  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬

0
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 W،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،    ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬? J??‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬      J ‫א‬  ?‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬          ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 

‫א‬ ‫א‬
١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢  ‫א‬
٥ 
٦  ‫א‬‫א‬
٩ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
١١ E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
١٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٥ ‫א‬‫א‬
٢١ ‫א‬‫א‬
٢٢ ‫א‬‫א‬
٢٥ 
٣١  ‫א‬
٣٥  ‫א‬
٣٦  
٤٠  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٤٢  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤٣  ‫א‬
٤٤ ‫א‬‫א‬
٥١  ‫א‬‫א‬
٥٤  ‫א‬‫א‬

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   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
٥٩ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٦٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
٦٢ 
٦٥  ‫א‬
٦٨ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٧٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٧٨ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٨١ ‫א‬‫א‬
٨٢  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٨٣ ‫א‬
٨٨ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٩٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٩١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٩٣  ‫א‬‫א‬
٩٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٩٥  ‫א‬‫א‬
٩٨  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
١٠٠  ‫א‬
١٠١  ‫א‬
١٠٢  ‫א‬

 

3
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
١١٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١١٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١١٣  ‫א‬‫א‬
١١٣   (١)
 ١١٥  (٢)
١٨١ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
١٢١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٢١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٢٣ 
 ١٢٧  
 ١٤١ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٤٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٤٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٤٧  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٤٨ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٤٩ 
 ١٥٨  
 ١٧٤  ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 

4
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 
 
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 

5
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬KKKK،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EFW‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 KW‫א‬‫א‬
 KW‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

6
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ٤  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
٨  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٤  K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬KKKK،‫א‬
٤  K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFW‫א‬‫א‬
٤  K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤  K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٢  KW‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٢ KW‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KISO‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KISO‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

7
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 
 ٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 12W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Data Show J١
  J٢
 
W‫א‬
 ١١١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 

8
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬
‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 (NUTS)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K(5)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 

9
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 (5)

 
 
 K(5)(M30)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WW‫א‬
 W(M30) (5)‫א‬ J١
 K(e = 51mm) J
 (m = 24mm)‫א‬ J
(e = 51mm)‫א‬ J٢
 K(7)‫א‬K(m = 24mm)
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 (6)‫א‬K(e/4 = 51≈ 13mm )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

10
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 


(7 ) (6 )
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ M30‫א‬‫א‬

(1)‫א‬(0.75e ≈ 38mm)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K(3)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(2)‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 K(4)
(A)‫א‬‫א‬(3)‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 K(5,6)‫א‬‫א‬
(x)‫א‬‫א‬(4)‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 K(7,8)‫א‬‫א‬
 K(5)‫א‬ J٨
(5)‫א‬‫א‬(B)‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(A)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KECF‫א‬E٨F‫א‬ J١٠
 KEY - ZFW‫א‬‫א‬E١٠٨F‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
 K(7)‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢

11
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬W 
 K(8)‫א‬(sw =46mm , m = 24mm)‫א‬ J١ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ 
‫א‬(e/2 = 25.5mm)(1)‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K(9)‫א‬K(2)‫ א‬‫א‬
 K(A)‫א‬(2)‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬(3)‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 K(4)
 K(B)‫א‬(4)‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 K(C , D)‫א‬E٦٢F‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 

 
 
(9) (8)

 K(11)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 

12
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(11)

 K‫א‬‫א‬W
K(12)‫א‬K(e/2 = 51÷2 =25mm)‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(1)‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K(2)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (2)‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(6)‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K(13)K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥

13
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
(13) (12)

‫א‬(sw)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 K(A)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(d = 30mm)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 K(0.35mm)
 K(5)‫א‬(d1= 25.7mm)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

14
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 BOLTED JOINTS‫א‬‫א‬
{ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ {
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،(Major Diameter)(D)‫א‬‫א‬
(Minor (d)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(1)‫א‬KDiameter)
K‫א‬‫א‬٠{٨٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(1)‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

15
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 (13 )

 K(14 )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W

 
 (14 )‫א‬

16
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬M‫א‬
 K(15)‫א‬Diameter Major

 

(15 )

 K(16)K‫א‬

(16 )

‫א‬‫א‬E١٤FE١٣F‫א‬ W
‫א‬‫א‬{D‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 E١٧F
 
 

17
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEKF‫א‬Em F‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬{E١٧F‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
E٢FEdF‫א‬{‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬ELF‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EbF‫א‬{‫א‬ J
‫א‬Ed1F{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬EbF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬
{‫א‬{‫א‬٤٥○‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
 
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬EM 30F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
 KE١٧F‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

18
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE1:1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F

 

 
 

19
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 SPRINGS‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬    { ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{
‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
{ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  { ‫א‬ ‫א‬  {   ‫א‬
‫א‬{ ‫א‬{‫א‬{‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬(18)‫א‬{‫א‬
 

     ‫א‬‫א‬

Flat Spring Conical Spring Helical Spring
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٨F
 

20
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 COMPRESSION SPRINGS‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{
(19)K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EXTENSION SPRINGS‫א‬ J٢
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 (20)K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

21
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

   
(20) (19 )

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ISO 2162‫א‬‫א‬
 (21)‫א‬K J١
 KE٢٢F‫א‬{ J٢
 E٢٣F‫א‬{ J٣

 
 
     
 E٢٣FE٢٢FE٢١F
 

22
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬
 


 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
P2<P<P1   P1>P>P٢
 E٢٤F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 

23
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 SpringE‫א‬F‫א‬
FL‫א‬‫א‬،Di‫א‬‫א‬،Do،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬{d{N‫א‬E‫א‬F{E‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 ،‫א‬‫א‬{(P) 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬FL
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬d
 ‫א‬N
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
L=82mm ‫א‬‫א‬di=50mm‫א‬‫א‬Do=70mm‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬{P=25mm ‫א‬d=10mm‫א‬
 
 

24
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 

 
 
Dm = 70+50/2=120/2=60 mm
 ‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
L‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬  J
KE‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{E‫א‬F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E82 mmFL   J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K
{‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬P ‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

{‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

     
 E٥F‫א‬  E٤F‫א‬  E٣F‫א‬ E٢F‫א‬  E١F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥F
 
 ‫א‬W
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
    

  
 E٣F‫א‬  E٢F‫א‬ E١F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢٦F

26
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١F 

 
 
Dm 60mm
Lo 126mm
P 24mm
D 12mm
 
 
W‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE2F 
 
 ‫א‬
Dm 40mm
Lo 87mm
P 12mm
D 11mm
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 DIN 2098 – 3.4 x 42 x140 
 
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬DIN 2098
 K‫א‬D = 3.4mm

27
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬Dm = 42mm
 ‫א‬‫א‬Lo = 140mm
 W(3)
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 DIN 2098 – 1 x 12.5 x24 
  DIN 2098 – 1.6 x 10 x27 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

28
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Gears ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٢٦F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 E٢٧F

29
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 ‫א‬x‫א‬=(d)‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 d = m .z
 E٢x‫א‬F+‫א‬‫א‬=(da)‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 da = d + (m*2 )
 E2.4x‫א‬F J‫א‬‫א‬=(df)E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 df = d - (m*2.4)
 KE٢٨F‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬m،‫א‬zW
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬E PF‫א‬ J١
 (28)
‫א‬WEmodule =‫א‬Fm ‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬EπF‫א‬‫א‬
m = p ÷ πW
 (u)‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 u = d . πW‫א‬
 ‫א‬p = m . π
 u = d . π = m . π .z
 (d)‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 d = m .z

30
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(s)‫א‬ J٥
 W(DIN 780)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
0.3 , 0.4 ,… 0.9 , 1.0 , 1.25 , 1.5 , 2.0 , 2.5 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 16 , 20 ,
 25
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(29)(28)‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 

 E٢٨F
 
 

31
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E٢٩F
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬(29)،( 28)‫א‬ J١
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٠F‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬
 

32
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
E٣٠F 
 
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K(31)‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 KE 32)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 E٣٣F‫א‬،
 


 
( 33)  E٣٢F  E٣١F

33
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K(m = 4)‫א‬(z = 20)(CK 45)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١W‫א‬
 d = m .z= 4x20 = 80mm
 da = d + (m*2 )= 80+(4x2)=88mm
 df = d - (m*2.4)= 80- (4x2.4)=70.4 ≈ 70mm
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 K( 34)‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 

 E٣٤) 
 
 
 

34
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 (z = 8)(GS – 45)‫א‬‫א‬
 K(m = 60)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 d = m .z= 8x60 = 480mm
 da = d + (m*2 )= 480+(2x8)=496mm
 df = d - (m*2.4)= 480- (8x2.4)=461 mm
 K(35)‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

(35) 

35
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 W(36)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ø 30 H7‫א‬،CK 45 :‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
Z = 20 , m = 4.5mm
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤


(36)
 W‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫(א‬37)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ø 60 G7‫א‬،16MnCr 5 :‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
95mm‫א‬‫א‬،Z = 42 , m = 2.75mm
‫א‬،ø 95‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{ 10mm
Kø 95‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 
 

  (37)
 

36
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬{W{‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W{E٣٨F
 

 M=4 , zg=25 , zp=14 , dg=32 , dp=25 , b=35 , d2=38 , d1= 30, L=40 , D=54
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 

 

 
 E٣٨F
 
 
 
 
 
 

37
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

‫א‬‫ א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
EF،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
      
        ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K١
        K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٢
        K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬????‫א‬،
 K‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

38
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

39
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ISO‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤

 
%١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 12W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Data Show .١
  .٢
 
 W‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

40
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬ (N)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    E  F ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(I)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(K)‫א‬‫א‬(G)‫א‬‫א‬
 (1)‫א‬K(T)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 E1F
 

41
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W(Norminal value ,N)‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
،(Hole)‫א‬W(Shaft)‫ א‬ J٢
E‫א‬KKKKK،،،F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W(Upper tolerance ,Ao) ‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫ א‬ J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W(Lower tolerance ,Au)‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫ א‬ J٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W(Base line )‫א‬  J٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W(Upper limit ,G)‫א‬‫ א‬ J٦
G = N+AoW‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W(Lower limit ,K)‫א‬‫ א‬ J٧
K = N+AuW‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(Upper and Lower limit)‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٨
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W( Actual , I )‫א‬‫ א‬ J٩
  WK‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W( Allowable tolerance , T )‫א‬‫ א‬ J١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 T =Ao- Au T = G-K
 
(8)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W
 K(9) ‫א‬
 

42
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬
 (2 )‫א‬ISO‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 E٢F‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 E3F‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (µm )(mm)‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 

 E3F  E2F
 
 
 
 

43
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4F

 E4F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

44
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 (Fits of mating parts)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W(Clearance Fit )‫א‬  J١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K(5)‫א‬

(5)
 
‫א‬‫א‬W(Interference Fit )‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(6)‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬

45
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(6)‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ : (Transition Fit )‫א‬‫א‬  J٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K (7)‫א‬‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 
 (7)

46
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،H740mm‫א‬ø40 H7/f7‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ f7    40mm ‫א‬   
 K
،H720mm‫א‬ø20H7/r6‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬r6  20mm‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
(9),(8)E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

47
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ISO‫א‬E8F


 
 
 
 
 

48
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ISO‫א‬E9F
 

 
 
 
 
 

49
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬  J١
W
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬EH7H6F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬H٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ha‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬nj‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬zp‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
W‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
Eh6F‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 W‫א‬
 –= 
 –= 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 W‫א‬

50
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 –=‫א‬ 
 –=‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 –= 
 –=‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 – J١
 – J٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 WE١F
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬(ø 40 H8 / f7)
 
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬E9FE8F‫א‬W

  ø 40 H8= W‫א‬

 ø 40 f7 =  W‫א‬
 W‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 

51
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 – =(40+0.039)-(40-0.050)= 0.089mm

 –= (40+0)-(40-0.025)= 0.025mm
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 WE٢F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ø20H7/ r6
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬E8FE7F‫א‬W

 ø20 H7= W‫א‬

 ø20r6= W‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
 
 – = (20+0.021)-(20+0.028)= -0.007mm
 –= (20+0)-(20+0.041)= -0.041mm
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 

52
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬KKKKK‫א‬،‫א‬،،،F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE10F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬KKK‫א‬،،،F‫א‬ JA
 K‫א‬‫א‬ JB
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E10F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 

53
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬
 

 
 
RzRa‫א‬‫א‬
 


 (11)
 
 
 
 
 
 

54
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(12)‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Machining) 

‫א‬
 
  
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬ 
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
  
‫א‬O‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬   
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K  
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
 (12)
 
 
 
 
 

55
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ (N)‫א‬ (13)‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 (13)
 
 
 
 
 
 

56
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬(14,15,16)‫א‬
 

 
 (15) (14)
 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(16)

57
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  E‫א‬KKKK‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،F ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬         ‫א‬   ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
G ،  EF ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
  EC 35 EF W K(  V،‫א‬ N،‫א‬   K،
‫א‬‫א‬K 0.35%‫א‬
 K(17)
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
(600 HV 10)K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
10kg‫א‬
٦٠٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬
 ±0.3mm0.6mm

‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 (17)

58
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 EWeldingF‫א‬‫א‬
ISO ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫( א‬18)‫א‬
 2553
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬
 
 
 v‫א‬

‫א‬
V
 Y‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬
 Y
 U‫א‬
 

U‫א‬
 J
 ‫א‬
 

   
 ‫א‬
 

   
 

 (18)

59
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(19)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠F‫א‬
 

 
 (19)

60
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W(1) 
 K(20)‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 (20)
 W(2) 
 (21)‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 (21)

61
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W(1) 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 

62
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WE2F
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

63
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Rivets ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
K
‫א‬Rivet‫א‬

E‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬    ، ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
  { ‫א‬    Rivet  ‫א‬   K 
،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ (22 )‫א‬K‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  (24 ) ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

  
       ‫א‬  
 (22)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

64
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 (L)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬(s)‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ (1.2 , 1.4 , 1.5)‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
L ≈ 1.4S+D

        

 ‫ א‬         
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
(23)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

 
         
 ‫ א‬      ‫א‬    
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 (24)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

65
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
 K‫א‬‫א‬{E١٥mmF‫א‬‫א‬{E10mmF
 
‫א‬{E5mmF‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F
K‫א‬‫א‬{E7mmF‫א‬

66
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫ א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،KKKKKKKKKKKE‫א‬ FKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKE‫א‬ FKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ 
     

        K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
        K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
         K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
        K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
        K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬????‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 

67
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

68
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬EF


 ٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٤W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Data Show .١
  .٢
 
 W‫א‬
 ١١١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

69
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬F       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬    E ‫א‬ KKK ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ،‫א‬
     ‫א‬   ‫א‬  E ‫א‬F ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

، {  F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ E،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

(١) 

70
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(٢) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

(٣) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

71
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(٤) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

(٥) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

72
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

E٦F

 E٧F

73
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E٨F

 E٩F

74
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E١٠F

 E١١F

75
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E١٢F

76
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫ א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،KKKKKKKKKKKE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ FKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ FKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 
      
         ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
        ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
        ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
        ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬????‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

77
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

78
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤

 %١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٤W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Data Show .١
  .٢
 
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

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   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

       ‫א‬  (Cam) ‫א‬
(Cam)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Follower )‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  K(Follower)   
 K‫א‬‫א‬(1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬     (spring)  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEType of follower)‫א‬ J١
 K(Timing)‫א‬ J٢
 K(Manner of movement)‫א‬ J٣
 

(1)
  
 

 
 
 
 

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   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬
 K(2a)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K(2b)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K(2c)‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬
(3a , 3b…..3e )
 K(3a)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K(3b)‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K(3c)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K(3d)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K(3e)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥

   

(2a)  (2b) (2c)
 

  
 ‫א‬E3a)  ‫א‬E3b)  ‫א‬‫א‬E3c)

81
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
(Yoke)‫א‬E3d)  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3e)

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(4)‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

   
Knife Roller Mushroom  Flat-faced
      ‫א‬

 (4)
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (5)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

82
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
(5)
 
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦F‫א‬
 

 E٦F

83
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬(9, 8, 7)‫א‬‫א‬
  

 (7)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

84
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 (7)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 E٨F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 

85
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
Base Circle Dia=40mm 0O J 60O 12mm ‫א‬‫א‬
Hub Dia=20mm 60O - 90O 
O O
Shaft Dia=10mm 90 - 180 ‫א‬24mm ‫א‬‫א‬
Plate Thickness=12mm 180O - 210O 
O
Hub Thickness=20mm at 210 12mm‫א‬‫א‬
Key Way=2x2mm 210O - 240O 
 Follower Dia=6mm 240O -
360O 24mm ‫א‬‫א‬

 
W‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ J١

 
 
  
 
 
 

86
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

87
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫ א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،KKKKKKKKKKKE‫א‬‫א‬FKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKE‫א‬‫א‬FKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 
       
         ‫א‬‫א‬ K١
        ‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
        ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
        ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
        ‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
        ‫א‬ K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬????‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

88
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  

89
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 
 ٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٤W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 Data Show J١
  J٢
 
  W‫א‬
 ١١١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 

90
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Development‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬EF‫א‬
‫א‬،،‫א‬KKK
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬KKK
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (50mm)‫א‬(1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫(؟‬60mmF‫א‬
 

 
(١)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬hW‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬d
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
L = лd
L= 3.14x 50 =157 mm
 

91
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 (2)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(90°)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
,( h=70mm)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(45°)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (d= 50mm)
 

92
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 (3)‫א‬K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 (3)‫א‬ .(50mm)E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 (3)‫א‬K (12)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬=π d =3.14x50=157mm
K(12)E٣٠F‫א‬ J٧
 (3)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬ J٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ١‫א‬ ١٢‫א‬ J٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢ J١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬١٠ ، ٩‫א‬ J١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(3)‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬(12)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

93
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(3)

‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W
 ‫א‬‫א‬ γ =( d/l )*180
 ‫א‬ = π . d
 L=1 -١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
‫א‬
‫א‬(l)
K‫א‬
 (4) ‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
(4)

94
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(d=l=50mm)‫א‬W  
. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 W J١
γ = (50/50)*180=180º
=3.14*50=157mm
 ‫א‬
l=180mm J٢
‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬
(5) 
‫א‬ l=50mm
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K (5)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

 
  J٣
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 W
d1=40mm d=60m , h = 70mm

 W‫ א‬
W‫א‬ (6)‫א‬
C1‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬ = π d =3.14x 60=188.5
 C2‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬ = πd1 =3.14x 40=125.7
 γ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
γZ( d/l ).180

95
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 (6)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

96
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 
 W
 W(7) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
a=50mm ‫א‬
h=60mm ‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
(7) 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(l)
(a=50mmF‫א‬ J٣
 K(8) ‫א‬
 

97
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
(8)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

98
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫ א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
E F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 KE‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
      
         ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
        ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
        ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
        ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
        ‫א‬‫א‬ K٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬????‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

99
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬
 
  

100
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
K‫א‬ J٢
 
 %٨٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٤W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 Data Show J١
  J٢
 
  W‫א‬
 ١١١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

101
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬

 
 E١F

102
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬

 
 E٢F

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

103
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

 
 E٣F

 
 
 
 

104
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬

 
 E٤F

105
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W
‫א‬E٥F‫א‬
 KE٦F‫א‬K‫א‬

 E٥F

‫א‬
‫א‬E٦F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (7)‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

106
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 (٦)

 

 
 (٧) 

107
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W
(٩)‫א‬‫א‬(٨)‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬


 (٨)
 

 
 (٩)

108
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫ א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،KKKKKKKKKKKE‫א‬ FKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKE‫א‬ FKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
       
         ‫א‬‫א‬ K١
        ‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
        K‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬ K٤
       
‫א‬
        ‫א‬ K٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬????‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 

109
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬
  
Technical dra fting analysis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

110
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
K‫א‬ J٥
 
 
 %١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٤W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Data Show J١
  J٢
 
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

111
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Technical drafting analysis
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J١
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  J
E‫א‬KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ F ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬KKKK
K‫א‬‫א‬ J٤

112
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 
 WE١F
 KE8F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K(230mm)‫א‬‫א‬(100mm)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

113
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 
E8F 

114
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 WE٢F
 KE9F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(55mm)‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K(20mm)
،E٦F‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 KE٢F
 

115
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 (9)

116
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫ א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ،KKKKKKKKKKKE‫א‬‫א‬ FKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKE‫א‬‫א‬ FKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  
     

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
       
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
       
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
       
 K‫א‬
        K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
        K‫א‬ K٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬????‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

117
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

118
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 
 %١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٨W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Data Show J١
  J٢
 
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 

119
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
Detail drawing
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKK
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE1F‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

120
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
K‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
K‫א‬  J٤
K‫א‬  J٥
K‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
K‫א‬  J٧
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

121
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 (1)

122
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E1F
K‫א‬‫א‬E2AF‫א‬
 (2B)‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 KE2AF
 KE2BF‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 KE2BF‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K(4)E3F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 


 E2AF ‫א‬
 
 
 
 

123
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 
 


 (2B)
 

124
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 E3F‫א‬

125
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 E٤F‫א‬

126
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫(א‬5)‫א‬
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬W
 

 

 


 
 (5)‫א‬

127
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫( א‬6)‫א‬
 K‫א‬،EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬


 E٦F‫א‬

128
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫ א‬
   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬( ٧ )‫א‬
 W‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 E‫א‬‫א‬FE١F
 E٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 KE‫א‬F

129
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 E٧F

130
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 KEF(8)‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 E٣FE٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬
 

(8)

131
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W ‫א‬‫ א‬
 KEF(9)‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 E٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

 
 (9)

132
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F(10)‫א‬
 K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
 E‫א‬F
 

 
 (10)‫א‬
 

133
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

       ١  ٥
       ١  ٤
       ١  ٣
       ١  ٢
       ١  ١
L‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  W‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    
          ١W١    
               
 ‫א‬          ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
               
 ( ١١ )

134
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 W‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬-١
K‫א‬-٢
 K‫א‬-٣

 ( ١٢ )
 

135
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
K‫א‬‫א‬ -١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬W

 
( ١٣ )

136
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬( ١٤)‫א‬
 W‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬{
{W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W

 
 ( ١٤)

137
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬{‫א‬( ١٥)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
K‫א‬‫א‬ -١
KW‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬W

 
 ( ١٥ )

138
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬{‫א‬ ( ١٦ )‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K

 
( ١٦ )

139
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫ א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،KKKKKKKKKKKE‫א‬‫א‬FKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKE‫א‬‫א‬FKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  
     

        K‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
       
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬????‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 

140
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  
Assembly drawing  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

141
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤

 
 %١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ١٢W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Data Show J١
  J٢
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J

142
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
Assembly drawing

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ (FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS) 
‫א‬‫א‬  {‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ {‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 .(ASSEMBLY PROCESS PLANNINGF‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬
 
 ،‫א‬EFW
 K‫א‬KKKK،
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
 (1)K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
K (1)‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
K‫א‬‫א‬
KE1F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
،‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
K(2)K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

143
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E‫א‬KKKK‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬ J٧
‫א‬،‫א‬
.(2)K
‫א‬{٤٥○‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
KE2FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
KE‫א‬F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
 KE3F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
،‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٣
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬،
         K(6)


 E2F E1F 
 
 
 
 
144
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 KE3F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 KE3F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 KE4F‫א‬،‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 ،(8mm)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 KE4F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 KE5FE٤٥‫א‬‫א‬F
،‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 KE5F‫א‬،‫א‬
 

E3F 
 

E4F

145
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E5F

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

146
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
EAF

 
 
(6)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

147
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 KE7F{‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬(1)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
E‫א‬KKK{{{‫א‬،F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 EISO 4762 M 8 x 30‫א‬‫א‬FWKE ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE7F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬
 W،‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L
‫א‬E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

148
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬L
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
W{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬{

 

149
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
(7)

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬(8)‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 {‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
K ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

 
(8) ‫א‬

150
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬

 

 
 
 
 

 
(9) 
 
 
 

151
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬{‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  J

 
 
 

152
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
(1) ‫א‬


   
 
 (2) ‫א‬


 
 

153
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
(3) ‫א‬


   
 
 
 (4)‫א‬


 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 

154
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

155
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

 

 
 
 
 
 

156
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

157
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 W‫א‬{‫א‬(15)
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-١
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
 

 

(15)

158
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 KW‫א‬{‫א‬E١٦F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

 (16)

159
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{EF‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

( ١٧ ) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﺰﻣﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﻪ آﻤﺎ ﻳﺒﺪو‬

‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻄﻲ‬
F.V

160
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 W‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٢
. ‫ ﻗﻢ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻷﺟﺰاء ﻟﻬﺬﻩ اﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰة‬-٣

‫دﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬

(‫وردة )ﻓﻠﻜﺔ‬

 
( ‫)ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰة‬
 

 E١٨F

161
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W ‫א‬‫ א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E
‫א‬٣‫א‬‫א‬٢‫א‬
،٦‫א‬٥‫א‬
 K‫א‬٤‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

162
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 

 
 
 
 E١٩F
 
 

163
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬U‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ -١
‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 
 
 

 

 
   
   

 

 
 E٢٠F

164
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
{E٤F‫א‬E٣F‫א‬{E١F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٦F‫א‬E٥F‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬

 
 

165
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 


 

 

166
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 E٢١F
 
 
 
 
 

167
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 E٢٢F
 

168
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 W‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 

 
 E٢٣F

169
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬{{‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

 

 
 
 E٢٤F

170
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

171
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

172
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫ א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    ، KKKKKKKKKKKE‫א‬ ‫א‬FKKKKKKKKKK  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬     ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   E  F 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫ א‬FKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬  
     
 
        K‫א‬‫א‬  K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٢
       
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
        K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٣
        K‫א‬‫א‬  K٤

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬???? ‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 

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   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬
‫א‬

Manual of engineering drawing ,
Colin H. Simmons , Dennis E.Maguire, Neil Phlps ١
Third edition, 2004
Textbook of engineering drawing,K Venkate Reddy
٢
Second edition,2004
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ٣
http://www.nexacor.ca/cad/downloads/INDEX%20meca-E.pdf ٤
http://www1.gantep.edu.tr/~oyilmaz/Lecture%20Notes/ME%20114/CAM%
20DRAWING.pdf
٥

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