Op-amp characteristics

Ideal op amps

An equivalent circuit of an operational amplifier that models some resistive non-

ideal parameters.
An ideal op amp is usually considered to have the following characteristics:[4][5]
[6]

Infinite open-loop gain G = vout / vin

Infinite input impedance Rin, and so zero input current
Zero input offset voltage
Infinite output voltage range
Infinite bandwidth with zero phase shift and infinite slew rate
Zero output impedance Rout, and so infinite output current range
Zero noise
Infinite common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR)
Infinite power supply rejection ratio.
These ideals can be summarized by the two golden rules:

In a closed loop the output does whatever is necessary to make the voltage
difference between the inputs zero.
The inputs draw zero current.[7]: 
177 
The first rule only applies in the usual case where the op amp is used in a closed-
loop design (negative feedback, where there is a signal path of some sort feeding
back from the output to the inverting input). These rules are commonly used as a
good first approximation for analyzing or designing op-amp circuits.[7]: 
177 

None of these ideals can be perfectly realized. A real op amp may be modeled with
non-infinite or non-zero parameters using equivalent resistors and capacitors in
the op-amp model. The designer can then include these effects into the overall
performance of the final circuit. Some parameters may turn out to have negligible
effect on the final design while others represent actual limitations of the final
performance.