Title of research : research on hair conditioner

Location : Ahmadabad

Geographical area of investigation : Ahmadabad

Importance of investigation :

Now a days most of the people can use the conditioner for the smoothing the hair and protect
their hair from hair damages. The need of the hair conditioner arose technology development in
shampoo formulation which lead to efficient removal of sebum along with dirt and other
undesirable residues from the hair and scalp .sebum being the ideal hair conditioner had to be
replenished.

Therefore the need was felt for a synthetic sebum like substance which was able to minimize the
static electricity , increase hair shine ,volume and improve the hair manageability and also
maintain hair styling

There are several different that can be combined to achieve hair conditioner design for a given
hair type. Conditioner are essentially cationic system that for best effect are presented a
dispersion rather than solution.

Scope of the study :

The research is carried out to find the factor which influence the customer satisfaction level at
maximize level.

The study of customer satisfaction level is change with change in various factor.

The research will be helpful to know about what change the company have to make to higher
satisfaction level of customer.

For doing research the factor such technology , brand , look , various factor affecting customer
satisfaction level.

The research doing for study of consumer behavior bought conditioner.

There are various area which help to company to improve customer satisfaction level.
Review of literature :

This survey of recent literature relates to assessing hair damage, reducing dye allergy, increasing
and inhibiting hair growth, cleansing and conditioning hair, and more. The papers are presented
as food for thought in the early stages of the product development process, and may warrant
deeper investigation.

1) Monoethanolamine-based vs. ammonia-based colorant hair damage

According to the authors of this paper, the number of permanent hair color products utilizing 2-
aminoethanol [monoethanolamine (MEA)] in place of ammonia is increasing. The focus of this
work was understanding the relative hair damage caused by each, particularly at the upper use
limits of MEA. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements of cysteic acid levels
were paired with scanning electron microscopy photomicrographs to visualize cuticle damage
and protein loss.

All methods showed greater damage from MEA-based formulations—up to 85%, in the most
extreme case, versus ammonia. The authors, therefore, suggest minimizing the volatility of
ammonia to reduce its odor rather than replacing it with high levels of MEA.

2)Microscopic changes in Iranian hair from coloring, waving and ironing

This study examined the microscopic changes to hair caused by coloring, waving and hair
ironing. For the study, 154 Iranian women were recruited and categorized in four groups: a
control group (who had not treated hair within six months; a dyed hair group ; a waved hair
group and an ironed-hair group

Hair samples from all groups were examined microscopically and compared with the controls.
The rate of abnormal hair structure findings was 17.1% in the control group; 53.1% in the dyed
hair group; 45.7% in the waved hair group; and 54.3% in the ironed hair group.
3)Phenylenediamine with methoxymethyl side chain for reduced sensitization

The sensitizing capacity of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and p-toluylenediamine (PTD, i.e., 2-

methyl-PPD), used in oxidative hair dyes, are well-established. [For more on this, see Page 10 of
this issue.] However, modification of their molecular structure may impair their color
performance.

Here, the authors introduced a methoxymethyl side chain to the primary intermediate 2-
methoxymethyl-p-phenylenediamine (ME-PPD), and found it provided excellent hair-coloring
performance while significantly reducing sensitizing properties, compared with PPD and PTD.

4)Determining pheomelanin/eumelanin ratio in red hair

In this paper, the authors assess the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of red hair samples. At
a low microwave power, two spectra were observed: a singlet spectrum from eumelanin and a
triplet spectrum from pheomelanin. At high microwave power, however, only the triplet spectra
was detected, due to saturation of the eumelanin singlet.

Using different ratios of black to red hair, additional ESR spectra were plotted, and the
researchers found a linear relationship between the two parameters. This minimally invasive
method is therefore proposed to measure pheomelanin content in hair as well as skin—which
could be of interest because pheomelanin acts as a pro-oxidant upon exposure to UV radiation.

MicroRNAs in growth arrest/cell death of H2O2-treated dermal papilla cells identified

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that control biological processes by
interfering with the translation of target genes. According to these researchers, studies suggest
miRNAs are involved in cellular responses to H2O2, and such reactive oxygen species are
involved in hair malignancies.
In the present study, miRNA expression was profiled in human dermal papilla cells treated with
H2O2, and bioinformatic analyses showed that H2O2 response pathways related to growth arrest
and apoptosis were affected. According to the authors, identifying miRNAs and their targets may
offer therapeutic strategies for H2O2-induced hair follicle disorders.

5)Minoxidil suppresses androgen receptor functions

According to this research, minoxidil has been used for more than 20 years to treat androgenetic
alopecia but its mechanism is unknown. These authors hypothesized it may influence the
androgen-androgen receptor (AR) or its downstream signaling.

Tests described here revealed that minoxidil suppressed AR-related functions, in turn decreasing
AR transcriptional activity and reducing the expression of AR targets at the protein level, among
other activities. These findings suggest minoxidil could treat cancer and age-related diseases,
opening a new avenue for its applications.

Gingerol inhibits hair growth

In the presented work, the authors investigated the hair growth effects of 6-gingerol, the main
active in ginger, in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, hair follicles were co-cultured with three
concentrations of 6-gingerol for five days, and hair elongation was measured. Effects of the 6-
gingerol on dermal papilla cells (DPC) were measured using the MTT Assay, and the expression
of antibodies in DPCs were measured using Western blotting. In vivo, the influence of 6-gingerol
on hair growth was measured by topical application of the 6-gingerol to the dorsal skin of rats.

Overall, in vitro, hair shaft lengths were reduced with higher concentrations of 6-gingerol. Also,
the ingredient inhibited the proliferation of DPCs (p < 0.05). In vivo, hair length and density
decreased significantly with just 1 mg/mL of 6-gingerol.
6)Placental growth factor for hair growth
In this work, dermal papilla were isolated from human hair follicles and subcultured, and at
passages 1, 3 and 5 (n = 4), their gene expression profiles were compared using mRNA
sequencing. Among the growth factors down-regulated in later passages was placental growth
factor (PlGF), which was selected to further elucidate its effects on hair growth.

PlGF was shown to enhance hair shaft elongation ex vivo in hair organ cultures. It also
significantly accelerated hair follicle growth and prolonged anagen hair growth in an in vivo
model of depilation-induced hair regeneration. The authors suggest PlGF may therefore serve as
a therapeutic target for the treatment of alopecia.

Topical valproic acid increases hair count

According to this research, valproic acid (VPA), a widely used anticonvulsant, has been found to
activate pathways associated with hair growth and anagen induction. To assess its topical
efficacy, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out. Male
patients with moderate androgenetic alopecia (AGA) underwent treatment with either sodium
valproate, 8.3%, or a placebo spray for 24 weeks. The primary end-point for efficacy was the
change in hair count during treatment, assessed by phototrichogram analysis.

The mean change in total hair count was significantly higher in the VPA group than in the
placebo group (p = 0.047). Therefore, the authors propose VPA as a treatment option for AGA.
7)The role of prostaglandin D2 in male pattern baldness

As described in this work, the most diverse lipids in the body are found in the skin, and their
bioactivity is under-explored. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), in particular, has been identified at
elevated levels in the scalps of men with AGA. In relation, the enzyme prostaglandin D2
synthase (PTGDS or lipocalin-PGDS) produces PGD2, and is responsive in multiple other
organs as well. PGD2 has two known receptors, GPR44 and PTGDR, and the former has been
connected with the decrease in hair growth by PGD2.

According to these authors, the elucidation of these interactions opens new opportunities to
develop treatments for AGA, for example, by inhibiting the activity of PTGDS, PGD2 or
GPR44.

Shampoo review

Today’s shampoo products provide cleansing with added benefits such as conditioning,
smoothing and maintaining hair health. These authors reviewed various types of shampoos, the
nature of their ingredients and their claimed effects. Shampoos were evaluated in terms of
physical appearance, detergency, surface tension, foam quality, pH and viscosity, as well as
solids content, flow properties, dirt dispersion, cleansing action, stability, wetting time and
preparation methods. Patents and commercial value also are considered.

Shampoo compositions and deposition

This study aimed to determine factors affecting the performance of cationic polymers in
shampoo systems. Tests were conducted by varying the levels of three surfactants (sodium lauryl
ether sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate and cocamidopropyl betaine) in formulations containing
various cationic polymers—such as cassia derivatives of different charge densities, cationic guar
and cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose.

Results indicated that formulation compositions dramatically affected silicone and cationic
polymer deposition. Three specific parameters were most important to deposition, namely ionic
strength, surfactant (micelle) charge and total amount of surfactant.

Hair follicle stem cell research: Current knowledge and future challenges

In this work, the authors explain that epithelial hair follicle stem cells (eHFSCs) generate,
maintain and renew the hair follicle (HF), supplying cells to produce the keratinized hair shaft
and aiding in the re-epithelialization of injured skin. However, human eHFSCs are much less
understood than their murine counterparts, and it is unclear which murine eHFSC markers really
apply to the human HF. Here, the authors review human eHFSC biology and related molecular
markers, and consider unmet key challenges remaining to transfer emerging concepts from
murine epithelial stem cell biology to human HF physiology and pathology.
History of hair conditioner :

For a century natural oils have used to condition human hair . A conditioner popular which
men in the late Victorian era was Makassar oil ,but this product was quite greasy and required
planning a small cloth , known as antimacassar to chairs and safas to keep the upholstery from
being damage by Makassar oil.

Modern hair conditioner was created at the turn of the 20th century perfumer Eduard pinaud
presented a product he called brilliantine at the 1900 exposition in Paris. His product was intend
to saften ,men hair including beard and mustache . since the investigation of Pinaud early
product ,modern services has advanced the hair conditioner industry to include the made with
fatty alcohol.

Hair conditioner is different from crème rinse . a crème rinse is simply a detangle that has a
thinner conditioner as its names implies. Hair conditioner is thicker liquid that coats the cuticle
of hair itself.

Research gap identity :

Lots of work done on consumer buying behavior as regard hair conditioner but I m came across
that cover the buying behavior of female only. All the study related to hair conditioner include
both male as well as female .
Objective of study :

The primary objective of study to know the satisfaction level of customer using hair conditioner.

To find out in which area need to improved and need of customer

To get results of customer satisfaction level using different brands of hair conditioner.

To find out competitor strength and weakness.

Research methodology :-

Type of Research: Quantitative Method

The educational research methodology is an expanding area and, for a small group, it is
necessary to concentrate to the most important methods on this field. The advanced statistical
methods need a lot of work to be fully understood. Only to understand the assumptions and the
purpose of the model needs research work and practical experiments. Different applications of
the same model need a larger understanding and, at the highest level, modifications of the model,
and to develop a better model need a huge amount of work. Some new models, for instance, the
path models and multilevel models, in which the development is very fast, it takes time and
resources only to keep up with the fast developing knowledge at the international level.

Quantitative research is often contrasted with qualitative research, which is the examination,
analysis and interpretation of observations for the purpose of discovering underlying meanings
and patterns of relationships, including classifications of types of phenomena and entities, in a
manner that does not involve mathematical models. Quantitative research using statistical
methods starts with the collection of data, based on the hypothesis or theory. Usually a big
sample of data is collected – this would require verification, validation and recording before the
analysis can take place
Sources of information :

1) Household
2) Student

Sample size ;

Sample technique : questionnaire

Questionnaire about buying behavior on hair conditioner.

Name *

Your answer :

Age *
 15 to 21
 22 to 28
 29 to 36
 Above 36

Gender *

a) Male
b) Female

Occupation *
a)student
b)household
c)working women

do you use hair conditioner ?*

a)yes
 b) no

if yes than fill section A

1) Which brand of hair conditioner do you use ?*

A)Pentene
b )Tressemme
c) LOREAL
d) dove
e) other

2) Which hair conditioner do you use ?

a) local

b) branded

3) What is your opinion about hair conditioner ?

a) luxury

b) necessity

c) both

4) Reason for buying and using hair conditioner

a) fashion

b) health point of view

c) satisfaction (psychological)

d) damage hair

5) What factor do you consider while purchasing hair conditioner ?

a) brand

b) price

c) quality
 d) packaging

e) other

6) From which source do you aware about the hair conditioner ?

a) shopkeeper

b) friends

c) media

d) doctor

e) other

7) From where do you purchase hair conditioner ?

a) general store

b) online

c) other

8) Do you regularly use same brand of hair conditioner ?

a) yes

b) no

if No than give reason

a) Price change
b) New brand introduce
c) Product improvement
d) Advertising intensity

Any suggestion :