Policies on Agrarian Reform

□ centered on the relationship between

production and the distribution of land
among farmers.
□ Also focused on the political and economic
class character of relations of production
and distribution In farming and related
enterprises and ho\V these connects to the
wider class structure.
Landownership in the Philippines Under Spain

•c.~ .

'"'-
~~ · e : . .. • , . # - .
 □ The hacienda system developed fn the
beginning of the 19th century
------------- -
□ The economy was tied to the world market
as the Philippines became an exporter of raw
materials and importer of goods.
D in the 1860s, Spain enacted a law ordering
landholders to register their landholdings
□ Many peasant families who were "assigned"
to the land in the earlier days of colonization
were driven out or forced.
0 Revolts v,ere often agrarian in nature.

-
-

.
- - - ~ - - - - ..............~ ,._ - ..-~-· ......----.
-

. .
., - .... ~ . --~ ......, . . . .
' . .
 landownership Under the Americans
] Passed s~\ erat \1nd pol,c,es to increase the sn1all
la . . ~holders a~d d,stnbute o\vnersh1p to a b,gger number
of F, ~JnO tenants and iarmers.
_1Ph hpp1•0 8 11 of 1902
1 1

~rov:d~d fti.!Jttons for the d,~posa\ of pubhc land_s

.. A ~rt\ ate ind \ .~ual may o~Yn 16 hectares of land ,vhHe
,crperate fandho!dcrs fllay have l , 024 hectares.
- Ar;ncans \vere also given nghts to 0\'1n agricultural
'a"ds
 lando\'lnersh,p Under the Americans
QThere ,vas no limit to the size of tandho\d1ngs people
t1luld possess and the accessibility to possession was
lit't~ed to those \vho could buy, reglster, and acquire
filed ~roperty titles.

asome Jana\ \vere sold or leased to Amencan and

ii11p1no bu~nt\S,nterest

Otm~~mented with oo support mechanism

□ Manv \Vere forted to return to tenancy

□ P~asants found refuge from millenarian movements
 Lando\vnership Under the Americans

J?res:dent Quezon laid down a SOCI.AL

JUSTICE PROGRAr-~ focused on the purchase
of the h3c1endas
□Nat,ona' Rice and Corn Corporation (NARIC)
Jcourt of lndustnaf Relations
Jt~at·onaf tand Settlement Administration
{r~LS~)
 Post~War Interventions toward Agrarian Reform
J ~c ~ ~.) ra, :noi ~r~, Roia\ pltsed AA no l.S , estJbhshtng a 70.
11

3--1 Y\~n-g a1 r,~iem, ·t ~t\\etr tfnln t 2nd the lJt1d 1ord

J ~K 0~ nno eiub a\.,.~j the ur.d Sfttlement Oe\elopMent
( o rp.._"f .. bt:-;"\ ,v\S(O:CO) to acc~•crate ~,d elpard the p,og,ar, for
f'<?J; J ... ~

J ?res. F.l- . . ~ ~•lsSl\~V ~;•,menred RA No 1199 (Ag,t{u\tural

T,."\Jncy A~\
p;OltC\L ..i tt e tenu~\ r~hlS of tenlrts and
e"'Jorced teNl'",cy proctlces

C.O-w'rt of ;~(,(t;J •urt- RefJt1c·\\ \'las cr~Jted ,n 19SS

Agntuh ... rJI Cted t and Cooperat1,~ f ir .)-cmg

;..; ~ I'!'riUor, (AC CfA) \\JS a:so created. t\l pro .. d~
r ~ c~,:1.._~ fao lt ti and J SS 1Sl 'Jrmers tn m:u' ~ltng th~,,
 RANo. 3844 (Agricultural Land Reform Code)
• Sect,on 2, Oeclarat,on of Policy.

{1)lo e.stab\,sh O\Yn~r-cult,vatorsh,p and the economic

famtr·;.s1ze farm as the basis of Philippine agriculture
and, as aconsequence, divert landlord capital in
agncu/turt to mdustna\ development.
{l\1o achieve a dign fled existence for the small farmers
free horn pernicious \t\~titutional restraints and
practice!>,
(3}To c1 eate a trulv via ble soc,aJand econom\c structure
1

n agnculture conducive to greater productiv1tv and

higher farm income.
 RA No. 3844 (Agricultural Land Reform Code)

{~) To supply all l·abor la\~-S equally and \vithout·

drsU1mination ·to both lndustr,al and
agncultural wage earners;

{SJ To ~rovrde a more vi6orous and systematic

land re~ttltment program and pubhc. land
t !tnbur.on, 2nd

i6J 1o Ma~~ the sm3\) tormers more

rndependent, ~\l-fe\,ant and respons,h\e
o:rzi? f\S, and a source of genu·ne streflgth 1n
o·.Jr dfn ccraHc sc~i2ty.
 Agrarian Refarm Efforts under Marcos

□ RA No. 6389 ( Code of Agrarian

Reform}
f
- Created the Department of
•
Agranan Reform
• Renamed later as Ministry of
Agrarian Reform
 Agrarian Reform Efforts under Marcos

□ ~r:es,dent,al Decree No. 27 (O(tober

1912)
- Enabled tenanted lands devoted
to nee and corn to pass ownership to f
~nants ar:d fo\11ered the celling for -
la~1nold,ng to 7hectares.
.. Opera c,on land Transfer
 f

□ ~1asagana 99 Rice Production Program

□ Green Revolut,on and miracle rice
OA.,n1ed to ,ncrease nee production among
f, p,no farmers
□Ab e to borrow from banks and purt~ase
1

three-t~tare plots of lands and

agr,culturat tnputs.
~Or ty c/ie nee lands \vere focus of
?i,"n1n reform~ fand \Vorked by wage
f; ~r vr;:re also exempt (rom the
program;
□ La, ndfessr,ess ,ncreas~d

c:!> C 5Cs t t C
 Post-Agrarian Reform
DO\~rthro\v of Marcos and the 1937 Constitution resulted in a
rene\\~ interest and attentionto agrarian reform.

□ Re~ Jblic Act No. 6657 or the ComprehensiveAgrarian Reform

l3" \C.~Rl} under Pres. Corazon Aquino
• tn~oduced the pro6ram CARP
-or~ ,ccomplished 22 5%of land distribution 1n6
yea~

□ vn,~er Ramos, th, OAR distnbuted only 58.25%of the totaf

area tdr&it to be co, ere.d by the program.
1

AA tJo. 8532 ,n 1998 amended the CARLand extend

#

t~e prograrn to another ten }'ear~.