2.

1 Practice – Function Intro Answer Key

Name: __________________________
Pre-Calculus

For 1-4, identify if the relationship represents a function. If it does not, clearly explain why not.
1) Independent Dependent 2) Domain Range 3) The ordered pairs: 4) 𝑓𝑓 (−5) = 0, 𝑓𝑓(−1) = 4,
-2 5 3 -1 (−17, 0), (1, −4), 𝑓𝑓(0) = −5, 𝑓𝑓(4) = 2, and
0 5 2 -5 (−2,5), (3,4), and (1,6). 𝑓𝑓(−1) = 4.
1 5 5 -5
2 5 4 -6 NOT A FUNCTION. The FUNCTION. The input value
6 5 3 -3 x-value of 1 has two of -1 repeats, but the output
different y-values. is 4 both times.
FUNCTION. The independent NOT A FUNCTION. The
values do not repeat. domain value of 3 has two
different range values.

For 5-8, identify the independent (input) variable and the dependent (output) variable.
5) While Trick-or-Treating, the amount of candy collected 6) The amount of candy eaten determines the number
depends on the number of doors knocked. of cavities the following year.

Input: number of doors knocked. Input: amount of candy eaten.

Output: amount of candy collected. Output: number of cavities.

7) The ability to draw quality art is a function of the hours 8) The month of the year helps determine the average
spent drawing. high temperature.

Input: hours spent drawing. Input: month of the year.

Output: ability to draw quality art. Output: average high temperature.

For 9-11, write a sentence explaining the meaning of the specific numbers given for each scenario.
9) The input of a function 𝐶𝐶 is time 10) The input of a function 𝑊𝑊 is 11) The input of a function 𝐼𝐼 is the number
of day since midnight. The height (in centimeters). The of lame jokes Mr. Kelly tells in a day.
output is the number of cars in output is weight (in pounds). The output is the irritability level of his
the parking lot. What does What does 𝑊𝑊 (183) = 212 students (measured in Kellygrams).
𝐶𝐶 (9) = 115 mean? mean? What does 𝐼𝐼 (8) = 78 mean?

At 9:00 a.m. there are 115 cars in A person with a height of 184 cm Students have an irritability level of 78
the parking lot. weighs 212 lbs. when Mr. Kelly tells 8 lame jokes.

For 12-14, use a graphing calculator to complete the table. Use the method indicated.
12) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) = 0.7𝑥𝑥 2 − 4.9𝑥𝑥 + 501 13) 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥 ) =
𝑥𝑥 2 +𝑥𝑥 14) ℎ(𝑥𝑥 ) = 5034𝑥𝑥 5 + 35.2𝑥𝑥 − 8005
Use Table Ask 𝑥𝑥−4 Use Function Notation
Use Trace

494.4 -2.222 -9682.701

1081.1 28.282 30274.738
1399.6 27.176 -7939.372
For 15-18, use the graph given for each problem to determine the values. If the value is between two integers,
approximate to one decimal place.
15) 16)
a. 𝑓𝑓(2) = 4
y
a. 𝑓𝑓(−3) = 4
y

3 3

b. 𝑓𝑓(−2) = 2
b. 𝑓𝑓(1.5) = 2
1
x 1
x
c. If 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −4, −5 −4 −3 −2 −1
−1
1 2 3 4 5
c. If 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 3, then −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5

then 𝑥𝑥 = −2 𝑥𝑥 = −1

−2
−3
−3
−4
−4
d. If 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 0, d. If 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 0, then
then the possible the possible
value(s) of 𝑥𝑥 are: value(s) of 𝑥𝑥 are:

17) 18)
a. 𝑓𝑓(0) = 5
y
a. 𝑓𝑓(2) = 3
y

4
2

b. 𝑓𝑓(−1) = 3
b. 𝑓𝑓(3) =
1

2 x
c. If 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 4, then c. If 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −1, −3 −2 −1 1 2 3

then 𝑥𝑥 =
1
𝑥𝑥 = x −1

−3 −2 −1 1 2 3
−2
−1

d. If 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 0, d. If 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 0, then −3

then the possible the possible

value(s) of 𝑥𝑥 are: value(s) of 𝑥𝑥 are:

For 19-23, state whether or not each graph represents a function.

19) 20) 21) 22) y 23)
3

x
−4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4

−1

−2

−3

Function Not a Function Function Function Not a Function

24) Find the output for 𝑤𝑤 (𝑥𝑥 ) = 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 + 2

a. 𝑤𝑤 (∆) = b. 𝑤𝑤 (𝑥𝑥 + 3) = c. 𝑤𝑤 (𝑥𝑥 + ℎ) =
 2.1 Application and Extension
1) Does this graph represent a function? 2) Use the graph to approximate the following values.
a. 𝑓𝑓(−4) = 4
y

3
b. 𝑓𝑓(0) = 2
1
c. If 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −1, then 𝑥𝑥 =
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2
−1
d. If 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 0, then the possible −2
value(s) of 𝑥𝑥 are: −3

For 3-4, determine whether each of the situations describes a function. Give a reason for your answer.
3) The letter grade in this course is a 4) The numerical grade in this course is a function of the letter
function of your numerical grade. grade.

Yes. An input of a numerical No. An input of a letter grade can have multiple
grade can only have one output number grades. For example 94% and 95% are
letter grade. both an A.

For 5-7, fill in the table to the right. Let 𝒙𝒙 represent the elevation in feet and 𝒔𝒔(𝒙𝒙) represent the daily
average amount of snowfall (in inches) during the month of February.
5) Determine 𝑠𝑠(4000). What does it mean?
𝑠𝑠(𝑥𝑥) = 1.28(1.0005)𝑥𝑥
𝟗𝟗. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 inches of daily snowfall at 4,000 feet.

6) Determine 𝑠𝑠(5200). What does it mean?

𝟑𝟑. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 inches of daily snowfall at 5,200 feet.
𝟓𝟓. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕
7) Determine 𝑠𝑠(14,000). What is wrong with this value? 𝟗𝟗. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 inches. That would be over 100 feet snow 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓
in one day, which is not reasonable.
8) If you were reading the equation 𝑔𝑔(3) = 50 out loud, what would you say? (Write exactly word-for-
word how you would say it.)
𝒈𝒈 of three equals fifty.

Skillz Review:Write the function of each graph using 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = √𝑥𝑥, 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 3 , 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥) = |𝑥𝑥|, or 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 .
1) 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = √𝒙𝒙 − 𝟏𝟏 − 𝟐𝟐 2) 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = (𝒙𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏)𝟑𝟑 + 𝟐𝟐 3) 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = |𝒙𝒙| − 𝟐𝟐 4) 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = (𝒙𝒙 + 𝟐𝟐)𝟐𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏
y
4 2
2 3
1
2 x
1 2
x 1
1 x
−4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4
−4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 x −1
−1 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4
−4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 −1 −2
−2 −1
−3 −2 −3
−2
−4 −3
−3 −4
2.2 Practice – Domain and Range (Graphs) Answer Key
Name: __________________________
Pre-Calculus
For 1-12, name the basic function shown and write the equation. Try not to look back at your notes if possible.
Greatest Integer Exponential Function Square Root Function Absolute Value
Function y y Function
4 4 y
y
3 3 5
2
4
2 2
1 3
1 1
x
2
x x
−2 −1 1 2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 1
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3 x
−1 −1
−1 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4
−1
−2 −2

𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = 𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙 𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = √𝒙𝒙

𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = 𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢(𝒙𝒙) 𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = |𝒙𝒙|
Cosine Function Logistic Function Logarithm Function Linear Function
y y y y
3 3
2 1
2 2
1 1 1
x x x x

−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4
−1 −1
−1
−2 −2
−2 −1
−3 −3

𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝒙𝒙 𝟏𝟏 𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝒙𝒙 𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = 𝒙𝒙

𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) =
𝟏𝟏 + 𝒆𝒆−𝒙𝒙
Sine Function Cubic Function Quadratic Function Rational Function
y y y y
3 3
2 4
2 2
3
1 1 1
x x 2 x

−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4
1
−1 −1
−1 x
−2 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 −2
−2 −1
−3 −3

𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝒙𝒙 𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = 𝒙𝒙𝟑𝟑 𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟏

𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) =
𝒙𝒙

For 13-16, identify the domain intervals where each function is increasing, decreasing, and constant. Use interval
notation.
13) Inc: Dec: 14) Inc: Dec:
y
y

(−∞, −2) (−2, −1) (1,4) (−3,1)

∪ (−1,4) ∪ (4, ∞)
x

Constant: None Constant:

x

(−∞, −3) ∪ (4, ∞)

15) Inc: Dec: 16) Inc: Dec:
y

(−2,1) (−∞, −2) (−3, −1) (−∞, −3)

∪ (1,5) ∪ (2,3) ∪ (−1,0)
x

Constant: (5, ∞) Constant: (0,2) ∪

x

(3, ∞)

For 17-26, identify the domain and range of each function. Use both interval notation and inequality notation.
17) Domain: 18) Domain:
y y
6
3

Interval: (−∞, ∞)
2 Interval: (−1,1] 5

4
1
x
3
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1
−1
1 2 3 4 5
Inequality: all real numbers 2
Inequality: −1 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 1
−2 Range: 1
Range:
−3
Interval: (−∞, 0] −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4
x
Interval: (−1,5]
−4
−1
−5

−6 Inequality: 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 0 −2
Inequality: −1 < 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 5
19) Domain: 20) Domain:
y y

3 5

2
Interval: [3, ∞) 4
Interval: [0,5)
1 3

x Inequality: 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 3 2
Inequality: 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 < 5
Range: Range:
−1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

−1 1

−2
Interval: [−1, ∞) x
Interval: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
−1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

−3 −1

Inequality: 𝑦𝑦 ≥ −1 Inequality: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
21) Domain: 22) Domain:
y y
4
3
3
Interval: [−5,2) ∪ (2,4) 2
Interval: [−4,4)
Inequality: −5 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 < 2
2

1
1
x
and 2 < 𝑥𝑥 < 4 x Inequality: −4 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 < 4
Range:
−4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4
Range:
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5
−1
−1

−2
Interval: [−4, −2] ∪ (−1, 3) −2 Interval: [−2,2]
Inequality: −4 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ −2
−3
−3
−4

and − 1 < 𝑦𝑦 < 3 Inequality: −2 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 2

23) Domain: 24) Domain:
y y
4
6

5 Interval: (−∞, ∞) 3
Interval: [−5, −1) ∪
[1,5)
2
4
1
3
Inequality: all real numbers x
Inequality: −5 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 < −1
Range:
2 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5

1
−1 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 1 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 < 5
x
Interval: (1, ∞) −2
Range:
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5
Interval: [−4, −2] ∪ [2,4]
−3
−1
−4
−2
Inequality: 𝑦𝑦 > 1 Inequality: −4 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ −2
and 2 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 4
25) Domain: 26) Domain:
y y
3

Interval: [−4,4) 2
Interval: (−∞, 1) ∪ (1, ∞)
Inequality: 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 1
1
x

Inequality: −4 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 < 4 −4 −3 −2 −1
−1
1 2 3 4 5 6
Range:
Range: Interval: (−∞, −1) ∪
x
−2

Interval: [−2,2] −3
(−1, ∞)
Inequality: 𝑦𝑦 ≠ −1
−4

−5
Inequality: −2 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 2
 2.2 Application and Extension
Relevant domain for a model is a domain that fits the situation. For each of the following models (27-30)
give the relevant domain using inequality notation and explain your reasoning in a full sentence. Some
problems will have more than one correct answer, so do your best to explain.
27. The volume of a sphere depends on its radius 28. A person’s height (feet) depends on their age
4 1
and is modeled by 𝑉𝑉(𝑟𝑟) = 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 3 . (years) and is modeled by 𝐻𝐻(𝑎𝑎) = 𝑎𝑎 + 1
3 4

𝒓𝒓 > 𝟎𝟎. The radius of a sphere can’t 𝟎𝟎 < 𝒂𝒂 < 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. People don’t usually
be negative or zero. live past 110 years.

29. The distance you travel while hiking is a function 30. To change Celsius to Fahrenheit, use the formula
9
of how long you hike at 3 miles per hour. This is 𝐹𝐹(𝐶𝐶) = 𝐶𝐶 + 32. You are concerned only with
5
modeled by 𝑑𝑑(𝑡𝑡) = 3𝑡𝑡 where 𝑡𝑡 is measured in temperatures from freezing to boiling.
hours.

𝟎𝟎 < 𝒕𝒕 < 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. A 12-hour hike is about 𝟎𝟎 < 𝑪𝑪 < 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 0 Celsius is when water
as long as Mr. Bean could hike freezes and 100 Celsius when water
before falling over and collapsing. boils.

31. Which function is only decreasing? 32. If a graph’s average slope between two points is
positive, then is the graph increasing or
(A) Outdoor temperature as a function of time. decreasing?
(B) The Dow Jones Industrial Average as a function
of time. It might increase and decrease
(C) Air pressure in the Earth’s atmosphere as a during the interval, but the overall
function of altitude. average is increasing.
(D) World population since 1900 as a function of
time.
(E) Water pressure in the ocean as a function of
depth.

33. Sketch (freehand) a graph of a function 𝑓𝑓 with

y

Possible graph 6
domain all real numbers that satisfies all of the
5
following conditions:
4
3
a. There are no breaks in the graph (it is
2
continuous).
1
b. 𝑓𝑓(0) = 2 x

c. 𝑓𝑓(3) = 0 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
−1
d. 𝑓𝑓(5) = 𝑓𝑓(0)
−2
e. 𝑓𝑓 is increasing on (−∞, 0) and on (3, 5)
−3
f. 𝑓𝑓 is decreasing on (0, 3) and on (5, ∞)
−4
−5
−6
34. Mr. Brust’s flip-flops are thrown into the air by a catapult. Their height (measured in feet) is modeled by
the equation ℎ(𝑡𝑡) = −16𝑡𝑡 2 + 85𝑡𝑡, where 𝑡𝑡 is seconds.
I. What is the relevant domain of this model (use a graphing calculator)? What does it represent?

𝟎𝟎 < 𝒕𝒕 < 𝟓𝟓. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. The time the flip-flops are in the air.

II. What is the relevant range of this model (use a graphing calculator)? What does it represent?

𝟎𝟎 < 𝒉𝒉 < 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖. The height of the flip-flops while they are in the air.

35. Let 𝑓𝑓 be a polynomial function with degree greater than 2 (cubic, quartic, etc). If 𝑎𝑎 ≠ 𝑏𝑏 and 𝑓𝑓(𝑎𝑎) =
𝑓𝑓(𝑏𝑏) = 3, which of the following must be true for at least one value of 𝑥𝑥 between 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏. (One, both,
or neither could be true.) Explain your reasoning in full sentences.

I. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 0 at least once.

y

4
II. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) has at least one maximum or minimum.
3
Hint: Use the graph to help you draw a picture that proves or
2
disproves each statement.
1
I. False. The graph does not have to drop to the
x-axis.
x
a b
II. True. The graph is a polynomial and must −1
have a turn in the graph, causing a max or min.
−2

Skillz Review: Write the function of each graph using 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = √𝑥𝑥, 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 3 , 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = |𝑥𝑥|, or 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 .

1) 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = (𝒙𝒙 − 𝟏𝟏)𝟐𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏 2) 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = |𝒙𝒙 − 𝟐𝟐| 3) 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = √𝒙𝒙 + 𝟐𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐 4) 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = (𝒙𝒙 − 𝟏𝟏)𝟑𝟑 − 𝟐𝟐

y y 1
4 1 4
x x
3
−2 −1 1 2 3 4 3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4
2 −1 −1
2
1 −2 −2
x 1
−3 −3
3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4
−1 −4 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 −4
−2 −1
 2.3 Practice – Limits (Graphically) Answer Key
Name: _____________________________
Pre-Calculus
For 1-4, identify the 𝒙𝒙-values of each discontinuity, and write if it is removable or not. If it is nonremovable then
classify the type.
1) Nonremovable jump 2) Removable discontinuity
y
4

discontinuity at 𝒙𝒙 = −𝟐𝟐. at 𝒙𝒙 = −𝟐𝟐.

4 y
3
3
2

2
1
x Nonremovable jump 1
Nonremovable jump
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1
−1
1 2 3 4 5
discontinuity at 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟐𝟐. −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4
x
discontinuity at 𝒙𝒙 = −𝟏𝟏.
−2 −1

−3 −2
Nonremovable infinite
(vertical asymptote)
−4 −3

discontinuity at 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟐𝟐.
−4

3) y Nonremovable jump 4) y Removable discontinuity

4

3
discontinuity at 𝒙𝒙 = −𝟑𝟑. 5
at 𝒙𝒙 = −𝟐𝟐.
4

2 3

1
Removable discontinuity at 2 Nonremovable jump
x 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏. 1
x discontinuity at 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟎𝟎.
−4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6
−1 −1

−2 Nonremovable jump −2

−3 discontinuity at 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟐𝟐. −3

−4
−4

For 5-8, give the value of each statement. If the value does not exist, write “does not exist” or “undefined.”
5) 4
y

a. lim = 3
x → −1−
b. 𝑓𝑓(1) = 1 3

c. lim = 0
x →0
d. lim = 1
x→2+
2

e. 𝑓𝑓(−1) = 1 f. lim = −1 x

x →1 − −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4

g. lim = 1 h. 𝑓𝑓(2) = Does not exist −1

x → −1+ −2

i. lim = Does not exist j. lim = Does not exist −3

x→2 x →1
−4

6)
lim = 0
y
a. b. 𝑓𝑓(1) = Does not exist 5
x → −3 4

3
c. lim = −5
x →1
d. lim = 4
x → −2 +
2

1
x

e. 𝑓𝑓(3) = −1 f. lim f ( x) = 1
x →−2 −
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1
−1
1 2 3 4 5

−2

lim = Does not exist

−3
g. h. 𝑓𝑓(−2) = 3
−4
x → −2

i. lim = 3
x → −1
j. lim = −5
x →1 −
−5
7) y

lim = 1
5

a. b. 𝑓𝑓(3) = Does not exist 4

x →3+
3

c. lim = 1 d. lim = Does not exist

2

1
x →0 x →3
x
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5

e. 𝑓𝑓(0) = 2 f. lim = −2
x →3−
−1

−2

−3

g. lim = 1
x →0 +
h. 𝑓𝑓(1) = 0 −4

−5

8) 6
y

a. lim = 1
x → −1−
b. 𝑓𝑓(2) = 1 5

c. lim = 4 lim = 1
4
d.
x→2 x → −1 3

e. 𝑓𝑓(4) = Does not exist f. lim = 1 2

x →1−
1
g. lim = 1
x → −1+
h. 𝑓𝑓(1) = 1 x
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5
i. lim = 2 j. lim = Does not exist −1
x→4 x →1
−2

−3

−4

9) y

a. lim f ( x) = 4
x →3 −
b. 𝑓𝑓(−1) = Does not exist 5

3
c. lim f ( x) = 4
x → −3
d. lim f ( x) = 2
x → −1
2

lim f ( x) = −2
x
e. 𝑓𝑓(−3) = 1 f.
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5
x →3 +
−1

lim f ( x) = 3
−2
g. 𝑓𝑓(3) = 4 h.
x →0 −3

Skillz Review: Write the function of each graph using 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = √𝑥𝑥, 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 3 , 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = |𝑥𝑥|, or 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 .

1) 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = −(𝒙𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏)𝟑𝟑 + 𝟐𝟐 2) 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = (𝒙𝒙 − 𝟐𝟐)𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑
y y
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
3) 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = −|𝒙𝒙| + 𝟏𝟏 4) 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = −√𝒙𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏 + 𝟐𝟐
y y
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x

−4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4
−1 −1 −1 −1
−2 −2 −2 −2
−3 −3 −3 −3
−4 −4 −4 −4
 2.3 Application and Extension
1) Using the graph on the right, give the value of each y

statement. 5

a. lim f ( x) =
x →1−
b. 𝑓𝑓(−1) = 3

1
c. lim f ( x) =
x → −1
d. lim f ( x) =
x → −2 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5
x

−1

e. 𝑓𝑓(1) = f. lim f ( x) =
x →1+
−2

−3

2) A function 𝑓𝑓 is continuous on [−2, 2] and some of the values of 𝑓𝑓 are

shown to the right:

If 𝑓𝑓 has only one root, 𝑟𝑟, on the closed interval [−2, 2], and 𝑟𝑟 ≠ 0, then a possible value of 𝑏𝑏 is

a) −3 b) −2 c) −1 d) 0 e) 1
Explain your reasoning in full sentences. (Hint: Draw a picture!!)

“b” can’t be zero, because the problem states the root can’t be when 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟎𝟎.
Therefore the answer is not D. If “b” is negative, then there would be two zeros.
The only possible answer is E.
3) Sketch (freehand) a graph of a function 𝑓𝑓 that satisfies
y

6
all of the following conditions: Possible graph 5
4

a. lim f ( x) = 4
x → −3
3
2
b. lim f ( x) = 𝑓𝑓(5) 1
x
x→5
c. 𝑓𝑓 is decreasing on (−3, 2) −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1
−1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

d. 𝑓𝑓(−3) = −2 −2

e. lim f ( x) < lim f ( x) −3

− + −4
x→2 x→2
−5
−6

4) Sketch your own function with multiple discontinuities

y

6
(nonremovable and removable). In the space below, 5
describe your graph using limits for the discontinuities. 4
Also share the intervals on which it is increasing and 3

decreasing. 2
1
x

−7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
−1
Answers will vary, but a function must pass the −2
Vertical Line Test. That is the most common −3
mistake on this problem. −4
−5
−6
2.4 Practice – Limits to Infinity Answer Key
Name: _____________________________
Pre-Calculus

For 1-2, use limit notation to represent the horizontal and vertical asymptotes. Then sketch them on the graph.
1. Horizontal Asymptote: 2. Horizontal Asymptote:
y y

lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 2 lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −1

𝑥𝑥→−∞ 𝑥𝑥→−∞
lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 2 lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −1
𝑥𝑥→∞ 𝑥𝑥→∞
x

Vertical Asymptote: x Vertical Asymptote:

lim− 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = ∞ lim− 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = ∞
𝑥𝑥→1 𝑥𝑥→−3
lim+ 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −∞ lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = ∞
𝑥𝑥→1 𝑥𝑥→−3+

For 3-8, use a graphing calculator to find the horizontal asymptotes. Use limit notation to represent both the left and
the right side end behavior.
2𝑥𝑥−4 2.6
3. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = 4. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = −2
𝑥𝑥−8 1+𝑒𝑒 −𝑥𝑥
lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 2 lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −2
𝑥𝑥→−∞ 𝑥𝑥→−∞

lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 2 lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 0.6

𝑥𝑥→∞ 𝑥𝑥→∞
10𝑥𝑥−13𝑥𝑥 3 5+𝑥𝑥 2
5. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = 6. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) =
39𝑥𝑥 3 +89𝑥𝑥 2 +𝑥𝑥 12−3𝑥𝑥 2 +9𝑥𝑥
1 1
lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = − lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −
𝑥𝑥→−∞ 3 𝑥𝑥→−∞ 3

1 1
lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = − lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −
𝑥𝑥→∞ 3 𝑥𝑥→∞ 3
6 3.5
7. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = +2 8. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = +1
1+𝑒𝑒 −𝑥𝑥 1+𝑒𝑒 −𝑥𝑥

lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 2 lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 1

𝑥𝑥→−∞ 𝑥𝑥→−∞

lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 8 lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 4.5

𝑥𝑥→∞ 𝑥𝑥→∞
For 9-11, fill in the table and use that information to identify the vertical asymptote. Use limit notation to represent
the behavior of the graph at the vertical asymptote.

5𝑥𝑥 2 −4𝑥𝑥−1
9. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = -1499.5 ERROR 1500.5
10𝑥𝑥 2 −38𝑥𝑥−8 -1 -14.5 15.5 2

lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −∞ lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = ∞

𝑥𝑥→4 − 𝑥𝑥→4 +

3𝑥𝑥 2 −20𝑥𝑥−7
10. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) =
9𝑥𝑥 2 +21𝑥𝑥+6 3.333 30.33 3000.33 ERROR -2.999 -29.67 -2.667

lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = ∞ lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −∞

𝑥𝑥→−2− 𝑥𝑥→−2+

𝑥𝑥
11. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = 0 0.5 0.999 1 1.001 1.5 2 Choose your
1−𝑥𝑥
0 1 999 ERROR -1001 -3 -2 own domain
values!
lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = ∞ lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −∞ Your answers in the
𝑥𝑥→1− 𝑥𝑥→1+
table may vary.
 2.4 Application and Extension
1. Mr. Sullivan decides to start raising bunnies. On the right is the population of
these bunny rabbits over a 2-year period.
a. Graph the scatterplot with a “friendly” window
and record it here.

b. Find a logistic regression model for the data.

(Be patient, it will take the calculator a little
extra time to calculate this.) Write out the
logistic model below. Round all values to the
nearest thousandth (three decimal places).
𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕
𝑩𝑩(𝒕𝒕) =
𝟏𝟏 + 𝟔𝟔. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝒆𝒆−𝟎𝟎.𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
c. Find the limit of that model as time approaches infinity. Write it below using limit notation.
𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝑩𝑩(𝒕𝒕) = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕
𝒕𝒕→∞
d. How does your answer from part c relate to the problem?
The population of bunnies will max out at about 57.

e. Provide a reasonable explanation why a population would have a growth limit instead of
growing indefinitely like an exponential model.
Not enough food or possible predators.

For 2 – 3, sketch a graph of a function 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) that satisfies the stated conditions.
2. Sketch (freehand) a graph of a function 𝑓𝑓 that satisfies y

4
all of the following conditions. Include any
3
asymptotes.
2
1
a. lim f ( x) = ∞
x →0 Possible graph
x

−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5
b. lim f ( x) = ∞ −1
x →∞ −2
c. lim f ( x) = 2 −3
x → −∞
−4

3. Sketch (freehand) a graph of a function 𝑓𝑓 that satisfies y

4
all of the following conditions. Include any
3
asymptotes.
2

a. lim f ( x) = ∞
x → −∞
1
x

Possible graph −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5
b. lim f ( x) = ∞ −1
x→−3+
−2
c. lim f ( x) = −∞
x→−3−
−3

d. lim f ( x) = −1 −4
x→∞
     

Answer Key to Unit 2 Review 
1) Not a function because the input value of 4 has 2) Independent: number of Monster drinks.
two different output values of 0 and 3. Dependent: hours you stay awake.

3) a) 1 b) -4 c) 3 d) 0.8 or 5.2

4) With 20 liters of gas, you can drive 285 kilometers.

5) Not a function

6) Cosine; cos

7) Inc: ∞, 5 ∪ 4, ∞ 8) Domain: 5, 1 ∪ 0, ∞ ; 5 1 or
Dec: 5, 2 ∪ 1, 4 0
Const: 2, 1 Range: 0, 2 ∪ 3, ∞ ; 0 2 or 3

9) Nonremovable infinite discontinuity at  2. 
  Removable discontinuity at  1. 
 
10) a. 2  b.   1    c.  0    d. 3    e. Does not exist  f. Does not exist 
 
11)  HA:  VA:  12) Domain: 0 10 (It would be nearly
lim 3  lim ∞  impossible to study more than 10 hours on
→ →
lim 3  lim ∞  average per day.)
→ →

Range: 0 100

13)
x -1.1 -1.01 -1.001 -1 -0.999 -0.99 -0.9

f(x) 52 502 5002 Error -4998 -498 -48

HA:  VA: 
lim 2  lim ∞ 
→ →
lim 2  lim ∞ 
→ →
 
y
14) Possible graph: 





x

             





