ABE41 Topic05 Milling

ABE 41
Agricultural and Biosystems Products

Processing and Storage
Topic 5
Milling
7 Milling of Rice and Wheat
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7.1 INTRODUCTION
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7.2 RICE MILLING

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7.3 TRADITIONAL METHODS

7.3.1 HOME POUNDING
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163
164 Agro-Product Processing Technology
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7.3.2 HULLER MILLS

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7.3.3 SHELLER MILLS

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CFUXFFO UIF UXP EJTLT SFNPWFT UIF IVMM GSPN UIF SJDF LFSOFMT 5he EFHSFF PG QSPDFTT BOE IVTL
SFNPWBMJTDPOUSPMMFECZBEKVTUNFOUPGUIFWFSUJDBMDMFBSBODFCFUXFFOUIFUXPEJTLT
7.3.4 RUBBER ROLL SHELLER MILLS

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Milling of Rice and Wheat 165
FIGURE 7.1 %FIVTLJOHQSJODJQMFPGSVCCFSSPMMNJMMT
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7.4 THE MODERN RICE MILLING PROCESS

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5BCMe 7
TABLE 7.1
Major Unit Operations in a Modern Rice Mill at Glance
Operation Purpose Equipment Used
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7.5 MODERN RICE MILLING MACHINERY

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7.5.1 PADDY CLEANER

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TMPUUFETDSFFOT SFNPWFTUIFMBSHFJNQVSJUJFTTVDIBTTUSBX FBSDIBGGT CJHTUPOFT FUD5he QBEEZ
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7.5.2 STONER
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7.5.3 RUBBER ROLL SHELLER

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FIGURE 7.2 4UPOFSXJUIBTQJSBUPSNBDIJOF
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7JTDPTJUZPGUIFSPMMT
$IBSBDUFSJTUJDTPGUIFQBEEZ FH TJ[FBOETIBQF GFFEJOHSBUF
FIGURE 7.3 3VCCFSSPMMTIFMMFSVTFEJONPEFSOSJDFNJMMT
FIGURE 7.4 3VCCFSSPMMTIFMMFSVTFEJONPEFSOSJDFNJMMT
The DMFBSBODFCFUXFFOUIFSPMMTIBTCFFOTVHHFTUFEUPCFBCPVUPOFIBMGPGUIFQBEEZUIJDLOFTT XJUI
BTQFFEEJGGFSFODFSBUJPPG% BOEUIFTQSJOHQSFTTVSFQFSVOJUXJEUIPGSPMMPWer of 4.75 kg/cm
7.5.4 PADDY SEPARATOR

The QBEEZTFQBSBUPSTFQBSBUFTVOIVTLFEQBEEZSJDFGSPNCSPXOSJDFThe BNPVOUPGQBEEZQSFTFOU
EFQFOETPOUIFefficiencZPGUIFIVTLFSBOETIPVMEnot CFNPSFUIBO%1BEEZTFQBSBUPSTXPSLCZ
NBLJOHVTFPGUIFEJGGFSFODFTJOspecific HSBWJUZ CVPZBODZ BOETJ[FCFUXFFOQBEEZBOECSPXOSJDF
'JSTU IVTLJTSFNPWFECZBTQJSBUJPOXJUIBJSTVDUJPODSFBUFECZBGBOThe BTQJSBUJPOEFWJDFJT
QSPWJEFEJOUIFSVCCFSSPMMTIFMMFSJUTFMGThe BJSWFMPDJUZJTBEKVTUFEJOTVDIBXBZTPBTUPSFNPWF
UIFIVTLPOMZThe TIFMMFESJDFBOEVOTIFMMFEQBEEZDPNFPVUPGUIFIVTLTFQBSBUPSXIJMFUIFIVTL
JTCMPXOUPUIFIVTLQJMF
*n UIF OFYU TUFQ UIF QBEEZ JT SFNPWFE GSPN TIFMMFE SJDF CSPXO SJDF
CFGPSF QPMJTIJOH
5he EJGGFSFODFTJOTJ[F EFOTJUZ BOEDPFGfiDJFOUPGGSJDUJPOCFUXFFOQBEEZBOECSPXOSJDFBSFUIF
CBTJTGPSUIFJSTFQBSBUJPO7BSJPVTEFTJHOTBSFBWBJMBCMF CVUUIFNPTUFGGFDUJWFPOFJTBWJCSBUJOH
JODMJOFEUSBZ
5he CBTJDQSJODJQMFVTFEGPSTFQBSBUJPOPGQBEEZBOESJDFJOUIFDPNQBSUNFOUTFQBSBUPSJTUIF
EJGGFSFODFTJOUIFJSEFOTJUJFT TIBQF GSJDUJPOBMQSPQFSUJFT BOETNPPUIOFTTPGTVSGBDF5IJs NBDIJOF
DPOTJTUTPGBMPOHUBCMFPSEFDLTMJHIUMZJODMJOFEJOUIFXJEUI*UTTVSGBDFIBTBOVNCFSPG[JH[BH
DIBOOFMTBDSPTTUIFMFOHUI XIJDIBSFNBEFPGUIJOTUFFM5he UBCMFPTDJMMBUFTJOBMPOHJUVEJOBMNBO
OFS5he NJYUVSFJTGFEGSPNBIPQQFSPOUPUIFNJEEMFPGUIFDIBOOFMT8JUIPTDJMMBUJPOPGUIFUBCMF
UIFCSPXOSJDFIBWJOHSFMBUJWFMZTNBMMBOEFMMJQUJDBMTIBQF NPSFEFOTJUZ BOETNPPUITVSGBDF NPWFT
EPXOXBSET#VUUIFEFOTJUZPGQBEEZJTMFTTUIBOUIBUPGSJDFBOEIFODFQBEEZNPWFTVQXBSECZUIF
BDUJPOPGUIFDIBOOFMFEHFT5he JODMJOBUJPOPGUIFUBCMFJTBEKVTUFEGPSUIFEFTJSFEFGGFDU5he VTVBM
JODMJOBUJPOPGUIFNBDIJOFJTPOMZ°m° XJUIUIFHSPVOEBOEIFODFJUEPFTOPt BMMPXUIFQBEEZUP
SPMMEPXO*n UIJTXBZ QBEEZJTDPMMFDUFEBUUIFVQQFSTJEFPGUIFUBCMFXIFSFBTUIFCSPXOSJDFJT
DPMMFDUFEBUUIFMPXFSTJEF
5he USBZUZQFTFQBSBUPSDPOTJTUTPGTPNFJOEFOUFEPSEJNQMFEUSBZTPSEFDLT QMBDFEPOFBCPWF
UIFPUIFS4J[FTPGUIFTFEFOUTPSEJNQMFTBSFTVDIUIBUUIFZIPMEUIFSJDFQSPQFSMZ CVUUIFZDBO
OPUIPMEUIFQBEEZHSBJOEVFUPUIFMBSHFSTJ[F 'JHVSe
5IFTFUSBZTPTDJMMBUFVQBOEEPXO
BUm0 UJNFTQFSNJOVUF*n UIFDPNNPOUZQFUSBZTFQBSBUPST UIFSFBSFm7 USBZTBSSBOHFE
POF BCPWF UIF PUIFS XJUI B 5 DN HBQ CFUXFFO UIF USBZT 5he FOUJSF EFDL IBT WFSUJDBM BOHMF PG
m° XJUIUIFHSPVOEBOEJTBMTPJODMJOFEUSBOTWFSTFMZCZ°5he EFDLTIPVMEPTDJMMBUFBUUIF
TQFDJfiD SBUF PG m0 TUSPLFT QFS NJO 1BEEZ JT GFE VOJGPSNMZ UP BMM USBZT GSPN UIF IPQQFS
TJUVBUFEBUUIFUPQ
"TBNJYUVSFJTEJTUSJCVUFEPOBUSBZ UIFEJNQMFTPOUIFUSBZTDBUDIIPMEPGUIFSJDFHSBJOBOE
UISPXJUJOBEJSFDUJPOPQQPTJUFUPUIFMBUFSBMJODMJOBUJPO5IVT UIFSJDFHSBJONPWFTQSPHSFTTJWFMZ
UPXBSEUIFVQQFSFEHFPGUIFUSBZBUUIFEJTDIBSHFTJEF#VUQBEEZCFJOHMJHIUFS flPBUTPOUIFSJDF
BOENPWFTUPXBSEUIFMPXFSFEHFPOUIFEJTDIBSHFTJEF*n UIJTXBZ SJDFJTDPMMFDUFEBUUIFVQQFS
FIGURE 7.5 5SBZUZQFTFQBSBUPS
FEHFBOEQBEEZBUUIFMPXFSFEHF4PNFBNPVOUPGUIFNJYUVSFJTBMTPDPMMFDUFEJOUIFNJEEMFPGUIF
USBZ XIJDIJTDPMMFDUFEBOEBHBJOQMBDFEPOUPUIFUSBZT5ISFFQBSUJUJPOTBSFNBEFPOUIFUSBZTBUUIF
PVUMFUFEHFCZVTJOHUXPMPOHJUVEJOBMQMBUFTUPGBDJMJUBUFEJTDIBSHFPGSJDF QBEEZ BOEUIFNJYUVSF
TFQBSBUFMZ
7.5.5 WHITENING OR POLISHING

8IJUFSJDFJTQSPEVDFECZSFNPWJOHUIFCSBOMBZFSBOEUIFHFSNGSPNUIFQBEEZ5he CSBOMBZFSJT
SFNPWFEGSPNUIFLFSOFMUISPVHIFJUIFSBCSBTJWFPSGSJDUJPOQPMJTIFST5he BNPVOUPGCSBOSFNPWFE
JTOPSNBMMZCFUXFFO% BOE%PGUIFUPUBMQBEEZXFJHIU5PSFEVDFUIFOVNCFSPGCSPLFOHSBJOT
EVSJOHUIFXIJUFOJOHQSPDFTT SJDFJTOPSNBMMZQBTTFEUISPVHIUXPUPGPVSXIJUFOJOHNBDIJOFTDPO
OFDUFEJOBTFSJFT
5he XIJUFOJOHQSPDFTTSFNPWFTUIFCSBOMBZFSGSPNUIFCSPXOSJDF5IJs JTBMTPSFGFSSFEUPBT
UIF QFBSMJOH QSPDFTT 5he QPMJTIFS SFNPWFT BOZ CSBO QBSUJDMFT MFGU BGUFS XIJUFOJOH BOE HJWFT UIF
SJDFBNPSFTIJOZBQQFBSBODF8IJUFOJOHBOEQPMJTIJOHQSPDFTTFTBSFRVJUFDSJUJDBM BTJUJTPOUIFTF
QSPDFTTFTUIBUUIFVMUJNBUFNJMMJOHRVBMJUZPGUIFQBEEZEFQFOET3JDFUFOETUPCSFBLNPSFEVSJOH
UIFTFPQFSBUJPOTUIBOEVSJOHBOZPUIFSPQFSBUJPO0OMZQSPQFSTFMFDUJPOPGNBDIJOFTBOEPQFSBUJOH
UIFNXJUIQSPQFSBEKVTUNFOUTBUUIFNBYJNVNQFSDFOUBHFDBOHVBSBOUFFUIBUIJHIMZQPMJTIFEIFBE
SJDFXJUINJOJNVNCSFBLBHFDBOCFBDIJFWFE
8IJUFOJOHBOEQPMJTIJOHNBDIJOFTBSFPGUXPUZQFT
BCSBTJWFUZQFBOE
GSJDUJPOUZQF
5he BCSBTJWFUZQF NBDIJOF DPOTJTUT PG UXP UZQFT DPOFUZQF QPMJTIFS BOE IPSJ[POUBMUZQF
QPMJTIFS
7.5.5.1 Cone-Type Polisher

5he DPOFUZQFQPMJTIFSCBTJDBMMZDPOTJTUTPGBOJOWFSUFEUSVODBUFEDPOFSPUBUJOHJOTJEFBDSJCPSXJSF
NFTI 'JHVSe
5he DPOFJTVTVBMMZm0 NNJOEJBNFUFSBUUIFUPQ*t JTCBTJDBMMZNBEF
PGXPPEBOEIBTBOFNFSZMBZFSPOUIFTVSGBDF5he HBQCFUXFFOUIFDPOFBOEXJSFNFTIDBOCF
BEKVTUFECZMJGUJOHPSMPXFSJOHUIFDPOF6TVBMMZUIFHBQJTm5 mN
#SPXOSJDFJTGFEJOUPUIFIPQQFSBUUIFUPQDFOUFSPGUIFDPOF5he QFSJQIFSBMTQFFEPGUIFDPOF
BUJUTUPQFEHFJTm5 NT%VFUPSPUBUJPOPGUIFDPOF UIFSJDFJTQVTIFEPVUXBSETCZDFOUSJGVHBM
NPUJPO XIJDIUIFOGBMMTJOCFUXFFOUIFBOOVMBSHBQCFUXFFOUIFDPOFBOEUIFXJSFNFTI&BDI
TDSFFO JT JOTUBMMFE XJUI QJFDFT PG HVJEF WBOF QMBUFT XIJDI HVJEF UIF SJDF HSBJOT UP CF XIJUFOFE
FIGURE 7.6 $POFUZQFQPMJTIFS
QSPQFSMZ5he CSPXOSJDFHSBJOTNBLFBGFXSPUBUJPOTXJUIUIFDPOFXIJMFNPWJOHGSPNUPQUPCPU
UPNBOEBSFSVCCFEBHBJOTUUIFXJSFNFTI FNFSZTVSGBDFPGUIFDPOF BOEXJUIUIFNTFMWFT5IVT
UIFCSBOJTSFNPWFEGSPNUIFSJDF
7.5.5.2 Horizontal Abrasive-Type Polisher

5IJs NBDIJOFDPOTJTUTPGBOFNFSZDPBUFEDZMJOEFSNPVOUFEPOBIPMMPXTIBGU5he DZMJOEFSSPUBUFT
JOTJEFBXJSFNFTIDZMJOEFS 'JHVSe
1FSJQIFSBMTQFFEPGUIFFNFSZSPMMFSJTHFOFSBMMZm5 NT
5he QFSJQIFSBMTQFFEPGUIFDPOFQPMJTIFSBUUIFUPQJTUIFTBNFBTUIJT#VUBTUIFEJBNFUFSPGUIF
DZMJOEFSJTTNBMMFSDPNQBSFEXJUIUIFDPOFEJBNFUFS JUSFWPMWFTBUBIJHIFSTQFFE8IFOUIFCSPXO
SJDFJTGFEUISPVHIUIFJOMFUBUPOFTJEFPGUIFDZMJOEFS JUNPWFTSPVOEBMPOHXJUIUIFDZMJOEFSBUB
IJHITQFFEBTJUQSPDFFETUPUIFPUIFSTJEF%VSJOHUIJTNPWFNFOU UIFCSPXOMBZFSTBSFSFNPWFE
BOEEJTDIBSHFEUISPVHIUIFXJSFNFTI8IJUFSJDFJTDPMMFDUFEUISPVHIBOPVUMFUPOUIFPUIFSTJEF
7.5.5.3 Friction-Type Polisher

5he GSJDUJPOUZQF QPMJTIFS NBLFT VTF PG UIF QSFTTVSF DSFBUFE EVSJOH UIF SVCCJOH BDUJPO CFUXFFO
HSBJOT*n UIJTUZQFPGQPMJTIFS BTUFFMSPMMFSSPUBUFTJOTJEFBIFYBHPOBMXJSFNFTIDBTJOH5he SPMMFS
JTDZMJOESJDBM IBWJOHUXPUPTJYSJCTPOUIFQFSJQIFSZBTTIPXOJO'JHVSe 5he DZMJOEFSSPUBUFT
XJUIBTQFFEPG0 NNJO NVDIMPXFSUIBOUIBUPGUIFBCSBTJWFUZQFCVUHFOFSBUFTBNVDIIJHIFS
QSFTTVSFPG0 HDN5he TIBGUPGUIFSPMMFSJTIPMMPXUISPVHIXIJDIDPMEBJSJTCMPXOJOUPUIF
NJMMJOHDIBNCFS. A cFOUSJGVHBMGBOPSCMPXFSCMPXTBJSJOUPUIFTIBGU
"TCSPXOSJDFJTGFEJOUPUIJTQPMJTIFS JUNPWFTXJUIJOUIFDBTJOHBMPOHXJUIUIFSPMMFS5he GSJD
UJPO CFUXFFO SJDF HSBJOT CFDPNF NPSF UIF SPMMFS BOE UIF DBTJOH JT MFTT 5IJs DBVTFT SVCCJOH PG
UIFHSBJOTBNPOHUIFNTFMWFTBOEUIFHBQCSBOMBZFSTBSFSFNPWFE4VCTFRVFOUMZ XIFOUIFHBQ
CFUXFFOUIFSPMMFSBOEDZMJOEFSJTNPSF UIFCSBOJTMPPTFOFEPOUIFTVSGBDFPGUIFSJDFCZUIFBJS
ESBXOJOUPUIFDIBNCFSBOEJTSFNPWFEUISPVHIUIFXJSFNFTI"QBSUGSPNBTQJSBUJOHUIFCSBO
UIJTBJSIFMQTUPBCTPSCUIFIFBUHFOFSBUFECZGSJDUJPOBOELFFQTUIFSJDFDPPM4PNFTNBMMCSBLFT
QSPWJEFEJOTJEFUIFXJSFNFTIIFMQJOJNQSPWJOHUIFGSJDUJPO5he IPSJ[POUBMQPMJTIFSTHJWFBCFUUFS
QPMJTIUPSJDFDPNQBSFEUPDPOFQPMJTIFST#VUJGUIFQSFTTVSFJTOPt QSPQFSMZSFHVMBUFE CSFBLBHF
PGSJDFNBZCFNPSF
6TVBMMZXIJUFOJOHBOEQPMJTIJOHBSFEPOFJOBTFSJFTPGNBDIJOFTPUIFSXJTF UPPNVDIQSFTTVSF
JTFYFSUFEPOUIFHSBJOTBOEUIFHSBJOTBSFTVCKFDUFEUPJNQSPQFSQPMJTIJOH*t JTSFDPNNFOEFEUPVTF
BOBCSBTJWFUZQFNBDIJOFJOUIFCFHJOOJOHBOEfiOBMMZTNPPUIFOUIFTVSGBDFPGUIFHSBJOTCZQBTTJOH
UIFNUISPVHIPOFPSUXPGSJDUJPOUZQFNBDIJOFT5he QPMJTIJOHNBDIJOFTBMTPDPOTJTUPGBWFSUJDBM
PSBIPSJ[POUBMDPOFXIFSFUIFBCSBTJWFDPBUJOHJTSFQMBDFECZTUSJQMFBUIFS6OEFSTMJHIUQSFTTVSF
UIFSFNBJOJOHCSBOQBSUJDMFTBSFSFNPWFEBOEUIFSJDFCFDPNFTXIJUFPSUSBOTQBSFOUJOBQQFBSBODF
FIGURE 7.7 "CSBTJWFUZQFQPMJTIFS
FIGURE 7.8 'SJDUJPOUZQFQPMJTIFS
7.5.6 BRAN AND POLISHED RICE SEPARATOR

"GUFSQPMJTIJOH XIJUFSJDFJTTFQBSBUFEJOUPIFBESJDF MBSHFBOETNBMMCSPLFOSJDF BOEiCSFXFSTuCZ
BOPTDJMMBUJOHTDSFFOTJGUFS)FBESJDFJTOPSNBMMZDMBTTJfiFEBTLFSOFMTUIBUBSF%¢%PSNPSFPG
BXIPMFLFSOFM5PBUUBJOBIJHIFSEFHSFFPGQSFDJTJPOGPSHSBEJOHBOETFQBSBUJPO BMFOHUIPSJOEFOU
HSBEFSJTVTFE
5he CSBOBEIFSJOHUPUIFTVSGBDFPGUIFQPMJTIFESJDFJTSFNPWFECZBJSBTQJSBUJPOPSCZTJGUJOH
*n UIFGPSNFS BJSJTBTQJSBUFEUISPVHIUIFQPMJTIFESJDFNPWJOHEPXOBQFSGPSBUFETJFWF5he BJSUIVT
SFNPWFTTUJDLJOHCSBOGSPNUIFTVSGBDFPGUIFSJDF$PPMJOHPGHSBJOTIFBUFEUPBIJHIUFNQFSBUVSF
EVSJOHXIJUFOJOHBMTPUBLFTQMBDF*GUIJTDPPMJOHJTOPt CFGPSFCBHHJOH MVNQJOHPGHSBJOTPDDVST
JOUIFCBHHFESJDF5IJs CSBOSFNPWBMEFWJDFXJUIQSPWJTJPOPGDPPMJOHJTQSPWJEFEJOTPNFEFTJHOT
PGQPMJTIFS*n TJGUJOH BTFUPGHZSBUJOHTJFWFTJTVTFEGPSSFNPWBMPGCSPLFOSJDF"TBSFTVMU CSBOJT
SFNPWFEJOUIFCPUUPNNPTUTJFWF
7.5.7 RICE GRADER

3JDFGSPNUIFQPMJTIFSVTVBMMZDPOUBJOTLFSOFMTCSPLFOJOUPEJGGFSFOUTJ[FT"DDPSEJOHUPUIFNBSLFU
*t IBTUPCFHSBEFEJOUPEJGGFSFOUHSBEFTPOUIFCBTJTPGTJ[FT"MMUIFHSBJOTBCPWFHSBJOTJ[F
BSFDPOTJEFSFEBTIFBESJDF5he SFNBJOJOHCSPLFOHSBJOTBSFGVSUIFSHSBEFEJOUPDPBSTFCSPLFOT
m
, fiOFCSPLFOT m
BOEMFTTUIBO4 sJ[F
$PNNPOFRVJQNFOUVTFEGPSUIJTQVSQPTFBSFBHZSPTJGUFS HSBEJOHDZMJOEFS BOEEJTLTFQBSB
UPS5he HZSPTJGUFSJTBTJOHMFPSEPVCMFEFDLFETJFWF5he TJFWFDBOIBWFVOJGPSNQFSGPSBUJPOTJO
XIJDIDBTFUIFTJFWFDBODPOTJTUPGUXPTIFFUTPGEJGGFSFOUQFSGPSBUJPOT HJWJOHUXPHSBEFTPGCSPLFO
LFSOFMTTFQBSBUFEGSPNUIFIFBESJDF5he NPWFNFOUPGUIFTJGUFSJTQSPEVDFECZBOFDDFOUSJDESJWF
"TBSFTVMU UIFHSBJOTMPXMZNPWFTBDSPTTUIFUSBZJOBDPOUJOVPVTTQJSBMQBUI
"OJNQSPWFE NFUBMMJDJOEFOUFEDZMJOEFSJTNBEFPGJOEFOUFETIFFU*t JTTMJHIUMZJODMJOFEBOE
JTBMMPXFEUPSPUBUFm0 SQNXJUIBNJYUVSFPGCSPLFOBOEIFBESJDFUPCFHSBEFE5he CSPLFOT
TNBMMFOPVHIUPMPEHFJOUPUIFJOEFOUTBSFSBJTFEUPDFSUBJOQPJOUTBGUFSXIJDIUIFZGBMM PXJOHUP
HSBWJUZJOBUSPVHI MPOHJUVEJOBMMZNPVOUFEJOUPUIFSPUBUJOHDZMJOEFS5IJs tSPVHIIBTBXPSNUP
DPOWFZUIFCSPLFOTUPUIFCSPLFOPVUMFU5he IFBESJDFUBJMTPWFSUIFCPUUPNPGUIFDZMJOEFSBOE
SFBDIFTUIFCSPLFOPVUMFUCZTMJEJOH&BDIDZMJOEFSDBOTFQBSBUFUIFNJYUVSFPGUIFCSPLFOTJOUP
UXPHSBEFTPOMZ)FODFGPSNPSFCSPLFOHSBEFT NPSFDZMJOEFSHSBEFTBSFFNQMPZFE'Pr FGfiDJFOU
QFSGPSNBODF PG UIJT VOJU DMFBOJOH PG JOEFOUT BU DFSUBJO JOUFSWBMT JT OFDFTTBSZ PUIFSXJTF FGfi
DJFODZXJMMGBMM
7.5.8 RICE MIXING

A HPPESJDFNJMMXJMMQSPEVDF%¢%IFBESJDF XIPMFLFSOFMT
%¢%MBSHFCSPLFOLFSOFMT
BOE%¢%TNBMMCSPLFOLFSOFMT%FQFOEJOHPODPVOUSZTUBOEBSET SJDFHSBEFTJOUIFNBSLFUXJMM
DPOUBJOGSPN%UP%CSPLFOLFSOFMT*GSJDFNJYJOHJTUPCFEPOFQSPQFSMZ UIFOBWPMVNFUSJD
NJYFSJTOFDFTTBSZ
7.6 WHEAT MILLING

8IFBUJTUIFTUBQMFGPPEJONBOZDPVOUSJFTPGUIFXPSME*t DPOTJTUTPG%CSBO %HFSN BOE%
FOEPTQFSNBOEJTVTFEJOUIFGPSNPGflPVS*n UIF*OEJBOTVCDPOUJOFOU IPNFNBEFCSFBEDBMMFESPUJ
JTQSFQBSFEGSPNUIFDPBSTFflPVSDBMMFEBUUB XIJDIJTPCUBJOFECZHSJOEJOHXIPMFXIFBUXJUIPVU
TFQBSBUJPOPGCSBOBOEHFSNGSPNJU1BSPUBJTQSFQBSFEGSPNXIJUFflPPSDBMMFENBJEB)BSEXIFBU
JTHSPVOEJOUPTFNPMJOBDBMMFETVKJ
5he NBJOQVSQPTFPGNJMMJOHJTUPNBYJNJ[FUIFBNPVOUPGXIJUFflPVSGSPNXIFBUFOEPTQFSN
XJUIPVUCSBOBOEHFSNJOJU)ZESPUIFSNBMUSFBUNFOUIFMQTJOUIFTFQBSBUJPOPGCSBOBOEHFSNGSPN
UIF FOEPTQFSN 8IFO XIFBU JT DPOEJUJPOFE CZ IZESPUIFSNBM USFBUNFOU CSBO BOE HFSN CFDPNF
SVCCFSMJLF BOE UIF FOEPTQFSN CFDPNFT TPGU 5IJs USFBUNFOU FMJNJOBUFT UIF EJGGFSFODF JO HSJOE
JOHDIBSBDUFSJTUJDTCFUXFFOIBSEXIFBUBOETPGUXIFBU5he DPOEJUJPOFEXIFBUJTfiSTUTIFBSFECZ
DPSSVHBUJPOTCSFBLfiOBMMZ fiOFXIJUFflPVSJTQSPEVDFECZSFEVDUJPOSPMM5he ZJFMETPGXIJUFflPVS
BOECZQSPEVDUTGSPNBXIJUFNJMMJOHBSFBCPVU%BOE% SFTQFDUJWFMZ BOEUIFCZQSPEVDUTBSF
DPNQPTFEPG%CSBO %HFSN BOE%TIPSUT
A NPEFSONJMMJOHTZTUFNDPOTJTUTPGTJYTUFQT
SFDFJWJOH ESZJOH BOETUPSBHFPGXIFBU

DMFBOJOH
DPOEJUJPOJOH
NJMMJOHJOUPXIJUFflPVSBOECZQSPEVDUT
QBDLBHJOHBOETUPSBHFPG
fiOJTIFEQSPEVDUTBOE
CMFOEJOH0GUIFTFTUFQT UIFNPTUJNQPSUBOUTUFQTDMFBOJOH DPOEJUJPO
JOH NJMMJOH BOETUPSBHFBSFEJTDVTTFEIFSF
7.6.1 CONDITIONING/HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT

5he DPOEJUJPOJOHPGXIFBUDBOCFEPOFBUFJUIFSSPPNUFNQFSBUVSFPSFMFWBUFEUFNQFSBUVSF#VUUIF
UFNQFSBUVSFPGUIFXIFBUHSBJOTIPVMEOPt CFBCPWF° $PUIFSXJTF HMVUFORVBMJUZXJMMCFBGGFDUFE
XIJDIJOUVSOXJMMBGGFDUUIFCBLJOHRVBMJUZPGUhe flPVS
(FOFSBMMZ NPJTUVSFDPOUFOUTPGTPGUBOEIBSEXIFBUBSFJODSFBTFEUP%m%BOE%m%
SFTQFDUJWFMZ CZTPBLJOHUIFOUIFNPJTUVSFPGUIFHSBJOJTFRVJMJCSBUFECZUFNQFSJOHGPS18–72 IJO
UIFUFNQFSJOHCJO
*n BNPEFSOTZTUFN DPOEJUJPOJOHPGXIFBUJTQFSGPSNFEJOGPVSTUBHFT5he DPOEJUJPOFSNBJOMZ
DPOTJTUTPGBQSFIFBUJOHTFDUJPO NPJTUFOJOHTFDUJPO BOEDPPMJOHTFDUJPO*n UIFfiSTUTFDUJPO XIFBU
JT QSFIFBUFE UP UIF QSPQFS UFNQFSBUVSF JO UIF TFDPOE TFDUJPO XIFBU JT NPJTUFOFE UP UIF EFTJSFE
NPJTUVSFMFWFMBOEJOUIFUIJSETFDUJPO TPBLFEXIFBUJTDPPMFEUPSPPNUFNQFSBUVSF'JOBMMZ UIF
USFBUFEXIFBUJTLFQUJOBTFQBSBUFUFNQFSJOHCJOGPSm2 h
)ZESPUIFSNBMDPOEJUJPOJOHPGHSBJOCZEJSFDUTUFBNJOHIBTCFFOQPQVMBSGPSUIFMBTUGFXZFBST*t IBT
NBOZBEWBOUBHFTPWFSIFBUJOHCZBJSCFDBVTFCPUINPJTUFOJOHBOEIFBUJOHBSFDBSSJFEPVUTJNVMUBOF
PVTMZJOBTJOHFPQFSBUJPO.PSFPWFS UIFHSBJOJTIFBUFEXJUIJOm0 TUPBCPVU°$#VUUIFHSBJO
UFNQFSBUVSFBCPWF°$NBZBEWFSTFMZBGGFDUUIFRVBMJUZPGUIFflPVS5he SBQJESBUFPGIFBUJOHXFBLFOT
UIFJOUFSNPMFDVMBSCPOETJOWBSJPVTQBSUTPGUIFHSBJOUPBDPOTJEFSBCMFFYUFOU SFTVMUJOHJOFBTJFSTFQBSB
UJPOPGCSBO NPSFFGGFDUJWFHSJOEJOHPGFOEPTQFSN BOETUSPOHFSBDUJPOPOQSPUFJOTBOEFO[ZNFT
7.6.2 MILLING
.JMMJOH JT DBSSJFE PVU CZ SPMMFS NJMMT 5he SPMMFS NJMMJOH TZTUFN JT NBJOMZ EJWJEFE JOUP B CSFBL
NJMMJOHTZTUFNBOEBSFEVDUJPONJMMJOHTZTUFN*n BEEJUJPO NPTUPGUIFflPVSNJMMTLFFQBTUBOECZ
TZTUFNDBMMFEBTDSBUDITZTUFN XIJDIJTBOFYUFOTJPOPGBCSFBLSPMMTZTUFN5he CSFBLSPMMTZTUFN
BOESFEVDUJPOSPMMTZTUFNBSFEJGGFSFOUJBUFECZUIFJSTVSGBDFDPOEJUJPOT5he TVSGBDFDPOEJUJPOPG
UIFCSFBLSPMMJTDPSSVHBUFEBOEUIBUPGUIFSFEVDUJPOSPMMTZTUFNJTTNPPUI*n CSFBLSPMMT UIFCSBO
JTDSBDLFE BOEUIFLFSOFMJTCSPLFOVQPO5he FOEPTQFSNBEIFSJOHUPCSBOJTNJMMFEBXBZTVDDFT
TJWFMZJOBGFXTUFQT(FOFSBMMZ BTFSJFTPGGPVSTFUTPGCSFBLSPMMTBSFVTFE&BDITFUPGSPMMTUBLFT
TUPDLGSPNUIFQSFDFEJOHTUPDL"GUFSFBDICSFBL UIFNJYUVSFGSFFCSBO GSFFFOEPTQFSN GSFFHFSN
BOEFOEPTQFSNTUJMMBEIFSJOHUPUIFCSBOJTTJGUFEBOETFQBSBUFE5he FOEPTQFSNBEIFSJOHUPCSBO
JTQBTTFEUISPVHIUIFOFYUCSFBLSPMMXIJMFUIFNJEEMFTJ[FFOEPTQFSNDBMMFENJEEMJOHTJTTFOUUP
UIFSFEVDUJPOSPMMTGPSQSPQFSTJ[FSFEVDUJPOUPflPVST5IFSFGPSF UIFCSFBLSPMMTBSFNBJOMZVTFEGPS
UIFQSPEVDUJPOPGNJEEMJOHT BOESFEVDUJPOSPMMTBSFVTFEGPSHSJOEJOHPGGSFFNJEEMJOHTJOUPQSPQFS
flPVSTJ[F"GUFSFBDISFEVDUJPOPGFOEPTQFSN NJEEMJOHT
UIFflPVSJTTJGUFEBXBZGSPNUIFCJHHFS
TJ[FNJEEMJOHTBOESFNBJOJOHNJEEJMJOHTSFUVSOFEUPUIFOFYUSFEVDUJPOSPMMT5IFTFPQFSBUJPOTBSF
DPOUJOVFEVOUJMUIFEFTJSFEQSPEVDUTBSFPCUBJOFE"TNBOZBTm4 SFEVDUJPOSPMMTBSFVTFEJO
NPTt flPVSNJMMT#VUBMMSFEVDUJPOSPMMTBSFOPt usFEGPSBMMCSFBLSPMMT
7.6.3 STORAGE OF FINISHED PRODUCTS

5he flPVSBOENJMMGFFE CSBO HFSN BOETIPSUT
BSFCBHHFEJOXBUFSQSPPGCBHT TUJUDIFEBOETUPSFE
JODPMEBOEESZDPOEJUJPOTJn flBUHPEPXOT
7.7 SIZE CHARACTERISTICS

5he QFSGPSNBODFPGBTJ[FSFEVDUJPONBDIJOFJTDIBSBDUFSJ[FECZDBQBDJUZ UIFQPXFSSFRVJSFEQFS
VOJUPGNBUFSJBMSFEVDFE UIFTJ[FBOETIBQFPGUIFQSPEVDUCFGPSFBOEBGUFSSFEVDUJPO BOEUIFSBOHF
JOTJ[FBOETIBQFPGUIFSFTVMUBOUQSPEVDU5IFSFGPSF BNFUIPEJTOFFEFEGPSEFUFSNJOJOHUIFTJ[F
DIBSBDUFSJTUJDTPGBOZNBUFSJBM
5he TJ[FBOETIBQFPGJOEJWJEVBMHSBJOTJOBOZNBTTNBUFSJBMXJMMEFQFOEVQPOUIFQIZTJDBMDIBS
BDUFSJTUJDTPGUIFNBUFSJBM JUTQSFWJPVTIJTUPSZ BOEUIFNFUIPEPGSFEVDUJPO*n UIFPSFUJDBMTUVEJFT
JUJTDVTUPNBSZUPSFQSFTFOUBOJSSFHVMBSQBSUJDMFCZBOFRVJWBMFOUTQIFSF DVCFPSPUIFSHFPNFUSJD
fiHVSF TVSGBDF BSFB PS WPMVNF CFJOH VTFE BT UIF CBTJT GPS DPNQBSJTPO %FWJBUJPO GSPN UIF QFS
GPSNBODFPGUIFJEFBMJ[FETIBQFJTSFDPHOJ[FECZUIFJOUSPEVDUJPOPGFNQJSJDBMGBDUPSTA GBDUPSJT
BQQMJFEUIBUJOEJDBUFTUIFEFHSFFPf fiU
3FEVDFENBUFSJBMNBZCFQMBDFEJOUISFFHSPVQTJOEJDBUFECFMPX
%JNFOTJPOSBOHe – DJDFEGSVJUTBOEWFHFUBCMFTBSFFYBNQMFTPGUIJTHSPVQ
4JFWFSBOHe m(SBOVMBSNBUFSJBMTTVDIBTHSPVOEGFFEBOEGFSUJMJ[FSTBSFFYBNQMFTPGUIJT
HSPVQ
.JDSPTDPQJDSBOHe – CIFNJDBMQPXEFSBOE1PSUMBOEDFNFOUBSFFYBNQMFTPGUIJTHSPVQ
7.7.1 SIEVE
5he TJNQMFTUNFUIPEBOEUIFPOFNPTUGSFRVFOUMZVTFEGPSQMBDJOHHSBOVMBSNBUFSJBMTJODMBTT
BCPWFJTUISPVHIBTFSJFTPG5ZMFSTJFWFTJUDBOVTFEBTBCBTJTGPSTJ[JOHBMMTDSFFOFENBUFSJBMTVTFE
JOQSPDFTTJOH5he cIBSBDUFSJTUJDTPGUIJTTJFWFBSFTIPXOJO5BCMe 7
5he TJFWFTMJTUFEJO5BCMe DPOTUJUVUFBOPSNBMTFU5he PQFOJOHTJ[FJTCBTFEVQPOUIF
NFTITJFWF FBDIPQFOJOHCFJOHĿ PS4 UJNFTBTMBSHFBTUIFQSFWJPVTPOF5he PQFOJOHTBSF
TRVBSF UIF TJ[F CFJOH UIF EJNFOTJPO PG POF TJEF 5he JOUFSNFEJBUF TJFWFT XJUI PQFOJOH SBUJP PG
9 aSFBWBJMBCMFBOEJGBEEFEXPVMEDPOTUJUVUFBDPNQMFUFTFU
5FDIOJRVFTVTFEJOTDSFFOJOHBTBNQMFIBWFCFFOTUBOEBSEJ[FEBOETIPVMECFGPMMPXFEJGTJH
OJfiDBOUSFTVMUTBSFUPCFFYQFDUFE5he NFUIPEBOEUJNFPGTIBLJOHBSFCPUIJNQPSUBOUUIFSFD
PNNFOEFE QSPDFEVSF TIPVME CF DPOTVMUFE BOE GPMMPXFE XIFO QSFDJTF BOE TJHOJfiDBOU EBUB BSF
SFRVJSFE
TABLE 7.2
Tyler Standard Screen Sieve
Mesh No. Openings to Inch Diameter of Wire, in Actual Opening Size Approx. Opening Size
m
m
m
m

m

m
m
m
m
m
5he SFTVMUTPGTDSFFOBOBMZTJTPGHSPVOECBSMFZBSFSFQPSUFEJOUIFBDDPNQBOZJOHUBCVMBUJPOJO
UFSNTPGQFSDFOUBHFPGNBUFSJBMCZXFJHIUSFNBJOJOHPOFBDITDSFFO
Mesh, in. Percent

1BO
*O UIJT BOBMZTJT % PG UIF NBUFSJBM CZ XFJHIU QBTTFE UIF NFTI TJFWF CVU XPVME OPt QBTT UIF
NFTITJFWF5he TJ[FPGUIFHSBJOTJOUIJTGSBDUJPOWBSJFEGSPN3 UP6 JOJONJOJNVN
EJNFOTJPO5IJs tZQFPGBOBMZTJTDBOCFEPOFGPSDMBTTJGZJOHBOZHSBOVMBSNBUFSJBM
7.7.2 FINENESS MODULUS

A DMBTTJfiDBUJPOTZTUFNEFWJTFECZ%""CSBIBNTGPSDPODSFUFXPSLDBOCFVTFEGPSEFUFSNJO
JOHUIFfiOFOFTTNPEVMVTGPSHSPVOEQSPEVDUT5he fiOFOFTTNPEVMVTJOEJDBUFTUIFVOJGPSNJUZPG
HSJOEJOUIFSFTVMUBOUQSPEVDUBOEJTEFfiOFEBTUIFTVNPGUIFXFJHIUGSBDUJPOSFUBJOFEBCPWFFBDI
TJFWFEJWJEFECZ5he JO BOENFTITJFWFTBSFVTFEJOUIFTFUA TJNQMF
NFUIPEGPSEFUFSNJOJOHUhe fiOFOFTTNPEVMVTJTTIPXOJO5BCMe 7

'JOFOFTT NPEVMVT

TABLE 7.3
A Simple Method for Determining the Fineness Modulus Using Tyler Screen
Mesh Size of Opening Percent of Material Retained Multiplied By
″ 7 = 0.0
6 = 34.2
5 = 116.0
4 = 140.4
3 = 55.2
2 = 18.6
1 = 5.8
1BO m 0 = 0.0
m 5PUBM
5he TUBOEBSEQSPDFEVSFTQFDJfiFTB0 HTBNQMFPWFOESJFEUPDPOTUBOUXFJHIUBU ° $BOETIBLFO
JOUIF3P5BQGPS5 NJO"MMUIFfiOFNBUFSJBMXJMMQBTTUISPVHIBMMUIFTDSFFOTJODMVEJOHTDSFFO
OVNCFSCVUXPVMECFSFUBJOFEPO/P. , BOEUIFfiOFOFTTNPEVMVTXPVMECF0OUIFPUIFS
IBOE JGBMMXFSFSFUBJOFEPOUIF/P. 4 sDSFFO Uhe fiOFOFTTNPEVMVTXPVMECF
5he BWFSBHFTJ[FPGHSBJO%JOJODIFTJOEJDBUFECZBNPEVMVTOVNCFS'.DBOCFDBMDVMBUFE
VTJOHUIFGPMMPXJOHFRVBUJPO
%
'.
7.7.3 ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

$POTJEFSUIFQBSUJDMFJO'JHVSe , XIJDIJTUPCFSFEVDFEUPTZNNFUSJDBMQBSUJDMFTPGTNBMMFSTJ[F
'JHVSe DPVMECFSFQSFTFOUFEBTBDVCF BQBSBMMFMFQJQFE TQIFSF PSTPNFPUIFSTIBQF5he QBS
UJDMFTSFTVMUJOHGSPNUIFSFEVDUJPODPVMECFBOZTIBQFPSBHSFBUOVNCFSPGTIBQFT
5he SFRVJSFEFOFSHZNVTUCFSFMBUFEUPTPNFGVODUJPOPGUIFTJ[FPGUIFJOJUJBMBOESFEVDFEQBS
UJDMF BOE TJODFUIFQBSUJDMFTBSFBTTVNFETZNNFUSJDBM BDPNNPOEJNFOTJPOXPVMEQSPCBCMZCF
VTFETPUIBU
Δ& α Δ--O
Δ& = ( Δ- -O
FIGURE 7.9 "OJEFBMJ[FETJ[FSFEVDUJPO
The HFOFSBMJ[BUJPOJNQMJFTUIBUUIFFOFSHZSFRVJSFEUPSFEVDFBVOJUJTQSPQPSUJPOBMUPBEJNFOTJPOPG
UIFSFEVDFEQBSUJDMFSFMBUJWFUPBTJNJMBSEJNFOTJPOPGUIFPSJHJOBMQBSUJDMFSBJTFEUPTPNFQPXFSO
5IFSFGPSF UIFFOFSHZOFDFTTBSZUPSFEVDFBTQFDJfiDNBTTPGQBSUJDMFTGSPNPOFTJ[FUPBOPUIFSJT
′
E-
& = −$
∫
-O

,JDLBTTVNFEUIBUUIFFOFSHZSFRVJSFNFOUTBSFBGVODUJPOPGBDPNNPOEJNFOTJPOPGUIFQBSUJDMF
To n = 1 iO&RVBUJPn (
5IFSFGPSF UIFFOFSHZSFRVJSFNFOUTBSF
& = −$MO - -

&RVBUJPn (
JTLOPXOBT,JDLTMBX
3JUUJOHFS BTTVNFE UIBU TJ[F SFEVDUJPO JT FTTFOUJBMMZ B TIFBSJOH QSPDFEVSF $POTFRVFOUMZ UIF
FOFSHZSFRVJSFEJTQSPQPSUJPOBMUPUIFOFXTVSGBDFTDSFBUFE XIJDIJOUVSOBSFQSPQPSUJPOBMUPUIF
TRVBSFPGBDPNNPOMJOFBSEJNFOTJPO5IFSFGPSF OJO&RVBUJPn
FRVBMTUP2 BOEUIFFOFSHZ
SFRVJSFNFOUTBSF
⎛ ⎞
& = $⎜ − ⎟
⎝ - - ⎠
5IJs eRVBUJPn iTLOPXOBT3JUUJOHFSTMBX
Example 7.1
Energy required to reduce a material from 1/4-in size to 10-mesh is 5 hp-h. Calculate how much
power is required if the reduction is 20 mesh.
SOLUTION
By Kick’s law:
E Cln(L1 L2 )
E 5
C 8.56
ln(L1 L2 ) ln(0.25/0.065)
E 8.56 ln(0.25 0.0328) 7.55 hp-h
By Rittinger’s law:
⎛ 1 1⎞
E= C⎜ − ⎟
⎝ L2 L1 ⎠
E
C= = = 0.438
(1/L2 ) − (1/L1) (1/ 0.065) − (1/ 0.25)
E = 0.438(10.0328) − (10.25) = 11.6 hp-h

BIBLIOGRAPHY
"SBVMMP & 7 EF 1BEVB % # BOE (SBIBN . 3JDF 1PTUIBSWFTU 5FDIOPMPHZ 0YGPSE BOE *#)
1VCMJTIJOH$P /FX%FMIJ *OEJB
#BOEZPQBEIZ 4BOE3PZ /$3JDF1SPDFTT5FDIOPMPHZ0YGPSEBOE*#)1VCMJTIJOH$P /FX%FMIJ
*OEJB
$IBLSBWFSUZ " BOE %F % 4 1PTUIBSWFTU 5FDIOPMPHZ PG $FSFBMT BOE 1VMTFT 0YGPSE BOE *#)
1VCMJTIJOH$P /FX%FMIJ *OEJB
)FOEFSTPO 4.BOE1FSSZ 3-"HSJDVMUVSBM1SPDFTT &OHJOFFSJOH SEFEJUJPO5Ie "7*1VCMJTIJOH
$PNQBOZ*OD 8FTUQPSU $5
4BIBZ ,BOE4JOHI ,,6OJU0QFSBUJPOTJO"HSJDVMUVSBM1SPDFTTJOH7JLBTI1VCMJTIJOH)PVTF1WU
-UE /FX%FMIJ *OEJB

ABE41 Topic05 Milling

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ABE 41

Agricultural and Biosystems Products

7.2 RICE MILLING

7.3 TRADITIONAL METHODS

7.3.2 HULLER MILLS

7.3.3 SHELLER MILLS

7.3.4 RUBBER ROLL SHELLER MILLS

7.4 THE MODERN RICE MILLING PROCESS

7.5 MODERN RICE MILLING MACHINERY

7.5.1 PADDY CLEANER

7.5.3 RUBBER ROLL SHELLER

7.5.4 PADDY SEPARATOR

7.5.5 WHITENING OR POLISHING

7.5.5.1 Cone-Type Polisher

7.5.5.2 Horizontal Abrasive-Type Polisher

7.5.5.3 Friction-Type Polisher

7.5.6 BRAN AND POLISHED RICE SEPARATOR

7.5.7 RICE GRADER

7.5.8 RICE MIXING

7.6 WHEAT MILLING

7.6.1 CONDITIONING/HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT

7.6.3 STORAGE OF FINISHED PRODUCTS

7.7 SIZE CHARACTERISTICS

Mesh, in. Percent

7.7.2 FINENESS MODULUS

7.7.3 ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

Δ& α Δ--O 

Δ& = ( Δ- -O 

E 8.56 ln(0.25 0.0328) 7.55 hp-h

E = 0.438(10.0328) − (10.25) = 11.6 hp-h

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Δ& α Δ--O

Δ& = ( Δ- -O