Transmission Line

Fault Safety System

A REPORT
submitted in partial fulfillment
of
the requirements for the Certificate
of

Diploma in Electrical Engineering

(Submitted by)

VISHAL MADDHESIYA E21447837800001

MANJIT PRAJAPATI E21447837800002

HARSH RAJ E20447832800019

PRIYANSHU GOND E20447832800011

PAVAN JAYSWAL E21447837800003

ASHISH MISHRA E20447832800026

under the supervision of

Dr. Santosh Kumar Singh

Er. Shailendra Kumar Maurya

GOVERNMENT
POLYTECHNIC
Page 1
KURU PINDRA,VARANASI
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

DESCRIPTION PAGE NUMBER

CERTIFICATE 3

DECLARATION 4

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5

ABSTRACT 7

INTRODUCTION&BLOCK DIAGRAM 8

BASIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 9

LIST of HARDWARE SPACIFICATION 10

COMPONENTS DESCRIPITION 11

WORKIMG PRINCIPLE 14

ADVANTAGES & LIMITATIONS 15

CONCLUSION 16

ESTIMATING AND COSTING 17

Page 2
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KURU PINDRA
VARANASI

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “Transmisson Line

Fault Safety System” submitted by Vishal Maddhesiya, Manjeet
Prajapati, Harsh Raj, Pavan Jayswal, Priyanshu Gond, Ashish Mishra
to the Government Polytechnic Kuru Pindra Varanasiin partial
fulfillment for theaward of the certificate of Diploma in Electrical
Engineering is a bonafide record of project work carried out by him/her
under my/our supervision. The contents of this report, in full or inparts, have
not been submitted to any other Institution for the award of diploma.

(Signature of Head of Department) (Signature of Principal)

Page 3
 DECLARATION

I declare that this project report titled “Transmisson Line Fault Safety
System ” submitted in partial fulfillment of the certificate of Diploma in
Electrical Engineering is a record of original work carried out by me under
the supervision of Er. SHAILENDRA KUMAR MAURYA, and has not
formed the basis for the award of any other degree or diploma, in this or
any other Institution. In keeping with the ethical practice in reporting
scientific information, due acknowledgements have been made wherever the
findings of others have been cited.

Signature

Vishal Maddhesiya
Date: (E21447832800001)

Page 4
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I would like to express my sincere gratitude towards ‘ Er. SHAILENDRA

KUMAR MAURYA’, for his inspiring guidance and constant support during
my Project Work. His immense enthusiasm and encouragement made
undertaking this study a pleasure.
I take this opportunity to thank Shri Ajit Kumar Mishra, Principal -
Government Polytechnic Kuru Pindra, Varanasi and other faculty members
who helped in preparing the Project Report.
I extend my sincere thanks to all staff members of Government Polytechnic
Kuru Pindra for the completion of this project.

VISHAL MADDHESIYA

Page 5
 ABSTRACT
Electricity has become the most sought after amenity for all of us. Gone are the days when
electricity would be only limited to cities. It is now reaching to every distant parts of the
world. So we have now a complex network of power system. This power is being carried
by the transmission lines. These lines travel very long distances so while carrying power,
fault occurring is natural. These faults damages many vital electrical equipment like
transformer, generator, transmission lines. For the uninterrupted power supply we need to
prevent these faults as much as possible. So we need to detect faults within the shortest
possible time,
So In This Project We will use Relay detecting System when any fault detect the relay
detecting system then relay detecting system automatic cut the transmission line power
source so our substation save by any fault ,
This project is about designing the Numerical relay where the fault is detected when the
input value exceeds the reference value set in the relay which then gives the trip signal to
the circuit breaker .
 Introduction
In This Project We solve the big problem by our idea , These days when three phase
transmission line first wire touch to second wire then that fault effect on substation and
sometimes substation transformer fused so we make a system for transmission line all type
of fault , for example in transmission any fault Line to Line fault or Line to ground fault or
fire fault then that time automatic transmission line electricity power cut so our substation
safe by that fault , So This is Our Idea For Solving This Big Problem.

Block Diagram

Basic Circuit Diagram

1st Hand Made Relay Module Circuit

2nd Dual Channel Relay Module Circuit
 Hardware Specifications:-

SN Component

1 Relay

2 Temperature Module

3 Capacitor 25v/1000uf

4 LED Bulb

5 Resistor

6 5V Adopter Circuit

7 Steel Plate

8 PCB

9 Line Filter

10 AC Bulb / Holder

11 Jumper Wire

12 Hard Cover Wire

5V Relay Module
 What is a 5V Relay?
A 5v relay is an automatic switch that is commonly used in an automatic control circuit
and to control a high-current using a low-current signal. The input voltage of the relay
signal ranges from 0 to 5V.

5V Relay Pin Configuration

The pin configuration of the 5V relay is shown below. This relay includes 5-pins where each
pin and its functionality are shown below.

Pin1 (End 1): It is used to activate the relay; usually this pin one end is connected to 5Volts
whereas another end is connected to the ground.
Pin2 (End 2): This pin is used to activate the Relay.
Pin3 (Common (COM)): This pin is connected to the main terminal of the Load to make it
active.
Pin4 (Normally Closed (NC)): This second terminal of the load is connected to either NC/
NO pins. If this pin is connected to the load then it will be ON before the switch.
Pin5 (Normally Open (NO)): If the second terminal of the load is allied to the NO pin, then
the load will be turned off before the switch.
 Temperature Sensor Module

NTC Thermistor temperature sensor module is low cost, small size module. It is very
sensitive to ambient temperature. It is generally used to detect the temperature of the
surrounding environment. Through potentiometer adjustment, it is possible to change the
temperature detection threshold. DO output can be directly connected to the micro
controller to detect high and low, by detecting temperature changes in the environment.
The temperature detection range of the module is between 20 and 80 degrees Celsius. This
module can be replaced with a line temperature sensor for controlling the water
temperature, water tank, etc. Generally the 4 wire method of thermistor measurement is the
most accurate, because there is effectively no current flowing in either of the measurement
cable wires and therefore no added resistance due to the cable wires.

Specifications of NTC Thermistor Temperature sensor module:-

  NTC thermistor sensor, good sensitivity

  The comparator output signal is more than 15mA.
  Possibel to adjust the temperature distribution position detection threshold
  Working voltage: 3.3V-5V
  Output form: DO digital switching outputs (0 and 1) and AO analog voltage output
  Fixed bolt hole for easy installation
  Small PCB board size: 3.2cm x 1.4cm
  uses a wide voltage comparator LM393
 CAPACITOR

A voltage applied across the conductors creates an electrical field in the capacitor, which
stores energy. A capacitor operates like a battery in that, if a potential difference is
applied across it that can cause a charge greater than its "present" charge, it will be
charged up.

3V DC LED Bulb We use for showing electricity generating for.

We use resistor with LED bulb

 Working Principle
This Project Full Work On Relay System And Relay is an electrical switch so relay
module when received the signal then relay cut the electricity power so this project full
principle depend on Relay Principle ,The relay is the device that open or closes the
contacts to cause the operation of the other electric control. It detects the intolerable or
undesirable condition with an assigned area and gives the commands to the circuit breaker
to disconnect the affected area. Thus protects the system from damage.
 Advantages AndLimitations of the system
Advantages:-
We can stop losses by line to linefault in Transmission Line
We can stop losses by Ground to line fault in Transmission Line
We can Stop Losses by Fire and TemperatureFault in Transmission Line
This Project Save fault in transmission line so our government money save

Limitations of the system:-

For Detect Fault We need more sensor Module for every tower
This is now a idea for my project we did not check in real life
 Conclusion And Future development

CONCLUSION:-
In This project we show how to save fault in transmission line and we make this project
and show successful working of project. So by our project successful work our conclusion
is this is best idea for safety many type of fault.
 ESTIMATING
&

COSTING
OF

COMPUTER LAB
STEP 1:- ASSUPTION

1. The height of LRC from the floor is 4m.

2. The height of all SB is 1.25m from the floor.
3. The height of MB and DB from the floor is 1.5m.
4. The horizontal run of the light –fan circuit 3.5m from the floor.
5. Loop in method is used for wiring.
6. Concealed conduit wiring is used.
7. The thickness of wall is 0.25.

STEP 2:- LOADCALCULATION OF TOTAL LIGHTING

Total lighting load = ceiling square LEDs + tube light + fan + socket
= 8*50 + 6*60 + 10*60 + 3*100
= 400 + 360 + 600 + 300
= 1660W

Total number of point = 28 point

STEP 3:- CALCULATION OF LIGHT CIRCUIT REQUIRED

Calculation of lighting circuit required = total lighting circuit load /800
CKT required = 1660/800
= 2.75
Hence the no. of required lighting circuit is 3.

Total lighting CKT required is = 3

Load current:-
= Total Lighting load/230V
 = 1660/230
= 7.21Amp = 8*2 = 16Amp (safety factor is 2)
Required size of copper wire is 1.5m.m

Rating of Main switch board & Distribution board = 25A, 250V, 50Hz

STEP 6:- LENGTH OF CONDUIT AND WIRE

Sr. No. No of cond CONDUIT PIPE LENGTH of LENGTH of

(mm) PIPE(m) WIRE(M)

1. 2 16 40 80
2. 3 16 35 70
3. 4 19 18 70
4. 5 19 1 5
5. 6 25 6 36
6. 7 25 8 56
7. 8 25 - -
8. 9 32 13.5 60.75
9. 10 32 4.5 45
TOTAL 422.75

16mmrigid = 75 + 10% = 82.5m

19mm rigid = 19 + 10% =20.9m

25mm rigid = 14 + 10% = 15.4m

32mm rigid = 11.25 + 10%=12.37m

 Total wire = 423 + 15% {on takin, 15% wastage}
= 423 + 63.45 = 486.45M

TOTAL WIRE = 487M(APPROX)

STEP 7:- LABOUR COST

Calculation of labour cost is based on no.of points. For every point labour cost will be
200rs.

Hence the total lighting points = 28

Total labour cost = 28*200
= 5600rs

STEP 8 :- ESTIMATING AND CASTING OF REQUIRED

MATERIAL

Sr.No Materials Company Unit Quantity Rate/ Cost

. Unit (Rs)
1. DPIC(25A,250V,50Hz) - No. 1 1400 1400
2. Switch Board Set Poly cabe NO. 3 350 1050
(G.I)
3. PVC CONDUIT
A)16mm rigid ,, M 83 m 12 996
B)19mm rigid ,, M 21m 15 315
C)25mm rigid ,, M 16m 25 400
D)32mm rigid ,, M 13mm 22 286
4. Fan Usha No. 10 1800 18000
5. Fan Regulator Anchor No. 10 120 1200
6. Socket(5A) ,, No. 6 30 180
7. Switch(5A) ,, No. 28 25 700
8. Ceiling Square Light Philips No. 10 1100 11000
9. LED Tube Light Surya No. 6 350 2100
10. Ceiling rose - No. 21 10 210
11. T- Conduit - No. 100 10 1000
12. Conduit Bend - No. 12 5 60
13. 1.5mm CU Wire Havells M 487 22.5 10958
14. Other Miscellaneous - - - - 1000
15. Labour Cost - - - - 5600
TOTAL 56455

Total cost of material = 56455Rs

Contigencies cost = 10%

Total estimated cost = 56455+ 10%

= 56455 + 5645.5
= 62100.5Rs

Total Estimated Cost of Power Wiring = 62100.5/-