Index: Chapter No. Chapter Name Page No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

INDEX
IIT JAM – INORGANIC PRACTICE BOOK
CHAPTER NO. CHAPTER NAME PAGE NO.
1 Atomic Structure and Periodicity 1
2 Chemical Bonding 16
3 S-Block 76
4 P-Block 88
5 Coordination Chemistry 179
6 D-Block 275
7 Organometallic 287
8 Bio-inorganic Chemistry 327
9 Acid Base 353
10 Nuclear Chemistry 366
11 Extraction of Elements 377
12 Analytical Chemistry 383
13 Instrumental Methods of Analysis 405

CHAPTER
ATOMIC STRUCTURE & PERIODICITY
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQ)
1. Which of the following species are isoelectronic pairs: 10. The principal quantum number (n) tells about the radius
(a) NH2- and H3O +
(b) NH3 and H3O +
of an orbit (Rn). How is the n related with Rn ?
(c) BH2 and N (d) CN- and N2+ (a) Rn ∝ n2 (b) Rn ∝ n
2 2 6 2 6 2
2. For an electronic configuration 1s , 2s ,2p , 3s ,3p , (c) Rn ∝1/ n (d) Rn ∝ 1/n
5 1
3d ,4s the block and group number are: 11. Which of the following are pairs of amphoteric oxides:
th th
(a) d block , 5 group (b) s block , 6 group (a) ZnO and SnO (b) N2O and SiO2
th st
(c) d block , 6 group (d) s block , 1 group (c) B2O3 and CO2 (d) NO and CaO
3. The IUPAC name and symbol for the element having 12. Which of the following anion is less stable?
Atomic number= 105 (a) Be- (b) Li-
-
(a) Ununpentium (uup) (c) O (d) C-
(b) unnilpentium (unp) 13. How many electrons can be filled in 4th shell and 4p
(c) nilunpentium (nup) subshell respectively:
(d) ennnilpentium (unp) (a) 10 and 6 (b) 14 and 2
4. Select the correct electronic configuration of Chromium (c) 16 and 6 (d) 18 and 6
+2 *
(Cr) and Cr respectively : (Given Atomic No of Cr = 24 ) 14. What is the the Z for the s and d electron of Zinc
2 4 +2
(a) Cr = [Ar] 4s 3d and Cr = [Ar] 3d 4 respectively?
(a) 4.35 and 8.85 (b) 3.65 and 6.15
(b) Cr = [Ar] 4s1 3d5 and Cr+2 = [Ar] 4s1 3d3
(c) 5.35 and 8.15 (d) 3.85 and 6.85
(c) Cr = [Ar] 4s1 3d5 and Cr+2 = [Ar] 3d4
15. Select the correct ionic radius of any element A?
(d) Cr = [Ar] 4s2 3d4 and Cr+2 = [Ar] 4s2 3d2
(a) A- >A > A+ >A2+ (b) A> A+>A2+ > A-
5. For n = 1 , what are the allowed values of l and ml :
(c) A2+>A+>A>A- (d) A+>A2+>A>A-
(a) l = 1 , ml = -1 (b) l = 1, ml=0
16. Among the following pair which have nearly the same
(c) l = 0, ml = 1 (d) l=0, ml= 0
ionic radii?
6. Which of the following set of quantum numbers are not
(a) N and P (b) B and Al
possible for 5g orbital?
(c) Be and Mg (d) Zr and Hf
(a) n=5, l=4 , m=4, s=+1/2 (b) n=5, l=0,m=0, s=-1/2
17. Among the following ions which has highest ionic
(c) n=5, l=2 , m=3,s=+1/2 (d) n=5 , l=4, m=-4 , s=-1/2
mobility in aqueous solution?
7. Which of the following set of quantum n, l, m, s
(a) Li+ (b) Mg+2
respectively are not possible?
(c) Na+ (d) K+
(a) 3, 2, 2, 1/2 (b) 4, 3, 3, 1/2
18. The correct order of increasing atomic size or ionic size
(c) 3, 2,-1,-1/2 (d) 3, 3, 2, 1/2
(a) K+<Ca+2<Se+2 (b) Cl<Mg<Ca
8. Which of the following atomic orbital electron is filled
+ +2 -
(c) Na <Mg <Cl (d) S2-> O2->As3-
first among the others?
19. Which of the following ionic size order of these species is
(a) 5d (b) 4f
correct?
(c) 7s (d) 6p (a) S2->S4- (b) Mn+7>Mn
9. The maximum number of electrons in any principal shell (c) Mn+2<Mn (d) S>S2-
‘n’ is given by: 20. Total no of nodes in 5d orbital?
(a) n2 (b) (2n+1)2 (a) 4 (b) 2
(c) 2n2 (d) 2n (c) 1 (d) 3
2 IIT JAM - INORGANIC PRACTICE BOOK
21. Which of the following ions, has the highest polarizing (a) Greater than (b) equal
power? (c) Lesser than (d) not fixed.
+ 2+
(a) Na (b) Ca 33. The electron gain enthalpy is lower i.e less negative or
(c) Mn3+ (d) Mn2+ positive for:
2
22. The electronegativity formula = (0.359*Zeff/r ) + 0.744 (a) Alkali metals (b) Alkaline earth metals
where r is in angstrom is given by which scale: (c) Halogens (d) Nitrogen family
(a) Pauling Scale (b) Mulliken Scale 34. Correct order of electron affinities
(c) Allred -Rochow Scale (d) Hanney and Smith (a) Cl>Na>Si>Ar (b) Cl>Si>Na>Ar
23. Which of the following species is more electronegative? (c) Si>Cl Ar >Na (d) Ar>Si>Cl>Na
-
(a) O (b) O 35. Electron gain enthalpy of fluorine is………..
2- +
(c) O (d) O (a) Less negative (b) less positive
24. Which of the following is the correct order of basic (c) more positive (d) more negative
strength of hydroxides ? 36. In which of the following reaction ΔH is positive?
(a) LiOH <NaOH<KOH<CsOH (a) F(g) + e- F-
-
(b) CsOH<KOH<NaOH<LiOH (b) O(g) + e O-
(c) LiOH <KOH<CsOH<NaOH (c) Cl(g) + e- Cl-
(d) LiOH <NaOH<CsOH<KOH (d) O-(g) + e- O2-
25. The correct order of ionisation energy to remove the 37. Which of the following scale relate I.E and E.A to give the
electron from s,p,d,f orbitals electronegativity?
(a) s>p>d>f (b) s<p<d<f (a) Mulliken scale (b) Allred rochow scale
(c) p<d<f<s (d) f<p<s<d (c) Hanney and Smith (d) Pauling scale
26. Which of the following has the highest first ionisation 38. The correct order of covalent character in KCl, CaCl2
energy? ,AlCl3, SiCl4 ?
(a) F (b) N (a) SiCl4>AlCl3>CaCl2>KCl (b) SiCl4<AlCl3<CaCl2<KCl
(c) O (d) Ne (c) AlCl3>SiCl4>CaCl2>KCl (d) SiCl4 >CaCl2 >AlCl3>KCl
27. Which electronic configuration of an atom represents the 39. Among the following which has lowest electronegativity?
lowest second ionization energy? (a) Mn+2 (b) Mn+5
(a) 1s22s1 (b) 1s22s22p63s1 (c) Mn (d) Mn+7
(c) 1s22s22p63s2 (d) 1s22s22p6 40. Which of the following anion of oxygen has more
28. Among the following, the correct increasing order of electron gain enthalpy?
ionization energy is? (a) O (b) O-
(a) Li<Na<K<Rb<Cs (b) Na<K<Li<Rb<Cs (c) O2- (d) O3-
(c) Cs<Rb<K<Na<Li (d) Rb<Cs<K<Na<Li
29. Among, the following, the correct increasing order of
ionization energy is?
(a) N<O<F<Ne (b) F<O<N<Ne ANSWER KEY
(c) O<N<F<Ne (d) NeN<O<F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
30. Which of the following ion has the highest ionization c c b c d c d b c a
energy? 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
(a) Li+ (b) Ne+
a a c a a d d b c a
(c) O+ (d) F+
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31. Which of the following relations about ionization energy
c c d a a d c c c a
is correct?
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
(a) N2>O2 and N>O (b) N2>O2 and N<O
a a b b d d a a c a
(c) N2<O2 and N>O (d) N2<O2 and N<O
32. The second ionization energy of an element is …………. the
first ionization energy.
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Chapter – 1 Atomic Structure & Periodicity 3
PART 2 (a) NO (b) CO
1. Which of the following elements has the largest atomic (c) BO (d) SO
radius? 13. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle expressed as:
(a) Be (b) C (a) Δp Δx > h / 2π (b) Δp Δx < h / 4π
(c) N (d) F (c) Δp Δx < h / 2π (d) Δp Δx > h / 4π
2. The valence electronic configuration of Cr atom (At. no. 14. Specify which among the following statements describe
24) in its ground state is: uncertainty principle.
1 5 5 1
(a) 4s 3d (b) 3d 4s (a) No two electrons-in an atom can have the same set of
(c) 4s1 3d4 (d) 3d4 4s2 four quantum numbers.
3. The largest ionization energy is found with: (b) It is impossible to determine simultaneously the
(a) alkali metals (b) alkaline earth metals velocity and momentum of an object with certainty.
(c) halogens (d) inert gases (c) Matter like radiation exhibit a dual behavior
(d) It is impossible to simultaneously determine position
4. In Planck's hypothesis E = h𝜈, E is the energy of:
and momentum of an object with
(a) a photon (b) a hydrogen atom
15. The ionization energy of hydrogen atom in ground state
(c) one electron (d) one H2 molecule
is 13.6 eV. The ionization energy of Li2+ in ground state
5. Which one of the following species is not isoelectronic
would be:
with N2?
(a) 1.51 eV (b) 4.53 eV
(a) CN- (b) NO
(c) 40.8 eV (d) 122.4 eV
(c) CO (d) CS
16 The region in which the following spectral lines are
6. The ground state electronic configuration of iron is
observed is
[Ar]3d6 4s2. The electronic configuration of ferric ion
P. Lyman series Q. Balmer series R. Paschen series
is:
(a) P - UV, Q - UV/Vis, R - IR
(a)[Ar]3d6 4s0 (b)[Ar]3d5 4s0
(b) P - UV/Vis, Q - UV, R - IR
(c)[Ar]3d44s2 (d)[Ar]3d34s2
(c) P-IR, Q - UV, R - Vis/IR
7. Among the following the one that is not an amphoteric
(d) P - UV, Q - IR, R - UN/Vis
oxide is:
17. Which of the following substances will produce acidic
(a) Al2O (b) MgO
oxides when burnt in excess air?
(c) ZnO (d) SnO
Sodium (P), Sulfur (Q) and Methane (R)
8. The minimum uncertainty in the speed of an electron in
(a) All three (b) Both Q and R
a one-dimensional box of length 10-10 m is:
(c) Only Q (d) Both P and R
(a) 510 ms-1 (b) 580 kms-1
18. If the ground state ionization energy of the hydrogen
(c) 116O kms-1 (d) 5800kms-1
atom is denoted by δ, then the energy required to ionize
9. The longest wavelength transition in the Rainier series of
an electron from the 3d energy level of the hydrogen
atomic hydrogen is:
atom is:
(a) 656.5 nm (b) 6564.7 nm
(a) (b)
(c) 15233 nm (d) 65647 nm
10. The wavelength possessed by cricket ball of mass, 1 kg': (c) (d)
-1
travelling with velocity of 40 ms is: 19. The ionization energy follows the order:
(a) 1.66 X 10-38 m (b) 1.66 X 10-35 m (a) O2+ > O2 > O2- > O22- (b) O2 > O2+ > O22-> O2-
(c) 2.65 X 10-32 m (d) 1.66 X 10-33 m (c) O2- > O22- > O2+ > O2 (d) O22- > O2 > O2- > O2+
11. The function cos (ax) is an eigen function of d2/dx2 with 20. A molecular electronic excited state has a life time of 10 -
an eigen value of: 9
s, the uncertainty in measuring the frequency (Hz) of the
2
(a) -a (b) -a electronic transition is approximately:
(c) a (d) -a-2 (a) × 10 (b) × 10
12. The heteronuclear diatomic molecule that is
(c) × 10 d) × 10
isoelectronic to HCN is:
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21. The ions with lowest and highest radii among O 2-, F-, Na+ 3. Which of the following properties increase down the
2+
and Mg are respectively,: group
2+ 2- 2- -
(a) Mg and O (b) O and F (a) Atomic Radii
(c) O2- and Mg2+ (d) Na+ and Mg2+ (b) Polarising Power of anion
+ - 2+ 3+
22. The ionic size of Na , F , Mg and Al varies as: (c) Basic nature of oxides.
3+ 2+ + - 3+ 2+ + -
(a) Al > Mg > Na > F (b) Al < Mg < Na < F (d) Ionisation Potential
3+ 2+ - + + - 3+ 2+
(c) Al > Mg > F > Na (d) Na > F > Al > Mg 4. Which ion is isoelectronic with F– ?
23. A ball of mass 330 g is moving with a constant speed, and (a) Li+ (b) N3–
its associated de Brogue wavelength is lx 10-33m. The (c) Ca2+ (d) O2–
speed of the ball is__________m/s. 5. What is the possible value of ml for given set of quantum
24. Molecules that are not isoelectronic to NO2+ are: number n=3 , l=1, ml=?
(a) CO2 and N3- -
(b) NCO and H3BCN -
(a) 0 (b) +1
(c) BO2- and propyne (d) OF2 and O3- (c)-1 (d) 2
25. For a 4-orbital of hydrogen atom, the magnetic quantum 6. For an electron have magnetic quantum number value =
number (m,) is: -1 , this electron can be present in
(a) 4 (b) 3 (a) s orbital (b) p orbital
(c) 1 (d) 0 (c) d orbital (d) f orbital
26. The azimuthal. Quantum number (l) of an electron in the 7. What will be the two possible sets of quantum number
2
dz orbital of a copper atom. (atomic number: 29) is: to describe an electron in a 3p atomic orbital
27. The correct order of the, first ioñization energies of He, (a) n=3, l=2 , m=0, s =+1/2
B, N and O in their corresponding ground state is: (b) n=3, l=1,m=2, s=+1/2
(a) He > N > O > B (b) O > N > B > He (c) n = 3, l=1 , m=-1 ,s =-/1/2
(c) He > B > N > O (d) N > O > B > He (d) n=3 , l=1 , m=+1 , s= +1/2
8. Which of the following sets of quantum numbers (n,l,m,s)
ANSWER KEY are possible arrangement?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (a) 4,1,0,+1/2 (b) 3,2,-2,-1/2
a b d a b, d b b b a b (c) 3,2,-3,+1/2 (d) 4,4,2,+1/2
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 9. What are the possible vale of magnetic quantum number
b b d d d a a b a d for n=3?
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 (a) 3 (b) +2
a b 2 m/s d d 2 a (c) -2 (d) +1
10. Which of the following properties are correct regarding
MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTIONS (MSQ) the modern periodic table?
1. What are the demerits of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table? (a) Actinoids belongs to the main group of periodic table.
(b) In periodic table 18 groups are present.
(a) Position of hydrogen is uncertain
(c) 17th group belongs to halogens
(b) No regular trend in increasing of atomic mass down
(d) There are separate position of isotopes in periodic
the group.
table.
(c) Anomalous positions of lanthanides and actinides in 11. The elements which belong to the f block in periodic
periodic table. table?
(d) More elements was yet to be known. (a) Sb (b) Ce
2. Choose the incorrect statement: (c) Gd (d) Os
(a) Vander waal radius are greater than covalent radius. 12. Among the following statements, which one of the
(b) Polarising power of the cation increase down the following is incorrect?
group. (a) Electronegativity of fluorine is greater than oxygen.
(c) Polarising power of the anion decrease down the (b) On going right in a period atomic size decreases, due
group. to increase in effective nuclear charge.
(d) Hydration tendency of ions increase down the group.
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(c) Mn+2 has smaller size than Mn+7 (c) dz2 have more shielding power than other orbitals.
(d) The Al+3and Mg+2 are isoelectronic species but first (d) d orbitals have less shielding power than s and p
one is larger than the second. orbitals.
13. The chemistry of Be relates with chemistry of Al because; 22. According to mulliken scale electronegativity depends
Which of the reason are not correct? upon?
(a) They belong to the same period. (a) Ionisation Potential (b) Electron affinity
(b) They have same ionization potential. (c) Atomic Radii (d) Size of Hydrated ion
(c) They belong to same group. 23. According to Allred Rochow scale, Electronegativity
(d) The ratio of their charge to size is nearly same. depends upon?
14. The correct statement about d -block elements are? (a) Covalent radius (b) Ionization potential
(a) They all are metals. (c) Effective nuclear charge (d) Electron affinity.
(b) They show variable valency. 24. Which of the following statement is correct?
(c) They have strong tendency to gain electrons. (a) The second ionization energy of O is greater than that
(d) All these elements have fully filled (n-1)d orbitals of second ionization than second ionization potential
15. Which of the following physical quantities are related of N.
with principal quantum number? (b) Halogens have highest ionisation potential in
(a) Energy (b) Radius of orbit respective period.
(c) Angular momentum (d) magnetic moment. (c) Successive ionization energy decreases
16. Choose the correct ionic radii relation (d) The second ionization energy is maximum for Li in
(a) Na+ >Mg+2 >Al+3 (b) Fe+3>Fe+2>Fe+ respective period.
(c) H->O2->F- (d) O2->F->N3- 25. Zr and Hf have nearly same size because
17. Which of the following order is correct? (a) They belong to same period.
(a) Electronegativity Order : Mo(II)>Mo(III)>Mo(IV) (b) Due to lanthanide contraction.
(b) Electronegativity Order : Fe(I)<Fe(II)<Fe(III) (c) Due to poor shielding of f orbitals.
(c) Ionic radius :Mo(II)<Mo(III)<Mo(IV) (d) Due to poor shielding of d orbitals.
(d) Ionic Radius: Fe(III)<Fe(II)<Fe(I) 26. Which of the following pair of elements are metalloids?
18. The series with correct order of decreasing ionization (a) B, Si (b) Ge , As
energy (c) Sn,I (d) In,Tl
(a) Li>Na>K>Rb (b) Ne>F>N>O 27. Electron gain enthalpy will be positive in
(c) Ne>N>O>F (d) Rb>K>Na>Li (a) O-3 is formed from O-2 (b) S-1 is formed from S.
19. Which of the following statement is correct? -
(c) Na is formed from Na. (d) O-2 is formed from O-.
(a) Ionisation energy is independent of ionic radii 28. Which of the following are correct regarding size?
(b) Energy is released when electron is added to an (a) Zn>Cu (b) N>O
isolated gaseous atom. (c) B>C (d) Ga>Al
(c) Ionisation energy decreases with increase in atomic 29. The reason for higher ionization energies of 5d transition
radii. series are?
(d) Electron gain enthalpy is always positive. (a) High shielding power of d orbitals
20. Which of the following statement is correct? (b) High effective nuclear charge
(a) S orbitals have more penetration power than p,d,f (c) Smaller size of atoms
orbitals. (d) Low effective nuclear charge.
(b) S orbitals are directional 30. Which of the following statement is correct?
(c) P orbitals are directional. (a) Cl has highest negative electron gain enthalpy.
(d) Centre of symmetry is not present in s orbitals (b) Fluorine is the 2nd most electronegative element.
21. Which of the following statement is incorrect about the (c) Helium has the highest ionization energy.
d orbitals? (d) Helium is the smallest element in periodic table.
(a) All d orbitals are similar.
(b) Planer node is present in all d orbital.
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ANSWER KEY ANSWER KEY
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
a, b, c, d b, c, d a, b, c b, d a, b, c 3.45 4.55 3 3 18 32 8 7 75 3
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
b, c, d c, d a, b b, c ,d b, c 0 3 16 16 3.72
11 12 13 14 15
b, c c, d a, b ,c a, b a, b
16 17 18 19 20
a, c b, d a, b b, c a, c
21 22 23 24 25
a, b a, b a, c a, d b, c
26 27 28 29 30
a, b a, d a, b, c b, c a, c, d
NUMERICAL ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (NAT)

1. For a electron configuration (1s2) (2s2, 2p4). By using
slater’s rule, what will be the shielding constant for 2p
electron………………… ?
2. What will be the effective nuclear charge in Ist question
…………?
3. Among the 2s, 3s, 4s, 3p, 5d, 1s, 4p, 3d orbitals, how
many of these orbitals have 2 radial node?
4. Among the 2s, 3s, 4s, 3p, 5p, 1s, 4p, 3d orbitals, how
many of these have 1 angular node?
5. How many electrons can be attributed in 5g subshell?
6. How many electrons can present in all subshells (fully
filled) having condition n+l = 7?
7. Number of protons in 7N15…….
8. If the value of l varies from 0 to n+1, then how many
subshells are present in 5th shell?
9. If there are three spin quantum number +½, 0, -1/2
possible, then how many electrons can be present in 5th
shell?
10. Among the following , number of species which are
isoelectronic with N2 CO,O2- , NO+ , CN- , NO, C2-
11. How many unpaired electrons are present in Cu+1 ?
12. What is the group number of an element which have
atomic number =23?
13. Find out the group of the element having the electronic
configuration 1s2 , 2s2 2p6, 3s2 3p6 3d10,4s24p4
14. How many electrons can be present having n = 4, s=+1/2
in all atomic orbitals?
15. Ionisation energy and electron affinity of fluorine are
respectively 17.42 and 3.45 eV. Calculate
electronegativity of fluorine atom.
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PART 1
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTION
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION (MCQ)
1. Solution: The isoelectronic species are those which have 8. Solution: The electrons in atomic orbitals are filled
same number of valence electron. BH2 and N both have 7 according to Aufbau priniciple which state that less value
valence electron. So, they are isoelectronic pairs. of n+l, will fill first. But if value of n+l became same then,
Option (c) is correct answer. the orbital having low value of n will fill first.
x y
2. Solution: The electronic configuration ns (n-1)d is of d 4f orbital option (b) will fill first.
block elements. Group number can be given as x+y. So 9. Solution: Number of orbitals in a shell n is given by n2.
2 2 6 2 6 5 1
1s , 2s ,2p , 3s ,3p , 3d ,4s is a d block element. Group One orbital occupy 2 electrons. n2 orbitals can contain
number = 5+1 =6 2n2 electrons.
Option (c) is correct answer. Option (c) is the correct answer.
3. Solution: IUPAC naming of elements having atomic 10. Solution: The relation between principal quantum
number greater than 100 can be done using this table For number and Rn is Rn= 0.529 n2/z
105 the IUPAC name will be unnilpentium (unp), ium is Option (a) is the correct answer.
used as suffix. 11. Solution: ZnO and PbO are ampotheric oxides.
Option (b) is the correct answer. Option (a) is correct answer.
0 nil n 12. Solution: Beryllium (Be) has stable electronic
2 2
1 un u configuration 1s 2s . When it becomes the anion the
2 bi b electronic configuration becomes 1s2 2s2 2p1. The stable
electronic configuration no more exist. So the Be- is less
3 tri t
stable.
4 quad q
Option (a) is correct answer.
5 pent p
13. Solutions: Number of electron in n shell is given by n2 , so
6 hex h
number of electron in 4th shell =42 = 16
7 sept s Number of orbital in 4p subshell =2(l)+1= 2*1+1=3
8 oct o Number of electron can filled in 4p subshell is 2*3 =6
9 enn e Option (c) is the correct answer.
14. Solutions: Zn30= 1s2/2s2 2p6/3s23p63d10/4s2
4. Solution: The electronic configuration for Cr= [Ar] 4s1 3d5 (i) For electron present in 4s orbital
as it is stable half-filled d orbital configuration. The (1) The remaining electron present in same shell will
removal of electron will be first from 4s orbital so shield by the factor of 0.35 each σ = 0.35*1 = 0.35
4
electron configuration will be [Ar] 3d (2) Each electron in (n-1) shell or penultimate shell shield
Option (c) is correct answer by factor of 0.85
5. Solution: The value of l can be 0 to n-1 so value of l for n σ = 0.85*18 + 10*1 = 25.3
= 1 is 0 ml can be from -l to +l. For l = 0, ml = 0 Total σ =25.3 + 0.350 = 25.65
Option (d) is correct answer. Zeff = Z – σ = 30-25.65 = 4.35
6. Solution: Value of l varies from 0 to n-1, value of m varies (ii) For electron present in 3d
from -I to +l Option (c) is not possible, because for l=2, m σ 3d =9*0.35 + 18*1 =21.15
cannot be 3 Zeff = Z –σ
7. Solution: option d is not possible, as value of l can never = 30-21.15
be equal to n. l value varies from 0 to n-1 so for n =3, l = 8.85,
can be 0, 1, 2 Option (a) is the correct answer.
Option (d) is the correct answer. 15. Solution: More the negative charge on a species more
will be the radius. More the positive charge on a species
smaller will be the radius The positive charge shows that
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electrons is less than protons, so effective nuclear charge 24. Solution: The ionisation enthalpy decreases down the
by nucleus on electrons is more , which decreases the group, the M-OH bonds becomes weak when we go
size. down the group. Due to this release of OH becomes easy
Option (a) is correct answer. down the group.
16. Solutions: Zr and Hf are of comparable size because of Option (a) is correct answer.
the lanthanide contraction. Due to the poor shielding of 25. Solutions: An s orbitals electron penetrates closer to
f subshell, the attraction on outermost shell electrons by nucleus, and is therefore more tightly bound to the
nucleus increases and thus the size of Hf decreases and nucleus than a p electron. Similarly p orbital’s electrons
become comparable of Zr. are more tightly held to nucleus than d orbital.
Option (d) is correct answer. Thus, the ionisation energies are in the order s>p>d>f.
17. Solutions: The ions which have high charge and smaller Option (a) is the correct answer.
radii have tendency to hydrate more. 26 Solutions: The ionisation is the removal of an electron
The hydrated ions have less ionic mobility because of from gaseous atom or ion. Ne has stable noble gas
high hydrated radius. configuration 1s2, 2s2, 2p6. Removal of electron from
+2
Mg will hydrate more so have less ionic mobility. these configuration requires very high energy.
+
K will be least hydrated and have high value of ionic Option (d) is correct answer.
mobility. 27. Solution: The ionization energy is lowest for that atom in
Option (d) is the correct answer. which the electronic configuration become noble gas
th
18. Solution: Ca is of 4 period element, so bigger in size tha electronic configuration after the removal of two
Mg and Cl. Among Cl and Mg, the both are from 3rd electrons. In option (c) after removal of 2nd electron it
period. Ongoing left to the period the atomic size attains noble gas electronic configuration.
decreases because increase in effective nuclear charge. Option (c) is the correct answer.
So, size of Cl<Mg. So, option b is correct. 28. Solution: As, we go down the group the atomic size
19. Solution: More the negative charge on a species more increases. The outermost electrons goes far from the
will be the radius effect of nuclear charge as the size increases. So, the
More the positive charge on a species smaller will be the removal of electrons become easy down the group and
radius requires low ionization energy. Hence, we can say
Option (c) is the correct answer. Ionisation energy decreases down the group.
20. Solutions: Total no of nodes = radial nodes + angular Option (c) is the correct answer.
nodes 29. Solution: Ne has stable noble electronic configuration
Radial node = n-l-1= 5-2-1=2 and have very high ionization energy. F is most
Angular node = l=2 electronegative element and tendency to gain the
Total nodes =2+2 = 4 electrons. Among N and O, N has high ionization energy
Option (a) is the correct answer. because of its stable half-filled electronic configuration
21. Solutions: According to the fajan’s rule more the charge 1s2, 2s2, 2p3. Removal of an electron from this
on cation more will be the polarising power of that configuration requires high ionization energy than
+3
cation. So, Mn has more polarising power. oxygen.
Option (c) is the correct answer. Option (c) is the correct answer.
22. Solutions: The electronegativity formula = 30. Solution: Li+ has stable inert gas configuration 1s2.
(0.359*Zeff/r2) + 0.744 where r is in angstrom is given by Removal of an electron from these 1s2 requires very high
which scale: (a) Allred -Rochow Scale energy.
23. Solution: Oxygen is electronegative species and if one Option (a) is the correct answer.
electron further remove from an electronegative species 31. Solution: Removal of electrons from a diatomic orbitals
it becomes more electronegative. can be understood by MOT diagram. The ionization
Electronegativity is directly proportional to the positive energy of O2 is less than N2, because in O2 the HOMO is
oxidation state. antibonding
Option d is correct answer.
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37. Solution: Mulliken simply considers the electronegativity
as the average of Ionisation potential and electron
affinity of that element.
 = [E.A + I.E]/2
Option (a) is the correct answer.
38. Solutions: The covalent character in an ionic compound
is tell by Fajan’s Rule. More the charge on cation more
will be the polarizibilty and more will be the covalent
character.
39. Solution: Smaller the size of element, more is the
tendency to gain electronegativity. Among the following
Mn has larger size, has low ability to attract the electrons,
thus it is least electronegative.
Removal of an electron from antibonding is easy as
Option (c) is the correct answer.
compared to bonding orbitals. Among N and O, N has
40. Solutions: The negative charge on oxygen atom
high ionization energy because of its stable half-filled
disfavours the electron gain ability of oxygen due to
electronic configuration 1s2, 2s2, 2p3.
electrostatic repulsions. O3- have least electron gain
enthalpy.
32. Solution: Successive ionization energy may be defined as
The option (a) O has more electron gain enthalpy.
the energy required for the removal of the second
electron form the ion.
PART 2
Successive ionization energy increases in the order
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTION
IE1<IE2<IE3
1. Solutions: Chemical periodicity - atomic size of the
elements
33. Solution: Alkaline earth metals have stable electronic
Atomic size gradually decreases from left to right across
configuration ns2. Their electron gain tendency is very
a period of elements. This is because, within a period or
poor. Thus, have low electron gain enthalpy.
family of elements, all electrons are added to the same
Option (b) is the correct answer.
shell. This leads to the increase in the effective nuclear
34. Solution: E.A increases along the period because the
charge and hence, Be has the highest atomic radius. The
effective nuclear charge increases. Due to increase in
trend is given as: Be > C > N > F
effective nuclear charge electron gaining tendency
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
increases. Ar has least E.A value because it has stable
2. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Electronic
noble gas electronic configuration.
configuration of atoms and ions
Option (b) is the correct answer.
Electronic configuration of Cr is [Ar]3d5 4s1, instead of the
35. Solution: Fluorine have electronic configuration
expected [Ar]3d4 4s2. This is so because the orbitals of
1s22s22p5. It has high tendency to gain electron to attain
electron are most stable when they are full-filled or half-
the stable noble gas electronic configuration. Thus, have
filled. In the case of chromium, an electron from the 4s
high value of electron gain enthalpy i.e more negative.
orbital jumps to 3d subshell because 3d 5 is a much more
Option (d) is the correct answer.
stable configuration than 3d4.Chromium (Cr) attain extra
36. Solution: Option (d) has the positive electron gain
stability of half-filled electronic configuration by
enthalpy i.e ΔH. O- does not want take one more electron
changing the expected pattern of electronic
due to electrostatic repulsions. So, energy has to provide
configuration. This can be shown as follows-
to attain this reaction.
Option (d) is the correct answer.
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
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3. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Ionization energy or of acidic oxides on reacting with alkali as well as of basic
ionization potential Ionization energy is the energy oxides on reacting with acids.
required to remove a valence electron from an atom. MgO is a oxide of alkaline earth metal, hence it is a basic
Since inert gases are in their most stable form, it is more oxide not amphoteric
unfavorable to remove their valence electrons than The amphoteric nature of Al2O3 is shown as follows:
those of any other atom in the same period. As a result, Al2O3 (s) + 6NaOH(aq) ⟶ 3H2O (l) + 2Na3[Al(OH)6](aq)
more energy (ionization energy) is required to pull a Al2O3(s) + 6HCl (aq) + 3H2O (l) ⟶ 2[AI(H2O)6]3+(aq) +6Cl-
valence electron away from inert gases. Therefore, the (aq)
highest ionization energy of these inert gases in their The amphoteric nature of ZnO is shown as follows:
respective periods on the periodic table can be explained ZnO + 2H2O + 2NaOH ⟶ Na3Zn(OH)4 + H2
by these concepts of highest stability and lowest energy ZnO + 2HCl ⟶ ZnCl2 + H2O
when the atom's outermost atomic orbital is filled to The amphoteric nature of ZnO is shown as follows:
capacity with 8 valence electrons. SnO + 2HCL ⟶ SnCl2 + H2O
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer. SnO + 2NaOH + H2O ⟶ 2Na+ + [Sn(OH)4]2-
4. Solutions: Chemical periodicity - Planck's Quantum Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
Theory 8. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Heisenberg’s
Statement: The energy of the radiation absorbed or Uncertainty Principle
emitted is directly proportional to the frequency of the Using Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle,
radiation. Meanwhile, the energy of radiation is ℎ
∆𝑥 ∆𝑣 =
expressed in terms of frequency as, 4𝜋𝑚
ℎ
E=hν ∆𝑣 =
∆𝑥4𝜋𝑚
Where,
6.626 × 10
E = Energy of the radiation ∆𝑣 =
(9.11 × 10 )(10 )4𝜋
h = Planck’s constant (6.626×10–34 J.s) ∆𝑣 = 580 𝑘𝑚/𝑠
ν= Frequency of radiation Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer. 9. Solutions: Bohrs atomic modelling of Hydrogen atom
5. Solutions: Chemical periodicity - Isoelectronic species For Balmer series, n1=2 and n2=3
Ions and atoms which are having equal numbers of Since,
electrons are called the isoelectronic species. N2 has 7 × 1 1 1 1
2 = 14 electrons. v=𝑅 − = 109677 −
𝑛 𝑛 2 3
(A) CN- has 6 + 7 + 1 = 14e = 15232.91 cm- = 1.523 X 108 m-
(B) NO has 7 + 8 = 15e Now wavelength of the spectral line is given as follows:
(C) CO has 6 + 8 = 14e = = 656. nm
.
(D) CS has 6 + 16 = 22e
Thus, it is shown that, NO and CS are not isoelectronic
10. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Heisenberg’s
with N2
Uncertainty Principle
Hence, option (b) and (d) are the correct answers.
De Broglie's hypothesis states that,
6. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Electronic
ℎ ℎ 6.63 × 10
configuration of atoms and ions 𝜆= = = = 1.66 × 10
𝑝 𝑚𝑣 1 × 40
Fe has the electronic configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
3d6. When it forms Fe3+ cation it loses outermost electron
11. Topic Planck's Quantum Theory
first 4s2 then 1 electron from 3d orbital. There for 1s2 2s2
cos(ax) = [—a sin(ax)]
2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 is the electronic configuration for Fe3+. =—a2 cos ax)
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer. Therefore, eigen value =
7. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Amphoteric oxides Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
Amphoteric oxides are the oxides that behave as both
acidic and basic oxides. Amphoteric Oxides have features
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12. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Atomic size of the 17. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Oxides of metals and
elements Diatomic molecules with two non-identical non-metals
atoms are called heteronuclear diatomic molecules. Ions Metals form oxides that are basic, but non-metals form
and atoms which are having equal numbers of electrons oxides that are acidic. Hence, Being a metal, sodium
are called the isoelectronic species. N2, HCN and CO all forms a basic oxide and on the other hand, Sulfur and
have 14 electrons. Thus, they all are isoelectronic. methane forms an acidic oxides.
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer. Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
13. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Heisenberg’s 18. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Bohr Theory for
Uncertainty Principle hydrogen atom
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle states that it is Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
impossible to measure or calculate exactly, both the 19. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Oxides of metals and
position and the momentum of an object. This principle non-metals
is based on the wave-particle duality of matter. The idea is that ionization energy depends on the
The uncertainty in product of position and -momentum magnitude of the attraction between the nucleus and the
is equal to or greater- than h/4π. electrons. The more tightly held an electron is, the more
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer. energy will be needed to remove it from the atom. This
14. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Heisenberg’s can be more preciously explained on the basis of the
Uncertainty Principle MOT based electronic configuration.
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle states that it is (A) The MOT based electronic configuration of O2+ is:
impossible to measure or calculate exactly, both the (σ2s)2(σ∗2s)2(σ2px)2(π2py, π2pz)4(π∗2py, π∗2pz)1
position and the momentum of an object. This principle Bond order is: 2.5
is based on the wave-particle duality of matter. (B) The MOT based electronic configuration of O2 is:
The uncertainty in product of position and -momentum (σ2s)2(σ∗2s)2(σ2px)2(π2py, π2pz)4(π∗2py, π∗2pz)2
is equal to or greater- than h/4π. Bond order is: 2
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer. (C) The MOT based electronic configuration of O 2- is:
15. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Bohr Theory for (σ2s)2(σ∗2s)2(σ2px)2(π2py, π2pz)4(π∗2py, π∗2pz)3
hydrogen atom Bond order is: 1.5
The ionization energy of a chemical element, expressed (D) The MOT based electronic configuration of O22- is:
in joules or electron volts, is usually measured in an (σ2s)2(σ∗2s)2(σ2px)2(π2py, π2pz)4(π∗2py, π∗2pz)4
electric discharge tube in which a fast-moving electron Bond order is: 1.0
generated by an electric current collides with a gaseous It is confirmed that, if an electron is lost from a bonding
atom of the element, causing it to eject one of its orbital, then it will be more unstable. More stable, higher
electrons. The IE of hydrogen like atoms is given as: IE. Anti-bonding destabilizes, and bonding stabilizes. In
. all above species, valence electrons are present in the
high energy anti-bonding molecular orbital (ABMO), that
For Li3+ like atoms, 13.6 X (3)2 = 122.4 eV
is, the species that have high electron to proton (e/p)
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.
ratio will have energy electron in ABMO and
16. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Hydrogen spectral
consequently lowest ionization energy and vice versa.
series. The emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen has
Thus, the correct ionization order of the following species
been divided into a number of spectral series, with
is O2+> O2 > O2- > O22-
wavelengths given by the Rydberg formula.
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
The regions in which all these series lie are given as
20. Solutions: Heisenberg's uncertainty principle
follows:
From the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle,
Laymen: UV corresponds to P
Balmer: UV corresponds to Q Δp ΔX ≥ ……….(1) ,
Paschen: UV corresponds to R Where Δp is the momentum, ΔX is the position and h is
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer. the Planks constant.
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Similarly, τ ΔE ≥ ………(2) 4s-orbital is zero i.e., 4s0. Therefore, azimuthal quantum

number (l) =0. Since, ml = -l to l, thus, ml = 0
where τ is the time, ΔE is the energy and h is the Planks
constant.
26. Solutions: Quantum mechanical model for H atom:
Now, E = hν
For Cu-atom, the electronic configuration of hydrogen
Put equation 2 in equation 1, We get, τ hv ≥
atom is [Ar] 4s1, 3d10. Therefore, azimuthal quantum
-9 9
Thus, 𝜈 = 1/ 4πτ = 1/ 4π X 10 = 10 / 4π number (l) = n-1.
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer. The value of l for electron present in the 3dz2 is = 3-1 = 2
21. Solutions: Chemical periodicity: Atomic Size Hence, 2 is the correct answer.
Here all these species are isoelectronic species. The 27. Solutions: Ionization Energy
species which has maximum negative charge will have He is noble gas, so its ionization energy is highest among
maximum ionic radii and the species which have the given atoms. Nitrogen has completely half-filled p-
maximum positive charge will have minimum ionic radii. orbital (1s2, 2s1, 2p3) in outermost shell, so, its ionization
Thus, the order of ionic radii will be: energy is higher than. Oxygen (1s2, 2s2, 2p4) and; boron
O2−>F−>Na+>Mg2+ (1s2, 2s2, 2p1). Oxygen is more electronegative and have
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer. smaller size than boron, so, its ionization energy is more
22. Solutions: Chemical periodicity: Atomic Size than boron. Hence, the correct order, for the ionization
The electronic count can be given as: F⁻ (10 electrons), energy is: He > N > O > B.
Na⁺ (10 electrons), Mg²⁺ (10 electrons), Al³⁺(10electrons) Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
and hence, all the species are isoelectronic. MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION (MSQ)
The ionic radii of isoelectronic species decrease with
increase in atomic number because magnitude of nuclear 1. Solutions: The demerits of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table.
charge increases with increase atomic number. Thus the (a) Position of hydrogen is uncertain
increasing order of radii, (b) No regular trend in increasing of atomic mass down
Al³⁺(Z = 13) < Mg²⁺( Z = 12 ) < Na⁺ ( Z = 11) < F⁻ (Z = 9) the group.
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer. (c) Anomalous positions of lanthanides and actinides in
23. Solutions: Heisenberg's uncertainty principle periodic table.
Answer: 2 m/s (d) More elements was yet to be known.
24. Solutions: Chemical periodicity: Atomic Size 2. Solutions: Polarising power of cation and anion are
Now, whether the species are isoelectronic with NO2+, we explained by Fajan’s rule
must count the number of electrons in it. Smaller the size of cation more will be its polarisibility. So
Number of electrons in NO2+ ion = 7 + 8(2)— 1 = 22 option b is incorrect, as down the group size of cation
electrons increases. Polarising Power decreases.
(A) CO2: 6 + 8 (2) = 22 electrons and N3- :7(3) + 1 = 22 Larger the size of cation, more will be its polarisibility. So
electrons ⟶ Isoelectronic with NO2+ option c is incorrect, as down the group size increase,
(B) NCO-:7 + 6 + 8 + 1= 22 electrons and H3BCN-: 3 + 5 + polarizing power increases.
6 + 7 + 1 = 22 electrons ⟶ Isoelectronic with NO2+ Smaller the size of anion more will be the hydration.
Down the group hydration tendency decreases because
(C) BO2- : 5 + 8 (2) + 1 = 22 electrons and H3CC CH: 3 +
size of ions increase down the group.
6 + 6 + 6 + 1 = 22 electrons. ⟶ Isoelectronic with
Option (b), (c) and (d) are correct answer.
NO2+
3. Solutions: When we down the group atomic radii
(D) OF2: 8 + 9 (2) = 26 electrons and O3-:8(3) +1 25
increases due to increase in shell, so there is greater
electrons ⟶ Not isoelectronic NO2+
distance between the nucleus and the outermost orbital.
More the size of anion more will be the polarisibilty
25. Solutions: Quantum mechanical model for H atom:
power. Basic nature of oxides increases down the group
For H-atom, the electronic configuration of hydrogen
and decreases along the period.
atom is 1s1. Hence, the number of electrons present in
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As size increase down the group, it is easy to remove the 12. Solutions: Fluorine is most electronegative element in
electron down the group. Hence, ionization potential the periodic table, because after gaining one electron it
decreases down the group. achieves the stable noble gas configuration.
4. Solution: The isoelectronic species are those which More the effective nuclear charge lesser will be the size.
contain equal number of valence electrons. More the positive charge lesser will be the size, because
- 2- 3-
F , O , N has same10 valence electrons. So, they are the effective nuclear charge in more positive element is
isoelectronic species. more.
Option (b) and (d) are correct answer. So option (c) and (d) is incorrect.
5. Solution: The possible value of m can be 0 to n-1 13. Solution: Beryllium shows diagonal relationship with
For l=0, m value can be +1, 0, -1 aluminium because their charge to size ratio is nearly
So, (a), (b), (c) is the correct answer. same. So, option (a), (b), (c) are incorrect.
6. Solutions: For m= -1, value of l cannot be 0, because 14. Solution: d orbitals show variable valency as the valence
value of m varies from -l to +l. electrons mostly reside in 4s or 3d orbitals and there is
So, an electron with m=-1 cannot be present in s orbital. not much difference in the energies of 3d and 4s orbitals.
It can present in p, d and f orbitals. Option (a), (b) are correct answer.
Option (b), (c) (d) are correct answer. 15. Solution: The energy and radius of orbit are associated
7. Solutions: For p orbital l = 1, so option a is incorrect. with principal quantum number.
m values varies from -l to +l, so for l=1 , m can be +1,0,-1 En =-13.6 z2/n2
m=2 cannot be possible. So, option b is incorrect. Rn= 0.529 n2/z
Hence, option (c), (d) is correct. So, option (a), (b) is correct answer.
8. Solutions: The value of l can be 0 to n-1, so option (d) is 16. Solution: Option a and c are correct.
not possible as value of l is equal to value of n. In isoelectronic species smaller the positive charge more
ml can be from -l to +l . So, in option (c) for l =2 value of will be the ionic radii.
m can be -2,-1, 0, +1, +2 .It can’t be -3. In option (C) H- size are greater than O2- and F- , because
Hence, option (a), (b) is correct. in H-the number of electrons are double than the number
9. Solution: For n=3, possible value of l are 0, 1, 2 as l varies of protons, so the effective nuclear charge are less.
from 0 to n-1 Hence, greater in size.
m varies from -l to +l , so possible value of m = -2 , -1, 0 17. Solution: Smaller the size, More will be the
,+1, +2 electronegativity.
m=3 is not possible. Size is inversely proportional to the oxidation state.
So, option (b), (c), and (d) are correct answer. Higher Oxidate state has high effective nuclear charge
10. Solution: Actinoids have 5f subshell, they belong to f and hence small size.
block of periodic table. So, Option (b), (d) are correct.
Periodic table contain 18 groups and 7 period. 18. Solution: When we go down the group the atomic size
th
17 group contain fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine. increase, due to which electron removal becomes easy
They are known as halogens. down the group and ionization energy decreases.
Isotopes are atoms of same element with different Along the period, ionization energy increases due to
atomic mass. There is no separate positions of isotopes increase in effective nuclear charge
in modern periodic table N has more ionization energy than O because N has
Option (b), (c) are correct answer. stable half-filled 1s2, 2s2 2p3 electronic configuration.
11. Solution: Cerium(58Ce) and Gadolinium(64Gd) are f block So, option (a), (b) is correct answer.
elements. 19. Solution: Energy is released when electron is added to an
Osmium(76Os) is d block element. isolated gaseous atom, the energy is known as electron
Antimony (51Sb) is p block element gain energy.
So, option (c), (d) are correct. Down the group size increases and ionization energy
decreases.
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Electron gain enthalpy is not always positive. The second 27. Solution: Electron gain enthalpy is positive in which we
electron gain enthalpy of an element is positive. have to give energy to happen a reaction. O3- and O2-
So, option (b) and (c) are correct answer. formation is difficult as upcoming electron feels
20. Solution: s orbitals have high penetration power, the electronic repulsion, so for these formation, electron
electrons in s orbitals are tightly bound to nucleus. gain enthalpy is positive.
S orbitals are spherical in shape, they are non-directional So, option (a), (d) are correct answer.
and centre of symmetry is present in s orbitals. P orbitals 28. Solution: When we go down in a group size increases due
are directional in nature. to increase in number of shell.
Option (a) and (c) are correct answer. But Ga<Al in size because the d orbitals in Gallium is
21. Solution: All d orbitals are not similar, three d orbitals are highly diffused offers poor shielding which results in
axial and two d orbitals are non-axial. So, statement (a) is increased nuclear charge. Due to increase nuclear charge
incorrect. its size decreases.
Conical node is present in dz2 orbitals. So, statement (b) When we go right in period size decreases due to
is also incorrect. increase in effective nuclear charge. S
Option (a) and (b) are incorrect. So, option (a), (b), (c) are correct.
22. Solution: According to Mulliken scale, 29. Solution: The d orbitals have poor shielding power, due
= [I.P + E.A]/2 to this there is high effective nuclear charge which make
Electronegativity depends on Ionisation potential and atoms size small and ionization energy high.
electron affinity. So option (b) and (c) are correct answer.
So, option (a), (b) are correct. 30. Solution: Cl has highest negative electron gain enthalpy
2
23. Solution: According to Allred Rochow = (0.359*Zeff/r ) + even greater than fluorine, because in fluorine size is
0.744 small, there is electronic repulsions for upcoming
Electronegativity depends upon Effective nuclear charge electron.
and covalent radius Fluorine is the most electronegative element
So, option (a), (c) are correct answer. He has stable 1s2 electronic configuration, removal of
24. Solution: After removal of one electron oxygen electron from these require very high energy and have
2 2 3
electronic configuration become 1s 2s 2p , the second highest ionisation potential.
ionization require removal of electron from stable half- Helium is the smallest element in periodic table. It is
filled configuration, so its require more energy. smaller than hydrogen because it contains two electrons
Noble gases have highest ionization potential in in same orbital, so nuclear charge is more.
respective period due to their stable electronic So, option (a), (c), (d) are correct answer
configuration.
NUMERICAL ANSWER TYPE QUESTION (NAT)
Successive ionization increases i.e IE1< IE2<IE3
1. Solution: To calculate shielding constant (S) for valence
Li+ has most stable 1s2 configuration. Removal of electron
2p electron:
from this configuration requires high energy. So, Li have
 Each other electron in the 2s2 , 2p4 group contributes
highest second ionization energy in the respective
0.35 to S
period. So, option (a), (d) are correct answer.
Total contribution = 5*0.35 =1.75
25. Solution: Lanthanides are present between Zr and Hf.  Each 1s electron contributes 0.85 to S
Lanthanides have f orbitals and f orbitals shields very Total contribution = 0.85*2 = 1.70
poorly, so there are strong effective nuclear charge for Hf Total S = 1.750+1.70 = 3.45
, and its size not increases as expected when we go down Answer = 3.45
in a group . That’s why Zr and Hf have comparable size. 2. Solution: Effective nuclear charge Z* = 8 -3.45
This is also known as lanthanide contraction, Z*= 4.55
So, option (b), (c) are correct. Answer = 4.55
26. Solution: Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Antimony are 3. Solution: Radial node is given by n-l-1
metalloids For 3s, 5d, 4p the radial nodes are 2
So, option (a), (b) are correct answer. Answer = 3
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4. Solution: The angular node is equal to the l value of 13. Solution: As last electron enters in p-subshell, therefore
orbital. So, 3p, 4p and 5p show 1 angular node. L value this element belongs from p block. The group number for
for this is equal to 1. p-block is equal to the 12+number of valence electrons in
Answer= 3 p subshell i.e 12+4 = 16.
5. Solution: No of orbitals in a subshell = 2(1) +1 Answer=16
= 2(3) + 1= 9 14. Solutions: The possible no of subshells for n = 4 are 4s,
Number of electron in 9 orbitals = 2 *9 = 18 4p, 4d and 4f.
Answer = 18 If it is specified that spin quantum number value is +1/2
6. Solution: For n+ l=7, the possible combinations are only, then no of electron filled in each orbital is 1 ,
(i) n+l=4+3 i.e 4f , 14 electrons can present Number of orbital in n = 4 shell is 42= 16
(ii) n+l = 5+2 i.e 5d , 10 electrons can present So, if each orbital can occupy only 1 electron, number of
(iii) n+l=6+1 i.e 6p , 6 electrons can present electrons present will be 16.
(iv) n+l=7+0 i.e 7s , 2 electrons can present Answer= 16
Total electrons can present = 14+10+6+2 = 32 15. Solution:
Answer =32 According to Mulliken s electronegativity (χ ) =
7. Solution: Number of proton is given by Atomic mass-
(when I.E and E.A is in ev)
Atomic Number = 15-7 =8 .
. .
Answer=8 = = 3.72
.
8. Solution: The quantum number l tells about the Answer = 3.72

subshells. If l varies from 0 to n+1, then for 5th shell i.e
n=5, value of l are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6.
So, there will be 7 subshells in 5th shell if value of l varies
from 0 to n+1.
Answer = 7
9. Solution: Number of orbitals in n shell = n2. If three
electrons of different spin can filled in an orbital, then no
of electrons present in 5th shell = 3* 52 =75
Answer = 75
10. Solution: The isoelectronic species are those which have
same number of valence electron.
N2 has 14 valence electrons CO, NO+, CN- has 14 valence
electrons. So these 3 are isoelectronic with N 2
Answer = 3
11. Solution: Cu has atomic no 29 and electronic
configuration =[Ar]3d 104s1
In +1 oxidation state, the electron is removed from 4s
and it has fully filled d orbitals.
So, there are 0 unpaired electron.
Answer= 0
12. Solutions: The electronic configurations of atomic no =
23 is [Ar] 3d14s2.
The configuration (n-1)dxnsy is of d block elements.
Group Number = x+y
So, for atomic number =23, the group number is 2+1 =3
Answer = 3
IFAS Publications
CHAPTER
CHEMICAL BONDING
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION (MCQ)
1. The bond angles in H2O are: 10. Identify the correct sequence which represents the
(a) <109° (b) 109° increasing order of polarizing power of the cationic
(c) 120° (d) 180° species: K+, Ca+, Mg2+, Be2+:
2. Which one of the following compounds is practically (a) K+< Mg2+< Ca2+< Be2+ (b) K+< Ca2+< Mg2+< Be2+
insoluble in water? (c) Be2+< K+< Ca2+< Mg2+ (d) Mg2+< Be2+< K+< Ca2+
(a) CaCl2 (b) CaF2 11. Which of the following molecules or ions is not linear?
(c) MgI2 (d) BaCl2 (a) BeCl2 (b) ICl2-
3. The H-A-H bond angle in the following hydrides with (c) CS2 (d) ICl2+
general formula AH3 follows the order: 12. The hybridization of atomic orbitals of N in 𝑁𝑂 , 𝑁𝑂
(a) AsH3> PH3> NH3 (b) PH3> AsH3> NH3 and 𝑁𝐻 are respectively: -
(c) NH3> AsH3> PH3 (d) NH3> PH3> AsH3 (a) sp, sp2 and sp3 (b) sp, sp3 and sp2
4. In which of the following bonds does H carry 𝛿-ve (c) sp2, sp and sp3 (d) sp2, sp3 and sp
charge? 13. The strength of bonds by overlapping of atomic orbitals
(a) F-H (b) O-H is in the order: -
(c) B-H (d) N-H (a) s-s > s-p > p-p (b) s-s < p-p < s-p
5. Which of the following statements regarding solubility of (c) s-p < s-s < p-p (d) p-p < s-s < s-p
LiF and LiI in water at room temperature is correct? 14. Which of the following is not stable?
(a) Both are equally soluble (a) 𝐻 (b) H2
(b) Both are insoluble (c) He2 (d) HHe
(c) LiF is more soluble than LiI 15. Compound X is highly volatile and insoluble in H2O.
(d) LiI is more soluble than LiF Bonding in X is:-
6. Amongst (I) NH3; (II) N(CH3)3 and (III) N(SiH3)3 Predict the (a) Ionic (b) Covalent
order of basicity from the SETs mentioned below. (Hints: (c) Polar covalent (d) Coordinate
(I) and (II) have pyramidal and (III) is trigonal planar 16. The compound NH3-BF3 can be easily separated into its
structure.) compound because: -
(a) (II) > (III) > (I) (b) (II) > (I) > (III) (a) BF3 is highly reactive
(c) (III) > (II) > (I) (d) (I) > (II) > (III) (b) NH3 is highly reactive
7. What is bond angle in nitrogen trichloride? (c) BF3 and NH3 are unstable
(a) 120° (b) 190.5° (d) BF3 and NH3 have their independent existence
(c) 107.5° d) 90° 17. The hybrid orbital of the central atom in AlF4- is: -
8. Among the following, which has the maximum hydration (a) sp (b) sp2
energy? (c) sp3 (d) dsp2
(a) Na+ (b) Li+ 18. Which one of the following is not an s-block element?
2+ 2+
(c) Mg (d) Ca (a) [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 (b) 1s2 2s2 2p1
9. The bond angle of Cl2O is …………… (c) 1s2 2s1 2p1 (d) [Ar] 4s1 4p1
(a) Smaller than that of F2O 19. Which one of the following cannot be used to generate
(b) Greater than that of H2O H2?
(c) Smaller than that of H2O (a) Al + NaOH (b) Zn + NaOH
(d) Same as that of H2O (c) Mg + NaOH (d) LiH + H2O
Chapter – 2 Chemical Bonding 17
20. Arrange in order of increasing dipole moment BF3, H2S, (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
H2O of A
(a) BF3 < H2S < H2O (b) H2S < H2O < BF3 (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
(c) H2S < BF3 < H2O (d) H2O < H2S < BF3 explanation of A
21. The total number of electrons in a molecule of (c) A is true but R is false
phosphoric acid are: (d) A is false but R is true
(a) 50 (b) 48 28. Assertion (A): The radius of Fe3+ is less than that of Fe2+.
(c) 52 (d) 51 Reason (R): Fe3+ has a lower effective nuclear charge than
22. The most stable among the following is Fe2+.
(a) LiF (b) LiI (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
(c) HgF2 (d) BeI2 of A
23. Correct order of bond angles in given molecules (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
(a) H2S > H2Se > H2O (b) H2Se > H2O > H2S explanation of A
(c) H2O > H2Se > H2S (d) H2O > H2S > H2Se (c) A is true but R is false
24. According to Bent’s rule (d) A is false but R is true
1) More electronegative substituents prefer hybrid 29. Arrange in order of increasing dipole moment BF3, H2S,
orbitals having more S character H2O
2) More electronegative substituents prefer hybrid (a) BF3 < H2S < H2O (b) H2S < H2O < BF3
orbitals having less S character (c) H2S < BF3 <H2O (d) H2O < H2S < BF3
3) More electropositive substituents prefer hybrid 30. The number of peroxide bonds in perxenate ion, [XeO 6]4−
orbitals having more S character is:
4) More electropositive substituents prefer hybrid (a) 0 (b) 2
orbitals having less S character (c) 3 (d) 1
(a) 1 and 2 are correct (b) 2 and 3 are correct 31. Which of the following is the largest in size?
(c) 3 and 4 are correct (d) 1 and 4 are correct (a) CI- (b) S2-
+
25. The correct order of the solubility of the following in (c) Na (d) F-
water is 32. The hybridization involved in PCI5 is:
(a) BeSO4 < MgSO4 < CaSO4 < SrSO4 (a) sp3d (b) sp3d2
(b) BeSO4 > MgSO4 > CaSO4 > SrSO4 (c) d2sp2 (d) sp3
(c) BeSO4 < MgSO4 ~ CaSO4 < SrSO4 33. Among the following which one is a linear molecule
(d) BeSO4 > MgSO4 ~ CaSO4 < SrSO4 having zero dipole moment?
26. The correct statements among the following are: (a) H2O (b) HCI
1) Angular momenta of 1s, 2s and 3s orbitals are same (c) CO2 (d) H2S
2) Energies of 1s, 2s and 3s orbitals are same 34. Among the following, the compound that is readily
3) Angular momenta of 1s, 2s and 3s orbitals are soluble in water is:
different (a) BeSO4 (b) CaSO4
4) Energies of 1s, 2s and 3s orbitals are different (c) SrSO4 (d) BaSO4
(a) 1, 2 (b) 2, 3 35. The hybridization of Carbon in molecular CO 2 is:
(c) 3, 4 (d) 1, 4 (a) sp (b) sp2
27. Assertion (A): The bond angle in NF3 is less than that in (c) sp3 (d) sp3d
NH3. 36. The correct order of the solubility of the following in
Reason (R): The high electronegativity of F pulls the water is
bonding electrons in NF3 further away from N and a (a) BeSO4 < MgSO4 < CaSO4 < SrSO4
greater distortion is caused. (b) BeSO4 > MgSO4 > CaSO4 > SrSO4
(c) BeSO4< MgSO4 = CaSO4< SrSO4
(d) BeSO4> MgSO4 = CaSO4< SrSO4
IFAS Publications
37. Assertion (A): The bond angle in NF3 is less than that in (a) 2 (b) 1
NH3. (c) 0 (d) 3
Reason (R): The high electronegativity of F pulls the 46. Molten iodine conducts electricity because of the
bonding electrons in NF3 further away from N and a formation of: (KA-SET 2017)
greater distortion is caused. (a) 𝐼 + 𝐼 (b) 𝐼 + 𝐼
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation (c) 𝐼 (d) 𝐼
of A 47. Number of lone pairs of electrons present in SF4, CF4 and
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct XeF4 are
explanation of A (a) 1, 0, 2 (b) 2, 0, 2
(c) A is true but R is false (c) 1, 0, 1 (d) 0, 0, 2
(d) A is false but R is true 48. …… does not exist
38. The point group symmetry of XeOF4 is: (a) CIF3 (b) BrF3
(a) D3h (b) D4v (c) IF3 (d) ICI2
(c) C4v (d) C3v 49. The angle between the three iodine atoms of I3- ion is…….
19
39. F NMR spectrum of PF5 gives (a) 600 (b) 900
(a) Two singlets (c) 1200 (d) 1800
(b) A doublet and a triplet 50. Which of the following pentafluoride does not exist?
(c) Two doublets and three singlets (a) NF5 (b) AsF5
(d) A doublet (c) SbF5 (d) AsF5
40. Assertion (A): BeH2 is linear and H2O bent. 51. Valinomycin is an ionophore that specially binds with
Reason (R): The major difference between BeH 2 and H2O (a) Na+ ion (b) K+ ion
is the number of valence electrons on central atom. (c) Na+ and K+ ion (d) Any alkali metal ion
(a) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct 52. The type of molecular interactions in liquid nitrogen is:
explanation (a) Dipole – dipole
(b) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation (b) Dipole -induced dipole
(c) A is true but R is false (c) Ion- dipole
(d) A is false but R is true (d) Induced dipole – induced dipole
41. Identify the non-planar species among 53. Which is the most soluble in water amongst the
(a) SO3 (b) 𝑁𝑂 following?
(c) 𝐶𝑂 (d) 𝑆𝑂 (a) LiF (b) LiCI
42. Which among the following is the best fluoridating (c) LiBr (d) Lil
agent? 54. NaOH and HOCI both contains – OH groups but the
(a) XeF2 (b) XeF4 former is base while the latter is acid in their aqueous
(c) XeF6 (d) XeO2F4 solution, because
43. XeF6 is hydrolyzed to give (a) Na-O bond is more polar than O-H bond in NaOH
(a) XeOF4 (b) XeO2F2 (b) –O-H bond is more polar than Na-O bond in NaOH
(c) XeO3 (d) XeO2 (c) H-O bond in HOCI is less polar
19
44. Assuming CIF3 to be stereochemical rigid, its F NMR (d) –O-CI bond in HOCl is more polar
19
spectrum (I for F=1/2) would be (ignore any NMR 55. The structures of NF3 and NH3 are based on a tetrahedron
activity of CI): with one corner occupied by a lone pair. Which one of
(a) A doublet and triplet for a T-shaped structure the statements is true for both the molecules?
(b) A single for a trigonal planar structure (a) both are pyramidal with bond angles 107.5
(c) A double and a singlet for a T-shaped structure (b) both are pyramidal with bond angles 102.3 and 107.5
(d) Two singlets for a trigonal pyramid structure respectively.
45. Numbers of geometric isomers of PBr2Cl3 molecule (c) both are pyramidal with bond angles 109.5
which have non-zero dipole moment are: (d) both are pyramidal with bond angles 105 and 107.5
respectively.
IFAS Publications
56. The hybrid state of carbon in C-60 4. The structure of [IF6]− is best described as:
(a) sp (b) sp2 (a) trigonally distorted octahedron
3 2
(c) sp (d) dsp (b) octahedron
57. The number of pairs of framework electrons in the closo (c) square pyramid
2-
borane [BnHn] (d) trigonal bipyramid
(a) n+1 (b) n+2 5. The species in which the central atom uses sp2 hybrid
(c) n+3 (d) n+4 orbitals in its bonding is:
58. Which of the following have identical bond orders (a) PH3 (b) NH3
(a) N2 and O2- (b) N2 and O2 (c) BCl3 (d) SbH3
(c) N2 and O2+ (d) NO and O2+ 6. Based on the VSEPR theory, the molecule IF5 has a shape
2
59. Which of the following d orbital involve in dsp of:
hybridisation: (a) Trigonal bipyramid
(a) dxy (b) dx2 (b) Square pyramidal
(c) dx2-y2 (d) dxy (c) Octahedral
(d) Pentagonal bipyramidal
ANSWER KEY 7. The geometry and shape of XeO3 is, respectively:
(a) triangular and trigonal pyramidal
(b) tetrahedral and trigonal pyramidal
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(c) tetrahedral and triangular planar
A B D C D B C C B B
(d) trigonal pyramidal and triangular
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
8. Which of the following two are iso structural?
D A A C B D C B C A (a) XeF2 and 𝐼𝐹 (b) NH3 and BF3
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 (c) 𝐶𝑂 and 𝑆𝑂 (d) PCl5 and ICl5
A A D B B D A C A A 9. According to VSEPR theory, the shape of [BF 4]- ion is
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 (a) Tetrahedral (b) Square planar
B A C A A B A C D A (c) Trigonal bipyramid (d) Octahedral
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 10. In spite of having trigonal bipyramid geometry, XeO 2F2
and XeO3F2 contains ………………. Π-bonds respectively.
D C C A A B A D D A
(a) 2, 3 (b) 3, 2
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
(c) 2, 4 (d) 4,2
B B A A B B A D C
11. The geometry of the interhalogen compound BrF3 is:
(a) Square planar (b) Tetrahedral
VALANCE SHELL ELECTRON PAIR REPULSION [VSEPR] THEORY: (c) Octahedron (d) Trigonal bipyramid
1. In PCl5, the hybridization of the orbitals of the P atom is: 12. The total number of lone pairs for the ion 𝐼 is:
(a) d2sp2 (b) sp3d (a) 0 (b) 3
(c) d3sp (d) d3p3 (c) 6 (d) 9
2. The molecule BrF5, interconverts between: 13. The geometry of N(SiH3)3 will be :
(MH –SET 2013) (a) tetrahedral (b) trigonal pyramidal
(a) trigonal-bipyramidal and tetrahedral structure (c) trigonal planar (d) linear
(b) square pyramidal and pentagonal structure 14. The total number of lone pairs of electron in 𝐼 is:
(c) trigonal-bipyramidal and square planar structure (a) Zero (b) Three
(d) square pyramidal and trigonal-bipyramidal structure (c) Six (d) Nine
3. According to VSEPR, the geometry of a AX7E0 molecule is: 15. According to VSEPR theory, the molecule/ion having
(a) Square antiprismatic ideal tetrahedral shape is:
(b) Pentagonal pyramidal (a) SF4 (b) 𝑆𝑂
(c) Pentagonal bipyramidal (c) S2Cl2 (d) SO2Cl2
(d) Octahedral
IFAS Publications
16. The hybrid orbitals in SbF6- are: Codes:
3 2 3
(a) sp d (b) d sp (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 2
(c) dsp (d) dsp (A) 1 2 4 5
17. The shape of 𝐶𝑙𝑂 according to VSEPR theory: (B) 4 5 2 3
(C) 1 5 4 3
(a) linear (b) planar-triangular
(D) 5 1 3 4
(c) pyramidal (d) square planar 25. XeFe6 contains______________________
18. Among the following, which pair the Sulphur atoms do (a) Six bond pairs
not have sp3 hybridization? (b) Six bond pairs and a lone pair
(a) 𝑆𝑂 , SCl2 (b) H2S, SF2 (c) Six bond pairs and two lone pairs
(c) SO3, 𝑆𝑂 (d) SO3, SO2 (d) Six bond pairs and 3 lone pairs
19. The hybridization Sp3d gives rise to the following 26. Select triangular planar species among the following:
arrangement (a) ClO3- (b) H3O+
(a) Linear (b) Octahedral (c) CH3+ (d) ClO2+
(c) Trigonal bipyramidal (d) Trigonal planar 27. The states of hybridization of nitrogen in the species
20. Match the following 𝑁𝑂 , 𝑁𝑂 and 𝑁𝐻 are respectively
Molecule Hybridization and Geometry (a) sp, sp3, sp2 (b) sp, sp2, sp3
3 2
I) XeF2 1) Sp d square planar (c) sp2, sp, sp3 (d) sp2, sp3, sp
3 2
II) IF5 2) Sp d Octahedral 28. The hybridization of orbitals of N atom in 𝑁𝑂 , 𝑁𝑂 and
III) Xe F4 3) Sp3d linear 𝑁𝐻 are respectively
IV) SF6 4) Sp3 tetrahedral (a) sp2, sp, sp3 (b) sp, sp2, sp3
3 2
5) Sp d square pyramid (c) sp3, sp3, sp (d) sp2, sp3, sp3
I II III IV 29. The number of faces in the trigonal bipyramidal and
(a) 1 2 3 4 trigonal prismatic geometry are respectively:
(b) 2 3 4 5 (a) Five and Six (b) Six and Five
(c) 3 1 5 4 (c) Four and Five (d) Six and Four
(d) 3 5 1 2 30. The hybridization and shape of XeF 4 are respectively
21. The total number of lone pairs and bond pairs in ClF4+ are: (a) sp3d2 and octahedral (b) sp3d2 and square planar
(a) Lone pairs = 3 and bond pairs = 2 (c) sp3and tetrahedral (d) dsp2 and square planar
(b) Lone pairs = 2 and bond pairs = 3 31. The hybridization involved in the molecules PF5 and BrF5
(c) Lone pairs = 0 and bond pairs = 5 respectively are
(d) Lone pairs = 1 and bond pairs = 4 (a) dsp3 & d2sp3 (b) sp3d & sp3d2
22. The shape of the ammonia molecule is: (c) d2sp3 & d2sp3 (d) sp3d2 & sp3d2
(a) Tetrahedral (b) Trigonal pyramid 32. Which among the following has square pyramidal
(c) Trigonal bipyramid (d) Trigonal planar structure?
23. Which one of the following compounds has bond angle (a) XeF4 (b) XeO4
as nearly 90°? (c) XeO3F2 (d) XeOF4
(a) NH3 (b) H2S 33. Which among the following statement is correct
(c) POCl3 (d) SF6 regarding the structures of CF4, SF4 and XeF4?
24. Match List – I (ions) with List – II (shapes) and select the (a) Structures are same with 0, 2 and 1 lone pairs of
correct answer using the codes given below the list. electrons respectively
List-I List-II (b) Structures are different with 0, 1 and 2 lone pairs of
(a) 𝐼𝐶𝐼 (1) Linear electrons respectively
(b) 𝐵𝑟𝐹 (2) Pyramidal (c) Structures are same with 0, 1 and 2 lone pairs of
(c) 𝑆𝐹6 (3) Tetrahedral electrons respectively
(d) 𝐴𝑙𝐶𝐼 (4) Octahedral (d) Structures are different with 0, 2 and 1 lone pairs of
electrons respectively
(5) Bent
IFAS Publications
34. Which of the following pairs are isostructural? ANSWER KEY
(I) NO3- and SO42- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(II) BF3 and NF3 b d c a c b b a a a
(III) BrO3- and XeO3 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
(IV) SF4 and XeF4 d d c d b b c d c d
(a) I, II & IV only (b) Only III 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
(c) I & IV only (d) II & IV only d b d c b c b a b b
35. Match the shapes of the following molecules:
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Molecules Shape
b d b b c b a a d c
(a) BF3 i) square pyramid
(b) BrF5 ii) triangular planar MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY [MOT]:
(c) PCI iii) tetrahedral
1. When two atoms of chlorine combine to form one
(d) XeO4 iv) trigonal bipyramid
molecule of chlorine gas, the energy of the molecule:
v) regular pentagon
(a) Greater than that of separate atoms
(a) a-ii, b- v, c-i, d- iv (b) a-iii, b- iv, c-i, d- ii
(b) Equal to that of separate atoms
(c) a-ii, b-i, c-iv, d- iii (d) a-ii, b- v, c-i, d- iii
(c) Lower than that of separate atoms
36. Among the following inter halogen ions which are having
(d) None of the above statement is correct
linear structure?
2. The highest occupied molecular orbital of O2 is
𝐶𝑙𝐹 , 𝐶𝑙𝐹 , 𝑙𝐹 , 𝐵𝑟𝐹 , 𝐼𝐶𝑙
(neglecting bonding/ antibonding character):
(a) 𝐶𝑙𝐹 , 𝑙𝐹 , 𝐵𝑟𝐹 , (b) 𝐶𝑙𝐹 , 𝑙𝐹 , 𝐼𝐶𝑙
(a) σg (b) πg
(c) 𝐶𝑙𝐹 , 𝑙𝐹 , 𝐼𝐶𝑙 (d) All of these
(c) σu (d) πu
37. Match the following:
3. The bond order for 𝑁𝑂 species is:
Column I-Hybridization Column II - molecules
(a) 2 (b) 2.5
a) sp3 i) SF4
(c) 3 (d) 1.5
b) dsp2 ii) XeF4
4. Which of the following diatomic molecules is
c) sp3d iii) [Ni(CN4)]2-
paramagnetic?
d) sp3d2 iv) XeO3
(a) B2 (b) C2
(a) a - iv, b - iii, c-i, d – ii (b) a - ii, b - iii, c-iv, d-i
(c) N2 (d) F2
(c) a - iii, b - iv, c-i, d – ii (d) a-iv, b-i, c-ii, d - iii
5. The bond order for O2 and the hypothetical molecules
38. The shapes of 𝐼 , XeF4, CIF3 and SF4 are respectively
𝑁 and 𝑂 will follow the trend:
(a) Linear, square planar, T-shaped and see-saw
(a) O2 = 𝑁 <𝑂 (b) 𝑁 = O2 < 𝑂
(b) V-shaped, square pyramid, T-shaped and see-saw
(c) 𝑁 = 𝑂 < O2 (d) 𝑁 = 𝑂 < O2
(c) Linear, pentagonal, T-shaped and see-saw
6. Carbon monoxide (CO) is isoelectronic with:
(d) Linear, square pyramid, T-shaped and tetrahedral
(a) N2 (b) O2
39. Shape and hybridization of central atom in [SeF3]+ are
(c) NO (d) CN–
respectively :
7. 𝐻 , 𝐻𝑒 and O2 are all:
(a) planar trigonal, sp2 (b) planar trigonal, sp3d
(a) Diamagnetic (b) Paramagnetic
(c) trigonal pyramidal, sp3d (d) trigonal pyramidal, sp3
(c) Unstable (d) Stable
40. According to VSEPR concept, which one of the following
8. How many bonding and non-bonding electrons pairs are
would adopt trigonal planar geometry?
found in BF3 molecule?
(a) NH4 (b) (CH3)2NH
(a) 1 bonding and 3 non-bonding
(c) CH3+ (d) CH3-
(b) 2 bonding and 2 non-bonding
(c) 3 bonding and 1 non-bonding
(d) 3 bonding and 0 non-bonding
9. The highest occupied MO in N2 and O2 respectively are
(take x-axis as internuclear axis):
IFAS Publications
(a) 𝜎2𝑝 , 𝜎 ∗ 2𝑝 (b) 𝜋2𝑝 (a) O2+> O2> O2- (b) O2-> O2> O2+
(c) 𝜎 ∗ 2𝑝 ,𝜎2𝑝 (d)𝜋 ∗ 2𝑝 ,𝜋 ∗ 2𝑝 (c) O2> O2+> O2- (d) O2> O2-> O2+
10. Which of the following has maximum bond energy? 22. Identify the correct energy order of orbitals in N 2:
(a) Cl2 (b) F2 (a) π 2Py, π2Px < σ2Pz (b) π 2Py, π2Pz > σ2Px
(c) Br2 (d) I2 (c) π 2Py, π2Pz >> σ2Px (d) π 2Py, π2Pz = σ2Px
11. Which of the following has maximum bond energy? 23. The bond length of the species O2, 𝑂 , 𝑂 , 𝑂 is in the
(a) 𝑂 (b) 𝑂 order:
(c) 𝑂 (d) 𝑂 (a) O2 < 𝑂 < 𝑂 < 𝑂 (b) 𝑂 < O2 < 𝑂 < 𝑂
12. The bond energies of 𝑁 , 𝑁 changes in the order: (c) 𝑂 < 𝑂 < O2 < 𝑂 (d) 𝑂 < 𝑂 < 𝑂 < O2
(a) 𝑁 = 𝑁 (b) 𝑁 > 𝑁 24. The bond energies of 𝑁 , 𝑁 changes in the order:
(c) 𝑁 < 𝑁 (d) 𝑁 = 𝑁 = 0 (a) 𝑁 = 𝑁 (b) 𝑁 > 𝑁
13. The bond length of the species O2, 𝑂 , 𝑂 , 𝑂 is in the (c) 𝑁 < 𝑁 (d) 𝑁 = 𝑁 = 0
order: 25. Paramagnetism is shown by:
(a) O2 < 𝑂 <𝑂 <𝑂 (b) 𝑂 <O2<𝑂 <𝑂 (a) N2 (b) O2
(c) 𝑂 < 𝑂 < O2 <𝑂 (d) 𝑂 <𝑂 <𝑂 <O2 (c) F2 (d) CO2
14. The bond order for i) NO+ ii) NO- and iii) NO is as follows 26. Identify the correct energy order of orbitals in N 2
(a) I < ii < iii (b) ii < iii < i (a) π 2Py, π2Px < σ2Pz (b) π 2Py, π2Pz > σ2Px
(c) I < iii < ii (d) iii < ii < i (c) π 2Py, π2Pz >> σ2Px (d) π 2Py, π2Pz = σ2Px
15. The bond length of the species O2, 𝑂 , 𝑂 , 𝑂 is in the 27. According to MO theory, the strength of bonding in O2+,
order: O2 and O2- in follows the order:
(a) 𝑂 < 𝑂 < O2 <𝑂 (b) 𝑂 <O2<𝑂 <𝑂 (a) O2+> O2> O2- (b) O2-> O2> O2+
(c) O2 < 𝑂 <𝑂 <𝑂 (d) 𝑂 <𝑂 <𝑂 <O2 (c) O2> O2+> O2- (d) O2> O2-> O2+
16. The geometries of 𝐼𝐵𝑟 and 𝐵𝑟 , respectively are 28. Which among the following has a bond order equal to 1?
(a) Tetrahedral and tetrahedral I. 𝑂
(b) Tetrahedral and trigonal bipyramidal II. 𝑂
(c) Trigonal bipyramidal and linear III. 𝑂
(d) Linear and linear IV. 𝐹
17. A hypothetical molecule has a configuration: The correct combination is
1𝜎 1𝜎 2𝜎 1𝜋 1𝜋 2𝜎 . What is its bond order? (a) I, II (b) I, IV
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) II, IV (d) III, IV
(c) 0 (d) 1.5 29. In a singlet multiplicity, the value of S is:
18. The bond order and the number of unpaired electrons in (a) 0 (b) 1
O−2 are respectively (c) 2 (d) 3
I. 1.0 II. 1.5 III. 0 IV. 1 30. Using molecular orbital theory predict bond order and
(a) I, III (b) I, IV bond length of 𝑂 :
(c) II, III (d) II, IV (a) 1/2 and 112 pm (b) 3/2 and 112 pm
19. The bond order, b, of a diatomic molecule which has n (c) 5/2 and 112 pm (d) 3/2 and 121 pm
electrons in bonding orbital and n* electrons in 31. The molecular orbitals formed from two 1S atomic
antibonding orbital is orbitals by symmetric mode of linear combination is
(a) (n - n*) (b) (n + n*) called

(a) 𝜎(1𝑠) (b) 𝜋(1𝑠)
(c) (n X n*) (d) (n / n*)
(c) 𝜎 ∗ (1𝑠) (d) 𝜋 ∗ (1𝑠)
20. The electronic ground state of O2 is 32. Nitric oxide has the electronic configuration
(a) 1Δg (b) 1Σg+ 𝜎 𝜎 ∗
𝜋 𝜎 𝜋 ∗
(K electrons). Which one of the
, ,
(c) 3Σg− (d) 3Δu following statements is correct?
21. According to MO theory, the strength of bonding in O2+,
O2 and O2- in follows the order:
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(a) on ionization to form NO+, its bond order decreases 43. Among the following orbitals of diatomic molecule, the
and bond length increases bonding MO is
(b) on ionization to form NO+, its bond order and bond (a) 1𝝈𝒖 (b) 2𝝈𝒖
length decrease (c) 1𝝅𝒖 (d) 1𝝅𝒈
(c) on ionization to form NO+, its bond order and bond 44. In the change of NO+ to NO the electron is added to
length increase (a) 𝝈 orbital (b) 𝝅 orbital
(d) on ionization to form NO+, its bond order increases (c) 𝝈 * orbital (d) 𝝅 *orbita
and bond length decreases 45. The bond order of NO bond in nitric oxide is:
33. The molecular orbitals formed from two IS atomic (a) 2 (b) 2.5
orbitals by symmetric mode of linear combination is (c) 3 (d) 1.5
called 46. Bond order in CO is
(a) 𝜎(IS) (b) 𝜋(IS) (a) 2 (b) 2.5
(c) 𝜎 (IS)
∗
(d) 𝜋 (IS)
∗
(c) 1.5 (d) 3
34. In which of the following molecules or ions, removal of 47. Which among the following statements regarding CO are
one electron will increase the bond order and at the correct?
same time, make them diamagnetic from paramagnetic? I. In CO the HOMO is 𝜎 which is largely non bonding and
-
(a) 𝑂 (b) 𝐶𝑁 is located on C atom.
(c) 𝑁 (d) 𝑁𝑂 II. In CO the HOMO is 𝝅 which is largely non-bonding and
35. Identify the species with the lowest bond order among is located on C atom.
𝐶 , 𝑁𝑂, 𝐶𝑙 , 𝑂 . III. In CO the LUMO is doubly degenerate anti bonding 𝜋.
(a) 𝐶 (b) NO IV. In CO the negative end of the dipole is on the carbon
(c) 𝐶𝐼 (d) 𝑂 atom even though it is less electro negative.
36. The HOMO of Nitrogen molecule is (a) I and III only (b) I, III and IV only
(a) 𝜋-bonding molecular orbital (c) II, III and IV only (d) III and IV only
(b) 𝜎-bonding molecular orbital 48. Which of the following molecular orbitals of homo
(c) 𝜋*-antibonding molecular orbital diatomic molecules have gerade parity?
(d) 𝜎*-antibonding molecular orbital (a) 𝜎 𝜎 𝜋 ∗ (b) 𝜎 ∗ 𝜎 ∗ 𝜋 ∗
37. The bond order in 𝑂 ion is (c) 𝜎 𝜎 𝜋 (d) 𝜎 𝜎 ∗ 𝜋
(a) 1 (b) 2 49. Which of the following is paramagnetic?
(c) 3/2 (d) 5/2 (a) 𝑂 (b) 𝐶𝑁
38. Using molecular orbital theory, predict bond order and (c) 𝐶𝑂 (d) 𝑁𝑂
bond length of f𝑂 . 50. Which of the following species is diamagnetic in nature?
(a) 5/2 and 149 (b) 2 and 121 (a) 𝐻 (b) 𝐻
(c) 2 and 149 (d) 5/2 and 135 (c) H2 (d) 𝐻𝑒
39. ……………… is diamagnetic. 51. Number of 𝜎 and 𝜋 bonds in C2 molecule are respectively
(a) 𝑂 (b) 𝑂 (a) 1 and 1 (b) 2 and 0
(c) 𝑂 (d) 𝑂 (c) 0 and 2 (d) 1 and 2
40. What is the bond order of NO? 52. Which of the following molecules contain odd electron
(a) 1.5 (b) 2 bonds?
(c) 2.5 (d) 3 (I) H2O
41. Which one of the following pairs of species has the same (II) NO2
bond order? (III) ClO2
(a) 𝐶𝑁 and 𝑁𝑂 (b) 𝐶𝑁 and 𝐶𝑁 (IV) NO
(c) 𝑂 and 𝐶𝑁 (d) 𝑁𝑂 and 𝐶𝑁 (a) I and III only (b) I, III and IV only
42. Bond order in CO is (c) II, III and IV only (d) III and IV only
(a) 2 (b) 2.5
(c) 1.5 (d) 3
IFAS Publications
53. Which of the following statements is correct: 4. Solution: In a bond the atom with higher
+
(a) NO is more stable than NO electronegativity carries 𝛿 -ve charge and atom with
- +
(b) NO is more stable than NO lesser electronegativity carries 𝛿 +ve charge. Here,
(c) NO- is more stable than NO electronegativity of H is 2.2, F is 4, O is 3.4, N is 3 and B is
(d) NO+ is more stable than NO 1.2. Among all these H containing bonds only B has lesser
electronegativity than H. So, in B-H bond H carries 𝛿 -ve
ANSWER KEY charge.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Correct option is (C)
c b c a c d b d a a 5. Solution: In LiI and LiF, cation is same but anion is
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 different. Anions have same charge (-1) but their sizes are
b b b b b d c d a a different. Size of I- is greater than F- and Lattice energy ∝
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 𝟏
a a b b b a a c a c Charge ∝ . So, Lattice energy of LiF is greater than that
𝒔𝒊𝒛𝒆
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 of LiI. More energy is required to break LiF bonds than LiI
a d a d b b a b c c bonds. Thus, LiI is more soluble than LiF.
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Correct option is (D)
a d c d b d b b a c 6. Solution: The structures of NH3, N(CH3)3 and N(SiH3)3 are
51 52 53
given below:
c c d
SOLUTIONS
FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMICAL BONDING
1. Solution: In H2O, O is sp3 hybridized having tetrahedral
geometry and in ideal tetrahedral geometry bond angle
is 109° but in H2O there are 2 lone pairs on O that repels In N(SiH3)3, Si has vacant d orbitals that itself accepts the
each other as well as bond pairs and distort the structure lone pair of electrons of N and have trigonal planar
from ideal geometry giving a bent shaped molecule with structure and N don’t have more electrons to donate
bond angle of < 109°. The structure of H2O molecule thereby its basicity is reduced. But there is no such d
looks like: orbital in C and H. Due to which N(CH3)3 and NH3 are
pyramidal and more basic than N(SiH3)3. CH3 have
inductive effect and donate electrons to N increasing the
electrons on N to donate and thus basicity of N(CH3)3 is
more than that of NH3.
Correct option is (B)
7. Solution: In NCl3, N is sp3 hybridized having tetrahedral
geometry and in ideal tetrahedral geometry bond angle
is 109° but in NCl3 there is a lone pair on N that repels the
Option (a) is correct
bond pairs and distort the structure from ideal geometry
2. Solution: Lattice energy ∝ Charge ∝ . Due to small giving a pyramidal shaped molecule with bond angle of
size of anions CaF2 have very high lattice energy and is around 107°. The structure of NCl3 molecule looks like:
insoluble in water. Correct option is (C)
3. Solution: On moving down the group electronegativity of
central atom decreases. So, electrons of bond pairs move
away from central atom which results in decrease in
8. Solution: Hydration energy ∝ Charge ∝ . Here the
repulsion of bond pair electrons and consequently the H-
2+ 2+
charge is maximum on Mg and Ca and size of
A-H bond angle in AH3 species also decreases. NH3 has
Mg2+<Ca2+. So, hydration energy of Mg2+ should be
highest and AsH3 has lowest such bond angle among the
highest among the given species.
given species. Correct option is (D)
Correct option is (C)
IFAS Publications
9. Solution: Cl2O, F2O and H2O have O with sp3 hybridization Bond order = 0. Thus, He2 has 0 bond order and is very
and have bent shape. But bond angle of Cl2O is highest unstable.
due to very high steric repulsion between large sizes of Correct option is (C)
Cl.
10. Solution: According ton fajan’s rule polarizing power of
𝟏
cation ∝ Charge ∝ . Here all the species except K+
𝒔𝒊𝒛𝒆
have +2 charge so K+ has least polarizing power. Order of
size of other cations is Be2+<Mg2+<Ca2+. Reverse should
be the order of their polarizing power i.e. 15. Solution: Compound X is highly volatile means bonding is
Be2+>Mg2+>Ca2+. quite weak and it is insoluble in water. Water is a polar
Correct option is (B) molecule and it dissolves ions, compounds with ionic
11. Solution: BeCl2 has Be with sp hybridization and linear bonds, compounds with polar bonds etc. Covalent bonds
shape. ICl2- has I with sp3d hybridization with pentagonal are non-polar in nature and are quite weak.
bipyramidal geometry having 2 bond pairs and 3 lone Correct option is (B)
pairs giving linear shape. CS2 has sp hybridization and 16. Solution: NH3-BF3 exists as NH3 BF3 where BF3 is a
linear shape. ICl2+ has I with sp3 hybridization and hypovalent compound and NH3 has lone pair of electrons
tetrahedral geometry with 2 lone pairs and 2 bond pairs that it can donate and form this type of adduct. But both
giving bent shape. The structure of ICl2+ molecule is given BF3 and NH3 have their independent existence and can be
below: easily separated into their compounds.
Correct option is (D)
17. Solution: Hybrid number = ½[V+M-C+A], Al has electronic
configuration of [Ne] 3s2 3p1 In AlF4- hybrid number =
½[3+4-0+1] = 4 (sp3 hybridization).
18. Solution: s-block elements are those elements that have
ns0-1 configuration in their ultimate or penultimate
orbital or ns2 configuration in their ultimate orbital.
12. Solution: Hybrid number = ½[V+M-C+A], where V is no.
Option (b) does not follow this condition and it is not a s-
of valence electrons on central atom, M is no. of
block element.
monovalent atoms attached to central atom, C is charge
of cation and A is charge of anion. For NO2+ hybrid
19. Solution: Mg is purely basic and it does not react with
number = ½[5+0-1+0] = 2 (sp hybridization). For NO3-
NaOH to give any product.
hybrid number = ½[5+0-0+1] = 3 (sp2 hybridization). For
NH4+ hybrid number = ½[5+4-1+0] = 4 (sp3 hybridization).
20. Solution: BF3 has zero dipole moment and is non polar
Correct option is (A)
because direction of dipole moment is from B to F and it
13. Solution: s orbitals are spherical in nature and smaller in
cancels out from all the directions. In both H2O and H2S
size where orbitals ae dumb bells in shape and
direction of polarity is from H to central atom (O and S
comparatively larger than s orbitals. So, s orbitals do
respectively) but H2O has greater dipole moment than
better overlapping and make stronger bonds than p
H2S due to more electronegativity of O than S.
orbitals.
14. Solution: He2 is not stable as molecular orbital of diagram
of He2 contains 2 electrons in bonding and 2 electrons in
antibonding orbitals as shown below: Correct option is (A)
Bond order = ½[Nb-Na] = ½[2-2] 21. Solution: Chemical formula of Phosphoric acid is H3PO4.
Each H has 1 electron making 3 electrons from 3 H.
Atomic number of P is 15 so, it has 15 electrons. Atomic
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no. of O is 8 so, each O has 8 electrons making 32 cancels out from all the directions. In both H2O and H2S
electrons from 4 O. Thus, total electrons= 3+15+32 =50. direction of polarity is from H to central atom (O and S
Correct option is (A) respectively) but H2O has greater dipole moment than
22. Solution: Due to Li and F being from the same period, H2S due to more electronegativity of O than S.
they have orbitals of very less size difference that can Correct option is (A)
overlap well giving a stable LiF molecule.
23. Solution: On moving down the group electronegativity of
central atom decreases. So, electrons of bond pairs move 30. Solution: O22- ion is called as peroxide ion and the
away from central atom which results in decrease in structure of [XeO6]4- is given below: In this structure no
repulsion of bond pair electrons and consequently the H- O22- ion is present. Thereby no. of peroxide ions in
A-H bond angle in H2A species also decreases. H2O has [XeO6]4- is zero.
highest and H2Se has lowest such bond angle among the Correct option is (A)
given species. 31. Solution: Effective atomic no. of Cl- and S2- is 18 and that
Correct option is (D) of Na+ and F- is 10. Size of ions with effective atomic
24. Solution: Bent’s rule states that more electronegative number 18 is greater than that of ions with effective
substituent prefer hybrid orbitals having less S character atomic no. of 10. Size of ions with same effective atomic
and more electropositive substituents prefer hybrid number increases with increase in the negative charge.
orbitals having more S character. S2- has more negative charge than Cl- so, S2- is the largest
Correct option is (B) in size among the given species.
25. Solution: Solubility of sulphates of alkaline earth metal
decreases down the group because their solvation
energy decreases more rapidly than lattice energy on
moving down the group.
26. Solution: Angular momentum of orbitals = l(l+1)1/2h/2𝝅
where l is the angular momentum quantum no. For 1s, 2s
and 3s orbitals value of l is same (for s orbitals value of l Correct option is (B)
is 0). So, all these orbitals have same angular momentum. 32. Solution: Electronic configuration of P is [Ne] 3s23p3.
Energy ∝ n2 where n is the principal quantum no. For 1s, When 5 Cl approaches P 1 electron from 3s orbital jumps
2s and 3s orbitals value of n is 1,2 and 3 respectively. to 3d orbital thereby giving 1 unpaired electron in 3s, 3
Thus, all of these orbitals will have different energy. unpaired electrons in 3p and 1 unpaired electron in 3d
Correct option is (D) orbitals with whom electrons from 5Cl atoms can bind
27. Solution: The bond angle in NF3 is less than that in NH3 and make bonds giving us sp3d hybridization.
because of F being more electronegative than N, it pulls Correct option is (A)
the electrons of bond pairs towards itself thereby 33. Solution: Among the given molecules H2S and H2O are
reducing the bond pair-bond pair repulsion and bond bent shaped molecules with dipole moment. HCl is linear
angle of NF3 is less than that in NH3. molecule (H-Cl) but here 2 heteroatoms are bonded
Correct option is (A) together giving some net dipole moment. CO2 is also a
28. Solution: Radius of Fe3+ is lower than that of Fe2+ because linear molecule where C is at center and attached to 2 O
of greater charge in Fe3+ than Fe2+. Effective nuclear atoms and direction of dipole is from C to O. Direction of
charge and thereby attraction from the nucleus is more two dipoles are in opposite directions, cancelling each
in Fe3+ than in Fe2+ resulting in smaller radius of Fe3+ than other and giving net zero dipole moment.
Fe2+. Correct option is (C)
29. Solution: BF3 has zero dipole moment and is non polar
because direction of dipole moment is from B to F and it
IFAS Publications
moving down the group. Thus, the readily soluble
compound is BeSO4.
40. Solution: In BeH2 B is sp hybridized and the structure is
35. Solution: Electronic configuration of C is [He] 2s22p2.
linear whereas in H2O O is sp3 hybridized and geometry
Hybrid number = ½[V+M-C+A] = ½[4+0+0+0] =2 (sp
of molecule is tetrahedral but shape is bent. Be has 2
hybridization)
valence electrons and O has 6 valence electrons. But
shape of the molecule is not just dependent on no. of
valence electrons on central atom but many other factors
like type of substituent present, charge on molecule etc.
moving down the group.
41. Solution: SO3, NO3-and CO32- all the molecules are sp2
hybridized giving trigonal planar structure. SO 32- is sp3
hybridized having tetrahedral geometry but due to 3
bond pairs and 1 lone pair on central atom (S) it gives a
pyramidal structure. The structure of SO32- is drawn:
Correct option is (B) 42. Solution: Fluorinating agents are those active species
37. Solution: The bond angle in NF3 is less than that in NH3 which have Fluorine (F) as their electrophilic or
because of F being more electronegative than N, it pulls nucleophilic component so that they can incorporate
the electrons of bond pairs towards itself thereby Fluorine (F) ion into an organic compound. Among the
reducing the bond pair-bond pair repulsion and bond given options the best fluorinating agent is XeF6.
angle of NF3 is less than that in NH3.
38. Solution: Structure of XeOF4 is: It consists of 3C4 passing Correct option is (C)
through Xe and O rotating the F’s giving the same 43. Solution: The hydrolysis reaction of XeF6 is: XeF6 + 3H2O
structure. It contains 𝝈v passing through Xe and O → XeO3 + 6HF. Thus, XeF6 is hydrolyzed to give XeO3.
reflecting opposite F. It contains 𝟐𝝈v passing through Xe, Correct option is (C)
O and 2 opposite F’s reflecting the other set of F. One 44. Solution: The structure of ClF3 is drawn here: Here 2
more 𝝈v passing through the edge of square formed by equatorial F are different from axial. 19
F NMR signal of
F’s. Thus, it contains E, 3C4 and 𝟒𝝈v. Point group XeOF4 equatorial F’s will get affected by axial F and 19
F NMR
should be C4v. signal of axial F will get affected by equatorial F’s. IF =1/2.
Correct option is (C) Equatorial F’s will split due to axial F into (2*1*1/2+1 =2)
39. Solution: The structure of PF5 looks like: In PF5 Berry into a doublet and axial f will split due to equatorial F’s
pseudo rotation take place and because of this all the F’s into (2*2*1/2+1 = 3) into a triplet. Thus, 19
F NMR of T-
19
become equivalent. F NMR signal of one F won’t get shaped ClF3 will give us a doublet and a triplet.
affected by other F as they all are equivalent and will give Correct option is (A)
one signal all together. But their signal will split due to
presence of P. P is also a magnetic active nucleus with I
=1/2. So, the 19F NMR signal of 5F’s will split according to
2nI+1 where n is no. of P nucleus and I of P is ½. F will give
2*1*1/2+1 =2, a doublet in 19F NMR.
45. Solution: The isomers of PBr3Cl2 that have non zero
dipole moment are drawn below:
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INDEX

IIT JAM – INORGANIC PRACTICE BOOK

CHAPTER NO. CHAPTER NAME PAGE NO.

1 Atomic Structure and Periodicity 1

5 Coordination Chemistry 179

8 Bio-inorganic Chemistry 327

9 Acid Base 353

10 Nuclear Chemistry 366

11 Extraction of Elements 377

12 Analytical Chemistry 383

13 Instrumental Methods of Analysis 405

NUMERICAL ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (NAT)

Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

Similarly, τ ΔE ≥ ………(2) 4s-orbital is zero i.e., 4s0. Therefore, azimuthal quantum

8. Solution: The quantum number l tells about the Answer = 3.72

(a) (n - n) (b) (n + n) called

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