Dilla University

College of Engineering and Technology

School of Computing & Informatics (Computer Science & Networking Program)

Network Project Management (CN-7211)

Dr. Getenet Tilahun (Ph.D.)

Jan 17, 2023
Network Design
§ Our network design must answer some pretty basic questions

• What stuff do we get for the network?

• How do we connect it all?
• How do we have to configure it to work right?

§ Network design mainly consists of three phases:

§ Designing a network is typically broken into

three sections

• Determine requirements
• Define the overall architecture
• Choose technology and specific devices

Fig. 1 Network designing phases 1

§ Requirement analysis: to design a network
you need to analyze the entire network
requirement.
• User requirements
• Application requirements
• Device requirements
• Network requirements
• Other requirements

§ Architecture: which type of architecture is

suitable for the organization whether peer-to-
peer or client/server.

2
Capacity
§ Capacity is the complex measurement of the maximum amount of data that may be transferred
between network locations over a link or network path.

Bandwidth
§ Bandwidth is often used as a synonym for data transfer rate. The amount of data that can be
carried from one point to another in a given time period and usually expressed in bps.

Network supportability
§ The ability of the customer to sustain the required level of performance over the entire life cycle
of the network

3
 Network RMA
Reliability
§ Probability that an engineering system will perform its intended function satisfactorily for
intended life under specified environmental and operating conditions.

Maintainability
§ A measure of the ease and rapidity with which a system or equipment can be restored to
operational status following a failure.

Availability
§ Availability is the probability that the system is operating satisfactorily at any time, and it
depends on the reliability and the maintainability.

4
Network analysis
§ Network analysis provides the foundation for all the architecture and design decisions to follow.

§ Defines, determines, and describes relationships among users, applications, devices, and
networks.

§ It is also about understanding network behavior under various situations.

Network architecture
§ Develops the major network functions ( addressing/routing, network management, performance,
security) as architectural components that will be brought together to form the network.

§ Process determines sets of technology and topology choices.

5
Network design
§ Network design provides physical detail to the architecture. Physical detail includes:
• Blueprints and drawings of the network
• Selections of vendors and service providers
• Selections of equipment (equipment types and configurations)
• Other

§ Design: It can be design with the use of physical dimensions of area which topology is best for
the organizations.
• Topology
• Equipment selection
• Technology
• Connectivity
• Other

6
Two main principles
§ For a network design to work well we need to balance between (Hierarchy & Interconnectivity)

§ Hierarchy- How much network traffic flows connect in tiers of organization

§ Number of tiers of interconnection points within the network. Help us in

• Determining the sizes of networks,
• Routing and addressing configurations,
• Scaling of network technologies,
• Performance, and service levels,

§ Segments may be separate, smaller networks (subnets ) or broadcast domains.

§ Provides a separation of the network into segments.

7
 § Necessary
• When the amount of traffic on the network grows beyond the capacity of the network
• When interactions between devices on the network result in congestion ( broadcast storms)

§ Interconnectivity- Offsets hierarchy by allowing connections between levels of the design,

often to improve performance between them.

§ Diversity
• Is interconnectivity or redundancy
• As hierarchy provides structure in the network, interconnectivity balances this structure by
interconnecting the network at different levels in the design to provide greater
performance.

8
9
Network and system complexity
§ Complexity lies in the sophistication of the capabilities provided by that network.

§ Quality of service

• Refers to determining, setting, and acting on priority levels for traffic flows.

§ Service-level agreement
• Informal or formal contract between a provider and user that defines the terms of the
provider’s responsibility to the user and extent of accountability if those responsibilities are
not met.

§ Policies
• High-level statements about how network resources are to be allocated among users.

10
Network analysis, architecture, and design
§ Defining the problems to be addressed.

§ Establishing and managing customer expectations.

§ Monitoring the existing network, system, and its environment.

§ Analyzing data.

§ Developing a set of options to solve problems.

§ Evaluating and optimizing options based on various trade-off.

§ Selecting one or more options.

§ Planning the implementation.

11
Systems methodology

§ Means viewing the network along with a subset of its environment (everything that the
network interacts with or impacts), as a system.

§ Concepts of the systems methodology

• Network architectures and designs take into account the services that each network will
provide and support.

System description

§ A set of components that work together to support or provide connectivity,

communications, and services to users of the system.

12
Service description

§ Levels of performance and function in the network

§ Network services as sets of network capabilities that can be configured and managed
within the network and between networks.

Service characteristics
§ Individual network performance and functional parameters that are used to describe
services.

§ Service offered by the network to the system.

§ Service request
• Requested from the network by users, applications, or devices.
13
Traffic engineering
§ Is a method of optimizing the performance of a telecommunication network by dynamically
analyzing, predicting, and regulating the behavior of data transmitted over that network.

§ A set of mechanisms for better managing network resources and performance in order to deliver
better services.

Elements of traffic engineering

• Traffic studies & characteristics.
• Performance evaluation
• Facility design
• Traffic control
• Transportation systems management
• Intelligent transportation system technologies (ITS)

14
Designing a cellular radio technology network
§ An experience of a base station design begins with planning. This design involves a procedures
• Collection of input requirements
• Pre-planning process
• Dimensioning
• Site search
• Site survey
• Site selection
• Proper network planning
• Optimization
• Drive test
§ Mobile network uses the concept of a cell
• A cell is the basic unit of the network.
• A cell depicts a mobile network wireless coverage.
• A cell is graphically hexagonal in shape. Fig. 2 Cellular network technology
15
What is cellular radio
§ A term associated with wireless communication signals.

§ It is an electromagnetic wave and energy.

§ All wireless communicating devices are radio.

Cellular Technology
§ Mobile technologies has evolved the years.

§ Cellular mobile technologies have generation.

• First generation 1G
• Second generation 2G
• Third generation 3G
• Fourth generation 4G
• Emerging generation 5G
16
Pre-planning process
• This involves collection of input requirements.
• Determining the demographic pattern of the area.
• Determining the terrain, and topographic pattern of the area.
• Performing theoretical coverage, and capacity plan.
• Performing traffic estimation.

Dimensioning
• Determines the technology of equipment.
• Determines the types equipment suitable for the network according to collected requirement.
• Determines the type of network.
• It precedes network rollout.

17
Site search
• This involves a team of some people.
• They perform the site look-out.
• Suitable for an appropriate location the equipment.
• More than one sites are found.
• They are referred to as candidate sites.

Site selection

§ Primary candidate is selected..

§ Selection is based on the input requirements.
§ Selected site must be free of obstruction
§ It must not be located on a too low and too high terrain.

18
Site survey
§ This aspect involves a team technical body known as TTS.
§ The combination of site surveyors and RF engineers.
§ Determines the suitability for its intended purpose.
§ Performed based on the result of the propagation model
§ Site survey is based on the land area.

Network planning processes

• Link budget
• Coverage planning
• Capacity planning
• Traffic estimation
• Parameter planning

19
Network’s life cycle
§ Phase of a network’s life cycle can be broken into three elements:

• Operations,
• Maintenance,
• Human knowledge

§ Operations element focuses

• On ensuring that the network and system are properly operated and managed that any
required maintenance actions are identified

§ Maintenance element focuses

• On preventive, corrective maintenance and the parts, tools, plans, and procedures for
accomplishing these functions.

20
§ Human knowledge elements focuses
• Is the set of documentation, training, and skilled personnel required to operate and maintain
the networking system.

§ Key characteristics of a network architecture and design that affect the post
implementation costs include:
• Network and system reliability.
• Network and system maintainability.
• Training of the operators to stay within operational constraints.
• Quality of the staff required to perform maintenance actions.

21
Security & safety
§ How to protect system resources and data from theft, damage, DDoS, and unauthorized access?
• VPN, Encryption,
• Firewalls, Routing filters,
• NAT, Threat analysis,
• Physical Vs App Security

22
Q
23