which is quickly cast aside or ignored.