ICT and MULTIMEDIA

FUNDAMENTAL
Distinguish between data, information
and knowledge;

by Julia and Arina

 DATA
Data refers to raw and unprocessed
facts, figures, or symbols.
It is the basic building block of
information and knowledge.
Related to fact, event and
transaction.
Data refer to unprocessed
information.
Data on its own lacks context and
meaning
For example, a list of numbers (such
as "5, 10, 15, 20") is data. It becomes
meaningful when it is organized and
interpreted.
INFORMATION
Information is the result of processing
and organizing data into a coherent
and meaningful structure.
It provides context, relevance, and
purpose to data.
Information answers questions like
"who," "what," "where," and "when."
It is data that has been processed,
analyzed, and given context.
For example, if we take the list of
numbers and label them as
"Temperature readings (in Celsius)
every 5 minutes: 5, 10, 15, 20," then it
becomes information.
KNOWLEDGE
Knowledge goes beyond
information. It represents a deeper
level of understanding that results
from combining information,
experience, context, and insights.
Knowledge involves recognizing
patterns, relationships, and
implications.
It answers the question of "why"
and involves critical thinking and
analysis.
Knowledge is a deeper
understanding that results from
connecting information with
experience, context, and insights,
often involving critical thinking.
 01 DATA
❖ Data refers to raw and unprocessed facts, figures, or symbols.
❖ It is the basic building block of information and knowledge.
❖ Related to fact, event and transaction.
❖ Data refer to unprocessed information.
❖ Data on its own lacks context and meaning
❖ For example, a list of numbers (such as "5, 10, 15, 20") is data. It
becomes meaningful when it is organized and interpreted.
TYPES OF DATA

Quantitative Qualitative Nominal

discreet and continuous. Text, audio, images. Can be ethnicity, eye color, gender.
can be expressed shared through data Used to categorised things
mathematically visualisation

Ordinal Discrete Continuous

Used to rank items in Only a spesific number of Data that is measurable
order of priority or values are possible. And those and observable in
value. eg; $0-$5 values cannot be subdivided real time
 02 INFORMATION
★ Information is the result of processing and organizing data into a
coherent and meaningful structure.
★ It provides context, relevance, and purpose to data.
★ Information answers questions like "who," "what," "where," and
"when."
★ It is data that has been processed, analyzed, and given context.
★ For example, if we take the list of numbers and label them as
"Temperature readings (in Celsius) every 5 minutes: 5, 10, 15, 20,"
then it becomes information.
 02 INFORMATION
★ Organised data that is valuable and meaningful to a specific user.
★ Intelligent decision making requires accurate, complete and timely
information.
★ This applies to all levels of management in an organization.
Characteristics of Information:

01 Accurate 02 Complete
The degree to which it is free The information must tell the
from error. whole story about an issue or
sudject matter to be useful.

03 Relevant 04 Timely
The more relevant the This refers to how current or
information, the better the up-to-date the information.
quality of the decision making.
 03 KNOWLEDGE
★ Knowledge goes beyond information.

★ is a deeper level of understanding that involves the application of information and the ability to
make connections, draw conclusions, and solve problems.

★ Knowledge is gained through experience, learning, and interpreting information within a broader
context.

★ It involves understanding, insight, and the ability to apply information to solve problems or make
decisions.

★ It answers the question "how" and often requires critical thinking.

★ Knowledge involves grasping relationships between different pieces of information and being able
to draw conclusions.

★ For instance, knowing that the temperature is increasing at a constant rate based on the provided
data and understanding the implications of this trend is a form of knowledge.