PERMANENT TISSUE

 They are formed from meristematic tissue

 The cells in the tissue lose the ability to divide and form permanent tissue

Permanent tissue are divided into two types

1. SIMPLE PERMANENT TISSUE:

Consist of only one type of cells
Simple permanent tissue is of three types

PARENCHYMA
 Consists of relatively unspecialized living cells.
 Loosely packed thin-walled cells, oval or spherical in structure with
large space between cells.
 Cell wall mainly composed of cellulose & pectin.
 Large central vacuole for food & water storage.
 Primary function is food storage and packing.

Types –

Idioblast:- Some parenchyma involved in storage of excretory substances

such as resin, tannin, gum and oils called as idioblast.

Chlorenchyma:- Chloroplast containing parenchyma tissues are called as

chlorenchyma which perform photosynthesis e.g., mesophyll of leaves.

Aerenchyma:- In hydrophytic plants aerenchyma (a type of parenchyma

containing air spaces) provides buoyancy.

COLLENCHYMA TISSUE

 Elongated living cells with thick corners.

 Provides flexibility to plant parts & easy bending of various parts of
plant.
 Few chloroplasts may be present.
  Give mechanical strength elasticity to the growing stems.
 They have no or very little intercellular spaces.

SCLERENCHYMA TISSUE

 The cells of this tissue are dead, long and narrow.

 Walls are thickened due to lignin deposition.
 Present in stems, around vascular bundles, in the veins of leaves and
in the hard covering of seeds and nuts
 Provides strength to the plant parts and makes plant hard & stiff.
 E.g., husk of a coconut

2. COMPLEX PERMANENT TISSUE:
 Consists of more than one type of cells which together as a unit.
 Helps in transportation of organic materials, water and minerals.
 Also known as conducting as vascular tissue.
 Xylem and phloem together from vascular bundles.

Complex permanent tissue is of two types

1. XYLEM: Help in Transportation of water and minerals from soil to plant.

Types - Xylem consists of four types of cells called as components or
elements:-
Tracheids Vessels Xylem Xylem
parenchyma sclerenchyma
Elongated dead Advance element
cells (primitive (generally found Small & thick- Cells are dead,
elements) mainly in angiosperms) walled thick walled &
involved in flow cylindrical parenchymatous provide
conduction of water tube-like cells designed for mechanical
and minerals in structures placed storage of starch support.
gymnosperms one above the (food).
other end to end  Living
to form a
continuous
channel for
efficient
conduction of
water.
2. PHLOEM: It transport (translocation) food from leaves to other parts of
the plant.

Types - Phloem consists of 4 types of components/elements:-

Sieve tubes Companion cells Phloem Phloem

parenchyma sclerenchyma
Sieve tubes are Closely
tubular cells with associated with a Store food dead provide
perforated walls.( element •living mechanical
with pores) support.