Production of Selected Field Crops Using

Organic Wastes and Pesticides

By:

Ivy Joy U. Bebanot

Marieta Garcia

Instructor

San Juan, ASTS CLSU Science City of Munoz

Nueva Ecija

December 2022
Introduction

Organic waste emissions have increased as a result of the continuous

growth of the population and the resulting increased use of resources (Odlare,

2011). In line with this, the project in the AFA 2100 Crop Production Laboratory

course is planned and has been carried out as a project in which wastes such as

residue and compost are used as essential ingredients in the production of field

crops.

An important factor in field crops is the site, water, and soil. It is

important to find the best location for the production wherein, a good source of

sun and water is present. However, the best soil for production to ensure its

optimum growth is rich, sandy loam. Thus, using organic waste such as biogas

residue and compost can be a valuable fertilizer for crop soils.

When organic waste is used in production, there are several advantages

for both the plants and the costs of production. Organic waste is a useful

fertilizer that can improve soil structure and water-holding capacity, which lowers

the cost of production since we didn't have to purchase compost soil; instead, we

just hauled soil from the school's previous garbage dump. The soil we

transported there is suitable for planting crops because it is organic, and

contains organic waste, worms, and worm excrement. According to the review of

Organic Farming for Sustainable Agriculture in Northern India in 2013, Organic

farming can provide quality food without adversely affecting the soil’s health and

the environment.

Moreover, as part of the project that is being conducted, I and my co-

students planted different leafy vegetables such as pechay ( Brassica rapa),

mustard (Brassica juncea), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), and different varieties of

sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) such as kinerots and ube, using the soil from

organic wastes and nourishing it with organic pesticides (e.g. kakawate, ripe

banana) and fish amino acid as organic fertilizer. The project started on

September 05, 2022 (the start of the semester) and will end on December 16,

2022 (the end of the semester).

Review of Literature

The study by Ogbonna D., et al. (2012) found that using composted

organic material as a fertilizer source on the ground not only gives plants vital

nutrients but also enhances soil quality and efficiently eliminates soil waste. Their

study's findings demonstrated that adding organic waste compost to soil

improved its physical characteristics and raised the amount of nitrogen,

phosphorus, potassium, and several micronutrients including zinc, iron, and

copper

From the review article, "Effect of Different Organic Wastes on Soil

Properties and Plant Growth and Yield" by M.Z. Hossain, et al. (2017) argue that
the use of organic wastes in agriculture plays a great role in recycling essential

plant nutrients, sustaining soil security, and protecting the environment from

unwanted hazards.

According to the study of Vivek Saini, et al. (2017) composting is the best

method to reduce or recycle Municipal Waste and helps in the agricultural field

where the compost is useful for growing crops and vegetables with the help of

compost, and it also increases employment.

According to the study of M.H. Golabi, et al. (2004) Composting can be a

viable approach for creating efficient plant nutrient management methods in

various circumstances for sustainable agricultural systems within small-scale

farming in the Pacific Islands. Under the natural circumstances of the Pacific

islands, the use of plant and soil diagnostics can be easily accommodated into an

agricultural system that uses composting organic material as the main source for

a soil fertility program.

Significant of the Study

The project will investigate the efficacy of using organic wastes and

organic pesticides for the selected field crop, as well as the factors that must be

considered when using organic wastes and pesticides as input materials in the

field crop. 

The result of the project will be of great benefit to the following:

The participants – The project has a great influence on the learning of

participants in the proper use of organic waste for crops and gaining knowledge

to create and apply an organic pesticide.

The students – The project will provide students with knowledge about using

organic waste and pesticides, as well as how to convert organic waste emissions

into usable input for production. 

Future researcher – The data from the project can be used by a future

researcher as resource data with regard to organic waste and pesticides.

Teacher – this project will help the teacher in improving the outcome of the

next project that they are soon to conduct.

Objectives of the Project

General Objective

 To build a profitable production utilizing inexpensive methods.

Specific Objective

 To use organic waste as soil and apply an organic pesticide using organic

materials.

 To generate a positive return of investment

Location of the Project

The project is conducted at San Juan, CLSU Agricultural Science and

Technology School, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija.

Methodology

This portion of the report entails how the project is conducted, the step-by-

step procedure that has been executed, and the major activities that have been

implemented.
 We started the project with the orientation with our professor. During the

planning phase, we decided to use organic waste instead of purchasing compost

soil to reduce production costs. Instead, to grow the seeds, seedlings, and

plants, we managed to gather soil from organic waste.

After the planning phase, we immediately start to clean the area where the

project will be executed. The project began with the removal of large to small

weeds from the surroundings. After removing all the grass and cleaning the area,

we prepared the land, found the seeds, and started planting.

Major Activities of the Project

Land Preparation Hauling and plowing the land.

Selection of seed to be
Pechay, Mustard, Lettuce, and Sweet Potatoes
planted

The lettuce, mustard, and pechay seeds were

Planting and
cultivated before being transplanted to the hauled-
Transplanting
over and prepared soil.

The project also uses urea as an inorganic fertilizer

Application of fertilizer and attempts to use fish amino acids, ripe bananas,

and pest management and kakawate as organic pesticides and fertilizers in

addition to the soil we collected from organic waste.

Watering With the plenty of water, we use in our plant, the

watering schedule of the plant is every Monday,

 Wednesday, and Friday.

We harvest sweet potatoes by selective harvesting

of their sprouts while pechay and mustard are

Harvesting harvested through total harvest. We harvest the

sprout of the leaves every week and sometimes we

harvest it every other day.

Harvested vegetables are sold by the teachers,

Marketing of the Product students, and other citizens who live near the

school.

Results

The project was carried out for only four months, which is the reason why

we are not able to harvest the fruit of our sweet potatoes (white ube, kinerots)

and mustards. Pechay, lettuce, and the leaves of the sweet potato are the

vegetables we only harvested in the conducted project. Despite this situation,

the overall result of the project is good enough and resulted in a good yield

wherein, half of the input cost spent on production was recovered in sales.

In the totality of the project, it appears that even in a short period you

can gain a profit that is half of what you invested. Assumingly, if we have more

two months to continue the project, we can get a high value of return on
investment because of the expected yield of mustard and fruit of sweet potatoes.

Therefore, this project entails that using organic waste can result in more

profitable but budget-friendly production.

In every production, there is always a chance to have a pest, but the use

of organic pesticides such as kakawate, ripe banana, and fish amino acids can

help the plants to get rid of pests. Therefore, the use of organic waste is

effective for plants and the overall production of the field.

Documentation
References

Yadav, S. K., Dabu, S., Yadav, M. K., Singh, K., Yadav, G. S., & Pal, S. (2013). A

Review of Organic Farming for Sustainable Agriculture in Northern India.

Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Agronomy. Retrieved

December 9, 2022, from

https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ija/2013/718145.pdf
Saini, V., Gupta, S., Verma, R., & Singh, B. (2017). A Review Study on Municipal

Organic Waste Composting. IRJET. Retrieved December 9, 2022, from

https://www.irjet.net/archives/V4/i4/IRJET-V4I4327.pdf

Golabi, M., Denney, M. J., & Iyekar, C. (2004). Use of composted organic wastes as

alternative to synthetic fertilizers for enhancing crop productivity and agricultural

sustainability on the tropical island of guam. . ISCO. Retrieved December 9, 2022,

from https://www.tucson.ars.ag.gov/isco/isco13/PAPERS%20F-L/GOLABI.pdf

Estimated Project

This part of the project is the detailed breakdown of its budget with the

financial work plan and where did the budget acquire.

Unit Gross

Particular Quantity Cost Income Expenses Net/Profit

Sweet 10 tali Php Php Php Php 20.00

 Potato
20.00 220.00 200.00
(white)

Sweet

Potato Php Php Php

10 tali Php 20.00
(violet/ 20.00 220.00 200.00

ube)

Sweet
Php Php Php
Potato 5 tali Php 20.00
20.00 120.00 100.00
(kinerots)

Lettuce 1 sachet Php

60.00 Php Php

Php 130.00
Php 240.00 110.00

Fertilizer 1kg 50.00

Petchay
Php Php
and 8 packs Php 80.00 Php 110.00
10.00 190.00
Mustasa

Total: Php Php 300.00

 690.00

Expenses and Gross Income

The budget for the project is prepared and acquired by BTLED 2-1 AFA.

All project expenses were paid for by the combined efforts of myself and my co-

students, totaling PHP 690.00. The allocated budget for sweet potatoes is PHP

500.00, resulting in a total of PHP 560.00 in gross income; the allocated budget

for lettuce is PHP 60.00, resulting in a total of PHP 240.00 in gross income; and

the allocated budget for pechay and mustard is PHP 10.00, resulting in a total of

PHP 190.00 in gross income.

CLSU_CEd_BTLED AFA 2100 LAB. First SY 2022-2023

RECORD KEEPING SHEETS

NAME: Ivy Joy U. Bebanot

YEAR LEVEL: BTLED 2 AFA

SUBJECT: BTLED 2100- Crop Production- Laboratory

 ACTIVITY RECORD

DATE ACTIVITY DONE BY REMARKS

First orientation,

we cleaned, cut,

and take off all the Ivy Joy Bebanot

Sept. 05, 2022 Done
tall grass in the and classmates

plant box and in

the nursery.

Weeding,

cleaning, land
Ivy Joy Bebanot
Sept 19, 2022 cultivation, and Done
and classmates
meeting about

what seed to buy.

Sept 23, 2022 Cleaning the Ivy Joy Bebanot Done

nursery, arranging and classmates

seed trays,

hauling soil from

organic waste,

placing the

gathered soil in

the tray, seed

 planting (pechay)

Buying sweet

potato leaves, and

the seed of

lettuce,

transferring the Ivy Joy Bebanot

Oct 10, 2022 Done
seedlings of and classmates

pechay, weeding,

planting of sweet

potato, and

watering it.

Land plowing, and

planting of the
Ivy Joy Bebanot
Oct 12, 2022 seedings of Done
and classmates
pechay, and stem

of sweet potato

Oct 17, 2022 Land cultivation, Ivy Joy Bebanot Done

planting of ube and classmates

sweet potato and

kinerots,

transferring of

pechay to the
 cultivated soil,

planting the seeds

of lettuce, then

going to CLSU to

buy more ube

sweet potato, then

watering of all

planted plants.

Making of Ivy Joy Bebanot

Oct. 24, 2022 Done
signboard and classmates

Making of

kakawate
Ivy Joy Bebanot
Oct. 26, 2022 pesticides ang Done
and classmates
applying it to the

plants

Harvesting and

marketing,

applying Ivy Joy Bebanot

Nov. 07, 2022 Done
pesticides, and classmates

fertilizer and

watering the plant

Nov 9, 2022 Watering, Ivy Joy Bebanot Done

 cleaning, and

transferring the
and classmates
seedling of lettuce

to the styro.

Harvesting of

pechay,

transferring of
Ivy Joy Bebanot
Nov. 10, 2022 lettuce, watering Done
and classmates
the plant and

marketing the

pechay.

Transferring
Ivy Joy Bebanot
Nov. 13, 2022 lettuce, and Done
and classmates
watering the plant.

Planting mustard

seed, removing

leftover pechay in

Nov. 14, 2022 the soil, land Ivy Joy Bebanot Done

cultivation,

weeding, and

watering

Nov. 15, 2022 Weeding and Ivy Joy Bebanot Done

 watering and classmates

Harvesting,

watering, and Ivy Joy Bebanot

Nov. 16, 2022 Done
marketing of and classmates

talbos

Planting mustard

seedlings,
Ivy Joy Bebanot
Nov. 24, 2022 watering, Done
and classmates
harvesting sweet

potato leaves

Watering, land

cultivating,

planting of

mustard
Ivy Joy Bebanot
Nov. 28, 2022 seedlings, Done
and classmates
harvesting and

marketing of

lettuce and sweet

potato leaves.

Dec 05, 2022 Watering, Ivy Joy Bebanot Done

harvesting, and classmates

applying fertilizer
 and pesticides

Activity- actions taken by an individual to achieve their goals.

Done by- someone who is responsible for the project of the activity.

Remarks- express as an observation or comment (e.g., clean dikes done)

CLSU_CEd_BTLED AFA 2100 LAB. First SY 2022-2023

RECORD KEEPING SHEETS

NAME: Ivy Joy U. Bebanot

YEAR LEVEL: BTLED 2 AFA

SUBJECT: BTLED 2100- Crop Production- Laboratory

SALES RECORD

UNIT
DATE PARTICULARS QUANTITY AMOUNT REMARKS
PRICE

11/07/2022 Sweet Potato 13 pcs. Php 10.00 Php 130.00 Purchased

11/10/2022 Petchay 19 pcs. Php 10.00 Php 190.00 Purchased

11/16/2022 Sweet Potato 16 pcs. Php 15.00 Php 240.00 Purchased

11/28/2022 Sweet Potato 12 pcs. Php 10.00 Php 120.00 Purchased

12/05/2022 Lettuce 8 pcs. Php 30.00 Php 240.00 Purchased

12/05/2022 Sweet Potato 7 pcs. Php 10.00 Php 70.00 Purchased

Total: Php 990.00

1. Date- the date of the receipt of the item purchased.

2. Particulars- specific item or detail of information you purchased.

3. Quantity- number of the item you purchased.

4. Unit Price- the price for a single unit of measure of a product sol (e.g.,

P10/kg).

5. Amount- the quantity of value when added together.

6. Remarks- expresses as an observation or comment (e.g.,

donated/purchased).
 CLSU_CEd_BTLED AFA 2100 LAB. First SY 2022-2023

RECORD KEEPING SHEETS

NAME: Ivy Joy U. Bebanot

YEAR LEVEL: BTLED 2 AFA

SUBJECT: BTLED 2100- Crop Production- Laboratory

EXPENSE RECORD

UNIT GROSS
DATE PARTICULAR QUANTITY EXPENSES NET/PROFIT REMARKS
COST INCOME

10/10/ Sweet Potato Php Php Php 20.00 Purchased

10 tali Php 200.00
2022 (white) 20.00 220.00
10/12/ Sweet Potato Php Php Php 20.00 Purchased
10 tali Php 200.00
2022 (violet/ube) 20.00 220.00

10/17/ Sweet Potato Php Php Php 20.00 Purchased

5 tali Php 100.00
2022 (kinerots) 20.00 120.00

10/24/ Lettuce 1 sachet Php

2022 60.00 Php Php

Php 110.00 Purchased
10/24/ Php 240.00 130.00
Fertilizer 1kg
2022 50.00

09/23/ Petchay and Php Php Php Purchased

8 packs Php 80.00
2022 Mustasa 10.00 190.00 110.00

Php Php
Total:
690.00 300.00

Date- the date of the receipt of the item you purchased.

Particulars- specific items or detail of information you purchased.

Quantity- number of the item you purchased.

Unit Cost- the cost of the item you purchased.

Gross Income- the sum of all profit’s gains from your project.

Expenses- the cost or money spent on something you purchased.

Net Income/Profit- a financial gain, the difference between gross income and

the expenses.

Remarks- express as an observation or comment (e.g., donated/purchased).