General vocabulary:

 Flush: to cleanse (something, especially a toilet) by causing large quantities of water to pass through it
 a muss: a confusion and disorderliness
 to be uptight: to be in a tense state
 a pimple: a small hard inflamed spot on the skin
 unobtrusive: to be unconspicuous, not attracting attention
 ludicrous: so foolish, unreasonable, or out of place as to be amusing or deserving to be laughed at
 Soot: black material found inside a chimney (mass noun, no article)
 Drab: dull; lacking color; cheerless
 Scant: less than the correct, legal or full amount; barely sufficient (adj.)
 Demise: the time when something stops existing; the death of a person
 Wont: an established custom; likely, accustomed (adj.)

 Harbinger: a sign of things to come, often used to describe something negative

 Inscrutable: difficult to understand or interpret, often used to describe people’s expressions or behavior
 Meticulous: very careful and precise, paying close attention to detail
 Nebulous: vague or unclear, often used to describe ideas or concepts
 Ostracize: to exclude someone from a group or society
 Quandary: a difficult situation or problem, often with no obvious solution
 Rancor: bitter, long-lasting resentment or hatred
 Sagacious: having good judgment or wisdom
 Tenacious: persistent, not easily giving up or letting go
 Ubiquitous: present, appearing, or found everywhere
 Vex: to annoy or frustrate someone
 Wistful: having a feeling of sadness or regret, often with a longing for something that can’t be obtained
 Zealot: a person who is fanatical or uncompromising in pursuit of their beliefs or goals
 Ostensible: seeming or appearing to be true, but not necessarily so
 Pedantic: overly concerned with minor details, often to the point of being annoying
 Recalcitrant: stubbornly resistant to authority or control
 Sanguine: optimistic, cheerful, and confident, often in the face of difficulty
 Tenuous: weak or fragile, often used to describe a connection or relationship
 Vacillate: to be indecisive, to waver back and forth between choices
 Wistful: yearning or longing, often for something that cannot be attained
 Zealous: enthusiastic and passionate, often to an extreme degree
 Rosy: prometedor
 Risqué: sexualmente ofensivo
 Deem: juzgar, considerarr
 Relish: disfrutar algo
 Cram: empollar
 Unflinching: inquebrantable
 Mourning: duelo (tristeza por alguien)
 Grudgingly: a regañadientes (sin ganas)
 Streamer: serpentina, cinta
 Tatters: harapos
 Rumination: reflexión
 Musing: contemplación, reflexión
 Adjectives:
 Prolix: verbose; long-winded (fastidioso, verboso)
 Capricious: changing one’s mind quickly and often
 Cogent: convincing or believable
 Equanimity: calmness and composure, especially in difficult situations
 Fastidious: very attentive to detail, often excessively so
 Gratuitous: unnecessary, without reason or cause
 Onerous: pesado, oneroso

 Nature
Plants
 bracken – helecho  Hedge – seto
 brambles – zarzas  thistle – cardo
 fern – helecho  toadstool – seta venenose
 grass – hierba/ césped  weed – mala hierba / coloquial para
 heather – brezo marihuana
 herb – planta aromática  wheat – trigo
 ivy – hiedra  wild flower – flor silvestre
 moss – musgo  Moss – musgo
 nettle – ortiga, urtica  Reed: junco
 shrub – arbusto

Parts of a plant
 berry – baya
 blossom – flor
 bud – Capullo
 Needles – agujas
 stalk – tallo/ tronco
 stem – tallo

Fruits, vegetables
 Acorn – bellota
 Caper - alcaparra

Flowers
 bluebell – campanilla
 buttercup – botón de oro
 carnation – clavel
 chrysanthemum – crisantemo
 crocus – azafrán
 daffodil – narciso
 dahlia – dalia
 daisy – margarita
 dandelion – diente de león
 foxglove – dedalera
 lily – lila
 pansy – pensamiento
 poppy – amapola
 primrose – onagra
 snowdrop – campanilla de invierno
 sunflower – girasol
 waterlily – nenúfar
 bouquet of flowers / flower bouquet –
ramo de flores

Types of trees
 alder – aliso  oak – roble
 ash – fresno  poplar – álamo, chopo
 beech – haya  Spruce – pícea
 birch – abedul  sycamore – sicómoro
 elm – olmo  weeping willow – sauce llorón
 fir – abeto  willow – sauce
 hazel – avellano  yew – tejo
 hawthorn – majuelo  chestnut tree – castaño
 holly – acebo  fig tree – Higuera
 lime – tilo  plum tree – ciruelo
 maple – arce
Vocabulary related to trees
 bark – corteza  trunk – tronco
 branch – rama  twig – ramita
 Carvings – tallas  evergreen – de hoja perenne
 pine cone – piña  coniferous – conífera
 sap – savia  deciduous – de hoja caduca
 tree stump /stump – tocón

Things/events that can be found in the countryside

 Mound: una pila (de piedras)  Lawn: césped, pasto
 Puddle: charco  Summit: cumbre
 Paddock: prado  Under the shoulder of: a los pies de
 Dew: rocío  Abloom: en flor
 Paling: estaca  Bloom: flor, floración
 Grouth: arreste (lleno de maleza por falta  Shovel: pala
de cultivo)  Sow: plantar semillas
 Beam: haz, rayo  Mow: Cortar el césped, segar
 Die down, abate: amainar  Lawnmower: podadora
 Narrow: angosto  Rake: rastrillo
 Gully: cañada  Shear: esquilar, tijeras de podar
 Meadow: dehesa  Pail: cubo
 Slope: ladera  Marsh: pantano, ciénaga
 Clay: arcilla  Bedrock: cimientos
 Gust: ráfaga  Hot spring: fuente termal
 Shrine: santuario  Moonglade: reflejo de luna
 Shimmer: brillar con resplandor  Escarpment: escarpe (vertiente de roca
 Sheer: auténtico, puro, vertical que corta el terreno abruptamente)
Adjectives to describe nature:
 Smothered: apagado, ahogado,  Filmy: fino, transparente
extinguido  Fan-shaped: en forma de abanico
 Ferny/Lush: frondoso  Grassy: herboso
 Drenched: empapado, inundado  Hilly: montañoso
 Bowed: inclinado, encorvado  Rolly: ondulante
 Woolly: lanudo, de lana  Pristine: inmaculado
 Frieze: fresco, friso  Stifling: sofocante
 Lavish: abundante, impresionante  Crispy: fresco
 Off-putting: desagradable, no atractivo  Still: sin viento
 Laden: cargado, cubierto  Overcast: nublado, cielo cubierto
 Overrun: invadido, abarrotado
 Collective nouns and animal sounds
Collective nouns
A herd Cattle/buffalos/caribous/elephants/zebras/goats A flight Of birds
A flock Of sheep / goats A leap Of leopards
A team Of horses A tower Of giraffes
A nest / Of bees / ants An ambush Of tigers
Swarm
An army / Of ants A caravan Of camels
colony
A troop Of monkeys / foxes A sloth Of bears
A kennel Of dogs A pack Of wolves
A clowder Of cats A shoal Of whales
A litter Of puppies/kittens An army, Of frogs
colony
A school Of fish A pride Of lions

Animal sounds
Meow A cat Bleat A sheep / goat
Purr Baa
Bark A dog / fox Squeak A mouse / hamster
Neigh A horse Trumpet An elephant
Cluck A chicken Howl A wolf
Crow
Cock-a- A cock Tweet A bird
doodle-doo Chirp
Croack A frog Roar A lion / tiger / bear
Quack A duck

Body movements:
 Soar: elevarse rápidamente
 Roll: rodar
 Revolve: girar en torno a
 Whirl: girar, dar vueltas
 Plunge: zambullirse
 Tremble: temblar
 Shiver: tiritar
 Twitch: retorcerse
 Stretch: estirarse
Verbs of movement
 to rise very quickly to a high level
 move somewhere by turning over and over or from side to side
 to move or cause something to move around a central point or line
 turning around in circles or something that turns around in circle
 move or fall suddenly and often a long way forward, down, or into sth
 to shake slightly in a way that you cannot control
 to shake slightly because you feel cold, ill, or frightened
 to make a sudden movement with a part of the body without intending to
 to cause sth to reach, often as far as possible, in a particular direction

Movements involving your hands:

 Fumble: hurgar  to do something awkwardly, especially when using your hand
 Clutch: agarrar con fuerza  to take or try to take hold of sth tightly, usually in fear, worry, or pain
 Grasp/grab/snatch: agarrar  to quickly take sth in your hand(s) and hold it firmly
 Clench: apretar  to close or hold sth very tightly, often in a determined or angry way
 Cuddle: abrazar  to put your arms around someone and hold them in a loving way
 Scramble: trepar (↗)  to move quickly, especially with difficulty, using your hands to
help you
 Crawl: gatear ()  on hands and knees or with your body stretched out along a surface
 Nudge: codazo, empujón  to push against gently, especially to gain attention or give a signal

Movements involving legs/feet:

 Tip Toe: de puntillas
 Slip: resbalarse
 Skid: patinar, derrapar
 Stagger: tambalearse
 Crouch: agacharse
 Lean: inclinarse, apoyarse
 Leap: salto, brinco
 Limp: cojear
 to walk quietly on your toes
 To slide accidentally that you lose your balance or fall over
 To slide sideways or forwards in an uncontrolled way
 Walk or move unsteadily, as if about to fall
 To bend your knees and lower yourself close to the ground
 to move the top part of the body in a specific direction
 to make a large jump or sudden movement, from one place to another
 to walk slowly and with difficulty because an injured or painful leg or foot.

Fast movements:
 Hurtle: ir como un rayo  to move very fast, especially in a way that seems dangerous
 Dash: correr  To do or carry out in a hurry
 Stride: zancadas  Walk with long decisive steps in a specified direction
 Whiz/Zoom/Whoosh: pasar zumbando  To move or do something very fast
 Patter: corretear, golpetear  make the sound of a lot of things gently and repeatedly hitting a surface
 Jostle: atropellar  to knock or push roughly against sb in order to move past them
 Swarm: entre gente  moving around a large group
 Bundle: atar, liar  Push or put someone or something somewhere quickly and roughly
Slow or relax movements:
 Trudge: caminar fatigado
 Linger: tardar en irse
 Saunter: pasear, caminata
 Pad: caminar suavemente
 Stroll: dar una vuelta
 Amble: caminar sin prisa
 Mooch: deambular
 Ramble: vagar, deambular
 Slink: escabullirse
 Hike: hacer senderismo
 Trundle: rodar (rueda)
 To walk slowly and heavily, as though with great effort
 Leave slowly and hesitantly
 To walk in a slow and relax way
 Walk with quiet light regular steps)
 Walk in a slow, relaxed way
 To walk slowly
 to walk or do things slowly and without much purpose
 Wander aimlessly (physically or mentally)
 to move somewhere very quietly/slowly so that people will not notice you
 Walk long distances in the country
 To move or roll somewhere slowly and noisily on wheels
 Verbs/nouns expressing sounds
Sounds made by the voice:
 Boo: abuchear  A sound that people make to show that they do not like an actor, speaker, etc.
 Yell: chillar  To shout loudly, for example because you are angry, excited, frightened or in pain
 Cheer: vitorear  To shout loudly, in order to show support for somebod
 Moan: gemir  To make a long deep sound, usually because you are unhappy or suffering or are
experiencing sexual pleasure
 Howl: aullar  To make a long, loud call when you are angry, in pain, extremely funny, etc.
 Whine: lloriquear  To complain in an annoying, crying voice
 Whimper: sollozar  To make low, weak crying noises; to speak in this way
 Growl: gruñir  To say something in a low angry voice
 Wallow: maldecir  To stay in a negative emotional state

Sounds related to breathing:

 Gasp: bocanada  To take a quick deep breath with your mouth open
 Snort: resoplar  To make a loud sound by breathing air out noisily through your nose
 Snore: roncar  To breathe noisily through your nose and mouth while you are asleep
 Blare: atronar  To scream, but also used when we want to refer to a very loud noise happening in
the background.

Ways of speaking:
 Hiss: sesear  To make a sound like a long ‘s’
 Lisp: cecear  To speak with /th/ sounds instead of /s/ sounds
 Hum (1): titubear To make a low continuous sound, when you take a long time deciding what to say
 Hum (2): tararear  To sing a tune with your lips closed
 Ramble: divagar  To talk about somebody/something in a confused way, especially for a long time
 Babble: balbucear To talk quickly, in a way difficult to understand
 Stammer: tartam. To speak with pauses and repeating the same sound or syllable
 Twitter: parlotear  To talk quickly in a high excited voice, especially about sth unimportant.

Sounds made by objects:

 Whirr: zumbar To make a continuous low sound like the parts of a machine moving.
 Screech: chirriar  To make a loud high unpleasant sound; to say something using this sound
 Squeak: chirriar  To make a short high sound that is not very loud.
 Whistle: silbdo  The sound made by blowing a whistle
 Crash: chocar  A sudden loud noise made, for example, by something falling or breaking
 Clatter: retumbar  If hard objects clatter, they knock together and make a loud noise
 Clank: ruido metálico  To make a short loud sound like that of metal objects hitting each other
 Clink: tintinear  To cause sth to make a sharp ringing sound, like that of glasses being hit
 Tinkle: campanilleo  A light, high ringing sound.
 Rattle: traquetear  to make a series of short loud sounds when shaking.

Sounds made by the air:

 Rustle: crujido  It makes a sound like paper, leaves, etc. moving or rubbing together.
 Swish: rumor  To move quickly through the air in a way that makes a soft sound; to make
something do this (associated with curtains, long dresses, etc.)
Sounds made by food:
 Grind: moler, triturar  to break or press sth into very small pieces between using a special machine
 Sizzle: chisporrotear  the sound of food frying in hot oil
 Pop: pum  A short, sharp, explosive sound
 Splash: salpicar  (of liquid): to fall noisily onto a surface
 Squish: chapotear  to make a soft squelching sound when walked on or in
 Seep: filtrarse  (of a liquid) flow or leak slowly through porous material or small holes
 Soak up: absorber  If a dry material or substance soaks up a liquid, it absorbs it through its surface

Ways of laughing:
 Guffaw: carcajadas  To laugh very loudly and noisily
 Chuckle: risita  To laugh quietly, especially in a private or secret way.
 Grin: sonreír  To smile widely, showing your teeth.
 Titter: risa nerviosa  To laugh quietly, especially in a nervous or embarrassed way
 Deride: mofarse  to express contempt for, to ridicule
 Snigger: con disimulo  To laugh in a quiet unpleasant way, especially at something rude or at
somebody’s problems or mistakes
 Smirk: sonrisita To smile in a silly or unpleasant way because something bad has happened to
someone else, or because you think you have achieved an advantage over them

Snigger and smirk are both insulting/offensive. The difference lies in the fact that snigger is to
laugh, whereas smirk is just to smile.

Verbs related to hitting and breaking:

 Bang: golpear  To hit something in a way that makes a loud noise
 Thud: golpe seco  A sound like the one that is made when a heavy object hits something else.
 Bump: ahostiarse to hurt part of your body by hitting it against something hard
 Bash: porrazo  to hit hard
 Slap: abofetear  a quick hit with the flat part of the hand or other flat object
 Pound: aporrear  to hit or beat repeatedly with a lot of force, or to crush sth by hitting it repeatedly
 whack: trancazo  to hit someone or something noisily
 Shove: empujar  to push someone or something forcefully
 Kick: patada  to hit sb or sth with the foot, or to move the feet and legs suddenly and violently:
 Crack: agrietar  to break sth so that it does not separate, but very thin lines appear on its surface
 Shatter: hacer añicos to (cause something to) break suddenly into very small pieces
 Snap: partir, romper  to cause sth that is thin to break suddenly and quickly with a cracking sound
 Flick: hojear  to move or hit something with a short sudden movement
 Throb: punzada  If a part of your body throbs, you feel pain in it in a series of regular beats
 Verbs of seeing
 Discern: discernir  to see or hear something, usually with difficulty
 Drink in: empaparse de  to look at or listen to something with great interest and pleasure
 Gaze: contemplar  to look steadily at sb/sth for a long time, either because you are very
interested or surprised, or because you are thinking of something else
 Glance: vistazo  to look quickly at sb/sth
 Glare at: mirar con furia  To look at somebody/something in an angry way
 Glimpse: entrever  A sight for short time, when you don’t see the person or thing completely
 Squint: entrecerrar los ojos  to partly close your eyes in order to see more clearly
 Peek: espiar  A quick and secret look at something that you should not be looking at
 Peep: miradita  To look quickly and secretly at something, especially through a small
opening
 Peer: mirar de cerca  To look carefully or with difficulty
 Stare: mirar fijo  to look for a long time with the eyes wide open, especially when
surprised, frightened, or thinking
Words related to people
Feelings:
 Gloom: tristeza
 Weary: cansado
 Limp: débil
 Scowling: ceñudo (mirada agresiva)
 Bereaved: afligido (que está en duelo)
 Sore: irritado, doloroso

Physical state:
 Fluffy: suave, peludo
 Pared off: pelado
 Glitzy: ostentoso, pomposo
 Lean: magro, esbelto
 Speckled: manchado
 Deftly: con destreza, habilidad
 Quaint: atractivo, inusual, o old-fashioned
 Harrowing: desgarrador, horroroso
 Barren: estérico, infértil, vacío
 Decked: adornado
 Cogent: creíble