Let

✓ Attendance Check

3
 Review
AGENDA
Session
Objectives:
➢Distinguishes prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
according to their distinguishing features
(STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-3)
➢Classifies different cell types (plant/animal tissues)
and specify the function(s) of each.
(STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-4)
➢Differentiate prokaryotic from eukaryotic cell (A)
➢Identify the different types of the cell that makes up
different kinds of organism (A)
Objectives:

➢Classify the parts and function of the cell (A)

➢Relate the cell organelles to the cell city
analogy. (M)
➢Appreciate the importance of the cell
organelles and how it works to our body.
Core Values

Accountability Moral Integrity Effectiveness and Efficiency

Self-Discipline Nobility
21st Century Skills
Critical Thinking Creativity
Skills

Collaboration Communication
 Week 2:
Cell
AGENDA Structures
and
Functions
 Lesson 1:
Prokaryotic
AGENDA
and
Eukaryotic
Cell
 INTRODUCTION

PROKAYOTES EUKARYOTES
INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION

EUKARYOTES PROKAYOTE
INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION

PROKAYOTES EUKARYOTES
 FIRM-UP
ORGANELLES

Organelles are
structures that enable
the cell to live, grow
and reproduce.
 INTRODUCTION

PROKAYOTES EUKARYOTES
FIRM-UP
TWO TYPES OF CELLS Eukaryotic Cells:

• Have a nucleus
• Have a membrane
- covered
organelles
• Have linear DNA
• Are all other cells
FIRM-UP
TWO TYPES OF CELLS
Prokaryotic Cells:

• Have no membrane
covered nucleus
• Have no membrane -
covered organelles
• Have circular DNA
• Are bacteria
INTRODUCTION
 Discussion

There are some key ingredients that a cell needs in order to be a cell, regardless
of whether it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. All cells share three key components:

PLASMA MEMBRANE

CYTOPLASM

DNA
 CHALLENGE YOURSELF!

INSTRUCTION:

PARTS OF A PROKARYOTIC CELL

I will state the description and function
and you are going to identify what
parts/structure of prokaryotic cell I am
referring to. Message your answer on
the chatbox.

21st Century Skills: Critical Thinking Skills, Analysis, Core Values: Effectiveness and Efficiency
 CHALLENGE YOURSELF!

ANSWER:
Pili (Pilus for
Singular)
1. Hair-like structures on the surface of the cell that
attach to other bacterial cells. Shorter pili called
fimbriae help bacteria attach to surfaces.
 CHALLENGE YOURSELF!

ANSWER:
Cell Wall

2. It is an outer covering that protects the

bacterial cell and gives it shape. Made out of
Peptidoglycan
 CHALLENGE YOURSELF!

ANSWER:
Cell Wall
Peptidoglycan or murein is a polymer consisting of
sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer
outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria,
 CHALLENGE YOURSELF!

ANSWER:
Nucleoid
Region
3. Area of the cytoplasm that contains the
single bacterial DNA molecule
 CHALLENGE YOURSELF!

ANSWER:
Capsule
4. Found in some bacterial cells, this additional outer covering
protects the cell when it is engulfed by other organisms,
assists in retaining moisture, and helps the cell adhere to
surfaces and nutrients.
 CHALLENGE YOURSELF!

ANSWER:
Plasmid

5. are gene carrying, circular DNA structures

that are not involved in reproduction.
 CHALLENGE YOURSELF!

ANSWER:
Plasmid

5. are gene carrying, circular DNA structures

that are not involved in reproduction.
 CHALLENGE YOURSELF!

ANSWER:
Cytoplasm

6. is a gel-like substance composed mainly of

water that also contains enzymes, salts, cell
components, and various organic molecules.
 CHALLENGE YOURSELF!

ANSWER:
Ribosomes

7. responsible for protein production.

 CHALLENGE YOURSELF!

ANSWER:
Flagella

8. are long, whip-like protrusion that aids in

cellular locomotion.
 CHALLENGE YOURSELF!

ANSWER:

Cell
Membrane
or 9. It surrounds the cell's cytoplasm and
Plasma regulates the flow of substances in and out of
Membrane the cell.
 Discussion
PARTS OF A
PROKARYOTIC CELL
 Lesson
2.2B:
Cell
AGENDA
Structure
and
Function
 INTRODUCTION

❖ Let us now explore the internal

intricacies of a typical eukaryotic
cell!
Discussion
 PLASMA CYTOPLAS
MEMBRANE M

Cytoplasm together with

Nucleus is known as
PROTOPLASM
(Living matter of the cell)

NUCLEUS
 Discussion

PRESENT IN BOTH
ANIMAL AND
PLANT CELL
 RIBOSOMES
FUNCTION
• Site of
Protein
Synthesi
s
 STRUCTURE
• Network of channels composed of single
membrane

TYPES
• Rough ER
• Smooth ER
 Cisternal
(Folds and Flattened)

TUBULAR
(TUBES)
GOLGI APPRATUS/ GOLGI BODY
STRUCTURE FUNCTION
• Consists of stacks of • Sorts,
single membrane that
are connected to the packages,
plasma membrane and and
endoplasmic reticulum modifies
proteins for
PROTEIN SHIPMENT
Discussion
1. Nucleolus produce ribosomes
PROTEIN SHIPMENT
Discussion
2. Ribosomes exit through nuclear pores.
PROTEIN SHIPMENT
Discussion

3. Free Ribosomes swims in the Other Ribosomes attached to

cytoplasm Rough ER
PROTEIN SHIPMENT
Discussion
4. Ribosomes create proteins
PROTEIN SHIPMENT
Discussion

5. Created Proteins travel through vesicles to the Golgi

Apparatus
PROTEIN SHIPMENT
Discussion

6. Golgi Apparatus Packages and Modifies protein

PROTEIN SHIPMENT
Discussion

7. Packaged and Modified Protein exports through vesicles

8. Packaged and Modified Protein penetrate the Cell/Plasma

Membrane

9. Packaged and Modified Protein are used by the Body

 STRUCTURE FUNCTION
• Oval in Shape • Powerhouse of the Cell
• They are made of two
membranes. The
• Create ATP (Adenosine
outer membrane covers Triphosphate) which is
the organelle and contains an energy molecule in
it like a skin. the process of Cellular
• The inner membrane folds
over many times and Respiration
creates layered structures
called cristae.
MITOCHONDRION
LYSOSOME
STRUCTURE FUNCTION
• Spherical organelle • Breaks down food particles,
invading objects, or worn out
that encloses cell parts.
digestive • Lysozyme which can defend a
(hydrolytic) cell from invading bacteria
enzymes and viruses.
• Suicidal Bag (Autolysis – self-
destruct dying cell)
• Also break down damaged or
own out cell parts.
• Recycling Center
LYSOSOME
 Discussion

PRESENT IN
ANIMAL CELL
ONLY
ORGANELLES STRUCTURE DESCRIPTION
/ PARTS

PEROXISOMES
➢ Similar to lysosomes, peroxisomes also
exist as small vesicles around the cell.
➢ They are surrounded by a single
membrane, containing digestive enzymes
for breaking down toxic materials.
➢ Though they contain digestive enzymes,
just like lysosomes, carry oxidative
enzymes that requires oxygen.
PEROXISOMES
ORGANELLES FUNCTION
/ PARTS
PRESENT BOTH ANIMALS AND PLANTS
PEROXISOMES ➢ They absorb nutrients that had been acquired by cells.
➢ The enzymes in the peroxisomes break down complex
molecules into smaller molecules. For example, the by
products of digestion is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2),
➢ Catalase in peroxisomes destroys H 2 O 2 by breaking it down
into water (H 2 O), and oxygen (O 2),
➢ In this condition, water is safe to the cell, while oxygen is
needed for the digestive reaction that follows. Peroxisomes
also help in breaking down alcohol in the body. Because of this,
you would expect your liver cells to have more peroxisomes
than other cells in your body.
 ORGANELLES / STRUCTURE DESCRIPTION
PARTS

CENTROSOME ➢ The centrosome is a small

AND CENTRIOLES dense region of cytoplasm that
serves as the main microtubule
organizing center (MTOC),
where microtubules are
organized and assembled.
➢ In animal cells, it contains two
barrél-like structures called
centrioles that are
perpendicular to each other.
➢ Centrioles are cylinder shaped
organelles made of nine triplets
of short microtubules arranged
in a ring.
 ORGANELLES / FUNCTION
PARTS

CENTROSOME ➢ Before an animal cell divides, the centrosome

AND CENTRIOLES
including the centrioles double, and the two new
centrosomes move to opposite ends of the cell.
Microtubules develop from each centrosome, forming
spindle fibers. These fibers affix to the DNA and help
divide it between the two cells.
➢ Centrioles also organize microtubules to form “cilia”
and “flagella”
Note: Plant and animal cell centrosomes play similar
roles in cell division, and both include collections of
microtubules, but the plant cell centrosome is simpler
and does not have centrioles.
 Discussion

PRESENT IN
PLANT CELL
ONLY
Trivia Time
Is there any
question?