Project Management

SENG 31232

Nabeel Rizwan
BSc (Hons) Software Engineering
Learning Outcomes
•Assess the differences between IT/IS projects and general projects
•Explain how to initiate, specify, and prioritize IT projects and to determine various aspects of
feasibility of these projects
•Describe the foundations of project management, including its definition, scope, and the need
for project management in the modern organization
•Describe different software development methodologies
•Describe the phases of the project management lifecycle
•Assess different issues that lead to project failures and address them
Introduction
•The Project Management Institute (PMI) reported that the number of jobs reached almost 66
million in 2017. By 2027, employers will need 87.7 million individuals working in project
management–oriented roles
•Organizations waste $97 million for every $1 billion spent on projects, according to PMI’s Pulse
of the Profession® report
•In 2017, the average annual salary (without bonuses) for someone in the project management
profession was $112,000 in the U.S. and $130,866 in Switzerland.
•The number of people earning their Project Management Professional (PMP) certification
continues to increase each year.
What is a Project?

A project is “a temporary endeavor undertaken to

create a unique product, service, or result”
(PMBOK® Guide, Sixth Edition, 2017)
What is a Project?
Unique Temporary Progressive Elaboration

Resources Uncertain Customer / Sponsor

What is a Project?
1. Unique - A project has a unique purpose. Every project should have a well-defined objective
2. Temporary - A project has a definite beginning and a definite end.
3. Progressive elaboration - Projects are often defined broadly when they begin, and as time
passes, the specific details of the project become clearer
4. Resources - Resources include people, hardware, software, and other assets.
5. Uncertain - Because every project is unique, it is sometimes difficult to define its objectives
clearly, estimate how long it will take to complete, or determine how much it will cost
6. Customer or Sponsor - The project sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for
the project
What is Project Management?

The application of knowledge, skills, tools and

techniques to project activities to meet project
requirements.
(PMBOK® Guide, Sixth Edition, 2017)
Advantages of Project Management
•Better control of financial, physical, and human resources
•Improved customer relations
•Shorter development times
•Lower costs and improved productivity
•Higher quality and increased reliability
•Higher profit margins
•Better internal coordination
•Positive impact on meeting strategic goals
•Higher worker morale
IT Projects : Examples
•A large network of healthcare providers updates its information systems and procedures to reduce
hospital acquired diseases.
•A team of students creates a smartphone application and sells it online.
•A company develops a driverless car.
•A college upgrades its technology infrastructure to provide wireless Internet access across the whole
campus as well as online access to all academic and student service information.
•A government group develops a system to track child immunizations.
•A global bank acquires other financial institutions and needs to consolidate systems and procedures.
•A television network implements a system to allow viewers to vote for contestants and provide other
feedback on programs via social media sites.
•A company develops a new system to increase sales force productivity and customer relationship
management that will work on various laptops, smartphones and tablets.Higher worker morale
The Triple Constraints
The Triple Constraints
Scope:
What work will be done as part of the project? What unique product, service, or result does the
customer or sponsor expect from the project? How will the scope be verified?

Time:
How long should it take to complete the project? What is the project s schedule? How will the
team track actual schedule performance? Who can approve changes to the schedule?

Cost:
What should it cost to complete the project? What is the project s budget? How will costs be
tracked? Who can authorize changes to the budget?
The Triple Constraints

Successful project management

means meeting all three goals
(scope, time, and cost)—and
satisfying the project’s sponsor!
Stakeholders
Stakeholders
•Stakeholders are those with an interest in your project’s outcome.
•They are typically the members of a project team, project managers, executives,
project sponsors, customers, and users.
•Stakeholders are people who will be affected by your project at any point in its
life cycle, and their input can directly impact the outcome.
•It’s essential to practice good stakeholder management and continuously
communicate to collaborate on the project.
Stakeholders
•Customers: The direct user of a product or service, often both internal and external to the
company executing the project
•Project manager: The project's leader
•Project team members: The group executing the project under the project manager's leadership
•Project sponsor: The project's financier
•Steering committee: An advisory group providing guidance on key decisions, which includes the
sponsor, executives, and key stakeholders from the organization
•Executives: The top management in the company executing the project; those who direct the
organization's strategy
•Resource managers: Other managers who control resources needed for executing the project
Process Groups
Used to divide project life cycles into various stages that allow for a better understanding of the
different tasks required at each step.
Project Management Knowledge Areas
1. Project Integration Management
2. Project Scope Management
3. Project Time Management
4. Project Cost Management
5. Project Quality Management
6. Project Resource Management
7. Project Communications Management
8. Project Risk Management
9. Project Procurement Management
10. Project Stakeholder Management
Project Management Knowledge Areas
Project Management Tools and Techniques
Project management tools and techniques assist project
managers and their teams in carrying out work in all nine
knowledge areas.
 Project Management Tools and Techniques
Integration Management
• Project management methodologies and plans
• Project management software
• Change requests and change control boards
• Project review meetings and lessons-learned reports

Scope Management
• Scope statements / Statements of Work (SOW)
• Work breakdown structures
• Requirements analyses
• Scope management plans, scope verification techniques and scope change controls
 Project Management Tools and Techniques
Time Management
• Gantt charts
• Critical path analysis

Cost Management
• Net Present Value (NPV)
• Return on Investment (ROI)
• Cost estimates and cost management plans
 Project Management Tools and Techniques
Quality Management
• Checklists
• Quality control charts

Resource Management
• Motivation techniques
• Empathic listening
• Team building exercises
 Project Management Tools and Techniques
Communications Management
• Kick-off meetings
• Conflict management
• Communications media selection
• Status and progress reports

Risk Management
• Risk Management Plans
• Risk Registers
• Lesson Learnt Registers
 Project Management Tools and Techniques
Procurement management
• Contracts
• Requests for proposals or quotes
• Supplier evaluation matrices
What helps projects succeed?
1. Executive support
2. User involvement
3. Experienced project manager
4. Clear business objectives
5. Minimized scope
6. Standard software infrastructure
7. Firm basic requirements
8. Formal methodology
9. Reliable estimates
10. Other criteria, such as small milestones, proper planning, competent staff, and ownership
What makes project fail?
1. Lack of Planning
2. Scope Crepe
3. Unrealistic Deadlines
4. Lack of Transparency
5. Lack of Communication
6. Unrealistic Expectations
7. Lack of Monitoring
8. Lack of Risk Management
9. Inadequate Stakeholder Management
10. Lack of user input/involvement and incomplete requirements
The role of the Project Manager

Software project managers are in charge of the planning, scheduling, budgeting,

executing and delivering of software and web projects within the correct time,
scope and cost.

They ensure the successful completion of all software projects and also oversee
the people performing work on the projects.
Skills of Project Managers
•Excellent communication skills
•Excellent planning skills
•Excellent budgeting skills
•Excellent conflict resolution skills
•Excellent leadership skills
•Excellent motivators
•Excellent management skills
•Excellent interpersonal skills
Online Quiz
Q&A